Ch. 877. 1 Amarawd 36. 913. 2 Idwallo 3 Merick 4 Iames or Iago 1067. 5 Conan Sonne of Iames. 1099. 6 Gryssith ap Conan 1120. 7 Owen Guinedth 1178. 8 David ap Owen 1194. 9 LLewellen ap Iarweth 1240. 10 David ap Llewellen 1246. 11 LLewellen II. Sonne of Gryffith the Brother of David ap LLwellen the last Prince of Wales of the British Race Of whom it is said that once consulting with a Wâ—tch he was told by her that it was his destiny to be caried in triumph thorow London with a Crown on his head Hereupon making some excursions on the Englâ—â—h Borders he drew upon himself the whole power of King Edward the first which not being able to withstand and the King as willing on the other side not to sight with Mountains Commissioners were appointed to conclude the differences Robert Lord Tiptoff and some others for the King of England and for the Welch Prince Grono ap Heylyn a great man of that Countrey descended from Brockwell Skythrac one of the Princes of Powys-land from whom if Camdâ—aâ—â—rentiâ—ux be of any credit the Author of these Papers doth derive his Pedegree under whom that Family had the Office of Hereditarie Cup-Bearer and from thence their name Heylyn Promus 〈◊〉 à poculis quae vox â—a proprium â—omen abiit saith the Welch Dictionarie By those Commissioners it was concluded and agreed on that LLewellen should enjoy a part of the Countrey with the Title of Prince during his life the rest in present and the whole after his decease to be surrendred over to the King of England But David the Brother of LLewellen finding himself excluded by this Agreement from the hope of succession incensed his Brother and the Welch to a new Revolt the issue whereof was the taking of David executed by the hand of justice and the death of LLewellen slain in Battail neer the Buelth in Brecknocksâ—ire Whose head being pitched upon a stake and adorned with a Paper-Crown was by a Horseman caried triumphantly thorow London Anno 1282. And so the Prophecie was fulfilled In him ended the Line of the Princes of north-North-Wales after they had for the space of 405 yeers resisted not only the private undertakers and Adventurers of England but the Forces of many puissant Monarchs whose attempts they alwayes made frustrate by retiring into the heart of their Countrey and leaving nothing for the English to encounter with but their Woods and Mountains But now the fatall period of the â—ritish Liberty being come they were constrained to yeeld to the stronger What followed after this we shall see anon The Arms of these Princes was quarterly Gules and Or four Lions Passant gardant counterchanged 2 POWISLAND contained the whole Counties of Montgomery and Radnor all Shropshire beyond the Severn with the Town of Shrewsbury and the rest of Denbigh and Flinâ—shires comprehending by the estimate of those times 15 Cantreds or hundreds of Villages the word Cant signifying an hundred and Tret a Village The principall Cities or Towns of it were S. Asaph Shrewsbury Matravall spoken of before A Countrey more partaking of the nature and fertility of England than the parts belonging unto Guinedth or North-Wales but alwayes lying in harms way by reason of the Neighbourhood of the more potent English and therefore given by Roderick to Merâ—yn his youngest Sonne partly because he was the youngest but chiefly because he was a man of approved valour and so more fit to have his portion upon the Borders In his Line it continued a long time together but much afflicted and dismembred by the â—arks of Chester and Shrewsbury who took from them a good part of Flint and Denbigh and 〈◊〉 and by the Princes of north-North-Wales who cast many a greedy eye upon it Of the Successors of Prince Mervyn I find no good Caâ—taâ— more than of Brockwell Skythrac before remembred The last that held it all entire was Meredyth ap Blethyn who following the ill example of Roderick Mawr divided it betwixt Madoc and Gryffith his two Sonnes Of which Maâ—eâ— died at Wiâ—chestâ—r Anno 1160 in the time of King Henry the 2d his part hereof depending after his decease on the Fortunes of Guinedâ—h and Gryffith was by Henry the first made Lord of 〈◊〉 the stile of Prince left off as too high and lofty In his Race it continued till the time of King Edward the first to whom at a Parliament holden in Shâ—ewsbury Owen ap Gâ—yffiâ—â—h the fifth from Gryâ—â—ith ap Meredith before mentioned surrendred his place and Title and received them of the King again to be holden in Capite and free Baronage according to the Custom of England Avis or Hawis Daughter and Heir of this Owen ap Gryffith was maried unto Iohn Charlâ—ton Valect or Gentleman of the Privie Chamber to King Edward the 2d by whom in right of his Wife he was made Lord Powis Edward the fift also of this Line of the Charleâ—ons was the last of that House his Daughter Jâ—ne conveying the Estate and Title to the House of the Greyes and of them also five enjoyed it the last Lord Powis of the Line or Race of Mervyn being Edward Grey who died in the dayes of our Grand Fathers And so the title lay extinct untill revived again in the person of Sir William Herbert of Red-castle descend from the Herberts Earls of Pembroke created Lord Powys by K. Charles the first Anno 1629. The Arms of the Princes of Powysland were Or a Lyon Rampant Gules 2 south-SOUTH-WALES or Deheubarâ—h conteined the Counties of Monmouth Glamorgan Caermarden Cardigan and Brecknock the greatest and most fruitfull part of all Wales but more exposed to the invasion of forrain Nations English Danes Flemmings and Norwegians by whom the Sea-Coasts were from time to time most grievously plagued Insomuch that the Kings and Princes hereof were inforced to remove their seat from Caermarthen where it was fixt at first unto Dynevour Castle as a place of greater strength and safety where it continued till the Princes of it were quite extinct called from hence Kings of Dynevour as before is said The chief Towns of it Caermarthen Monmouth Landaffe S. Davids spoken of alreadie The Kings and Princes as farre I can find upon any certainty are these that follow The Princes of south-South-Wales A. Ch. 877. 1 Cadel 2 Howel 907. 3 Howel Dha 948. 4 Owen 5 Aeneas 6 Theodore the great 1077. 7 Rhese ap Theodore 1093. 8 Gryffith ap Rhese 9 Rhese II. ap Gryffith 10 Gryffith ap Rhese the last Prince of south-South-Wales of the Line of Cadel after they had with great strugling maintained their liberty for the space of 300 years and upwards but so that though they still preserved the title of Princes they lost a great part of their Countrie to the Norman-English For in the reign of William Rusus Bernard de Newmark a noble Norman seized upon those parts which now make the Countie of Brecknock being then a fair and goodly Lordship and
Robert Fitz-Haymon with some other noble adventures made themselves masters of Glamorgan in which the posteritie of some of them are still remaining Incouraged by their good success Arnulp of Montgomery in the time of King Henry the first won from the Welch a great part of Dyvet which we now call Pembroâ—â—shire as the Earls of Warren and Lord Mortimer about the same times did prevail exceedingly in the conquest of Cardigan and Monmouth So that the poor Princes had no one Countrie left entire but Caermarthen onely too little to maintain them in so high a title And though this last Gryffith in the time of the Warres in England betwixt Maud the Empress and King Stephen had recovered a great part of this lost Estate yet neither he nor his did enjoy it long himself deceasing shortly after and his two Sonnes Cymmerick and Meredith being taken by King Henry the second who most cruelly put out their eyes yet did the Welch as well as possibly they coâ—ld endeavour to preserve the liberty which their Fathers left them till the felicitie and wisdome of King Edward the first put an end unto the warre of Wales and setled them in some degree of peace and quiet But before we come to speak of this we are to shew another Catalogue of the Kings and Princes of Wales different from the succession of them before laid down and made according to the History of Wales writ by Humfrey LLoyd this Catalogue conteining the Succession of the greater and predominant Princes whether of Guynedh Deheuharth or Powysland such as gave law unto the rest and had the honour to be called Kings of Wales though Princes onely of their own proper and particular Countries as formerly we had a Catalogue of the Monarchs of the English Saxons made out of the Predominant Princes of the Saxon Heptarchiâ— Onely we shall find some in the following Catalogue who were not naturally and lineally Princes of any of the three and therefore not expressed in the former Tables but such as by strong hand had intruded into those Estates to the prejudice of the right heirs over-powred by them The Kings and Princes of Wales according to the Welch History A. Ch. 688. 1 Ivor 690. 2 Idwallo or Edwall Sonne of Cadwallader 720. 3 Roderick Molwinnoe 755. 4 Conan â—eudaethwy 820. 5 Mervin Vrich 843. 6 Roderick Mawre who divided Wales into 3 Estates 877. 7 Amarawdh Prince of Guynedth 913. 8 Edwall Voel Prince of Guynedh 940. 9 Howel Dha or the Good Prince of Dehenbarth 948. 10. Ievaf and Iago Sonnes of Edwall Voel to whom King Edgar did release the tribute paid in money for a tribute of Wolves 982. 11. Howel the Sonne of Ievaf succeeded in the Kingdom of Wales his Father being still alive and of right Prince of Guinedh 984. 12 Cadwallan the brother of Howell 986. 13 Meredith ap Owen Prince of Debeâ—barth 992. 14 Edwall Sonne of Merick the Eldest Sonne of Edwall Voel which Merick had been pretermitted as unfit for Government 1003. 15 Aedan ap Blethored an Vsurper 1015. 16 LLewellen ap Sitsylht descended from the house of Dehenbarth 1021. 17 Iago ap Edwall Prince of Guinedh 1037. 18 Gryffith ap LLewellen 1061. 19 Blethyn and Rhywallon Sonnes of Angharad the Daughten of Meredith ap Owen Prince of Debenbarth by a second Husband 1073. 20 Trahaern ap Caradoc Cousin to Blethyn 1078. 21 Gryffith Prince of Guinedh Sonne of Conan the Sonne of Iago ap Edwall one of the Princes of the same did Homage to William the Conquerour and was the last that had the title of King of Wales 1137. 22 Owen Guinedh Prince of Guinedh and Soveraign Prince of Wales 1169. 23 David ap Owen Prince of Guinedh 1194. 24 LLewellen Sonne of Iorweth Eldest Sonne of Owen Guinedh excluded by David his younger Brother 1240. 25 David ap LLewellen Prince of Guinedh 1246. 26 LLewellen Sonne of Gryffith the Brother of David the last Soveraign Prince of Wales of the race of Cadwallader overcome and slain in battell by King Edward the first An. 1282. as before is said by means whereof the Principalitie of Wales was added to the Crown of England When King Edward had thus fortunately effected this great business he gave unto his English Barons and other Gentlemen of note many fair Signeuries and Estates as well to reward them for their service in the conquest as to engage so many able men both in purse and power for the perpetuall defence and subjugation of it As for the Lordship of Flint and the Towns and Estates lying on the sea-coasts he held them into own hands both to keep himself strong and to curb the Welch and wherein he dealt like the politick Emperour Emperour Augustus pretending the ease of such as he had there placed but indeed to have all the Arms and men of employment under himself onely This done he divided Wales into seven Shires viz. 1 Glamorgan 2 Carmarden 3 Pembroke 4 Cardigan 5 Merioneth 6 Carnarvon and 7 Anglesey after the manner of England Over each of these as he placed a particular English Lieutenant so he was very desirous to have one generall English Vicegerent over the whole body of the Welch But this when they mainly withstood he sent for his wife then great with child to Carnarvon where she was delivered of a Sonne Upon the newes whereof the King assembled the British Lords and offered to name them a Governour born in Wales which could speak not one word of English and whose life no man could tax Such a one when they had all sworn to obey he named his young Sonne Edward since which time our Kings Eldest Sonnes are called Princes of Wales Their Investiture is performed by the imposition of a cap of estate and a Coronet on his head that is invested as a toâ—en of his Principality by delivering into his hand a verge being the Emblem of government by putting a ring of gold on his finger to shew him how now he is a Husband to the Countrey and a Father to her Children and by giving him a patent to hold the said Principality to him and his heirs Kings of England By which words the separation of it from the Crown is prohibited and the Kings keep in themselves so excellent an occasion of obliging unto them their eldest Sonne when they please In imitation of this custom more ex Anglia translato saith Mariana Iohn the first of Castile and Leon made his Sonne Henry Prince of the Asturia's which is a countrey so craggie and and mountainous that it may not improperly be called the Wales of Spain And all the Sâ—anish Princes even to these times are honoured with this title of Prince of the Asturia's Notwithstanding this provident care of Edward the first in establishing his Empire here and the extreme rigor of Law here used by Henry the 4th in reducing them to obedience after the rebellion of Owen Glâ—ndower yet till the time of Henry the 8th and his Father
both being extract from the Welch blood they seldom or never contained themselves within the bounds of true Allegeance For whereas before they were reputed as Aliens this Henry made them by Act of Parliament one Nation with the English subject to the same Laws capable of the same preferments and privileged with the same immunities He added 6 Shires to the former number out of those Countries which were before reputed as the Borders and Marches of Wales and enabled them to send Knights and Burgesses unto the English Parliaments so that the name and language only excepted there is now no difference between the English and Welch an happy Vnion The same King Henry established for the ease of his Welch Subjects a Court at Ludlow like unto the ordinary Parliaments in France wherein the Laws are ministred according to the fashion of the Kings Courts of Westmâ—nster The Court consisteth of one President who is for the most part of the Nobility and is generally called the Lord President of Wales of as many Counsellors as it shall please the King to appoint one Attourney one Sollicitor one Secretary and the Iustices of the Counties of Wâ—les The Town it self for this must not be omitted adorned with a very fair Castle which hath been the Palace of such Princes of Wales of the English blood as have come into this Countrie to solace themselves among their people Here was young â—dward the 5th at the death of his Father and here dyed Prince Arthur Eldest Sonne to Henry the 7th both being sent hither by their Fathers to the same end viz by their presence to satisfie and keep in Order the unquiet Welchmen And certainly as the presence of the Prince was then a terror to the rebellious so would it now be as great a comfort to this peaceable people What the Revenues of this Principalâ—ty are I cannot say yet we may boldly affirm that they are not very small by these reasons following viz. 1 By the Composition which LLewellen the last Prince of Wales made with Edward the first who being Prince of north-North-Wales onely and dispossessed of most of that was fain to redeem the rest of the said King Edward at the price of 50000 Marks which comes to 100000 pounds of our present mony to be paid down in ready Coin and for the residue to pay 1000 l. per Annum And 2dly by those two circumstances in the mariage of the Lady Katharine of Spain to the above named Prince Arthur For first her Father Ferdinando being one of the wariest Princes that ever were in Europe giving with her in Dowry 200000 Ducats required for her loynture the third part only of this Principality and of the Earldom of Chester And secondly After the death of Prince Arthur the Nobles of the Realm perswaded Prince Henry to take her to Wise that so great a Treasure as the yeerly Revenne of her lonyture might not be carried out of the Kingdom The Arms of the Princes of Wales differ from those of England only by the addition of a Labell of three points But the proper and peculiar device and which we commonly though corruptly call the Princes Arms is a Coronet beautified with thee Ostrich Feathers and inseimbed round with ICH DIEN that is I serve alluding to that of the Apostle The Heir while he is a Child differeth not from a Servant This Coronet was won by that valiant Prince Edward the black Prince at the battell of Cressie from Iohn King of Bohemia who there wore it and whom he there slew Since which time it hath been the Cognizance of all our Princes I will now shut up my discourse of Wales with that testimony of the people which Henry the 2d used in a Letter to Emanuel Emperour of Constantinople The Welch Nation is so adventurous that they dare encounter naked with armea men ready to spend their blood for their Countrey and pawn their life for praise and adding onely this that since their incorporating with the English they have shewed themselves most loyall hearty and affectionate Subjects of the State cordially devoted to their King and zealous in defence of their Laws Liberties and Religion as well as any of the best of their fellow-subjects whereof they have given good proof in these later times There are in Wales Arch-Bishops 0. Bishops 4. THE BORDERS BEfore we come into Scotland we must of necessity passe thorough that Battable ground lying betwixt both Kingdoms called THE BORDERS the Inhabitants whereof are a kind of military men subtile nimble and by reason of their often skirmishes well experienced and adventurous Once the English Border extended as far as unto the Fryth or Strait of Edenburgh on the East and that of Dunbritton on the West the first Fryth by the Latines called Bodotria and the later Glotta betwixt which where now standeth the Town of Sterling was an atient Bridge built over the River which falleth into the Fryth of Edenburgh on a Cross standing whereupon was writ this Pasport I am Free march as passengers may kenne To Scots to Britans and to Englsh-men But when England groaned under the burden of the Danish oppression the Scots well husbanded that advantage and not onely enlarged their Borders to the Tweed but also took into their hands Cumberland Northumberland and Westmorland The Norman Kings again recovered these Provinces making the Borders of both Kingdomes to be Tweed East the Solway West and the Cheviot hills in the midst Of any great wars made on these Borders or any particular Officers appointed for the defence of them I find no mention till the time of Edward the first who taking advantage of the Scots disagreements about the successor of Alexander the 3d hoped to bring the Countrie under the obedience of England This Quarrell betwixt the two Nations he began but could not end the Wars surviving the Author so that what Vellcius saith of the Romans and Carthaginians I may as well say of the Scots and English for almost 300 yeers together aut bellum inter eos populos aut bâ—lli praeparatio aut infidâ— pax fuit In most of these conflicts the Scots had the worst So that Daniel in his History seemeth to marvail how this Corner of the Isle could breed so many had it bred nothing but men as were slain in these wars Yet in the Reign of Edward the 2d the Scots having twice defeated that unhappy Prince became so terrible to the English Borderers that an hundred of them would fly from three Scots It is a custom among the Turks not to beleeve a Christian or a Iew complayning against a Turk except their accusation be confirmed by the Testimony of some Turk also which seldom hapning is not the least cause why so little Iustice is there done the Christians In like manner it is the Law of these Borderers never to beleeve any Scots complaining against an English-man unless some other English-man will witness for him and so on the
1213. 22 Alexander II. Sonne of William 1250. 23 Alexander III Sonne of Alexander the 2d after whose death dying without any issue An. 1285. began that tedious and bloody Quarrell about the succession of this Kingdom occasioned by sundry Titles and Pretendants to it the principall whereof were Brucâ— and Baliol descended from the Daughters of David Earl of Huntingdon younger Sonne of William and Great Vncle of Alexander the 3d the last of the Male issue of Kenneth the 3d those of neerer Kindred being quite extinct And when the Scots could not compose the difference among themselves it was taken into consideration by King Edward the first of England as the Lord Paramount of that Kingdom who selecting 12 English and as many of the Scots to advise about it with the consent of all adjudged it to Iohn Baliol Lord of Galloway Sonne of Iohn Baliol and Dervorguilla his Wife Daughter of Alan Lord of Galloway and of the Lady Margaret the Eldest Daughter of the said David who having done his homage to the said King Edward was admitted King 1300. 24 Iohn Baliol an English-man but forgetfull both of English birth and English Favours invaded the Realm of England in Hostile manner and was taken Prisoner by King Edward Who following his blow made himself Master of all Scotland which he held during the rest of his life and had here his Chancery and other Courts 6. 1306. 25 Robert Bruce Sonne of Robert Bruce Lord of Annandale Competitor with Baliol for the Crown of Scotland in Right of Isabel his Mother the second Daughter of David Earl of Hunâ—ingdâ—n and consequently a degree neerer to the King deceased than Baliol was though descended from the Elder Sister was crowned King in the life-time of King Edward the first but not fully possessed thereof untill after his death confirmed therein by the great defeat given to Edward the 2d at the fight of Banocksbourn not far from Sterling spoken of before But he being dead Anno 1332. Edward the 3d confirmed the Kingdom onâ— 1332. 26 Edward Baliol Sonne of Iohn Baliol rejected by the Scots for adhering so firmly to the English who thereupon harried Scotland with fire and Sword 10. 27 David Bruce the Sonne of Robert restored unto his Fathers throne by the power of the Scots and a great enemy to the English Invading England when King Edward was at the siege of Calice he was taken Prisoner by Qu. Philip the Wife of that King and brought to Windsor where he was Prisoner for a while with King Iohn of France Released at last on such conditions as best pleased the Conquerour 29. 1371. 28 Robert II. surnamed Stewart King of the Scots by descent from the eldest Sister of David Bâ—uce was extracted also from the antient Princes of Wales as was said before restoring thereby the British blood to the throne of Scotland 1390. 29 Râ—bert III Sonne of Robert the 2d called Iohn before he came to the Crown in which much over-awed by his own brother the Duke of Albanie who had an aim at it for himself 16. 1406. 30 Iames Sonne of Râ—bert the 3d taken prisoner by King Henry the 4th of England as he was crossing the Seas for France to avoid the practices of his Vncle. Restored unto his Country by King â—enry the 5th after 18 years absence he was at last most miserably murdered by the Earl of Athol claiming a right unto that Crown 42. 1448. 31 Iames II. slain by the English at the Siege of Rexborough Castle 24. 1462. 32 Iames III. slain by his own rebellious Subjects 29. 1491. 33 Iames IV. maried Margaret the eldest Daughter of King Henry the 7th but at the soliciting of the French against the Peace between the Nations he invaded England in the absence of King Henry the 8th with 100000 men but was met with by the Earl of Suâ—rey having 26000 men in his Army nigh unto Flodden where he was slain together with two Bishops twelve Earles fourteen Lords and his whole Army routed 23. 1514. 34 James V. Sonne of Iames the 4th and the Lady Margaret kept for a time so good correspondencie with the English that in the year 1536. he was created Knight of the Order of the Garter But afterwards inheriting his Fathers hatred against them he invaded their Borders in the year 1542 and was met by the Lord Wharton then Warden of the West Marches The battells being ready to joyn one S. Oliver Sincleer the Kings favorite though otherwise of no great parentage was by the Kings directions proclamed Generall which the Scotish Nobil ty took with such indignation that they threw down their weapons and suffered themselves to be taken prisoners there being not one man slain one either side The principall prisoners were the Earls of Glencarn and Cassiles the Barons Maxwell Oli hant Somerwell Flemming with divers others besides many of the principall Gentry 28. 1542. 35 Mary the Daughter and onely Lawfully-begotten Child of James the fift succeeded in her Cradle unto the Throne promised in mariage to King Edward the sixt of England but by the power of the Hamiltons carried into France where maried to Francis then Dolphin afterwards King of the French of that name the 2d After whose death she maried Henry Lord Darnly eldest Sonne of Matthâ—w Earl of Lennox Outed of her Dominions by a potent Faction she was compelled to flie into England where after a tedious imprisonment she was put to death in Fothâ—ringhay Castle in Northamâ—tonshire and interred at Peterburg Anno 1586. 1567. 36 JAMES VI. the Sonne of Mary Queen of Scots and of Henry Lord Darnly was crowned King in his Cradle also He maried 〈◊〉 the Daughter of Câ—ristian the 3d King of Deâ—mark was chose of the Order of the Garter Anno 1590. and succeeded Queen Elizabeth in the Realm of England March 24 Anno 1602. And here I cannot omit the prudent foresight of King Henry the 7th who having two Daughters bestowed the Eldest contrary to the mind of his Counsell on the King of Scots and the Younger on the King of the French that so if his own Issue mâ—le should fail and that a Prince of another Nation must inherit England then Scotland as the lesser Kingdom would depend upon England and not England wait on France as upon the greater In which succession of the Scots to the Crown of England the Prophecie of the fatall 〈◊〉 spoken oâ— before did receive accomplishment And so perhaps might that ascribed in the 〈…〉 to an holy Anchoret living in King Egelreds time which is this Englishmen foâ— that they 〈◊〉 them to drunkenness to treason and to rechlessness of Gods house fiâ—st by Danes and theâ— by Normans and the third time by Scots whom they holden least worth of all they shall be overcomâ— Then the World shall be unstable and so diverse and variable that the unstableness of thoughts shall be betokned by many manner diversitie of Clothing For on this union of the kingdoms this
called Princes of the Youth Yet wisely forecasting the dangers incident to himself if they should make their abode in Rome he sendeth them with honourable charge into the Provinces abroad as well to exercise them in feats of War as to take away all cause of faction in the Court and sedition in the City Which mystery of State as it was antiently practised by most Princes so at this day by the Grand Seigneur who alwaies sendeth his eldest sonne unto Amasia as Governour thereof from whence till the death of his Father he never returneth In these journeys dyed the two young Princes a misfortune which AUGUSTUS bare nobly neither banishing grief with a Stoicall Apathy nor spending the time in womanish lamentations Having performed due rights to the dead he adopted his Wives sonne Tiberius A man for the conveniency and ripeness of his age not unfit in feats of Arms not unexpert in humane learning not ignorant but withall suspected to be cruelly given and possessed with the hereditary pride of the Claudian Family A strange medley of vertuous and vicious qualities Tiberius such was the will of his Father to establish the succession with more stayes than one adopted Germanicus his Brother Drusus sonne then commanding over eight Legions in Germany which done he speedeth to his charge in Illyricum This man AUGUSTUS appointed to be his Heir as it was afterwards and not improbably conjectured neither in care to the State nor in love to the party but to win honour to himself and to make the Roman people again wish for him when they should see that infinite disproportion in all royall and Kingly qualities between the old and new Emperors A fetch after imitated by Tiberius in the adoption of Caius Caligula 43 The last though not the least help of the Empires establishment was the long life and reign of our AUGUSTUS as having ruled the State 16 years before and 34 years after his confirmation in the Soveraignty by the Senate and People All the young men in the City were born after the first Decennium of the Monarchy Most of the old men during the Civill Wars Few had seen what was the antient form of Government in the Common-wealth Many did not desire it For at the present enjoying Peace both at home and abroad and hearing what sad and tragicall reports their Fathers made of the former troubles and proscriptions they contented themselves with the new Government as more esteeming a secure and happy subjection than a dangerous and factious liberty By which long time of Empire and the policies already recited besides many others which I can neither learn by relations nor gather by presumptions did AUGUSTUS so firmly settle the Roman Monarchy that it continued some hundred of years without alteration though all his immediate Successors were in a manner Monsters incarnate devils and indeed any thing rather than men Tiberius Cains Claudius Nero Galba Otho and Vitellius both by their own Tyrannies and their Bondmens Extortions would have ruined any Monarchy not founded by AUGUSTVS 44 To speak concerning the domestical affairs of this Emperor is beyond my Theme As either how far he suffered himself to be ordered by his Wife Livia or whether he used variety of women not so much to satisfie a disordinate appetite as by so many women to fish out the secret designs of many men He was too exact a Statesman to be perfect in Souldiery and in all his Wars was prosperous by Fortune rather than by Valour or his Captains Valour than his own The Common-wealth which he found weak and in Rubbish he left Adamantine and invincible In behaviour he was affable and gracious in his discourse sententious to the good of a most sweet disposition to the lewd and dishonest harsh and unpleasant Friendship he contracted with few and that slowly but to them whom he once loved constant and bountifull to the last Finally such a one he was of whom I will only say what I find spoken of Severus It had been an ineffable benefit to the Common-wealth of Rome if either he had never dyed or never been born Thus having drawn the Picture of this puissant and prudent Prince though I confess with too much shadow I now proceed unto the Catalogue of the Roman Emperours in which I shall take notice of such of their Actions only as had relation to the Publick either in the improvement or decrease of their Power and Empire or point to any signall matter which concerns the Church The Roman Emperours 1 Julius Caesar the last of the Dictators and the first of the Emperours in memory of whom the following Emperours were called Caesars till the time of Adrian when it became the title of the heir apparent or designed Successor the first who had it in that sense being Aelius Verus though he lived not to enjoy the Empire 2 C. Octavianus Caesar to whom the Senate gave the name of Augustus who added unto the Roman Empire the Provinces of Noricum Pannonia Rhoetia a great part of Spain and the whole Kingdome of Egypt In his time the Lord CHRIST was born 56. 3 Tiberius Nero the sonne-in-Law of Augustus subdued many of the German Nations and added Galatia and Cappadocia to the Empire In his time CHRIST suffered 23. 4 Caâ—us Caligula sonne of Germanicus sonne of Drusus the brother of Tiberius and of Agrippina Neece to Augustus Caesar by his daughter Julia. 3. 5 Claudius Caesar Uncle to Caligula brother of Germanicus and sonne of Drusus by Antonia Neece to Augustus by his Sister Octavia added Britain and Mauritania to the Roman Empire 13. 6 Domitius Nero son of Aenobarbus and Agrippina daughter to Germanicus the last of the Caesars he made the Celtian Alpes a Province of the Empire and brought the Armeniáns to receive their Kings from the Roman Emperours and was the first that raised any publick persecution against the Christians An. 67. 13. 7 Sergius Galba chosen by the French and Spanish Legions 8 Salvius Otho made Emperour by the Praetorian Souldiers 9 Aul. Vitellius elected by the German Legions 10 Flavius Vespasianus chosen by the Syrian and Iudaean Armies subverted utterly the Common-wealth of the Jews by the valour and prowess of his sonne Titus and brought Achaia Lycia Rhodes Samos Thrace and Syria Comagene under the form of Roman Provinces 9. 11 Titus Vespasianus the fortunate Conqueror of the Jews 12 Fl. Domitianus who raised the second persecution against the Christians An. 96. 15. 13 Nerva Cocceius a noble Senator but no Roman born as all the rest had been before him but not many after him 14 Ulpius Trajanus by birth a Spaniard adopted by Nerva he made Dacia a Province of the Empire carried the Roman Armies over Euphrates subduing Armenia Mesopotamia and Assyria and raised the third Persecution against the Christians An. 110. 19. 15 Aelius Adrianus who utterly exterminated the Jewish Nation and continued the Persecution
which is called Vallage so named as I conceive from the River Vasle 5 Vitrey upon the confluence of the Sault and Marne the chief Town and Balliage of that part which is named Parthois Ager Pertensis in the Latine so called of 6 Perte another Town thereof but now not so eminent 7 Chaumont upon the Marre the chief Town of Bassigni and strengthned with a Castle mounted on a craggie Rock 1544. 9 Rbemes Durocortorum Rhemorum an Arch-Bishops See who is one of the Twelve Peers of France situate on the River of Vasle At this City the Kings of France are most commonly crowned that so they may enjoy the Vnction of a sacred Oil kept in the Cathedral Church hereof which as they say came down from Heaven never decreaseth How true this is may be easily seen in that Gregorie of Tours who is so prodigal of his Miracles makes no mention of it but specially for Argumentum ab autoritate negativè parum valet since the Legend informeth us that this holy Oil was sent from Heaven at the annointing of Clovis the first Christian King of the French Whereas Du. Haillan one of their most judicious Writers affirmeth Pepin the Father of Charles the great to have been their first annointed King and that there was none de la primiere lignee oinct ny Sacre à Rhemes ny alleiurs none of the first or Merovignian line of Kings had been annointed at Rhemes or elsewhere But sure it is let it be true or false no matter that the French do wonderfully reverence this their sacred Oil and fetch it with great solemnity from the Church in which it is kept For it is brought by the Prior sitting on a white ambling Palfrey and attended by his whole Convent the Arch-Bishop hereof who by his place is to perform the Ceremonies of the Coronation and such Bishops as are present going to the Church-dores to meet it and leaving for it with the Prior some competent pawn and on the other side the King when it is brought unto the Altar bowing himself before it with great humility But to return unto the Town it took this name from the Rhemi once a potent Nation of these parts whose chief City it was and now an University of no small esteem in which among other Colleges there is one appointed for the education of young English Fugitives The first Seminarie for which purpose I note this only by the way was erected at Doway An. 1568 A second at Rome by Pope Gregory the 13. A third at Valladolid in Spain by K. Phylip the second A fourth in Lovaine a Town of Brabant and a fifth here so much do they affect the gaining of the English to the Romish Church by the Dukes of Guise 10 Ligni upon the River Sault All these in Belgica Secunda or the Province of Rhemes In that part of it which belonged to Lugdunensis quarta the places of chief note are 1 Sens Civitas Senonum in Antoninus antiently the Metropolis of that Province by consequence the See of an Arch-Bishop also 2 Langres or Civitas Lingonum by Ptolomie called Audomaturum situate in the Confines of Burgundie not far from the Fountain or Spring-head of the Seine the See of a Bishop who is one of the Twelve Peers of France 3 Troys Civitas Tricassium seated on the Seine a fair strong and well traded-City honoured with the title of the Daughter of Paris a See Episcopal and counted the chief of Champagne next Rhemes A City of great note in our French and English Histories for the meeting of Charles the sixth and Henry the fift Kings of France and England in which it was agreed That the said King Henry espousing Catharine Daughter of that King should be proclamed Heir apparent of the Kingdom of France into which he should succeed on the said Kings death and be the Regent of the Realm for the time of his life with divers other Articles best suiting with the will and honour of the Conquerour 4 Provins by Caesar called Agendicum seated upon the Seine in a pleasant Countrie abounding in all fragrant flowers but specially with the sweetest Roses which being transplanted into other Countries are called Provins Roses 5 Meaux seated on the River Marne antiently the chief City of the Meldi whom Plâ—nie and others of the old Writers mention in this tract now honoured with a Bishops See and neighboured by 6 Monceaux beautified with a magnificent Palace built by Catharine de Medices Queen Mother of the three last Kings of the house of Valois 7 Montereau a strong Town on the confluence of the Seine and the Yonne 8 Chastean-Thierri Castrum Theodorisi as the Latines call it situate on the River Marn These five last situate in that part of Champagne which lieth next to France specially so called known of long time by the name of Brie which being the first or chief possession of the Earls of Champagne occasioned them to be sometimes called Earls of Brie and sometimes Earls of Brie and Champagne Add here 9 Auxerre in former time a Citie of the Dukedom of Burgundie but now part of Champagne of which more hereafter And 10 Fontenay a small Town in Auxerrois in the very Borders of this Province but memorable for the great Battel fought neer unto it An. 841. between the Sons Nephews of Ludovicus Pius for their Fathers Kingdoms in which so many thousands were slain on both sides that the forces of the French Empire were extremely weakned and had been utterly destroyed in pursuit of this unnatural War if the Princes of the Empire had not mediated a peace between them alotting unto each some part of that vast estate dismembred by that meanes into the Kingdoms of Italie France Germany Lorrein Burgundie never since brought into one hand as they were before Within the bounds of Champagne also where it lookes towards Lorrein is situate the Countrie and Dutchy of BAR belonging to the Dukes of Lorrein but held by them in chief of the Kings of France The Countrie commonly called BARROIS environed with the two streames of the River Maâ—n of which the one rising in the edge of Burgundie and the other in the Borders of Lorrein do meet together at Chaloas a City of Champagne Places of most importance in it 1 Bar le Duc so called to distinguish it from Bar on the River Seine and Bar upon the River Albâ— a well fortified Town 2 La Motte 3 Ligni 4 Arqu of which nothing memorable but that they are the chief of this little Dukedom A Dukedom which came first to the house of Lorreinâ— by the guiâ—t of Rene Duke of Anjou and titularie King of Naples Sicil c. who succeeded in it in the right of Yoland or Violant his Mother Daughter of Don Pedro King of Aragon and of Yoland or Violant the Heir of Bar and dying gave the same together with the Towns of Lambesque and Orgon to Rene Duke of Lorrein his Nephew by the
their several Blazons I know not on how good autoritie we find in Bara the French Herald The principall of them were Sir Lancelot Sir Tristrum Sir Lamorock Sir Gawin c. all placed at one Round Table to avoid quarrels about priority and place The Round Table hanging in the great Hall at Winchester is falsely called Arthurs Round-Table it being not of sufficient Antiquity and containing but 24 Seats Of these Knights there are reported many fabulous Stories They ended with their Founder and are feigned by that Lucian of France Rablates to be the Ferry-men of Hell and that their pay is a piece of mouldy bread and a phillop on the nose 2 Of S. George called commonly the Garter instituted by King Edward the third to increase vertue and valour in the hearts of his Nobility or as some will in honour of the Countess of Salisburies Garter of which Lady the King formerly had been inamoured But this I take to be a vain and idle Romance derogatory both to the Founder and the Order first published by Polidore Virgil a stranger to the Affairs of England and by him taken up on no better ground than fama vulgi the tradition of the common people too trifling a Foundation for so great a building Common bruit being so infamous an Historian that wise men neither report after it nor give credit to any thing they receive from it But for this fame or common bruit the vanity and improbabilities thereof have been elsewhere canvassed Suffice it to observe in this time and place that the Garter was given unto this Order in testimony of that Bond of Love and Affection wherewith the Knights or Fellowes of it were to be bound severally unto one another and all of them joyntly to the King as the Soveraign of it So saith the Register of the Order in which occurreth not one word of the Ladies Garter affirming that King Edward did so fit the habit into that design Vt omnia ad amcitiam concordiam tendere nemo non intelligat But to return unto the Order there are of it 26. Knights of which the Kings of England are Soveraignes and is so much desired for its excellencie that 8 Emperors 21 forein Kings 22 forein Dukes and Princes besides divers Noble-men of other Countries have been Fellowes of it The Ensign is a blew Garter buckled on the left leg on which these words are imbroydered viz. Honi soit qui mal y pense About their necks they wear a blew Ribband at the end of which hangeth the Image of S. George upon whose day the Installations of the new Knights are commonly celebrated 3 Of the Bath brought first into England 1399 by Henry the fourth They are created at the Coronation of Kings and Queens and the Installation of the Princes of Wales their duty to defend true Religion Widows Maids Orphans and to maintain the Kings Rights The Knights hereof distinguished by a Red Ribband which they wear ordinarily about their necks to difference them from Knights Batchelors of whom they have in all places the Precedencie unless they be also the Sonnes of Noble-men to whom their birth gives it before all Orders 4 Of Baronets an Order instituted by King Iames in the 9th yeer of his Reign for the furtherance of the Plantation of Vister They have Precedency of the Knights of the Baâ—h but not of those of the Garter nor of the younger Sonnes of the Nobility But this being Hereditarie not personall and rather civill than militarie is not so properly to be rancked amongst Orders of Knight-hood There were in England at and since the time of the Reformation Arch-Bishops 2. Bishops 20. WALES WALES is bounded on all sides with the Sea except towards England on the East from which separated by the River Dee and a Line drawn to the River Wie Antiently it extended Eastwards to the River Severn till by the puissance of Offâ— the great King of the Mercians the Welch or Britans were driven out the plain Countries beyond that River and forced to betake themselves to the Mountains where he caused them to be shut up and divided from England by an huge Dich called in Welch Claudh Offa i. e. Offa's Dâ—ke which beginning at the influx of the Wie into the Severn not far from Châ—pstow extendeth 84 miles in length even as far as Chester where the Dee is mingled with the Sea Concerning which Ditch there was a Law made by Harald That if any Welchman was sound with a Weapon on this side of it he should have his right hand cut off by the Kings Officers The name of Wales some derive from Idwallo the Sonne of Cadwallader who with the small remainder of his British Subjects made good the fastnesses of this Countrie and was the first who had the title of King of Wales Others conceive that the name of Welch and Wales was given them by the Saxons who having possessed themselves of all the rest of the Countrie called the Britans who lived here by the name of Walsh which in their Language signifieth as much as Aliens because they differed from them both in Lawes and Language which is the generall Opinion Most probable it is that as the Britans derive their Pedigree from the Galls as before was proved so they might still retain the name and were called Wallish by the Saxons instead of Gallish the Saxons using in most words W. for G. as Warre for Guerre Warden for Guardian and the like And this to be believed the rather because the Frenchmen to this day call the Countrey Galles and the Eldest Sonne of England Le Prince de Galles as also that the Dutch or Germans of whom the Saxons are a part doe call such Nations as inhabit on the skirts of France by the name of Wallons The antient Inhabitants hereof in the time of the Romans before it had the name of Wales were the Siluâ—es possessing the Counties of Hereford Brecknock Radnor Monmouth and Glamorgan all Glocestershire beyond the Severn and the South parts of Worcestershire on the same side also their chief Towns Ariconium now Hereford not reckoned since the time of Offa as a part of Wales Balleum now Buelih in Brecknock Gobannium now Abargevenny in Monmouth Magni now New Radnor in the Countie so named and Bovium now Boverton in Glamorgan 2 The Dimetâ— possessing Cardigan Caermarthen and Pembrokeshires whose chief Towns were Loventium now New Castle in Caermarthen Maridunum or Caermarthen it self and Octopitae where now stands S. Davids by the Welch called Menew whence that Bishop hath the name of Menevensis in Latine 3 The Ordovices inhabiting the Counties of Merioneth Carnarvon Anglesey Denbigh Flint and Montgomery with the North part of Worcestershire beyond the Severn and all Shropshire on the same side of the River Their chief Towns were Segontium now Caer Seont in Carnarvonshire Cononium now Conwey in the same County Bonium where after stood the famous Monastery of Banchor in Flintshire and
the Crown of England by the power of the Sword from the true Heirs of Edmund the 2d surnamed Ironside and that his Successors had enjoyed it by no other Title till Queen Elizabâ—ths death yet Iames the first Monarch of Great Britain succeeded by a right descent from the Saxon Line without relation to the Conquest of the Norman Bastard 8 William the Brother of Malcolm the 4th and Nephew of David before mentioned by his Sonne Prince Henry who died in the life of his Father being taken Prisoner at the Battail of Alnwick did Homage to King Henry the 2d for the Crown of Scotland and was thereupon restored to his Liberty and his Realm to peace What doth occur concerning the succeeding Kings when their Affairs with England and the World abroad became more considerable we shall see anon In the mean time proceed we to the Storie of Machbâ—th than which for variety of Action and strangeness of events I never met with any more pleasing The Storie in brief is thus Duncan King of the Scots had two principall men whom he employed in all matters of importance Machbeth and Banquho These two travelling together through a Forrest were met by three Fairâ—es Witches Weirds the Scots call them whereof the first making obeysance unto Machbeth saluted him Thane a Title unto which that of Earl afterward succeeded of Glammis the second Thane of Cawder and the third King of Scotland This is unequall dealing saith Banquho to give my Friend all the Honours and none unto me to whom one of the Weirds made answer That he indeed should not be King but out of his loyns should come a Race of Kings that should for ever rule the Scots And having thus said they all suddenly vanished Vpon their arrivall to the Court Machbeth was immediatly created Thane of Glammis not long after some new service of his requiring new recompence he was honoured with the title of Thane of Cawder Seeing then how happily the prediction of the three Weirds fell out in the two former he resolved not to be wanting to himself in fulfilling the third and therefore first he killed the King and after by reason of his command among the Souldiers and common people he succeeded in his Throne Being scarce warm in his seat he called to mind the prediction given to his Companion Banqubo whom hereupon suspecting as his supplanter he caused him to be killed together with his whole Posterity Fleance one of his Sonnes escaping only with no small difficulty into Wales Freed as he thought from all fear of Banquho and his issue he built Dunsinan Castle and made it his ordinary seat and afterwards on some new fears consulting with certain of his Wizards about his future Estate was told by one of them that he should never be overcome till Bernane Wood being some miles distant came to Dunsinan Castle and by another that he should never be slain by any man which was born of a woman Secure then as he thought from all future dangers he omitted no kind of libidinous cruelty for the space of 18 yeers for so long he tyrannized over Scotland But having then made up the measure of his Iniquities Mac-duffe the Governor of Fife associating to himself some few Patriots equally hated by the Tyrant and abhorring the Tyrannie privily met one Evening at Bernane Wood and taking every one of them a Bough in his hand the better to keep them from Discovery marched early in the morning towards Dunsinan Castle which they took by Scalado Macbeth escaping was pursued by Mac-duffe who having overtaken him urged him to the combat to whom the Tyrant half in scorn returned this Answer That he did in vain attempt to kill him it being his destinie never to be slain by any that was born of a Woman Now then said Mac-duffe is thy fatall end drawing fast upon thee for I was never born of Woman but violently cut out of my Mothers belly which words so daunted the cruell Tyrant though otherwise a valiant man and of great performances that he was very easily slain and Malcolm Conmor the true Heir of the Crown seated in the Throne In the mean time Fleance so prospered in Wales that he gained the affection of the Princes Daughter of that Countrey and on her begat a Sonne called Walter who flying out of Wales returned into Scotland and his descent once known he was not only restored to the Honours and Estates of his Ancestors but preferred to be Steward of the House of Edgar the Sonne of Malcolm the third surnamed Conmor the name of Stewart growing hence hereditary unto his Posterity From this Walter descended that Robert Stewart who succeeded David Bruce in the kingdom of Scotland the Progenitor of nine Kings of the name of Stewart which have Reigned successively in that kingdom But it is now time to leave off particulars and look into the generall Succession of The Kings of the Scots before the Conquest of the Picts 424. 1 Fergus 2 Eugenius 449. 3 Dongal 4 Constantine 5 Congall 6 Goran 7 Eugenius II. 8 Congall II. 9 Kinnatel 10 Aidan 604 11 Kenneth 12 Eugenius III. 622 13 Ferchard 14 Donald 15 Ferchard II. 16 Malduine 17 Eugenius IV. 18 Eugenius V. 19 Amberkeleth 20 Eugenius VI. 21 Mordac 730 22 Etfinus 23 Eugenius VII 24 Fergus II. 25 Solvathius 26 Achaius 809 27 Congall III. 28 Dongall II. 29 Alpine slain in a Battail by the Picts in pursuit of his quarrell for that kingdom pretended to belong unto him in Right of his Mother Sister and Heir of Hungius the last King thereof 30 Kenneth II. Sonne of Alpine who utterly subdued and destroyed the Picts extending extending thereby the Scotish Kingdom from one Sea to the other over all the bounds of modern Scotland of which deservedly accounted the first Monarch the Founder of the new Succession of The Kings of the Scots after the Conquest of the Picts A. Ch. 839. 1 Kenneth II. the first sole King of all Scotland 17. 856. 2 Donald II. Brother of Kenneth the 2d 862. 3 Constantin II. Sonne of Kenneth the 2d 875. 4 Ethus Brother of Constantin the 2d 890. 5 Donald III. Sonne of Constantin the 2d 903. 6 Constantin III. 30. 933. 7 Malcolm Sonne of Donald the 3d. 949. 8 Iâ—gulph an Intrnder 12. 961. 9 Duffe Sonne of Malcolm 1. 961. 10 Kenneth III. Brother of Duffe 994. 11 Constantin IV. an Intruder against the Law and Line of Kenneth the 3d. 1004. 12 Malcolm II. Sonne of Kenneth the 3d. opposed by Gâ—ime the Nephew of Duffe 1035. 13 Duncan Sonne of Grime succeeded Malcolm the 2d dying without issue 1040. 14 Macbeth the Tyrant and Vsurper 1057. 15 Malcolm III. Sonne of Duncan 2096. 16 Donald IV. surnamed Ban Brother of Malcolm the 3d. 1098. 17 Edgar Sonne of Malcolm the 3d. 1107. 18 Alexander Brother of Edgar 1124. 19 David Brother of Alexander 1133. 20 Malcolm Sonne of David 1166. 21 William Brother of Malcolm the 4th
right of Margaret his wife but after a long and bloudy war forced to go without it 1508 22 Ludovicus IV. son of Philip. 1544 23 Frederick II. brother of Lewis the fift who first introduced the Reformed Religion into the Palatinate 1556 24 Otho-Henry son of Rupertus the Brother of Frederick and Lewis the last of the direct line of this house of Bavaria 1559 25 Frederick III. Duke of Simmeren descended from Stephen Palatine of Zweybruck or Bipont younger son of the Emperour Rupert succeeded on the decease of Otho-Henry without issue 1576 26 Ludovicus V. son of Frederick the third a munificent benefactour to the University of Heidelberg 1483 27 Frederick IV. son of Lewis the fift married Ludoriea or Loise daughter of William and sister of Maurice Princes of Orange 1610 28 Frederick V. married the Princesse Elizabeth daughter of James King of Great Britain In danger of being proscribed for demolishing the works of Vdenheim he accepted the Crown of Bohemia but worsted at the battle of Prague and warred upon by the Bavarian and the Spaniard he lost both that and his own native Estates and Dignities of which deprived by Ferdinand the prevailing Emperour the Lower Palatinate being assigned over to the King of Spain the Vpper Palatinate with the Electorall dignity to the Duke of Bavaria Restored to the possession of the most part of his Country by the power of the Swedes he dyed at Mentz November 19. 1632. 1632 29 Charles Ludovick the heir both of his Fathers Estates and misfortunes too not yet admitted to his honours contrary to the fundamentall constitutions of the Empire by which the sons of the Electours and other Princes are not involved in the guilt of their Fathers offences but in fair hopes to be restored thereto in part by the Pacifications made at Munster this present year 1648. which I pray God to prosper for the peace of afflicted Christendome The Religion of this Country hath much varied since the first Reformation established by Frederick the second according to the forme and doctrine of the Confession of Auspurg the doctrine and discipline of Calvin being introduced by Frederick the third the Lutherans formes restored again by Lewis or Ludovick the fift after his death exchanged by Frederick the fourth for that of Calvin as more conducing to the ends of some needy Statists who could not otherwise raise their fortunes then by invading the Tithes and Glebe and other poor remainders of the Churches Patrimony Of which the Clergie being universally deprived throughout this Country and reduced to miserable short stipends by the name of a Competency became so contemptible and neglected by all sorts of men that at the last the Church of the Palatinate was in the same condition with the Church of Israel under the reign of Ieroboam when Priests were made out of the meanest of the people And for the Government of their Churches though moulded to the Genevian plat-form as neer as might be yet were those Princes loath to leave too much power in the hands of the Elderships and therefore did appoint some superiour officers to have an eye on them whom they called Inspectores Praepositos their power being much the same with that of the particular Superintendent amongst the Lutherans and over them a standing Consistory consisting of three Ministers and as many Counsellers of State of the Princes nominating who in his name were to take care of all things which concerned the Church A temperament for which they were beholding to Erastus a Doctour of Physick in the University of Heidelberg who made this Pill to purge Presbytery of some Popish humours which secretly lay hid in the body of it But this whole modell is now changed and the Religion of the Church of Rome restored in most parts of the Country since the conquest of it by the Spaniard none being publickly authorized and allowed but that But to return again to the Civill State and the Concernments of these Princes The Palsgrave hath many prerogatives above the Electours of either sort He taketh place of the Duke of Saxony and Marquesse of Brandenburg because Henry the Palatine was descended of Charles the great for which cause he is also in the vacancy of the Empire Governour of the Western parts of Germany in which office he had power to alienate or give offices to take fealty and homage of the subjects and which is most to fit in the Imperiall Courts and give judgment of the Emperour himself And look whatsoever shall in the vacancy of the Empire be by the Palatines enacted that the new Emperours are bound by Oath to confirme and ratifie The Revenues of these Princes were conceived to be about 100000 l. per annum nor could they be supposed at lesse the silver Mines about Amberg onely in the upper Palatinate yeelding 60000 Crownes a yeer and the passage of one Bridge over the Rhene about 20000 Crowns more besides the demeasne Lands and the Lands of the Church incorporated since the Reformation into their Estate The Armes hereof are Diamond a Lyon Topace Armed and Crowned Ruby 4. ALSATIA ALSATIA or ELSATS as the Dutch call it is bounded on the East with the Rhene which parteth it from the Marquisate of Baden and some part of Schwaben on the West with the Mountain Vauge or Vogesus which separateth it from Lorrain on the North with the Palatinate on the South where it groweth very narrow with a point of Switzerland A Country for the pleasantnesse and fertilitie of it inferiour to none in Germanie called therefore Elsats as some think quast Edelsats that is to say a noble Seat derived more probably by others from the river Ill the only River of note in all this tract and called so quasi Ill-sats the seat or situation on the River Ill. It is divided generally into the Lower and higher to which the Countrie called Sungow may come in for a third The LOWER ALSATIA is that which bordereth on the Palatinate so called because further off from the Mountains and down the water in respect of the course of the Rhene A Countrie so aboundantly fruitfull in wine and corn with which it furnisheth some parts of Germaâ—y and not a few of the neighbour Countries that it is generally called Germaniae nutrix or the 〈◊〉 of Germanie by Winphelegius the Epitome or Abstract of it Chief towns therein are 1 Strasburg so called from the multitude of Streets the Dutch call them Strats anciently Argentoratum and then Argentina from the Roman Exchequer or Receipt here kept in the time of their greatnesse or from some Mines of silver which were found about it A stately rich and populous Citie well storâ—d with publick garners and cellars of wine against times of dearth Situate on the two Rivers Ill and Brusch where they both fall into the Rhene by which and by the helps of Art very strongly fortified designed from the first foundation for a Town of war this being another of
head thereof 3 Rotenbourg on the East side of the Inn bordering on Bavaria 4 Traunshaim upon the river Traun rising out of the Lakes 5 Wildesmet one of the farthest Northwards and 6 Bishops-stoffe one of the most Southern in all this tract The first Inhabitants of Bavaria excluding the District of Saltsburg were the Vindelici as aforesaid a people so resolvedly bent to maintain their freedome against the incroachments of the Romans that when Drusus the son-in-law of Augustus and father of Germanicus Caesar made war upon them the very women thereof took the alarm deficientibus telis infantes in ora militum adversa miserunt and when their darts were spent threw their young infants saith the Historian at the heads of the Romans After them in the declining of the Empire succeeded the Bojarians some of the many tribes of the Boji the most diffused and the multitudinous nation of Gaul and Germanie Originally of Gaul inhabiting in the Dukedom of Bourbon from whence some of them passed with the Senones and others of the Gauls to the further side of the Alps in respect of them where they tooke up the Countrie near the head of the Po. Wearied with long wars against the Romans and by them deprived of half their Country some of them passed into Germanie and mingled themselves with the Taurisci then dwelling in those parts which we now call Stiermark others advancing further thrust themselves into the Norici of whom more anon and some retired themselves into the shelters and fast places of the Hircinian Forrest Driven from this last by the Marcomanni they fell into the countries of the Hermaâ—duri and Norisci now the Vpper Palatinate who mingling into one Nation with them took the name of Bojarians and by that name first known in the time of Clovis the fift King of the French by whose perswasion in the 17 year of Anastasius Emperor of the East they passed over the Danow and possessed themselves of Vindelicia or the second Rhaetia with some part of Noricum to which they gave the name of Bojaria as before was signified Governed first by Kings as all Nations were of whom we meet with none but Aldigerius and he the last of that race slain fighting on the side of the Almans against the French at the great battell of Zulp near Colen after which made subject to the Conquerours as their neighbours and confederates the Almans were but suffered to live under the command and government of their own Princes by the name of Dukes Of these from Theudo the son of Aldigerius to Tassilo the last Duke outed of his estate and honours by Charls the Great for conspiring with the Lombards against him are reckoned fifteen Dukes in all whose names for there remaineth little of them but the emptie names we shall subjoine in the ensuing Catalogue of the DUKES of the BOJARIANS 493 1 Theodo son of Adalgerius the last King from whose younger brother Vtilo descended Pâ—pin the Father of Charls the Great 511 2 Theodo II. surnamed the Great 537 3 Theodebert 4 Theodo III. the first Christian Prince of the Bojarians 565 5 Tassilo son of Theodebert 598 6 Garibaldus 612 7 Theodo IV. 630 8 Tassilo II. 650 9 Theodo V. 10 Theodebert II. 11 Theodo VI. son of Grimoldus the brother of Theodebert the second 708 12 Grimold 13 Hugobert brother of Grimold 735 14 Vtilo 765 15 Tassilo III. the last Duke of the Bojarians Of whom more anon Amongst these few of any note but 1 Theodo the first son of Adalgerius who abandoning the name of King because lesse pleasing to the French who had newly conquered them assumed that of Duke and passing over the Danow extorted the whole Province of Rhaetia secunda with part of Noricum from the Romans anno 508. or thereabouts 2 Theodo the second named the Great for his great and many victories against the Romans whom he outed of all Noricum and Vindelicia and whatsoever they held on the Dutch side of the Alps. 3 Theodo the 3. of that name and the 4. in number of the Dukes converted with his people to the Christian Faith by the preaching of Rupertus before mentioned anno 580. 4 Tassilo the 3. of that name and the last of their Dukes of the race of Adalgerius or of the old Bojarian bloud who being deposed by Charls the Great the whole countrie became immediately subject to the French governed at first by their Lieutenants Dismembred from the French Empire by Lewis the Godly it was made a Kingdom Pannonia being added and united to it by whom conferred on Lotharius his eldest son who was afterwards Emperour of the Romans after his death possessed by the Kings of Germanie but as a distinct Kingdom both in name and title till the decease of Lewis the son of Arnulph the last of the direct line of Charls the Great He being dead and the Bavarians loth to be made a subject Province to the Kingdome of Germanie one Arnulph of the issue of the said Charls with the generall liking of the Bojarians took upon himself the title of King but being opposed therein by Conrade the brother of Lewis Emperour and King of Germanie as also by Henry the first who succeeded he changed the title of King into that of Duke the Founder of the present house of The DUKES of BAVARIA 1 Arnulph of the house of Charls the Great first Duke of Bavaria 2 Eberhard son of Arnulph deposed by Otho the 1. 3 Berchthold the brother of Arnulph confirmed in the estate by the said Emperour Otho After his death this Dukedome was transferred for 17 successions from one great Familie to another according to the power and pleasure of the present Emperour in manner following 4 Henry brother of Otho the 1. 5 Henry II. son of the former Henry 6 Henry III. surnamed the Saint son of Henry the 2. the first Emperour who came in by election according to the Order made by Pope Gregory the 5. 7 Henry IV. surnamed Hezzel brother to Cunegund the renowned wife of Henry the Saint by whom preferred to this Dukedom and by him deposed 8 Henry Guelph son of Robert Earl of Altorfe in Schwaben of the strange Originall of which Familie we shall speak in Saxonie made Duke by the Emperour Conrade the 2. 9 Guelpho son of Henry Guelph or Henry the 5. 10 Ernest created Duke hereof by the same Conrade the 2. by whom deposed again for conspiring against him 11 Henry VI. 12 Cuno accused of conspiracie and displaced by Henry the 3. to make room for 13 Henry VII son of the said Emperour Henry the 3. whom he succeeded in the Empire by the name of Henry the 4. 14 Agnes the mother of the said Henry the 4. by the gift of her son 15 Otho by the gift of the Emperesse Agnes deposed not long after by Henry the 4. 16 Welpho III. son of Coniza the daughter of Guelph the 2 by Azon an Italian Marquesse madâ— Duke
last being an estate in Lorrain accrewing to them by the marriage of a fourth Philip the fift in name and order of the house of Lichteberg with Margaret sole daughter and heir of Ludovick the last Earl thereof Betwixt the Counties of Nassaw and Hanaw on both sides of the River Lou lies the Earldome of SOLMS the first Earl whereof of whom there is any good Constat was Henry honoured with this title anno 1220. But being I finde them in the Catalogue of the Counts Imperiall made before that time I must conclude them to be ancienter then the date aforesaid though that sufficient to ennoble a far greater Family By the marriage of Conrade the ninth from Henry first with Elizabeth one of the daughters of William of Nassaw Prince of Orange and after with the widow of the Earl of Egmond they came to be of such Authority amongst the Netherlands as to be priviledged with a place and suffrage in the Councell of the States Generall there settled at the present in their greatest honour especially since the marriage of Henry of Nassaw Prince of Orange with a daughter of Earl Conrade by his second wife the mother of William of Nassaw now Prince of Orange and husband to the Princesse Mary the eldest daughter of Great Britain But besides their Estates there they are possessed in this tract of 1 Branufels which gives title to the first branch of the house of Solms 2 Croneberg the possession of the second branch of this Family and 3 Solms on the north side of the Lou the root of both Of the Imperiall Cities in this Confederation the first is Friberg called for distinction sake Friberg in Wederaw to difference it from another Town of that name in Brisgow situate in the midle of delicious and most fruitfull elds and memorable for the stout resistance which it made to Adolphus of Nassaw at that time Emperour who when he could not get it by force or famine obtained it by fraud and put to death no lesse then 40 of chief Nobility whom he found in the Castle So hated for that bloody fact that he was shortly after deprived of the Empire and slain in fight by Albert of Austria his Competitor The second of the two is Wetzelaer seated on the Lou where it meets with the Dille which rising neer Dillengberg a town of the Earl of Nassawes doth here lose its name into the greater A town Imperiall confederate with Frideberg and the Princes before mentioned for maintaining their common liberties and the Religion publickly professed amongst them being that of the Reformed Churches of Calvins Platform 10. FRANCONIA FRANCONIA or FRANKENLAND is bounded on the East with the Vpper Palatinate and part of Voitland on the West with the Confederates of Wederaw and part of the Rhene on the north with Hassia and Thuringia and on the south with the Palatinate of the Rhene and some part of Schwaben so called from the French Franci or Francones in whose possession it was when they were first known unto the Romans the Residence of their Dukes or Princes in this noble Province appropriating the name unto it Called also Francia Orientalis to difference it from the Realm of France which lay more towards the West The Country on the out-parts overgrown wholly in a manner with woods and forrests and environed almost with Mountains parts of the old Hercinian Wolds is within pleasant plain and fruitfull sufficiently plentifull both of corn and wines but abundantly well stored with Rape and Licoras and yeilding good pasture for Cattell so that we may compare it to a fine piece of Cloth wrought about with a course list or an excellent fine piece of Lawn with a canvasse Selvage Chief Rivers of it are 1 The Main or Moenus which running thorow the midst of it is received into the Rhene below Frankfort 2 The Sala whence the adjoyning French had the name of Salii and Conrade Emperour of the Germans the surname of Salicus 3 Radiantis 4 Sinna 5 Tubero 6 Aestus c. The People of it are ingenious patient of labour strong of body and very industrious not suffering any to be idle that can earn his living of what sort soever The off-spring of the ancient French who having over-mastered Gaul and the parts adjoyning left here the seminary of their strength and a stock of their antient Princes Marcomir brother of Pharamond the first King of the French governing in these parts as Duke and leaving the estate and title unto his posterity The catalogue of which Princes take in order thus The PRINCES of the FRANKES and DUKES of FRANCONIA of the old FRENCH Race A. Ch. 326 1 Genebaldus the son of Dagobert descended from the old Regal stock of the Sicambri united with other Dutch nations about 60 or 70 yeers before in the name of Frankes having subdued those parts which lay towards the River Moenus became the first Prince of the Eastern Frankes or Lord of Francia Orientalis 356 2 Dagobert the sonne of Genebaldus who added the District of Triers unto his Estates 377 3 Clodovaeus or Ludovicus the sonne of Dagobert 398 4 Marcomir the sonne of Clodovaeus who extended his Dominion Eastwards towards Bavaria and Bohemia 402 5 Pharamund or Waramund the sonne of Marcomir the first of this line which took unto himself the title of King of the French on the assuming whereof aiming at matters of more importance he left Franconia or East-France with the Title of Duke to his brother Marcomir 419 6 Marcomir the brother of Pharamund 423 7 Prunmesser by some called Priamus the son of Marcomir 435 8 Genebaldus II. the son of Prunmesser 455 9 Sunno the son of Genebald the second 478 10 Clodomirus or Luitomarus the son of Sunno 515 11 Hygobaldus the son of Clodomir who became a Christian and added Wormes and Mentz unto his Estates 541 12 Helenus by some called Hermericus a Christian also who passing over the Rhene subdued that tract bordering betwixt Triers and Lorrain which the Dutch call Westerich 571 13 Gotofridus the son of Helenus a Christian also but not able to perswade his people to the same belief 595 14 Genebaldus III. the son of Gotofrede 615 15 Clodomir II. the son of Genebald the third 638 16 Heribert the Nephew of Clodomir the second 668 17 Clodovaeus or Clovis II. the Cousin-german of Heribert 680 18 Gosbertus the son of Clovis the second 706 19 Gosbertus II. the son of Gosbert the first 720 20 Hetavus the son of Gosbert the second the last Duke of Franconia of this line Who dying without issue male anno 740. bequeathed it at his death to Pepin who afterwards was King of France Father of Charles the great according to a former contract made between those Princes and Charles no sooner had it in his possession but he bestowed the greatest part of it on Burchard the first Bishop of Wurtzburg anno 752. made Bishop of that City by Boniface Arch-bishop of Mentz
the first Apostle of this People but a yeer before The Bishops of Wurtzburg by this grant were possessed hereof as long as any of the house of Charls the Great did possesse the Empire But his posterity failing in the person of Conrade anno 910. Otho the first who next but one succeeded Conrade invested Conrade husband to Luitgardis his daughter with this Country giving him withall the title of Duke of Francony Four Princes of this house possessed it that is to say this Conrade surnamed Salicus and after him three Henries father son and nephew successively enjoying the Imperiall dignity by the name of Henry the third fourth and fift This Henry the last Prince of the male line of Conrade dying without issue Franconia fell to Frederick Barbarossa Duke of Schwaben as next heir to Henry by the Lady Agnes his Sister married to Frederick the Antient Duke of Schwaben the grand-father of Barbarossa But that house being also extinct in the person of Conradine anno 1268. and no one heir pretending to the rights thereof the Bishops of Wurtzburg challenged it on the former grant content to let some great ones have a part of the spoil that he and his successours might enjoy the rest By means whereof it came to be divided betwixt the Bishops of Wurtzburg Bamberg Mentz the Electour Palatine of the Rhene for antiently the Palatinate and the Bishoprick of Mentz were but parts of Frankenland the Marquesse of Onolsbach the Earls of Swartzenberg Henneberg and Hohenloe and as many of the Free or Imperiall Cities as are seated in it Thus every one did gather sticks when the great Oak fell the title of Duke of Francony remaining notwithstanding to the Bishops of Wurtzburg 1. WVRTZBVRB the Metropolis of Franconia the seat and residence of the Bishop who is Titulary Duke hereof is situate on the Mein or Moenus in a pleasant plain environed with Meadowes gardens and fruitfull mountains and very well fenced with walls trenches bulwarks and other Arts of modern fortification well peopled and for the most part handsomely and neatly built Passing over the Bridge built of free stone on many large and spacious Arches you come unto a fair and pompous though ancient Castle the ordinary dwelling of the Bishop and yet so strong that the many vain attempts of the Boores and Citizens apt to pick quarrells with their Prince made it thought impregnable to which the situation of it on the top of an hill added some advantage but it proved â—erwise when besieged by the King of Sweden anno 1631. who after a short but stout resistance took it by assault Other townes of most note which belong to the Bishops of Wurtzburg are 2 Forchein where it is said that Pontius Pilate was born 3 Gemand at the meeting of the Meine and the Sal or Sala 4 Chronac 5 Staphelstein 6 Hockstad of which little memorable But to return unto the Bishop as chief Lord of all he is called in the refined Latine of these times Herbipolitanus but commonly Wurtziburgensis differing in sound but not in sense For Wurtzburg is no other then a town of Worts situate amongst plants and gardens as before is said and Herbipolis made up out of severall languages doth signifie no more then a City of Herbs By whom the Episcopall See was here first erected and how the Bishops hereof came to be intituled unto their Estates hath been shewn already The manner how the new Bishop is admitted and the old interred may be worth our knowledge On the decease of the former Bishop the Lord Elect attended with a great train of horse is to make his entrance Assoone as coming within the Gates he alights off his horse and putteth off his robes and being attired in a poor and despicable habit begirt about with a rope bare-headed also bare-footed he is conducted by the Earls of Henneberg Custel Wortheim and Reineck to S. Saviours Church being his Cathedrall The Dean and Canons there meeting him ask him what he would have to which he modestly replyeth that though unworthy he is come to discharge the office unto which he is called Then the Dean thus I admit thee in the name of this whole Chapter committing to thy care this Church of Saint Saviours and the Dukedome thereunto belonging in the name of the Father Son and holy Ghost Which done he putteth on his Episcopall habi â—yeth Masse and from thence passeth to his Castle where he gives entertainment to all the Company The living Bishop thus invested proceed we next unto the buriall of the dead whose body being embowelled is kept in the Chappell of the Castle his heart preserved in a vessell of glasse The next day he is carried to the Monastery of Saint James holding a Crozier Staffe in his right hand and a sword in his left buried with which the next day after in the Church of S. Saviour As for the Revenues of the Bishop they must needs be great the Bishop hereof in the time of Charles the fift compounding for his peace with Albert Marquesse of Brandenbourg at the price of 220000 Crownes in ready money and entring into bond to pay all his debts which amounted to 350000 Crownes in ready money and entring into bond to pay all his debts which amounted to 350000 Crowns more by which we may partly guess at the richnesse of his Exchequer and partly at the greatness of his Intrado 2. The second great Lord of Franconie is the Bishop of BAMBERG a City seated on the Mein not far from Wurtzburg the little River Regnite falling there into it supposed by Mercator to be the Granionarium of Ptolemy and to have took this new name from the hill Baba so called from Baba daughter of Otho Duke of Saxon and wâ—â—e of Aâ—bert 〈◊〉 Earl hereof upon which it is situate the right name being Babemberg remember that Bâ—g in Dutch signifieth an Hill and contractedly Bamberg A City delectably seated amongst mountaines and pleasant gardens and in a soil exceeding fruitfull of all necessaries and yeelding Liquorice in great plenty the birth-place of Joachimus Camerarius one of the great lights of Germany and a See Episcopall the Bishop of which is exempt from the power of his Metropolitan subject immediately to the Pope and Lord of many fair towns and territories in this Countrey but much diminished since the time of Charles the fift the Bishop thereof then being giving to Marquesse Albert above mentioned for a cessation from arms anno 1530. no lesse then 60 of his Lordships most of which fall unto the share of the Marquesse of Onaldsbach besides the tutelage or Guardianship of his Wards and Clients Of those which are remaining in the hands of the Bishops the principall are 1 Gragingliac 2 Schleistat 3. The third great Lord to be considered is the Marquesse of Onaldsbach or Ansbach who is Master of no small part of this Countrey but his Estate as those of the other German Princes confused and intermixt with
in their own language doe call themselves Zechians After his death the State relapsed again into a confused Anarchie till the yeer 670. at what time not respecting the Progeny of Zechius the founder of their Common-wealth and first estate they fastned upon Crocus a man of good esteem amongst them and elected him to be their Duke Crocus vir justus magnae apud Bohemos opinionis Princeps electus est as Bertholdus telleth us Crocus being dead the Bohemians elected Libussa his youngest daughter and of her government soon wearied they made choice of Primislaus for their Prince and made him husband to Libussa A man taken from the Plough as their stories tell us to espouse the Princesse it being ordered and agreâ—â— on by her many Suiters that he whosoever he was before whom an horse purposely let loose did first make a stand should be the Husband of the Lady and have the government of the State The Horse first makes a stand before Primislaus being then at plough having perhaps some Mare in his Teeme and he accordingly is received and admitted their Prince These with the other Dukes from the time of Crocus the first Legislator of the Bohemians take in order thus The DUKES of BOHEMIA 1 Crocus the Law-giver or Lycurgus of Bohemia 2 Libussa youngest daughter to Crocus with Primislaus her husband a second Quinctius Founder of Prague 3 Neramislaus sonne of Primislaus and Libussa 4 Mnoatha one of the sonnes of Neramislaus Cotemporary with Charls the Great 5 Voricius sonne of Mnatha 6 Wenceslaus 7 Bela. 8 Nastricius sonne of Bela. 9 Bozzivoius the first Christian Prince of the Bohemians Contemporarie with the Emperour Arnulph 10 Sbitignaeus sonne to Bozzivoius 11 Vladislaus brother to Sbitignaeus 12 Wenceslaus II. surnamed the Saint slaine by his brother Boleslaus 13 Boleslaus a wicked and ungodly Prince 14 Boleslaus II. sonne of the former a great advancer of Christianty amongst hiâ— people 15 Boleslaus III. one of the sonnes of Boleslaus the second 16 Jaromir sonne to Boleslaus the third 17 Vdalricus brother of Boleslaus the third and Uncle of Jaromir 18 Predislaus sonne to Vdalricus 19 Sbitignaeus II. sonne to Predislaus 1061 20 Vratislaus brother of Sbitignaeus whom for his manifold deferts the Emperour Henry the 4. created the first King of Bohemia anno 1608. whose Successors take thus out of Bertholdus and Dubravius The KINGS and DUKES of BOHEMIA A. Ch. 1086 1 Vratislaus the brother of Spitignaeus Duke of Bohemia was by Henry the 4. at Metz created King 2 Conrade brother to Vratislaus notwithstanding that his brother had 3 sons was elected Duke of Bohemia 3 Brecislaus son to Vratislaus the two sons of Conrade being rejected is by the Bohemians chosen Duke 1100 4 Borivorius the 4. son of Brecislaus is chosen by the Bohemians his eldest brothers then all living 1109 5 Sutopulcus Cousin german to Borivorius by the consent and favour of the people deposed Borivorius and caused himself to be elected in his place 6 Vladislaus II. brother to Borivorius preferred by the people to the throne before Otho the brother and Henry the son of Sutopulcus the last Prince 7 Sobeslaus brother to Vladislaus promoted to the State before the sonne of Vladislaus 1159 8 Vladislaus III. son of Vladislaus the 2. the four sons of Sobeslaus omitted is chosen and crowned the second King of Bohemia by Frederick the Emperour but deposed by the States because he was not by them formerly elected according to their priviledges and customs 9 Vldericus the third son of Sobeslaus his elder brethren yet living was by the people elected in the room of Vladislaus and his son Frederick whom the Emperour Frederick had by force established in the throne 10 Sobeslaus II. second son to Sobeslaus was by Frederick above named expelled and he also by the Bohemians 11 Conrade Grandchild to Otho the brother of Sutopulcus elected by the Bohemiam in place of Frederick between which two Princes there was continuall war 12 Wenceslaus Uncle unto Conrade and son of Otho aforesaid was preferred before many nearer the succession Him Primislaus expelled but fearing his return quitted Prague 13 Henry Bishop of Prague a stranger to the bloud was by a generall consent elected Duke 14 Vladislaus IV. brother to Primislaus the son of Wenceslaus being put by succeeded Henry and soon after resigned 1199 15 Primislaus elected by the Bohemians and by the Emperour Philip crowned the 3. King of Bohemia at Mentz was brother to Vladiâ—laus the 4. 1248 16 Ottocarus notwithstanding that Winceslaus his elder brother had been crowned in his Fathers life time was acknowledged King He was slain in battle by Rodolphus the Emperour 1278 17 Wencesâ—aus II. son to Ottocarus 1284 18 Wenceslaus III. sonne to Wenceslaus the last of the Bohemian Princes of the masculine race 1304 19 Rodolphus son to the Emperour Albertus is by the potencie of his Father and the election of the States seated on the Throne being otherwise a stranger to the bloud-royall of Bohemia 1305 20 Henry Duke of Carinthia husband to Anne the second daughter of Wenceslaus the 2. is chosen by the Bohemians but being weary of his Government they elect John Earl of Luxenbourg Finally Henry was murdered by one of his Nephews 1311 21 John Earl of Luxenbourg sonne to Henry the 7. Emperour and husband to Elizabeth youngest daughter to Wenceslaus the 2. is elected the Lady Anne yet living 1346 22 Charls sonne to John and Emperour of that name the 4. the Author of the Golden Bull. 1362 23 Wenceslaus IV. Emperour also in whose time the troubles of the Hussites and the valour of Zisca was famous 1418 24 Sigismund brother to Wenceslaus maketh himself King by force and at his death commendeth Albertus Duke of Austria the huband of his daughter Elizabeth unto the States of the Kingdom 1437 25 Albertus Duke of Austria elected upon the commendation of Sigismund by the Bohemian Lords 1440 26 Ladislaus son to Albert who being the brother of two sisters commended yet one George Pogibrachius unto the States as fittest to succeed him 1458 27 George Pogibrachius neither by affinity or consanguinity of the bloud succeeded And he though he had three sons yet for the benefit of his Country he advised the Nobles after his death to elect their King from Poland 1471 28 Ladislaus II. son to Casimire King of Polvnd and to Elizabeth the younger daughter of Albert Duke of Austria the issue of Anne the elder sister still living elected King of Bohemia 1516 29 Ludovicus son to Ladislaus elected and crowned by the means of his Father then living King of Hungary also 1526 30 Ferdinand Archduke of Austria brother to Charls the 5. and husband to Anne sister to Ludovicus by his letters reversall acknowledged that he was chosen King of Bohemia not of any right but of meer free-will according to the liberties of that Kingdome 1565 31 Maximilian eldest son of Ferdinand was in his Fathers life time and at his
suit elected King anno 1540. into which he actually succeeded on his Fathers death 1575 32 Rodolphus Emperour of Germanie and eldest son to Maximilian elected King 1608 33 Matthias brother to Rodolphus was at the joint suit of them both nominated and appointed King of Bohemia by the generall consent of the States during his brothers life time anno viz. 1608. which denomination they both protest in their letters reversall should not be to the prejudice of the liberties and ancient customs of that kingdom 1618 34 Ferdinand II. Archduke of Austria of the house of Grats was by Matthias adopted for his son and declared Successour to the Crown of Bohemia but never formally and legally elected for which cause amongst others he was by the States rejected in like case as Vladislaus the 3. had formerly been 1619 35 Frederick Electour Palatine the strongest German Prince of the Calvinists and most potent by his great alliances was elected King of Bohemia and crowned at Prague together with his wife on the 5 day of November This Prince derived his descent from the Lady Sophia sister to Ladislaus the 2. King of Poland and Bohemia and married Elizabeth daughter to James King of Great Britain and Anne of Denmark which Anne descended from the Lady Anno daughter of Albertus of Austria and elder sister to Elizabeth mother to Ladislaus the 2. above named from whom the claim of Austria is derived 1621 35 Ferdinand III. son of Ferdinand the 2. elected King of Bohemia during the life both of his Father and of Frederick the Prince Electâ—ur also after whose death he succeeded in this kingdome both in right and fact King of Hungarie also Archduke of Austria and Emperour of Germanie now living anno 1648. more moderate in his Counsels then his Father Ferdinand and more inclinable to peace though honoured with a more signall victorie against the Swedes in the battell of Norlingen then his Father was in all his life which the Conclusions made at Munster are sufficient proof of Of the Revenues Arms and other things which concern this Kingdom we shall speak hereafter when we have took a view of the rest of the Provinces which are incorporated into it 2 MORAVIA is bounded on the East with Hungarie on the West with Bohemia on the North with Silesia and on the South with the lower Austria and the river Teia fenced on the West by the Woods and Mountains of Bohemia parts of the Hireynian Forrest on the North by some spurs or branches of it called Ascibuâ—gius by Ptolemie on the two other sides open like an half moon or semi-circle The most fruitfull place of corn in all Germanie and hath no small store of Frankincense which contrarie to the nature of it groweth not on a tree but out of the earth and that too which addes much to the miracle if Dubravius do report it rightly in the shape and figure of those parts which men and women do most endevour to conceal The former inhabitants of this Province were the Marcomanni and part of the Quadi against whom when M. Antonius the Emperour made war he had unawares run himself into such a straight that his army was environed with Mountains one way and enemies the other To this as calamities seldom go alone was added the extraordinary heat and drought then being To the Emperor thus put to his plunges came the Captain of his Guard telling him that he had in his army a legion of Christians Melitens he calleth them which by prayer to their own God could obtain any thing The Emperour sendeth for them desiring them to make supplication for the Army which they did and God almighty that never turneth a deaf ear to the prayers of his servants when they are either for his glory the Churches or their own good scattered and vanquished the Quadi with thundershot and artillery from heaven and refreshed the faint and dying Romans with many a gentle and pleasing showre This miracle purchased to that legion the surname of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. the thunderer and induced the Emperour to honour men of that holy profession and to make an end of the fourth persecution A. Ch. 174. Thus Xiphilinus hath it in his Dion which coming from the pen of an Heathen as his Author was is of more credit in a matter of such concernment un to Christianity then if it had proceeded from Socrates Sozomen or any other Ecclesiasticall Writer Places of most note herein are 1 Olmunts on the River Marck or Mora the chief town of the Countrie and a small Universitie near which out of the hill Odenberg bordering on Silesia springeth the great river of Odera whose course we have before described 2 Brinn on the river Schwats the seat of the ancient Marquesses 3 Radisch and 4 Cremser both upon the Marck or Mora. 5 Zwaim on the Teia 6 Niclasberg Mons Nicolai in the Latine bordering on the Lower Austria 7 Iglaw 8 Newberg 9 Weiskorchem 10 Boserlitz of which little memorable 11 Gradisco near to which and to this place onely the Frankincense is found to grow in the shape and forme before mentioned The old Inhabitants hereof as before is said were the Marcomanni and the Quadi after them that Tribe or Nation of the Sclaves who from their habitation on the river Mora called themselves Moravians and the Country which they dwelt in by the name of Moravia the Dutch call it Merheren Extended at that time over all the Lower Austria to the banks of the Danow on the South and as far as to the river Tibiscusâ— over spreading a great part of the Vppet Hungarie towards the East Governed at the first by their own Kings the first whose name occurs being Raslai in the time of the Emperour Lewis the Godly by whom taken Prisoner and his Realm made Tributarie to the Empire After him succeeded Harmodurus and then Suantopulcus in whose time the Moravians and other Nations of the Sclaves received the Gospel by the preaching of Cyril and Methodius two Grecian Doctours officiating all divine services in the Sclavonian or vulgar Language For which being after called in question by one of the Popes they reâ—â—rned no other answer then this and enough in that Omnis Spiritus laudet Dominum It is written that every thing which hath breath should praise the Lord. Suantobegius son to Suantopuleus succeeded next deposed or rather beaten out of his Countrie by the Emperour Arnulph for denying the accustomed tribute A Prince of great spirit and of as great command having at one time under him not Moravia only according to the largest limits but Silesia Bohemia and Polonia also Arnulph not able otherwise to effect his purpose called in the Hungarians though at that time Pagans by whose help the Moravian was subdued and his Kingdom shattered into pieces seised on by the Hungarians Poles and other Nations and finally reduced to the present limits Afterwards it was made a Marquisate but by whom we finde
South side of the Lake so named an Episcopall See and honoured with giving the title of a Baronie to the Dukes of Mecklenburg 3 Malcaw first walled by Niclot Prince of the Vandals anno 1270. 4 Ratzenburg an Episcopall See spoken of before 5 Rostoch the next in reputation of all the Hâ—â—se towns to Lubeck and Dantsick Large rich and much frequented by all sorts of Merchants in compasse almost six English miles situate on the River VVarn neer the fall thereof into the Baltick Honoured with an University here founded by John Duke of Mecklenburg an 1419. the first Professors in it being brought from Erdford in Saxony 6 Stargard which once gave the title of Duke to the younger Princes of this house 7 Sarentine memorable for a Nunnery there founded by Duke Magnus the second 8 Laâ— built and fortified by Duke Henry the second as an out-work to Rostock which he had lately bought of Christopher then King of Denmark 9 Sternberg of which little memorable 10 Fridland on the edge of Pomeren not far from Stargard which gave the title of Duke to Albert of Wallenstein after that called Duke of Fridland that eminent and prosperous Commander of the Imperiall Forces in the late war of Germany but miserably murdered after all his services by command of the Emperour 11 Fitchtell both pleasantly and strongly seated on the edge of a Lake 12 Dammin a strong Town on the Marches of Brandenburg The antient Inhabitants of this Country were the Vandals with the rest of the Heruli and Burgundians But the Burgundians being reckoned as a part of the Vandals were not much took notice of till their irruptions on the borders of the Roman Empire made them more considerable the Princes of these Nations using no other title then Kings of the Heruli and Vandals Of these the first is said to be one Anthyrius sonne of an Amazonian Lady who learned his first rudiments of warfare under Alexander the Great Out of his loins descended a long race of Kings amongst whom Rhadaguisâ— who together with Alarick the Goth invaded Italy I know not by what warrant is accounted one Gunderick the seventeenth of these Kings weary of so cold a dwelling passed towards the South and having harassed Gaul and Spain shipped himself over the Straits of Gibralter and erected the Kingdome of the Vandals in Africk whose successors we shall meet with there By Vitalaus the youngest sonne of Gensericus the sonne of Gunderick the line of these Princes is continued who after mingling with the Obotriti and other of the Sclaves succeeding into the void places of the Vandals left off the title of Kings of the Vandals and called themselves Kings of the Heruli and Obotriti continuing it to Pribislaus or Primislaus the second who wrote himself Pribislaus Dei gratia Herulorum Wagriorum Circipanorum Palumborum Obotritorum Kissinorum Vandalorumque Rex Making herein a generall muster of those tribes of the Sclaves and Heruli which remained under his command But he being vanquished by Henry surnamed the Lyon Duke of Saxony and Bavaria the title of King was laid aside his successours contenting themselves with that of Princes Divided betwixt Henry and Niclot the Nephews of Pribislaus by his sonne Henry into two Estates Henry assuming to himselfe the title of Prince of the Obotriti and Niclot that of Prince of the Vandals But the posterity of Niclot failing in VVilliam the last of that line anno 1430. his title with the lands thereunto belonging fel to Henry the fat the fourth Duke of Mecklenbourg to which honour Albert and John the sonnes of Henry the fourth descended from the elder house had been advanced by the Emperour Charles the fourth at Prague Anno 1348. The succession of which family from Pribislaus take in order thus The PRINCES of the HERVLI and DUKES of MECKLENBVRG 1158 1 Pribislaus the last King and first Prince of the Heruli after their subjection to the Saxons restored to this title and his former estate by the bountifull conquerrers to be held under the right and homage of the house of Saxony 1179 2 Henry sonne of Pribislaus baptized with all his people in his fathers life time by the perswasion of Henry Duke of Saxony and Bavaria by whom restored to their Estates 3 Henry II. sonne of the former Henry dividing the estate with his brother Niclot 1228 4 John surnamed the Divine so called because created Doctor of Divinity in the University of Paris whither he was sent by his Father to learn good Arts. 1260 5 Henry III. surnamed of Hierusalem because of his expedition thither against the Saracens 1302 6 Henry IV. surnamed the Lyon for his valour and undaunted constancie 1319 7 Albert and John the sonnes of Henry going to Prague with a Princely train to attend on the Emperour Charles the fourth were by him created Princes of the Empire and Dukes of Mecklenberg anno 1348. 1380 8 Magnus sonne of Albert. 1384 9 John sonne of Magnus the founder of the University of Rostock anno 1419. 1423 10 Henry V. surnamed the Fat who on the death of William the last Prince of the Vandals succeeded into his Estate 1447 11 Magnus II. sonne of Henry founder of the Cathedrall Church of Rostock 1503 12 Albert II. sonne of Magnus the second 1547 13 John-Albert sonne of Albert the second endowed the University of Rostock with the lands of some dissolved Monasteries and authorised in his Estates the Reformamation of Religion begun by Luther 1578 14 John III. sonne of John-Albert 1592 15 Adolph-Frederick and John-Albert sonnes of John the third dispossessed hereof by the Emour Fernand the second anno 1528. their Estates with the title of Duke of Mecklenberg being conferred on Albert of Wallenstein Duke of Fridland Who had not long enjoyed the Title when Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden the Assertor of the liberties of Germany restored it to the proper owners The heirs to whose Estates is Gustavus Adolphus the onely sonne and heir of John-Albert the other of those two being without issue 17. The DUKEDOME of SAXONIE The Dukedome of SAXONIE reckoning in the Estates and Provinces united to it and now in possession of those Dukes is bounded on the East with a part of Bohemia Lusatia and some part of Brandenbourg on the West with Hassia on the North with the Dukedome of Brunswick and on the South with Franconia and some parts of Bohemia So called because the Patrimony and possession of the Dukes of Saxonie who since the proscription and deprivation of Duke Henry surnamed the Lyon anno 1180. in some or other of these Countries have had their fixed seat and habitation It containeth the distinct Provinces of 1 Turingia 2 Misnia 3 Voiteland and 4 Saxony properly and specially so called 1 TVRINGIA is bounded on the East with Misnia and a part of the River Saltza on the West with Hassia on the North with the Wood Hartz and Saxony specially so called on the South with the mountainous Forrest of Duringer-Wald
famous Poetesse At that time joined unto the sand but since by the violence of the Sea or the hand of man made into an Island according unto that of Ovid Leucada continuam veteres habuere Coloni Nunc Freta circumcunt That is to say Leucas in former times join'd to the land Environ'd round with waters now doth stand It was called Leucas from the whitenesse of the Rock or Promontorie having before the separation or disjunction of it been called Neritos the chief Town of it varying with the name of the Isle and Promontory both town and Island at this time called S. Maure taken by Bajazet the second from the State of Venice and by him given unto the Jews who doe still inhabit it at their expulsion out of Spaine 5 Nicopolis a Colonie of the Romans of great both wealth and beautie in the time of S. Paul who from hence dated his Epistle to Titus called in that Postscript Nicopolis of Macedonia because Epirus at that time was part of the Province of Macedon though afterwards a distinct Province of it selfe It was first built by Augustus Casar on a Promontory opposite unte Actium on the other side of the Bay that being the place where his Land souldiers were incamped before the Navall battell betwixt him and Mark Anthony and was thus called either in memory of his victory or from a poor man and his Asse whom he met there the day before For asking the mans name he told him that his name was Eutyches i. e. Fortunate and that the name of his Asse was Nicon i. e. Conquerour which happy Omen made his souldiers courageous and hopefull of victory and he in memory thereof erected here two brazen Images the one of the Asse the other of his Master It is now a small village called Prevesa 6. Actium on the Sea-shore nigh unto which Augustus and Antony fought for the Empire of the world The Navy of the later consisted of 500 Gallies the former had 250 onely but those crowned with victory Antonius shamefully deserting his souldiers to follow after Cleopatra who on the very first charge fled away for Egypt The town now ruined the Promontory upon which it stood called Cabbo di Figulo The Countrey was first peopled by Dodonim the son of Javan or at least by some of his posterity coming hither from the Isle of Rhodes whose memory was preserved a long time in the Towne of Dodona him or from him so denominated Afterwards being parted into severall Nations and those Nations united in the common name of Epirots it became a great and powerfull Kingdome governed by a race of Kings descending from Pyrrhus the sonne of Achilles and continuing till the time of Pyrrhus the sonne of Aeacides A man of such courage and magnanimity that he did not onely recover his owne Kingdome of which Cassander had deprived his Father but got the Kingdome of Macedon from Cassanders children outed of which he tried his fortunes with the Romans Anno Mundi 3683. V. C. 471. After his death this Kingdome was shrewdly shaken by the Macedonians and shortly after subdued by Paulus Aemilius who as we now said destroyed 70 Cities hereof in one day For desirous to satisfie his souldiers after his victory in Macedon he sent unto the Epirots for ten of the principall men of every City These he commanded to deliver up all the gold and silver which they had and to that end as he gave out he sent certaine companies of souldiers along with them unto whom he gave secret instructions that on a day by him appointed they should fall to fack every one the town whereunto they were sent A barbarous and bloudy decree 70 Cities confederate with the Romans ruined in one day and no fewer then 150000 Epirots made and sold for slaves But the chief motive which induced him to so great a cruelty was by dispeopling this countrey lying with a long and faire Sea-coast over against Italy to give the Romans opportunity to land their Armies without any resistance for the further progresse of their Forces into Macedon Thrace Moesia or where else they pleased Which ungodly policie was afterwards imitated by William the Conquerour who laid wast all that part of Hampshire since called New Forrest and therein 36 Parish Churches that he might have a safe landing place for his Norman Forces if the English should at any time endeavour to make head against him Being made subject to the Romans it was a while part of the Province of Macedonia but afterwards when Macedonia was made a Diocese it became a distinct Province of it selfe called by the name of Old Epirus to difference it from the Province of New Fpirus which lay Eastward of it At the division of the Empire it belonged to the Constantinopolitans and so continued till the taking of Constantinople by the Western Christians at what time Throdorus Angelus a Prince of the Imperiall family seised on Aetolia and Epirus as before is said and sped so well in his designs that he took the strong City of Durazzo from the State of Venice to whom it fell in the division of that spoil and cunningly if not treacherously intercepted Peter the third Emperor of the Latines whom as some say he caused to be murdered at a banquet After his death his whole Estate being divided into two parts Aetolia with that part hereof which is called Chaonia continued in his house till the time of Charles Prince of Aetolia and Epirus spoken of before after whose death it was subdued by Amurath the second as before was said The residue hereof together with that part of Macedon which is called Albania fell to the family of the Caâ—triots the last of which named John the Father of Scanderbeg seeing himself unable to resist that Tyrant who had already swallowed up all his neighbour Princes submitted his estate unto him and gave unto him all his sonnes for hostages No sooner was the old Prince dead but Amurath seised on his estate murdered his three eldest sonnes and caused George the youngest to be trained up in the Law of Mahâ—met who afterwards escaping out of his power and recovering all his Fathers countries assumed also the style or title of Prince of Epirus After whose death his children not being able to make good their game lost it to Mahomet the Great as shall be shewn more fully in the storie and description of Albania which is next to follow 4 ALBANIA ALBANIA is bounded on the East with Macedonia on the West with the Adriatick on the North with Sâ—lavonia on the South with Epirus The countrey mountainous and barren watred with few Rivers and those of no great note amongst the Antients as 1 Laus 2 Apsus 3 Paniasus 4 Celidnus all of them falling into the Adriatick It took this name from the Albani once the Inhabitants of this tract from whom the chiefe City hereof was called Albanopolis Other townes of most consideration are 1 Stetigrade or Vestigard called
Paphlagâ—nia by reason of his dangerous and ambitious practises after his death pretending to reform the State came unto Constantinople first made Protector afterwards consort in the Empire with young Alexius Whom having barbarously slain and got the Empire to himselfe he was not long after cruelly torne in pieces in a popular tumult 1185 62 Isaacius Angelus a noble man of Constantinople and of the same Comnenian race designed to death by Andronicus was in a popular election proclaimed his successour deposed by Alexius his own brother and his eyes put out 1195 63 Alexius Angelus deprived his brother and excluded his Nephew from the Empire but it held not long 64 Alexius Angelus II. son of Isaac Angelus who being unjustly thrust out of his Empire by his uncle Alexius had recourse to Philip the Western Emperour whose daughter Mary he had marryed who so prevailed with Pope Innocent the 3. that the armie prepared for the Holy Land was employed to restore him On the approach whereof Alexius the Usurper fled Alexius the young Emperour is seated in his fathers throne and not long after slain by Alexius Dueas In revenge whereof the Latines assault and win Constantinople make themselves Masters of the Empire and divide it amongst them alotting to the Venetians Candie many good towns of Pâ—loponnesus and most of the Islands to Boniface Marquesse of Montferrat the Kingdom of Thessalie to others of the Adventurers other liberall shares and finally to Baldwin Earl of Flanders the main body of the Empire with the title of Emperour EMPEROURS of the LATINES in CONSTANTINOPLE 1200 65 Baldwin Earl of Flanders first Emperour of the Latines reigning in Constantinople taken in fight by John King of Bulgaria coming to aid the Greeks and sent prisoner to Ternova where he was cruelly put to death 1202 66 Henry the brother of Baldwin repulsed the Bulgarians out of Greece and dyed a Conquerour 1215 67 Peter Count of Auxerre in France son in law of Henry cunningly entrapped by Theodorus Angelus a great Prince in Epirus whom he had besieged in Dyrrachium But of an Enemy being perswaded to become his ghest was there murdered by him 1220 68 Robert the son of Peter having seen the miserable usage of his beautifull Emperesse whom a young Burgundian formerly contracted to her had most despitefully mangled cutting off both her nose and ears dyed of hearts grief as he was coming back from Rome whither his melancholy had carried him to consult the Pope in his affairs 1227 69 Baldwin II. son of Robert by a former wife under the protection of John de Brenne the titularie King of Hierusalem succeeded in his fathers throne which having held for the space of 33 years he was forced to leave it the Citie of Constantinople being regained by the Greeks and the poor Prince compelled to sue in vain for succours to the French Venetians and other Princes of the West The EMPIRE restored unto the GREEKS 1260 70 Michael VIII surnamed Palaeologus extracted from the Comnenian Emperours Emperour of the Greeks in the Citie of Nice most fortunately recovered Constantinople the town being taken by a partie of 50 men secretly put into it by some Country labourers under the ruines of a mine Present in person at the Councell of Lyons at the perswasion of the Pope he admitted the Latine Ceremonies into the Churches of Greece for which greatly hated by his subjects and denyed the honour of Christian buriall 1283 71 Andronicus II. vexed with unnaturall wars by his Nephew Andronicus who rebelled against him 1328 72 Andronicus III. first partner with his grandfather afterwards sole Emperour 1541 73 John Palaeologus son of Andronicus the 3. in whose minoritie Contacuzenus his Protectour usurped the Empire and held it sometimes from him and sometimes with him till the year 1357. and then retired unto a Monasterie leaving the Empire unto John during whose reign the Turks first planted themselves in Europe 1484 74 Andronicus IV. the son of Johanmes Palaeologus 1387 75 Emanuel Palaeologus the son of the said John and brother of Andronicus the 4. in whose time Bajazet the sixt King of the Turks did besiege Constantinople but found such notable resistance that he could not force it 1417 76 John II. son of Andronicus the 4. 1420 77 John III. son of Emanuel Palaeologus in person at the Councell of Florence for reconciling of the Churches in hope thereby to get some aid from the Western Christians but it would not be 1444 78 Constantinus Palaeologus the brother of John the 3. In whose time the famous Citie of Constanitinople was taken by Mahomet the Great 1452. the miserable Emperour who had in vain gone from door to door to beg or borrow money to pay his souldiers which the Turks found in great abundance when they took the Citie being lamentably trod to death in the throng Now concerning this Empire of the Greeks we may observe some fatal contrarieties in one and the same name as first that Philip the father of Alexander laid the first foundation of the Macedonian Monarchie and Philip the father of Perseus ruined it Secondly that Baldwin was the first and Baldwin the last Emperour of the Latines in Consiantinople Thirdly that this town was built by a Constantine the son of Helena a Gregory being Patriarch and was lost by a Constantine the son of a Helena a Gregory being Patriarch also And fourthly the Turks have a Prophecie that as it was won by a Mahomet so it shall be lost by a Mahomet So Augusius was the first established Emperour of Rome and Augustulus the last Darius the son of Hystaspes the restorer and Darius the son of Arsamis the overthrower of the Persian Monarchie A like note I shall anon tell you of Hierusalem In the mean time I will present you with a fatall observation of the letter H as I find it thus versed in Albions England Not superstitiously I speak but H this letter still Hath been observed ominous to Englands good or ill First Hercules Hesione and Helen were the cause Of war to Troy Aeneas seed becoming so outlawes Humbor the Hunn with forein arms did first the Brutes invade Helen to Romes imperiall Throne the British Crown conveyd Hengist and Horsus first did plant the Saxons in this Isle Hungar and Hubba first brought Danes that swayed here long while At Harold had the Saxon end at Hardie-Cnute the Dane Henries the first and second did restore the English raign Fourth Henry first for Lancaster did Englands Crown obtain Seventh Henry jarring Lancaster and Yorke unites in peace Henry the eight did happily Romes irreligion cease A strange and ominous letter every mutation in our State being as it were ushered by it What were the Revenues of this Empire since the division of it into the East and West I could never yet learn That they were exceeding great may appear by three circumstances 1 Zonaras reporteth that the Emperour Basilius had in his treasury 200000 talents of gold besides infinite
Kingdome of the Caramanians continuing theirs till the destruction of that line by Bajazet the second Anno 1486. by whom incorporated with the rest of the Ottoman Empire Thus having made our Progress over all the Provinces of the Lesser Asia and shewn how every one of them was made subject to the Turkish Tyranny we must next draw down the Succession of such Turkish Kings as have reigned herein till it was wholly conquered by the Princes of the house of Ottoman Concerning which we are to know in the way of Preamble that the Turks having made themselves Masters of the Kingdome of Persia and following their successes into Syria also fell to a breach amongst themselves For making up whereof it was condescended unto by Axan the then Persian Sultan that Meloch and Ducat two of his discontented Kins-men should be infeoffed in the Cities of Aleppo and Damascus and their severall Territories with whatsoever they could conquer from the Caleph of Egypt possessed at that time of most part of Syria and some of the adjoining Provinces It was also then agreed upon that a third but neerer Kinsman called Cutlu Moses another of the Leaders of the opposite faction should have leave to conquer for himself whatsoever he could win from the Christian Princes And he accordingly being furnished with a competent Army subdued the Provinces of Media and Armenia in the Greater Asia with Cappadocia Pontus and Bithynia in Asia Minor Which and the rest of their affairs take here in the ensuing Catologue of The Turkish Kings in Asia Minor of the Selzuccian Family 1075. 1. Cutlu Moses Nephew to Trangolipix the first Persian Sultan of the Turks won Media part of Armenia Major Cappadocia Pontus and Bithynia 2. Solyman Son of Cutlu Moses for a while dispossed of most of his estates by the Westren Christians in their first passage towards the Holy Land 3. Mahomet the Sonne of Solyman recovered most of his estates in the Lesser Asia but outed of them and subbued by 4. Musat Sultan or Lord Deputy of Iconium but of the same Selzuccian family who was thereby possessed of all the Turkish Provinces in the Lesser Asia 5. Calisastlan the Sonne of Musat to whom his Father left Iconium with the adjacent Provinces wrested Amasia and Ancyra from his brother Jagupasan Sebastia and Caesareâ— from his brother Dodune which with their severall Territories were bequeathed unto them by the will of their Father He overthrow the Emp. Emanuel Comnenus and united Phrygia to his Kingdome 6. Reucratine the third Son of Calisastlan having dispossest his three brethren Masut Cappatine Caicosrhoes of the estates left them by their Father became sole Monarch of all the Turkish Provinces in the Lesser Asia In the later end of whose reign Occata the Tartarian Cham having driven the Turks out of Persia many of them under the conduct of Aladine a Prince of the same Selzuccian Family joined themselves to their Countreymen here with whose help they won Cilicia from the Grecian Emperours who in the reign of Calo-Johannes the Turks being then embroyled by the Western Christians had not long before regained it and after the decease of Reucratine advanced him to the whole estate The Turkish Kings in Asia Minor of the race of Aladine 7. Aladine descended in direct line from Cussanes the last Turkish Sultan in Persia having with many of his Nation seated himself in Cilicia first made Sebastia one of the Cities thereof his chief Seat or residence Which after the death of Reucratine he removed to Iconium as the antient Regall City of the former Kings 8. Azalide by some called Azadire eldest Son of Aladine wasted the most part of his reign in wars with his brother Jathatine whom at last he forced into exile 9. Jathatine on the death of his brother possesseth the Kingdome slain afterwards in single combate by Theodorus Lascaris Emp. of the Greeks at Nice 10. Jathatine II. Son of the former driven out of his Kingdome by the Tartars and dyed in exile the Turks becoming Tributaries and Vassals unto the Tartarian 11. Masut and Cei-cubades of the same Selzuccian Family but whether the Sons of the second Jathatine I am not able to say substituted in his place as Tributaries to the conquering Tartars 12. Aladine II. Son of Cei-cubades succeeded his Father in the Kingdome but as Vassall and Leigeman to the Tartars After whose death leaving no issue of his body the great Princes of his Family divided amongst them his Dominions To Sarachan fell Aeolis Ionia and part of Lydia from him named Sarchan Sarachan or Saracha-Illi to Aidin the rest of Lydia Phrygia Major and the greatest part of the Greater Mysia from him called Aidinia or Aidin-Illi to Carasus the Lesser Phrygia with the rest of Mysia from him denominated Carasan or Carasa-Illi To the Family of the Isfendiars the Cities of Heraclea Sinote and that part of Pontus which lieth next to Bithynia There were also lesser Toparchies or sub-divisions from whence we find a Prince of Smyrna a second of Amasia a third of Amisus a fourth of Scandcloro besides many others But the main body of the estate was seized by Caraman who for his share had the whole Provinces of Lycia Lycamia Pisidia Pamphylia Isauria Cilicia with the Regall City of Iconium the greatest part of Caria the rest of it appertaining to the Prince of Menâ—esia with part of Cappadocia and Armenia Minor and some Towns in Phrygia continuing in his family for as many descents as either of the formet had held before in great power and lustre under The Turkish Kings in Asia Minor of the house of Caraman 13. Caraman the first raiser of this family Contemporary with Ottoman the first King of that race 14. Aladine Son of Caraman and Son-in-Law of Amurath the first of the house of Ottoman by whom subdued but pardoned and restored unto his estate on the humble entreats of his wife 15. Aladine II. Son of the former subdued by Bajazet the first and hanged by Tertumases one of Bajazets great Commanders 16. Mahomet Son of Aladine the second recovered his Kingdome on the death of Bajazet vanquished and led captive by the mighty Tamerlane Afterwards warred upon and vanquished by Mahomet the Son of Bajazet redeemed his peace by yielding up unto him many of his principal Towns and was finally slain at the siege of Attalia 17. Ibrahim the Son of Mahomet and Son-in-Law of Amurath the second against whom unadvisedly raising war he was forced to submit and become his Tributary after whose death rebelling against Mahomet the Great he was then also vanquished and a reconciliation made betwixt them 18. Ibrahim II. by some called Pyramus the Son of Ibrahim the first supported Zemes brother of Bajazet the second in his warre against him for which Bajazet having setled his affairs invaded and subdued the Kingdome of Caramanta killed the unfortunate King in battel and so united that Estate unto the rest of the Dominions of the house of Oâ—toman The
Princely maintenance it is more than probable they would rest content as in other Kingdomes the younger Princes do And notwithstanding their barbarous policy in particular they are not quite free from fear as knowing the counterfeits have heretofore much disturbed the quiet of their Predecessours for thus we find Amurash the second to have been vexed by one that took upon him the name of Mustapha elder brother to Mahomet then late deceased who was much furthered and aided by the Greek Princes This hath been one of the vulgar policies of Princes to kindle flames of sedition in their neighbours Countreys In the infancy of the Roman Empire we find a counterfeit Agrippa after that a counterfeit Nero and before two counterfeit Alexanders in Syria But never was Realm so often troubled with these Mock-kings as England a counterfeit Richard the 2d being made in the time of Hen. the 4th a counterfeit Mortimer in the time of Hen. the 6th counterfeit Duke of York a ounterfeit Earl of Warwick under Henry the 7th and a counterfeit Edw. the 6th under Q. Mary To prevent these walking spirits Mahomet the third laid out the dead bodies of his Father and nineteen brethren as a common spectacle for all that passed by or would come to behold them Of late indeed the Grand Signeur Mustapha miraculously scaped the bow-string twice 1. when his brother Achmat and 2ly when Osmen his young Nephew were made Sultans and was the first that in this Empire did ever succeed in the collateral line as Ibrahim the late Sultan was the second on the death of Morat or Amurath the fourth his elder brother 4. The removing of the young Princes is done for three reasons 1. to wean them from the pleasures of the Court 2ly to train them up in arms and inure them to hardness 3ly and principally to avoid the danger of a Competitour where of old Princes are especially jealous The common places destinated to this Princely exile are Amasia in Cappadocia Magnesia in Lydia and such like Towns of Natolia Neither do the old Sultans by such a great distance think themselves secure altogether but carry a vigilant eye over their sonnes actions and have intelligence of almost every particular thought the least suspicion being cause sufficient to destroy them so we find Mustapha sonne to Solyman the hopefullest branch that ever sprang from the Ottomon tree to have been shamefully strangled by the command of his Father upon a rumour onely of a mariage which he was said to have negotiated with the Persian Kings Daughter When these Princes are once setled in their government it is a crime meriting no less punishment than death to depart thence and come unto Constantinople before their Fathers death or unless they are by their Fathers sent for Of this we have a Tragical example in Mahomet a Prince of great hope sonne to Bajazet the second who desiring to see the fashion of his Fathers Court left Magnesia to which he was by his Father confined and attended by two or three Gentlemen came in the habit of a seafaring man to Constantinople and having obtained his desire he returned to his charge This strange action being quickly divulged abroad and by divers variously entercepted stirred such jealousies in the suspicious head of his old Father that he took order not long after to have him secretly poisoned 5. As for the ordinary revenue it consisteth either in money received or in money saved The money saved is first by the Tartars of whom he commands continnally 60000 to attend him in his wars without any pay but the spoil of the Enemie And second by the Timariots who nourish and bring into the Field more horses than any Prince in Christendome can keep as we have already said for 14 millions of Gold The money received according to Boterus is only 15 millions of Sulianies which is nothing in respect of so great an Empire the chief reason whereof is the Tyrannicall government of the Turk which deters men from tillage merchandize and other improvements of their estates as knowing all their gettings to lie at the Grand Signieurs mercy His extraordinary revenue is uncredible For besides that no Embassadour commeth before him empty handed no man is master of his own wealth further than it stands with the Emperours liking so that his great Bassaes are but as spunges to suck up riches till their cofiers swell and then to be squeezed into his Treasury These men as he advanceth without envy so can he destroy without danger no man here hoping for Partakers if he should resist as not being ignorant that one mans fortune is built on the desired overthrow of another Such riches as they gain if they hap to die naturally return to the Emperors coffers who giveth only what he pleaseth to the Children of the deceased These Bassaes have in their particular Provinces their Divanoes or Law-Courts where justice hath bin administred formerly with great integrity but now not a little corrupted yet the comfort is that such as miscarry in their right shall without delay know what to trust to and the Bassaes upon complaint to the Emperor are sure to die for it Over these Bassaes the chief of whom is the Uizier Bassa or President of the Council preside two Beglerbeggs one for Greece the other for Natolia 6. Concerning the present state of the Empire many judge it to be rather in the wane than the increase which judgement they ground upon good reasons whereof these are the chief 1. The body is grown too monstrous for the head the Sultans since the death of Solyman never accompanying their Armies in person except Morat or Amurath the fourth but rioting and wasting their bodies and treasures at home 2. The Janizaries who have been accounted the principall strength of this Empire are grown more factious in the Court than valiant in the Camp corrupted with ease and liberty drowned in prohibited wines enscebled with the continual converse of women and fallen from their former austerity of discipline 3. They have of late given no increase unto their Dominions and as in the paths of vertue non progredi est â—egredi so in Empires by violence gotten when they cease to be augmented they begin to be diminished 4. Rebellions have in these latter times been in this Empire strangely raised and mightily supported which commotions the former Sultans were never acquainted with 5. The greatness of the Empire is such that it laboureth with nothing more than the weightiness of it self so that it must in a manner needs decline Pondere pressa suo overburdened with its own mightiness For as in a naturall body a surfeit killeth more than fasting so in the body Politick also too much extent doth sooner draw on a ruin than either too little or a mediocrity 6. The Sonnes of the Grand Signieur whose bravery of mind is ever suspected by their Fathers are nursed up contraty sometimes to their natural inclinations in all
of Arbaces the great King of the Medes I am not able to say 4. Choaspa neer some River of that name as I conjecture there being besides Choaspes the chief River of Media another of that name also in India and probably another hereabouts to give name to this Town 5. Phoclis 6. Sigara 7. Dammana of which I find nothing but the names 8. Sin now a Town of name amongst them but not much observable The old Inhabitants hereof were the Pargyetae called also Arimaspae and Euergetae a powerfull Nation of themselves brought under the command of Alexander by means of Amenides sometimes the Secretary of Darius whom he made their Governour And besides them the Syeri Rophitae and the Eoritae which three made up the main body of the Arachosians committed by Alexander to the government and command of Menon Following after this the fortunes of the Persian Empire they changed their Masters as that did till the comming in of the Tartars Since that time governed for the most part by a King of their own especially since the dividing of the Kingdome of Persia amongst Tamerlanes children some of which held it as a distinct estate by the names of the Kings of Cabul till growing great by the conquest of some parts of India they took unto themselves the name of the Great Mongul Now Lords not onely of this Countrey but of the greatest part of India on this side of Ganges of whom we shall speak more when we are in India that being the chief Seat of their Power and Empire 8. PARAPOMISVS PAROPAMISVS is bounded on the South with Arachosia on the North with Bactria from which parted by the main body of Mount Taurus which is here called Paropamisus by the name of the Countrey on the East with some part of India on the West with Aria So called quasi Paroâ—anesus from the resemblance which it hath to an Island begirt on all sides almost with Rivers in which respect by Ptolomy called Paropanisus and not Paropamisus by which last name the Latines for the most part call it some of them Paropamissus with a double ss But that name being lost long since it is now by some called Dache by others Candahor but most commonly Sublestar The Countrey mountainous and hilly here and there intermixt with Valleys the Mountains of great height and exceeding barren the Valleys indifferent fruitful but so over-shadowed with those hills that the cleerest day in some places seems but like a twilight The people as obscure as their Countrey scarce known to any of their neighbours in the time of Alexander the barbarous nations neerest to them esteeming them unworthy of their acquaintance Agreste hominum genus inter Barbaros maxime inconditum as it is in Curtius Rivers of most note herein 1. Oxus of which before which rising out of Mount Caucasus passeth Northwards and afterwards divideth Bactria from Sogdiana 2. Dargamanis 3. Coacus both owing their original to some of the branches of Mount Taurus Which chain of hills beginning hereabouts to draw towards their end are towards the West called Paroetes where they give being to the River Dargamanis before named more Eastward they have the name of Parapomisus and Caucasus they are properly called where they are thwarted by Imaus in the very point as it were where Scythia India and the Persian territories do encounter Each other The hills in that place mounted to so great an height that from the tops thereof the Stars appear much greater than in other places the rising and setting of which are from hence easily discerned made memorable by the fable of Promotheus who is said to have been bound here by command of Jupiter on which vistum Promethea fuisse antiquit as tradit saith the Historian Prometheus is indeed by the Poets feigned to have stoln fire from heaven and to have made a man of clay for which presumptuous fact Jupiter bound him on the hill Caucasus where a vulture continually fed on his his Liver But according either to the truth of Story or their guess at least who make some Story the ground of Every Fable Prometheus being a very wise man instructed the dead and clayie carcasses of others with wisedome and that being very desirous to learn the nature of the starres which is the fire he stole from heaven he made the highest part of Mount Caucasus his studie where the inward care he had to accomplish his desire might justly have been compared to a Vulture gnawing on his entrails and of this opinion is Saint Augustine But far more memorable is it made for being the resting place of the Ark of Noah whereof we have already spoken in our Generall Preface Places of most consideration in it 1. Naulibis and 2. Ortospana both named by Ptolomy and reckoned by Amminus for the most famous of this Countrey But in what their same confisted I cannot find 3. Parsiana 4. Gazaca 5. Doroacana 6. Bagarda all named by Ptolomy but not else observable 7. Candihor now the Metropolis of the Countrey a Town of great trade by reason of the situation of it on the borders of India in that respect giving to the whole Countrey the nameof Candahor By which name reckoned for a Kingdome and used amongst the many titles in the Stile Imperiall Nothing considerable of it in the course of Story but that being once brought under by the Persian Monarchs it followed the fortune of the rest till these latter times when the Persians being overlaid by the Tertars it became subject to some Kings of the race of TamerLane reigning in this Province till brought under by the Kings of Cabul of the same extraction Finding those Kings intent on the conquest of India they freed themselves from all subjection to that Crown and had Kings of their own till the year 1600. or thereabouts when the last King unable to defend himself against Abduxa King of the Usbeques a Tartarian people but subject in some sort to the Crown of Persia surrendred his Kingdome to Echebar the Great Mongul descended from the old Kings of Cabul whose dominions border close upon it Recovered to the Persian Crown by Mirza the sonne of Abas and father of Soffie the now Sultan a Prince of much gallantry but of more misfortunes the Persian Sophies since that conquest using the title of Kings of Candahor in the Regal stile 9. ARIA ARIA is bounded on the East with Paropamisus on the West with Parthia on the North with Margiana and on the South with Drangiana from which last parted by the mountain Bagoas A name in old times given to the Province of Media especially by the Grecians till changed as they say into Media on the comming thither of Medea For so Pansanias amongst others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. comming into the Countrey then called Aria she caused it after her own name to be called Media But the name of Aria was not lost though it were removed remaining proper to this Countrey till
shrewdly shaken it at the least had not Antony in an envious humour called him from that service Finally Horodes was slain by his sonne Phraartes 11. Phraartes III. a valiant Prince but wicked and cruell Against him marched Marcus Antonius with a populous Army which wanted little of an absolute overthrow of 16 legions scarce six returning home in safety This King submitted himself and Kingdome unto Augustus restoring the Roman ensigns and freeing the Captives taken at the defeat of Crassus The onely mark of the Parthians subjection was their receiving Kings at the appointment of the Senate and Emperours of Rome which also was of no long continuance 12. Phraartes IV. sonne of Phraartes the 3d. whom he slew and succeeded 13. Orodes II. sonne of Phraartes the fourth slain in a conspiracy 14. Vonon substituted in the place of Orodes but outed by 15. Tiridates who was also dispossessed of his life and Kingdome by Artabanus a stranger to the blood of the Arsacidae the family of Arsaces giving place to that of this Artabanus of which family we have the names of twelve Kings successively reigning the most considerable of them being Chosroes the 8th King of this line from whom the Emperor Trdjan gained Armenia and Mesopotamia adding them to the Roman Empire members whereof they did continue till regained to the Persian Crown by Sapores the 9th King of the next Persian Dynasty But for those twelve Kings of this house they are these The 3d. Dynasty of the Kings of Persia and the 2d of the Parthian Race 1 Artabanus 2 Bardanes 3 Goteres 4 Vonones 5 Vologeses 6 Artabanus II. 7 Pacorus 8 Chosroes 9 Parmaspates 10 Vologeses II. 11 Vologeses III. 12 Artabanus III. the last King of this new race of the Parthians whose overthrow by the valour of Artaxerxes the first Persian King of the 4th Dynasty occasioned the translation of the Diadem to the naturall Persians after it had continued in two Parthian families for the space of 470 years Which Translation as it was wrought by the unresistable power of God who onely hath the disposing of Crowns and Scepters so in the way of second causes it may be principally referred to the barbarous massacre of this people by Antonius Caracalla the Roman Emperor Who having negociated a mariage with the daughter of this Artabanus and going as he gave it out to solemnize the nuptials was met by the old King accompanied with the flower of his Nobility and the choicest of his Souldiers and other Subjects in Triumphall Ornaments Which honourable train was no sooner come neer his Army but he commanded his Souldiers on a watch-word given to put them all to the sword the King himself hardly escaping with his life Caracalla being dead and Macrinus succeeding in the Throne the Parthians set upon him to revenge that slaughter But understanding after a long fight of three daies continuance that Macrinus had slain Caracella they made peace with him but were so weakned and unable to hold their own that it made the Persians once more think of recovering to their own Nation the Regall power For Artaxerxes a noble and generous Persian his name perhaps suggesting some high thoughts unto him did so much husband the opportunity that he slew Artabanus the last King of the Parthians and once more brought the royall seat into Persia Yet was not this so easilly effected the Parthians notwithstanding their former losses maintaining a cruell fight for three dayes together so difficult was it to vanquish that Nation when their forces were broken impossible when they were whole Artaxerxes proud of this success sent a peremptory embassie to Alexander Severus the then Roman Emperor to have all the Provinces of Asia which had formerly belonged to the Persian Monarchy redelivered to him a matter not so easily granted as demanded For Severus so suppress so insolent an enemy marched towards Persia with an Army Romanly appointed which to find his enemy more work he divided into three parts whereof the first was to march into Media the second into Persia the third himself led in the mid-way between both to succour both as occasion required But his device succeeded not happily for his two Annies being by the Persians broken he with much danger and hast retired back with the third This was a good beginning for the Persian Empire the establishment followed not long after Valerianus the Emperor being vanquished and taken prisoner by Sapores the second King of this race So that now the name of the Persian grew so terrible to the Romans that Coâ—stantine the Great transplanted many of the Colonies and Garrisons of the North-west part of the Empire into the East to keep the Persian from growing to farre upon the Roman Provinces and removed also the feat of the Empire nigher unto them from Rome to Constantinople And thus having shown the beginning and establishment the foundation and building of the new Kingdome of the Persians take along with you the Catalogue of their Kings untill they once more lost the soveraignty of their own Nation and became slaves again The 4th Dynasty or race of the Persian Kings 228 1 Artaxerxes 15. 243 2 Saâ—ores 31. 272 3 Ormiâ—â—â—eâ— 1. 275 4 Vararanes 3. 278 5 Vararanes II. 16. 294 6 Vararanes III. 294 7 Narses 7. 302 8 Misdues 7. 310 9 Sapar II. 70. 380 10 Artaxerxes II. 11. 391 11 Sapores III. 5. 396 12 Varanes IV. 10. 406 13 Isdigertes 21. 427 14 Vararanes IV. 20. 447 15 Vararanes V. 17. 464 16 Perozes 20. 484 17 Valens 4. 488 18 Cabades dispossessed by 499 19 Lambases 4. 503 20 Cabades again restored 533 21 Cosroes Magnus 48. 581 22 Hormisda 8. 589 23 Cosroes II. 39. 628 24 Siroes 1. 629 25 Adhesiâ— 26 Sarbatus 27 Barnarius 630 28. Hormisda II. the 28. and last King of the race of Artaxerxes or the fourth Dynâ—â—sty of whom besides the two first Kings whose Acts are spoken of before the most remarkable were 1. Vararanes the second in whose time Carus the Emperour passing over Euphrates and laying sieige to Ctesiphon was there slain by a thunderbolt 2. Narses the son of Vararâ—nes who first discomsited Galerius one of the Caesars in the Empire of Diocletian and totally ruined his Army for which Galerius being forced to lacquey it by the Emperors Chariotin his purple Robes was so highly shamed that to recover his credit he set upon Narses once again routed him and took Prisoners his wives and children 3. Sapores the second the sonne of Misdates who began his reign before his birth For his Father dying without issue left his wife with Child which Child the Magi having signified by their art to be a male the Persian Princes caused the Crown and Royall Ornaments to be set upon his Mothers belly acknowledging him thereby for their future King A great and puissant Prince he proved holding continuall warr with Constantine and his Successours till the death of Valens and gaining from them the best part
biggest 6. Maranis from which place the said Tamerlane having received his aids from China began his march These Tartars called Zagathayans by the name of their Countrey are of a different government from that of the Great Cham of Cathay though subject to him at the first and have so been ever since the time of Zaicham or Bathu the third great Cham who gave it unto Zagathay a younger sonne whence it had the name To Zagathay succeeded Og by some called Zain-Cham the Father of Tamerlane a peaceable and quiet Prince who rather studied to preserve than enlarge his Empire But Tamerlane being of a fiercer and more warlike nature made the first proof of his valour and good fortune against the Moscovite for spoyling a City which had put it self under his protection whom he overthrew with the slaughter of 25000 foot and 15000 of his horse Moved with this notable exploit and the hopes of greater Gino Cham the great Emperor of the Tartars gave him to wife his onely daughter and therewithall declared him his heir apparent Incouraged and inabled with this advancement he first brake down the wall of China encountred with the King thereof overcame him in battel and imposed on him the summe of 300000 Crowns of yearly tribute Having left things quiet at his back and taking with him a great part of the forces of Chinâ— he advanced forwards against Bâ—â—azet the fourth King of the Turks of the greatness of whose growing Empire he began to be jealous Passing along the left-hand shores of the Caspian Sea and so through Albania and the rest of the Provinces which lay in his way which he took and conquered as he went he came at last into Asia Minor where neer the City of Sebastia he encountred with Bajazet vanquished him slew 200000 of his men and carried him away captive in an iron Cage Restoring those Princes dispossessed by Bajazet unto their estates and taking to himself all the Turkish Provinces in Anatolia he bestowed a â—â—rivate visit on Constantinople which seen he marched towards Syria subdued both that Province and the Kingdome of Egypt then possessed by the Maâ—alucks visited Hierusalem and did honour to the holy Sepulchre returned by Babylon and won it and with it the whole Countries of Babylonia and Assyria And taking Persia in his way impatronized himself of that Kingdome also and such parts of India as either lay neer Persia or his own dominions now made the Soveraign Lord of all the Regions and Kingdomes in both Asias excepting the chief India for which the rich Kingdome of Egypt may be put in balance Come home at last to Samarchand he there died in peace A Prince of strong body but lovely lineaments his eyes bearing in them such raies of majestie that ordinary men could scarce endure to look upon them His hair long contrary to the custome of the Mahometans for the most part shaved on their heads for which he pretended a descent from Sampson Perfect in the Arabian learning and a lover of all learned men a hater of Idols and Polytheism and a great friend to the Christians More fortunate in the conquering of so many Kingdomes than in â—aying any sure foundation to maintain his conquests For by holding his seat Royal in Samarchand Cambâ—ln and other the chief Cities of Cathay he gave the remote Provinces the opportunity of returning to their former Governours and by parcelling his estates amongst his Children and kindred this mighty flood which had so quickly overflown both Asias returned in very little time within its own proper and originall banks Even Zagathay it self divided from the Empire of Cathay had its King apart hardly acknowledging the great Cham for the Lord in chief the most considerable of whom was that Saba who in the new beginnings and unsetledness of the Sophian Empire invaded Persia but instead of recovering that Kingdome into the power of the Tartars he lost some Provinces of his own Hyrcania Margiana and some part of Bactria being since subdued by Abas the late Sultan Nothing since memorable that I meet with in the affairs of this part of the Empire of Tartary 4. IVRCHESTAN is bounden on the East with Zagathay specially so called on the West with the River Soâ—ne parting it from Deserta on the North with those desarts which Ptolomy blindeth under the name of 〈◊〉 and on the South with the Caspian Sea So called from the Turks some of which people when they left their first Seats neer the Fennes of Moeotis setled in this Country and here still continue The Countrey as desert and ill planted as the rest of Tartary not so much out of any defect in the soyl it self as in the humour of the people who though originally Turks do yet compose themselves unto the lives of the Scythian or Tartarian Nomades neglecting tillage and abiding in no place longer than that place affords them pasturage for their Cattell huge herds of which they keep as their greatest treasure but more to cloth their backs with the skinns than to fill their Bellies with the flesh Amongst the Rivers of most note we may reckon 1. Rhymnus mentioned by Ptolomy which by the position of it in the 91 degree of longitude seems to be of this Tract It riseth out of the mountains called Montes Rhymnici giving name to the River or taking name from it 2. Ardock not known by that name amongst the Antients and whether known at all or not I am not able to say Shaping its course towards the North and weary of so cold a clime and such barbarous people after a long and swift course of a thousand miles it hideth it self under the ground for five hundred more but breaking out again and finding little or no hope of a better fortune loseth it self for ever in the great Lake of Kitay To look for Towns amongst a people which delight not in settled houses were a labour lost yet some I find ascribed unto them The principall but of no great note 1. Calba and 2. Occrra Then there is 3. Crâ—stina situate on or neer the Lake of Kitay never without the company of Russian and Tartarian Merchants the Russians sailing to it by the River Ob and the Zagathaian Tartars travelling to it by land By these two nations more peopled to maintain their traffick than by the Turcomans themselves in whose land it standeth These Turconâ—ans are of the posterity of some of those Turca who wanting room or otherwise oppress'd with want forsook their antient dwelling neer the Fennes of Moeotis and the coasts of the Euxine Sea to seek new dwellings Anno 844. That their whole body settled here and from hence made their conquest quest of Persia as some very industrious men are of opinion I by no means grant For when the Sultan of Persia having by the means of Tangrolipix and those Mercinary Turks whom he invited to his aid obtained the victory and thought it fit for his affairs to detain them
under the conduct of Sarracon or Shirachoch a right valiant and stout Commander who taking his advantages not only cleared the Country of Almericus but got the whole kingdom to himself dashing out the brains of Elphaiz with his horsemans-mace And though Etzar his son assumed for a while the title of Caliph yet the destruction of himself and the whole Phatimean family rooted out by Sarracon soon put an end to that claim and left the kingdom in the peaceable possession of the Turkish Sultans The fourth Dynastie or the Race of the Turkish Kings or Caliphs of Egypt 1163. 1 Asereddin sirnamed Shirachoch called Sarracon by the Christian writers the first of the Turks which reigned in Egypt of the Noble family of Alub 1186. 2 Zeli-heddin called Saladine by the Christian writers the son or as some say the nephew of Sarracon or Shirachoch confirmed in his estate by the Caliph of Bagdet under whose jurisdiction he reduced the Egyptian Schismaticks He obtained also the kingdom of Damascus conquered Mesopotamia Palestine and in the year 1190 regained the City of Hierusalem A Prince who wanted nothing to commend him to succeeding Ages nor to glorifie him in the kingdom of Heaven but the saving knowledge of CHRIST JESUS 1199. 3 Elaziz the second son of Saladine succeeded in the Realm of Egypt which he exchanged afterwards with his brother Eladel for the kingdom of Damascus 4 Eladel or El-Aphtzel by the Christian writers called Meledine succeeded upon this exchange in the kingdom of Egypt and overcame the Christians without the losse of a man at the siege of Caire by letting loose the Sluces of Nilus which drowned their Army and forced them to covenant with him at his own pleasure 1210. 5 Elchamul 1237. 6 Melech Essalach by the Christian writers called Melechsala the son of Elchamul who overcame Lewis the 9. of France and going with that King towards Damiata was slain by the souldiers of his guard called Mamalucks 1242. 7 Elmutan the son of Melech Essalach succeeded for a time in his Fathers throne But the Mamalucks being resolved to obtain the kingdom for themselves inforced him to flie to a Tower of Wood which they set on fire the poor Prince half burned leaping into a River which ran close by it was there drowned the Mamalucks setled in the kingdom An. 1245. These Mamalucks were the ofspring of a People on the banks of the Euxine Sea vulgarly called the Circassians whom Melechsala either bought of their Parents or at the second hand of the Tartars then newly Masters of those Countries to supply the want of valour in the idle and effeminate People of Egypt and out of them selected a choise Band of men for the guard of his person Knowing their strength and finding their opportunity they treacherously slew Melechsala their Lord and Master appointing one Azeddin Ibek a Turco-man by nation and therefore by most Christian writers called Turquimeneius one of their own number a man of great spirit and valour to succeed in the Throne Unwilling to re-give the Supreme Authority into the hands of the Egyptians and not permitting their own sons to enjoy the name and privilege of Mamalucks they bought yearly certain numbers of Circassian slaves whom they committed to the keeping of the Egyptians by them to be instructed in the Egyptian language and the Law of Mahomet Being thus fitted for imployment they were taught the Discipline of War and by degrees advanced unto the highest Offices of power and trust as now the Janizaries are in the Turkish Empire in choice and ordering of whom as the Ottoman Turks were Precedented by those of Egypt so it is possible enough that the Janizaries may make as great a Change in the Turkish Empire as the Mamalucks did in the Egyptian So unsafe a thing it is for a Prince to commit the sole guard of his person or the defence of his Dominions to the hands of such whom not the sense of natural duty but the hopes of profit or preferment may make useful to him For thus we find that Constantius a King of the Britains was murdered by his Guard of Picts most of the Roman Emperours by the hands of those whom they intrusted either with the guard of their persons or the command of their Armies And I think no man can be ignorant how many times the Princes and Estates of Italy have been brought into the extremest dangers by trusting too much to the honesty of mercenaâ—ie Souldiers and Commanders Take we for instance the proceedings of Giacopo Picinino who with his Followers first took Pay of Ferdinand the first of Naples left him to fight for his vowed Enemy Iohn Duke of Calabria the son of Renè Duke of Anjou whom also he forsook in his greatest need The like we find of Francisco Sforza first entertained by the Duke of Millain from whom he revolted to the Florentines from them to the Venetians and being again received into the Pay of the State of Millain made use of their own Army to subdue that City Nor can I speak better of the Switzers or their dealing in this kind with the French Kings the Sforza's Dukes of Millain and with whom not to say the truth that ever trusted or employed them Now as it is unsafe for a Prince to commit the custody of his person or the defence of his Estates to the faith of Forreiners so is it dangerous to him to call in such aids and to commit his fortunes either wholly or principally unto their fidelity A moderate supply of men money or munition from a confederate King is I confesse in most cases convenient in some necessary as well to save their Natives from the sword as to trie a friend and interest an Allie in the same cause But to invite so great a number of Succours as from Helpers may become Masters and oppresse the people whom they came to defend is that Rock on which many Realms have suffered shipwrack and which a good Pilot of the State should with all care avoid For as in the sickness of the body natural it is hurtful to a mans health and life to take more physick then it may after the effect thereof be wrought either digest or put out again so in the body politick it is a perilous matter to receive more succours then what after they have done the deed they were sent for we may either with conveniencie reward and settle with us or at liberty expell Of all Surfeits this of Forraign supplies is most uncurable and Ne quid nimis if in nothing else true is in this case oracle There is no Kingdom I am verily perswaded under the Sun which hath not been by this means conquered no Common-wealth which hath not been by this means ruined To relate all examples were infinite and tedious to inferre some pleasing to the Reader and to illustrate the point not unnecessary To begin with former times Philip of Macedon called into Greece to assist the
Florida unto the 44th where it quartereth on Norumbega The first Discovery hereof by the two Cabots Father and Son An. 1497. did first entitle the Crown of England to this Country The Design after seconded by one Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the petit Kings or Princes hereof who did Homage to K. Henry the 8. then sitting in his Royal Throne in the Palace of Westminster but nothing further done in pursuance of it And though John Verazzani a noble Florentine at the incouragement and charge of King Francis the first An. 1524. discovered more of the Country then Cabot did yet the French too much in love with the pleasures of France or intangled in Civill Wars amongst themselves looked no further after it Insomuch that the Country lying thus neglected was re-discovered by the charges and direction of Sir Walter Raleigh then Captain of the Guard and in great power and favour with Queen Elizabeth An. 1584. who sending Master Philip Amadas and Master Arthur Barlow upon this employment did by them take possession of it in Queen Elizabeths name in honour of whom he caused it to be called Virginia The next year he sent hither a Colonie under the conduct of the noble Sir Richard Greenvile who not supplied with necessaries for their subsistence returned home again In the year 1587 a second Colonie is sent hither but as successless as the first the business being undertaken only on a private Purse not owned as the interesse of the State or of publick moment till the year 1606. In the mean time the North parts of this Country being more perfectly discovered by Captain Bartholomew Gosnold An. 1602. and the middle parts being taken up by the Hollanders not long after that is to say in the year 1609. the whole became divided into these three parts 1 New-England 2 Novum Belgium 3 Virginia stristly and specially so called To which the Isles of the Bermudas shall come in for a fourth NEW ENGLAND hath on the North east Norumbegua and on the South-west Novum Belgium So called by the Adventurers by whom first planted not so much because opposite to Nova Albion as some men conceive as in imitation of the like adjuncts of distinction given by the French and Spaniards to Nova Francia Nova Hispania Nova Gallicia Nova Granada and the like The Country situate in the middle of the Temperate Zone betwixt the degrees of 41. 44. equally distant from the Artick Circle and the Tropick of Cancer by consequence naturally of the same degree of heat with France or Italy But by reason of the thick mists which arise from the Seas adjoyning those heats so moderated that the Aire is found to be exceedingly agreeable to an English body The soil not only fruitfull of such commodities as grow there naturally but also of all sorts of grain which were brought from England Great store of Woods and trees both for fruit and building plenty of Deer within the VVoods of salt and fish upon the shores and as for Turkies Partriges Swans Geese Cranes Ducks Pigeons such a full variety as serves not only for necessity but for Pride and Luxury The Commodities of most note for maintaining of Traffick rich Furs and many sorts of Fish some Amber Flax Linnen Iron Pitch Masts Cables Timber fit for shipping in a word whatsoever comes to England by the way of the Sound might be at better rates and with far less trouble be supplied from hence at least if we believe the Relations of it published in the year 1622. The People for the most part well enough disposed if not roughly handled hospitable and more civil then the rest of their Neighbours So tractable and docile in matters of Religion that liking well the Rites and Ceremonies of the English at their first setling there Anno 1608. they would use to say that King James was a good King and his God a good God but their Tanto naught Which Tanto was an evil Spirit which did haunt and trouble them every Moon and therefore they worshipped him for fear which notwithstanding I finde not any great increase of Christianity amongst the Natives our English Undertakers thinking it sufficient if they aud their houses served the Lord without caring what became of the souls of the wretched People which hitherto have sate in darkness and the shadow of death notwithstanding those New lights whith have shined amongst them And as for those New-comers which have planted there all English though some immediately out of Holland I cannot better tell you of what strain they were then in the words of John de Laâ—â— Novi Orbis lib. 3. cap 8. where he observeth Primos hosce Colonos uti illos qui postea accesserunt potissimùm aut omnino fuisse ex eorum hominum Secta quos in Anglia Brownistas Puritanos vocant quales non pauci in Belgium superioribus annis se receperunt hinc ad socios sunt profecti They were saith he either for the most part or altogether of that Sect which in England are called Brownists or Puritans many of which had formerly betaken themselves to Holland but afterwards went thence to joyn with their Brethren in New-England Principal Rivers of this part 1 Tamescot where our men found Oysters of nine inches long 2 Nansic a River of the Tarentines one of the chief Nations of this tract 3 Sagahadoc of most note and deservedly too Of a mile and an half broad at the mouth or influx and so upwards for the space of a dayes journey where it maketh a large Lake three dayes journey broad with six Ilands in it nourished with two large Channels the one from the North east the other from the North-west each of them rising from a Lake the least of which four dayes journey long two broad the other double it Of lesse note 4 Apanawapesk 5 Ramassoc 6 Ashamahaga c. The Country on the Sea side full of notable Havens populous and very well inhabited insomuch as Captain Smith reckoned in the space of 70 miles above twenty Havens some of them capable of 500 or 1000 sail most of them sheltered from the furies of wind and sea by the interposition of some Ilands of which about 200 lie upon that Coast In the space of 70 miles he reckoneth forty Villages of the Barbarous people the chief of which 1 Macadacut 2 Segocket 3 Pemmaquid 4 Nusconcus 5 Kennebecque c. all called by the name of some Brook or water upon which they were seated Since added by the English 1 S Georges Fort the first Plantation of the English built by them at the mouth of the River Sagahadoc in a Demy-Iland An. 1607. 2 New Plimouth seated in a large and capacious Bay at the first building An. 1620. consisting of nineteen families only but in short time improved to an handsom Town which as it was the first Town so it was the first Church which was setled there modelled according to the form of Mr. Robinsons
Italie altogether unfurnished for Wars and indeed such as by reason of the variety of pleasures in them used were more likely to weaken their minds than to arm their bodies Now to give the Senate some sweet meat to their sowr sawce he as much honoured and reverenâ—ed that Order as ever it was in the Free-state submitting himself to their Judgements and appearing of his own accord at most of their dayes of Session Out of those he chose 15 alterable every half year to be of his privy Counsell but then changing them for others that so all of them might participate that honâ—ur and yet none of them be acquainted with too many of his secrets At his entrance into the Senate he used courteously to salute the Lords and so likewise at his departure He knew full well that it was noted for great pride in his Father Iulius so much to sleight the Lords of that House as he always did never making to them any obeysance no not then when they came to tell him what honours were decreed unto him 25. This Reformation of the great Ones soon made the lower sort more carefull both to observe good order and to learn obedience Yet did not AUGUSTUS refer all to President but somewhat to Precept The Roman Knights he enforced to yeeld an account of their lives an Ordinance full of health and wisdom Idleness being the root of all private vices and publike disorders To the Commons in their Comitia and other meetings he prescribeth Laws and Orders as himself listed The old authority of the Tribunes dashed in the Dictatorship of Sylla he would not restore He suffred them to intercede for the People but not to prefer or hinder any Bill to the advancement or the prejudice of their Estate Without this Curb the Common sort would never have suffered him to sit fast in the Saddle For had the people had their Tribunes and had the Tribunes had their antient dignity and power which they had usurped there had been little or no hope of altering the form of Goverment So different are the ends of the Common-people especially if nuzled in a factious Liberty from the designs of Soveraign Princes 26 The City thus reformed in the principall errors and defects of it he again exhibiteth unto them divers pleasures As Shews of Fencers Stage-plays Combats of wild beasts publique Dancings with variety of other delightfull spectacles And this as well to breed in them a good conceit of the change as fearing left their cogitations for want of other objects would fix themselves upon his actions and the old freedom Horse-races Tilts and Tornaments he gladly cherished but he permitted them onely to the Inhabitants of Rome That so that City being the Seat-Town of his Empire might be stored with good Horses and expert Riders Such of the Commons as were behind hand he relieved and when that any of them had made him Heir to their goods he well knowing that no good Father did appoint to his Heir any Prince but a Tyrant presently restored to the Children of the deceased the whole Patrimony An action truly worthy of AVGVSTVS as true a Guardian of Orphaâ—â—s as a Father of his Country Such Princes as gape covetously after other mens possessions seldom enjoy the benefit of their own The Treasures of Kings are then greatest not when their own Coffers are full only but their Subjects rich Yet one thing more he seemed to leave unto the people which they thought most pleasing Liberty of speech Wherein sometimes they were so liâ—entiâ—â—s that they spared not Agrippa himself so potent with the Empâ—ror But he good man never using the Princes favour to the prejudice of any seemed not to mark their taunts and slanders whether with greater moderation or wisdom I cannot tell Neither did AVGVSTVS scape their foolish Pasquils and infamous Libels All which he winked at knowing that Contumelles of that nature slighted and contemned soon vanish of themselves but if repined and stormed at seem to be acknowledged A temper which he learnt of his Father Julius who was perfect at it And certainly it was a notable point of wisdom in both of them It is the misery of the best Princes even when they do well to be ill spoken of And therefore many times such follies are with more policie dissembled than observed by the greatest Kings 27 As for this Lavishness of the tongue it is a humour that springeth for the most part rather from a delight in pratling than any malice of the heart and they which use it are more troublesome than dangerous Julius feared not the fat men but the lean and spare And so AVGVSTVS thought that not men liberal of speech but silent close and sparing of their words were most likely to raise tumults Moreover as long as the Common People retained Libertie of speech they were the less sensible of the loss of Liberty in State Whereas in the dayes of Domitian when not only they were prohibited to commune together but even their secret sighs and tears were registred then began they to look back with a serious eye on the old and Common Liberty Neglect is the best remedy for this Talking vein When the humour is spent the People will cease on their own accords till then no forces can compel them Tacitus taxeth Vitellius of great folly for hoping by force to hinder the continuall reports of Vespatians revolt that being the only way to increase not diminish the rumour And as much he extolleth I will not say how fitly the Reign of Prince Nerva wherein it was lawfull for the Subject to think what he would and speak what he thought 28 These courses though he took to rectifie the Senate and content the people yet he stayed not here There were too many of both sorts dangerous and unquiet spirits who stomacked his proceedings and under pretence of the antient Liberty were apt to any bold attempt and suddain alteration These as he winked at for the present so he employed them as occasion served in his forreign Wars Wherein he followed the example of his Father Julius who when his Souldiers had displeased him in their Mutinies and Tumults would lead them presently unto some desperate and dangerous service So weakning both his Foes which lay next unto him and punishing those Souldiers which had disobeyed him For though AVGVSTVS had thrice shut the Temple of Janus and cherished Peace no Emperor more of so large a Territory Yet when he saw his times and that mens minds were active and their thoughts disquieted he could find presently occasion for some new imployment In this a Body Politique may be compared most fitly to the Body naturall When we are full of blood and our spirits boyling there is not any Physick better than Phlebotomie But if a vein be broken in us and we bleed inwardly our estate commonly is dangerous and almost incurable So Princes when their people are tumultuous and apt to mischief or that
and Irene these two last Provinces only were assigned to the Constant inopolitans the rest to Charles and his Successors both outed of their severall parts by the prevailing Saracens under the conduct of Sabba and other successive 〈◊〉 These partly dispossessed by the Emperour Otho the first and his Almain forces and they again expelled by the Greeks and Saracens joyning together against them as a common Enemy who afterwards held bitter wars against one another for the sole command During these wâ—rs it happened that one Drangot a Gentleman of Normandy having in the presence of Duke Robert the Father of William the Conqueror slain one Repostel a Gentleman of like quality to avoid the justice of the Prince and the practices of Repostels kindred fled into this Countrey attended by such of his followers as either did depend upon his fortunes or had been medlers in the Fray Where being come the Duke of Benevent Vicegerent to the Eastern Emperor took them into pay Their entertainment being bruited in Normandy and a report raised withall that the Greeks hearkened after men of valour and action caused many private Gentlemen to pass over the Alpes and there to hew themselves out a more prosperous fortune than formerly they had injoyed The fortunate success of which last Adventurers drew thither also Tancred the Lord of Hauteville who with his twelve sonnes came into Apulia Ao. 1008. and in short time not only drove the Saracens thence but the Grecâ—ans also as men that had broke Covenant with them in the division of the Bootie For William the sonne of Tancred combining with Melorco Governour of Apulâ—a for the Greek Emperour and with the Princes of Capua and Salerâ— men of power and honour for the conquest of Sicil which the Saracens then wholly held agreed amongst themselves to divide the places conquered by them into four equall parts one for each Adventurer But when the Saracens were driven out Melorco having new supplies sent him out of Greece seized on the possession of the whole Island in the Emperors name Which injury William cunningly dissembled till Melorco's Forces were dispersed and then he suddenly set upon him first took the City of Melsi and after by degrees most of the other Towns and places which the Greeks held in Italie of which both he and his Successors kept possession by the Title of Dukes of Calabria only Of these though all of eminent vertue there were two besides this William of speciall fame 1. Robert Guâ—scard the third sonne of Tancred the most valiant Captain of his time and chief establisher of the Normans power in Italie to which he added in conclusion the Isle of Sicil together with the citie of Naples it self and all the Lands which lie betwixt it and Rome 2. Bohemund the eldest sonne of this Robert who going with Godfrey of Bovillon and others of the Western Christians to the Holy Land was for his signall merits invested with the Kingdom of Antioch inherited by his children after his decease But to proceed this Guiscard at his death but not without some wrong to the children of his Brother William whom he had dispossessed of all by the Popes Authority gave Sicil with the title of Earl to his sonne Rogero and his estates in Italy to his other sonne William who going to Constantinople to mary with the Emperors daughter was outed of his part by his brother Roger made not long after by the Pope the first King of this Familie The Kings of Naples of the Norman Line 1125. 1 Roger Earl of Sicil created by Pope Anacletus 2d. King of both the Sicilies at the Town of Benevent which City in requitall of so great a favour he restored again unto the Church from which it had been taken after the first Donation of it by the German Emperors 24. 1149. 2 William the sonne of Roger who to assure himself of his Kingdoms was content to take them as a gift from the hands of Pope Adrian the 4th to be holden for ever in Fee of the Church of Rome 21. 1170. 3 William II. sonne of the former William who left a daughter called Constance who became a Nun. 26. 1196. 4 Tancred the base sonne of William the 2d. excluded his Sister from the Crown but was sententially deposed by Pope Celestine the 3d. who had an aim to get the Kingdom for himself But when he saw that Tancred was too strong for him out of meer spight to be defeated of his purpose he called in the Germans the antient Enemies of his See and gave the Lady Constance then almost fifty yeers of age in mariage unto Henry the 6th 2. The German Line 1198. 5 Henry the sixt of that name Emperor and Duke of Schwaben succeeded on his mariage with the Lady Constance 4. 1202. 6 Frederick sonne of the Emperor Henry and Queen Constance crowned at the age of three yeers afterwards Emperor by the name of Frederick the 2d. He had to wife the daughter of John di Brenn the titulary King of Hierusalem of which the Kings of Naples have ever since had the title of Kings and in the rights of this Kingdom the Kings of Spain 125â— 7 Conrade the sonne of Frederick King of Naples and Sicil as also Emperour and Duke of Snevia or Schwaben poisoned as it was conceived by his base brother Manfred 4. 1254. 8 Munfroy or Manfred base sonne of Frederick and Duke of Benevent first governed the Kingdom as Protector unto Conradine the sonne of Conrade but after took it to himself against the will of Pope Urban the 4th who being weary of the Germans called in Charles Duke of Anjou and Earl of Provence brother to Lewis the 10th of France it being usuall with the Popes as Machiavel very well observeth to call new men into Italie and stir up new wars for their own ambition not suffering any to possess that long which themselves through their weakness could not hold and practising the over-throw of those very men whom themselves had raised to power and greatness The French Line 1261. 9 Charles Earl of Anjou and Provence overcame King Manfred and was after crowned by Pope Urban the 4th who conditioned with him that neither he nor his Successors should assume the Empire and that they should pay fifty thousand Crowns per annum as a Rent to the Church This Charles did also vanquish Conradine the sonne of Conrade the last of the royall house of Suevia whom he caused to be beheaded at Naples After which bloody Act neither he nor any of his posterity did either quietly or long injoy these Kingdoms For in his own time Peter King of Aragon clamed the Kingdom of Naples in right of Constance his wife the daughter of Manfred betwixt whom and Charles a single combat was appointed to be fought in Bourdeaux before King Edward the first of England to decide the Controversie But whilest Charles there expected him he seized on Sicil Ao. 1281. This Charles reigned three and twenty
of King Henry the third of France by Jaques Clement are full proofs of this 3. Then followeth their allowance of Mariages prohibited both by God and Nature the issue of which cannot but uphold the Popes Authority without which their birth would be illegitimate and consequently themselves uncapable of the estates they are born unto And by this means they do more strengthen themselves by the unlawfull Mariages of others than ever Prince could do by the lawfull Mariage of his own Nothing more fastened Queen Mary of England to the See of Rome than the question that was raised about the Mariage of her Mother to King Henry the eight the lawfulness of which depended chiefly on the dispensation of Pope Julio the second 4. Then cometh in their dispensing with the Oaths of Princes when they conceive themselves induced upon reason of State to flie off from those Leagues and break off those Treaties which have been solemnly made and sworn betwix them and their Neighbours By means whereof such Princes think themselves not perjured because dispensed with by the Pope and commonly get something in advantage or point of profit for which they cannot be unthankfull unto the Papacy Examples of this kind are obvious in all times and stories 5. Next comes the chosing of the younger sonnes of great Princes into the rank of Cardinalls which obligeth the whole Stock on Familie to the Papall Throne that being a means whereby young Princes are preferred without charge to their Fathers or any diminution of the Regall Patrimony 6. And as by these courses he holds in with all Christian Princes generally which are of the Religion of the Church of Rome so hath he fastned more particularly on the King of Spain whereof we shall speak further when we come to that Countrey 2. Concerning the second So it is that their Estate hath the firmest foundation of any as being built on the consciences of men possessed with an opinion of their Infallibility and that undoubted power they pretend unto not only in Heaven and upon Earth but also over Hell and Purgatory 2. Then comes the innumerable Preferments at their disposing for men of all humours and affections as having in their power the disposing of almost all the Benefices and Bishopricks in Italie half of those in Spain divers in Germany and France which keepeth the Clergy and all such as are that way studied in a perpetuall dependance upon that See especially injoying by it many notable Privileges which those of the Temporalty are not capable of 3. Consider next the multitude of Monks and Friers whose very being depends wholly upon his Authority every Monastery and Convent being a Garrison as it were to defend the Papacy and train up a Militia of Spirituall Janisaries men most affectionately devoted to his See and Service Of these it is conceived that there are no fewer than a Million one half whereof at least may be fit for action and all maintained at other mens cost themselves not disbursing a penny towards it 4. Their Pardons and Indulgences are a great increase to their Revenue some of them as unlimited as that of Pope Boniface the eighth which was for 82000. yeers to all that could say such a Prayer of S. Augustines and that for every day Toties quoties 5. Their practising on Penitents whom they perswade in the very agony of their souls that there is no salvation for them but by giving part of their estates unto the Church 6. Nor have they found any small advantage to their Power and Patrimony by the invention of Spirituall Fraternities which are Appurtenances as it were to the Orders of Friers and may in number perhaps equall them Into these the Lay-people of all sorts men and women maried and single desire to be inrolled as hereby injoying the spirituall prerogatives of Indulgences and a more speedy dispatch out of Purgatory 3. Concerning the third 1. They deter the people from reading the Scripture alleging unto them the perills they may incur by mis-interpretation 2. They breed an Antipathy between the Papists and the Protestants insomuch that a Papist may not say Amen unto a Protestants Deo Gratias 3. They debar them from all sound of the Religion in prohibiting the Books of the Reformed Writers and hiding their own Treatises in which the Tenent of the Protestants is recited only to be confuted insomuch that in all Italie you shall seldom meet with Bellarmines works or any of the like nature to be sold 4. They have under pain of Excommunication prohibited the Italians from Travell and Traffick with Hereticall Countreys or such places where those contagious sounds and sights as they term them might make them return infected 5. The Severity or Tyranny rather of the Inquisition of which we shall speak more at large when we come to Spain crusheth not onely the beginnings but the smallest suspitions of being this way addicted And 6ly The people thus restrained from Travell are taught to believe that the Pritestants are Blasphemers of God and all his Saints that in Englard Churches are turned to Stables the people are grown barbarous and eat young children that Geneva is a professed Sanctuary of Roguery and the like We have yet two later examples of their dealing in this kind First the gross slander of the Apostacy or as they call it the Reconciliation unto their Church of the Right Reverend Father in God Dr. King not long since the Lord Bishop of London a Prelate of too known a faith and zeal to give occasion for such a calumny The second a book by them published and commonly sold in Italie and France containing a relation of Gods Judgements shown on a sort of Protestant Hereticks by the fall of an house in St. Andrews Parish in London in which they were assembled to hear a Geneva Lecture Octob. 26. A. D. 1623. By which dealing the simple people are made to believe that to be a judgment on us of the Protestant party which the Authors of that Pamphlet well know to be a calumnie in regard of us and a sad chance I will not say a judgment which befell their own by a fall of a Chamber in Black-Friers where they were met to hear the Sermon of one Druris a Popish Priest and that too on the fift of November in their own accompt being the 26. of October before mentioned The Popedom being thus cunningly and strongly founded it cannot be if the Popes had been chosen young or of the same Family so that the Successor had not often crossed the designs of his Predecessor but that this new Monarchie had been greater and better established than ever the old Roman Empire was in her greatest glory And to say truth I have oft wondred with my self that some of the more active Popes especially such as were chosen young and had the happiness to descend of noble Families did never seek the setling of this Estate in their own Posterity especially considering the good Precedents
they yeeld unto the Prince in the way of Revenue and what Forces he is able to raise out of his Estates I cannot positively determine But by the Tribute formerly payd unto the Popes for the City of Mutina and the rich territory of both Towns and the great Revenues of the Dukes of Ferrara I conceive they cannot yeeld less than 100000 Crowns of yearly in-come The Armes of this Duke the same with those of Ferrara before blazoned The Dukedom of PARMA THe Dukedom of PARMA hath on the North the Dukedoms of Millain and Mantua from which it is parted by the Po on the South the Apennine which divideth it from Liguria on the East the Country of Modena on the West Montferrat situate as Modena is in Lombardia Cispadana and much of the same nature both for soyl and air and other the commodities of those parts of Italie The principall Cities of it are 1 Parma an antient City and made a Colony of the Romans at the end of the second Punick War as Mutina and Aquileia at the same time were It is seated on a small River of the same name which runneth almost thorough the middest of it beautified with very handsome buildings and peopled by a race of ingenious men whether they do be take themselves unto Arts or Arms. The grounds about this City are of excellent pasturage and yeeld great plenty of the Cheese which is called Parmesan 2 Placentia seated on the Po one of the first Colonies which the Romans planted amongst the Cisalpine Galls and famous for the resistance which it made both to Annibal and Asdrubal who severally in vain besieged it made afterwards the Metropolis of the Province of Aemilia yet nothing the less beautifull for so great an age The fields adjoyning have the same commendation with those of Parma for most excellent Cheese but go beyond for Salt-pits and Mines of Iron which the other wanteth 3 Mirandula a proper Town built in the time of Constans the sonne of Constantine the Great the Patrimony of the noble Family of the Pici of which was Picus de Mirandula that renowned Scholar but held by them as Feudataries to the Dukes of Parma 4 Briscello called antiently Brixellum not far from the chief City Parma of no great note at the present time but memorable in the Roman story for the death of the Emperor Otho who here killed himself For hearing here that his Forces were overthrown by Valens and Cecina Commanders of the Forces of Vitellius then his Competitor for the Empire he rather chose to fall by his own sword than that the Romans should be forced for his sake to renew the war And this he did with so much honour to himself that many of his souldiers slew themselves at his Funerall Pile not out of consciousness of crime on for fear of punishment but to testifie their affections to him and to follow such a brave example as was layd before them So as we may truly say of him as he is sayd by Tacitus to have sayd of himself viz. Alii diutius imperium tenuerunt nemo tam fortiter resiquit 5 Monticella in the middle way almost between Parma and Plancentia and opponte unto Cremona a chief Town of the Dutchy of Millain from which parted by the River Po. These Towns as others in these parts have been partakers of the diversities of fortune as being after the declining of the Western Empire some times under the Venetians most times under the Millanoys and at last couquered by the Popes in the confusions and distractions of the Dukedom of Millain under the two last Princes of the house of Sforza By Paul the 3 d being of the house of the Farnesis the Cities of Parma and Placentia with their Appendixes were given unto his son Petro Aluigi or Petrus Aloysius as the Latins call him with the title of Duke An o 1549. The Signeurie of Camerine which he had lately taken from the Dukes of Urbin being given in recompence to the Church This Petro being a man of most vicious life had amongst other villanies committed an unspeakable violence on the person of Cosâ—â—us Chirius the Bishop of Janum and soon after poysoned him For which most detestable fact he received no other chastisement of his Father than this Haec vitia me non coÌ„monstratore didicit that he was sure he had not learnt those vices by his example But going on in these wicked courses he was slain at last by Count John Aguzzola and Placentia after a short siege yeelded to Ferdinand Gonzaga Vice-Roy in Millain for the Emperor Charles the fifth conceived to be privy to the murder Octavian the sonne of Petro Luigi hearing what had hapned fortified himself in Parma as well as he could but being hated by the new Pope and distrustfull not without good cause of the Emperors purposes he had quite lost it if Henry the second of France had not taken him into his protection For the Emperor Charles fully determined notwithstanding that Octavian had maried his base daughter to have made himself Lord of the Town and the French King was loth to see so great a strength added to the Emperors possessions in Italie When the war had now lasted four years Philip the second which succeeded Charles considering how necessary it was for his affairs in Italie to have this Octavian his friend restored unto him again this Plaisance or Placentia and so withdrew him from the French faction An. 1557. Yet because he would be sure to keep his house in a perpetuall dependance on Spain he restored it not absolutely at the present but held the Citadell thereof with a Spanish Garrison till the year 1583 when in regard of the good services which Alexander Prince of Parma had done him in his Wars against the Hollanders and others of the revolted Provinces he caused it to be surrendred into the hands of his Father Octavian By which and by his setling upon this house the Town and Territory of Novara in the Dukedom of Millam and other personall favours which they have conferred on the Princes of it the Kings of Spain seem to have given some satisfaction to this house for stepping betwixt them and the Kingdom of Portugal to which they might have made such a probable title as would have troubled his Estate had they stood upon it The Dukes of Parma 1549 1 Petro Luigi Farnesis sonne to Paul the third made by the Pope his Father the first Duke of Parma 1550 2 Octavian Farnesis sonne to Petro Lewis maryed Margaret base daughter to Charles the fift afterwards Governess of the Netherlands 3 Alexander sonne of Octavian and Margaret of Austria one of the most renowned Souldiers of his time Governour of the Netherlands for King Philip the 2d. 1592 4 Rainutio Farnesis sonne of Alexander and Mary of Portugal eldest daughter of Edward sonne to King Emanuel one of the competitors for that Crown 5 Edoardo Farnesis sonne of Rannutio Of the Revennes and
divided into the Higher and the Lower the Lower containing the Sea coasts and the Higher the more Inland parts Principall Cities of the whole 1 Constance a Bishops See the Spire or Steeple of whose Cathedrall is easily discernable afar off both by Sea and Land and serveth Saylers for a Landmark From hence the Country hereabouts hath the name of Constantin 2 Auranches situate on a rock with a fair prospect over the English Channell but more neer to Bretagn than the other the chief Citie of the Abrincantes called Ingena by Ptolomie now a Bishops See 3 Caen Cadomum in Latine an Episcopall See as the other Strong populous and well built seated upon the River Orne second in Reputation of the whole Province but more especially famous for the Sepulchre of William the Conquerour the Vniversitie founded here by King Henry the 5th and for the long resistance which it made against him in his Conquest of Normanite 4. Baieux the â—ivitas Baiocassium of Antoninus from whence the Countrie round about hath the name of Bâ—ssin Memorable of a long time for a See Episcopal One of the Bishops whereof called Odo Brother unto William the Conquerour by the Mothers side was by him created Earl of Kent and afterwards on some just displeasure committed Prisoner For which when quarreled by the Pope the Clergie being then exempted from the Secular Powers â—he returned this answer that he had committed the Earl of Kent not the Bishop of Bayeux By which distinction he avoided the Popes displeasure 5. Roven of old Râ—thomarâ—m pleasantly seated on the Seine and watered with the two little Riverets of Robeâ— and Râ—inâ—lie which keep it very sweet and clean The Citie for the most part well built of large circuit and great trading the second for bigness wealth and beauty in all France antiently the Metropolis of this Province and an Arch-Bishops See and honoured of late times with a Court of Parliament erected here by Lewis the twelfth Anno 1501. In the Cathedrall Church hereof a Reverend but no beautifull fabrick is to be seen the Sepulchre of Jâ—hâ— Duke of Bedford and Regent of France for King Henry the sixt which when an envious Courtier perswaded Charles the eighth to deface God forbid saith he that I should wrong him being dead whom living all the power of France was not able to withstand adding withall that he deserved a better Monument than the English had bestowed upon him And to say truth the Tomb is but mean and poor short of the merits of the man and carrying no proportion to so great a vertue 6 Falaise upon the River Ante once of strength and note the dwelling place of Arlette a Skinners Daughter and the Mother of William the Conquerour whom Duke Robert passing through the Town took such notice of as he beheld her in a dance amongst other Damosells that he sent for her to accompany him that night in bed and begot on her William the Bastard Duke of Normandy and King of England Her immodesty that night said to be so great that either in regard thereof or in spite to her Sonne the English called all Strumpets by the name of Harlots the word continuing to this day 7 Vernaville Vernolâ—um in Latine in former times accompted one of the Bulwarks of Normandie against the French Of which it is reported that when news was brought to Richard the first that Philip surnamed Augustuâ— the French King had laid siedge unto it he should say these words I will never turn my back till I have confronted those cowardly French men For performance of which Princely word he caused a passage to be broken thorough the Palace of Westminster and came so unexpected upon his Enemies that they raised their siedge and hastned homewards 8 Alanson of most note for giving the title of Earl and Duke to many Princes of the Royal Familie of Valois beginning in Charles de Valois the Father of Philip de Valois French King and continuing for eight successions till the death of Charles the fourth Duke of this line conferred occasionally after that on many of the younger Princes of the Royal Familie 9. Lysieux on the North-East of Alanson a Bishops See the chief Town of the Lexobii as 10 Caux of the Caletes both placed by Caesar in these parts 11. Eureux an Episcopal See also by Ptolomie called Mediolanium the chief Citie antiently of the Eburones and still a rich and flourishing Town the third in estimation of all this Province 12. Gisors a strong frontire Town towards France whilst Normandie was in the hands of the English or under its own Dukes and Princes notable for the many repulses given unto the French And 13. Pontoyse another frontier upon France so called of the Bridge on the River of Oyse which divides France from Normandie on which the Town is situate and by which well fortified on that side but taken at the second coming of Charles the 7th after an ignominious flight hence upon the noyse only of the coming of the Duke of York commander at that time of the Province and the English Forces 14. Albemarl contractedly Aumerl most memorable for giving the title of Earl to the Noble Familie De Fortibus Lords of Holderness in England and of Duke to Edward Earl of Rutland after Duke of York More towards the Sea 15. S. Valenies seated on a small but secure Bay betwixt Dieppe and New Haven 16. Dieppe at the mouth of a little River so named opening into a large and capacious Bay a Town of Trade especially for the Newfound-Land remarkable for its fidelity to Henry the 4th in the midst of his troubles When the Confederates of the Guisian faction called the Holy League had outed him of almost all the rest of his Cities compelled him to betake himself hither from whence he might more easily hoise Sail for England and called him in derision the King of Dieppe 17. New-Haven the Port Town to Roven and Paris situate at the mouth of the River Seine from hence by great Ships navigable as far as Roven by lesser unto Pont de l' Arch 70 miles from Paris the Bridge of Roven formerly broken down by the English to secure the Town lying unrepaired to this day by means of the Parisians for the better trading of their City By the French it is called Havre de Grace and Franciscopolis by the Latines repaired and fortified the better to confront the English by King Francis the first and from thence so named Delivered by the Prince of Conde and his faction into the hands of Q. Elizabeth of England as a Town of caution for the landing of such forces as she was to send to their relief in the first civil War of France about Religion and by the help of the same faction taken from her again as soon as their differences were compounded By means whereof the Hugonots were not only weakned for the present but made uncapable of any succours out of England for the
passage thorough their countrey but also to have certain places of strength put into his hands for his better assurance These unjust demands the Naâ—arrâ—â—y denied Whereupon Ferdinand with all expedition invadeth the kingdom the greatest part of which he took without a blow given the French King being as backward in affording due assistance as the other was unprovided of means for defence The French netled with this loss divers times attempted the recovery of it but in vain for the Spaniard still keepeth those parts of it which lie on that side of the â—yrenees leaving the rest which lieth on the French side of those Mountains being about a sixt part of the whole to the Descendants of those Princes whom he had disseized The Arms of Navarre are Gales a Carbuncle nowed Or. Which Carbuncle having a resemblance unto 〈◊〉 of Gold is said to have been first taken by Sancho the 8th in memorie that he and his Forces had first broken the Fortification made with chaines about the Pavilion of Mahomet Enaser the Meramomolin of Morocco at the great fight in Sierra Morena before which time the Armes of this Kingdom had been Azure a Cross Argent The chief order of Knighthood was of the Lilly begun by Garcia the sixth their Blazen a pot of Lillies with the Portraiture of our Lady ingraved upon it their duty to defend the Faith and daily to repeat certain Ave-Maries 4. LEON and OVIEDO THe Kingdom of LEON and OVIEDO hath on the East the Countrie of Biscay on the North the main Cantabrian Ocean on the South Castile on the West Gallicia So called from Leon and Oviedo the chief Cities of it and first seat of their Kings the antientest Kingdom in all Spain By a more antient name it was called Asturia from the Astures who possessed it in the time of the Romans divided into the two generall names of Augustani and Transmontani but comprehending the particular Tribes or Nations of the Pesici Gigari Zoclae and Lancienses The Countrey mountainous and woodie but formerly of some esteem for those small though swift Horses which the Romans from hence called Asturcones we may read it Hobbies which afterwards became a common name for all Nags or Gueldings Asturco Macedoniâ—us being used for a Macedonian Nag by Petronius Arbiter It is divided commonly into two parts that is to say Asturia de Oviedo bordering on Gallicia towards the West and 2 Asturia Santillana confining on Biscay towards the â—ast From which division of the Countrey the eldest Son of Castile is called Prince of the Asturias in the plural number which Title some suppose to be given unto them because it was the first Countrey which held up against the Moores But indeed the true Original hereof is referred by the best Spanish Writers to the time of the mariage of Catharine Daughter of Iohn of Gaunt and in right of her Mother Constance the right Heir of Castile unto Henry Sonne of Iohn the first then in possession of that Kingdom For to this new maried Couple it was granted saith Mariana that after the manner of England where the Heir Apparant is called Prince of Wales they should be called Princes of the Asturias In times succeeding the Towns of Iaen Vbeda Biatia and Anduiar were added to this Principate and so continued to this day Places of most importance in it 1. Avales on the Sea side not far from the Promontorie called of old Promontorium Scythicum but now Cabo de Pinas 2. Sublanco now a small vâ—llage but once a Town of so great strength that it was destroyed by the command of the Emperour Nerva lest it might animate these Mountainers unto a revolt 3. LEON situate at the foot of the Mountains not far from the place of the old Sublancia as it was then called The town but mean were it not beautified by a fair and large Cathedral the Bishop whereof acknowledgeth no Metropolitan but the Pope alone Recovered from the Moores Anno 722. Afterwards made the Regal Seat of the Kings of Leon by some called Legio because the 7th Legion was here lodged by Ptolomie called Legio Germanica and by others Gemina 4. S. Andera so named from a Church there built to the honour of S. Andrew by Ptolomie called Flavionavie now a wel-traded Port on the Cantabrian Ocean 5. Santillana which gives name to the Eastern part of Asturia 6. Lâ—anes where the two Asturias meet together 7. Civid id Reâ—l in the Western part of Asturia called Asturia de Oviedo 8. Villa Viciosa the only noted Port in this part of the Countrie 9. OVIEDO called for a time the Citie of Bishops because many of the Bishops of Spain dispossessed of their Churches by the Moores had retired thither and there preserved the line of Episcopal Succession till their Sees were filled again with Bishops in more happy times Antiently it was called Lucus Asturum and was of old a Bishops See reedified by King Froila the first in the yeer 757. Famous enough in giving the title of a Kingdom to the first Christian Princes after the Conquest by the Moores called from hence Kings of Oviedo Afterwards Anno 896. they began to be stiled Kings of Oviedo and Leon and at last Kings of Leon only Oviedo being quite leâ—t out of the Regal stile by Raymir the 2d Anno 904. More toward the Inlands of this Kingdom now reckoned part of old Castile are 10. Palenza the Pallantia of Ptolomie and Antoninus seated on the River â—â—arrion once a small Vniversitie till the translation of it unto Salamanca by King Ferdinand the third This Town first felt the furie of the Suâ—vians when they mastered these parts of Spaiâ— 11. Astorga antiently called Augusta Asturica whence the Astures of this tract were called Augustani a Bishops See frontiring on Gallicia happy in this that it felt not the fury of the lustfull King Vitiza who to secure himself in his unlawfull pleasures and to weaken his subjects if they should attempt any thing against him dismantelled all the Towns in his Dominions except Leon Toledo and this Astorga Who were the old Inhabitants of this Countrie hath been shewn already When conquered by â—ugustus Caesar they were under part of the Province of Tarragonensis part afterwards of the Prâ—vince of Gallicia by the Emp Constant Won from the Romans by the Gothes from them by the Moâ—res though long they did not lye under their command For as the lust of Roderick the last King of the Gothes in Spain occasioned the coming in of the Moores so the lust of Magnuâ—zâ— a Moorâ—◠〈◊〉 Roy occasioned though in long course of time their expulsion thence For Magnutzâ— having employed Pelagius a young Prince of the â—sturias on an Embassy to Musa the Leiutenant General 〈◊〉 the Moores then residing at Corduba in his absence ravished his Sister and at his return died by 〈◊〉 edge of his sword Dispairing of pardon for this Act he was fain to stand upon his guard and for
of their Husbands Estates and there equall share in all Lands yea even such as are holden in Knights service privileges wherewith other Women are not acquainted Of high esteem in former times amongst forrein Nations for the modestie and gravitie of their conversation but of late times so much addicted to the light garb of the French that they have lost much of their antient honour and reputation amongst knowing and more sober men of forrein Countries who before admired them 6 The Wooll of Enâ—land is of exceeding fineness especially that of Cotswold in Glocestershire that of Lemster in Herefordshire and of the Isle of Wight Of this Wooll are made excellent broad-clothes dispersed all over the world especially High Germany Muscovy Turkie and Persia to the great benefit of the Realm as well in return of so much money which is made of them as in setting to work so many poor people who from it receive sustenance Before the time of King Edward the 3d English men had not the art or neglected the use of making cloth till whose time our Wooll was transported unwrought And as his Successors have laid Impositions on every cloth sold out of the Realm so his Predecessors had as their occasions required some certain Customes granted on every sack of Wooll In the beginning of this Edwards Warres with France the Cities and Towns of Flanders being then even to admiration rich combined with him and ayded him in his Warres against that King And he for his part by the composition then made was to give them 140000 l. ready money to ayd them by Sea and Land if need required and to make Bâ—uges then one of the great Mart Towns of Christendome the Staple for his Woolls Here the Staple continued 15 yeers at which time the Flemmings having broke off from the King and he having by experience seen what the benefit of these Staples were removed them from Bruges into England And for the ease as well of his Subjects in bringing their Woolls unto the Ports as of such Forrein Merchants as came to buy he placed his Staples at Excester Bristoll Winchester Westminster Chichester Canterbury Norwich Lincoln York and Newcastle for England at Caermarden for Wales and at Dublin Waterford Cork and Tredah for Ireland He further Enacted that no English Irish or Welch men should transport this Stapled commodity no not by License if any such should be granted on pain of Confiscation and Imprisonment during the Kings pleasure Lastly he allured over hither divers Flâ—mmings which taught our men the making of clothes who are now grown the best Clothworkers in the World and to encourage men in that Art it was by a Statute of the 27th of Edward the 3d enacted to be Felony to carry any Woolls unwrought When England had some short time enjoyed the benefit of these Staples the King removed them to Callice which he had Conquered and desired to make wealthy From hence they were at severall times and occasions translated now to one now to another Town in Belgium and still happy was that Town in what Country soever where the English kept a house for this Traffick the confluence of all people thither to buy infinitely inriching it Antwerp in Brabant long enjoyed the English Merchants till upon some discontents between King Henry the 7th and Maximilian Archduke and Lord of Belgium they removed but at their return again were received by the Antwerpians with solemn Procession Princely Triumph sumptuous Feasts rare Banquettings and expressions of much Love but more Ioy. And the giving of some Cotswold Sheep by Edward the 4th to Henry of Castile and John of Aragon Anno 1465. is counted one of the greatest prejudices that ever hapned to this Kingdom The Wooll transported bringeth into the Kingdom no less than 1500000 l. and the Lead half the summe so that Lewis Guicciardine reporteth that before the Warres of the Low-Countries the Flemmings and the English bartered wares yeerly for 12 Millions of Crowns The next commodity to the Wooll though not mentioned in the verse fore-going are the rich and inexhaustible Mines of Cole Lead and Tinne to say nothing of the Mines of Iron as bringing more damage to the publick by the spoil of Woods than profit to particular persons in the increase of their Estates The mines of Cole chiefly enrich Newcastle in Northumberland and by that the great City of London and many other good Towns besides which could not possibly subsist in this generall decay of Woods and neglect of planting but by this commoditie The Mines of Lead are most considerable in the Peak of Darbishire those of Tinne in Cornwall where they digge Tinne not much inferior to Silver in fineness A commodity which brought great wealth to England in former times the art of making it not being elsewhere known in Europe till one of the Tinne-workers flying out of England for a murder passed into Germany Anno 1240. and there discovered some Tinne Mines in Misnia not known before and set on Foot that trade amongst them to the great prejudice saith my Author of the Earls of Cornwall who had before the sole Monopolie of that usefull metall To these particulars being matters of profit and necessity If I would add such things as are for delight and pleasure I might subjoyn the Bells and Parks for which this Kingdom is as eminent among forein Nations as for any of those mentioned in the said old Verse The Bells so many tunable and of such excellent Melody to a Musicall eare brought more to the command of the skilfull ringer than in former times that it is thought there are more good Rings of Bells in this part of the Iland than in half Christendom besides Parkes more in England than in all Europe The first of which kind for the inclosing of Venison being that of Woodstock made by King Henry the first whose example being followed by his Successors and the Lords and great men of the Realm the number so increased in a little time that at the last besides 55 Forrests and 300 Chases there were reckoned 745 Parkes in England all well replenished either with Red or Fallow Deere And that the Deere might graze with pleasure and the Sheep with safety great care was taken by our progenitors for the destruction of Wolves I know it hath been a tradition of old Writers that England never had any Wolves at all and that they would not live here brought from other places but it is not so here being store of them till Edgar King of England commuted the 20 l. of Gold 300 l. of Silver and 300 head of Cattell imposed as an yearly tribute by King Athelstane upon Idwallo Prince of Wales for the like yearly tribute of 300 Wolves by which means they were quite rooted out in time the Welch protesting at the last they could find no more The Air of this Country is very temperate neither so hot as France and Spain in the Summer because of its
its own as each Diocese had residing in the same Citie with the Vicar or Lieutenant Generall which was then at York of as great power and jurisdiction in the Isle of Britain as any Patriarch of Alexandria Rome or Antioch in their severall Patriarchates The Metropolitans were no more than before they were It being ordered by a Canon of the Councill of Chalcedon that their number should not be augmented by any alteration made of the Roman Provinces As for the Forces which the Romans kept here in continuall pay as well to keep their Coasts and Frontires against the Enemy as for retayning of the Natives in their due obedience they came in all if Panciroll be not mistaken in his reckoning to 23000 Foot and 2000 Horse three Legions keeping here their constant and continuall Residence that is to say the sixt Legion surnamed Victrix at York the 20th Legion surnamed also Victrix at West-Chester and the second Legion sometimes at Isca Danmoniorum which we now call Exeter sometimes at Isca Siluâ—um which is now Caer-Leon upon Usk Which Legions with their Aides and Cohorts may well make up the number spoken of before Of so high estimaton was this Iland in the State of Rome Yet could not all these Forces so preserve the Countrie from forrein Enemies but that in the declining of the Roman Empire the Saxons made great spoyles on the coasts thereof as did the Scots and Picts on the Northern borders against all which the Romans held out well enough and made good their ground till the recalling of the Legions out of Britain for defence of Italy it self then wasted and destroyed by the barbarous nations Which hapned in or about the yeer of Christ 407 and some 470 yeers from the first invasion Honorius being at that time the Roman Emperour and Victorinuâ— the last Governour for the Empire in the Isle of Britain For though the noble Aetiuâ— on the Petition and complaint of the slaughtered people unmercifully butchered by the Scots and Picts sent some small forces to assist them against those Enemies yet were they presently called back for defence of Gaul against the Hunnes breaking in upon it out of Italie And then the wretched Britains hopeless of all help from Rome and being unable by their own strength to repell the Enemy by reason of their long ease and disuse of Arms applied themselves to Aldroenus King of Armorica in France called Little Britain a Prince extracted from the same stock for relief and succour whose Brother Constantine according to the British storie passing over with a competent Army and having valiantly repulsed the barbarous people was crowned King of Britain the first of a new race of Kings which swayed the Scepter with much trouble and continual conflicts either against the Scots or Saxons till they were finally subdued and shut up in Wales Those of most observation in the course of storie were 1 Constantine the first King and the restorer of the Countrie to Peace and quiet traiterously murdered by a Pict 2 Vortiger E. of the Gevilles now Cornwall Protector of Constantius the Sonne of Constantine taken out of a Monastery after whose death wherein he was conceived to have had an hand he got the Kingdom to himself but being unable to defend it against the Enemy and make his title also good against the other children of Constantine first called in the Saxons 3 Vortimer eldest Sonne of Vâ—rtiger who overthrew the Saâ—ons in many battels but in the midst of his successes was poysoned by Rowena a Saxon Lady second Wife of Vortiger 4 Arthur one of the Worlds nine Worthies of whom the Moâ—kish writers and other Lâ—gendaries report so many idle and impossible actions Doubtless he was a Prince of most perfect vertue a great Preserver of his Countrie from approaching ruine and worthy of the pen of an able Panegyrist by whom his brave atchievements might have come entire unto us without the intermixture of those feats of Chivalry affabulated to him and his Kuights of the Round-table For by the overstraining of some Monkish Writers Geofry of Monmouth and the rest they have given too just occasion to posterity to suspect that vertue which they intended to advance and filled us with as much ignorance of the story as admiration of the persons But this hath not been the ill hap of King Arthur and his Nobles onely Charlemagne and the Twelve Peers of France men of great vertue and renown suffering as deeply in the same kind by the solly of the French Romances It is affirmed of this Arthur but how true I know not that he began the custome of celebrating the Nativity of our Lord and Saviour for the twelve dayes following with such pastimes and sports as are or have been used of late by the Lords of Misrule in some Gentlemens houses an Institution which the Scotish Writers of those times much blame perhaps not unjustly it being a time more sit for our devotions than such rude disports But to proceed King Arthur dying left the Crown to 5 Constantine the Sonne of Cador Duke of Cornwall his neerest kinsman slain by Aâ—relius Conanuâ— his own Nephew who succeeded after him which fraction did so weaken the distressed Britans that they were forced to withdraw themselves beyond the Severn as 6 Careticus or Caradoc by the joynt forces of the Saxons to charge the plain Countries beyond the Severn for the safer but more fruitless Mountains Of the rest till Cadwaâ—lader there is little left of any certainty but their names only which are thus ranked in the second race of The Kings of Britain after the withdrawing of the Romans A. C. 433. 1 Constantine 10. 443. 2 Constantius 3. 446. 3 Vortiger 18. 464. 4 Vortimer his Sonne 7. 471. 5 Vortiger again 10. 481. 6 Aurelius Ambrosius 19. 500. 7 Uter Pendragon 6. 506. 8 Arthur 36. 542. 9 Constantine II. 4. 546. 10 Aurel. Conanus 30. 576. 11 Vortipor 4. 580. 12 Malgo. 6. 586. 13 Caneticus or Caradoc 27. 613. 14 Cadwan 22. 635. 15 Cadwallan 43. 687. 16 Cadwallader the last King of the Briâ—ans who on a superstitious zeal travelled in pilgrimage to Rome there to receive the habit of a Religious Order from the hands of Pope Sergius where he died not long after Anno 689. After whose death his Successors were no longer called Kings of Britain but Kings or Princes of Wales And there we shall be sure to find them And so the Britans leave the Stage and the Saxons enter a great and potent Nation amongst the Germans but greater by the aggregation of many people under their name and service than in themselves the Jutes and Angles joyning with them and passing in Accompt as the same one Nation Their Countries different as their names untill this Conjunction but neighbouring neer enough to unite together the Angles dwelling at the first in that part of the Cimbrian Chersonese which we now call Sleswick where still the Town called Angoleâ— doth preserve
Mediolanium now Llanvillin in the County of Montgomerie By these three Nations was all that tract possessed which lyeth on the other side of the Severn a very stout and hardie people and so impatient of the yoke that two of the three Legions which the Romans kept constantly in Britain as before is said were planted in and neer these people the better to contein them in due obedience that is to say the second Legion at Caer Leon upon Usk of which more anon and the twentieth at Deuvana where now stands West-Chester So difficult a thing it was to make this Nation subject to the power of Rome and no less difficult to bring them under the command of the Saxons whom they withstood when all the rest of Britain had been conquered by them and lived to see their Victors overcome by the Normans before themselves had yielded to a forrain yoke The Christian Faith planted amongst the Britans in the time of Lucius they still retained when all the residue of the Iland had replapsed to Paganism and they retained it not in secret as afraid to own it but in a well-constituted Church Insomuch that Angustine the Monk when he first preached the Gospell to the English Saxons found here no fewer than seven Bishops that is to say Herefordensis Tavensis Paternensis Banchorensis Elwiensis Wicciensis and Morganensis or rather Menevensis all which excepting onely Paternensis doe still remain amongst us though in other names Hereford and Worcester Wicciensis reckoned now in England S. Davids or Menevensis Tavensis or Landaff Bangor and Elwyensis or S. Asaph in Wales according to the present boundaries and limits of it And as they did retain the Faith so they retained it after the tradition of their Predecessors neither submitting unto Augustine as Archbishop of Canterbury nor to the Pope from whom he came as Occumenicall or châ—ef Pastor of the Church of Christ nor receiving any new doctrines or traditions from them but standing on those principles of Liberty and Religion which they were possessed of till all the world almost had yeelded to that powerfull See Not manumitted from the vassalage and thraldom to it till they embraced the Reformation of the Church of England in Doctrine Discipline and Worship the Liturgie whereof was by the command of Queen Elizabeth translated into the Welch or 〈◊〉 as the Bible also was by vertue of an Act of Parliament in the fift of that Queen the care thereof committed to the Bishop of Hereford and the four Bishops of Wales But because the Bible then set forth was onely in the large Church volume it was in the beginning of the Reign of King Charles reduced to a more portable Bulk at the cost and charge of my Cousin Mr. Rowland 〈◊〉 one oâ— the Aldermen of London who also caused the book called The Practice of Pieâ—ie to be printed in that Language for the instruction of the People and a Welch or British Dictionarie to be made and published for the understanding of the Language But to return unto the Church and affairs thereof for the better ordering of the same it hath been long agoe divided into four Dioceses besides that of Herefora for the exercise of â—ccleâ—acall Discipline those Dioceses subdivided into 9 Archdcaconries as before in England all subject heretofore to their own Pâ—â—mate or Archbishop residing in the City of Isca Silurum the â—eâ—repolis of the Province of Britannia Secunda called by the â—â—elch or Britans Caâ—-â—eon or the Citie of the Legion from the second Legion fixt there for defence of the Province and Caâ—-Leon upon â—sk because situate on the River so named But this City being too much exposed to the sury of the Saxons the Archiepiscopall See was translated to Menew standing on a Promontoâ—â—e in the extreme Angle of Pembrokeshire by David then Archbishop thereof and neer of â—in to Arthur that renowned King of the Britans from whom in tract of time the name of Menew being left off the See and Citie came to be called S. Davids From David unto Samson the 26 Archbishop of the VVelch being above 400 yeers did they hold this dignity but then the Pestilence extremely raging in these parts Archbish Samson carried with him the Episcopall Pall and therewith the dignity it self to Dole in Bretagne After which time we hear of no Archbishops in Wales in name and title though the power proper thereunto still remained amongst them the VVelch Bishops acknowledging no other Primate nor receiving consecratioâ— from any other hands than their own Bishop of S. Davids till Bishop Bernard was compelled to submit himself to the power and jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury in the time of King Henry the first But its time to look upon the face of the Country as it stands at the present which we find mountainous and barren not able to maintain its people but by helps elsewhere To make amends for which defect there were some Silver mines discovered in it not long since by Sir Hugh Middlâ—ton Knight and Baronet not onely to the great honour of his own Countrie but to the profit and renown of the whole Iland of Great Britain Their chief commodities are course Clothes entituled commonly by the name of Welch Freeze and Cottons which Merchandise was heretofore brought to Oswestâ—e the furthest Town of Shropshire as the common Emporie and there bought by the Merchants of Shrewsbury But the Welch coveting to draw the Staple more into their own Countrey occasioned the Merchant to hold off from buying their commodities till in the end the Merchant got the better of them and inforced them to settle the whole trade at Shrewshury where it still continueth To speak of Mountains in a Country which is wholly mountainous were a thing unnecessary yet of most note are those of 1 Snowdon 2 Brechâ—n 3 Rarduvaure and 4 Plinlimmon Not much observable but for their vast height and those many notable Rivers which issue from them The principall whereof are 1 Dee in Latine called Deva arising out of Rarduvaure hils in Merionethshire and running into the Sea not far from Chester Over this River Edgar King of England was rowed triumphantly in his Barge by eight inferiour Kings Vassals and Tributaries to him that is to say Kenneth King of the Scots Malcolm King of Cumberland Mac-cuâ—s King of the Isles Dufwall Gryffith Howel lago and Indethel Princes or Kings of Wales using these words to such as attended on him that then his Successors might call themselves Kings of England when they did the like This was in the yeer 973 and the last of his reigne 2 Wie in Latine called Vaga arising from Plinlimmon hils and emptying it self into the Severn at Chepstow More in the heart of the Countrie for these are but borderers for the greatest part of their course 3 Câ—nwy which rising in Merionethshire and dividing the Counties of Denbigh and Caâ—narvon mingleth with the Sea at Abur Conwey 4 Tyvie which rising in Montgomeryshire and
passing between the Counties of Cardigan Pembroke and Carmarthen runneth into the Sea a little below Cardigan 5 Chedlaydy which running quite thorow Pembrokeshire emptieth it self into Milford Haven one of the most capacious and safest havens not of England onely but of all the world The men are of a faithfull carriage towards all men especially towards one another in a strange Countrie and towards strangers in their own Of a temper questionless much inclining to choler as being subject to the passion by Aristotle called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by which men are quickly moved to anger and as soon appeased of all angers the best and noblest Their Language the old British hath the least commixture of forein words of any in Europe and by reason of its many Consonants and gutturall Letters is not so pleasing as some others in the Pronunciation A Language not much studied by those of other Nations in regard that such of the Inhabitants who have addicted themselves to learning have rather chose to express themselves in the Latine or English tongues than that of their own Native Countrie The principall of which not to say any thing of Merlin the Tages of the Welch or British were 1 Gildas for his great knowledge surnamed Sapiens 2 Geofry of Monmouth and 3 Giraldus Cambrensis the Historians and of later times 4 William Morgan the Translator of the Bible into Welch for which performance most deservedly made Bishop of Landâ—ff 5 Sir Iohn Price the Antiquary 6 Owen the Epigrammatist c. The whole Countrey not taking the Counties of Shropshire and Monmouth into the reckoning containing in it 12 Shires onely of which seven were set out by King Edward the first that is to Pembroke Carmarden Cardigan Merioneth Angleser and Carnarvon The other five viz the Counties of Denbigh Flint Montgomery Radnâ—r and Bâ—ccâ—nock were after added out of the Marchlands by King Henry the 8th These 12 Shires are again contracted or subdivided into 4 Circuits for the administration of Iustice Of which the first containeth the Countâ—â— of Montgomery Flint and Denbigh the second those of Carnarvon Anglesey and Merieâ—â—â—â— the third those of Carwarden Cardigan and Pembroke and the fourth those of Glamorgan Brâ—câ—nock and 〈◊〉 In these 12 Shires are reckoned one Chase 13 Forests 36 Parks 230 Rivers and an hundred Bridges They contain also 1016 Parishes amongst which four Cities 55 Market-Towns and â—â— Castles on the old erection The Câ—ties small poor and inconsiderable The Market Towns the especially on the Marches and outparts of the Countrie very fair and strong as being not only built for commerce and trade but fortified with Walls and Castles to keep in the Welch and so employed till the incorporating Wales with England took away all occasion of the old hostilities And for the Castles in the In-lands partly by the iniquity of time which is Edax rerum but chiesly by the policie of the Kings of England who would not suffer any places of strength to remain in a Countrie almost inaccessible and amongst men apt to take the advantage offered the very ruines of them are now brought to ruine But to proceed more particularly the four Cities or Episcopall Sees are 1 S. Davids formerly the 〈◊〉 of Wales situate on the Promontorie in Pembrokeshire by the Antients called Octopitae in a safe place and far enough from the Saxons whom the Welch most feared but incommodious enough for all the rest of the Clergie to repair unto it and not so safe neither unto the Inhabitants of it in respect of sundry other nations who have often spoyled and defaced it For standing neer the Sea it hath been frequently visited and spoyled by the Danes Norwegians and other Boats insomuch that the Bishops were inforced to remove their dwelling to Caermarthen which brought the City small enough before when it was at the biggest to the condition of a Village 2 LLâ—â—ndâ—â—â—â— upon the River Taffe whence it took the name LLan in the Welch or British signifying a Church LLandaffe the Church upon the Taffe the Bishops whereof derive their Lineall succession from those of Caer-Leon upon Vsk though the Primacie or Archbishops See were removed to Menew A small Town now it is God wot nothing to rank it for a City but the Cathedrall Church and the Prebends houses 3 St Asaph a small Town in Flintshire so called from St. Asoph the second Bishop hereof left here by Kentigern a Scot by whom the Cathedrall Church was founded about the year 560. Situate on the banks of the River Elwy thence called LLan-Elwe by the Welch the Bishop Elwyensis in some Latine Writers 4 Bangor upon the Menai a branch of the Irish Sea of no more beauty and renown than the other three but onely for the Cathedrall founded here by the first Bishops defaced by Owen Glendower and afterwards reedified by Henry Dean Bishop hereof An. 1496. Towns of chief note for these Cities have not much in them which is worth the nothing are 1 Slrewsbury counted now in England but heretofore the seat of the Princes of Ponysland who had here their Palace which being burnt in some of their broyls with England is now converted into Gardens for the use of the Townsmen The Town well traded and frequented by the Welch and English the common Emporie of both well built and strongly situate on a rising ground almost encompassed with the Severn that part thereof which is not senced with the River being fortified with a very strong Castle the work of Roger de Montgomery the first Earl hereof An. 1067. Over the River for convenience of passage it hath two Bridges and but two the one towards England and the other called the Welch-bridge which is towards Wales built by Leoline or LLewellen the first one of the Princes of north-Northwales whose they conceive to be that Statua which is there standing on the Gate Remarkable since the times of King Henry the sixt for giving the title of Earl to the Noble Family of the Talbots a Family of great honour and as great an Estate till the parcelling 〈◊〉 the Lands betwixt the Daughters and Co-heirs of Gilbert Talbot late Earl hereof according to the ill custom of England where many times the Estate goes to the Females and the Honour with nothing to mainiain it to the next Heir Male. 2 Banchor by Beda called 〈◊〉 a famous Monastery of the Britans conteining above 2000 Monks attending their devotions at the times appointed at other times labouring for their livelihood most cruelly and unmercifully slaughtered by the Saxons at the instigation of Austin the first Archbishop of Canterbury offended that they would not yeeld unto his autoritie 3 Carnarvon on the Menaâ— before-mentioned not far from Bangor the Monastery of Banchor being in Flintshire well walled and fortified with a strong Castle by King Edward the first after his conquest of the Countrie formerly much resorted to for the Chancery and Exchequer of the Princes of north-North-Wales 4 Denâ—â—â—h
well seated on the banks of the River Istrad which from thence runnes into the Cluyd the fairest River of all those parts A Town well traded and frequented especially since it was made by King Henry the 8th the head-Town of a Countie before which time of great resort as being the head-Town of the Baronie of Denbigh conceived to be one of the goodliest territories in England having more Gentlemen holding of it than any other 5 Mathravall not far from Montgomery heretofore a fair and capacious Town honoured with the Palace and made the chief Seat of the Princes of Powys-land thence called Kings of Matraâ—asâ— now a poor village 6 Cacrmar then Maridunum antiently whence the modern name the Britans adding Caer unto it not called so from Caer-Merlin or the Citie of Meâ—lin inchanted by the Lady of the Lake in a deep Cave hereabouts as old Fablers and Romances tels ns A fair large Town beautified with a Collegiate Church to which there was a purpose in the time of King Edward the â—th of removing the Episcopall See from S. Davids Not far off on the top of an Hill stands Dinâ—vour Castle the chief Seat of the Princes of south-South-Wales thence called Kings of Dinevour who had their Chancery and Exchequer in the Town of Caermarthen 7 Haverford Wâ—st situate in the Chersonese or Demy-Iland of Pembrâ—ke-shire by the Welch called Ross by the English Little England beyond Wales by reason of the English tongue there spoken a Town the best traded and frequented of all South Wales 8 Milford in the same County of Pembroke famous for giving name to the most safe and capacious Haven in all the Iland consisting of sundry ' Creeks Bavs and Roads for Ships which makes it capable of entertaining the greatest Navie the landing place of Henry the 7th when he came for England 9 Monmâ—â—th situate at the mouth or influx of the River Munow where it falleth into the Wie whence it had the name A Town belonging antiently to the House of Lancaster the birth place of King Henry the â—ift called Henry of Monmouth That one particular enough to renown the place and therefore we shall add no more 10 Ludlow a Town of great resort by reason of the Court and Councell of the Marches kept here for the most part ever since the incorporating of Wales with England for the ease of the Welch and bordering Subjects in their sutes at Law Situate on the confluence of the â—emd and Corve and beautified with a very strong Castle the Palace heretofore of some of the Princes of Wales of the blood Royal of England at such times as they resided in this Countrey of which more anon and of late times the ordinary Seat of the Lord President of Wales now reckoned as all Shrop-shire on that side the Severn as a part of England Of Anglesey and the Towns thereof we shall speak hereafter now taking notice only of Aberfâ—aw the Royall Seat sometimes of the Princes of north-North-wales called thence Kings of Aberfâ—aw The Storie of the Britans till the time of Cadwallader their last King we have had before After whose retirement unto Rome the whole name and Nation became divided into three bodies that is to say the Cornish-Britans the Britans of Cumberland and the Britans of Walâ—s The Cornish-Britans governed by their own Dukes till the time of Egbert the first Monarch of England by whom subdued Anno 809 and made a Province of that kingdom The Britans of Cumberland had their own Kings also some of whose names occur in Storie till the yeer 946. when conquered by Edmund K. of England the Son of Athelstaâ— But the main body of them getting into the mountainous parts beyond the Severn did there preserve the name and reputation of their Countrey although their Princes were no longer called Kings of Britain but of the Wallish-men or Welch and much adoe they had to make good that Title all the plain Countrey beyond Severn being taken from them by Offa King of the Mercâ—â—anâ— and themselves made Tributaries for the rest by Egbert before mentioned by Athelstan afterwards Which last imposed a tribute on them of 20 pounds of Gold 300 pounds of Silver and 200 head of Cattel yeerly exchanged in following times for a tribute of Wolves But howsoever they continued for a time the Title of Kings whose names are thus set down by Glover in his Catalogue of Honour published by Milles. The Kings of Wales A. Ch. 690. 1 Idwallo Sonne of Cadwallader 720. 2 Rodorick 25. 755. 3 Conan 63. 818. 4 Mervin 25. 843. 5 Rodorick II. surnamed the Great who divided his Kingdom small enough before amongst his Sonnes giving Guinedâ—h or North-Wales to Amarawdh his eldest Sonne to Cadel his second Sonne Deheubarth or Souh-Wales and Powis-land to his youngest Sonne Mervin conditioned that the two younger Sonnes and their Successors should hold their Estates in Fee of the Kings of North-Wales and acknowledge the Soveraignty thereof as Leigemen and Homâ—gers According unto which appointment it was ordained in the Constitutions of Howell Dha the Legislator of Wales that as the Kings to Abersraw were bound to pay 63 pounds in way of tribute to the Kings of London â—o the Kings of Dynevour and Matravall should pay in way of tribute the like summe to the Kings of Abersraw But notwithstanding the Reservation of the Soveraignty to the Kings of North-Wales Roderick committed a great Soloecism in point of State by this dismembâ—ing of his Kingdom especially at a time when all the kingdoms of the Saxons were brought into one and that one apt enough upon all occasions to work upon the weakness of the neighbouring Welch which had they been continued under one sole Prince might have preserved their Liberty and themselves a Kingdom as well as those of Scotland for so long a time against the power and puissance of the Kings of England Yet was not this the worst of the mischier neither his Successors subdividing by his example their small Estates into many insomuch that of the eight tributary Kings which rowed King Edgar on the Dee five of them were the Kings or Princes of Wales But Roderick did not think of that which was to come whom we must follow in our Storie according to the Division of the Countrey made by him into three Estates of North-Wales South-Wules and Powys-land 1. NORTH-WALES or Guinedth contained the Counties of Merioneth and Carnarvon the Isle of Aaglesey and the greatest parts of Denbigh and Flint-shires The chief Towns whereof are Bangor Denbigh Carnarvon Abersraw spoken of before and some in Anglesey whereof we shall speak more hereafter The Countrey Anglesey excepted the most barren and unfruitfull part of all Wales but withall the safest and furthest from the danger of the incroaching English which possibly might be the reason why it was set out for the portion of the Eldest Sonne in whom the Soveraignty of the Welch was to be preserved by the Kings or Princes of north-North-wales A.
over against the Southern part of Cumberland and from which it is distant 25 miles and was judged to belong to Britain rather than to Ireland because it fostered venemous Serpents brought hither out of Britain By Ptolomie it is called Monoeda or the further Mona to difference it from that which we now call Anglesey by Plinie Monabia Menavia by Orosius and Beda Eubonia by Gildas an old British Writer The Welch at this day call it Menaw the Inhabitants Maning and the English Man It is in length 30 miles in bredth 15 and 8 in some places The people hate theft and begging and use a Language mixt of the Norwegian and Irish tongues The soyl is abundant in Flax Hemp Oates Barley and Wheat with which they use to supply the defects of Scotland if not the Continent it self yet questionless the Western Iles which are a Member of it For thus writeth the Reverend Father in God Iohn Moricke late Bishop of this Iland in a letter to Mr. Camden at such time as he was composing his most excellent Britannia Our Iland saith he for cattell for fish and for corn hath not only sufficient for it self but sendeth also good store into other Countries now what Countries should need this supply England and Ireland being aforehand with such provision except Scotland or some members thereof I see not Venerable Bede numbred in it 300 Families and now it is furnished with 17 Parish Churches The chief Towns are 1 Balâ—curi and 2 Russin or Castle-Town the seat of a Bishop who though he be under the Archbishop of York yet never had any voice in the English Parliament In this Iland is the hill Sceafull where on a clear day one may see England Scotland and Ireland here also are bred the Soland Geese of rotten wood falling into the water This Iland was taken from the Britans by the Scots and from them regained by Edwin King of Northumberland Afterwards the Norwegians seized on it and made it a Kingdom the Kings hereof ruling over the Hebrides and some part of Ireland From them taken by Alexander the 3d of Scotland by a mixt title of Arms and purchase after which time it was sometimes English sometimes Scotish as their fortunes varied till in the end and about the year 1340. William Montacute Earl of Salisbury descended from the Norwegian Kings of Man won it from the Scots and sold it to the Lord Scrope who being condemned of Treason Henry the fourth gave it to Henry Piercy Earl of Northumberland but he also proving false to his Soveraign it was given to the Stanleys now Earls of Darby The Kings of Man of the Danish or Norwegian Race 1065. 1 Godred the Sonne of Syrric 1066. 2 Fingall Sonne of Godred 1066. 3 Godred II. Sonne of Harald 1082. 4 Lagnan Eldest Sonne of Godred the 2d 1089. 5 Donnald Sonne of Tado 1098. 6 Magnus King of Norwey 1102. 7 Olave the 3d Sonne of Godred 1144. 8 Godred III. Sonne of Olave 1187. 9 Reginald base Sonne of Godred the 3d. 1226. 10 Olâ—ve the lawfull Sonne of Godred the 3d. 1237. 11 Harald Sonne of Olave 1243. 12 Reginald II. Brother of Harald 1252. 13 Magnus II. Brother of Reginald 1266. 14 Magnus III. King of Norway the last King of Man of the Danish or Norwegian Race The Kings and Lords of Man of the English Blood 1340. 1 William Montacute Earl of Salisbury King of Man 1395. 2 William Lord Scrope King of Man 1399. 3 Henry Earl of Northumberland King of Man 1403. 4 William Lord Stanley Lord of the Isle of Man 5 Iohn Lord Stanley 6 Thomas Lord Stanley 7 Thomas Lord Stanley Earl of Darby 1503. 8 Thomas Lord Stanley Early of Darby 1521. 9 Edward Lord Stanley Earl of Darby 1572. 10 Henry Lord Stanley Earl of Darby 1593. 11 Ferdmando Lord Stanley Earl of Darby 12 William Lord Stanley Early of Darby 13 Iames Lord Stanley Earl of Darby Lord of the Isle of Man now living Anno 1648. King in effect though but Lord in title as having here all kind of Civill power and jurisdiction over the Inhabitants under the Feife and Sovereignty of the Crown of England together with the nomination of the Bâ—shop whom he presents unto the King for his Royall assent then to the Arch-Bishop of York for his consecration And this I take to be the reason why the Bishop of Man was no Lord of Parliament none being admitted to that honour but such as held immediately of the King himself nor was it reason that they should V. ANGLESEY is an Iland situate in the Irish Sea over against Carnarvonshire in North-Wales from which it is divided by a narrow streight which they call the Menai By the Britans themselves as by the Welch at this day it was called Mon from whence the Romans had their Mona but being Conquered by the English it obtained the name of Anglesey as one would say the Iland of the English Men eye in the Saxon language signifying an Iland A place of such a fair Revenue to the Princes of it that LLewellen the last Prince of Wales being stripped of almost all the rest of his Estates by King Edward the first paid to that King a tribute of 1000 per An. for this Iland only And to say truth the Iland is exceeding fruitfull both in Corn and Cattle from whence the Welch are liberally stored with both and therefore it is said proverbially Mon Mam Cymri that Anglâ—sey is the Mother of Wales In length from East to West about 20 miles and 17 in bredth Containing in that Compasse 74 Parishes divided into six hundreds and hath in it only two Market Towns that is to say 1 Beanmaris seated on a flat or marish ground neer the Menai built by King Edward the first to secure his Conquest by whom well walled and fortified as the times then were 2 Newburg a Town of no great antiquity as the name doth intimate by the Welch called Rossur in former times it had an Haven of some good receipt but now choaked with sand The other places of most note are 3 Aberfraw a small village now but heretofore the Royall seat of the Kings of Wales and 4ly Holy-head seated on an head-land or Promontory thrusting into the Sea made holy or thought so at least by the religious retirement of Saint Kuby or Kibius one of the Disciples of St. Hilarie of Poictiers from whence by the Welchmen called Caer-Cuby of most note for the ordinary passage betwixt Wules and Ireland Antiently this Iland was the seat of the Druides and brought with no small difficulty under the power of the Romans by Suctonius Paulinus the People fighting in other parts of Britain for their liberty only but here pro Arts focis too for their Religion Liberty and their Gods to boot Being deserted by the Romans with the rest of Britain it remained in the possession of its own natural Princes till the fatal period of that State when added
Boulogne in Picardie to whom he brought the famous Godfrey surnamed of Bovillon because Duke thereof before he did succeed into that of Lorrain renowned for the conquest of Hierusalem and the Holy-land Who afterwards succeeding in the Dukedome of Lorrain sold his Estates of Bovillon unto Obert Bishop of Leige as before was said by whom and his Successors both the Estate and Title of Duke of Bovillon was peaceably enjoyed till the yeaâ— 1530 or thereabouts when Eberhaâ—d of Mark Bishop and Cardinall of Leige sold it to Robert Earl of Mark his brother descended from Engelbert Earl of Mark and a daughter of the house of Aremberg who brought with her Sedan Jamais and others of the Towns spoken of before But Robert being worsted by Charles the 5. for whom he was too weak an enemy the Town of Bovillon being taken by the conquering Emperour was afterwards restored to the Bishops and nothing but the title of Dukes of Bovillon left to the Princes of Sedan And that he might be able to hold Sedan this Robert was fain to return again to the protection of the French as his Ancestors had done before and died anno 1535. leaving hâ—s titles and estate unto Robert his son one of the Marshals of France whose grandson called also Robert being a dear friend and companion of Henry of Bourbon K. of Navarre and afterwards of France also dying without issue at Geneva anno 1588 committed to him the disposall of his estates and of the Lady Charlotte his only Sister And he so well discharged his trust that having setled his own affairs he gave the Lady in marriage to Henry de la Tour Viscount of Turene in France one who had done him very good service in the course of his long war against the Leaguers and with her the possession of Sedan and the title of Bovillon whose posterity do still enjoy it As for the Town of Bovillon it self being taken from Duke Robert by Charles the 5. and from the Imperialists by the French anno 1552. as before was said it was at last restored unto the Bishop of Leige by the treaty of Cambray anno 1559. but without prejudice to the title of the Prince of Sedan So that at this time there are no fewer then three which write themselves Dukes of Bovillon viz. the Bishop of Leige who hath possession of the Town the house of de la Tour who is invested in Sedan and some other pieces and finally the Heirs Males of the collatorall line of the house of Mark who hold some other parts and places of this estate But to return again to the Dutchy of Luxembourg it was at first a part of the great Earldome of Ardenne dismembred from it in the time of the Emperour Otho the first by Sigefride the son of Ricuinus Prince thereof who in the division of that estate amongst his Brethren had this for his portion with the title of Earl denominated from the Castle now the town of Luxembourg selected by him for the seat of his principality Of his Successours there is little to be found upon good record untill the time of Henry the 1. father of Henry the 7. Emperour of Germany and of a Royall progeny of Kings and Princes two of the which are most considerable though all of them of eminent quality in their severall times viz. 1. Henry elected and crowned Emperour by the name of Henry the 7. said to be poisoned by a Frier in the Holy Chalice to prevent some designs he had against the Pope in asserting the Imperiall power in Italie 2. John the son of this Henry chosen King of Bohemia in regard of his marriage with Elizabeth daughter of Wenceslaus King thereof the possession of which Realm he left unto his Posterity advanced unto a Dukedome by Charles the 4. the eldest son of this John in the person of Wenceslaus his younger brother What else concerns it we shall finde in this following Catalogue of EARLS and DUKES of LVXEMBOVRG 1 Sigifâ—ide the son of Ricuine Prince of Ardenne 2 Henry Earl of Luxembourg slain in the quarrell of Rainold Earl of Gueldres contending with John Duke of Brabant for the Dutchie of Limbourg 3 Henry II. by means of his brother Baldwin Elector of Triers chosen Emperour of the Germans the 7. of that name anno 1308. first crowned at Aken and afterwards at Rome one of the last Emperours that medled in the affairs of Italy 1313 4 John son of Henry II. Earl of Luxembourg married Elizabeth daughter of Winceslaus the elder King of Bohemia of which he was upon that marriage elected and crowned King anno 1311. in the life of his father slain by the English in the battell of Crecie anno 1346. 1346 5 Wenceslaus the younger son of John created Duke of Luxembovrg by his elder brother Charles the 4. Emperour and King of Bohemia 1383 6 Wenceslaus II. eldest son of the said Charles the 4. Emperour and King of Bohemia also succeeded his Uncle in the Dukedome 1419 7 Sigismund brother of Wenceslaus succeeded Wenceslaus in all his estates to which he added the Crown of Hungarie by the marriage of Mary daughter of King Lewis the first 8 Elizabeth daughter of John Duke of Garlitz a Town of Lusatia the brother of Sigismund by the giâ—t of Sigismund her Uncle being then alive the better to fit her for the bed of 〈◊〉 of Bourgogn Duke of Brabant after whose decease she married John the 3. Earl of Hamalt Holland c. But having no issue by either of them she sold her interest in this Dukedome to Philip the Good in pursuance of the contract and agreement made at her first marriage for setling this estate in the house of Burgundie The Armes are B. six Barrulets A supporting a Lyon G crowned and armed Or. 7. LIMBOVRG The greatest of the Estates of Belgium for extent of territory at the time of their incorporating in the house of Burgundie was that of Brabant comprehending 5. of the 17. Provinces that is to say the Dukedome of Limbourg and Brabant the Marquisate of the holy Empire the Earldome of Namurce and the Seigneury of Macklyn 1. LIMBOVRG hath on the East the Dukedome of Gulick in High Germany on the West the Bishoprick of Leige on the North Brabant and on the South the Dukedome of Luxembourg The Soyle fruitfull of all necessary commodities excepting wines the want whereof is recompensed with most excellent wheat great store of sewell and plenty of the best iron mines in all these countries all which commodities it hath of so great excellency in their severall kinds that it is said of them proverbially that their Bread is better then bread their Fire hotter then fire and their Iron harder then iron It is also well stored with medicinable simples and enriched with a mine of Copperas by Plinie called Lapis â—rosus lib. 34. c. 10. which being incorporated with brasse makes Lattin and increaseth the brasse by one third part Lapis aerosus
by Land may best be seen in the expedition of Charles then Earl of Charolois against Lewis the eleventh whom Duke Philip the Good his father furnished to that enterprise with 9000 Archers and 1400 men of Armes every one of which had five or six great horses attending on him and at his setting forward was told by his Father never accompted for a Braggart that if he fell into any danger he should not be abandoned for the want of 100000 fighting men The said Duke having thus sent away his son and being provoked by the indignities of those of Leige and Dinand who revolted from him suddenly raised an Army to 28000 horse and aproportionable number of foot for the chastisement of that proud and rebellious people And Charles himself succeeding on the death of his Father in his unprosperous attempt upon the Switzers had no lesse then 8000 men at the siege of Morat As for their power at Sea I find not that they kept any standing Navy nor needed they so to doe as the case stood with them considering that when they had occasion of any such service they used to take up all the Ships which they found in their harbours of which there never wanted good store employing as many as they pleased and dismissing the rest The principall order of Knighthood ordained by these Princes was that of the Golden Fleece first instituted by Duke Philip the Good in imitation of the Order of S. George in England anno 1430. The name and fancy borrowed as some conceive from Gedeons Fleece from Jasons Fleece as others think but more probably from the Golden Fleeces of England which brought him in so much gold and treasure in the way of custome Their Habit is a Collar of Gold interlaced with irons seeming to strike fire out of a Flint ex ferro flammam being the word at the end whereof hung the Toâ—sond ' Or or Fleece of Gold Their number at the first was but 25. which is the number of Knights of the English Garter increased afterwards by the same Duke Philip unto thirty one Charles the first raised them to fifty one And now the King of Spain hath assumed a liberty of making as many as he pleaseth this being the onely Military or Civill Order of which those Kings have the bestowing the orders of Alcantata Calatrava and the rest of Spanish institution being rather Religious and Monasticall at the best but mixt Saint Andrewes day the day of the Installation In this great Pomp and Glory did these Princes live as long as they continued in good termes with the subject Provinces being masters of more goodly Jewels magnificent furniture for their houses costly moveables then any 3 of the greatest Princes in all Europe And on the other side the subjects whilst they lived in duty under so great Princes attained unto the height of all worldly happinesse in their Apparell excessively gorgeous in their Feasts and Banquets over-sumptuous in their Manners dissolute vices which usually accompany that kind of felicity An happinesse too great to continue long By the ambition and violence of Charles the Warlike they were first plunged into a war against Lewis the eleventh of which they did not only feel the present miseries but lost all the Towns and Holds which they had in Picardy with the whole Dutchy of Burgundy And by a like but better grounded Ambition of Charles the fift they were exercised in continuall wars against the French who miserably harrowed and ransacked the Countries of Luxemburg Hainâ—lt and Artois bordering next unto them Charles at his death commended them to the especiall care of Philip his son advising him to use them kindly as those that were the chief supporters of his State and Glory adding that if he should deal otherwise with them it would prove the ruine of his Fortunes And on the other side the People to obtain his favour presented him at his first entrance on the Government with a grant of 40 millions of Florens as before was said But he transported with ambition and a Catholick zeal not onely forgot their love but his fathers counsell and had no sooner concluded on a peace with France effected by the treaty of Cambray anno 1559. but presently he cast his thoughts on the subjection of this people to his will and pleasure For they were so fortified with Priviledges which their former Princes had granted and the latter had been sworn to observe that he wanted much of that absolute and uncontrollable command which he strongly aimed at Some of which Priviledges were that the Prince could place no stranger amongst them with jurisdiction over their Estates and persons in Offices of war or justice 2. The Prince could give nothing to the Clergy nor 3 leavy any subsidies without the States of the Country But the main Prerogative was that if the Prince by violence or wrong did infringe any of the said Charters and Franchises the people after the declaration thereof made might goe to election of a new Prince This not a little grieved the Spaniards that such base and unworthy people for so they esteemed them should in such liberty possesse so brave and rich a Country their King bearing no title of Majesty or absolute command over them Besides the Reformation of Religion which then began to grow to some strength moved the King to reduce them back to the Church of Rome by the power and terrour of the Inquisition and by the erecting of some new Episcopall Sees amongst them for before there were but three in all to settle some more constant course of Ecclesiastical Discipline Against both which when the people violently opposed he then resolved of bringing them by Spanish Rhetorick that is by the Sword and the Cannon to their old obedience To these ends he sent the Duke of Alva an old and expert Captain as having 60 years been a Souldier with a puissant Army to be his Vice-Roy among them He also gave him a Commission of that large extent that he might place and displace whom he would and execute all such as he could finde opposite to his designes At that time the two chief men among them were the Prince of Orenge and Count Egmont the first more potent with the people the latter with the Souldiers Had these two joyned together they might easily have prevented D. Alva's entrance but Egmont was so soothed up with Letters from Spain that he believed not the Intelligence which the Prince had concerning the Dukes Commission The Earl exhorted the Prince to submit himself to the pleasure of the King and so to prevent the ruine of his house The Prince desired the Earl to maintain the Liberty of the Country as for himself He had rather be a Prince without an House then a Count without an Head Being thus resolved the Prince retires to his friends of Nassaw in high Germany the Earl stayeth to congratulate the entrance of the new Governour who had no sooner setled
though the women by their lawes have a property in the goods which they bring with them at their marriage or are given them after so as the husband hath but the use of them onely and may dispose of them by their last will at the time of their death yet is their condition thereby little better the husband being no lesse churlish and imperious then hee would be otherwise Which made Caracalla to say often that only that Nation knew how to rule their Wives which added the feminine article to the Sun and the masculine to the Moon as the Germans doe Most of them as well VVives as Virgins except persons of honour use to goe bare sooted within doors and seldome put on shoes or stockins but when they are to goe abroad upon their occasions A thing that seems the more strange in regard of the extreme coldnesse of the Countrey which is so fierce that generally they lodge between two Feather beds both in summer and winter and in most houses have their stoves of which the doores and windowes are kept very close as well to retain the heat as to keep out the cold Which though they may be usefull and inoffensive in Gentlemens houses yet in the common Innes where all sorts of people are necessitated to throng together the ill smels never purged by admitting any fresh air are ready to stifle and choak up the spirits of raw Travellers not accustomed to them The diet of Germany France and Italy is by a Traveller thus censured the Germans have much meat but fluttishly dressed the French little but neatly cooked the Italians neither the one nor the other And to say truth the Germans have meat enough the people being generally of good stomachs and either by nature or ill custome excessive both in eating and drinking seldome rising from the table till they have consumed all which was set before them Insomuch as in some places it is provided by Law that in their feasts they shall not sit above five houres at the table During which time if by intemperance either in eating or drinking a man disgorge his foul stomach in his fellows lap or pisse under the table it is no disgrace to him nor at any time taken notice of to his reproach Which humour of gormandizing and excessive drinking is not onely cherished among the Vulgar but even amongst their greatest Princes who besides what they doe in this kinde themselves have their drinking champions as well to answer all challenges as to challenge all comers contending with each other as a point of State whose cellar shall afford the greatest and most capable Vessels The title of the Fathers descend to all the children every son of a Duke being a Duke and every daughter a Dutchesse a thing which the Italians hold so ridiculous that they put it in the forefront of this facetious Satyre The Dukes and Earles of Germany the Dons of Spain the Monsieurs of France the Bishops of Italy the Nobility of Hungary the Lairds of Scotland the Knights of Naples and the younger brethren of England make a poore company For by this common assuming of the Fathers honour and parting his lands among all the brethren the Nobility is beyond reason multiplyed and no losse impoverished there being not long since 17 Princes of Anhalt and 27 Counts of Mansfields to most of which their Armes have been the best part of their riches nihil nisi arma manus in his â—mnia as Tacitus once said of the ancient Britains And yet there is not one of this poore Nobility that will vouchsafe to marry with the daughter of the wealthiest Merchant or suffer any of their sisters to be married to any under the degree of a Nobleman nor any juster cause of disheriting their children then ignoble marriages never permitting the issue of such a Bed to succeed in any of their â—ees Estates or titles by means whereof though they debar themselves of such accessions of wealth as matches of that kinde might bring them yet to the great honour of their generosity in this particular they preserve the pure â—â—ream of their bloud from running into muddie channels and keep the spirits of brave men though they want the fortunes The Languages here spoken are the French in Lorrain and some towns of the Bishop of Triers the Italian in the highest parts of Turol which lie next to the Commonwealth of Veâ—ice the Sclavonian spoken in Bohemia Moravia and some parts of Lusatia and the high Dutch the generall Language of the Country A language very antient doubtless though I am not so much a Goropian as to think it spâ—ke in Paraâ—ise or before the Floud and such as by reason of the little or no impression which the Roman Armies made upon this contrary hath lesse commixture with the Latine then any which is used in these Western parts the VVelch excepted and is very harsh by reason of its many Consonants This Country was esteemed by Tacitus to be rude and barren containing nothing but unpeopled Forrests unprofitable Heaths and unhealthy Pools Germaniam informem terris asperam coelo tristem cultu a pectuque as he further addeth And such no doubt it was in those times wherein Tacitus lived the people not being civilized nor the Countrey cultivated nor any means found out to rectifie the sharpnesse of that Northern air But he who doth observe it now cannot but confesse that there is no Countrey in the World either better planted or replenished with more goodly and gallant Clâ—ies being also in most parts both pleasant healthy and profitable abounding with mines of silver and interiour metals plentifull in corn and wines with which they supply the defect of other Nations as also with Flesh Fish Linnen Quicksilver Allom Saffron Armour and other iron-workes The AraSble lands so spacious in the Eastern parts that the husband man going forward with his Plough in the morning turned not back again till noon so making but two furrows for his whole days work For this Verstegan is my Authour and if it be not credible let him bear the blame Souldiers of most eminencie in the Elder times were 1. Arminius the Prince of the Cherusci who overthrew Quintilius Varus and the Roman Legions 2. VVitikind the last King of the Saxons for the middle ages 3. Otho the first 4. Frederick Barbarossa 5. Rodulph of Habsburg Emperours and Kings of Germany 6. Henry surnamed the Lion Duke of Saxony 5. And in the last Centurie of years 6. Frederick the second Electoâ—r Palatine who made good Vienna against the Turks 7. Albert of Brandenburg of whom more hereafter 8. Earnest Earl of Mansfeild 9. John George of Jagerndorf 10. Albert VVallenstein Duke of Fridland and divers other of late dayes Scholars of note the elder times afforded none nor the middle many learning being here so rare in the middle of the eighth Centurie that Vigilius Bishop of Saltzburg was condemned of heresie for holding that there were some
hereof by the said Emperour Henry the 4. 17 Welpho IV. son to Welpho the 3. 18 Henry VIII surnamed the Proud brother of Guelpho the 4. by the marriage of Gertrude daughter of Lotharius the 2. Duke of Saxonie also Deprived of both by the Emperour Conrade the 3. 19 Leopold son to Leâ—pold the 4. Marquesse of Austria made Duke by the said Conrade the 3. 20 Henry IX brother of Leopold after Marquesse and at last Duke of Austria 21 Henry X. surnamed the Lyon son of Henry the Proud restored by the Arbitrement of Frederick Barbarossa the Duke of Austria being otherwise satisfied by whom not long after proscribed and deprived of both his Dukedoms After which this estate became fixed and settled in the person and posteritie of 1180 22 Otho of Wittlesbach lineally descended from Arnulph the first Duke advanced unto this honour by Frederick Barbarossa sensible of the too great power of the former Dukes the whole extent of this estate being reduced by this time to the limits of the modern Bavaria and the Palatinate of Northgoia 1183 23 Ludovick or Lewis son of Otho 1231 24 Otho II. son of Lewis who by marrying Gertrude the sole daughter of Henry Count Palatine of the Rhene brought the Electorall dignitie into the house of Bavaria 1290 25 Henry Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhene the sonne of Otho the 2. 1312 26 Ludovick or Lewis II. brother of Henry Duke of Bavaria and Elector Palatine of the Rhene 1294 27 Ludovick or Lewis III. second son of Lewis the 2. succeeded in the Kingdom of Bavaria Rodolph the eldest son succeeding in both Palatinates and the Electoral dignitie He was afterwards elected and crowned Emperour known commonly by the name of Ludovicus Bavarus 1347 28 Stephen the eldest son of Ludovick the Emperour William and Albert his two brethren successively enjoying the Earldoms of Hainalt Holland c. in right of their mother 1375 29 Stephen II. son of Stephen the 1. his brothers Frederick and John sharing with him parts the estate 1413 30 Ludovick II. surnamed Barbatus deposed and imprisoned by his own son Ludowick who yet died before him without issue 1147 31 Henry II son of Frederick the second brother of Stephen the 2. succeeded on the death of Ludovicus Barbatus 1450 32 Ludovick V. surnamed the Rich who banished the Jews out of his estates and seised their goods the son of Henry the 2. 1479 33 George surnamed the Rich also the Founder of the Universitie of Ingolstade whose sole daughter and heir was married to Rupertus Prince Electour Palatine with the Dukedom of Bavaria for her Dower But Maximilian the Emperour not liking so much greatnesse in the German Princes confirmed the same on 1503 34 Albert III. son of a former Albert Nephew of John of Munchen by his son Ernestus which John was youngest brother to Stephen the 2. who by the power and favour of Maximilian the Emperour succeeded unto George the Rich the cause of a long and unhappy war betwixt the Electors of the Rhene and Dukes of Bavaria the worst whereof besides the losse of this Estate fell upon the Palatines proscribed and outed of their Country upon this quarrell but upon their submission restored again 1508 35 William the son of Albert the 3. 1577 36 Albert IV. a great Champion of the Doctrines and Traditions of the Church of Rome and so extreamly affected unto the Jesuites that he built Colledges for them at Landsberg Ingolstade and Munchen his three principall towns 1579 37 William II. son of Albert the 4. as zealous as his Father in the cause of the Church of Rome in which exceeded very much by 38 Maximilian eldest son of William the 2. who chiefly out of the same zeal sided with Ferdinand the 2. in the wars of Germanie anno 1620. and took upon him the conduct of the Armies of the said Emperour against Frederick Count and Electour Palatâ—ne chosen King of Bohemia In which having done great service to the Imperiall and Romish interesse he was by the said Ferdinand invested in the Vpper Palatinate called anciently but not more properly then now the Palatinate of Bavaria together with the Electorall dignitie this last conferred at first upon him but for term of life in the Diet at Regensberg 1623. the Electors of Mentz Saxonie and Brandenbourg protesting against it but afterwards in the Diet at Prague anno 1628. conâ—erred upon him and his heirs for ever to the great prejudice of the Princes of the Palatine Familie who by reason of their simultaneous investiture with the first of their house are not to be deprived of their estates and dignities for the offence of their Fathers the punishment not being to extend beyond the person of the offender But notwithstanding their pretentions and allegations the Duke is still possessed of the title and dignitie confirmed therein by the conclusions of the Treatie of Munster a new Electorate being to be erected for the Palatine Princes The Arms of this Duke are Lozenges of 21 peeces in Bend Argent and Azure The ARCHDUKEDOME of AUSTRIA The Archdukedome of AVSTRIA reckoning in the incorporate Provinces and Members of it is bounded on the East with Hungarie and a part of Sclavonia on the West with Bavaria and some parts of the Switzers and the Grisons on the North with Bohemia and Moravia and on the South with Histria and some part of Friuly in Italie Within which circuit are contained the feverall Provinces of Austria properly so called Stiria Carinthia Carniola and Tirol the qualitie of the whole will be best discerned by the Survey of particulars The ancient Inhabitants of the whole were the Norici of the Romans parted into the lesser Tribes of Sevates Alauni Ambisontii Ambilici and Ambidrauni subdued by Drusus son in law to Augustus Caesar and made a Province of the Empire After by Constantine the Great divided into Noricum Mediterraneum comprehending the Countries of Carinthia Carniola Stiria and some parts of Tirol with the Bishoprick or District of Saltsburg of which Solyun was the Metropolis or Capitall Citie and Noricum Ripense containing only Austria and those parts of Bavaria which lie Eastward of the River Inn extended all along on the banks of the Danow Known by no other names while possessed by the Romans from whom being conquered by the Avares and other Nations it gained those severall names and appellations specified before 1 AVSTRIA properly so called hath on the East the Kingdome of Hungarie from which parted by the River Rab on the West Bavaria on the North the Bohemian Mountains towards the West and on the other side the Teya which separates it from Moravia on the South Stiria or Stiermarck called by the Dutch Ostenreich and contractedly Oostrich that is to say the Eastern Kingdom a part assuming to it self the name of the whole this being the extreme Province of East-France or the Eastern Kingdom of the French in the barbarous Latine of those times called by
Castle and Territory of Hapspurg it self with many fair Estates amongst the Switzers by Albert the Short the Country of Sungow and by his sonnes the Advocateship of Friberg or the Country of Brisgow So that these Princes are undoubtedly the greatest for power and patrimony of any in Germany and would be of a great revenue if the ill neighbour-hood of the Turkes did not put them to continuall charges and make the borders of the Country to be thinly planted and not very thorowly manured Howsoever it is thought that they may yeild yeerly two millions of Crowns and upwards to the Arch-dukes Coffers The Armes of these Princes are Gules a Fesse Argent assumed by Marquesse Leopold at the siege of Acon or Ptolemais in the Holy land because his holy Armour being covered with blood his Belt onely remained white The Armes thereof in former times having been six larkes Or in a field Azure supposed to have been taken by the first Marquesses because they possessed those six Provinces for defence of which the tenth Legion called Alauda had been fixed at Vienna And now we are to take our leave of the Roman Empire which we shall meet withall no more till we come to Hungary the Countries on the north side of Danubius and the East side of the Rhene being almost assoone abandoned as conquered by them So that in our survey of these northern Countries we are not like to finde such matter of Antiquity as we had before but must content our selves both with Towns and Villages of a later date and a lesse continuance In which we shall begin with those Countries which lie on the other side of Rhene bordering on the Estates of Cleveland and the Bishop-electors and â—o proceed on Eastward till we come to the furthest parts of Germany and the confines of Hungary afterwards turning to the North till we meet with Denmark which is the next of all to be considered 9 VETERAVIA VETERAVIA or WETERAW is bounded on the West with the Bishoprick of Colen on the East with Frankenland on the North with Hassia and Westphalen and on the South with the Lower Palatinate It containeth a combination of many small Estates which being joyned in a common league for defence of each other for the preservation of their Lawes Liberties and Religion are called the Confederation of Weteraw The Principall of the States which are thus confederated are the Earls of 1 Nassaw 2 Hanaw and 3 Stolms 4 the Lord of Lichtâ—berg and the Imperiali Cities of 5 Friberg and 6 Wetzelaer The County of Nassaw lyeth at the foot of the Mountains which divide Hassia from Engern and Westphalen anciently called Melibocus a branch of the long ridge of Mountains which were called Abnobi Chief Townes hereof are 1 Nassaw situate on the south side of the River Lou not farre from the fall of it into the Rhene the first seat and honourary Title of this famous family and still in the possession of the Princes of Orange the first branch hereof 2 Dillingbourg the usuall seat of the Earls of Nassaw before their setling in the Low Countries hence named the Earls of Nassaw of the house of Dillingberg to difference them from others of the same Family 2 Catrezelbogen in Latine Catti Meliboci which shewes the name to be compounded of the Catti anciently possessed of these parts of Germany and the mountainous parts of Melibocus then inhabited by them The possession of this town much controverted between the Earls of Nassaw and the Lantgraves of Hessen But finally surrendred by Count William of Nassaw father of Wiliâ—â—â— Prince of Orange unto Philip the Lantgrave in the time of Charles the fift for the summe 600000 Crowns the house of Nassaw notwithstanding retaining it amongst their Titles 3. Herborn a small University or Schola Illustris founded of late by the Earls of Nassaw in which Piscator was Divinity Reader and Alstedius both famous in their times professour for the Arts and Sciences 4 Idstein lying south to Catzenelbogen and 5. Wisbad directly south of Idstein betwixt that and the Meine these have the title and possessions of the second branch of this Family 6. Weilborough on the Lou not far from Wetzelver which gives Title to the third branch of this house called the Earls of Nassaw in Sarbruck and Weilborough As for the Princes of the house of Nassaw they are very ancient Otho of Nassaw being made Earl of Guelderland in the yeer 1079. Another Otho of this house but proceeding from a different branch of it dying anno 1190. the founder of the present Family of the Princes of Orange and of the house of Wisbad and Idstein out of which descended Adolphus Earl of Nassaw chosen Emperour in the yeer 1292. By the marriage of Engelbert the sixt Earl of this house of Dillingberg with Mary daughter of Philip Lord of Breda in Brabant they came first to be possessed of Estates in the Netherlands and by the marriage of Henry great Grand-child of this Engelbert with Claude of Chalons they got the Principality of Orange in France A family as much honoured for the personall merit of the Princes of it as any other in Europe of whom we have already given a Catalogue in the description and story of Provence Bordering on Franconia or Frankenland lyeth the County of HANAW so called from the Chief town of it in which the places of most note are 1 Hanaw it self in Latine called Hanovia honoured with a Schola illustris also and much inriched by the trade of Printing with which they use to furnish annually the Marts of Frankefort distant from hence about ten Dutch miles 2. Pfaffenhofen of no note formerly but like to be remembred in the stories of succeeding times for the great defeat there given to the Duke of Lorrain July 31. 1633. who lost his whole Forces all his Ordinance Ammunition and baggage and which was worst of all his Country taken in part from him by the Conquering Swedes who followed him close into his home but wholly by the French King upon that advantage 3 Lichteberg which gives title to a second branch of the house of Hanaw called the Lord of Lichteberg A family of good esteeme since the time that Otho of Hanaw was ennobled with the title of Earl thereof which was about the yeer 1392. before that Princes of the Empire and after that advanced unto greater fortunes by the addition of the Barony of Minzeberg in the person of Philip the first Earl of the County of Rheineck in the person of another Philip the third of that name great Grand-child of the former Philip and finally of the Lordship and estate of Lichteberg accrewing to this house by the marriage of a third Philip the youngest sonne of Reynard the third Earl hereof with Anne the daughter and heir of Ludovick Lord of Lichteberg the title and possession of the second branch of the house of Hanaw called Lords of Lichteberg and Hocsenstein and Earls of Bitsch this
course of this work 3 Wieper or Wypra so called of the River on which it standeth 4 Quernfurt 5 Rotenburg 6 Alstad 7 Helderung bought of the Earls of Houstein Some who delineate the Pedegree of these Earls of Mansfield fetch it as high as from one of King Arthurs Knights of the Round Table born at Mansfield in Nottinghamshire who setling himself in Germany gave that name to his house a Military Originall and very suitable to such an active and warlike Family But those which doe not soar so high fetch them no further then from Burchard the fift Earl of Quernfort and Burgrave of Magdeburg who following Frederick Barbarossa into the Holy Land deceased at Antioch anno 1189. His Nephew Burchard by a sonne of the same name was the first of this Family that had the title of Earl of Mansfield about the yeer 1250. continued ever since unto his Posterity but under some acknowledgments to the Electors of Saxony Of these the most eminent were Voldradus one of the Councell of Estate to the Emperour Sigismund anno 1411. a great improver of the Patrimony of the Earls hereof 2 John-George Lord Deputy or Lieutenant of Saxony under Duke Augustus 3 Peter-Ernest Governour of Luxembourg under Charles the fift and Philip the second by whom much exercised and employed in their wars with France 4 Albert a constant friend of Luthers and a faithfull follower of John-Frederick the deprived Electour in whose quarrell being outed of his estate he retired to Magdeberg which he most gallantly defended against the Emperour And 5 Ernestus Nephew of that Albert by his son John so famous for the war which he maintained in most parts of Germany against Ferdinand the second in behalf of Frederick Prince Elector Palatine and the States of Bohemia with so great constancy and courage East of the Earldome of Mansfield lyeth the Principate of ANHALT much shaded if not too much overgrown with woods parts of the old Hercinian forrest whence it had the name Hol in Dutch signifying a wood or forrest and the Princes of this house created to this dignity by the stile of Principes Harciniae in Anhalt Chief townes of it are 1 Bernberg the Dynastie and usuall title of this house before they were created Princes of Anhalt 2 Ballenstede part of the antient Patrimony of the first Princes hereof 3 Dessaw the birth-place of some and the buriall-place of others of this Family beautified with a strong Castle built by Prince Albert the second anno 1341. 4 Servest the usuall place of the Princes residence 5 Coeten a well fortified place in vain besieged by the joynt forces of the Arch-bishop of Magdeburg and the Earl of Schwartzenwold We went as high as the Round Table for the Earls of Mansfield but we must goe as high as the Ark for the Princes of Anhalt some fetching them from Askenaz the son of Gomer and nephew of Japhet from whom and no other this Aseanian Family for by that name it is called are to fetch their Pedegree But to content our selves with more sober thoughts certain it is that this Family is of the old Saxon race setled in these parts by Theodorik King of Mets or Austrasia who gave the Towns of Ascandt and Ballenstede with the lands adjoyning to one Bernwald or Bernthobald a noble Saxon anno 524. From which town and Castle of Ascandt afterwards rased to the ground by Pepin King of the French anno 747. most probable it is that they took their name From this Bernwald or Bernthobald by a long line of Princes descended Albert the seventh of Anhalt surnamed Vrsus created Marquesse of Brandenburg by the Emperour Frederick Barbarossa anno 1152. the Father of that Barnard who by the Munificence and bounty of the same Emperour was created Duke of Saxony in the roome of Duke Henry surnamed the Lion anno 1180. becoming so the Stemme of the two greatest Princes in all the Empire Henry the second son of this Barnard was by the same Emperour not long after made Prince of Anhalt the first of all this ancient and illustrious Family which had been honoured with that title continuing in his race to this very day the two Electorates of Saxony and Brandenbourg being mean while translated unto other Families The most considerable of which Princes though all men of Eminence were 1 Rodolph Generall of the forces of the Emperour Maximilian the first against the Venetians whom he twice overcame in battell 2 George the Divine a great Reformer of the Church by his diligent preaching whose Sermons and other Tractates learned for the times he lived in are still extant 3 Christian born in the yeer 1568. Commander of the Forces of Frederick Prince Elector Palatine in the wars of Bohemia North of the Principality of Anhalt lyeth the Bishoprick of MAGDEBVRG so called of Magdeburg the chief City by some called Meydburg and Meydenburg whence by a Greek name Parthenopolis and Virginopolis by a mungrell word made of Greek and Latine A City seated on the Elb divided into three parts but all strongly fortified begirt with high walls deep ditches and almost unconquerable Bulwarks yet very beautifull withall before the last desolation of it of elegant buildings fair streets and magnificent Temples Built in the form of a Crescent by the Emperour Otho the first the founder of it who having translated hither the Archiepiscopall See for the greater honour of the place built the Cathedrall of Saint Maurice where his wife lies buried anno 948. testified by the inscription to be daughter of Edmund King of England A town which hath long flourished in a great deal of glory and tasted of as much affliction as any other in Germany For refusing to receive the Interim it was out-lawed by the Emperour Charles the fifth and given to him that could first take it It was first hereupon attempted by the Duke of Meglenberg but he was in a Camisado taken Prisoner his Army routed his Nobles made captive and 260 horse brought into the City Next it was besieged by Duke Maurice of Saxonie who on honourable termes was after a long siege received into it anno 1550. when it had stood on his own guard the space of three yeers Which long opposition of one town taught the German Princes what constancy could doe it held up the coals of Rebellion in Germany and indeed proved to be the fire which burned the Emperours Trophies For here Duke Maurice coming acquainted with Baron Hedeck hatched that confederacy by which not long after this great Emperour was driven out of Germany At last it yeilded to Duke Maurice under the protection of whose successours it hath since enjoyed a long course of felicity till the yeer 1631 in which most miserably burnt and sacked by the Earl of Tilly of whom it is observed that after that fact he never prospered being shortly after totally routed at the battell of Leipsick and wounded to the death not long after that neer the River
him out of silver mines is no lesse then 130000 yearly the 〈◊〉 laid on Beer in Leipsich onely a City but of two Parish Churches by which conjecture at the rest being farmed at 20000 l per annum Then hath he the tenthes of all sorts of encrease as of corn wine c. the Salt-houses at Hall and some other places very fair lands belonging unto his domain and besides a standing and perpetuall tax laid upon the Subject towards the maintenance of the war against the Turke granted at first in times of danger and hostility but gathered ever since in the time of peace as to that Enemie under colour of being ready and prepared against him According to the quantity of his Intrado so he keeps his State well served and better attended then any other of the Electors there being at one time in the Court of Christian the Father of the present Duke three Dukes three Earles and five Barons of other Nations besides the Nobility of his own all Pensioners and Servants to him one of the Princes of Anhalt and one of the Earls of Mansfeild both Homagers unto the Saxon being two of the number The Armes of Saxonie are Barre-wise of six pieces Sable and Or a Bend flowred Vert. Which Bend was added to the Coat by the Emperour Frederick Barbarossa when he confirmed Barnard of Aâ—halt in his Dukedom For Barnard desiring of the Emperor to have some difference added to the Ducal coat being before onely Barry Sable and Or to distinguish him and his successours from those of the former house the Emperour tooke a Chaplet of Rue which hee had then upon his head and threw it crosse his Buckler or Eschocheon of Armes which was presently painted on the same 18 BRUNSWICK and 19 LVNENBVRG The Dukedome of BRVNSWICK and LVNENBOVRG being both originally taken out of the great Dukedome of Saxonie extracted both from the same root and many times united in the person of the same one Prince shall bee joined together in the story though severed in the Chorographie or Description of them bounded on the East with Magdeburg and Brandenburg on the West with Westphalia on the North with Denmark on the South with Duringen and Hassia The Air in all parts hereof very cold and comfortlesse but sound and healthfull the soil towards the old Marches of Brandenburg but meanly fertile towards Duringen and Hassia mountainous and woodie in other parts very plentifull of corn and well provided also of such other commodities as usually doe grow in those colder climates But to take the Chorographie of them severally BRVNSWICK is bounded on the East with the Diocese of Magdeburg and the Earldom of Mansfeild on the West with Westphalen on the North with Lunenburg on the South with Hassia and Turingia So called from Brunswick the chief City and the head of this Dukedome Places of most importance in it are 1 Goslar upon the River Gose whence it had the name Of a poore Village made a City by Henry the first much beautified and enlarged by Henry the third who founded here two Churches and a stately Palace Now one of the Imperiall Cities 2 Helmstat in the middle way betwixt Brunswick and Magdeburg first fortified by Charles sonne of Charles the Great for a bridle to the neighbouring Sclaves and being after given to the Abbats of Werda was by them sold to William the Duke of Brunswick Quedelnberg built also by Henry the first much increased fince by the neighbourhood of a very rich Nunnerie the Abbesâ—e whereof had formerly the priviledges of a Prince of the Empire 4 Hildesheim an antient City honoured with an Episcopall See by Charles the Great at the first conversion of the Saxons 5 Grubenhagen which gave title to a younger branch of the house of Brunswick a principality and a member of the Empire 6 Hannover on the River Leine well built very strongly fortified and not meanly traded 7 Brunswick upon the River Onacter which passeth through it passed over by many handsome bridges the Metropolis of the antient Saxoniâ— and at this time the chief of this Dukedome though of it self Imperiall and one of the Hanse The City of a Quadrangular form seated in the midst of a plain very fruitfull of corn in compasse about two Dutch or eight English miles somewhat larger then Nurenberg and lesse then Erdford containing in that compasse not above twelve Churches whereof two have steeples covered with lead a third with brasse all the rest with tile Rich populous and strongly fortified on some sides with a double on others with a treble wall within which wals are five Cities distinguished by priviledges but united by Laws The whole first built by Bruno sonne to Ludolphus Duke of Saxonie and Uncle to the Emperour Henry the first about the year 861. from whence it had the name of Brunswick or Brunonis Vicus by the more elegant Latinists Brunopolis 8 Hamelen on the East side of the Weser or Visurgis encompassed with a deep moat occasioned by a stream cut out of the River round about which are divers fortifications and placed with Ordinance Nigh unto this town is the mountain called also Hamelen unto which the Peed-piper as they call him led the children of Halberstade where they all sunk and were never more seen but of this story more hereafter when we come to Transylvania 2 Wolfehaiten or Wolfenbuttell where the Duke doth keep his Court For though Brunswick giveth him his title yet will it not yeeld him any obedience but reputeth herselfe among the Hansetownes for which cause there have been great warres between the Dukes and the Citizens 3 Halberâ—iade a Bishops See the late Bishop or Administratour of the Bishoprick being Christian Duke of Brunsaick that noble young souldier who had vowed his life and fortune to the service of Elizabeth Queen of Bohemia created by King James one of the Knights of the Garter A Bishoprick of great revenew and a very large territorie since the alteration of Religion given with the title of Administrator to the sonnes of Brunswick but now by the conclusions at Munster assigned over to the Electour of Brandenburg with the title of Prince of Halberstade the familie of Brunswick being to be recompensed with an alternate succession in the Bishoprick of Osnaburg and some other additionals The Dukedome of LVNENBOVRG hath on the East the Old Marches of Brandenbourg on the West the Diocese of Bremen a part of Westphalia on the North the Elb and on the South the Dukedome of Brunswick So called from Lunenbourg the chiefe City once the seat of the Dukes Places of most observation in it are 1 Lunenbourg it self situate on the River Elvenaw an Imperiall City and one of the principall of the Hanse so called from the Moon here worshipped in the times of Idolatry Of a round form and seated in a pleasant valley but with mountains near it on one of which called Calberg is a very strong Castle of right
of Austria restored by Solyman the great Turk died anno 1540. 1540 35 Ferdinand of Austria elected King of Bohemia in respect to the Lady Anne his wife sister of Ludovicus the 2. anno 1527. did in the same right lay claim to the Crown of Hungarie chosen to which by a partie prepared for him he was alwayes in contention with John de Sepusio each of them acknowledged King by their severall factions but by both sides received on the death of John 1562 36 Maximilian Emperour King of Hungarie and Bohemia Archduke of Anstria son of Ferdinand 1572 37 Rodolphus Emperour c. son of Maximilian 1608 38 Matthias brother of Rodolphus afterwards Emperour 1618 39 Ferdinand II. of Gratz next heir unto Matthias of the house of Austria afterwards Emperour c. against whom a partie of Hungarians called in Bethlem Gabor Prince of Transylvania whom they elected for their King intending as they said to crown him also But the affairs of Bohemia going on the Emperours side Gabor relinquished his pretentions and hearkned to a peace betwixt them 1625 40 Ferdinand III. son of Ferdinand the 2. chosen and crowned King in the life of his Father and in the year 1627. King of Bohemia also succeeding after him in the Empire and now living anno 1648. This Kingdome doth pretend it self to be Elective and to have speciall priviledges indulged them by their former Princes and anciently indeed it was so in both respects the last especially King Andrew giving authoritie to his Prelates Peers and other people Vt sine nota alicujus infidelitatis c. that without any imputation of disloyaltie they might contradict oppose and resist their King if he did any thing in violation of their Laws and sanctions But both their libertie of Elections and pretence of Priviledges have been so shaken and restrained by their Kings of the house of Austria that the Elections are become a matter of formalitie only their Priviledges depending wholly on the Princes pleasure now grown too potent for them to contend withall unless they should betray their Country into the hands of the Turk To which some of them have expressed some strong inclinations the oppressions laid upon them by the Austrian familie being deemed unsufferable The forces of this Kingdome when it was entire may best be seen by those great Armies which they have brought into the field against the Turk By whom two parts of three being since subdued that which remains must not be thought able to answer the proportion of former times though they have done more then could reasonably be expected from it For at the battell of Keresiure anno 1596. there were 6000 Hungarian horse and 10000 foot of this Nation only besides those of Germanie and Transylvania and the next year notwithstanding the discomfiture of that Armie they raised no lesse then 20000 horse and foot on the noise of some preparations among the Turks 'T is true their 〈◊〉 are commonly but meanly armed the defect wherein is rather to be imputed to the Prince then unto the people who can but bring their bodies which is all they have for defence of their Country And for their horse whom they call Heiducks maintained in continuall readinesse at the charge of the Nobilitie and principall Gentrie they are next Coufins to the Cosacques almost as mischievous as they and hold as strict intelligence with the Turks as those doe with the Tartars The chief Revenues of this Kingdome come from the silver mines out of which is yearly raised about a million and an halfe of Guldens Maximilian the 2. made it up two millions by seizing on the lands of Cathedrall and Collegiate Churches and assigning annuall pensions to the Bishops Canons and other Religious persons Most of which summe comes clearly to the Emperours Cofers the Presidiary Souldiers being paid with Contribution money raised upon the Countrie and the Lieutenant Generall whose entertainment comes to 30000 Dollars yearly defrayed upon their purses also The chief Order of Knighthood in this Kingdome was that of the Dragon instituted by Sigismund Emperour and King hereof at such time as by the Councell of Constance against John of Hus and Hierome of Prague and by the sharpnesse of his sword proved upon their followers he had cast down as he conceived the Dragon of Heresie and Schisme But the device proved of no long continuance expiring almost with the Author The Arms of Attila the Hunn once the King of this Countrie by the name of Pannonia are said to have been Gules a Falcon displayed Or membred and crowned Argent But the Arms of the Kingdome at this time are Barre-wise of 8 pieces Gules and Argent There are in HVNGARIE Archbishops 2 Bishops 13. And so much for HVNGARIE OF SCLAVONIA SCLAVONIA is bounded on the East with Servia Macedonia and Epirus from which parted by the River Drinus and a line drawne from thence unto the Adriatick on the West with Carniola in Germanie and Histria in the Signeurie of Venice from which last divided by the River Arsia on the North with Hungarie on the South with the Adriatick Sea So called from the Sclaves or Sclavi a Darmatian people of whom more anon It containes in length from Arsia to the River Drinus according to Plinies computation 800 Italian miles the greatest breadth being 325 of the same miles But others reckon the length of it at no more then 480 miles who may be reconciled with Plinie by supposing this that these last measure in a strait and direct line from River to River and that Pliny coasted by the Creekes and reaches of the Adriatick Situate in the Northern temperate Zone betwixt the middle Parallels of the sixth and seventh Climates so that the longest day in summer is about 15 houres and an halfe The Countrie is generally fruitfull of all those commodities which are found in Italy to which little inferiour yeelding not onely wine and oyle in very good plenty but good store of Cattell and of wilde beasts of pleasure no want at all some rich veins also of gold and silver The northern parts are mountainous cold for the most part lying under snowes not capable of wine or any the like productions which require much heat But even these mountainous parts afford very good pasturage and breed a wealthy race of sheep which bring forth young twice a yeare and are shorn four times Nor doth the Sea coasts come behinde in advancing the profit of the people not onely yeelding store of fish but the benefit of many excellent and convenient Havens The people are courageous proud stubborn and untractable of strong bodies and able constitutions fit for workes of drudgerie and so employed by the Venetians when first brought under their command who using them in all servile offices both at home and abroad occasioned the neighbouring Nations to call their Villaines or Bond-servants as they of Venice did by the name of Sclaves that being originally as to this people the name
idest Lord of Lords to command the rest in generall They of the other chambers are the Janizaries or Praetorian Souldiers of the Guard to whose faith and trust the care of the Emperours Person is committed The tithing of these young springals is as we have said every fifth year and oftner sometimes as occasions serve By which means he not only disarmeth his own subjects and keepeth them from attempting any stirre or innovation in his Empire but spoileth all the Provinces he most feareth of the Flower Sinews and strength of their People choise being made of the strongest youths only and fittest for war These before they are inrold in pay are called Azamoglans and behave themselves with much submissiveness towards their Seniours and governours but when once they are honoured with the title of Janizaries they grow by degrees into an intolerable pride and haughtiness till of late they were not permitted to mary neither now can any of their sonnes be accounted any other than a naturall Turk whom of all the rest they account the basest the eldest onely excepted to whom this Prerogative was granted by Amurath the third when he came to the crown They are in number 40000. of which 16000 are alwaies resident in Constantinople In this City they are diversly employed being as Constables to see the Peace kept as Clerks of the Market to see to the weights and measures as Officers to arrest common offenders as Warders to look to the gates to guard the houses of Embassadours and to travel with strangers for their more safety in which charge they are very faithfull There pay is but five aspers a day and two gowns yearly neither are their hopes great the command of 10 20 and 100 men being their greatest preferment yet are they very obsequious to their Captain or Aga who is inferiour to the meanest Bassa though in power perhaps above the chiefest For the crafty Turks join not power and authority and if they observe the Janizaries to love and respect their Aga they quickly deprive him of life and office The Founder of this Order was Amurath the first Anno 1365. their greattest establisher Amurath the second their name signifieth young Souldiers Now concerning these Jamazaries we will farther consider the sway they bear in designing the Successour 2. There insoleney towards the Emperour and his Officers 3. Their behaviour in the vacancy of the throne and 4. Their punishments 1. Concerning the first I never find any particular sway the Janizaries carryed in the designation of their Emperour till the death of Mahomet the Great when the Bassas having chosen Coreub the sonne of Bajazet were overruled by the Aga and his Janizaries who more inclined to Bajazet his Father and sonne to Mahomet Though I am not ignorant that when this Mahomet succeeded in the Throne the joyful acclamations made by the Souldiers was accounted the chiefest sign of his secure and perpetuated establishment But the chief instance of their power herein was the inthronizing of Selimus the first who being but the seventh sonne of this Bajazet was not only preferred by them before his brethren in his Fathers life time but by their aids also be severally mastered them and in the end poisoned his Father To omit other examples even of late Anno 1622. they slew the young Emperoun Osmen drew his Unkle Mustapha out of prison and established him in the Royalty 2. As for the next the first example in which I find them peccant toward their Prince was at the beginning of the reign of the abovementioned Bajazet when hearing of the intended death of Achmet Bassa whom they loved they broke open the Court gates and told the Emperour They would teach him like a drunkard a beast and a rascall as he was to use his great place and calling with more sobriety and discretion Not long after conceiving further displeasure against the said Bajazet they shook their weapons against him and refused to take him into the middest amongst them and were not without great and vile submission on his part appeased Against Selimns the first they also mutined when being resolved to winter in Armenia for the better pursuit of his victories against the Persian he was by them forced to return home unto Constantinople Against Solyman they mutined so violently that they compelled him to displace Rustan his chief Bassa or favorite Against Amurath the 3d. for placing over them a new Aga they so strongly opposed themselves that first they set fire on Constantinople and burnt therein besides shops and ware-houses twentyfive great Innes seven Temples and 15000 houses and in the end constrained him to give them money and to yield also into their hands two of his chief Counsellors by them supposed to be their adversaries whom they drew about the streets Finally to omit the tumult 1622 above-named in the year 1600 they grew so discontented with Mahomet the 3d. that they not onely threatned to destroy the Principal Officers of the Court and the banishment of the Sultaness his Mother but the deposing of himself also 3. Now for the third I find it to have been the custome of these Janizaries between the deaths of an old Emperor and the beginning of a new to commit divers insolencies as the rifling of the houses of the Jews and Christians among whom they dwell the murdering of the Bassas and principall men about the Court whom they suspected not to have favoured them and a number of the like outragious mischiefs Of these we find frequent mention as after the death of Amurath the 2d and Mahomet the Great at which last time the Merchants of Constantinople being naturall Turks escaped not their ravenous hands neither could Mahomet-Bassa avoid the fury of their swords This spoil they took for so certain a due that if they were disappointed of it they would presently raise commotions both in Court Field and City unless some present satisfaction were made them To this end Ackmat distributed among them two millions and an half of Ducats Selimus the first two millions others made an encicase of their dayly pay But Selimus the 2d distributing among them 100000 Sultanies onley was by them prohibited to enter into his Seraglio till he had inlarged his bounty and the great Bassâ—es were rapped about the pate with their callivers for perswading them to quietness Now to prevent the dangerous and factious liberty which in the vacancy of the Empire was usually committed the death of the old Emperour was with all secrecy concealed till the arrivall of the new To omit others I will instance in the deaths of Mahomet the first and Solyman onely This Solyman died at the siege of Sigeth in Hungary which was so cunningly concealed by Mahomet-Bassa the space of twenty dayes that before the Janizaries knew of it his sonne Selimus had possessed himself of Constantinople and came also to their Army then in retreat homewards For this Mahomet privately strangled the Physicians and Apothecaries which knew
〈◊〉 another Kingdome of this Tract frontire upon Cauchâ—-China beyond 〈◊〉 so called from 〈◊〉 the chief Town of it The Country rich by reason that it may be drowned and dried up again when the people will full of good pastures by that means and those well stored with Sheep Goats Swine Deer and other Cattel though the people neither kill nor eat them But on the contrary build Hospitals for them in which when lame and old they are kept till they die Yet many times they eat their money and I cannot blame them their small money being Almonds 3. GOVREN a kind of Desart or unpeopled Country joyneth close to this In which are few Villages grass longer than a man and therein many Buffes Tigers and other wild Basts none wilder than the Theeves who frequent the wildernesses In this Tract also are the Kingdoms of RAME and RECON joining upon Zagâ—thâ—â— or endining towards it possessed by the Mongul Tartars from the time of Tamerlane if not before but Fendataries to the Kings of Châ—bul or Arachosie who commanded in the North-East of Persâ—â— and these North parts of India and from those places drew his Army or the greatest part of it when called unto the aid of Gâ—lgee the King of Mâ—ndâ—o Here is also the Kingdome of TIPPVRA naturally fenced with hills and mountains and by that means hitherto defended against the Mongul Tartarâ— their bad neighbours with whom they have continuall warres But of these Northern Kingdomes lying towards Tartary there is but little to besaid and that little of no certain knowledge those parts being hitherto so untravelled that they may pass in the Accompt of a Terra Incâ—gnita 11. PATANAW PATANE or PATANAW is bounded on the North with the Realms of 〈◊〉 on the East with Ganges on the West with Oristan and on the South with the Kingdome and Gulf of Bengala So called from Pataâ—e the chief City of it There is another Kingdome of thâ—â— name in the further India but whether it were so called because a Colony of this or from some resemblances in the nature of the severall Countries or from the signification of the word in the Indian language I am not able to determine Certain I am that though they have the same name yet they are under several Governments and situate in farre distant places no other wise agreeing than in some resemblances as Holland in the Low-Countries doth with Holland in Lincolâ—shire The Country yieldeth veins of Gold which they dig out of the pits and wash away the earth from it in great Bolls The people tall and of slender making many of them old great Praters and as great dissemblers The women so bedecked with silver and copper especially about the feet that they are not able to endure a shooe Both Sexes use much washing in the open Rivers and that too intermâ—xt together in their naturall nakedness especially such as live neer the banks of the River Jemenae esteemed more holy than the rest which from Agra passing thorow this Country falleth into Ganges Chief Towns hereof 1. Patane a large town and a long one built with very broad streets but the houses very mean and poor made at the best of earth and hurdles and thatched over head The Metropolis of this Kingdom because the antientest and that which gives the name unto it 2. Bannaras a great Town on Ganges to which the Gentiles from remote Countries use to come in pilgrimage to bath themselves in the holy waters of that River The Country betwixt this and Patanaw very fair and flourishing and beautified upon the Rode with handsome Villages 3. Siripur the chief Seat of one of the old Princes of this Country not yet subdued by the Great Mongu's 4. Ciandecan on the bottom of the Gulf of Bengala the Seat of another of their Kings One of which memorable for a trick put upon the Jesuâ—es when blamed by them for the worship of so many Pagâ—des as contrary both to the law of God and nature For causing them to rehearse the Decalogue he told them that he did offead no more against those commandements in worshiping so many Pagodes than they themselves in worshipping so many Saints 5. 〈◊〉 a fair City for a City of Moores once part of Patanaw since ascribed to Bengala The people of this Country properly called Pataneaâ—â— but corruptly Parthians wâ—re once of great command and power in these parts of India Lords for a time of a great part of the Kingdom of Bengala into which driven by Baburxa the Mongul Tartar the Father of Emanpaxda and Grand-father of Eâ—hebar Their last King being slain in that war twelve of â—heir chief Princes joined in an Aristocraty and warring upon Emanpaxda had the better of him After this their Successors attempted Oristan and added that also to their Estate But they could not long make good their fortunes subdued by Ethebar the Mongul and made subject to him Three of them viz. the Prince of Siripur the King of 〈◊〉 and he whom they call Mausadalion retain as yet for ought I can learn unto the contrary as well their antient Paganism as their natural liberty The other nine together with Mahometanism have vassailâ—d themselves to the great Mongul now the Lord Paramount of the Country 12. BENGALA BENGALA is bounded on the North with Patanaw on the East with the Kingdoms of Pegu on the South and West with the Gulf of Bengala So called from Bengala the chief City of it It containeth in length on the Gulf and River 360 miles and as much in breadth into the Land A Countrey stored with all things necessary to the life of man great plenty of Wheat Rice Sugar Ginger and Long-Pepper Such aboundance of Silk Cotton and of Flesh and Fish that it is impossible that any Countrey should exceed it in those commodities And which crowns all blest with so temperate and sweet an air that it draws thither people of all sorts to inhabit it Here is also amongst other rarities a Tree called Moses which beareth so delicate a fruit that the Jews and Mâ—hometans who live here affirm it to be the fruit which made Adam to sin The natural Inhabitants for the most part are of white complexion like the Europaeans subtil of wit and of a courteous disposition well skill'd in dealing in the world much given to traffick and intelligent in the way of Merchandize if not somewhat deceitful Noâ— ignorant of other Arts but with some imattering in Philosophy Physick and Astrology Stately and delicate both in their Diet and Apparell not naked as in others of these Indian Provinces but clothed in a shirt or smock reaching to their feet with some upper Garment over that The women of an ill name for their unchastity though Adultery be punished with cutting off of their noses Neat if not curious and too costly in this one custom that they never seeth meat twice in the same Pot but for every boyling buy a new one In Religion
surnamed Jangheere the sonne of Echebar who added nothing that I hear of to his fathers conquests 1627. 8. Blockie the grandchild of Selim by his eldest sonne wickedly murdered by the practice of Curroon at Agra proclamed King on the death of his Grand-father but shortly after made away by Asaph Chawn so to make room for 1627. 9. Curroon the third sonne of Selim or Jangheere and sonne-in-law unto Assaph Chawn having by his own Ministers and the hands of his Father-in-law murdered the proclamed King his Nephew and all the other Princes of the Royall blood succeeded into the Estates and was crowned at Agra A wicked and bloody Prince still living for ought I hear to the contrary To look a little on these Princes their estate and power in matters of Religion they have generally been Mahometans that Religion being long since embraced by the Tartars from whom they originally descended But not so scrupulous or precise in that profession as to endeavour the suppressing of any other opinions both Echebar and his sonne Jangheere being so inclined unto Christianity that they permitted the Jesuites to build Colleges and Churches in Agra it self the Imperiall City and many other chief Cities in his dominions Of Echebar it is reported that being doubtfull what Religian to adhere unto he caused 30 Infants to be so brought up that neither their Nurses nor any body else should speak unto them resolving to addict himself to the Religion of that Country whose language should be spoken by them as most agreeable to nature and he did accordingly For as those Children spoke no language so was he positive and resolved in no Religion Able to see the vaâ—ues of Mahomet and the horrible impieties of the Gentiles but not willing to conform unto the strictâ—â—â—â—â—t Christianity And though Selim who succeeded to content his Mahometan Subjects declared himself for that Religion yet his affairs being once settled and his Throne confirmed he became as Neutral as his Father Sultan Currâ—on now Reigning of the same Neutrality and 't is well he is so there being no Religion so impure and bloody which he would not dishonor by his known ungraciousness The Language spoken by these Princes and their natural Subjects the Mogores or Mongul-Tartars is said by some to be the Turkuh But I think rather that it is some Language near it than the very same And that the Language which they speak is the ancient Scythian or Tartarian from which the Turks a Scythian people differ but in Dialect a sprinkling of the Persian intermixt amongst it A mixture not to be denied in regard of their long dwelling in that Countrey the entercouse which their Subjects of those parts have with these of India and that the greatest part of their Souldiers Officers and Commanders are supplied from thence Their Government is absolute if not Tyrannical the Great Mongul being Lord of all and heir to every mans estate which is worth the having the persons and purses of his Subjects at his sole disposing so that he may amass what treasures and raise what forces for the Wars his need requireth or the Avarice or Ambition of his Ministers shall suggest unto him First for his Treasures it is conceived that his Revenue doth amount yearly to Fifty Millions of Crowns and there are reasons to perswade that it may be more The Countrey very rich and notably well traded from all parts of the world the Impost upon which is of infinite value besides the vast sums of money brought into his Dominions from all Countreys whatsoever which hold traffick here their commodities not being to be parted with but for ready coyn The whole Land being also his he estates it out for no term certain retaining a third part of the profits to himself and leaving two thirds to the Occupants to be held by them during pleasure Who if they thrive upon their bargains they thrive not for themselves but him it being in his power if he want patience to expect the Incumbents death to enter on the whole estate of the Teâ—ant by the way of Escheat but if he tarry till the death of the Occupant it falls to him of course the wife and children of the deceased being fairly dealt with if he content himself with the personal estate and leave the Land to them to begin anew For instance of those huge sums which in so rich a Countrey may be had this way it is said that when the Vice Roy of Lahor dyed he left to Echebar three millons of Gold besides Silver Jewels Horses Elephants Furniture and Goods almost invaluable And of one Raga Gagnar another of his great Officers that at his death the Great Mongul seized of his into his hands 3300 pound weight of Gold besides Plate and Jewels Besides these means of heaping treasure all the Mines of the Countrey are wholly his and the Presents given by all sorts of Suters hardly to be numbered none being admitted to his presence which comes empty handed Finally if Badurius which was King of Cambaia onely could bring into the field at once 500 Tun of gold and silver to pay his Army and after the loss of all that treasuee advanced upon the sudden the sum of 600000 Crowns which he sent to Solyman the Magnificent to come to succor him both which it is well known he did What infinite Treasures must we think this Prince to be master of who hath more than four times the estate of the King of Cambaia and far more trading now than in former times By the like Parallel we may conjecture somewhat at his Forces also Badurius the Cambaian brought into the field against Merhamed and the King of Mand ae as was partly touched upon before 150000 Horse 500000 Foot 2000 Elephants armed 2000 pieces of brass Ordnance of which were four Basilisks each of them drawn with 100 yoke of Oxen and 500 Carts loaded with powder and shot What then may we conceive of this Prince who is Lord of so much a greater estate than he but that his Levies may be raised proportionably to so great Dominions But because possibly Badurius did extend himself to the utmost of his power and having lost two Battels was never able to recruit again which no wise Prince would do but in great extremities It is conceived that the Mongul without running any such hazards on the loss of a Battel can in an instant raise 50000 Elephants 300000 Horse and Foot proportionable and yeâ— have stock enough for an After-game if that he should chance to lose the first But it is seldom that he hath advanced to so high a Muster For in his action upon the Kingdoms of Decan he had but an Hundred thousand men and a thousand Elephants for fight though possibly of all sorts of people there might be more than double that number For in his ordinary removes in time of Progress it is said that his followers of all sorts amount unto two hundred thousand and that his Tents
kingdome of Ava unto one of his Brothers that of Peam to one of his grandsonnes the kingdome of Jangoma to a younger sonne but born after the time of his obtaining the Crown of Pegu and finally that of Pegu with the Soveraignty over all the rest to his eldest sonne a Prince of vicious and tyrannical nature and not more cruell to his subjects than they disobedient to him Whereupon preparations are made on both sides the people to defend their liberty the King to preserve his Royalty During these civill discords the titulary king of Stam whose late overthrow was not yet fully digested came violently into the Countrey of Pegu burning Corn Grass and Fruits killing man woman and child and having satisfyed his Fury returned to his home This spoil of the fruits of the Earth was but a prâ—logue to an unsupportable famine which consumed all the inhabitants of this flourishing kingdome except such whom the Granaries of the City of Pegu preserved Anno 1598. For here the Fathers devoured their Children the stronger preyed upon the weaker not only devouring their more fleshy parts but their entrails also nay they broke up the skulls of such as they had slain and sucked out their brains This calamity incited another Tributary Prince of Tangu to make his best advantage out of his neighbours affliction though made his Brother-in-Law and advanced to great honours by his Father For justly fearing the displeasure of his angry Prince to whose aid he had refused to come when sent for by him he joined himself with the king of Arrahan besieged his Lord and Soveraign in the Fort of Meccao Brought to extremities the unfortunate Prince thought best to put himself into the hands of his brother of Tangu who assaulted and entred Pegu where he found as much treasure as 600 Elephants and as many horses could conveniently carry away This havock being made he villanously murdered the King Queen and their Children and departed leaving the gleaning of his spoil to the King of Arrachan who Anno 1600 was expelled by the King of Siam who enjoyed it not long For the King of Barma having with an Army of an hundred thousand fighting men and fourty thousand Elephants subdued the Kingdomes of Macin and Arrachan followed the currents of his Victories conquered Siam drove the king thereof from PEGV where he hath built a most Magnificent Palace and is now the sole Monarch of the twelve kingdomes of this India A more particular relation of this King and his new-settled Estate we cannot yet understand what his Revenues are what his Government what his Forces Merchants whose inquisitiveness into the State-Matters of other Princes is dangerous to their trading cannot give us any full satisfaction Scholars and Statists are not permitted to observe and such of the Natives as could give us the most light are not suffered to travell Onely we may conjecture by the great Wealth of those several Princes and the vast Armies by them raised in their severall Territories that his Annual Revenues Casualties and united Forces must be almost infinite And so much for INDIA OF THE ORIENTAL ILANDS THE ORIENTAL ILANDS so called from their situation in the Oriental or Eastern Seas may be divided into the Ilands of 1. Japan 2. the Philippinae 3. the Isles of Bantam 4. the Moluccoes 5. those called Sinde or the Celebes 6. Java 7. Borneo 8. Sumatra 9. Ceilan and 10. certain others of less note 1. JAPAN JAPAN is an aggregate body of many Ilands separated by small Gulfs Streights and turnings of the Sea but taking name from Japan the chief of all Some reckon them to be 66. in all others ascribe that number to so many Kingdoms into which these Ilands be they in number more or less use to be divided But whatsoever the number be the certainty whereof I can no where find there are three only of accompt to which the severall petit Kingdoms are now reduced that is to say 1. Japan specially so called which containeth 53 Kingdoms of which 26 are under the King of Meace 12 under the King of Amagunce the other 15 under other Princes of inferior note II. Ximo which containeth in it nine Realms the principall whereof are those of Bungo and Figen III. Xicoum which comprehendeth four onely of these petit Signeuries JAPAN the chief of all these Ilands to which the residue may be accompted of but as Appurtenances is situate over against the streights of Anian towards which it looketh to the North distant from New Spain on the East 150 leagues or 450 English miles and 60 leagues from Cantan a Province of China opposite to it on the West On the South it hath the vast Ocean and those infinite sholes of Ilands which are called the Phillippinae and the Isles neighbouring upon them Extending in length from West to the East 200 leagues but the breadth not proportionable thereunto in some places not above ten leagues over and in the broadest parts but thirty The Country mountainous and barren but of a very healthy air if not too much subject unto cold yet in some places they have Wheat ripe in the moneth of May but their Rice which is their principall sustenance they gather not before September The surface of the Earth clothed with woods and forrests in which some Cedars of so tall and large a body that one of them onely is sufficient to make a Pillar for a Church the bowels of it stored with divers metals and amongst others with such inexhausible mines of gold that Paulus Venetus reporteth some of the Palaces of their Kings to be covered in this time with sheets of gold as ours in Europe are with lead But I find no such matter in our latter travellers Their Fields and Medows full of Cattel but hitherto not made acquainted with the making of Butter their Fens much visited by wild-Ducks as their house yards with Pigeons Turtles Quails and pullen The People for the most part of good understanding apt to learn and of able memories cunning and subtil in their dealings Of body vigorous and strong accustomed to bear Arms until 60 years old Their complexion of an Olive-Colour their beards thin and the one half of the hair of their heads shaved off Patient they are of pain ambitious of glory uncapable of suffering wrong but can withall dissemble their resentments of it till opportunity of revenge They reproach no man for his poverty so it come not by his own unthrifciness for which cause they detest all kinds of gaming as the wayes of ill-husbandry and generally abhorre standering these and swearing Their mourning commonly is in white as their feasts in black their teeth they colour black also to make them beautiful they mount on the right side of the horse and sit as we are used to rise when they entertain In Physick they eat salt things sharp and raw and in their salutations they put off their shooes The very Antipodes of our world in customs though not
furlongs 50 fathom deep in the midst whereof were two Pyramides 50 fathoms above the water and as much beneath it the Fish of this Lake for one fix moneths in the year said to be worth twenty of their pounds a day to the Kings Exchequer for the other six each day a Talent 4. The Lakes called Amari into which the Trench or River called Ptolomaeus doth discharge its waters conveyed from thence into the Red-Sea The whole divided antiently into two parts only 1. That called Delta betwixt the two extreme branches of the River Nilus the form of which letter it resembleth to him who standing on the Sea-shore could take a view of it 2. That called Thebais from Thebe the principal City of it comprehending all the rest of the course of that River shut up on both sides with the Mountains spoken of before But this Division leaving out all those parts hereof which lie on the East-side towards the Arabian Golfs and on the West as far as to the borders of Libya Marmarica the Macedonians laying it all together divided it into 18 Cantreds or Districts by them called Nomi increased in the time of Ptolomie the Geographer to 46. Ortelius out of divers Authors hath found 20 more When conquered by the Romans and made a Diocese of the Empire it was divided into four Provinces not reckoning Marmarica and Cyrene into the accompt that is to say 1. Aegyptus specially so called containing all the Delta and the District or Nomus of Mareotica bordering on Marmarica 2. Augustanica so called from Augustus Caesar on the East of the Delta betwixt it and Arabia Petraea 3. Arcadia so called from the Emperor Arcadius in whose time it was taken out of Thebais lying on both sides of the River from the Delta to the City of Antinous 4. Thebais extending on both sides of the River from the borders of Libya Marmarica to the Red-Sea as the other doth unto Aethiopia Divided otherwise by some into Superiorem reaching from Aethiopia to the City of Antinous Mediam stretching thence to the point of the Delta and Inferiorem which comprehendeth all the rest But at this time that part hereof which lieth on the South and East of Caire is called Saud or Salud honoured heretofore with the dwelling of the antient Pharaohs because nearest unto Aethiopia their most puissant neighbour 2. That betwixt Caire Rosetta and Alexandria hath the name of Errifia wherein the Ptolomaean Princes did most reside because most convenient for receiving supplies of men from the States of Greece And finally that from Caire to Tenese and Damiata is now called Maremna in which the Turks and Mamalucks made the seat of their Empire because more neighbouring to the Christians whom they stood in fear of as likewise to invade them upon that side In the whole Country there was reckoned in the time of Amasis the 2d. no fewer then 20000 Cities but if the Towns and Villages be not reckoned in I should much doubt of the accompt By Diodorus Siculus it is said that there were 3000 in his time but Ortelius on a diligent search finds 300 only Those of most note in the Province of Augustanica 1. Pelusium the most Eastern City of Egypt towards Idumaea situate on the most Eastern channel of Nilus called hence Pelusiacum by Ammianus said to be the work of Peleus the Father of Achilles commanded by the Gods to purge himself in the Lake adjoyning for the murder of his brother Phocus Accounted for the chief door of Egypt towards the Land as Pharos was to those who came thither by Sea the Metropolis of the Province of Augustanica the birth-place of Ptolomie the Geographer and the Episcopal See of S. Isidore sirnamed Pelusiotes whose eloquent and pious Epistles are still extant Out of the ruines hereof if not the same under another title arose 2. Damiata memorable for the often Sieges laid unto it by the Christian Armies for none more then that under John de Brenne the titulary King of Jerusalem and the Princes of Europe An. 1220. During which being of 18 moneths continuance the Famine and the Pestilence so extremely raged that the Town in a manner was dispeopled before the Besiegers knew any thing of their condition till in the end two venturous Souldiers admiring the silence and solitude of so great a City in a Bravado scaled the walls but found no man to make resistance the next day the whole Army entred where they found in every house and every corner of the streets whole heaps of dead bodies none to give them burial A lamentable and ruthful spectacle 3. Heros or Civitas Heroum in the Arabian Isthmus at the very bottom of the Golf remarkable for the first interview betwixt Jacob and Joseph after his coming into Egypt 4. Heliopolis or the City of the Sun now called Betsames in the Scriptures On of which Potiphar the Father of Asenath whom Pharaoh married unto Ioseph was priest or Prince as is said Gen. 41. 45. Given as Iosephus telleth us for an habitation to the sons of Iacob by consequence one of the chief Cities of the Land Rameses or Goshen and memorable in times succeeding for a publike Temple built for the Iewes with the consent of Ptolomie sirnamed Philadelphus by Onias the High-Priest then dispossessed of his authority and office by the power of Antiochus a Temple much esteemed by the Hellinists or Grecizing Iews and though Schismatical at the best in its first original yet not Schismatical and Idolatrous as was that of Mount Garizim 5. Bubustis somwhat more North then Heliopolis by some of the Antients called Avaris by the Scriptures Pibeseth another City of that tract now better known by the name of Zioth supposed to be the same which the Notitia calleth Castra Iudaeorum memorable in times of Paganisme for a famous Temple of Diana 6. Arsinoe on the shore of the Red Sea so called in honour of Arsinoe sister of Philadelphus and wife to Lysimachus King of Thrace afterwards called Cleopatris in honour of Queen Cleopatra now better known by the name of Sues Of great commerce and trading in the time of the Ptolomies Now almost abandoned and would be utterly deserted were it not made the station of the Turkish Gallies that command the Gulfe which being framed at Caire of such Timber as is brought thither by sea from the Woods of Cilicia and sometimes from the Shores of the Euxine Sea are again taken in peeces carried from Caire unto this City on the backs of Camels and here joyned together Conceived to be the same which in former times was called Baal Zephon of which see Exod. 14. 9. the last incamping-place of the Tribes of Israel who from hence passed through the Red Sea as upon dry land 7. Gleba Rubra by the Greeks called Hiera Bolus and sometimes Erythra Bolus also more neer the Latine the redness of the soyl giving name unto it situate on the River or Trench of Tralan more memorable for a
at Joppa or some other Port of the Mediterranean and from thence set forwards thorow the Streits of Gibraltar and so plainly Westward 7. Finally in the History of Wales writ by David Powel it is reported that Madoc the son of Owen Gwinedth Prince of Wales of purpose to decline ingaging in a Civil war raised in that Estate in the year 1170. put himself to Sea and after a long course of Navigation came into this Country where after he had left his men and fortified some places of advantage in it he returned home for more supplies which he carried with him in ten Barks but neither he nor they looked after by the rest of that Nation To which some adde that here is still some smattering of the Welch or British tongue to be found amongst them as that a Bird with a white head is called Pengwin and the like in which regard some sorry Statesmen went about to entitle Queen Elizabeth unto the soveraignty of these Countries Others more wise disswaded from that vain Ambition considering that Welch men as well as others might be cast upon those parts by force of tempest and easily implant some few words of their own among the people there inhabiting And though I needs must say for the honour of Wales that they have more grounds for what they say then those which look for this New World in the Atlantis of Plato the Atlantick Ilands of Aristotle and Plutarch or the Discoveries of Hanno the Carthaginian yet am I not so far convinced of the truth thereof the use of the Mariners Compass being not so antient without which such a Voyage could not be performed but that I may conclude with more satisfaction that this Country was unknown to the former Ages But now as Mela the Geographer said once of Britain then newly conquered by the Romans Britannia qualis sit qualesque progeneret mox certiora magis explorata dicentur quippe jam diu clausam aperit ecce Principum maximus he means Claudius Caesar nec indomitarum modo sed incognitarum ante se Gentium Victor so may we say of America on these late discoveries What kind of Country it is and what men it produceth we do and shall know more certainly then in former times since those puissant Kings of Spain have laid open all the parts thereof inhabited not only by unvanquished but even unknown Nations For God remembring the promise of his Son that his Gospel should before the end of the World be preached to all Nations stirred up one Christopher Colon or Columbus born at Nervy in the Signeury of Genoa to be the instrument for finding out those parts of the World to which the sound of the Gospel had not yet arived Who being a man of great abilities and born to undertake great matters could not perswade himself the motion of the Sun considered but that there was another World to which that glorious Planet did impart both his light and heat when he went from us This World he purposed to seek after and opening his Design to the State of Genoa An. 1486 was by them rejected On this repulse he sent his brother Bartholomew to King Henry the seventh of England who in his way hapned unfortunately into the hands of Pirats by whom detained a long while but at last inlarged Assoon as he was set at liberty he repaired to the Court of England where his Proposition sound such chearfull entertainment at the hands of the King that Christopher Columbus was sent for to come thither also But God had otherwise disposed of this rich purchase For Christopher not knowing of his Brothers imprisonment not hearing any tidings from him conceived the offer of his service to have been neglected and thereupon made his Desires known at the Court of Castile where after many delayes and six yeers attendance on the business be was at last furnished with three ships only and those not for Conquest but Discovery With this small strength he sailed on the main Ocean more then 60 days yet could see no Land so that the discontented Spaniards began to mutinie and partly out of scorn to be under the command of a Stranger partly desirous to return would not go a foot forwards Just at that time it hapned that Columbus did discern the clouds to carry a cleerer colour then they did before and probably conceiving that this clearness proceeded from some nigh habitable place restrained the time of their expectation within the compass of three days passing his word to return again if they did not see the Land within that time Toward the end of the third day one of the Company called Rodrigo de Triane he deserves to have his name recorded being no otherwise rewarded for such joyful news descried Fire an evident Argument that they drew neer unto some shore The place discovered was an Iland on the Coast of Florida by the Natives called Guhanani by Columbus S. Saviours now counted one of the Lucaios Landing his men and causing a Tree to be cut down he made a Cross thereof which he eâ—ected neer the place where he came on Land and by that Ceremony took possession of this NEW WORLD for the Kings of Spain Octob. 11. An. 1492. Afterwards he discovered Cuba and Hispaniola and with much treasure and content returned towards Spain and after three other great Voyages fortunately finished he died in the year 1506. and lieth buried at Sevil. Preferred for this good service by the Fings themselves first to be Admiral of the Indies and next unto the title of Duke De la Vega in the Isle of Jamaica but so maligned by most part of the Spaniards that Bobadilla being 〈◊〉 into those parts for redress of grievances loaded him with Irons and returned him 〈◊〉 into Spain Nor did they only stick after his death to deprive him of the honour of this Discovery attribuâ—ing it to I 〈◊〉 not what Spaniard whose Cards and Descriptions he had seen but iâ— his life would often say that it was a mitter of no such difficulty to have sound these Countries and that if he had not done it when he did some body else might have done it for him VVhose peevishriess he consuted by this modest artifice desiring some of then who insolently enough had contended with him couching this Discovery to make an Egg stand firmly upon one of its ends Which when they could not do upon many Trials he gently bruizing one end of it made it stand upright letting them see without any further reprehension how easie it was to do that thing which we see another do before us But to proceed Columbus having thus led the way was seconded by Americus Vâ—spusius an old venturous Florentine imploied therein by Emanuel King of Portugal from whom the Continent or Main land of this Country hath the name of Americas by which still known and 〈◊〉 commonly called To him succeeded John Cabot a Venetian the Father of Sebastian Cabot in
to the Crown of England by the puissance of King Edward the first by whom made one of the shires of Wales as it still continues Not far from Anglesey some what inclining to the South is the Isle of Bardsey by Ptolomie called Edri by Plinie Adros by the Welch Eulby extending towards the East with a rockie Promontory but rich and fruitfull towards the West the retiring place of many godly and devout Hermits in the former times Southwards from hence and over against St. Davids are two other Ilands the one called Selame plentifull of wild honey the other named by the Welch Lymen by the English Ramsey thought to be the Limni of Ptolomie the Silimnum of Plinie but not else remarkeable VI THE ILANDS OF THE SEVERN SEA are four in number of no great note but I must take them in my passage to the Isles of Silly Of those the first is Flat-Holm from the flat and levell the 2d Stepholm from the steep and craggie disposition of it both by the Welch called Echni and both situate over against the County of Somerset More towards the opening of the Channel lieth the Isle of 3 Chaldey called by the Welchmen Inis Pâ—r of as small note as the other and at the very mouth thereof the Isle of 4 Lundey over against Devonshire the principall Iland of this Sea extending two miles every way of excellent pasturage well stored with Conies and great plenty of â—igeons Situate a good distance from any part of the land in the middest of the Salt and Brackish Ocean and yet yieldeth many Springs of Fresh-Water for the use of the people inhabiting for the most part in a Town of the same name with the Iland A place of very great strength and safety begirt about with dangerous unapproachable Rocks and having but one way of access into it and that so narrow that two men cannot go a brest VII The Isles of SILLY in number 145 are situate over against the most Western Promontorie of Cornwall from which distant 24 miles and lie round together in the manner of a ring or Circle Discovered first by the Silures a Phoenician Colonie in Spain opposite against which they lie thence called Silures by Solinus much traded and resorted to by the said Phoenicians from the Isle of Gades invited thereunto by the unexhaustible Mines of Tinne which they found amongst them A Trade so great and gainfull to them that they held it a great point of State 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to keep it as a secret from all the World as we find in Strabo who addes the story of a Carthagâ—nian or Phoenician Merchant incountred in his voyage hither by some Roman Vessels and splitting his ship on the next shore where he knew the Romans would not follow him rather than let them know to what place he was bound Rewarded for his honest care and recompenced for the loss of his ship and goods out of the publick Treasurie From this abundance of Tinne the Graecians when they came to know them called them Cassitâ—rideâ— Cassiteres in that language signifying Tynne accordingly Herodotus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 affirming that he knew not those Ilands called Cassiterides from whence Tynne was brought The richness of this Commodity the pleasures of the place and the Western Situation of them make many of the Grecians call them the Hâ—sperides mistaking them for the Fortunate Ilands By Solinus they are called Silures as before is said Sigdeles in the corrupt Copies of Antoninus insulae Sillinae by Severus Sulpitius from whence we have the name of the Isles of Silly The Flemings I know not why call them the Sorlings All of them very fruitfull in Corn and Herbage besides the treasures hid within well stored with Conies Cranes Swans and most sorts of Wild Fowl Ten of them more esteemed than the rest are called by the names of 1 Aâ—math 2 Agnes 3 Sampson 4 Silly 5 Bresar 6 Rusco 7 S. Helens 8 Arthur 9 S. Maurice and 10 St. Maries Of which the most famous in the accompt of former times was that of Silly as giving name unto the rest but in the present estimate St. Maries is accompted the chief of all 8 miles in compass fruitfull of all necessaries and fortified with a very strong Castle built by Queen Elizabeth well manned and Garrisoned for defence of a large and goodly Harbour made amongst these Ilands capable of the greatest Navies These Ilands first discovered by Himilco a Carthaginian sent by that State to search into the West Coasts of Europe became of great same afterwards both in Greece and Italy by reason of the Mines of Tynne spoken of before So beneficiall to the Romans that they used to send hither their condemned Prisoners to work in the Mines as the best service to be done by their forfeited lives And hither amongst others Iustantius a fierce Priscillianist for his factious and seditious cariage was â—ent by Maxâ—mus ad Sulliman 〈◊〉 ultra Britanniam deportatus as Sulpitius hath it After the Romans had forsaken their hold in Britain they returned again into the power and possession of the Naâ—ives from whom subdued and added unto the English Crown by Atheâ—stan the eighth King of England now ordered for Civill matters as a part of Cornwall for military by their own Captain subordinate to the Lord Lieutenant of that Countie and for the Tâ—â—-trade by the Lord Warden and Court of Stanneries An Officer and Court erected for the benefit and regulating of the Tinners of Cornwall who by reason of their employment in there Mines have many privileges and exemptions more than other Subjects but of late limited and restrained by Act of Parliament VII The Isle of WIGHT lieth over against Hampshire from which it seemeth to have been divided the passage betwixt it and Huâ—st-Castle on the opposite shore being very narrow and the name of it intimating some such division For by the Bâ—itans it was antiently called Guith which signifieth a breach or separation from whence the English have their Wight the turning of Gu. to W. being familiar with the Saxons and all other Dutch people and from the same Root probably the Romans had the name of Vectis Vecht Wight and Guith being words of such neer resemblance that we need not travell further for an Etymologie The Iland of an Ovall form 20 miles in length and 12 miles broad about the middest from thence growing narrower towards each end to the North and South Naturally fenced about on all sides on the South especially where it looks towards France on which side inaccessible by reason of the steep and craggie Rocks the whole length thereof and not much less safe on the North-west where the remainder of the Rocks which they call the Shingles and the Needles not worn away either at or since the first separation from the other shore make the passage dangerous except to single ships and those not unacquainted with the course of the Channell Towards the North-East