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A04235 A princes looking glasse, or A princes direction, very requisite and necessarie for a Christian prince, to view and behold himselfe in containing sundrie, wise, learned, godly, and princely precepts and instructions, excerpted and chosen out of that most Christian, and vertuous Basilikon dōron, or his Maiesties instructions to his dearest sonne Henrie the prince, and translated into Latin and English verse (his Maiesties consent and approbation beeing first had and obtained thereunto) for the more delight and pleasure of the said prince now in his young yeares: by William Willymat. Willymat, William, d. 1615.; James I, King of England, 1566-1625. Basilikon doron.; Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, 1594-1612. 1603 (1603) STC 14357; ESTC S107563 29,566 96

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A PRINCES LOOKING GLASSE OR A PRINCE DIRECTION very requisite and necessarie for a Christian Prince to view and behold himselfe in containing sundrie wise learned godly and Princely precepts and instructions excepted and chosen out of that most Christian and vertuous ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΟΝ ΔΩΡΟΝ or his Maiesties instructions to his dearest sonne HENRIE the Prince and translated into Latin and English verse his Maiesties consent and approbation beeing first had and obtained thereunto for the more delight and pleasure of the said Prince now in his young yeares By William Willymat Prov. 22.6 Instrue puerum pro ratione viae ipsius quùm valde senuerit non recedit ab 〈◊〉 Phocilides Dum teuer est natus generos●… instrue mores PRINTED BY IOHN LEGAT PRINter to the Vniuersitie of Cambridge 1603. And 〈◊〉 to be sold in Pauls Churchyard at the signe of the 〈◊〉 by Simon Waterson TO THE MOST VERtuous and famous young Prince HENRIE FREDERICK Prince of Wales Knight of the most noble order of the Garter Grace from God the Father and all manner of happines and blessings externall internall and eternall through Christ Iesus PHillip the King of Macedonia immediatly after the birth of his sonne Alexander is saide to haue written vnto that most famous Philosopher Aristotle after this manner Philippus Aristoteli salutem dicit Filium mihi genitum scito quamobrem dijs habeo gratiam non perinde quia natus est quàm pro co quod nasci contigit temporibus vitae tuae spero enim fore vt educatus eruditusque abs te dignus existat nobis rerum istarum successione c. But I may write vnto you O most worthie young Prince Deo Opt. Max. gratias habeto maximas non perinde quia natus es princeps quàm pro eo quod à tanto Rege talique patre divina benignitate genitum esse contigit qui potuit voluit te suo ipsius cerebro suo ipsius calamo suo ipsius labore cura diligentia ita formare erudire vt illo patres regnorum suerum successione dignus existas Plato likewise is said to haue left it written that the Kings of Persia with great care and diligence sought forth foure manner of teachers to instruct such their children as they hoped should succeede them in their kingdomes first the truest that might be found which did euer teach them that truth in a king was alwaies most chiefly to be regarded and maintained secondly the iustest who euer taught them that iustice in a politique gouernment was to be preferred thirdly the temperatest who alwaies set before them examples of temperancie and fourthly the valiantest who euer shewed them many things concerning fortitude theoricall vertues and the worthie acts of kings Princes and noble men and exhorted them diligently to imitate good examples and to eschew hate and vtterly detest the badde examples and shamefull enterprises of wicked tyrants But I may write vnto you most vertuous Prince that as our heauenly father hath liberally prouided for you by birthright if you liue thereunto the scepters of diuers kingdomes so hath he also as louingly caused you to be borne the sonne of such a father who as he is able through the rare and excellent gifts of God so by the penning of that his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for your onely selfe he hath shewed himselfe in very deede to be answerable to those foure picked sought for and chosen teachers of the Persians Doe but view I pray you and consider a while the foure qualities of those foure Persian teachers and then weigh and examine your owne deare fathers Christian and Princely instructions and you shall right soone perceiue that his fatherly precepts there vnto you commended doe not a farre off point and aime at those foure vertues by them seuerally taught but rather in such aboundant sort considering his short and compendious manner of writing display and lay open for your instruction and admonition first the trueth I meane the most true prudencie of Gods most holy word which he in earnest wise commendeth vnto you in your selfe and among your subiects to be especially regarded and maintained Secondly iustice which teacheth you to be carefull with great magnanimitie wisdome and discretion to preserue your politicke gouernment Thirdly temperance or moderation which he chargeth you ouer and ouer againe to obserue not onely in your kingly offices and duties but also euen in all things indifferent as in your apparell in your meates and drinkes your sleeping your bodily exercises c. And fourthly fortitude describing there vnto you what true fortitude is and wherein it truely consisteth The which foure vertues and many others your fathers booke sauouring of no smal paines diligēce vigilāt reading entreated of which after that it came to my hands here in England since the decease of our late soueraigne Queene Elizabeth my wits were so rauisht therewith at the first reading that I againe and againe read it ouer and yet not sufficed therewith I tooke pen in hand and as my slender wit and abilitie serued me I excerpted and here and there picked out briefly as I could the fittest and principallest precepts and instructions and those seuerally haue I translated into Latine English verses euery sentence into a Tetrastick Latine an Hexastick English which in that suddaine phylauticall heate of my spirit I haue caused here to be published presumed very boldly like a blind Bauius to commit them to the shrouding of your Princely wings most humbly crauing that you would pardon mine attempt and grant them your fauourable protection which if you will vouchsafe to doe then shall both this hastie birth of my weake braine come abroad with more safetie from the nipping of all busie baweling barkers curious cauillers sawcie Sycophants and all the factious familie of Momus his mates and my selfe also as otherwise so hereby the more bounden continually to invocate the Almighties maiestie so to direct gouerne and guide all your actions with his holy spirit that here in this life you may principally become zealous for his honour and glorie then that you may in some good measure satisfie the heartie hope and desired expectation patriae parentum amicorum ortus tui partem sibi vendicantium And lastly afterwards obtaine a portion in the number of Gods elect children in that heauenly Hierusalem Ruskington in Lincolnshiere this 6. of December 1603. Your Fathers Maiesties most loyall subiect and both his and your humble Orator William Willymat SPECVLVM PRINCIPIS Lib. 1. Speculum Principis 1. Praeceptum Deus cognoscendus amandus gratiae deo agendae SIt tibi cura Deum cognoscere prima potentem Proxima syncero complecti cordie amore Quote maiori Deus insigniuit honore Is sibi vult anto referatur gratia maior 2. Praeceptum Regi non conceditur liberior potestas peccandi quòd Rex sit Non tibi liberior sceleris concessa potestas Quod reliquos superas
that you doe your wittes thereto dispose Ought for to write either in verse or prose Soath not your selfe nor publish that I say Till learned censure doe it throughly way Often reui'sd no losse it can sustayne Once published cannot be cald againe 19 If worthie praise you meane some work t' indite A subiect chuse fit for a prince to write With vertue fraught farre from all vanitie Nor purposely affect obscurity But still delight and striue for to be plain That to the sense the reader may attayne 20 Addict yourselfe to exercise such sport As health maintaines and members doth comfort It s commendable for double respect For first it helpes greatly for to reiect Base idlenes and secondly to make Your bodie fit hard labours t' vndertake 21 Vse exercise to runne to leape to daunce To wrastle shoote and play at tennise chaunce But sparingly your speciall exercise Let be to ride and often enterprise To daunt great horses kept for warlike vse On horseback games to vse doe not refuse 22 A noble game and full of honour count With runnig houndes on courser swift to mount Because this play semblance of warres displayes And makes men skild to ride all dangerous waies Hauking I le not commend nor greatly praise A stirrer vp of passions alwaies 23 Vse measure in your pleasant pastimes braue Loose not time that belonges to matters graue Let this remaine deepe fixed in your brest The endes for which pastimes were first addrest That they your regall charge might better ease And not the same to hinder or displease 24 When nought remaines to doe as seeld befall Good kinges or Muse is tir'd or body thrall Now ill at ease or heauens tempestes threate Your wittes at artes on tables then doe wheat But dicing yet I doe not you commaund Not meete for Prince but debosht souldiers hand 25 Three rules obserue I counsaill you in play Resolue to loose what you on stake doe lay Nor hazard more then you would throwe to page Thirdly play faire by falsehood get noe gage Nor yet in iest false lying trickes doe vse Those are not play but greatest playes abuse 26 Haue speciall care when play you doe intend With men of honest name that time you spend Shune those that vicious are and filthie speach That mixe with mirth but chiefly I you teach Haunte not lewd dames before your mariage Lustes they prouoke and spoyle good cariage 27 In regiment of kingdomes ponder well What people most in ciuiltie excell And easiest are to rule and lawes obay The ruder sort to ioyne to these assay By faire allurements doe affect the same That Britaynes all may haue one hart and name 28 On God depend to him be constant true To blesse you in your office to him sue By th' externe vse whereof let all men see How th' inward heart is fraught with pietie In things indiferent let your gesture shew An image plaine of vertues decent hew 29 Remember well your passions to digest Before you seeke great sutes to set at rest For wrath short madnes is doe nothing mad Th' effectes whereof haue alwaies prooued bad Th' Apostles rule chuse rather to obserue Let anger none from Gods lawes make you swarue 30 Gladly aduaunce the good and vertuous With royall giftes that are most glorious Yet see that none though noble too high growe Least stately kingdome thereby be brought lowe Due punishment let wicked men still haue For owne desertes not others right doth craue 31 To euerie one your loue so farre extend As he himselfe to vertuous life doth bend And let none longer haue your gracious fauour Then he in vertuous deedes doth striue to labour And fauour him where vertues doe increase If vertues he forsake your loue let cease 32 Permit no man to wreack his proper wrong Done vnto him though he be great and strong For so great wrong gainst you he should commit Vsurping power for subiects farre vnfit To king alone the sword doth appertaine T' auendg his people which doe wrong sustaine 33 Make others harmes examples good to be That you thereby may learne harmes for to slie Too late repentance by your triall made Eschew for that fooles scholmaister is said Wise shall you be if former you doe chuse But foolish sure if it you doe refuse 34 Before your eies set still your greatest chardg The which be carefull well for to dischardg As principallest marck at which you shoote In all your deedes let not your mind hence flote And all other your actions see you make Helps to your greatest this rule doe not forsake 35 In other things let other men excell In your owne trade contend to beare the bell Which counsaill graue Anchises long a goe Gaue his Aeneas when he went him froe The like to you my dearest sonne I geue Deface the proud in peace doe rule and liue Deo soli gloria Amen Certaine epithetes and excellent titles wherewith Iulius Pollux who was gouernour to Emperour Commodus in his young yeares set forth and described the properties of a good king applied to the name of Henrie Fredericke the most noble Prince of Wales His knowledge must in making lawes excell Each one must easie accesse to him finde No passions strong within his heart may dwell Right willing to do good with princely minde Iustice to all he must alike maintaine Exceeding affable to poorest swaine Prouiding things that bring his people gaines Readie to profit all of each degree Industrious deuote to restless paines Noble in minde from feare of fortune free Courteous in gesture to his subiects all Euer constant not tossing like a ball One and the same not turning once aside Fraught with religion pure by scriptures tri'd With watchfull eie respecting subiects weale Affaires dispatching with conuenient speede Labouring for peace where discord doth preuaile Exceeding slowe to take reuenge indeed Skilfull in princely duties to proceed The author his vale to the young Prince Henrie Farewell young impe of Brittish soyle the stay Read see and tread your fathers chalked way O how much then shall God vs in you blesse Tonge scroll and quill cannot the same expresse Heire of your fathers crowne by natures course Heire to his vertues these preceptes you force Farre spread your roote and branches of your line Long may they budd like stems of some faire vine So shall our seede no lesse your fame adore Then wee your parents names haue done before O noble Prince pardon I pray the while My bould attempt harsh verse and ●…uder stile