his majoritie and raigne and so our storie shall grow up with him in dimensions and yeares Of his Nativitie and Dauphinage LEwis the thirteenth second French King of the Bourbon line had for his father Henry the great and the great Duke of Toscanies daughter for his mother The first we know was sent out of the world by Ravaillac the second by Richelieu as some out of excesse of passion doe suggest For this great Queene having conceived a deep displeasure and animositie against him and not liking his counsels and course of policy to put quarrels and kindle a war betwixt her children in a high discontentment she abandon'd France and so drew a banishment upon her selfe which expos'd her to divers encumbrances removes and residences abroad and this some thinke accelerated her end For great spirits have this of fastnesse and constancie in them that where their indignation is once fixed for having their counsels cross'd their authoritie lessen'd and the motions of their soules resisted they come ofttimes to breake rather then bow As we see the huge Cedars who scorning to comply with the windes and stormes fall more frequently then the Willow and poore plying Osier who yeeld and crouch to every puffe But to our chiefe taske When the sixteenth Christian centurie went out Lewis the thir teenth came into the world and he began the seventeenth being borne in the yeere sixteene hundred and one about the Antumnall Equinoctiall which was held to be a good presage that he would prove a good Iusticer The Queene had a hard delivery her body having beene distemper'd by eating of fruit too freely so that when the Midwife brought him forth to the King and to the Princes of the blood in the next roome who according to the custome of France use to be present for preventing of foule play for an Heire apparant of the Crown his tender body was become black and blue with roughnesse of handling and the Midwife thinking to have spouted some wine out of her mouth into his the King tooke the bottle himselfe and put it to the Dauphins lips which reviv'd his spirits His publique Baptisme was not celebrated till five yeers after at Fontainebleau because the plague was in Paris and the solemnitie was greater in preparation and expectance then it was in performance The King would have had him nam'd Charles but the Mother over-rul'd and gave the law in that point and would have him called Lewis Paul the fifth was his godfather notwithstanding that the Spanish faction did predominate in the Conclave at his election which happen'd about the time the Dauphin was borne And the French Ambassadour then at Rome meeting with the Spanish at Saint Angelo and telling him Ilmio Rè há fatto un maschio my King hath made a sonne The Spanish Ambassadour answer'd il mio Rè há fatto un Papa and my King hath made a Pope It seemes that Mercury the father of eloquution and who hath the powerfullest influence ore the tongue was oppressed by a disadvantagious conjunction with a more praedominate planet at his Birth which appear'd by that naturall slownesse he had in his speech as Lewis the sixt his predecessor and last Emperour of the six French Kings had But a rare thing it was and not to be paralleld in any age that two of the greatest Kings of Europe I meane the Dauphin we now write of and His Majesty of England now regnant should come both into the world within lesse then ten moneths compasse the one in November the other in September next following I say a most rare thing it was that it should so fall out that as they were contemporaries in yeares and raigne the same kinde of utterance should be coincident and connaturall to them both though the haesitation be lesse in Him of November Besides it seemes he is richly requited with the advantage of an incomparable imperious pen wherein nature joyning hand with Art hath made him so rich a compensation that he may well claime the palme of all his progenitors But now againe to our Infant Dauphin which the English with other call Dolphin commonly but very corruptly for 't is not from a fish but a faire Province that he derives this appellation the very instant he comes into the world the ground whereof was this Humbert last Dauphin of Viennois having lost his eldest sonne in that famous battaile of Crecy against the English and his tother sonne having died of a fall from betwixt the Fathers armes as he was dallying with him The said Humbert being oppressed by the Duke of Savoy and others transmitted and bequeathed as free gift the brave Province of Dauphinè unto Philip of Valois then King of France with this proviso that his eldest sonne and so of all successive Kings should beare the title of Dauphin to perpetuity during their fathers lifes holding it as he did and his progenitors had done in fee of the Empire This was the sixteenth Dauphin since the first who was Charles the wise in the yeare 1349. whereby I observe that the precedent title of the presomptif Heire of the Crowne of France is not so ancient by halfe a hundred of yeares as the title of Prince of Wales to the Heire apparant of England which begun in Edward the firsts time who conferred that honour upon his sonne Edward of Caernarvon 1301. But this title of Dauphin seemes to have a greater analogie with the Dukedome of Cornwall which title was confer'd first upon the black Prince because this as that of Dauphin needes no creation for ipsissimo instante the very moment that any of the King of Englands sons come to be Heire apparant of the Crowne he is to have liverie and seisin given him of the Dutchy of Cornwall with all the honours and lands annexed for his present support Touching those publike passages of State that happened during the Dauphinage of Lewis the thirteenth while Henry the fourth lived we will nor meddle with them because we would not confound the actions of the father with those of the sonne He was educated with that speciall care and circumspection wherewith the Dauphins of France are wont to be bred as also with that freedome from overmuch awe and apprehensions of feare which is observed in the French breeding generally because the spirits may not be suppressed and cowd while they are ductible and young and apt to take any impression He was not much taken with his booke nor any sedentary exercise but with pastimes abroad as shooting at flyes and small hedge birds to which end his Father put to him Luynes who had many complacentious devices to fit his humour that way for which petty volatill sports he soard at last to the highest pitch of honour that a French subject could flie unto for of a gentleman in decimo sexto he was made Duke Peer and Lord high Constable of all France But he had the advantage to have the managing of his masters affection
of the late wars The French Chroniclers relate that his chiefest arrand was to propound a Match between the Prince of Wales now King of England and the Lady Christina second daughter to Henry the Great but they are much mistaken for the said Ambassador might happily have instructions to look upon and view the said Lady but for any overture of mariage much lesse any proposition there was none the intents of England ayming then more southward and there was matter enough for an Ambassador extraordinary besides at that time The King the two Queens and the whole Court being now settled at Paris the discontented Princes repair'd also thither but Conde being newly recovered of a dangerous sicknes which some took as a judgement upon him lagg'd behind and excus'd his coming till all the Articles of the late Treaty were perform'd whereunto the King may be said to be no lesse then compell'd being among other ties forc'd to revoke part of the solemn Oth he took at his Coronation that therby they of the Religion might rest contented At last Conde came and was entred into a perfect redintegration of grace and favor at Court with the rest of his Confederats So after such turbid times there was an intervall of faire weather but the Ayer was suddenly ore ' cast again with clowds and the chief Meteor whence they sprung was the power and privacy of the Marshall of Ancre at Court The Queen Mother had advice of certain clandestine meetings and secret consultations held to alter the Government and to demolish Ancre hereupon Themines who receiv'd the Truncheon to be Marshall the same day apprehended the Prince of Conde in the Louure and carried him thence to prison the report hereof startled divers others and old Bovillon being then at a Sermon in Charenton durst not come back to look upon the Bastile so he with the Dukes of Mayn Nevers Guyse and divers other retir'd and arm'd under pretence of reforming of abuses in the State and for the public good Poore France how often hath privat interest of some aspiring spirits bin term'd in thee by the specious name of Public good How often have thy discontented Grandees ground the faces of thy innocent peasants How often hast thou turn'd the sword into thine own bowels and swomm in the blood of thine own children How often have thy Towns bin turn'd to Hospitals thy fields to desarts under the gilded pretext of Reformation The arrest of Conde alarm'd all France and a politic rumour was spread in Paris that the Marshall of Ancre had murther'd him in the Louure though he was then at Amiens 100. miles off This made the Beast with many heads run furiously to his House in the suburbs of Saint German which they sack'd and plunder'd most pitifully they unplank'd his roomes grub'd up his trees and committed divers barbarismes besides The King caus'd a Declaration to be publish'd full of vigorous expressions tending to this purpose Lewis by the grace of God King of France and Navarr to all who shall see these present Letters greeting It is with incredible regret which pierceth Our very heart that We must so often employ Our Authority to represse the mischievous desseins of them who seek the raising of their fortunes in the ruines of Our Estates and in the prodigious cruelty of civill wars take an unbridled libertie to doe what law and reason forbids And We are the more sensible hereof because the remedies We must use for the safety of our Person and the welfare of this Kingdom must diffame our own blood and render it culpable of impiety both against Us who are in place of a Father to our subjects as also against their own Countrey which is reverenc'd as a Mother by all people though never so barbarous So he goes on to relate the Treaty at Lodun and the last Pacification which had cost him twenty millions of Liures and what grace he had done to Conde and his Complices Yet the exces of Our grace and favor hath not bin able to represse the disordinat wills of them who find no rest but in trouble and ground their hopes upon Our destruction for before and after the return of Our Cousin the Prince of Conde to Paris there have bin Nocturnall Assemblies held in Saint Martin and other places with consultations to debauch and abuse the people and undermine those who have Martiall Offices under us and to excite them to commotion Curats and Preachers have bin tampered withall to vent scandalous Doctrin and meanes were consulted on to seize upon Our Royall Person and our most honored Mother and to Cantonize France under the specious vayle of reforming the State All which hath bin told us by some of the best of Our subjects who were present at some of their consultations and close meetings And We were also advis'd by forren Ambassadors to have a care of our self c. This was the substance of the Kings Declaration but all would not do to contain the Princes within the bounds of obedience many of them had retir'd to Picardy and seiz'd upon divers places which they fortified apace A little after the Prince of Conde was clap'd up the Duke of Vendosm was seiz'd on but he scap'd by a wile The Chancelor and Secretaries of State with other Officers were chang'd And in this hurly burly the young Bishop of Lucon afterwards Cardinal of Richelieu having bin design'd for Ambassador to Spain was made principall Secretary of State The Marshal of Ancre notwithstanding that he had understood how he was hated in Paris and that his House was so plunder'd in a popular furie yet was he nothing daunted but comes boldly to Court and presently three Armies were rais'd and appointed to represse the Mutiners One under the Duke of Guyse who was charm'd to come in by the Queen Mother The second under Marshall Montigny and the third under the Count of Auvergne who was freed from his 11. yeers close imprisonment in the Bastile for that purpose and had already besieg'd the Duke of Mayne at Soissons and much straitned him While this huge storme was dropping pitifully upon poor France there were secret consultations held by some in the Louure how to hurle Him into the Sea who was the cause of the tempest which was cryed up to be the foresaid Ancre He knew too well how he was malign'd in Court and Countrey and the young Kings affection towards him began now to brandle and all this was by the suggestions of Luynes who was one of the greatest Confidentst the King had having bin his servant from his childhood and was vers'd in his genius more then any Ancre had practis'd to remove him from the Kings Person with some others whom he suspected to do him ill offices Besides this fewd 'twixt the King and Princes there was another petty war then a foot betwixt the Duke of Espernon and the Rochellers the ground whereof was that they would not
in his Palace at Theobalds A little before he broak out into a very passionate Speech to his Lords of the Counsel of the King of France saying My Lords the King of France hath writ unto me that he is so far my friend that if ever I have need of him he will render me Offices in Person whensoever I shall desire him Truly he hath gain'd upon me more then any of his Predecessors and he may beleeve me that in any thing that shall concern him I will employ not only my peoples lifes but mine own and whosoever of his subjects shall rise against him either Catholiks or others shall find me a party for him 'T is true if he be provok'd to infringe his Edicts I shall impart as much as in me lies by counsell and advice to prevent the inconveniences Then falling upon the perfections of Madame Henriette Marie he said pleasantly When she is come over I will denounce war against her because she would not read my Letter nor my sons as I understand before she had first receiv'd command from the Queen her Mother yet I have cause to thank her because that after she had perus'd them she put mine in her cushionet and the other in her bosome intimating thereby that she would rely upon me for counsell and lodg my son in her heart King Iame's death retarded a while the proceedings of the Match for things were at a stand till his Exequies were pass'd which were perform'd with a Magnificence sutable to so great a King This Ceremony being ended a procuration was sent the Duke of Cheureuse from his Majesty of Great Britain to be contracted unto the Lady Henriette and then to marry her in his name which was done with extraordinary celebrity the one in the Louure the last in the great Church of Paris by the ministery of the Cardinall Rochefaucaud a little before there was a clash twixt him and the Bishop of Paris who urg'd it was his right to officiat in his own Church but the Cardinal being a Prince of the Church Universall being also gran Almoner which makes him chief Clark of the Court and Cardinal Richelieu who had now the greatest stroak in the State favoring his own habit and the Hat more then the Mitre the Cardinal carried the day This solemnity was perform'd to the very height of greatnes and splendor and such was the bravery of the English Ambassadors the Earls of Carlile and Holland that they seem'd to outshine the French that day in their own Sphere One half of the dowry had bin delivered before upon the Contract which was in all as was said before eight hundred thousand crowns and it was more then the eldest Sister had by two hundred thousand crowns and double as much as the second had the one having but six hundred thousand the other but foure hundred thousand crowns to their portions The Contract and Mariage being thus finish'd the Duke of Buckingham came a fortnight after with admired gallantry to demand the Queen of Great Britain for the King his Master and to attend and conduct her over to England The Queen Mother accompagnied her as far as Amiens Monsieur her Brother to Bullen whence a Fleet of twenty Galeons Royall transported her to Dover This was the eighth Nuptiall conjunction of the Rose and Flowerdeluce that hath happend 'twixt England and France The first was in the yeer 900. 'twixt Charles the First of France and the Lady Ogine daughter to Edward the old King of England 120. yeers before the Norman conquest The second twixt Henry the Third of England and Margaret daughter to Lewis the Seventh of France The third was between Edward the First of England and the Lady Margaret daughter to Philip the Hardy of France The fourth 'twixt Edward the Second of England and Isabel daughter to Philip the Faire The fifth was 'twixt Richard the Second of England and Elizabeth daughter to Charles the Sixth The sixth 'twixt Henry the Fifth of England and Catherin daughter also to Charles the Sixth of France The seventh was 'twixt Lewis the twelfth of France and Mary daughter to Henry the Seventh of England The eighth was this 'twixt Charles Stuard Prince of Wales and Henriette Marie of Bourbon youngest daughter to Henry the Great so in these eight Matches England hath had six daughters of France and France two of Englands As soon as this great Nuptiall pompe was pass'd there came tydings that Soubize upon a new discontent of them of the Religion had a great Fleet of ships at Sea and surpriz'd the Port of Blauet in Britany which is a faire and large Haven deposited to the Spaniard in time of the Ligue and restored to Henry the Great at the peace at Vervins Soubize enterd the Haven with eleven Sayle of men of War and took and carried away six great ships whereof some belong'd to the Duke of Nevers This rendred them of the Religion powerfull at Sea and because their Ships might have choise of harbors they seiz'd upon the Islands of Re and Oleron where they began to fortifie Soubize sayles up the Garond towards Bourdeaux with a Fleet of seventy sayles of all sort which made him Master of the Sea and landing a considerable number of land forces at the land of Medoc they of Bourdeaux joyning with Toiras sent him a shipboard again with losse and so he return'd to Rochell A little after he sets out to Sea again and takes divers prises extremely interrupting all traffic on those Coasts Hereupon the King sent to the Hollander to hyre twenty Sayle of men of War according to the late Treaty which were accordingly sent him under Admirall Hauthain These joyning with another Fleet of the Duke of Monmorency made a considerable naval power Monmorency was very eagar to set upon Soubize and the Rochell Fleet but he found the Hollanders bacward and cold being charm'd by Letters and a Remonstance annexed unto it sent to Hauthain by two French Ministers and two Dutch Merchants from Rochell wherein they made piteous complaint that the King had performed little or nothing at all of the Treaty before Montpellier and that the utter ruine of the whole body of the Religion which was the same with that of Holland was intended therefore they did efflagitat and conjure the said Admiral Hauthain to lay his hand on his heart and conscience and not to contribute to so damnable a dessein This Remonstrance wrought much upon Hauthain and Dorp his Vice-Admiral in so much that he publiquely declar'd unto the Duke of Monmorency that he had Commission in expresse termes from his Masters the States to reduce Monsieur Soubize to his duty either by reason or force that he understood how he was ready to conforme himself to the first and to that effect he and his Brother the Duke of Rohan with other Towns of their party had Deputies employed to the King to desire Peace which was in a good forwardnes
Conestabili de Lediguieres in Generum datus est Ut Heroum filius Gallici Martis alumnus esset Sub eo Magistromaturè vincere coepit ut diu vinceret Ea aetate militiae Magister qua vix alii sunt Tyrones Nulla est Galliae Provincia ubi non vicerit hostes Regios Nulla occasio in qua non vicerit suos Renovavit gentilitii vexilli praerogativam dum renovavit victoriam Iterum hoc clamore Gallico dignus A Crequy Crequy le gran Baron nul ne s y frotte Tot ultra Alpes victorias retulit ut Galliam Cisalpinam restaurare potuerit Nisi Gallia Italiam sociam babere mallet quà m subditam Subaudiam Subalpinos sic expugnavit hostis ut Verruca una non steterit Si defendit Amicus ut Verruca una non perierit Nec dubium quin servasset Bremam qui Verrucam servaverat Nisi hostis absentem peremisset ne praesentem fugeret Nec tenacior fuit Regiae fidei quam Divinae Utramque obsignavit suo sanguine ut testatam faceret dum facit purpuream Inflictam ab Haeresi plagam medio in vultu ostentabat ut gemmam Nec insignior Gallicae fidei clientaris Legatus ire Romam potuit Quà m qui insignia Fidei in oculis gerebat Tacente lingua loqui haec plaga potuit Qualis esset fides Gallica Cujus Rex Apostolus Marescalli Martyres essent Nec siluit lingua Crequii cujus urbanitas Urbano sic placuit Ut in eo amaverit Palladem et agnoverit Martem Romanum patrocinium sic optavit Galliae ut Gallicum obtulerit Romae Nec silebit unquam haec lingua cui Fama pro voce erit Continuabit laudes lituo quas Mors intonare coepit tubo bellico Erravit Mors in Crequio laudavit dum peremit Inchoavit Elogium quod Fama absolvet et AEternitas canet Nec unquam exarescet Arbor Crequia cujus tot rami in poster is virent Videbit finem Galliae quae initium vidit Immortalis futura si tales semper nascantur surculi Abi viator ut mortem fallas Incipe immortalis esse dum moreris Generall Crequy being thus crack'd by a Cannon the Spaniard took Breme besieges Verselli which notwithstanding it was once succour'd by the French was rendred him upon the same termes that Don Pedro de Toledo had given the very same moneth when she was taken in the yeer 1625. France had better fortune this yeer by repelling the invading forces of Spain then by entring her confines another way for revenge We made mention a little before how bravely Leucato was preserv'd and to cry quittance with the Spaniard the Prince of Condé had a vast high Commission to be the Kings Lieutenant General in the Provinces of Guyen Languedoc Navar Bern and Foix with plenary power to command all the Gentry and make whom he would to mount a horseback for the war as also the Cominalty to forme the body of an Army to invade the territories of Spain so he pitch'd upon Fontarabia he took Iroon and Ouyarson Berha with other small places of advenues in the way and so he sate before the Town where the Pioner put presently spade in earth for a circumvallation The Archbishop of Bourdeaux came with a mighty Fleet by Sea to second this enterprise and the siege having lasted above threescore dayes he offer'd with his rondaches and by an assault Seaward to carry the Town Hereupon a Counsell of War was call'd where the Duke de la Valette who was Lieutenant Generall to the Prince of Condé spoak very gallantly that he and the Marshall de la Force had bin the chiefest Actors in that achievment thitherto that he had made a breach in the walls after the springing of two mines and done other things towards the straightning of the place and it was not consonant to reason or agreeable to the law of War and honor that another now that the work was almost brought to perfection should have the glory of their dangers sufferings and labours This clash 'twixt the Archbishop and the Duke de la Valette to whom Condé adhaer'd prov'd to be the ruine of this great Expedition for while they were debating the businesse after the breach was made for a generall assault the Spaniards came tumbling down the Hills and appeard to be more numerous far then they really were so after a great slaughter on both sides but more of the French whereof divers were thrust into the Sea the siege was rais'd and one may say The Town was lost for not offring to take it if they had presently poursued the breach Amongst divers errors which were committed in this action besides the weaknesse of their entrenchments two were the quitting of Passage without which the enemies would not have bin able to draw provision for their subsistence from Saint Sebastian then the not erecting of a work upon the mountain of Gadaloupe which was neer the Town and whence the Spaniard descended first The French Army retyring to the frontiers staid some dayes at Iroon expecting the enemy should poursue them which he did not whereby they inferr'd that he was not so strong as they took him to be and so he was willing to make them a bridge of sylver thus this Invasion came to nothing which made the Spaniard geer them afterwards saying They had in this attempt discover'd the true nature of the French viz. to enter like thunder and vanish like smoak De la Valette being come to Bourdeaux to the old Duke his Father after he had receiv'd relation how matters had gone and what traverses there pass'd 'twixt him and Condé and the Archbishop advis'd him to get away as soon as he could to England which he did and 't was time for him for afterwards his Proces was fram'd in Paris and he was executed in Effigie so by this act of Justice the publique dishonour which seem'd to reflect upon France in generall was restrain'd to his person Nor is it a new thing to sacrifice Commanders to such uses Besides the Duke of Espernon being now an hundred yeers of age and odd moneths and having continued above forty yeers Governour of Gascony was outed of his Office and commanded to retire to Plassac where he died some moneths after but before his death he had these severall disasters befell him within the revolution of one yeer his eldest son the Duke of Candale fell in Italy the Cardinall his brother died in Savoy his third son was in banishment in England and he himself dismiss'd of all command and depriv'd of this life The judgements of men were very discrepant touching the carriage of the busines of Fontarabia the major part imputed the fault to the Prince of Condé and the Archbishop who was a creature of the Cardinals For the first he was content his son the Duke of Anguien should marry the Cardinals Neece a little after which was done as some gave out of purpose for preventing
Power of vertue in the Proem The Pope refuseth to excommunicat the new King of Portugall 133 Perpignan taken by the French 134 Pope Julius the second 's answer to justifie Churchmens taking up armes in the Proem Profane hyperbole's written of the Cardinal in the Proem Prophetic complement 'twixt Barberino the Pope's Nuncio and the Quene Mother 8 Presents given to the D. of Mayn in Spain being Ambassador 14 Predictions of Henry the Great 's death 4 Predictions of the Duke of Savoyes death 94 Princes daughters subject to a hard fate oft-times 32 The presence of Kings advantagious 20 Popes Generalls 8 Propositions in the Generall Assembly 41 Q Queen Mother of France dieth at Colen 133 A new Queen Regent of France 135 Queen of England receives English prisoners as presents from France 84 R Ravaillaks odd humors 4 Examined 7 His confession death and admired patience 8 Reasons why France broak with Spain in the Proem Reason of the Queen Mothers discontentment ibid. Reason of slownes of speech in Lewes the thirteenth 2 Of the Reformists of France 6 Richer the Syndic of Sorbon opposeth the Popes power 12 The Reformists get advantagious conditions at the Treaty of Lodun 33 A Repartie 'twixt the Spanish and French Ambassadors at Rome upon the Dauphins birth 1 The Reformists outrag'd and some kill'd coming from Charenton 57 The Reformists generally rise up 59 The Reformists generally submit 91 The Rochelers high comportmēt 52 Rochell pitifully complains to the King 69 Rochell besieged by the King in Person 85 Rochell submits her extremities 86 The Duke of Rohan hath privat intelligence with Spain his Agent taken and executed 69 He himself executed in Effigie in Tholouze 86 He was pensioner to the King of Spain and treats with him upon articles 87 His notable speeche to them of the Religion for peace 89 He is wounded before Rhinfeld whereof he dies and is buried at Geneva 118 Certain Rodomontados of the Spaniards 115 Stupendous Rain in Languedoc 105 S Santarellus Book burnt in Paris for hoising the Pope above the King 74 Count of Soissons kill'd neer Sedan 133 Difference 'twixt him and the Cardinal ibid. M. Soubize summond at Saint John d'Angely taken prisoner and releas'd 53 Puts himself in armes again and flies from Royan 59 He takes Blaret Ré and Oleron and hath 70. Sayles of Ships 67 Is beaten at Medoc 67 Flies to England and incites that King to war against France 68 Soubize pensioner to the King of Spain 88 The Spaniards bold speech to the Pope about the Valtoline 70 The Duke of Suillie's blunt answer to Hen. the Fourth about Religion 57 Stuard and Hurtevant executed 38 T Title of the Prince of Wales more ancient then Dauphin 2 The Treaty of Saint Menehou 19 Treaty of Querasque 97 Treaty of Lodun dishonorable to the King 33 Treaty of Monson 71 Trade interdicted 'twixt England and France 76 Tillemont and Diest taken by the French and Hollanders 111 A Trophey erected upon the Alps in honour of King Lewis 87 Pr Tomaso defeated at Avein by Chastillon 111 Prince Tomaso relieves Saint Omer 123 M. de Thermes with divers persons of quality kill'd before Clayrac 56 Trent Counsel refus'd to be publish'd in France and the reasons why 24 V The D. of Vendom apprehended in the Louure got away by a wile 18 His Letters refus'd to be answer'd by the Queen Regent 19 He refuseth to deliver up Blavet 20 Leavies men for the King and then turns them against him 29 D. de la Valette's brave speech before Fontarabia he flies to England is executed in Effigie in Paris 122 W Wars of Iuillers 10 War against the Reformists 51 War in the Valtolin 70 The last War against the Reformists 88 Wallesteins death much lamented by Richelieu A Armand Cardinal of Richelieu his breeding 155 His genealogy 166 His degree of rising 167 He crosseth the Alps in quality of Generalissimo 168 Divers attempts to kill him 169 His death 169 His testament 160 His titles ibid. His Character ibid. Censures upon him 166 Epitaphs good and bad upon him 178 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Junii 3. 1646. Imprimatur NA BRENT fourth Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1611. Anno 1611. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1617. Anno 1617. Anno 1617. Anno 1618. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1622. Anno 1623. Anno 1624. Anno 1624. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1628. Anno 1628. Anno 1628. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1630. Anno 1630. Anno 1630. Anno 1631. Anno 1631. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1631. Anno 1631. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1633. Anno 1633. Anno 1634. Anno 1634. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1636. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1638. Anno 1639. Anno 1639. Anno 1640. Anno 1640. Anno 1641. Anno 1640. Anno 1641. Anno 1642. Anno 1642. Anno 1643. Rochel
Catholic the rabble of the town sack'd his house burnt his books grub'd up his vineyards and plunder'd all he had The King being offended hereat remov'd the Presidial Court and Seneshalship thence to Beaucaire One Morgard an Astrologer publish'd some Praedictions of his in Print grounded upon the crosse conjunction of some malignant planets wherein he positively foretold very great commotions that were ready to arise in France and the fall of some great men But by Decree of Parliament he was condemn'd to the gallies where in lieu of handling his Astrolab he was put to tug at an oare This the poor Star-gazer could not foresee though his other praedictions prov'd all true Now touching Sydereal observations and praedictions of Astrology though they be at best but conjecturall yet are they not altogether to be contemn'd albeit that scarce one in a hundred hit there is a multitude of no mean examples that may be produc'd one was pointed at in the Proem of this peece And divers know how the yeers of the late Erl of Pembrook were precisely limited by a Genethliacall calcule We read that Otho the Emperour commanded all Astrologers to quit his dominions by such a day The Astrologers sent him word that since he had assign'd them a day to go out of the Empire they would assign him another to go out of the world for by such a day he should be no more among mortals which prov'd true This was contrary to a passage of Edward the Confessor King of England who when an Astrologer came and told him that he had taken great pains to pry into the horoscope of his nativitie and found that his Majesty should dy in such a moneth The King answer'd I can go neerer to work then so for I can foretell thee the very hour of thy death which will be to morrow at two a clock in the afternoon precisely so that thou canst not avoyd it So he commanded him to be tryed and executed accordingly But although it be presumption in man to determin any thing peremptorily out of their observance of the motions of Celestiall bodies yet it must be granted that the said bodies by their perpetuall influxes having dominion over every thing that is natural in man as the body the masse of bloud the organs and sensual appetit they may dispose his humors and inclinations to peace or war to obedience or insurrection to love or hatred accordingly For if Comets as we find by wofull experience which are of a far baser and more grosse extraction being meer meteorologicall stuff are thought to have a virtual power to make impressions upon the air and to leave infectious qualities behind them in the regions thereof which use to work upon human bodies in contagions and upon their humors to suscitat the minds of men to tumults and war much more may the Stars claym such a power Nevertheles although Astra regunt homines although it be allow'd that the Stars praedominat over every thing that is corporeal in man it follows not that this dominion extends to his intellectuals and to those actions which depend upon the absolut Empire of the will and other faculties of the soul which are purely spiritual but though this should be partly granted yet if we consider the union that is twixt the soul and the senses being inmates of one house which is such that she cannot produce any act if they do not contribut and present the object which is the intelligible species it may well be inferr'd that the faculties of the soul operat by the ministery of the senses and sensual appetit and the sensual appetit by influxes from heavenly bodies which may be said to have power to incite though not to force the will and affections of men to commotions and war and according to their various conjunctions and oppositions their anglings and culminations to cause good or bad effects which may prove inauspicious or successefull as some Astrologers observ'd when his Majesty of great Britain then Prince of Wales went to Spain to fetch a wife there was then a conjunction twixt Iupiter and Saturn which is always held malevolent so that journey had no successe but whither am I thus transported by this speculation from my intended road But without consulting the stars it was easie for any one of a mean foresight to be a prophet of some sudden commotions to arise considering how matters then stood in France for the Marshal of Ancre an Italian had then the vogue having engrossed to himself by the favor of the Queen Regent the managing and transaction of all the greatest affairs of State A man not so despicable as the French Annalists make him for his grandfather was Secretarie of State to Cosmo de Medici and by birth breeding and courage was a gentleman besides his wife had suck'd of the same milke as the Queen Regent did for her mother had bin her Nurse But it seems D'Ancre had scrued up the strings of authoritie too high and so they came not only to jar but to crack at last There were printed this yeer two Latine Books which kept a great clatter all Christendome over one was writ by Schoppius calld Ecclesiasticus The other by Becanus calld Controversia Angliae de potestate Regis et Papae They both trenchd highly upon Regall power The first had base touches of scandall upon Henry the Great and his late Majesty of England In so much that by a solemn sentence of Parliament it was burnt in Paris so France was revengd on the Book and England had some revenge on the body of the Author For he being in Madrid and Sir Iohn Digby now Earl of Bristol being Ambassadour there Master George Digby his kinsman a generous hardy young Gentleman encountting the said Schoppius he gave him a faire large cut athwart the face and so stigmatiz'd him to the view of the world which visible mark he wore to his grave Touching the other Book of Becanus The Syndic of Sorbon petitiond the Queen Regent that it might receive the same doome and that the Sacred Faculty of Theology might be permitted to put forth some public instrument to condemn the Doctrin thereof The Queen advis'd them not to determin any thing thereon as yet nor to make such noise or take so much notice thereof But they press'd further alledging it wold be a shrew brand to the Sacred Faculty to pass over so slightly such a scandalous Book that derogated so much from the authority of Kings and particularly of the most Christian with silence For posteritie will interpret this silence to be a consent to the tenets thereof But they were still put off and in the interim there came news from Rome that a Decree was published by the Pope wherein the said Book was condemn'd and adjudg'd to contain many false rash scandalous and seditious things respectively and therefore to be no more printed or publishd but to be put in the second Classes
brotherly affection that We cannot return you the like onely we can promise and assure you upon the faith of an honest man that you shall have alwayes power not onely to dispose of Our forces and kingdoms but of Our heart and person and also of the person of Our son if you have need which God prevent praying you to rest assured that We shall not onely be far from cherishing or giving the least countenance to any of your subjects of what profession soever of Religion who shall forget their naturall allegiance unto you but if We have the least inkling thereof We shall send you very faithfull advertisement And you may promise your self that upon such occasion or upon any other which may tend to the honor of your Crown you shall alwayes have power to dispose freely of Our assistance as if the cause were Our own so upon assurance that Our interests shall be alwayes common We pray God most high most excellent and most puissant Prince Our most deer and most beloved Brother Cousen and Ally to have you alwayes in his most holy protection Newmarket 9. of February 1624. Your most affectionat Brother Cousen and ancient Ally Iames K. The Critiques of the time did much censure this Letter in regard King Iames seems to dis-invest himself utterly of all Title to France thereby because he confesseth Henry the Fourth to have not onely reconquer'd it but to have a naturall right unto it in the said Letter The former Treaty for the Infanta of Spaine did facilitat also the hastning of this businesse and made it lesse knotty in regard that the matrimonial capitulations which in effect were the very same with those of the Infanta's had bin beaten and moulded a long time before upon the Spanish Anvill and so made smooth and passable They were in substance these that follow 1. That the French King should make it his busines to procure a dispensation from Rome within three moneths 2. That for the celebration of the act of affiancing the King of Great Britain should depute whom he pleas'd and that it be done according to the Roman rites 3. That the mariage be solemniz'd in the same forme as that of Queen Margaret and the Duchesse of Bar was 4. That she be attended to the Sea side upon the charge of France 5. That the contract of mariage be publiquely ratified in England without intervention of any Ecclesiastic ceremony 6. That free exercise of Religion be granted unto Madam her self and all her train and to the children that her servants shall have And to that end they shall have a Chappel in every one of the Kings Royall Houses or any where els where she shall keep her Court 7. That preaching and the administration of the Sacraments of the Masse with all other Divine Offices be permitted Her as also the gaining of all Indulgences and Jubils from Rome and that a Church-yard be appointed wall'd about to bury Catholiks according to the Rites of the Roman Church all which shall be done modestly 8. That she shall have a Bishop for her Almoner who may have power to proceed against any Ecclesiastic under his charge according to the Canonicall constitutions And in case the Secular Court shall seize upon any Churchmen under his jurisdiction for any crime which concern'd not the State he shall be sent back to the said Bishop who taking cognisance of the delict shall degrade him and so return him to the Secular power and other faults all Church-men under him shall be sent to him to be proceeded against accordingly or in his absence to his Vicar generall 9. She shall have 28. Priests of her House and if any be a Regular he shall be allow'd to weare his habit 10 The King of Great Britain and his son shall oblige themselfs by Oath not to attempt any thing upon the conscience of Madam to induce her to renounce her Religion 11. All her domestiques shall be Catholiques and French which she shall bring with her and in their roomes when they die she shal be allow'd to choose other French Catholiques but with the consent of the King of Great Britain 12. Her dowry shall be eight hundred thousand crowns whereof the one moity shall be pai'd the yeeve after Contract the other a yeer after and in case she survive her Husband the said dowry shall be entirely return'd her whether she desire to live in England or France 13. But if there remain any children of this mariage then she is to have back but two thirds of the said dowry 14. And in case Madam die before the Prince without children the moity of the said dowry shall be only return'd and in case she leave children all shall go amongst them 15. Madam shall be endow'd with a joynture of eighteen thousand pound sterling per an which comes to sixty thousand crowns and his Majestie of Great Britain shall give her besides the value of fifty thousand crowns in Jewels whereof she shall have the property as of those she hath already and of what shall be given her hereafter He shall be also oblig'd to maintain her and her House and in case she come to be a widow she shall enioy her dower and jointure which shall be assignd her in Lands Castles and Houses whereof one shall be furnish'd and fit for habitation and that the said joynture be pay'd her wheresoever she shall desire to reside she shall have also the free disposing of the Benefices and Offices belonging to the said Lands whereof one shall have the title of Duchy or County 16. That she shall be permitted whether she have children or not to return to France and bring with her her movables rings and jewels as also her dowry and the King shall be bound to have her conducted to Calice upon his charge 17. The contract of the mariage shall be registred in the Court of Parliament of Paris and ratified in that of England 18. All her servants shall take this following Oath I sweare and promise fidelitie to the most gracious King of Great Britain to the most gracious Prince Charles and to Madame Henriette Marie daughter of France which I shall most faithfully and inviolably keep And if I know of any attempt against the said King Prince and Lady or their estates or against the public good of the Kingdoms of the said King I shall forthwith denounce the same to the said King Prince and Lady or others who shall have it in charge This was the substance of all the Matrimoniall capitulations which were digested to 28. Articles with a penalty of four hundred thousand crowns upon either of the two Kings which should infringe any of them Besides these there were some privat Articles accorded in favour of the Roman Catholiks in England and Ireland but far from the latitude of a public Toleration Upon the ending of this great Treaty with France Iames the First of England and Sixth of Scotland ended his life
was a business of the greatest consequence that possibly could import him for a wife is the best or worst fortune that can befall a man in the whole cours of his life There were some that whisper'd him in the eare to disswade him from the said Match 'mongst others the Marshall of Ornano his Governor who told him That if he maried in France all his Means Credit and Fortune would be bounded there whereas if he maried some forren Princesse he might have some support and a place to retire unto abroad upon hard usage at home which would make him better esteem'd This being brought to the Kings eare Ornano with divers other were taken out of their beds in the dead of night and clap'd in the Bastile hereupon Monsieur went to the Chancelor d' Haligre and reproach'd him to have counsell'd the King to have his Governor pluck'd away from him so the Chancelor excus'd himself and denied that he had given such counsell The King having notice of this poor answer of his Chancelor sent the next day for the Seales willing him to retire to his Countrey house The Duke of Vendosm and his brother the gran Prior were thought also to do ill Offices in this busines which made them fall into some dislike and so they were committed prisoners to the Castle of Ambois amongst other things wherewith Vendosm was charg'd one was that he should say he would never see the King againe but in picture so he was put out of the government of Britany which was conferr'd upon Marshall Themines Cardinall Richelieu having drawn a great deal of hatred upon himself about this match he had a guard allow'd him which was afterwards recented according as the measure of envie and danger accrued The King being at Nants in Britany to settle that Government told his brother that he much desired he were married to Madamoiselle Monpensier for the good of his state assuring him that he should find his own advantages in it Monsieur answer'd That if his Majesty judg'd that it would be for the good of his state he entirely conform'd himself to his pleasure thereupon he sent a long complement to Madamoiselle Monpensier concluding that he would prove a better Husband to her then he was a servant So the Articles of Mariage were drawn and Monsieur was to have for his appannage the Duchy of Orleans with other places to the sum of one hundred thousand franks annuall rent all charges defrayed so much more in pension and by speciall warrant five hundred and sixty thousand franks yeerly upon the receipts of Orleans which comes in all to about seventy thousand pounds sterlin per annum so the Cardinall of Richelieu betroth'd and married them the next day at Nants with as much solemnity as the place could afford At this time there were whispers up and down France of divers plots that were to be put in execution some gave out the King intended to repudiat the Queen Others that there was a design to clap up the King in a monasterie and that Monsieur should raign of this plot there was a whisper the mother was because she alwaies seem'd to love the younger better then the elder But I beleeve this was a groundlesse surmise There were divers in prison that would have perswaded Monsieur to a forrein match and endeavour'd to crosse this Amongst others the Count of Chalais was one who was beheaded at Nants and there being no headsman in the town a prisoner that was in for a capitall crime undertooke the office provided he might have his pardon but he manag'd the instrument so ill that he gave the Count thirtie foure stroakes before he could separat the head from the body Sanctarellus the Jesuit obtruded to the world dangerous tenets about this time viz. That the Pope hath power to depose the Emperour to admonish and punish with temporall pains other Princes and absolve their subjects from their Oath of fidelitie in case of heresie The book was burnt in Paris Father Cotton Provinciall of the French Jesuits brought a public instrument from the chief of the Colledge of Clermont wherein their Society did disadvow and detest the said opinion of Sanctarellus which instrument was commanded to be put upon Record It was an ancient custom in France before the erection of Sedentary Parliaments whereof there are eight to assemble once or twice every yeer the States General which Assembly was first call'd Parlement wherein they treated of the highest Affairs of State of making levies of money for the Kings extraordinary occasions for punishing corrupt Magistrats and questioning any Officers whatsoever upon the relations which were made by the Deputies or Members of the said Assembly which were call'd in old times Missi Dominici viz. Those who were sent by the Lord or King This as I said before in the second Lustre is equivalent to the High Court of Parlement in England though in number it be inferior to it in regard that this Generall Assembly of France consists but of foure hundred and odd members that in England of neer upon seven hundred Since the settling of the said Sedentary Parlements this Great Parlement hath bin seldom convok'd in France unlesse during the minority of the King for which the Countrey hath suffer'd much in regard this universall convention was us'd to keep good correspondence 'twixt the Prince and his people and the pecuniary levies which pass'd by their Suffrages were given with more cheerfulnesse and besides there was no need of so many Collectors and Receivors as are employed in the Kings ordinary Revenu which are so numerous that the fourth part is drunk up among Officers in fees and wages so that there hardly comes into the Kings Coffers cleer a Quardecu in every Crowne This Assembly of the three Estates in France grew to be very rare and in a manner obsolete since the Kings had power given them to impose public assessments the ground whereof was this When the English had taken such firme footing in France that they had advanc'd as far as the Loire and besieg'd Orleans the Assembly of the three States in these pressures being not able to meet after the ordinary maner by reason of the interposition of the enemy up and down that power which was formerly inhaerent in the three States of making Laws and assessing the subject with subsidiary taxes was transmitted to the King himself during the war which continuing long that intrusted power grew in tract of time so habitual that it could never be re-assum'd or the Kings disvested of it And that which made the busines more feasable for the Kings was that the burden fell most upon the Comminalty the Nobility and Clergy not feeling the weight neer so much And it happen'd in so favourable conjuncture of time that the Clergy and Nobles were contented to have the Peasans pull'd down a little because not many yeers before in that notable rebellion call'd la Iaquerie de Beauvoisin
would acknowledge him the greatest man of Europe were he not born for the ruine of our party and the abolition of the Reformed Religion This young generous warlike King though too much zealoused to Popery following in every thing the counsels of this Priest as Oracles can we doubt but our defence though lawfull as being for Religion and liberty of conscience be not an occasion to him to advance our destruction under pretext of rebellion and felony After all that Gentlemen you must consider that the taking of Rochell hath extinguish'd all Factions throughout the Kingdom which commonly serv'd to the encrease of our party In so much that of three hundred places good and bad which we had formerly in our hands we have not 30. remaining without rents without soldiers or means to put into them all together as many men as would serve to preserve one alone For although our Parsons cry out daily in their Chaires that we ought not to despaire of heavenly succour yet receiving every day proofs of the wrath of the Eternal there is more appearance to expect punishment for our sins then miracles for the re-establishment of our affaires Peradventure you will promise your selfs some great assistance from strangers and specially from Protestants whom the conformity of Religion which ties them to our interests may oblige to assist us in so urgent necessity But I pray consider that the Germans have enough to defend themselfs from the oppression of the Emperour consider the elusions of the Hollander the impuissance of the Savoyard who hath bled at the nose the lightnes of the English who have concluded a peace with France without comprehending us who were the sole object of the war And if you stay for the offers of Spain which loves not our Nation and our Religion lesse know that he studies how to engage us so far against the King that we may become incapable of his grace and that the succours wherewith he will supply us which is but a little money will not serve but to prolong our ruine by enfeebling France by our Civill Wars and intestine broyles For my self I am now as much solicited as ever to abandon you and to take advantagious conditions of his Majesty but I shall never hearken to any thing but wherein you may find your satisfaction in a generall Treaty for the whole Cause as also particularly for your Towns If your wisdoms find it to purpose that it be more expedient to seek our conservation with the exercise of our Religion and liberty of our consciences within the obedience which we owe to our lawfull Prince then in resistance which though just of it self is held by the Enemies of our Faith no other then a Rebellion and high Treason whereby under a more specious pretext to exterminat and destroy us Or if contrary to all appearance of human reason you take a resolution to stiffen your selfs against so victorious and invincible a power I resolve also to incur all hazards with you though I am sory that neither the advancement of the Faith can be found in my resolution nor your security in my danger nor your safety in my losse This studied speech with the sense of the late ill successe and of the Kings power wrought so far upon the Assembly that it extorted a willingnes to submit unto a Treaty which was propounded accordingly so a little after there was a generall peace concluded with the Reformists and the King being in Languedoc where the Plague after this scourge of War was very rife he went therefore himself to Paris and left the Cardinal behind to consummat all things who amongst other places entred Montauban where Espernon met him and reentred into a perfect friendship with him Montauban following the example of all the rest of the Towns dismantled herself of all new fortifications and restor'd the Church lands c. The Cardinall being return'd to Paris the Peace with his Majesty of Great Britain was solemnly renew'd and sworn unto but they of the Religion took it ill that there was no mention at all made of them in the Treaty they having bin declar'd to be the object of Englands last war with France All the Princes were commanded to be at this Ceremony and because a difference did arise for precedency 'twixt forrein Princes of souverain Houses and the naturall sons of Kings a provisional Order was made by the Privy Counsel That every one should take place according to his seniority of age Thus our fourth Lustre of the life of Lewis the thirteenth ends with an Olive branch of a double Peace one with a forren Prince the King of Great Britain which was solemnly sworn unto by both Kings Sir Thomas Edmunds being Ambassadour for the one and the Marquis of New-Castle de Chasteau neuf for the other The second Peace was concluded with his own subjects the whole Body of the Religion whom he had now reduc'd to an exact rule of obedience having seiz'd upon dismantled and secur'd all their praesidiary Towns which were neer upon fifty whereof Montauban was the last that left her Mantle So that they must hereafter depend no more upon Garrisons but Royall Grace A mighty work then which nothing could conduce more to make him so absolut a Monark Thus ends the fourth Lustre The fifth Lustre of the Life of Lewis the thirteenth THe King having with such a strong hand put a period to the Civill Wars in his own Kingdoms by debelling his subjects of the Religion and utterly disabling them from banding against him for the future in dismantling all the tenable Towns they had for their security and disguarding other places they held to the number of three hundred of all Military strength whereby he brought them to depend totally upon his favor for their liberty and the performance of the Edicts granted in their behalfe he now thinks upon another march ore the Alps for the support of the Duke of Mantova once his vassall and still partly so being a Frenchman by birth though not by extraction And this he might now do with lesse fear then formerly having quieted and secur'd all things in France according to the saying Frustrà foris agit bellum qui domi timet incendium He vainly combats abroad who fears combustions at home The Duke of Nevers being now settled in Mantova the French grew powerfull in Italy which the Spaniard could not well disgest Thereupon a Ligue was struck 'twixt the Emperour and him whereinto the Duke of Savoy entred afterward The Emperor questions the Duke of Nevers about Mantova though not for the Title yet for the investiture which he was to receive from him Hereupon he sends an Army to Italy under the command of Colalto a great Captain and Marquis Spinola a greater was Generall for the King of Spain nor was the little Duke Emanuel of Savoy inferior to either who after Henry the Great 's death assum'd to himself the title of the
Duke of Savoy touching the Treaty of Monson though the Duke was not there in Person yet his businesse was dispatch'd with as much advantage to him as if he had bin there present by the French Ambassadors nor had he as much cause of grievance as he had of many high obligations of gratitude to have his Countrey and Towns restor'd unto him which had bin so often overrun by the French armes Concerning his colleguing with Protestants Spain may be upbraided as well for Charles the Fifth employed Lutherans whom he call'd his black bands against France and Rome her self and that by the advice of his Theologues This present King Philip had privat intelligence with the Duke of Rohan who pay'd him and his brother a yeerly Pension to keep France in action by Civill Wars and had entred into a Treaty with him accordingly consisting of divers capitulations Moreover the Catholic Kings have had and have to this day friendship and confederacie with divers Pagan Princes and amongst others with the King of Calecut who adores the Devil for a little Pepper or such like Commodities Nor are there wanting examples how in the time of the Moores the King of Aragon made use of Moriscos against another Christian King Another makes an odd Apologie for this King why he confederated with Protestants and employ'd them so much in his wars which is that he made use of them against the greatnes of the House of Austria only whom they suspect and perfectly hate And touching his subjects of the Religion in France it was never out of any affection unto them or out of any conceit of fidelity he had of them that from time to time he gave them Honor and offices in his Armies but out of a politic end to diminish and destroy them by degrees for a greater number of them then of Papists perish'd in his wars For breaking with his Brother in law the King of Spain and the House of Austria he did it meerly out of political interests and pure reason of State which is now grown to the highest point of subtilty and swayes the world more then ever It is well known that France as all Europe besides hath bin for many yeers emulous of Spaine and suspectfull of her greatnes for she hath bin still growing and gathering more strength any time these hundred yeers In so much that considering her huge large limbs she was become a Giant in comparison of all her neighbours France was fearfull of this unproportionable hugenes of hers more then any and therefore being somewhat distrustfull of his own strength to cope with her single he enters into confederation with others as the Hollander and Swed So that this war of France with Spain is meerly preventive Nor is preventive war a new thing but we have warrant for it from Antiquitie I am sure it is as old as that of Peleponnesus the ground whereof was to keep the power of Athens within its wonted channel which went daily swelling ore the old banks this gave the first alarum to the Lacedemonian to stand upon his Guard and to put himself in Armes whence afterwards issued that long liv'd war which History renders so famous to posterity Alphonso K. of Castile made war against the Moors and the rest of the Spanish Kings for there were divers then in Spain finding him encrease in power collegu'd against him and the reason the Historian gives is Nunquam satis fida principum potentia finitimis est occasionem proferendi Imperii avidè arripiente natura mortalium The Decree of the College of Sorbon is That the exorbitant greatnes of a neighbouring Prince may be a just ground for a war 'T is well known how watchfull those three Geryons of their times Charles the Fifth Henry the Eight of England and Francis the First of France were to keep their power in aequilibrio they had alwayes an eye upon the Scale to see which way it panch'd and out-pois'd And it hath bin us'd to be the old policy power of England though now crosse winds have long blown upon her to question any of her neighbours touching their encrease of strength in shipping There be examples without number how it hath bin alwaies the practise of the sagest Princes as being a rule that 's warrantable in the schoole of prudence and honor to prevent that their adjoyning neighbours oregrow them not by accesse of new power either by weakning their Allies by Monopolizing of Trade encrease of Territory by mastering of passages or by too neer approaches The last makes me think that it is high time for the Hollander to look about him considering the late acquests of the French in the Netherlands and to be warnd by the old Proverb Aye le François pour ton Amy non pas pour ton voisin Have the French for thy friend not for thy neighbour The Austrian Eagle had display'd his wings wider then formerly by addition of the Palatinat Triers and other places in Germany France took Armes to make him mew these new feathers and she had those three things which one said were requisit to make her eternall favourable unto her viz. Rome the Sea and Counsel Pope Vrban the Eight had his breeding there twenty yeers together and so was a friend to her she had a competent number of Ships and for Counsell she had Richelieu for her Pilot He was not like your Countrey Wasters that Demosthenes writes of who were us'd to grow skilful in defending those parts of the body where they had bin hurt but he could foresee and fence away the blow before it was given And for others he carried matters so that some of them found their hands sezi'd upon when they were ready to strike This caus'd him to make his King the first aggressor of the war against Spain wherein he had wonderfull successe and done such feats as hath appear'd already in the body of the story that as they have struck an amazement in the present age so they vvill breed an incredulity in the future Touching the last complaint against him that he peel'd and poll'd the Peasan 't is true he did so but he who is vers'd in the humour of that people vvhat boyling brains and perpetuall inclinations they have to noveltie and to break out into motion if they be pamper'd with peace and riches will conclude that there is a necessitie to keep them short in point of wealth vvhose ordinary effects are pride and insurrections Yet I beleeve there may be other more laudable vvayes of policy us'd for prevention of this then poverty It being a true maxime in the Academy of Honor that it is more glorious for a Prince to be King of an opulent free people then of a slavish and beggerly And the greatest reproach that Forreners cast upon the French Government is that the vvealth of the Countrey should be so unequally dispenc'd the King Clergy Nobles and Officers svvallovving up all vvhile the common people have scarce
distribatum paupertatem populo imperatam Dissipatos Principes Nobilitatem suppliciis exhaustam Senatum authoritate spoliatum exter as gentes bello incendiis vastatos Pacem terrâ marique profligatam Cùm fatiscente corpore animum gravioribus consiliis aegrè vegetaret Et nullius non interesset ipsum aut vivere aut mori Iamque bona sui parte mortuus aliorum tantum morte viveret Derepente spirare desiit et timeri O fluxa Mortalitatis Quà m tenue momentum est inter Omnia et nihil Mortui corpus rheda extulit Sccuti Equites peditesque magno numero Faces praetulerunt Ephebi crucem nemo quia currus publicam ferebat Denique hunc tumulum implet non totum Quem tota Europa non implebat Inter Theologos situs ingens disputandi argumentum Quo migravit sacramemtum est Haec te Lector volui heic te metire Et abi Stay Passenger where hastne'st thou Here may'st Thou read what thou shalt see nor hear any where els Armand Iohn du Plessis Cardinal of Richelieu Noble by descent great in wit most eminent in fortune And what thou may'st admire A Priest in the field a Divine at Court A Bishop without Cure a Cardinal without Title a King without name Yet One who was all these He had Nature in all her numbers Fortune in his Counsels The Royall treasure in possession Security in war Victory under his banner He kept his Confoederats in compasse his Countrey men in servitude His Friends at a distance his Enemies in prison In this only wretched that he made all men so Being as well the torment as the ornament of his times He subdued France he scar'd Italy he shook the Empire He afflicted Spain he crown'd Bragantia he took Lorain He accepted of Catalonia he fomented Swethland he maim'd Flanders He troubled England he cousen'd all Europe A purpled Poet Whose stage was the world glory his curtain the Exchequer his tyring-house His subject for the most part tragicall to which he put an il Catastrophe Having turn'd the Kingdom to Legacies bequeath'd poverty to the people Dissipated the Princes exhausted the Nobility with punishments Bereft the Parlement of power destroy'd other Nations with fire and sword driven away Peace by Sea and Land His body now fainting his mind not recreable for restles thoughts when it concern'd every one that he should live or die Being already mortified a good part and living only in others death He suddenly ceas'd to breath and to be fear'd O the frayl things of mortality What a small moment is there 'twixt something and nothing The corps was caried in a Chariot horse and foot follow'd in great numbers Pages caried Torches none the Crosse for the Chariot carried the public Crosse In fine he hardly fill'd up his grave Whom all Europe could not fill He lies among the Sorbonists Of dispute a mighty argument And where he is gone 't is a Sacrament Reader this is all I would have with thee Hereby measure thy self and be gone Thus was this great man the subject of every mans censure a thing incident and inevitable to all Favorits and Minions of Princes who like wooden popagayes fastned upon high poles are marks for every one to shoot at they are expos'd to unsavory as well as to sweet breaths to rough blasts as to gentle brizes But our Cardinal had taken such deep rooting in his Masters heart that for many yeers no crosse winds though never so impetuous and violent were able to shake him Add hereunto that he strongly fortified himself by alliances and had in his hands the tenablest places of France by Sea and Land So that he seem'd to be like a tree planted upon the Mount Olympus transcending all meteorologicall impressions and those frog-vapors and malignant ayres which use to hover in the lower Regions and if there hung any his Masters countenance like the Orient Sun would presently dispell them Considering as the world knows a directing minister of State was requisit in France certainly the King could not light upon a more idoneous instrument for he was cut out for a States-man his brain was alwayes at work and his thoughts still grinding something his counsels were oracles and his desseins mysteries till put in execution and then they turn'd to exploits most commonly He was not only wise but politic Now wisdome and policy as it is taken in these times though they both agree in their ends yet they differ in the means conducing to attain their ends the first goes the plain direct high road the other useth now and then some odd by-paths Never any brought the principles of policy which are generall and confus'd to a greater certainty they are easily prescrib'd but practis'd with more difficultie then those of any other Art The Navigator directed by his Compasse is sure to come at such a height and arrive to such a Port the Mathematician can exemplifie and really demonstrate the truth of any of his principles The Architect by his Model and instruments can exactly having materials accordingly raise such an edifice The Musician scruing up his strings to such a height is sure to hit upon such a tune The Physitian knowing the vertue and operation of his drugs is sure they will restringe or purge open or obstruct It is not so with the Polititian who though he adapt and apply his principles never so dextrously yet he cannot assure himselfe of the effects which must be imputed to the world of contingencies obstacles and inexpected accidents which use to attend the negotiations of men specially matters of State and War yet this great Minister brought them to as much certitude as could be In so much that before the breach with Spain he was us'd to say that the Almightie and irresistible hand of heaven was only able to ranverse his desseins not any humane power And it prov'd true for the Austrian tree which was the ayme of all his policies was never so shaken nor France never so secur'd so that take the Theoric and Practic part of policy together Olivares Oxenstern his contemporaries yea Machiavil himself taking him in the best sense had he bin living might have bin his apprentices And it was the more easie for him to bring such things to passe in regard that he had the power of disposing all things entire and so concentred in himself that he met with no opposition with no crosse counsels or contestation for the King had resign'd not only his power but his judgement and all the faculties of his soul unto him alone nor would he listen to any advis'd him otherwise which was no small advantage to the cariage of things for though in the multitude of Counsellors there be safety yet in the conduct of State affaires specially Martiall wherein secrecy and speed are so essentially requisit that they may be said to be the two poles whereon they move I say in the tracing and managery of such actions where oft-times
for them yet they deserve to have Laurels upon their heads and Palmes of victory in their hands to all posterity Crescet occulto velut Arbor aevo Nomen Armandi Ludovicus ingens Stella fulgebit velut inter Ignes Luna minores FINIS An Alphabeticall Table of such matters that are the principall Ingredients of this Story A ANne of Austria affianc'd to Lewis the Thirteenth of France 13 Her dowry 13 Her joynture 14 Her Letter to the King of France 31 Made Regent of France 135 Anagrams on Henry the Great 5 Analogy 'twixt the Dauphin of France and the Duke of Cornwall 2 Advantage of a little well compacted body over a great 151 M. of Ancre's entrance into favour 16 He is slain by Vitry 37 Sentenc'd after death 38 His body untomb'd dragg'd up and down hang'd hack'd to peeces and burnt 38 A censure of him 38 Antipathy 'twixt the Spaniard and French 32 Five French Ambassadors in Italy in one yeer 34 Assembly of the three Estates meet at the Kings majority 23 Assembly of Notables first convok'd 40 All the Alliances that have pass'd 'twixt England and France 67 The D. of Angoulesme before Rochell and his stratagem to deceive the English 8 Marq Ambrosio Spinola's exploits in Italy a clash 'twixt him and Olivares 92 Governor of Milan and besiegeth Casal 93 His Epitaph 95 Archduchesse Isabella dieth at Brussels 106 Articles upon the mariage 'twixt England and France 64 Articles 'twixt the Swed and the French 99 Articles t'wixt the French and the Hollander upon the breach with Spain 109 Clandestine articles twixt the Duke of Rohan and the Spaniard 87 Articles 'twixt the French King and Charles Duke of Lorain 101 Articles 'twixt the King of France and Monsieur his brother 104 Articles 'twixt the French and Catalans 128 The Authours caution to the Reader 6 Armes how ill they become Church-men in the Proem B Bassompierre Ambassador in England 76 Battaile of Norlinghen 108 Bernard Weymar takes Rhinfeild 118 Brisac 125 His Epitaph 126 Becanus book De potestate Regis et Papae condemn'd at Rome 16 Birth and baptisme of Lewis the Thirteenth 1 Birth of the now Duke of Anjou 133 Blasphemous praises of the Cardinal of Richelieu in the Proem Duke of Bovillon invites the Pr of Condé to arme by a notable speech 17 M. de Bois Dauphin General for the King 29 Breda repris'd by the Hollander 116 Breme taken by the Spaniard 119 Duke of Buckingham sent to France to demand and conduct her now Majesty to England 67 The Duke of Buckinghams Manifesto after he had invaded France 77 The causes of the breach 80 The manner of his landing 82 His Letter to Toiras and the answer he receivd 83 His infortunat retreat prisoners taken and releas'd for her Majesties sake 84 The Duke of Buckinghams omissions in the Isle of Ré the causer of them 84 C Cardinals made Generalls 183 Catalonia falls from the Spaniard and the causes why 128 Pr Casimir taken prisoner in France 128 Character of Henry the Great 5 The Chamber of Accounts refuse to verifie the Kings Letter 29 Cadenet Ambassadour in England 56 The Chymericall Ambassadors 169 Christina the second daughter of Henry the Great maried to the Prince of Piemont her portion 42 The D. of Cheureux marieth the Lady Henrietta Maria to the King of England 66 Clergy men most dangerous if misapplied 128 A Clash 'twixt the Duke and the Parlement of Paris 27 A Clash 'twixt the Counsel of State and the Parlement with the Parlements submission 28 Condé and his Adhaerents proclaym'd Traytors 29 His clandestine consults in Paris apprehended in the Louure 35 Prince of Condé distasts the match with Spain 14 Puts himself in Arms to hinder the Queens entrance 28 A great Contention 'twixt the Church men in Paris 11 Contentions in the Generall Assembly of the three Estates 23 The Close and funerall of it 26 Cotton the Iesuit vindicats his Society 9 Count of Auvergne eleven yeers prisoner in the Bastile 37 Count of Chalais beheaded 74 D. of Crequies splendid Ambassage to Rome 106 Kil'd before Breme 119 His Epitaph 120 D Dauphin whence deriv'd 2 The Dauphin now king born 124 Decree of the Colledge of Sorbon against Francis Cupif 117 A Declaration sent to Rochell wherein the English are branded 79 Difference 'twixt the Germans and French at Brisac 127 Difference 'twixt Conde and Soissons about the Napkin 46 Difference 'twixt forren Princes and the Kings base sons 91 Disadvantagious to live 'twixt two potent neighbours exemplified in the Dukes of Savoy and Lorain 93. 101 Dismission of the French from the Queen of Englands service 75 The reasons why 76 Divers odd desseins fear'd in France 73 Distinction 'twixt liberty and priviledge 24 Dionysius his flatterers in the Proem A Discourse upon judiciary Astrology 15 Prince Doria taken prisoner by the French 94 Duke of Mains stately Ambassy to Spain about an alliance 13 Duke of Pastrana in France 14 E How Edward the Confessor us'd an Astrologer 15 Ecclesiasticus a scandalous book writ by Schioppius 16 Divers Errours of the French Chroniclers reflecting upon England 76 Duke of Espernon questions the Rochellers 38 He clasheth with the Court of Parlement 26 A pleasant passage 'twixt him and the Archbishop of Bourdeaux 123 He traceth the Queen Mothers escape out of Blois 43 He is outed of his Government and dieth a little after 123 Emanuel Duke of Savoy his exploits in Italy 71 He highly complains of the King of France whence arise some traverses 'twixt him and Monsieur Bullion the French Ambassador 72 His death prophecied 94 Epitaph upon Marshall Crequy 120 Epitaph upon Marq. Spinola 95 Epitaph upon Saxen Weymar 126 Epitaphs upon Cardinal de Richelieu 178 An Ethiopian Prince Zaga Christos arriv'd in Paris 120 Edicts against duels blasphemy 22 F Master Fairfax put to the torture before Montauban 58 The Falshood of some French Annalists in divers things and their stupidity in relating names 76 The Duke of Fereaincens'd against the Duke of Savoy 97 A fearfull unknown Fire in the Palace of Paris 42 Another when the two bridges were burnt 57 Ferrier a reformed Minister turnd Roman Catholic 14 Five French armies in motion in one sommer 111 Florimond de Puy a Reformed Gentleman beheaded for treason 11 Fontarabia besieg'd by the French 122 Don Fernando the King of Spains youngest brother dieth at Brussells 131 A strange libell touching him and his brother Don Carlos 132. The French soon weary of peace 3 French beaten before Theonville 126 G Master George Digby cutts Scioppius on the face for defaming King James 16 Don Gonsalez de Cordova refuseth the King of France his present 103 Gasper Galilei Galileo racants his opinion in Rome for holding the Sun to rest and the earth to move 107 His punishment ibid. Galigay the Marchiones of Ancre's death and Roman stoutnesse 20 Grievances discover'd and not redres'd do the body politic harm 27 D. of Guyse marieth the