Pace had a sonne at his circumcision named Haly hee would be called Aven Pace concealing Haly but his sonne howsoever hee were named would be called Aven-Haly c. So Surnames passing from father to sonne and coÌ„tinuing to their issue was not antiently in vse among any people in the world Yet to these single Names were adioyned oftentimes other names as Cognomina or Sobriquetts as the French call them and By-names or Nicke-names as we terme them if that word be indifferent to good and bad which still did die with the bearer and never descended to posteritie That we may not exemplifie in other nations which would afforde great plenty but in our own King Eadgar was called the Peaceable king Ethelred the Vnreadie king Edmund for his Valour Iron-side king Harold the Hare-foote Eadric the Streona that is the Getter or Streiner Siward the Degera that is the Valiant King William the first Bastard king William the second Rouse that is the Red king Henry the first Beauclarke that is Fine Scholler so in the house of Aniou which obtained the Crowne of England Geffrey the first Earle of Aniou was surnamed Grisogonel that is Grey-cloake Fulco his sonne Nerra his grand-childe Rechiâ— for his extortion Againe his grand-childe Plantagenet for that he ware commonly a broome-stalke in his bonnet His sonne Henry the second king of England Fitz-Empresse because his mother was Empresse his sonne king Richard had for surname Corde-Lion for his lion-like courage as Iohn was called Sans-terre that is Without land So that wheras these names were never taken vp by the sonne I knowe not why any should thinke Plantagenet to be the surname of the royall house of England albeit in late yeeres many have so accounted it Neither is it lesse strange why so many should thinke Theodore or Tydur as they contract it to be the surname of the Princes of this Realme since king Henry the seaventh For albeit Owen ap Merâ—dith Tydur which married Katharine the daughter of Charles the sixth king of France was grandfather to king Henry the seventh yet that Tydur or Theodore was but the Christian name of Owens grandfather For Owens father was Meredith ap Tydur Ap Grone Ap Tydur who all without Surnames iterated Christian names after the olde manner of the Britaines and other nations heeretofore noted and so lineally deduced his pedegree from Cadwallader king of the Britans as was found by Commission directed to Griffin ap Lewellin Gitteu Owen Iohn King and other learned men both English and Welsh in the seaventh yeare of the said king Henry the seventh Likewise in the line Royall of Scotland Milcolme or Malcolme was surnamed Canmore that is Great head and his brother Donald Ban that is White Alexander the first the Prowde Malcolme the fourth the Virgine William his brother the Lion As amongest the Princes of Wales Brochvail Schitrauc that is Gaggtothed Gurind Barmbtruch that is Spade-bearded Elidir Coscorvaur that is Heliodor the Great house-keeper and so in Ireland Murough Duff that is Blacke 〈◊〉 Roo that is Red Nemoliah that is full of wounds Patric Ban that is White Gavelcâ— that is Fetters To seeke therefore the auntient Surnames of the royall and most antient families of Europe is to seeke that which never was And therefore greatly are they deceived which thinke Valoys to have beene the surname of the late French kings or Borbon of this present king or Habsburg or Austriac of the Spanish king or Steward of the late kings of Scotland and now of BRITAINE or Oldenburg of the Danish For as all know that have but sipped of Histories Valoys was but the Apponage and Earledome of Charles yonger sonne to Philip the second from whome the late kings descended so Borbon was the inheritance of Robert a yonger sonne to saint Lewes of whom this king is descended Habsburg and Austria were but the olde possessions of the Emperors and Spanish Kings progenitours Steward was but the name of office to Walter who was high Steward of Scotland the progenitour of Robert first King of Scots of that family and of the King our Soveraigne And Oldenburg was but the Erledome of Christian the first Danish king of this family elected about 1448. But yet Plâ—â—tagenet Steward Valois Borbon Habsburg c. by prescription of time have prevailed so farre as they are now accounted surnames But for surnames of Princes well said the learned Marcus Salon de Pace Reges cognomiue now vtâ—ntur qâ—â—ia vt Regum familiae agnationes memoriae conserventur 〈◊〉 cognomina non sunt necessaria prout in alijs inferioribus quorum ipsa cognomina agnationum ac familiarum memoriâ—â— tutantur About the yeare of our Lord 1000. that we may not minute out the time surnames beganne to be taken vp in France and in England about the time of the Conquest or else a very little before vnder King Edward the Confessor who was all Frenchified And to this time doe the Scottishmen referre the antiquitie of their surnames although Buchanan supposeth that they were not in vse in Scotland many yeares after But in England certaine it is that as the better sort even from the Conquest by little and little tooke surnames so they were not setled among the common people fully vntill about the time of King Edward the second but still varied according to the fathers name as Richardson if his father were Richard Hodgeson if his father were Roger or in some other respect and from thenceforth beganne to be established some say by statute in their posteritie This will seeme strange to some Englishmen and Scotishmen which like the Arcadians thinke their surnames as ancient as the Moone or at the least to reach many an age beyond the Conquest But they which thinke it most strange I speake vnder correction I doubt they will hardly finde any surname which descended to posteritie before that time Neyther have they seene I feare any deede or donation before the Conquest but subsigned with crosses and single names without surnames in this manner in England Ego Eadredus confirmavi ✚ Ego Edmundus corroboravi ✚ Ego Sigarius conclusi ✚ Ego Olfstanus consolidavi c. Likewise for Scotland in an old booke of Duresme in the Charter whereby Edgare sonne of King Malcolme gave lands neere Coldingham to that Church in the yeare 1097. the Scottish Noblemen witnesses therevnto had no other surnames than the Christian names of their fathers For thus they signed S. ✚ Gulfi filij Mâ—niani S ✚ Culverti filij Donecani S ✚ Olavi filij Oghe c. As for my selfe I never hitherto found any hereditarie Surname before the Conquest neither any that I know and yet both I my selfe and divers whom I know have pored and pusled vpon many an old Record and Evidence to satisfie our selves heerein and for my part I will acknowledge my selfe greatly indebted to them that wil cleare me this doubt But about the time of the Conquest I
Schollers who were bigge men Which when the Emperour sawe hee smiling saide In good faith Maister Iohn you are no indifferent divider Yes if it like your Highnesse verie indifferent saide he for heere poynting to himselfe and the two great fishes be two great ones and a little one and so yonder reaching his hand towardes the Schollers are two great ones and a little one Idem Wenefridus borne at Kirton in Devonshire after furnamed Boniface who converted Freesel and to Christianitie was wont to say In olde time there were golden Prelats and woodden Chalices but in his time woodden Prelates and golden Chalices Beatus Rhenanus libr. 2. rerum Germenâ—arum Ethelwold the Bishop of Winchester in the time of king Edgar in a great famine solde away all the sacred golde and silver vessells of all his church to releeve the hunger-starved poore people saying That there was no reason that the senselesse temples of God should abound in riches and living temples of the holy-ghost starve for hunger Whenas Kinnad King of Scotâ— a vassall to King Eadgar of England had saide at his Table That it stoode not with the honour of the Princes of this Isle to be subiect to that Dandiprat Eadgar who was indeede but of small stature yet full of courage He vnderstanding thereof withdrew Kinnad privately into a wood as though hee had to conferre with him of some important secret where he offered him the choice of two swords prepared for that purpose with these wordes Now we are alone you may try your manhood now may it appeare who should be subiect to the other retire not one foote backe It standeth not with the honour of Princes to brave it at the Table and not to dare it in the field But Kinad heere-at dismaied desired pardon by excuse and obtained it Malmesburiensis pag. 33. The same king Eadgar having brought into his subiection the aforesaid Kinnad king of Scottes Malcolm king of Cumberland Mac cuis the arch pirate lord of the Isles with Dufnall Griffith Howell Iacob Iudethilâ— Princes of Wales was rowed by them in triumphant manner in his barge vpon the river of Dee at Chester at which time it is reported he saide Then may my successours the Kings of England glorie when they shall doe the like Marianus Scotus Anno 973. When Hinguar of Denmarke came so sodainely vppon Edmund the king of the East-Angles that hee was forced to seeke his safetie by flight hee happened vnhappily on a troupe of Danes who fell to examining of him whether hee knew where the king of the East-Angles was whome Edmund thus answered Even now when I was in the palace he was there and when I went from thence he departed thence and whether he shall escape your handes or no onely God knoweth But so soone as they once heard him name God the godlesse infidells pittifully martired him Vita Sancti Edmundi When Brithwold a noble Saxon marching against the Danes encamped neare Maldon was invited by the Abbot of Elie to take his dinner with him he refusing answered Hee would not dine from his companies because hee could not fight without his companies Liber Eliensis King Canutus commonly called Knute walking on the sea sands neare to Southampton was extolled by some of his flattering followers and tolde that hee was a king of kings the mightiest that raigned farre and neare that both sea and land were at his commaund But this speach did put the godly King in mind of the infinite power of God by whome Kings have and enioy their power and therevpon hee made this demonstration to refell their flatterie He tooke off his cloake and wrapping it round together sâ—te downe vpon it neare to the sea that then beganne to slowe saying Sea I commaund thee that thou touch not my feete 〈◊〉 he had not so soone spoken the worde but the surgâ—ng wave dashed him He then rising vp and going backe saide Ye see now my Lorde what good cause you have to call me a King that am not able by my commaundement to stay one wave no mortaâ—l man doubtlesse is woorthy of such an 〈◊〉 name no man hath such commaund but one King which ruleth all Let vs honour him let vs call him King of all kings and Lord of all nations Let vs not onely confesse bvt also prâ—fesse him to be ruler of the heavens sea anâ— land Polydorus and others When Edric the extorteâ— was deprived by King Câ—ute of the government of Mercia hee impatient of the disgrace tolde him he had deserved better for that to pleasure him hee had first revolted from his Soveraigne king Edmund and also dispatched him Whereat Câ—ute all appalled answered And thou shalt die for thy desert whenâ—â— thou arte a traitour to God and me in killing thy king and my confederate brother His bloud be vpon thy head which hast layed handes vpon the Lordes annoynted Some reporte that he saide For his deserts he should be advaunced above all the Nobilitie of England which hâ— câ—mmediately performed advauncing his head vpon the Tower of London Florilegus King Edward the Confessour one afternoone lying in his bedde with the curtaine drawne round about him a poore pilfering Courtier came into his chamber where finding the Kings Casket open which Hugoline his chamberlaine had forgotten to shut going foorth to pay money in haste hee tooke out so much money as hee couldâ— well carry and went away But insatiable desire brought him againe and so the third time when the King who lay still all this while and would not seeme to see beganne to speake to him and bade him speedily be packing For he was well if hee coulde see for if Hugoline came and tooke him there he were not onely like to loose all that he had gotten but also stretch an halter The fellow was no sooner gone but Hugoline came in and finding the Casket open and much money taken away was greatly mooved But the King willed him not to he grieved For saide he he that hath it had more neede of it then wee have This at that time was adiudged Christian lenitie but I thinke in our age it will be accounted simplicitie in the woorst sense Vita Sancti Edwardi This Edward hasted out of Normandie whither his expelled father king Ethelred had fled with him with a great power to recover the kingdome of England from the Danes neere vnto whose forces hee was encamped ready to give them battell But when his Captaines promised him assured victorie and that they would not leave one Dane alive God forbid quoth Edward that the kingdome should be recovered for me one man by the death of so many thousand men It is better that I do leade a private and vnbloody life then be a King by such but chery And therewithall brake vp Campe and retyred into Normandy where he staied vntill God sent oportunitie to obtaine the kingdome without blood Paulus Aemilius Harold as hee waited on the cup of the said king Edward chanced
conioyned and beginne to close together into one in their most antient name of BRITAINE If any would vndertake the honour and precedence of Britaine before other Realmes in serious maner for heere I protest once for all I will passe over each thing lightly slightly a world of matter at the first view would present it selfe vnto him As that the true Christian Religion was planted heere most auntiently by Ioseph of Arimathia Simon Zelotes Aristobulus yea by saint Peter and saint Paul as may be prooved by Dorotheus Theodâ—â—â— Sophronius before the yere of Christ 200. it was propagated as Tertullian writes to places of Britaine â—accessa Roâ—anis whither the Romans never reached which can not be vnderstoode but of that parte which was afterward called Scotland The kingdomes also are most auntient helde of God alone acknowledging no superiours in no vassalage to Emperour or Pope The power of the Kings more absolute than in most other kingdomes their territories very large for the Kings of England beside Ireland have commaunded from the Isles of Orkenay to the Pyrene Mountaines and are de iure Kings of all France by descent The Kings of Scotland beside the ample realm of Scotland commands the 300 Westerne Isles the 30. of Orkney Schetland Also which was accounted a special note of maiesty in former ages the Kings of England with them of Fraunce Ierusalem Naples and afterward Scotland were antiently the onely annointed Kings of Christendome which manner beganne among the Iewes was recontinued at length by the Christian Emperors of Constantinople with this word at the annoynting 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Be holy and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Be worthie and from thence was that sacred ceremonie brought to vs and the other kingdomes As for that admirable gift hereditary to the annoynted Princes of this Realme in curing the Kings Evil I referre you to the learned Discourse thereof lately written Neyther would it be forgotten that England in the opinion of the Popes when they swayd the world and their authoritie was held sacred was preferred because it contained in the Ecclesiasticall Division two large Provinces which had their severall Legatinati whereas Fraunce had scantly one That Scotland was by them accompted an exempt kingdome and a Peculiar properly appertaining to the Roman Chappell And which was accompted in that age a matter of honour when all Christianitie in the Counsell Constance was divided into Nations Anglicana Natio was one of the principall and no sub alterne As also that in times past the Emperour was accounted Maior filius Ecclesiae the King of France Filius Minor and the King of England Filius Tertius and Adoptivus And so in generall Councells as the King of Fraunce had place next the Emperour on the right hand so the King of England on the left and the Kings of Scotland as appeereth in an antient Roman Provinciall had next place before Castilâ— The Archbishops of Canterbury who were antiently stiled Archbishoppes of Britaine were adiudged by the Popes tanquam alterius orbis Pontifices Maximi and they had their place in all general Councells at the Popes right foote The Title also of Defensor fidei is as honourable and more iustly conferred vpon the Kings of England than either Christianissimus vpon the French or Catholicus vpon the Spaniard Neither is it to be omitted which is so often recorded in our Histories when Brithwald the Monke not long before the Conquest busied his brain much about the succession of the Crown because the blood Royall was almost extinguished he had a strange vision and heard a voyce which forbade him to be inquisitive of such matters resounding in his eares The kingdome of England is Gods owne kingdome and for it God himselfe will provide But these such like are more fit for a graver Treatise than this I will performe that I promised in handling nothing seriously and therfore I will bring you in some Poets to speake in this behalfe for mee and will beginne with olde Alfred of Beverlie who made this for Britaine in generall which you must not reade with a censorious eye for it is as the rest I will cite of the middle age having heeretofore vsed all of more auntient and better times in an other worke But thus saide he of Britaine Insula praedives quae toto vix eget orbe Et cuius totus indiget orbis ope Insula praedives cuius miretur optet Delicias Salomon Octavianus opes For Scotland one lately in a far higher straine and more Poetically sung these Quis tibi frugifera 〈…〉 Aut aris gravides 〈◊〉 pâ—â—dere 〈…〉 Et nitidos auro monces ferrâ—que rigentâ—â— Deque met allâ—feris manantia 〈…〉 Quaeque beaâ—t alias communia commoda gâ—â—tesâ— For England a very olde Epigrâ—â—â—tist made these with a Prosopopoeia of Nature the indulgent mother to England which doth comprise as much as the best wittes can nowe conceive in that behalfe Anglia terra ferax tibi pax secura quietem Multiplicem luxum merx opulenta dedit Tu nimio nec stricta gelu nec sydere fervens Clementi coelo temperieque places Cùm pareret Natura parens varioque favore Divideret dotes omnibus vna locis Seposuit potiora tibi matremque professa Insula fis â—oelix plenaque pacis â—â—t Quicquid amat luxus quicquid desiderat vsus Ex tâ— proveniet vel aliunde tibi Accordingly it is written in the Blacke booke of the Exchequer that our Auncestors termed England a Store-house of Treasure and a Paradise of Pleasure in this verse Divitijsque sinum delicijsque larem So that not without cause Pope Innocentius the fourth most willingly and especially desired to see Divitias Londini delicias Westmonasterij In these respects to conclude most truely our Lucan singeth of this our countrey The fairest Land that from her thrusts the rest As if she car'd not for the world beside A world within herselfe vvith vvonders blest The inhabitants of Britaine AS all the Regions with the whole worlds frame and all therein was created by the Almightie for his last and most perfect worke that goodly vpright provident subtile wittie and reasonable creature which the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for his vpright looke the Latines Homo for that he was made of Molde and we with the Germains call Man of his principall part the mind being the verie image of God and a pettie world within himselfe so he assigned in his divine providence this so happy and worthy a region to men of answerable worth if not surpassing yet equalling the most excellent inhabitants of the earth both in the endowments of minde lineaments of bodie and their deportment both in peace and warre as if I would enter into discourse I could very easily shew But overpassing their naturall inclination by heauenly influence answerable to the disposition of Aries Leo and Sagittary Iupiter with Mars
Regi Regilianus whereat the souldiers which in all actions are forward beganne with acclamation Ergo potest Rex esse Ergo potest regere Deus tibi regis nomen imposuit and so invested him with imperiall roabes In this Isle also at Silcaster in Hamshire Constantinus a militarie man of some reputation in hope of his luckie name and that he would proue another Constantinus Magnus to the good of the people was by the Britan Armie proclaimed emperour against Henorius who exployted great matters in his owne person in Gallia and by his son in Spaine So in former times the name of Antoninus in remembrance of Antoninus Pius was so amiable among the Romans as he was supposed vnfit for the empire who bare not that name vntill Antoninus Elagabalus with his filthie vices distained the same We reade also that two Ambassadours were sent out of France into Spaine to King Alphonse the 9 to dâ—mand one of the daughters that he begat of the daughter of King Henry the second of England to be married to their Soveraigne King Lewes the eight one of these Ladies was very beautifull called Vrraca the other not so beautifull but named Blanche When they were presented to the Ambassadours all men held it as a matter resolved that the choyce would light vpon Vrraca as the elder and fairer But the Ambassadours enquiring each of their names tooke offence at Vrraca and made choyce of the Lady Blanche saying That her name would be better received in France than the other as signifying faire and beautifull according to the verse made to her honour Candida candescens candore cordis oris So that the greatest Philosopher Plato might seeme not without cause to advise men to be carefull in giving faire and happie names as the Pythagoreans affirmed the mindes actions and successes of men to be according to their Fate Genius and Name One also well observeth that these seven things Virtue good Parentage Wealth Dignity or Office good Presence a good Christian name with a gratious Surname and seemely attire doe especially grace and adorne a man And accordingly saieth Panormitan Ex bono nomine oritur bona presumptio As the common Proverb Bonum nomen bonum omen The divell neverthelesse who alwayes maligneth God and goodnesse wrought by the cruelty of Valens the emperour the destruction of many men of worth who hadde happy names beginning with Theo signifying God as Theodorus Theodubis Theodoretus Theodosius c. For that diverse curious companions had found by the falling of a ring magically prepared vpon those letters onely of all the Alphabâ—t graven in a Charger of sundry mettals and set vpon a Laurell trivet that one who had his name beginning with Theod should succeede in the empire which was verified in Theodosius not long after In times of Christianity the names of most holy and vertuous persons and of their most worthy progenitors were given to stir vp men to the imitation of them whose names they bare But succeeding ages little regarding saint Chrysostoms admonition to the contrary have recalled prophane names so as now 〈…〉 names of vnhappy disastre are as 〈◊〉 some 〈…〉 they were in Pagaâ—â—smâ—s Albeit in our late 〈…〉 of good consideration have brought in 〈…〉 Iosias c. as better agreeing with our saith but without contempt of our countrey names as I hope which have both good and gratious significations as shal appeare hereafter Whereas in late yeeres Surnames have beene given for Christian names among vs and no where else in Christendome although many dislike it for that great inconvenience will ensue neverthelesse it seemeth to proceede from hearty good-will and affection of the Godfathers to show their love or from a desire to continue and propagate their owne names to succeeding ages And is in no wise to be disliked but rather approoved in those which matching with heires generall of worshipful antient families have given those names to their heires with a mindefull and thankefull regard of them as we have now Pickering Wottâ—n Grevill Varney Bassingburne Gaâ—â—dy Culthorp Parker Peesâ—ll Bracâ—â— Fuz-Raulfe Chamberlaine who are the heiâ—â—s of Pickering 〈◊〉 Bassingburn Grevill Calthorp c. For beside the continuation of the name we see that the selfe name yea somtime the similitude of names doth kindle sparkles of love and liking among meere strangers Neither can I beleeve a waiward olde man which would say that the giving of Surnames for Christian names first began in the time of king Edward the sixt by such as would be Godfathers when they were more then halfe fathers and thereupon would have perswaded some to change such names at the Confirmation Which that I may note by the way is vsuall in other countries as wee remember two sonnes of king Henry the second of France christâ—â—ed by the names of Alexander and Hercules châ—â—â—ged them at their Confirmation into 〈◊〉 and Francis But two Christian names are rare in England and I only remember now his Maiesty who was named Charles Iames as the Prince 〈…〉 and among private men Thomas Maria Wingfield and sir Thomas Pâ—sthâ—â—â—us Hobby Although it is common in Itaâ—â—e to adioyne the name of some Saint in a kinde of devotion to the Christian name as 〈◊〉 Baptista Spinalu Iohannes Franciscns Borâ—omeus Marcus Antonius 〈◊〉 and in Spaine to adde the name of the Saint on whose day the childe was borne If that any among vs have named their children Remedian 〈◊〉 Imago sâ—euâ— or with such like names I knowe some will thinke it more then a vanitie as they do but little better of the new names Free-gift Reformation Earth Dust Ashes Delivery More fruite Tribulation The Lord is neare More triall Discipline Ioy againe From above which have lately beene given by some to their children with no evill meaning but vpon some singular and precise conceit That I may omit another more vaine absurditie in giving names and surnames of ruen yea and of the best families to dogges beares and horses Whenas wee reade it was thought a capitall crime in Pomposiamas for calling his base bondslaves by the name of grand captaines Here I might remember how some mislike the giving of parents names successively to their heires for that if they should be forced to proove descent it will be hard to proove the Doner and the Done in Formedon and to distinguish the one from the other It were impertinent to note heere that destinies were superstitiously by Onomantin desciphered out of names as though the names and natures of men were sutable and fatall necessitie concurred heerein with voluntary motion in giving the name according to that of Ausonius to Probus Qualem cravit moribus Iussit vocari nomine Mundi supremus arbitar And after where he playeth with bibbing mother Mereâ— as thogh she were so named bicause she would to drink meere wine without water or as he pleasantly 〈◊〉 it â—â—rum Merum for as he saieth Qui primus Mere◠〈◊〉
then finde for diverse endes wee beganne to note aparte the Apothegms or Speeches call them what ye wil of our nation Which since that time I have so farre encreased as our Countrey-Writers spare in this point have affoorded and heere doe offer them vnto you Albeit I doe knowe they will lie open to the censure of the youth of our time who for the most part are so over-gulled with self-liking that they are more then giddy in admiring themselves and carping whatsoever hath beene done or saide heeretofore Neverthelesse I hope that all are not of one humour and doubt not but that there is diversitie of tastes as was among Horaces guests so that which seemeth vnsavorie to one may seemed dainty to another and the most witlesse speech that shal be set downe wil seeme wittie to some We knowe that whereas Dianaes Temple at Ephesus was burned that night that Alexander the Great was borne one saide It was no marvel for she was then absent as mother Midwise at so great a child-birth Tully dooth commend this for a wittie conceit and Plutarch condemneth it as a witlesse ieast The like is to be looked for in these which neverthelesse whatsoever they are in themselves or in other mens iudgements I commend them to such indifferent courteous modest Readers as doe not thinke basely of the former ages their country and countriemen leaving to other to gather the pregnant Apothegmes of our time which I knowe wil finde farre more favour And that I may set them in order of time I will beginne with the antient Britan Prince called by the Româ—ns Caratacuâ— happly in his owne tongue Caradoc who flourished in the partes now called Wales about the sixtâ—eth yeare after the birth of Christ CAratacus a Britaine that 9. yeeres withstood the Roman pâ—â—ssance was at length vanquished and in triumphant manner with his wife daughters and brethren presented to Claudius the Emperour in the view of the whole cittie of Rome But he nothing appalled with this adversitie delivered this speech Had my moderation and carriage in prosperitie beene answerable to my Nobilitie and Estate I might have come hither rather a friend than a captive neither would you have disdained to have entred amitie with me being nobly descended and soveraigne over many people My present state as it is reproachfull to me â—o it is honorable to you I had horsemen munition and money what marvel is it if I were loath to loose thems If you will be soveraignâ— over all by consequence all must serve you Had I yeelded at the first neither my power nor your glorie had beene renewned and after my execution oblivion bad ansewed But if you save my use I shall be for ever a president and proofe of your clemencie This manly speech purchased pardon for him and his and the Senate assembled adiudged the taking of this poore Prince of Wales as glorious as the conquering of Siphax King of Numidia by P. Scipio or of Perses King of Macedonia by L. Paulus Tacituâ— When this 〈◊〉 now enlâ—rged was carried about to see the state and magnificence of Rome Why doe you saide hee so greedily desire our poore cottages when as you have such stately and magnificall pallaces Zonaras In the time of Nero when the Britans could no longer beare the iniustice wherewith the Romans both hâ—re and elsewhere grounded their greatnes Bundica called by some Boadicia Princesse then of the partes of Norffolke and Suffolke exceedingly iniuried by them animated the Britanâ— to shake off the Roman bondage and concluded Let the Romaines which are no better than Hares and Fâ—xeâ— vnderstand that they make a wrong match with Woolâ—es and Greyhoundes And with that woorde lette an Hare oâ—t of her lappe as a fore-token of the Romans fearefulnesse but the successe of the bâ—ttell prooved otherwise Xiphilinus Calgacus a warrelike Britan commaunding in the north parte of this Isle when he had encouraged his people with a long speach to withstand the Romans ready to invade them concluded emphatically with these words You are now come to the shocke thinke of your auncestors thinke of your posteritie for the Britans before the arivall of the Romans enioyed happy liberty and now were in daunger of most heavy slaverie Severus the Emperour an absolute Lorde of the most parte of this Isle when from meane estate hee had ascended to the highest honour was woont to say I have beene all and am never the better When hee lay sicke of the gowt at Yorke and the souldiers had saluted his sonne there by the name of Augustus as their Soveraigne he got him vppe caused the principall practisers of that fact to be brought before him and when they prostrate craved pardon hee laying his hand vppon his head sayde You shall vnderstand that my head and not my feete dooth governe the Empire and shortly after ended his life in the cittie of Yorke with these wordes I found the State troublesome every where and I leave it quiet even to the Britans and the Empire sure and firme to my children if they be good but vnsure and weake if they be bad A man he was verie industrious of marvellous dispatch and so invred in continuall action that at the last gaspe he said And is there any thing for me to doe now While he ruled the world was so loose that three thousand were indicted at Rome of adultery at which time Iulia the Empresse blamed the wife of Argetocox a northern Britaine Lady that the Brittish women did not according to womanhoode carry themselves in accompanying with men for then tenne or twelve men hadde twoo or three wives common among them But she not ignorant of the Roman incontinencie replied Wee accompany indeede with the best and bravest men openly but most vile and base companions doe vse you secretly Xiphilinus At Yorke also died Constantinus Chlorus the Emperour who being not able to furnish Dioclesian his consort in the Empire with such a masse of mony as he required at that instant saide Hee thought it better for the common-weale that many should be in the handes of private men then shutte vp in the Emperors coffers concurring with Traiane who compared the treasure of the Prince vnto the splene that the greater it groweth the limbes are the lesser Eusebius His sonne Câ—nstantine invested in the Empire at Yorke and a Britan borne as all Writers consent beside Nicophorus who lived not long since and now Lipsius deceived by the false printed coppie of Iul. Firmicus the first Emperour which advanced the faith of Christ followed the humilitie of Christ for hee vsed to call the common people His fellow servants and brethren of the Church of God When a slattering Priest for in all ages the Clericall will flatter as well the Laicall tolde him that his godlines virtues iustly deservd to have in this world the empire of the world and in the world to come to raigne with the sonne of God The humble Emperour cried
constantiâ—r Commendatie lamentabilis in transiâ—n Regis Edw priâ—â— Whereas the kings of England before his time vsed to weare their Crowne vpon all solemne feast dayes he first omitted that custome saying merrily That Crownes doe rather â—nerate than honour Princes Idem tractatus When a simple religious man seeing him meanely attired wondering thereat asked him why hee beeing so potent a Prince ware so simple a sute he answered Father Father you know how God regardeth garments What can I doe more in royall robes than in this my gabbardine Idem When the Cleargie pretending a discharge by a 〈◊〉 lately made at the Councell held at Lyons in Fraâ—â—â— would contribute nothing to the temporall necessities of King Edward hee saide vnto them in parliament Seeing you doe refuse to helpe me I will also refuse to help you c. If you deny to pay tribute to me as vnto your Prince I will refuse to protect you as my subiects and therefore if you be spoyled robbed maiâ—â—ed and nurthered seeke for no succourner defence of me or mine The Pope sent an Iniunction vnto the same Edward the which was delivered vnto him in one of his iornies against the fautors of Iohn Balleal king of Scotland the tenour of it was that he should surcease to disquiet the Scottes which were an exempt nation and properly appertaining to the Roman Chappell wherefore the citty of Ierusalem could not but defend her Cittizens and helpe them that did trust in the Lord like mount Siâ—â— Hee hadde no sooner read it but rapping out an othe saide I will not holde my peace for Syon nor Ierusalems rest as long as there is breath in my bodie but wil prosecute my iust right knowne vnto all the world and defend is to the death Tho Walsing ham When Iohn Earle of Athâ—ll nobly descended who had with other murthered Iohn Coâ—â—in was apprehended by king Edward the first and some intreated for him The king answered The higher his calling is the greater must his fall be and as he is of higher parentage so he shal be the higher hanged which accordingly was performed for he was hanged on a gallowes fiftie foote high Florilegus Whenas in siege of the Castle of Strivelin in Scotland king Edward the first by his over-forwardnesse was often endaungered some advised him to have more regarde to his person hee aunswered them with that of David in the Psalme A thousand shall fall as my fide and tenne thousand at my right hand but it shall not come neere me Florilegus When the learned Lawyers of the realme were consulted in a cause by him and after long consultation did not satisfie him hee saide as kings impatient of delayes may be bolde with their Lawyers My Lawyers are long advising and never advised Florilegus As for other speeches of his I wittingly and willingly overpasse Eleanor wife to king Edward the first a most vertuous and wise woman when hee tooke his long and dangerous voyage into the holy land would not be disswaded to tarrie at home but woulde needes accompany him saying Nothing must part them whome God hath ioyned and the way to heaven is as neare in the holy land if not nearer as in England or Spaine This worthy Queene maketh mee remember Eubulus a scoffing Comicall Greeke Poet which curseth himselfe if ever hee opened his mouth against women inferring albeit Medea were wicked yet Penelope was peerelesse if Clytemnestra were naught yet Alcestes was passing good if Phâ—dra were damnable yet there was an other laudable But heere saith he I am at a stand of good women I finde not one more but of the wicked I remember thousandes Beshrew this scoffer yee good wives all and let his curse fall vpon him for of your kinde may many a million bee found yea of your owne country and that I may reserve other to a fitter place I will shew vnto you a rare example in this Queene of England a most loving and kinde wife out of Rodericus Sanctius not mentioned by our Historians When king Edward the first was in the holy land hee was stabbed with a poysoned dagger by a Sarazen and through the rancor of the poyson the wound was iudged incurable by his Physitions This good Queene Eleanor his wife who had accompanied him in that iourney endangering her owne life in loving affection saved his life and eternized her owne honour For she daily and nightly sucked out the ranke poyson which love made sweete to her and thereby effected that which no Arte durst attempt to his safety her ioy and the comfort of all England So that well woorthy was shee to be remembred by those Grosses as monuments which in steade of Statues were erected by her husband to hir honour at Lincolne Grâ—â—tham Stanford Goddington Northampton Stâ—â—y Straford Dunstaple Saint Albanes Waltham and Westminster called Charing crosse all adorned with her Armes of Castile Leon and Pontive Robert Winchelsey the Archbishop of Canterbury was banished by king Edward the first but afterward restored againe by him and all the rents that had beene sequestred during his absence repayed him whereby he became the richest Archbishop that had been in that feate before him Wherefore often recording his troubles hee woulde say Adversitie never burteth where no uniquity over-ruleâ—â— Liber Cantuar. William de March Lord Treasourer vnto king Edward the first caused all the treasure throughout all the land that was layed vppe in the Monasteries and Churches to be at one iustant violently taken away by military men saying It is better that money should be mooving and according to the name be currant and goe abroad to the vse of the people than resting in chests without fruits and occupation concurring in this last poynt with a Maxime of the Vsurers hall Of king Edward the second I finde nothing memorable but that which griefe and great indignitie wreasted from him when Corney and his rascall rabblements after his deposition would needes shave him on the way lest he should be knowne and rescewed They enforced him to sit downe vpon a mole hil and the knave Barber insulting told him that cold water taken out of the next ditch should serve for his trimming at that time Hee answered Whether you will or no there shall be warme water and therewithall hee shedding teares plentifully verified his words Thom de la More After the battell of Poitiers 〈◊〉 Lorde Audley was brought to the Blacke Prince in a Litter most grievously wounded for hee had carried himselfe most valiantly that day To whome the Prince with due commendations gave for his good service foure hundred markes of yeerely revenews The which hee returning to his tent gave as franckely to his foure Esquiers that attended him in the battell whereof when the Prince was advertised doubting that his gift was contemned as too little for so great good service the Lord Audley satisfied him with this answer I must doe for them who deserved best of me These my Esquiers saved my life
amiddest the ennemies And God bee thanked I have sufficient revenews left by my Aâ—ncestours to maintaine me in your service Whereupon the Prince praising his prudence and liberalitie confirmed his gift made to his Esquiers and assigned him moreover sixe hundred markes of like land in England â—rossard William Wickham after Bishoppe of Winchester came into the service and also into the great favour of King Edward the third by beeing overseer of his great woorke at Windesor wheras before he served as a poore parish priest Wherfore he caused to be written in one of his windows This worke made Wickham Which being tolde vnto the King hee was offended with Wickham as though hee had gone about to robbe him of the glorie of that magnificent worke But when Wickham tolde him that his meaning was that that worke had beene his making and advauncement the King rested content and satisfied Vita Wiccami When the saide William Wickham as it is commonlie saide sued vnto Edward the third for the Bishoppricke of Winchester the King tolde him that hee was vnmeete for it because he was vnlearned but hee saide In recompence thereof I will make many learned men The which hee performed indeed For he founded New Colledge in Oxford and another in Winchester which houses have affoorded verie many learned men both to the Church and to the Common-wealth When Henry of Lancaster surnamed the Good Earle of Darby had taken 1341. Bigerac in Gascoigne hee gave and graunted to every souldier the house which every one should first seaze vpon with all therein A certaine souldier of his brâ—ke into a Mint-maisters house where hee found so great a masse of money that hee amazed therewith as a prey greater than his desert or desire signified the same vnto the Earle who with a liberall minde aunswered It is not for my state to play boyes play to give and take Take thou the money if it were thrice as much Walsingham When newes was bâ—ought vnto king Richard the second that his vnkles of Yorke and Gloucester the Earles of Arundell Warwicke Darby and Nottingham with other of that faction who sought to reforme the misorders of the King or rather of his wicked Counsellors were assembled in a woodde neere vnto the Court after hee had asked other mens opinions what was to be done in so weightie and doubtfull a case At length hee mernly demaunded of one sir Hugh a Linne who had beene a good militarie man in his dayes but was then somewhat distraught of his wittes what he would advise him to doe Issue out quoth sir Hugh and let vs set vppon them and stay them every mothers sonne and by Gods eyes when thou hast so done thou hast killed all the faithfull friendes that thou hast in England Anonymus KIng Henry the fourth a wise Prince who full well knew the humour of the English in his admonition to his sonne at his death saide Of Englishmen so long as they have wealth and riches so long sâ—alt thou have obeysance but when they be poore then they be alwayes ready to make insurrections at every motion Hall King Henry the fourth during his sickenes caused his Crowne to be set on his pillow at his beds head and sodainâ—ly his pangue so sore troubled him that hee lay as though his vitall spirites had beene from him departed Such chamberlaines as had the care and charge of his bodie thinking him to be dead covered his face with a linnen cloth The Prince his sonne being thereof advertised entred into the chamber and tooke away the Crowne and departed The father being sodainely revived out of his traunce quickely perceived that his Crowne was taken away and vnderstanding that the Prince his sonne had it caused him to repaire to his presence requiring of him for what cause he had so mis-used himselfe The Prince with a good audacitie answered Sir to mine and all men iudgements you seemed dead in this world wherefore I as your next and apparant heire tooke that as mine owne not as yours Well faire sonne saide the King with a great sigh what right I had to it and how I enioyed it God knoweth Well quoth the Prince if you die King I will have the garland and trust to keepe it with the Sworde against all mine enemies as you have done Hall KIng Henry the fift when he prepared warres against Fraunce the Dolphin of Fraunce sent him a present of Paris Balles in derision but hee returned for answere That he would shortly resend him London Balles which should shake Paris Walles Anonymus Angticè When King Henry the fift had given that famous overthrowe vnto the French at Agincourt hee fell downe vppon his knees and commaunded his whole armie to doe the same saying that verse in the Psalme Non nobis Domine non nobis sed nomini tuo da gloriam Not vnto vs O Lord not vs but vnto thy name give the glorie HEnry the sixt did take all iniuries whereof he received plenty so patiently that he not only did not seek to revenge them but Gave God thankes that hee did send them to punish his sinnes in this life that hee might escape punishment in the life to come Vita Henrici Sexti As the Emperor Fredericke the third when he heard of the death of a great noble man of Austria who lived ninety three yeeres most wickedly in fleshly pleasures and yet never once afflicted with griefe or sickenes saide This proâ—veth that which Divines teach that after death there is some place where wee receive rewarde or punishment when wee see often in this worlde neyther the iust rewarded nor the wicked punished The same King Henry having in Christmasse a shew of yoong women with their bare breasts layde out presented before him hee immediately departed with these wordes Fie fie for shame forsooth you be too blame Idem He receiving on a time a great blowe by a wicked man which compassed his death hee onely sayde Forsooth forsooth yee doe fowly to smite a King annoynted Not long before his death being demaunded why hee had so long held the Crowne of England vniustly hee replied My father was King of England quietly enioying the Crowne all his raigne and his father my grandfire was also king of England and I even a childe in cradle was proclaimed and crowned King without any interruption and so held it fortie yeeres wel-neere all the states doing homage vnto mee as to my Auncestors Therefore wiâ—â— I say with King David My lot is fallen in a faire ground I have a goodly heritage my helpe is from the Lord which saveth the vpright in heart Idem Thomas Montacute â—arle of Sarisbury when hee besieged Orleans and had so enforced it that the Inhabitants were willing to articulate and to yeelde themselves to the Duke of Burgundie then being in his company he highly disdaining it saide in the English proverbe I wil not beate the bush and another shal have the birdes Which proverbiall speech so offended the
Dominators for this Northwest part of the world which maketh them impatient of servitude lovers of libertie martiall and couragious I will only in particular note somewhat and that summarily of the Britaines Scottish and English the three principall inhabitants The Britaines the most antient people of this Isle antiently inhabited the same from sea to sea whose valour and prowes is renowned both in Latine Greek monuments and may appeare in these two points which I will heere onely note First that the most pâ—â—ssant Roman forces when they were at the highest could not gaine of them being but then a halfe-naked people in thirtie whole yeares the countries from the Thames to Strâ—â—ling And when they had gained them and brought them into forme of a province they found them so warlike a people that the Romanes levied as many Cohorts companies and ensignes of Britans from hence for the service of Armenia Aegypt Illyricum their frontire Countries as from any other of their Provinces whatsoeuer As for those Britane which were farther North and after as is most probable called Pictes for that they still painted themselues when the Southerne parts were brought to civilitie they not onely most couragiously defended their libertie but offended the Romans with continuall and most dangerous incursions The other remainder of the Britans which retyred themselues to west parts now called Wâ—â—es with like honour of fortitude for many hundred yeares repelled the yoake both of the English and Norman slaverie But since they were â—â—ted to the imperiall Crowne of England they have to their iust praise performed all parts of dutifull loyaltie and allegiance most faithfully therevnto Great also is the glorie of those Britans which in most dolefull time of the English invasion with-drew themselves into the West parts of Gallia then called Armorica For they not onely seated themselves there maugre the Romans then indeede low and neare setting and the French but also imposed their name to the countrey held and defended the same against the French vntill in our grandfathers memorie it was vnited to France by the sacred bonds of matrimonie Next after the Britans the Scottishmen comming out of Ireland planted themselves in this Islcoâ— the North side of Cluid partly by force partly by fauour of the Pictes with whom a long time they annoyed the Southerne parts but after many blody battels amongst themselves the Scottishmen subdued them and established a kingdome in those parts which with 〈◊〉 couragâ— and warlike prowesse they have not onely maintained at home but also hath purchased great honour abroad For the French cannot but acknowledge they have seldome atchieved any honourable acts without Scottish hands who therefore are deservedly to participate the glorie with them As also divers parts of France Germany and Suitzerland cannot but confesse that they owe to the Scottish Nation the propagation of good letters and Christian religion amongst them After the Scottishmen the Angles Englishmen or Saxons by Gods wonderfull providence were transplanted hither out of Germanie A people composed of the valiant Angles Iutes and Saxons then inhabiting Iutland â—olsten and the sea coasts along to the river Rhene who in short time subduing the Britans and driving them into the mountanous Westerne parts made themselves by a most compleate conquest absolute Lords of all the better soyle thereof as farre as Orkeney Which cannot be doubted of when their English tongue reacheth so farre along the East coast vnto the farthest parts of Scotland and the people thereof are called by the Highland-men which are the true Scots by no other name then Saxons by which they also call vs the English This warlike victorious stiffe stowt and rigorous Nation after it had as it were taken roote heere about one hundred and sixtie yeares and spread his branches farre and wide being mellowed and mollified by the mildenes of the soyle and sweete aire was prepared in fulnes of time for the first spirituall blessing of God I meane our regeneration in Christ and our ingrafting into his mysticall bodie by holy baptisme Which Beda our Ecclesiastical Historian recounteth in this manner and I hope you will give it the reading Gregorie the Great Bishop of Rome on a time saw beautifull boyes to befold in the market at Rome demanded from whence they were answer was made him out of the Isle of Britaine Then asked he againe whither they were Christians or noâ— they said no. Alas for pittie said Gregorie that the soule 〈…〉 be Lord of such faire folkes and that they which carrie such grace in their 〈…〉 in their hearts Then he would know of them by what name their Nation was called and they told him 〈◊〉 And iustly be they so called quoth he for they haue Angelike faces and seeme meete to be made cohairâ—â— with the Angells in heaven Since which time they made such happy progresse in the Christian profession both of faith and works that if I should but enter into consideration thereof I should be over-whelmed with mayn tides of matter Many and admirable monuments thereof do every where at home present themselves to your view erected informer times and no small number in our age although few men note them not for affectation of â—ame or ostentation of wealth but to the glorie of God increase of faith of learning and to maintenance of the poore As for abroad the world caâ— testifie that foure Englishmen have converted to Christianitie eight Nations of Europe Wiâ—frid alias Boniface the Dâ—â—shire-man converted the German Saxons Francâ—â—â—ns Hossians and Thuringians Willebred the Northerne man the Frisians and Hollanders Nicholas Brakspâ—â— of Middlesex who was after called Pope Hadrian the Normegians and not long since Thomas of Wâ—lden of Essex the Litâ—â—â—ians Neither will I heere note which strangers have noted that England hath bred more Princes renowned for sanctitie then any Christian Nation whatsoever It doth also redound to the eternall honour of England that our countrimen have twice beene schoolemaist 〈…〉 France First when they taught the Gaules the discipline of the 〈◊〉 and after when they and the Scottishmen first taught the French the liberall Arts and persuaded Carelus Magnus to found the Vniversitie of Paris They also brought into Fraunce the best lawes which the Parlâ—ament of 〈◊〉 and Burdeaux have now in vse They at the lowest ebbe of learning amazed the world with their excellent knowledge in Philosophie and Divinitie for that I may not 〈◊〉 of Alexander of Hales the 〈…〉 Schoolemaster to the 〈◊〉 Doctor Thomas Aqâ—â—â— one Colledge in Oxford brought forth in one age those foure lights of learning Scoâ—us the Subtile Bradwardâ—ne the Profound Okham the Invincible and Burley the Perspicuous and as some say Baconthorpe the Resolute which Titles they hadde by the common consent of the iudiciall and learned of that and the succeeding ages Yet their militarie glorie hath surpassed all for they have terrified the whole
at his eyes This his devise had no life because it had no Motte but his answer gave it life when he said to one demaunding his meaning That they were his sonnes which did so pecke him and that Iohn the yongest whome he loved best practised his death more busily than the rest Giraldus Cambrensis distinct King Henry the third as liking well of Remuneration commaunded to be written in his Chamber at Woodstocke as it appeareth in the Recordes in the Tower Qui non dat quod amat non accipit iâ—le quod optat Edmund Crâ—uch-backe his second sonne first Earle of Lancaster vsed a red Rose wherewith his Tombe at Westminster is adorned Edward the third bare for his devise the rayes of the Sunne dispersing themselves out of a cloude and in other places a golden truncke of a tree The victorious Blacke Prince his sonne vsed sometimes one feather sometime three in token of his speedy execution in all his services as the Postes in the Roman times were Pterophori and wore feathers to signifie their flying post-haste But the tradition is that hee wonne them at the battell of Poitiers whereunto hee adioyned this olde English word IC DEN that is I serve according to that of the Apostle The heire while he is a childe differeth nothing from a servant These feathers were an anâ—ent ornament of militarie men as is evident by that of Virgil Cuius olorina surgunt de vertice pennae And were vsed by this Prince before the time of Canoy Chan the Tartarian who because his life was saved by an Owle would have his people weare their feathers from whome Haithon fableth that the people of Iurope received first the vse of feathers Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster brother to this Prince tooke a red Rose to his devise as it were by right of his first wise the heire of Lancaster as Edmund of Langley Duke of Yorke tooke the white Rose Before these two brethren tooke these two Roses which the fautors and followers of their heires after bare in that pittifull distraction of England betweene the families of Lancaster and York a white Rose-tree at Longleete bare vpon one branch a faire white rose on the one side and as faire a red rose on the other which might as well have beene a fore-token of that division as the white henne with the bay sprigge lighting in the lap of Livia Augusta betokened the Empire to her posteritie which ended in Nero when both the brood of that hen failed and the baies of that sprigge withered The said Edmund of Langley bare also for an Imprese a Faulcon in a fetter-locke implying that he was locked vp from all hope and possibility of the Kingdome when his brethren beganne to aspire therevnto Wherevpon he asked on a time his sonnes when he saw them beholding this devise set vp in a window what was Latine for a fetter-locke Whereat when the yong gentleman studied the father said well then you cannot tell me I will tell you Hic haec hoc taceaâ—s as advising them to be silent and quiet and therewithall said Yet God knoweth what may come to passe heereafter This his great Grandchilde King Edward the fourth reported when he commanded that his yonger sonne Richard Duke of Yorke should vse this devise with the fetter-locke opened as Roger Wall an Herald of that time reporteth King Richard the second whose vntrained youth and yeelding lenitie hastened his fall vsed commonly a white Hart couchant with a crowne and chaine about his â—â—cke For wearing the which soone after his deposition lost their lives He also vsed a pescod branch with the cods open but the pease out as it is vpon his Robe in his Monument at Westminster His wife Anne sister to Wenceslaus the Emperour bare an Ostrich with a naile in his beake King Henry the fourth as it is in Maister Garters booke vsâ—d onely a Fox tayled pendent following lysanders advise if the Lions skin were too short to peece it out with a Foxes case His halfe brethren surnamed Beausort of their natall place who after were dukes of Sâ—mmerset c. bare a port-cullis golde wherevnto not long afterward was added this word ALTERA SLCVRITAS And not long since by the Earles of Worcester issued from them MVTARE AVT TIMERE SPâ—RNO His yonger sonne Humfrey Duke of Glocester a noble fautor of good letters baâ—e in that respect a Laurell branch in a golden cup. That most martiall Prince King Henry the fift carried a burnâ—ng Cresset sometime a Beacon and for his word but not appropriate therevnto VNE SANS PLVS One and no more King Henry the sixt had two feathers in saltire King Edward the fourth bare his white Rose the fetter-locke before specified and the sunne after the battell of Mortimers crosse where three Sunnes were seene immâ—diately conioyning in one King Richard the third bare a white Boare which gave occâ—sion to the ryme that cost the maker his life The Cat the Rat and Lovell the Dog Rule all England vnder an Hog King Henry the seaventh in respect of his descent from the house of Summerset vsed the Portcullis before mentioned and in respect of the vnion of the two houses of Lancaster and Yorke by his marriage the white Rose vnited with the red sometime placed in the Sunne And in respect he was crowned in the field with King Richards crowne found in an hawtherne bush hee bare the hawthorne bush with the crowne in it with this he filled the windowes at Richmond and his Chappell at Westminster His wife Queene Elizabeth had a white and red rose knit together His mother Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmond had three white Dasies growing vpon a turfe When king Henry the eight beganne his raigne the English wits beganne to imitate the French and Italian in these devises adding the Mots First king Henry himselfe at the interview betweene him and king Francis the first whereat also Charles the fift was present vsed for his Impresse an English Archer in a greene coat drawing his arrow to the head with this inscription CVI ADHAEREO PRAEEST whenas at that time those mighty Princes banding one against the other wrought him for their owne particular His wife Queene Anne a happy mother of Englands happines by her most happy daughter bare a white crowned Faulcon holding a Scepter in her right talon standing vpon a golden truncke out of the which sprowted both white and red roses with MIHI ET MEAE To the honour of Queene Iane who died willingly to save her childe King Edwarde was devised after her death a Phaenix in his funerall fire with this Motte NASCATVR VT ALTER King Edward the sixt bare as the Blacke Prince three feathers in a crowne while his father survived as Prince of Wales with IC DEN. Queene Mary when she was Princesse of Wales vsed both a red and white Rose and a Pomegranate knitte together to shew her descent from Laâ—caster Yorke and Spaine When she