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example_n of_o many_o &_o diverse_a place_n of_o wales_n wherefore_o when_o i_o perceive_v that_o this_o place_n be_v within_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o siluri_n &_o the_o ordovici_fw-la for_o it_o be_v scarce_o two_o mile_n distant_a from_o colun_n or_o clun_n castle_n which_o be_v castle_n the_o patrimony_n &_o inheritance_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n of_o fytz_n alane_n in_o england_n &_o that_o it_o so_o agree_v in_o all_o point_n with_o the_o description_n of_o tacitê°_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v want_v i_o dare_v bold_o affirm_v that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a self_n same_o place_n in_o which_o ostorius_n contend_v with_o cataracus_n in_o battle_n &_o vanquish_v he_o from_o whence_o fly_v &_o put_v himself_o in_o trust_n to_o the_o faith_n &_o creditie_n of_o cartimandua_n the_o queen_n of_o brigant_n be_v by_o she_o betray_v moreover_o that_o name_n of_o cataracus_n be_v at_o this_o day_n so_o peculiar_a to_o the_o welshman_n that_o many_o prince_n &_o noble_a man_n be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n among_o who_o at_o that_o time_n trahernus_n the_o son_n of_o caradoc_n rule_v north-wales_n fleanchus_n as_o the_o scot_n say_v son_n to_o banguho_fw-it after_o that_o king_n macabaeus_fw-la have_v slay_v his_o father_n by_o flight_n escape_v into_o wales_n on_o who_o daughter_n by_o secret_a access_n but_o infortunate_a and_o miserable_a to_o the_o parent_n he_o beget_v walter_n who_o be_v the_o first_o of_o stuarts_n the_o stuarts_n in_o scotland_n that_o be_v of_o renoun_n from_o who_o unto_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o scotland_n do_v vaunt_v themselves_o to_o have_v descend_v but_o i_o suppose_v it_o more_o likely_a that_o he_o who_o they_o report_v to_o be_v the_o nephew_n of_o trahernus_n the_o scot_n bear_v of_o his_o daughter_n and_o his_o father_n a_o scot_n in_o north-wales_n a_o thing_n much_o disagree_v from_o the_o truth_n rather_o to_o be_v one_o of_o trahernus_n own_o child_n which_o by_o gryffine_fw-la son_n unto_o conane_n together_o with_o caradoc_n gryffine_fw-la and_o meylere_a rywallon_n son_n be_v vanquish_v and_o slay_v and_o that_o this_o walter_n escape_v by_o flight_n into_o scotland_n and_o there_o attain_a to_o great_a honour_n and_o this_o can_v be_v no_o great_a fraud_n or_o disgrace_a to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o stuarts_n that_o they_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o antique_a british_a king_n from_o which_o also_o most_o honourable_a family_n the_o same_o owen_n tuder_n grandfather_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n lineal_o descend_v by_o the_o father_n side_n as_o we_o will_v declare_v in_o our_o description_n of_o wales_n and_o not_o from_o any_o mean_a or_o base_a degree_n as_o false_a and_o impudent_a meyerus_n a_o fleming_n stick_v not_o to_o affirm_v now_o that_o we_o have_v scotland_n wander_v over_o all_o england_n call_v lhoegr_n let_v we_o next_o in_o order_fw-fr proceed_v to_o the_o second_o region_n of_o britain_n which_o of_o our_o countryman_n be_v call_v albania_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n scotland_n this_o same_o in_o oldâ—_n time_n be_v of_o the_o roman_n call_v the_o second_o britain_n for_o sextus_n ruffus_n recite_v five_o province_n of_o britain_n maxima_fw-la caesariensis_n caesariensis_n which_o i_o do_v take_v to_o be_v that_o part_n of_o britain_n which_o by_o julius_n caesar_n be_v make_v tributary_n to_o the_o roman_n to_o wit_n kent_n the_o kingdom_n of_o southsaxons_n and_o the_o region_n of_o atrabates_n the_o second_o be_v flavia_n which_o by_o like_a conjecture_n be_v thereto_o move_v i_o suppose_v to_o be_v that_o which_o by_o vespasian_n who_o descend_v of_o the_o family_n flavia_n be_v by_o he_o set_v upon_o and_o subdue_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n which_o afterward_o be_v make_v part_n of_o the_o westsaxons_n king_n doom_n the_o third_o i_o judge_v to_o have_v be_v term_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o first_o britain_n which_o lie_v forth_o from_o the_o thames_n to_o the_o valley_n or_o trench_n the_o four_o be_v the_o less_o and_o the_o second_o britain_n comprise_v scotland_n it_o remain_v then_o of_o necessity_n that_o wales_n be_v contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o valentia_n which_o make_v up_o the_o five_o province_n howbeit_o ammianus_n write_v that_o that_o province_n which_o by_o theodosius_n captain_n to_o valentinia_n vâ—lentia_n be_v take_v when_o he_o have_v drive_v thence_o the_o redshank_n and_o scot_n be_v then_o of_o the_o emperor_n name_n call_v valentia_n and_o that_o the_o britain_n inhabit_v these_o province_n both_o our_o own_o and_o the_o roman_a writer_n have_v leave_v in_o memory_n neither_o be_v there_o â—uer_o any_o writer_n of_o name_n that_o make_v mention_n either_o of_o scot_n or_o redshank_n before_o vespasians_n time_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n incarnation_n threescore_o and_o twelve_o at_o what_o time_n meurigus_n or_o maus_n or_o aruiragus_n reign_v in_o britain_n for_o our_o chronicle_n do_v report_n of_o a_o nation_n which_o live_v by_o piracy_n &_o rove_a on_o the_o sea_n come_n forth_o of_o suevia_n or_o norway_n have_v one_o rhythercus_fw-la to_o their_o captain_n and_o land_v in_o albania_n waste_v all_o the_o country_n with_o rob_n and_o spoil_a so_o far_o as_o caerleyl_n where_o he_o be_v discomfit_v and_o slay_v by_o meurigus_n &_o a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n also_o &_o those_o which_o escape_v flee_v to_o their_o ship_n and_o so_o convey_v themselves_o into_o the_o orchades_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o scotland_n where_o they_o quiet_o abide_v a_o great_a while_n they_o call_v they_o phichtiaid_n that_o be_v to_o say_v phichtiani_fw-la in_o their_o mother_n tongue_n and_o so_o be_v they_o likewise_o call_v in_o the_o scottish_a and_o in_o their_o own_o tongue_n wherefore_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o they_o be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o roman_n for_o paint_v of_o their_o body_n since_o they_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n before_o that_o they_o be_v ever_o know_v to_o the_o latin_n neither_o be_v they_o these_o but_o the_o britain_n of_o who_o caesar_n and_o other_o do_v report_n that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o paint_v their_o body_n blow_v with_o woad_n that_o they_o may_v appear_v the_o more_o terrible_a to_o their_o enemy_n and_o with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n which_o seem_v to_o argue_v antiquity_n blow_v couâ—er_n be_v call_v glass_n by_o â—â—as_fw-la which_o name_n also_o that_o herb_n not_o altogether_o unlike_o a_o plantain_n very_o well_o know_v now_o to_o merchant_n be_v call_v beside_o all_o this_o the_o roman_n which_o first_o make_v mention_n of_o this_o people_n term_v they_o not_o picti_n but_o pictones_n these_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o after_o that_o they_o have_v take_v heart_n of_o grass_n and_o be_v grow_v to_o some_o power_n out_o of_o these_o island_n in_o their_o little_a leathern_a boat_n such_o as_o our_o fisherman_n do_v use_v now_o a_o day_n along_o scotland_n be_v want_v to_o rob_v and_o spâ—yie_a shepherd_n and_o husbandman_n until_o that_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 290._o when_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n be_v both_o encumber_v with_o civil_a war_n for_o the_o purple_a robe_n which_o carausius_n wear_v and_o after_o he_o alectus_n they_o enter_v general_o into_o cathanesia_n and_o caledonia_n and_o drive_v thence_o the_o british_a shepherd_n and_o herdsman_n and_o calling_n unto_o they_o the_o gatheli_n out_o of_o ireland_n which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o scot_n be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o provoke_v the_o britain_n in_o open_a war_n for_o the_o scot_n come_v of_o the_o irish_a brood_n as_o they_o themselves_o original_a and_o other_o do_v know_v very_o well_o and_o be_v term_v amongst_o our_o countryman_n by_o the_o same_o name_n to_o wit_n gwydhyl_v which_o as_o their_o own_o history_n do_v testify_v be_v the_o most_o ancient_a name_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o that_o the_o same_o nation_n come_v forth_o of_o cantabria_n now_o biscaya_n &_o pass_v over_o the_o sea_n into_o ireland_n and_o there_o choose_v they_o a_o place_n of_o abode_n both_o we_o and_o their_o own_o writer_n have_v leave_v in_o memory_n but_o by_o what_o cause_n or_o occasion_n they_o be_v call_v scot_n true_o i_o do_v not_o know_v for_o i_o do_v quite_o reject_v the_o egyptian_a fable_n of_o scota_n and_o the_o scota_fw-la self_n same_o language_n and_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n and_o behaviour_n with_o the_o irishman_n and_o that_o they_o be_v call_v of_o the_o britain_n by_o one_o name_n declare_v sufficient_o that_o they_o come_v from_o thence_o for_o the_o southernman_n of_o they_o be_v not_o true_a scot_n but_o bear_v and_o beget_v rather_o of_o englishman_n whereof_o a_o great_a number_a fly_v at_o the_o come_v of_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n depart_v into_o scotlan_n and_o do_v boast_n to_o this_o day_n that_o
be_v part_v into_o twain_o whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v scordisci_n and_o brenni_n dwell_v in_o hungarye_n the_o other_o by_o the_o name_n of_o brenni_n possess_v part_n of_o the_o alps_n by_o the_o mount_n brennerus_fw-la in_o tirolensis_fw-la shire_n who_o appianus_n call_v all_o by_o the_o name_n of_o cymbri_n which_o do_v all_o show_n that_o they_o be_v britain_n for_o bathynad_n in_o our_o country_n language_n signify_v a_o form_a judge_n for_o bath_n be_v beauty_n or_o form_n ynad_n with_o we_o be_v a_o judge_n in_o authority_n next_o to_o the_o king_n for_o when_o brennus_n be_v dead_a they_o choose_v he_o to_o their_o captain_n far_o yscar_n with_o we_o be_v to_o separate_v &_o yscaredic_n signify_v those_o which_o be_v separate_v where_o of_o this_o part_n of_o france_n when_o it_o depart_v from_o the_o residue_n be_v term_v yscaredic_n from_o whence_o scordisci_n be_v derive_v retain_v the_o name_n of_o brennus_n captain_n and_o brynn_n in_o british_a be_v a_o mountain_n or_o hill_n of_o which_o word_n brynnerus_fw-la be_v so_o call_v over_o and_o beside_o this_o gatheli_n or_o the_o irishman_n when_o as_o about_o this_o time_n they_o depart_v out_o of_o cantabria_n now_o biscay_n wander_v upon_o the_o sea_n to_o seek_v new_a dwelling_n call_v all_o britain_n brennach_n of_o brennus_n their_o famous_a captain_n by_o which_o name_n they_o call_v our_o countryman_n to_o this_o day_n and_o thus_o much_o suffice_v to_o have_v say_v of_o brennus_n but_o whereas_o some_o affirm_v that_o the_o frenchman_n use_v the_o british_a tongue_n by_o certain_a french_a word_n cite_v by_o rhenanus_fw-la sidonius_n and_o lazius_n it_o appear_v to_o be_v most_o false_a notwithstanding_o france_n i_o can_v not_o sufficient_o marvel_v that_o of_o the_o tongue_n of_o this_o most_o mighty_a nation_n who_o bound_n be_v comprise_v by_o the_o rhine_n the_o pyrenei_n mount_n appeninus_n and_o the_o ocean_n there_o be_v almost_o no_o show_n or_o token_n to_o be_v find_v remain_v and_o that_o it_o be_v most_o ancient_a it_o appear_v out_o of_o berosus_n annius_n giambularius_fw-la and_o postellus_n whereby_o gallia_n gallia_n now_o france_n be_v so_o call_v of_o rain_n which_o the_o hebrew_n call_v galliard_n and_o the_o britain_n glaw_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v berayn_v or_o overslow_v by_o the_o deluge_n notwithstanding_o the_o spayniard_n spayniarde_n although_o they_o be_v afflict_v by_o the_o roman_n the_o catti_n the_o alani_n the_o vandali_n the_o goth_n the_o suevi_fw-la and_o mauri_n or_o moor_n yet_o in_o cantabria_n call_v now_o biscay_n and_o asthuria_n â–ª_o for_o these_o be_v only_o the_o very_a true_a spaniard_n and_o hiberi_n they_o have_v preserve_v their_o ancient_a speech_n for_o that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v the_o spanish_a tongue_n be_v but_o a_o medley_n make_v out_o of_o the_o latin_a gothish_n and_o arabic_a but_o let_v we_o omit_v all_o these_o thing_n and_o return_v again_o unto_o our_o cambria_n call_v wales_n which_o we_o in_o our_o mother_n tongue_n do_v term_n cymbri_n this_o more_o than_o four_o hundred_o year_n since_o as_o gyraldus_n have_v very_o well_o note_v the_o englishman_n after_o the_o fashion_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o german_n have_v call_v wallia_fw-la that_o be_v wales_n for_o when_o the_o ancient_a almain_n have_v sometime_o join_v next_o unto_o they_o of_o foreigner_n the_o frenchman_n who_o they_o call_v walli_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o afterward_o they_o call_v all_o stranger_n and_o those_o which_o dwell_v in_o other_o province_n walli_n and_o wallisei_n like_o as_o at_o this_o present_a as_o well_o frenchmen_n as_o italian_n and_o burgundians_n welsh_a they_o call_v walli_n &_o all_o thing_n that_o come_v forth_o of_o strange_a country_n walshe_n this_o country_n i_o say_v which_o that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o gyraldus_n by_o a_o false_a name_n yet_o most_o frequent_v at_o these_o day_n but_o less_o proper_a be_v call_v wallia_fw-la wales_n contain_v in_o length_n two_o hundred_o mile_n and_o about_o one_o hundred_o in_o breadth_n for_o it_o reach_v in_o length_n from_o the_o haven_n gordwr_n in_o mona_n call_v anglysey_n unto_o the_o haven_n eskewyn_n in_o venta_n eight_o day_n journey_n in_o breadth_n from_o porth_n mawr_z that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o great_a haven_n of_o menevia_fw-la unto_o rhyd_n helig_v which_o the_o britain_n call_v vadum_fw-la salicis_fw-la the_o englishman_n wyllowford_n about_o four_o day_n journey_n a_o land_n much_o abound_v and_o very_o well_o fortify_v with_o high_a mountain_n low_a ualleye_n great_a wood_n waters_n â–ª_o &_o fen_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o from_o time_n the_o saxon_n first_o usurp_v this_o island_n the_o residue_n of_o the_o britain_n which_o depart_v into_o those_o coast_n neither_o by_o the_o englishman_n long_o ago_o neither_o since_o by_o the_o norman_n can_v be_v altogether_o subdue_v as_o for_o those_o which_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o south_n corner_n which_o of_o their_o captain_n name_n be_v call_v conavia_n because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o well_o defense_v be_v not_o able_a to_o resist_v for_o the_o thyrd_o part_n of_o the_o britain_n which_o do_v now_o remain_v possess_v the_o southerly_a sea_n coast_n of_o france_n a_o singular_a good_a country_n be_v not_o translate_v thither_o after_o the_o destruction_n &_o conquest_n of_o britain_n but_o long_o ever_o that_o by_o maximus_n the_o tyrant_n who_o after_o many_o sharp_a battle_n which_o the_o british_a youth_n sustain_v under_o he_o during_o those_o war_n be_v with_o this_o farthermoste_a shore_n of_o france_n reward_v by_o the_o emperor_n liberality_n thus_o far_o gyraldus_n this_o country_n sometime_o be_v inhabit_v only_o by_o the_o britain_n but_o after_o ward_v the_o englishman_n begin_v to_o possess_v it_o unto_o offas_n ditch_n against_o who_o the_o welshman_n make_v infinite_a war_n until_o the_o come_v of_o william_n the_o norman_a under_o who_o son_n henry_n the_o fleming_n be_v then_o drive_v out_o of_o their_o country_n by_o break_v in_o of_o the_o sea_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o possession_n of_o rosse_n a_o province_n of_o demetia_n who_o in_o many_o war_n be_v provoke_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o always_o valiant_o defend_v themselves_o and_o they_o and_o at_o this_o day_n differ_v from_o the_o welshman_n in_o tongue_n and_o manner_n be_v yet_o in_o the_o same_o place_n recompt_v for_o fleming_n the_o king_n of_o england_n especial_o henry_n the_o first_o the_o second_a and_o three_o of_o that_o name_n calling_n unto_o they_o the_o scot_n irishman_n and_o cantabre_n gascon_n do_v very_o much_o provoke_v and_o molest_v this_o nation_n with_o continual_a war_n but_o the_o welshman_n be_v divide_v under_o three_o king_n who_o they_o call_v prince_n which_o be_v the_o very_a cause_n of_o their_o destruction_n defend_v themselves_o and_o their_o own_o stout_o howbeit_o certain_a region_n of_o south_n wales_n as_o rosse_n gla_n morgan_n wenta_n brechnocke_n and_o part_n of_o powy_n by_o robert_n son_n to_o hammon_n and_o certain_a glocestre_n worthy_a earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o brussij_fw-la the_o bohune_n brian_n gylford_n adam_n of_o newmercate_a but_o special_o by_o roger_n mountgomery_n and_o his_o son_n hago_n which_o be_v slay_v in_o anglysey_n robert_n of_o belisine_n and_o arnulph_n which_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o penbroke_n and_o the_o fytzalane_n lord_n of_o oswastrey_n &_o clun_n be_v quell_v and_o tame_v in_o many_o battle_n &_o come_v into_o the_o right_n &_o possession_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o gwynedh_n although_o that_o part_n thereof_o which_o lie_v on_o this_o side_n conway_n be_v first_o weaken_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n &_o afterward_o by_o the_o forename_a king_n which_o at_o the_o river_n cluda_n sundry_a time_n waste_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n nontwithstand_v after_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o king_n they_o drive_v the_o englishman_n thence_o and_o race_v their_o castle_n down_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o always_o defend_v their_o bound_n until_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n a_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o fourscore_o &_o two_o edward_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n 1._o lead_v a_o mighty_a army_n against_o prince_n lewâ—lyn_n and_o a_o other_o arrive_v in_o the_o i_o will_v of_o anglyâ—ey_n and_o vanquishing_n the_o same_o from_o whence_o they_o enter_v into_o aruon_n a_o region_n exceed_o well_o fortify_v by_o natural_a situation_n by_o a_o bridge_n make_v of_o boat_n in_o the_o very_a same_o place_n where_o sometime_o agricola_n lead_v over_o his_o soldier_n where_o the_o two_o army_n join_v together_o vanquish_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o the_o gascon_n and_o biernes_n with_o diverse_a other_o noble_a man_n &_o bring_v they_o in_o subjection_n to_o the_o englishman_n when_o as_o also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n his_o three_o army_n under_o the_o earl_n of_o glocestâ—e_n and_o roger_n martumar_n sack_v and_o spoil_v southwales_n be_v
inheritance_n unto_o a_o woman_n call_v havisia_n who_o be_v marry_v unto_o one_o carleton_n a_o englishman_n make_v he_o lord_n of_o powis_n from_o which_o house_n at_o length_n it_o descend_v unto_o the_o gray_n in_o the_o north._n next_o unto_o that_o stand_v cadevenna_n a_o new_a town_n above_o who_o towards_o the_o rise_n of_o severn_n be_v arwistle_n and_o lhanidlos_n country_n well_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o town_n and_o more_o by_o west_n and_o by_o north_n at_o the_o head_n of_o devey_n mouthuy_n now_o a_o portion_n of_o merionedh_n &_o kefelioc_n know_v by_o the_o town_n machaulhaith_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o severn_n beneath_o the_o region_n kerey_n there_o be_v a_o castle_n by_o a_o little_a town_n which_o welshman_n call_v trefaldwyn_n that_o be_v to_o say_v baldwyne_n town_n but_o the_o englishman_n term_v it_o mountgomer_n montgomery_n of_o the_o builder_n roger_n of_o mont_n gomer_n from_o this_o town_n all_o these_o region_n be_v join_v together_o be_v call_v montgomershyre_n a_o country_n brood_a sometime_o of_o noble_a horse_n now_o it_o send_v forth_o but_o few_o and_o by_o the_o forename_a roger_n and_o his_o son_n very_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a gentleman_n very_o sore_o afflict_v until_o that_o robert_n be_v accuse_v of_o high_a treason_n be_v enforce_v to_o fly_v his_o country_n the_o region_n be_v hilly_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o plentifulness_n of_o pasture_n very_o good_a for_o grasinge_v of_o cattle_n abound_v with_o many_o water_n and_o bring_a forth_o tall_a man_n very_o well_o favour_v much_o addict_v unto_o idleness_n and_o unprofitable_a game_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o you_o shall_v find_v many_o rich_a english_a farmer_n amongst_o they_o when_o as_o the_o landelordes_n themselves_o which_o will_v take_v no_o pain_n do_v become_v very_o poor_a these_o six_o shire_n namely_o anglysey_n aruon_n merionydh_n denbyghshyre_n fluitense_n and_o montgomershyre_n englishmen_n comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o north-wales_n there_o remain_v yet_o that_o part_n of_o powis_n which_o stretch_v sometime_o unto_o wey_n who_o first_o region_n take_v name_n of_o the_o river_n colunwy_n and_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o fitzalane_n next_o to_o melienyth_n and_o gurttrenion_n hilly_a country_n and_o at_o the_o south_n radenor_n call_v of_o the_o welshman_n maisifod_n head_n of_o the_o shire_n join_v unto_o these_o be_v the_o eluil_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o pain_n by_o wey_n which_o our_o country_n man_n call_v gwy_a beyond_o all_o these_o be_v prestene_n which_o we_o call_v s._n andrew_n prestenia_n church_n and_o kynton_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o huntingdon_n and_o upon_o themis_n of_o we_o call_v tefedioc_fw-la â–ª_o stand_v the_o fair_a town_n &_o castle_n of_o ludlaw_n in_o schreupshyre_n ludlaw_n in_o old_a time_n call_v dinav_n the_o work_n of_o roger_n montgomer_n and_o above_o that_o the_o castle_n of_o wigmore_n the_o patrimony_n of_o caâ—â—le_a the_o mortumar_n and_o at_o severn_n bridgenorth_n &_o beaude_o in_o old_a time_n very_o well_o know_v by_o the_o castle_n tyrhil_n â–ª_o and_o on_o the_o southwest_n side_n upon_o logus_fw-la which_o we_o call_v lhygwy_a on_o a_o pass_a fertile_a plain_n stand_v lhanlhieni_fw-la of_o the_o englishman_n lemstre_n and_o not_o far_o thence_o be_v the_o ancient_a city_n henfford_n that_o be_v to_o sayâ—_n a_o old_a way_n of_o englishman_n in_o old_a time_n call_v ferleg_n now_o hereford_n stand_a upon_o wey_n or_o more_o true_o upon_o gwy_n towards_o severn_n be_v maluern_n hill_n and_o in_o the_o very_a corner_n between_o severn_n and_o weigh_v not_o far_o from_o the_o town_n of_o rosse_n be_v that_o renown_a wood_n which_o of_o the_o dane_n be_v call_v the_o forest_n of_o deane_n these_o region_n with_o all_o herefordshyre_n beyond_o wey_n before_o they_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o englishman_n in_o old_a time_n be_v term_v in_o british_a euryeynnwc_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n eurnwyr_n of_o which_o name_n there_o remain_v yet_o some_o signification_n apparent_a in_o one_o place_n of_o herefordshire_n for_o that_o which_o the_o englishman_n call_v vrchenfeld_n the_o welshman_n call_v ergnig_n and_o afterward_o ergengel_n and_o no_o marvel_n since_o the_o least_o portion_n thereof_o retain_v now_o as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o name_n of_o powis_n there_o remain_v the_o thyrd_o kyngkingedome_n dehubarth_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a call_v southwales_n of_o our_o countryman_n which_o inhabit_v the_o land_n deheubarth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o right_a or_o south_n part_n for_o so_o we_o use_v to_o term_v the_o south_n the_o same_o be_v whole_o compass_v with_o the_o irish_a sea_n the_o stream_n of_o severn_n and_o the_o river_n weigh_v and_o dyvei_n and_o although_o the_o country_n be_v very_o fertile_a &_o the_o land_n rich_a and_o far_o more_o big_a than_o gwynedh_n notwithstanding_o as_o gyraldus_n say_v it_o be_v count_v the_o d_o and_o that_o not_o only_o because_o vchelwyr_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o nobly_a &_o chief_a man_n refuse_v to_o obey_v their_o king_n but_o also_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n coast_n thereof_o be_v continual_o molest_v by_o the_o englishman_n norman_n &_o fleming_n whereby_o the_o prince_n be_v compel_v to_o forsake_v caer_fw-mi mardthyn_a his_o seat_n and_o to_o apoyncte_n the_o principal_a place_n of_o his_o regality_n at_o dinefur_n in_o cantremawr_n and_o although_o these_o prince_n be_v of_o great_a authority_n in_o wales_n yet_o after_o that_o rhesus_n the_o son_n rhesus_n of_o theodore_n the_o great_a be_v slay_v through_o the_o treason_n of_o his_o own_o man_n they_o be_v no_o long_o term_v duke_n nor_o prince_n but_o arglwydhi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v lord_n until_o at_o length_n through_o civil_a war_n by_o divide_v of_o their_o land_n amongst_o many_o and_o also_o by_o external_a while_o the_o englishman_n endeavour_v to_o possess_v all_o by_o force_n and_o craft_n they_o be_v so_o weaken_v that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o rhesus_n the_o son_n of_o griffith_n a_o very_a noble_a and_o valiant_a gentleman_n they_o lose_v both_o the_o authority_n and_o name_n of_o prince_n and_o lord_n now_o let_v we_o descend_v unto_o the_o description_n of_o the_o province_n whereof_o the_o first_o region_n which_o come_v to_o hand_n be_v that_o which_o gyraldus_n call_v ceretica_n our_o countryman_n ceredigion_n the_o englishman_n cardigan_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v cardigan_n as_o in_o all_o other_o that_o c_o and_o g_z have_v the_o force_n of_o cappa_fw-la &_o gamma_n this_o region_n on_o the_o north_n have_v the_o irish_a sea_n on_o the_o east_n the_o river_n dyvei_n whereby_o it_o be_v deviue_v from_o gwynedh_n &_o towards_o powis_n very_o high_a hill_n on_o the_o south_n caermyrthyn_n and_o on_o the_o west_n dyfetia_n their_o tongue_n as_o gyraldus_n affirm_v tongue_n be_v esteem_v the_o fine_a of_o all_o the_o other_o people_n of_o wales_n and_o gwynedh_n the_o pure_a with_o out_o permixtion_n come_v near_a unto_o ancient_a british_a but_o the_o southern_a most_o rude_a &_o course_v because_o it_o have_v great_a affinity_n with_o strange_a tongue_n the_o sea_n coast_n of_o this_o part_n richard_n clarens_n clarens_n a_o very_a noble_a man_n come_n in_o with_o a_o navy_n and_o build_v castle_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o teifi_n and_o vstwyth_n possess_v it_o for_o his_o own_o and_o leave_v garrison_n there_o return_v into_o england_n but_o when_o he_o understand_v that_o his_o man_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o welshman_n be_v bolden_v by_o his_o great_a power_n he_o intend_v by_o a_o over_o rash_a enterprise_n to_o go_v aid_v they_o by_o land_n but_o at_o coed_n gronus_fw-la not_o far_o from_o abergeveni_fw-la he_o be_v slay_v with_o all_o his_o army_n by_o jerwerthus_fw-la of_o caërlheon_n and_o so_o those_o fort_n return_v again_o unto_o their_o old_a lord_n i_o suppose_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o ystwyth_n be_v of_o ptolomaeus_n call_v rotossa_n and_o tibium_fw-la abertius_fw-la but_o that_o through_o negligence_n of_o the_o transcriber_n they_o be_v confound_v into_o one_o not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n stand_v lhanpaternfawr_n that_o be_v the_o church_n of_o paternus_n the_o great_a which_o in_o old_a time_n be_v have_v in_o great_a veneration_n for_o welshman_n above_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v accustom_v to_o reverence_v church_n &_o attribute_v much_o honour_n unto_o ecclesiastical_a person_n for_o as_o gyraldus_n report_v they_o use_v not_o once_o to_o touch_v the_o most_o deadly_a foe_n they_o have_v and_o such_o as_o be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n if_o they_o escape_v unto_o the_o church_n yea_o not_o so_o much_o as_o their_o enemy_n cattle_n if_o they_o feed_v in_o any_o pasture_n or_o leazes_z which_o appertain_v unto_o the_o church_n moreover_o when_o they_o be_v arm_v and_o go_v unto_o battle_n if_o they_o fortune_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o priest_n on_o the_o way_n they_o will_v cast_v down_o their_o
weapon_n and_o require_v benediction_n with_o a_o stoop_a head_n in_o the_o same_o region_n be_v a_o place_n in_o which_o they_o say_v under_o dews_n foot_n who_o in_o lantine_n they_o call_v david_n david_n while_o he_o inveyh_v against_o the_o pelagian_n the_o earth_n bellow_v and_o rise_v up_o in_o a_o hill_n which_o they_o term_v lhandewybrevy_v in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o region_n be_v the_o principal_a town_n of_o the_o shire_n upon_o the_o river_n teify_v which_o we_o term_v aberteifi_n to_o say_v the_o mouth_n of_o teifus_fw-la the_o englishman_n call_v it_o cardigan_n this_o river_n only_o of_o all_o britain_n as_o gyraldus_n report_v abound_v with_o otter_n but_o now_o our_o countryman_n know_v not_o what_o they_o be_v the_o bare_a name_n which_o be_v auanc_n they_o take_v for_o a_o monster_n of_o the_o water_n pass_o forth_o along_o by_o the_o same_o sea_n coast_n there_o come_v unto_o our_o view_n a_o region_n of_o ancient_a time_n term_v of_o our_o countryman_n dyfe_v of_o ptolomaeus_n demetia_n for_o dynetia_n in_o english_a westwales_n and_o now_o penbrokeshyre_n the_o same_o reach_v from_o sea_n to_o sea_n the_o far_a promontory_n whereof_o ptolomaeus_n call_v octopitarum_n a_o little_a decline_v from_o the_o word_n pebidion_n by_o the_o northern_a ocean_n a_o long_o lie_v trefdraeth_n &_o aberguain_n &_o cilgaren_n within_o the_o main_n land_n &_o in_o the_o west_n angle_n be_v the_o bishop_n see_v of_o meneve_n sometime_o famous_a with_o a_o archbishop_n see_v for_o devi_fw-fr who_o be_v call_v david_n translate_v the_o archbishopprick_n from_o the_o city_n of_o legion_n where_o it_o be_v of_o antiquity_n into_o meneve_v afterwhome_fw-mi there_o sit_v there_o five_o &_o twenty_o archbishop_n who_o name_n be_v find_v in_o gyraldus_n the_o samson_n last_o whereof_o call_v samson_n in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o grevous_a plague_n of_o pestilence_n then_o reigning_a flee_v into_o armorica_n or_o the_o less_o britain_n with_o his_o pall_v where_o be_v choose_v bishop_n of_o dole_n he_o leave_v there_o his_o pall_v which_o his_o successor_n have_v enjoy_v unto_o this_o day_n before_o who_o the_o archbishop_n of_o turo_n have_v prevail_v but_o we_o by_o occasion_n of_o the_o saxon_a war_n and_o their_o own_o poverty_n lose_v their_o ancient_a dignity_n notwithstanding_o all_o bishop_n of_o wales_n be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o meneve_n and_o he_o of_o they_o as_o his_o suffragan_n until_o the_o day_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o when_o as_o bernhard_n be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cantorbury_n and_o use_v himself_o long_o time_n after_o as_o archbishop_n until_o in_o the_o end_n his_o action_n fall_v at_o rome_n this_o much_o gyraldus_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o bishop_n of_o meneve_v before_o morgenew_v which_o be_v the._n xxxiii_o from_o david_n that_o taste_v any_o flesh_n and_o he_o the_o very_a same_o night_n when_o he_o first_o taste_v flesh_n be_v slay_v by_o pirate_n this_o church_n have_v be_v very_o often_o spoil_v and_o destroy_v by_o english_a and_o danish_a pirate_n here_o in_o the_o valley_n rosea_fw-la be_v bear_v the_o great_a patrick_n who_o endue_v ireland_n with_o the_o patrick_n christian_a faith_n haverfordia_n which_o they_o call_v now_o west_n hereford_n be_v distant_a from_o this_o see_v xxi_o mile_n in_o old_a time_n call_v of_o the_o britain_n aberdaugleddaw_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o mouth_n of_o two_o sword_n for_o so_o the_o chief_a river_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o make_v any_o haven_n be_v term_v englishman_n call_v the_o same_o milford_n and_o some_o alaunicum_fw-la by_o the_o latin_a name_n the_o welshman_n call_v this_o town_n now_o hulphordh_n and_o the_o haven_n reserve_v his_o antique_a name_n upon_o the_o same_o crook_n or_o bosom_n stand_v benbrock_n head_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o work_n of_o arnulph_n montgomer_n which_o girarde_n of_o wyndelesour_n valiant_o defend_v against_o rhesus_n son_n to_o theodore_n and_o after_o that_o peace_n be_v establish_v as_o gyraldus_n report_v he_o take_v to_o wife_n nessa_n the_o daughter_n of_o thesus_n on_o who_o he_o beget_v worthy_a issue_n both_o male_a and_o female_a by_o who_o both_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o wales_n remain_v unto_o the_o englishman_n and_o the_o force_n of_o ireland_n be_v afterward_o vanquish_v at_o the_o south_n sea_n lie_v tenbigh_n as_o englishman_n term_v it_o but_o welshman_n dinbegh_n ypyscot_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n fish_v denbygh_a so_o denbygh_fw-mi call_v for_o difference_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o other_o which_o be_v in_o gwynedh_n this_o same_o part_n of_o demetia_n or_o dynetia_n be_v at_o this_o day_n possess_v and_o inhabit_v by_o fleming_n send_v thither_o by_o henry_n the_o first_o â–ª_o the_o people_n be_v stout_a and_o rough_a defend_v themselves_o and_o they_o valiant_o against_o the_o welshman_n â–ª_o and_o although_o many_o time_n especial_o by_o cadwallader_n conanus_fw-la and_o howell_n son_n of_o owaen_n prince_n of_o gwynedh_n and_o rhesus_n son_n to_o gryff_v of_o north-wales_n and_o last_o by_o leweline_n the_o great_a as_o parisiensis_fw-la term_v he_o who_o have_v in_o his_o army_n thirty_o thousand_o man_n they_o be_v almost_o destroy_v and_o slay_v yet_o have_v they_o always_o recover_v their_o strength_n again_o and_o unto_o this_o day_n be_v know_v from_o welshman_n by_o diversity_n of_o their_o manner_n and_o tongue_n the_o three_o province_n of_o southwales_n maridinia_n take_v name_n of_o maridunum_n a_o very_a ancient_a city_n whereof_o both_o latin_a and_o greek_a writer_n make_v mention_v by_o which_o name_n it_o be_v so_o call_v and_o know_v long_o before_o the_o birth_n of_o that_o very_a well_o learned_a man_n who_o the_o englishman_n corrupt_o call_v merlin_n but_o our_o countryman_n merdhin_a merlin_n neither_o do_v the_o city_n take_v name_n of_o he_o but_o he_o of_o that_o whereas_o he_o be_v bear_v we_o call_v the_o same_o caer_fw-mi frydâ—in_n by_o reason_n of_o propriety_n of_o the_o tongue_n whereby_o we_o change_v m_o into_o five_o the_o consonant_n for_o who_o our_o countryman_n do_v use_n fletcher_n in_o the_o castle_n &_o city_n of_o merdhyn_n that_o same_o ambrose_n who_o be_v bear_v of_o a_o noble_a virgin_n who_o father_n name_n be_v of_o purpose_n suppress_v for_o his_o pass_a skill_n in_o the_o mathematicals_n and_o wonderful_a knowledge_n in_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o learning_n be_v by_o the_o rude_a common_a people_n repute_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o incubus_n or_o a_o male_a devil_n which_o in_o similitude_n and_o likeness_n of_o man_n do_v use_v carnal_o to_o company_n with_o woman_n this_o town_n as_o gyraldus_n write_v be_v in_o old_a time_n compass_v round_o with_o a_o fair_a brickewall_n and_o upon_o the_o river_n clarus_n which_o ptolomaeus_n term_v tobius_n we_o towi_n be_v say_v that_o the_o king_n seat_n and_o palace_n of_o southwales_n be_v build_v until_o that_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o englishman_n after_o what_o time_n it_o be_v remove_v unto_o dynefur_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n a_o place_n very_o well_o fortify_a with_o wood_n and_o hill_n in_o this_o region_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o strong_a situation_n of_o place_n the_o prince_n of_o southwales_n make_v wellnigh_o their_o continual_a abode_n which_o be_v divide_v from_o ceretica_n by_o the_o river_n tifey_n by_o who_o side_n castle_n stand_v the_o noble_a castle_n of_o emlyn_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v environ_v with_o very_o high_a hill_n and_o with_o the_o sea._n towards_o the_o sea_n be_v catguilia_n now_o cydweili_n a_o country_n sometime_o possess_v by_o mauritius_n of_o london_n next_o who_o lie_v gwhir_n which_o join_v unto_o morgania_n with_o a_o town_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tawai_n of_o we_o abertawai_n of_o englishman_n call_v swansei_n morgania_n of_o englishmen_n glamorgan_n of_o we_o call_v morganwc_n and_o gwladforgan_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o country_n of_o morgan_n of_o one_o morgan_n morgan_n which_o be_v there_o slay_v by_o his_o aunt_n son_n cuneda_n who_o be_v king_n of_o lhoëgr_n more_o than_o two_o thousand_o year_n since_o so_o call_v it_o lie_v on_o the_o severn_n sea_n and_o be_v always_o wont_a to_o be_v rebellious_a against_o his_o prince_n wherefore_o when_o it_o refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o true_a and_o lawful_a prince_n by_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n punish_v which_o always_o revenge_v rebellion_n and_o treason_n it_o be_v enforce_v to_o come_v in_o servitude_n unto_o stranger_n for_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n one_o thousand_o fourscore_o and_o ten_o when_o jestinus_fw-la son_n to_o gurgantus_fw-la earl_n of_o morgania_n refuse_v to_o obey_v rhesus_n son_n to_o theodore_n prince_n of_o southwales_n and_o send_v aeneas_n son_n to_o cedivorus_fw-la sometime_o lord_n of_o demetia_n into_o england_n to_o take_v muster_n of_o soldier_n and_o there_o receive_v a_o great_a army_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o robert_n son_n
pass_v by_o good_a lord_n what_o a_o thing_n be_v this_o that_o always_o from_o some_o furthermost_a end_n of_o the_o world_n there_o come_v down_o new_a power_n from_o god_n to_o be_v worship_v of_o all_o the_o earth_n thus_o far_o he_o what_o of_o bonosus_n out_o of_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o bound_n of_o rheticus_n a_o bonosus_n more_o courageous_a then_o fortunate_a emperor_n what_o of_o carausius_n augustus_n carausius_n who_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o year_n together_o ware_z his_o princely_a robe_n contrary_a to_o the_o will_n of_o jovius_fw-la and_o herculius_n what_o of_o alectus_n caesar_n for_o subdue_v alectus_n who_o mamertinus_n seem_v to_o prefer_v maximianus_n before_o caesar_n julius_n who_o word_n i_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o allege_v and_o true_o say_v he_o &_o so_o forth_o after_o he_o spring_v the_o emperor_n maximus_n maximus_n a_o britain_n and_o nephew_n to_o helen_n a_o man_n both_o stout_a and_o virtuous_a and_o worthy_a of_o augustus_n but_o that_o in_o his_o youth_n lead_v a_o army_n against_o gratianus_n who_o he_o vanquish_v he_o have_v sack_v his_o country_n who_o by_o helen_n his_o wife_n daughter_n to_o euda_n leave_v his_o son_n victor_n emperor_n and_o as_o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la write_v bitayne_n also_o acknowledge_v marcus_n and_o gratianus_n the_o emperor_n moreover_o constantinus_n with_o his_o son_n constans_n when_o gratianus_n their_o countryman_n be_v slay_v be_v create_v emperor_n in_o britain_n in_o name_n like_o to_o the_o above_o say_v but_o not_o in_o happiness_n against_o who_o gerontius_n their_o captain_n of_o who_o death_n there_o be_v extant_a very_o ancient_a british_a rhyme_n make_v another_o maximus_n than_o the_o first_o be_v augustus_n and_o after_o all_o these_o ambrose_n aurelius_n be_v by_o panuinius_fw-la account_v the_o last_o emperor_n of_o the_o british_a blood_n beside_o these_o xij_o emperor_n britain_n have_v also_o bring_v forth_o to_o the_o world_n the_o most_o puissant_a and_o invincible_a arthure_n king_n arthur_n who_o everlasting_a renoun_n and_o most_o noble_a deed_n our_o friend_n master_n leland_n have_v set_v forth_o and_o make_v more_o apparent_a by_o infinite_a testimony_n and_o most_o weighty_a argument_n against_o the_o gnar_a and_o doggysh_a mouth_n and_o hatred_n more_o than_o ever_o be_v vatinians_n of_o polydorus_n urbine_n and_o of_o the_o greasy_a monk_n rhicuallensis_fw-la more_o conversant_a in_o the_o kitchen_n then_o in_o the_o history_n of_o old_a writer_n and_o not_o only_o our_o countryman_n but_o also_o spayniarde_n italian_n frenchman_n and_o the_o sueones_n beyond_o the_o sea_n baltheum_fw-la as_o gothus_n report_v out_o of_o their_o history_n do_v celebrate_v and_o advance_v unto_o this_o day_n in_o their_o book_n the_o worthy_a act_n of_o this_o puissant_a king_n caduanne_v also_o who_o from_o prince_n of_o gwynedh_n become_v king_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o his_o son_n cadwalla_n who_o bede_n call_v a_o tyrant_n because_o he_o persecute_v the_o saxon_n with_o cruel_a war_n whilst_o the_o british_a empire_n be_v in_o decay_v be_v valiant_a king_n and_o after_o the_o brityshe_a destruction_n there_o rise_v up_o noble_a gentleman_n in_o wales_n not_o to_o be_v debar_v of_o their_o due_a praise_n as_o roderick_n the_o great_a and_o his_o nephew_n by_o his_o great_a son_n howell_n surname_v good_a both_o famous_a as_o well_o in_o war_n as_o peace_n also_o gryffith_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelin_n the_o son_n of_o sesylâ—ius_n â–ª_o who_o most_o stout_o defend_v wales_n his_o native_a country_n and_o after_o he_o owayn_n prince_n of_o gwynedh_n who_o most_o hardly_o withstand_v at_o col_n henry_n the_o second_o the_o second_o most_o mighty_a king_n of_o all_o that_o ever_o reign_v in_o england_n thrice_o enter_a into_o wales_n with_o great_a army_n who_o son_n also_o he_o slow_a in_o anglysey_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n as_o gyraldus_n report_v and_o his_o nephew_n likewise_o bear_v of_o his_o son_n lewelyn_n the_o great_a who_o innumerable_a triumph_n that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o parisiensis_fw-la the_o englishman_n do_v require_v special_a treatise_n and_o not_o these_o only_o but_o also_o the_o cornishmen_n cornishmen_n be_v the_o remnant_n of_o the_o old_a britain_n as_o they_o be_v the_o stout_a of_o all_o the_o british_a nation_n so_o be_v they_o count_v to_o this_o day_n the_o most_o valiant_a in_o warlike_a affair_n neither_o yet_o the_o france_n briton_n which_o dwell_v nigh_o france_n a_o nation_n of_o the_o same_o brood_n do_v any_o whit_n degenerate_a from_o their_o forefather_n when_o as_o they_o â–ª_o do_v not_o only_o many_o hundred_o year_n prosperous_o defend_v among_o the_o thick_a of_o stout_a &_o sturdy_a nation_n those_o seat_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v with_o their_o manhood_n and_o prowess_n but_o also_o have_v vanquish_v the_o goth_n and_o frenchman_n in_o great_a battle_n and_o stout_o withstand_v the_o most_o mighty_a prince_n charles_n the_o main_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o army_n of_o his_o son_n lewes_n the_o emperor_n which_o be_v send_v against_o they_o under_o conduct_n of_o murmanus_fw-la overcome_v charles_n caluus_fw-la then_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o france_n in_o open_a fight_n twice_o vanquishing_n his_o army_n numenius_n be_v king_n the_o emperor_n privy_o fly_v thence_o leave_v there_o his_o pavilion_n and_o tent_n and_o all_o other_o his_o kinglike_a provision_n as_o regino_n write_v but_o herispous_a son_n to_o numenius_n compel_v the_o same_o charles_n to_o make_v shameful_a and_o dishonourable_a truce_n with_o he_o who_o solomon_n also_o son_n to_o herispous_a a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a gentleman_n enforce_v to_o retire_v back_o when_o he_o be_v come_v against_o he_o with_o a_o mighty_a army_n but_o when_o solomon_n be_v dead_a the_o dangerous_a briton_n through_o desire_n to_o reign_v and_o contention_n who_o shall_v next_o be_v king_n fall_v unto_o civil_a war_n among_o they_o self_n as_o sigisbertus_n say_v and_o so_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o leave_v of_o the_o destruction_n and_o over_o run_a of_o france_n which_o they_o have_v determine_v what_o shall_v i_o speak_v of_o the_o noble_a deed_n of_o vrfandus_fw-la a_o invincible_a captain_n haste_v against_o ha_a the_o norman_a and_o pastquitanus_fw-la the_o briton_n of_o judicaël_n also_o and_o alane_n who_o manful_o drive_v the_o norman_n out_o of_o their_o coast_n which_o pitiful_o waste_v and_o spoil_v all_o france_n what_o shall_v i_o need_v to_o touch_v such_o war_n as_o they_o make_v long_o after_o upon_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v therein_o aid_v by_o thâ—impregnable_a power_n of_o the_o englishman_n since_o it_o be_v well_o know_v to_o all_o man_n that_o it_o be_v always_o a_o most_o potent_a nation_n and_o that_o i_o may_v at_o length_n stop_v polydorus_n gyldas_n mouth_n together_o with_o his_o gyldas_n thus_o much_o i_o say_v that_o if_o he_o stick_v in_o any_o point_n unto_o he_o he_o be_v no_o historiographer_n but_o a_o priest_n and_o a_o preacher_n who_o custom_n be_v very_o sharp_o to_o inveigh_v against_o the_o fault_n of_o their_o hearer_n wherefore_o if_o we_o seek_v authority_n out_o of_o sermon_n as_o polydorus_n urbine_n have_v do_v what_o parish_n what_o town_n what_o nation_n or_o kingdom_n may_v escape_v infamy_n what_o have_v bernhard_n write_v of_o the_o roman_n thus_o sure_o term_v they_o impious_a unfaith_o full_a seditious_a dishonest_a traitorous_a great_a speaker_n but_o little_a doer_n these_o thing_n be_v by_o divine_n speak_v in_o the_o pulpit_n according_a unto_o their_o manner_n that_o the_o like_a fault_n may_v be_v amend_v and_o the_o life_n reform_v not_o that_o the_o roman_n or_o britain_n be_v such_o in_o deed_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o man_n unless_o he_o be_v a_o shameless_a sycophant_n that_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o all_o occasion_n to_o dispraise_v and_o accuse_v which_o will_v go_v about_o by_o wrest_a of_o sentence_n forth_o of_o the_o sermon_n of_o preacher_n sclaundrous_o to_o tax_v &_o infamous_o to_o note_v any_o whole_a covent_n shire_n city_n or_o people_n wherefore_o let_v such_o idle_a &_o ill_o dispose_v slanderer_n leave_v of_o and_o suffer_v the_o true_a renoun_n of_o britain_n appear_v to_o the_o world_n neither_o judge_v i_o good_a reader_n of_o two_o sharp_a a_o tongue_n see_v so_o god_n help_v i_o neither_o envy_n of_o any_o foreign_a name_n neither_o thirst_n of_o vain_a glory_n neither_o hatred_n of_o any_o nation_n but_o alone_a the_o love_n of_o my_o country_n which_o be_v evil_o speak_v of_o undeserved_o and_o desire_n to_o set_v forth_o the_o truth_n have_v provoke_v i_o to_o write_v thus_o much_o and_o touch_v this_o rude_a and_o disorder_v little_a treatise_n true_o i_o will_v not_o have_v suffer_v it_o to_o have_v come_v to_o light_n have_v i_o not_o well_o hope_v that_o all_o learned_a man_n will_v accept_v this_o my_o endeavour_n in_o good_a part_n and_o also_o take_v occasion_n by_o this_o
nothing_o trouble_v with_o hunger_n nor_o cold_a neither_o weary_a with_o martial_a affair_n neither_o fall_n into_o desperation_n by_o adversity_n but_o soon_o ready_a to_o rise_v up_o after_o a_o fall_n and_o press_v by_o and_o by_o again_o to_o assay_v the_o peril_n of_o war_n as_o in_o battle_n easy_a so_o in_o continuance_n of_o war_n hard_a to_o be_v overcome_v whereby_o claudianus_n seem_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n say_v if_o that_o their_o heart_n you_o let_v a_o while_n 2._o to_o rest_v so_o many_o slaughter_n they_o devoid_a of_o sense_n do_v seem_v to_o take_v and_o of_o small_a price_n the_o loss_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n to_o deem_v thus_o much_o he_o and_o more_o which_o short_o god_n willing_a shall_v be_v set_v forth_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o the_o land_n this_o land_n after_o the_o british_a destruction_n wales_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o region_n as_o i_o read_v of_o late_a in_o a_o very_a ancient_a book_n write_v of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n for_o say_v that_o book_n after_o that_o the_o saxon_n have_v vanquish_v the_o britain_n &_o obtain_v the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o crown_n of_o london_n all_o the_o people_n of_o wales_n assemble_v together_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n devey_v to_o choose_v a_o king_n and_o yno_o i_o doethant_a gwyr_n gwynedh_fw-mi à _fw-fr gwyr_n powy_n a_o gwyr_n deheubarth_n à _fw-fr reynnwc_n ac_fw-la esylluc_n à _fw-la morganuc_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v and_o thither_o come_v man_n of_o gwynedh_n and_o man_n of_o powy_n and_o man_n of_o deheubarth_n and_o of_o reynnucia_n and_o of_o syllucia_n and_o morgania_n &_o they_o choose_v maylgun_v who_o other_o call_v maclocunius_fw-la of_o â–ª_o gwynedh_n to_o be_v their_o king_n this_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n â—60_n howbeit_o afterward_o in_o the_o lamentable_a conflict_n against_o ethelfredus_n king_n of_o northumberland_n be_v recite_v the_o king_n of_o dynetia_n which_o false_o they_o call_v demetia_n of_o guenta_fw-la of_o powysia_n and_o of_o north-wales_n and_o in_o another_o place_n â—ention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o king_n of_o stra_n 〈…〉_o cluyde_v so_o that_o hereby_o it_o be_v easy_o 〈…〉_o ered_a that_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a 〈…〉_o ivers_n petikinge_n or_o earl_n unto_o rodericuâ—_n 〈…〉_o e_o of_o roderike_n the_o great_a who_z ob_fw-la 〈…〉_o the_o monarchy_n of_o all_o wales_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 843._o divide_v it_o into_o three_o part_n which_o he_o leave_v in_o possession_n of_o his_o three_o son_n for_o unto_o meruinius_fw-la as_o gyraldus_n term_v he_o to_o who_o i_o consent_v his_o elder_a son_n he_o give_v gwynedh_n to_o anaraudus_fw-la who_o some_o make_v the_o elder_a powy_n &_o to_o cadelhus_fw-la the_o young_a deheubarth_n and_o that_o i_o may_v use_v the_o word_n of_o gyldas_n southwales_n be_v allot_v to_o cadelhus_fw-la with_o the_o blessing_n and_o goodwill_n of_o all_o the_o people_n which_o they_o call_v deheubarth_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o right_a side_n which_o although_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v far_o the_o big_a notwithstanding_o by_o reason_n of_o noble_a man_n which_o in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n be_v call_v vchelwyr_n that_o be_v to_o say_v high_a man_n wherewith_o it_o abound_v which_o be_v wont_a to_o rebel_v against_o their_o lord_n &_o to_o defy_v they_o in_o armour_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o worse_a this_o division_n whilst_o their_o posterity_n contend_v among_o themselves_o in_o civil_a war_n and_o each_o of_o they_o alone_o with_o the_o englishman_n in_o external_a at_o last_o destroy_v the_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o kingdom_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v gwynedh_n englishmen_n north-wales_n &_o the_o latin_a writer_n corrupt_o venodotia_n have_v in_o venodotia_n ancient_a time_n these_o limit_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n side_n it_o have_v vergivium_fw-la or_o the_o irish_a ocean_n at_o the_o south-west_n and_o by_o south_n the_o river_n devye_fw-mi whereby_o it_o be_v cut_v of_o from_o southwales_n on_o the_o south_n and_o east_n side_n it_o be_v sever_v from_o powy_n and_o england_n with_o high_a hill_n and_o sometime_o with_o water_n unto_o the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi the_o same_o also_o be_v part_v into_o four_o region_n which_o contain_v fifteen_o cantredi_n which_o signify_v a_o hundred_o village_n the_o principal_a of_o these_o region_n be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o anglysey_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o another_o place_n &_o in_o the_o same_o be_v a_o king_n palace_n the_o seat_n of_o north-wales_n in_o aberfraw_n whereof_o the_o king_n of_o gwynedh_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n for_o in_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n that_o be_v to_o say_v good_a howel_n of_o wall_n both_o king_n and_o lawyer_n which_o i_o have_v see_v write_v both_o in_o the_o british_a and_o latin_a tongue_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o like_o as_o the_o king_n of_o aberfraw_n aught_o to_o pay_v threescore_o and_o three_o pound_n for_o tribute_n unto_o the_o king_n of_o london_n so_o likewise_o the_o king_n of_o dinesur_n a_o matrafall_n be_v several_o bind_v to_o pay_v so_o much_o whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o wales_n king_n be_v the_o chief_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n about_o anglysey_n be_v diverse_a little_a land_n as_o ynis_n adar_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o bird_n sometime_o but_o now_o it_o be_v call_v ynis_n moylrhoniay_v to_o wit_n the_o i_o will_v of_o whale_n in_o english_a ysterisd_v also_o ynis_n lygod_n that_o be_v the_o i_o will_v of_o mouse_n and_o the_o i_o will_v seirial_n in_o english_a preêstholme_n the_o second_o region_n of_o gwynedh_n call_v arfon_n as_o who_o shall_v say_v above_o anglysey_n the_o best_a fortify_v part_n of_o all_o wales_n for_o it_o centeyn_v the_o high_a mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o we_o term_v yriri_fw-la the_o englishman_n snowdowne_n because_o they_o carry_v snow_n for_o height_n and_o plenty_n of_o cattle_n scarce_o inferior_a to_o the_o alps_n it_o have_v in_o it_o many_o river_n and_o stand_v water_n beyond_o who_o far_a promontory_n call_v lhynus_fw-la lie_v a_o i_o will_v which_o ptolomaeus_n term_v lymnos_n our_o countryman_n eulhi_n the_o englishman_n bardesey_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o i_o will_v of_o the_o bardi_n in_o arfon_n overagain_o anglysey_n stand_v a_o ancient_a city_n call_v of_o the_o roman_n segontium_n of_o the_o britain_n caërsegont_a of_o a_o river_n which_o pass_v thereby_o but_o now_o out_o of_o the_o ruin_n thereof_o there_o be_v a_o new_a town_n and_o a_o castle_n found_v by_o edward_n the_o first_o of_o 1._o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n call_v caër_fw-la arfon_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o town_n upon_o anglysey_n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o overagain_o anglysey_n lie_v the_o bishop_n see_v of_o banchor_n and_o upon_o conway_n water_n which_o there_o ebb_v and_o slow_v stand_v conway_n of_o our_o country_n man_n call_v aberconwy_n a_o wall_a town_n build_v by_o the_o same_o king_n then_o follow_v meridnia_n with_o we_o merionydh_n and_o gyraldus_n call_v it_o the_o land_n of_o the_o son_n of_o conavius_fw-la the_o same_o as_o he_o say_v be_v the_o most_o rough_a and_o sharp_a of_o all_o wales_n have_v in_o it_o most_o high_a mountain_n the_o people_n use_v long_o spear_n wherewith_o they_o be_v of_o great_a force_n as_z the_o southwales_n man_n with_o their_o bow_n so_o that_o a_o harnies_n can_v bear_v it_o of_o so_o much_o he_o the_o sea_n coast_n there_o by_o occasion_n of_o take_v great_a her_v take_v be_v much_o frequent_v by_o people_n of_o diverse_a country_n in_o the_o same_o stand_v the_o town_n harlechia_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n and_o within_o the_o land_n be_v the_o great_a lake_n tegid_a through_o which_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi which_o we_o call_v doverduwy_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o water_n of_o dee_n flow_v where_o it_o be_v worth_a the_o note_n that_o there_o be_v in_o that_o pond_n a_o peculiar_a kind_n of_o fish_n which_o be_v never_o find_v in_o the_o run_a water_n neither_o the_o salmon_n whereof_o the_o river_n be_v full_a do_v ever_o entre_fw-fr into_o the_o lake_n in_o this_o country_n and_o in_o arfon_n be_v see_v great_a multitude_n of_o dear_a and_o goat_n upon_o the_o high_a hill_n and_o these_o two_o country_n of_o all_o wales_n cam_fw-la last_o into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o englishmen_n neither_o do_v the_o people_n of_o this_o country_n ever_o frequent_a domestical_a incursion_n but_o before_o our_o time_n always_o seem_v to_o obey_v law_n rightful_o the_o far_a &_o last_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v call_v of_o our_o countryman_n berfedhwlad_a that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o inward_a and_o midland_n region_n and_o be_v sever_v from_o
which_o i_o have_v rash_o enterprise_v first_o to_o handle_v the_o same_o matter_n more_o at_o large_a in_o fair_a discourse_n and_o fine_a stile_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v think_v any_o thing_n herein_o speak_v over_o sharp_o or_o not_o well_o advise_o i_o submit_v myself_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o that_o be_v better_o learn_v and_o if_o i_o be_v admonish_v of_o my_o fault_n i_o promise_v to_o amend_v they_o when_o occasion_n shall_v be_v give_v thus_o fare_v you_o well_o order_n and_o signification_n of_o the_o letter_n mexicani_fw-la â–ª_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o description_n of_o britayn_n aristotle_n caesar_n s._n thomas_n eliote_n bardi_n prydain_n hierhaut_n leland_n division_n of_o britain_n cornishmen_n saxon_n hégischus_fw-la augustine_n monk_n egbert_n william_n bastard_n lhoëgr_n kent_n calais_n dover_n thanat_n rotler_n rye_n and_o wynchel_n â–ª_o sea_n cantorburie_n walden_n gylford_n chichester_n walingford_n read_v spynhanland_n nigh_o neuberi_n neubery_n marlborow_n wynchester_n portsmouth_n portchester_n southampton_n the_o wight_n newport_n caërbro_fw-la castle_n sarisbury_n excester_n cornwall_n ilcester_n bath_n commendation_n of_o the_o bath_n at_o bath_n cicester_n gloucester_n malmsbury_n egbert_n mandubra_n tius_fw-la the_o foundation_n of_o london_n colchestre_fw-fr polidorus_fw-la reprove_v orchades_n northwey_n grantcester_n cambridge_n i_o will_v of_o willow_n peterborow_n watling-ch_a oxenford_n a_o worthy_a commendation_n of_o oxford_n dorchester_n lincoln_n leycester_n avon_n warwik_n lichfeild_n a_o horrible_a fact_n of_o augustine_n the_o monk_n worcester_n wroxcestre_fw-fr schreusburie_n chester_n a_o foul_a error_n ptolomaeus_n excuse_v city_n of_o the_o brigant_n york_n northumberland_n westmoreland_n readshak_v vanquish_v kingdom_n of_o march._n a_o city_n lancastre_n manchester_n ann._n lib._n 12_o siluri_n colun_n castle_n stuarts_n ¶_o the_o description_n of_o scotland_n maximâ—_n caesariensis_n vâ—lentia_n â—â—as_fw-la scot_n original_a scota_fw-la voadicia_n gyllus_n gyldo_n druid_n s._n hierom._n hibernenses_n lib._n 20._o lib._n 26._o lib._n 27._o hebrides_n thule_n albania_n caërleil_n glot_n edenburge_n orchades_n â–ª_o hebrides_n euboniae_fw-la irland_n ¶_o the_o description_n of_o wales_n cambria_n cymbri_n plin._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 13._o aestiones_n sicambri_n franci_n cambra_n â–ª_o brennus_n trimarchisia_n scordisci_n brenni_n the_o bound_n of_o france_n etymon_n of_o gallia_n spayniarde_n walsh_n â–ª_o and_o welsh_a noble_a earl_n of_o glocestre_n edward_n the._n 1._o prince_n of_o wales_n henry_n the_o four_o owen_n glender_n henry_n the_o seven_o henry_n the_o eight_o commendation_n of_o welshman_n their_o skill_n in_o service_n their_o study_n in_o ler_a ning_z lucan_n li._n â—_o ad_fw-la eutro_n lib._n 2._o the_o description_n of_o wales_n maylgun_v of_o gwynedh_n â–ª_o rodericuâ—_n venodotia_n island_n nigh_o wales_n edward_n the._n 1._o herring_n take_v gannock_n â–ª_o henry_n lacey_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n denbigh_n the_o family_n of_o gray_n s._n assaph_n elbodius_n the_o golden_a number_n reprove_v dunwallon_n wenefrides_n well_o flint_n powisia_n god_n judge_n mean_v â–ª_o castle_n of_o lion._n pelagius_n a_o wicked_a deed_n agustine_n the_o moonk_a dunetus_n note_v this_o place_n whitting_n ton_fw-fr fitzalane_n severn_n roger_n mountgomer_n prestenia_n ludlaw_n wigmore_n caâ—â—le_a dehubarth_n rhesus_n cardigan_n the_o welsh_a tongue_n richard_n clarens_n david_n samson_n patrick_n denbygh_fw-mi merlin_n emlyn_n castle_n morgan_n treason_n and_o rebellion_n always_o punish_v hamâ—_n â–ª_o theophilus_n â–ª_o twelve_o knight_n name_n landaf_n chepstow_n city_n of_o legion_n castle_n of_o gwent_n brienne_n guildford_n a_o cruel_a deed_n a_o just_a revenge_n bernhard_n of_o newmercate_n caesar._n kentishman_n diodorus_n siculus_n tacitus_n boadicia_n band_n of_o britain_n brennus_n caswalian_n cataracus_n bunduica_fw-la aruiragus_n constantinus_n magnus_n bonosus_n carausius_n alectus_n maximus_n king_n arthure_n roderick_n the_o great_a henry_n the_o second_o cornishmen_n britonsnigh_fw-mi france_n devision_n be_v dangerous_a haste_v gyldas_n certain_a welsh_a or_o rather_o true_a british_a word_n convert_v into_o latin_a by_o the_o author_n &_o now_o translate_v into_o english._n ac_fw-la with_o aber_n force_n or_o rage_n of_o water_n armorica_n upon_o the_o sea._n arglwydhi_fw-la lord_n auanc_fw-fr a_o otter_n avon_n a_o river_n bara_n bread._n bath_n beauty_n foâ—â—_n or_o cunlines_n britunn_n a_o britain_n brynn_n a_o mountain_n or_o hill._n caër_fw-la a_o city_n cain_n white_n cariad_n love._n clauddh_fw-mi a_o ditch_n dha_n good._n dinas_n a_o court_n or_o palace_n deheubarth_n the_o right_a side_n duw._n god._n dwer_o dewr_n and_o dwr_n water_n dyphryn_n a_o ual_o dynfynnaint_n deep_o &_o narrow_a valley_n fa_o a_o place_n fie_o i_o flynt_n a_o flint_n stone_n celli_n hasell_n tree_n glá_n blue_a colour_n or_o woad_n glaw_n rain_n grwc_n a_o heap_n gwr_n a_o man._n gwadh_n a_o country_n gual_n a_o ual_o guent_n white_n gwydh_fw-mi perspicuous_a helig_n wyllow_v tree_n ay_o his._n lhan_n a_o church_n lhradron_n thief_n lhydaw_n the_o shore_n lhyfyr_n a_o book_n mam_n a_o mother_n march_v a_o horse_n maur_n great_a mur_n a_o wall._n mynyd_n a_o hill_n oh_o forth_o of_o pen_n a_o head._n phrainc_fw-la france_n phrydain_n britain_n porth_n a_o haven_n pride_n beauty_n or_o comeliness_n rhyd_n a_o ford_n rhufain_n rome_n saison_n a_o englishman_n saissonaëg_v english._n strat._n a_o soil_n sychnant_n a_o dry_a ual_o tair_n three_o fem_n gendre_fw-fr tan_o fire_n taria_fw-la a_o shield_n three_fw-mi a_o town_n tri_n three_o masc_n gendre_fw-fr ynis_n a_o island_n ynad_n a_o judge_n next_o the_o king_n yscar_n to_o separate_v yscaradic_n separate_v finis_fw-la ¶_o imprint_v at_o london_n by_o richard_n johnes_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n join_v to_o the_o south-west_n door_n of_o paul_n church_n