italy_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o mile_n or_o thereabouts_o beginning_n from_o susa_n a_o town_n cite_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps_n at_o the_o come_n into_o piedmont_n and_o end_v at_o reggio_n in_o the_o further_a part_n of_o calabri_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n as_o to_o the_o breadth_n it_o be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o place_n it_o be_v not_o full_a four_o hundred_o any_o where_o nor_o less_o than_o sixteen_o part_n of_o france_n and_o savoy_n lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o it_o part_n of_o germany_n namely_o tyrot_n and_o switzerland_n on_o the_o north_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n though_o for_o distinction_n some_o call_v the_o one_o ionian_a and_o adriatic_a and_o the_o other_o tirrenean_n most_o passage_n into_o italy_n be_v hard_a and_o difficult_a the_o whole_a country_n which_o we_o call_v italy_n be_v by_o the_o italian_n themselves_o divide_v into_o italy_n the_o kingdom_n and_o lombardy_n italy_n comprehend_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n and_o of_o luca._n naples_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o kingdom_n and_o lombardy_n contain_v great_a part_n of_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n mantua_n parma_n monferrat_n piedmont_n and_o the_o state_n of_o genoa_n but_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o ancient_a division_n and_o to_o descend_v to_o particular_n i_o say_v that_o in_o italy_n some_o be_v great_a prince_n consider_v the_o extend_v of_o their_o dominion_n and_o other_o of_o a_o inferior_a orb_n may_v be_v call_v petty_a prince_n the_o former_a sort_n come_v to_o the_o number_n of_o seven_o and_o with_o the_o four_o republic_n to_o eleven_o the_o pope_n king_n of_o spain_n duke_n of_o savoy_n tuscany_n mantoa_n parma_n modena_n for_o though_o some_o do_v reckon_v the_o bishop_n of_o trent_n which_o stand_v between_o the_o venetian_n and_o tyrol_n yet_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v a_o perpetual_a alliance_n with_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o often_o of_o the_o same_o family_n he_o may_v be_v take_v for_o a_o german_a more_o than_o for_o a_o italian_a prince_n and_o see_v little_a can_v be_v say_v concern_v he_o we_o shall_v pass_v it_o by_o to_o come_v to_o the_o republic_n which_o be_v venice_n genoa_n luca_n and_o san_n marino_n for_o the_o order_n of_o precedency_n venice_n have_v place_n after_o spain_n genoa_n after_o tuscany_n though_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v use_v as_o crown_v head_n be_v master_n of_o corcica_n former_o a_o kingdom_n the_o other_o two_o republic_n take_v place_n after_o all_o the_o forename_a prince_n who_o also_o do_v not_o agree_v among_o themselves_o about_o precedency_n tuscany_n pretend_v it_o from_o savoy_n though_o he_o be_v much_o inferior_a in_o antiquity_n and_o extent_n of_o dominion_n and_o mantoa_n from_o tuscany_n neither_o will_n modena_n yield_v it_o to_o some_o name_v before_o he_o i_o shall_v also_o say_v that_o france_n have_v acquire_v pignorolo_n a_o door_n into_o italy_n and_o a_o strong_a place_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n that_o king_n have_v a_o interest_n in_o italy_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o prince_n of_o it_o the_o state_n of_o rome_n the_o pope_n have_v great_a dominion_n convenient_o seat_v to_o disturb_v other_o special_o naples_n for_o all_o from_o ostia_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n to_o loretto_n ancona_n etc._n etc._n be_v his_o all_o the_o land_n together_o be_v call_v lo_o stato_fw-it della_n chiesa_fw-la in_o particular_a old_a latium_n now_o campagna_n romana_n il_fw-fr patrimonio_fw-la di_fw-it san_n pietro_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v viterbo_n part_n of_o ancient_a tuscany_n terra_fw-la sabina_n umbria_n ducato_fw-la di_fw-it spoletto_fw-it la_fw-fr marca_n di_fw-it ancona_n la_fw-fr romagna_fw-la il_fw-fr ducato_fw-la di_fw-it urbino_n ducato_fw-la di_fw-mi ferrara_fw-mi perugia_n orvieto_fw-la and_o bolognese_n he_o be_v sovereign_a of_o naples_n and_o sicily_n which_o he_o give_v the_o investiture_n of_o and_o receive_v homage_n for_o as_o he_o do_v for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o parma_n and_o piacenza_n pretend_v the_o same_o over_o the_o island_n of_o sardegna_n and_o corcica_n he_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o dukedom_n and_o city_n of_o benevento_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o he_o pretend_v that_o in_o time_n of_o minority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n he_o have_v right_a to_o govern_v that_o kingdom_n by_o a_o legate_n he_o also_o enjoy_v the_o county_n of_o avignon_n in_o france_n and_o ceneda_n within_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n these_o country_n i_o mean_v those_o who_o be_v unite_v together_o especial_o from_o ancona_n to_o ravenna_n and_o ferrara_n all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n do_v afford_v good_a soldier_n which_o upon_o case_n of_o a_o urge_v necessity_n may_v be_v gather_v to_o about_o the_o number_n of_o 60000_o though_o 20000_o foot_n and_o 3000_o horse_n as_o have_v clement_n the_o 8_o in_o the_o war_n of_o ferrara_n be_v much_o to_o be_v keep_v on_o foot_n any_o long_a while_n urban_n the_o 8_o in_o the_o war_n of_o parma_n have_v 30000_o but_o if_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v in_o arm_n than_o it_o will_v be_v upon_o 400000._o the_o pope_n indeed_o may_v be_v account_v as_o he_o be_v real_o a_o strong_a prince_n which_o strength_n consist_v in_o the_o extent_n of_o his_o territory_n in_o their_o situation_n be_v all_o unite_a and_o there_o be_v no_o safe_a nor_o convenient_a place_n towards_o the_o mediterranean_a to_o make_v any_o land_n and_o towards_o the_o gulf_n they_o trust_v to_o the_o venetian_n who_o be_v to_o keep_v it_o clear_a upon_o which_o condition_n they_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o these_o sea_n further_o all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o the_o whole_a campagna_n romana_n there_o be_v a_o bad_a air_n which_o will_v soon_o work_v upon_o any_o army_n either_o in_o spring_n summer_n or_o autumn_n this_o strength_n further_o consist_v in_o the_o temper_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o soldier_n who_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a foot_n in_o italy_n the_o italian_a proverb_n call_v they_o the_o best_a of_o soldier_n but_o the_o worst_a of_o subject_n so_o this_o strength_n consist_v in_o his_o strong_a hold_n as_o ferrara_n bologna_n fortezza_n urbana_n etc._n etc._n in_o his_o arsenal_n or_o magazine_n of_o arm_n the_o vatican_n or_o st._n peter_n have_v for_o 5000_o man_n in_o the_o castle_n st._n angelo_n for_o 15000_o in_o ancona_n for_o 10000_o in_o ravenna_n for_o 5000_o in_o ferrara_n 25000_o and_o bologna_n for_o 10000_o and_o a_o new_a one_o a_o make_v at_o tivoly_n by_o the_o late_a don_n morto_n order_n for_o 16000_o man_n with_o 80._o piece_n of_o ordnance_n where_o he_o employ_v continual_o above_o 300_o man_n so_o that_o they_o be_v spread_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n to_o arm_v the_o people_n upon_o occasion_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 100000_o man_n upon_o the_o mediterranean_a he_o keep_v five_o galley_n which_o harbour_n in_o civita_n vecchia_n they_o be_v not_o handsome_a nor_o very_o good_a but_o be_v well_o mane_v but_o that_o which_o another_o way_n strengthen_v much_o the_o pope_n be_v that_o respect_n and_o devotion_n which_o popish_a prince_n and_o state_n bear_v he_o acknowledge_v he_o though_o false_o to_o be_v the_o vicary_n of_o christ_n god_n on_o earth_n and_o the_o head_n of_o their_o religion_n so_o that_o if_o a_o prince_n have_v seize_v upon_o any_o of_o his_o dominion_n the_o pope_n who_o have_v provoke_v he_o to_o make_v war_n be_v dead_a it_o will_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o new_a elect_v all_o of_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o it_o be_v a_o sacrilege_n to_o detain_v from_o that_o church_n that_o which_o do_v belong_v to_o it_o beside_o that_o every_o prince_n of_o that_o religion_n intend_v any_o such_o thing_n will_v find_v it_o to_o be_v a_o hard_a work_n for_o the_o pope_n have_v ever_o a_o army_n quarter_v upon_o their_o land_n which_o be_v that_o vast_a number_n of_o secular_a priest_n and_o regular_a friar_n who_o depend_v on_o the_o pope_n upon_o several_a account_n who_o have_v all_o swear_v a_o obedience_n to_o their_o general_n who_o usual_o keep_v at_o rome_n they_o will_v act_v according_a to_o the_o order_n send_v they_o from_o thence_o so_o that_o have_v their_o pulpit_n confession_n and_o introduction_n into_o house_n of_o all_o rank_n they_o can_v make_v strange_a work_n hence_o to_o i_o do_v appear_v the_o happiness_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o have_v shake_v off_o that_o roman_a yoke_n and_o turn_v out_o those_o emissary_n be_v free_v of_o those_o danger_n which_o those_o of_o that_o religion_n be_v expose_v to_o though_o often_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o their_o private_a attempt_n another_o
be_v that_o they_o have_v so_o good_a pasture_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o this_o dukedom_n do_v furnish_v with_o cheese_n all_o italy_n and_o other_o place_n the_o best_a sort_n of_o that_o which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o parmesan_n be_v make_v at_o lodi_n one_o of_o the_o city_n of_o the_o dukedom_n and_o its_o territory_n this_o country_n do_v also_o produce_v abundance_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o corn_n good_a fruit_n and_o good_a wine_n this_o goodness_n of_o the_o soil_n join_v to_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o people_n make_v it_o very_o rich_a it_o contain_v many_o city_n as_o milano_n pavia_n tortona_n alessandria_n della_n paglia_n novarra_n mortara_n vigevana_n cremona_n lodi_n como_n and_o lomellina_n every_o one_o strong_a and_o except_o mortara_fw-mi the_o head_n of_o a_o territory_n which_o borrow_v its_o name_n from_o the_o town_n this_o dukedom_n be_v govern_v by_o one_o send_v from_o spain_n and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o governor_n who_o be_v don_n lewis_n de_fw-fr gusman_n ponce_n de_fw-fr leon_n and_o now_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr los_fw-es balbases_n these_o governor_n improve_v well_o their_o time_n which_o as_o i_o say_v in_o the_o case_n of_o naples_n be_v for_o three_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o except_o they_o be_v confirm_v and_o this_o make_v part_n of_o the_o misery_n of_o that_o people_n that_o every_o three_o year_n they_o have_v new_a and_o greedy_a minister_n who_o make_v haste_n to_o be_v rich_a and_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v full_a they_o be_v go_v to_o give_v place_n to_o one_o who_o be_v as_o hungry_a as_o they_o be_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n raise_v here_o one_o million_o ofcrown_n a_o year_n but_o it_o go_v all_o for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o state_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n there_o be_v keep_v 5000_o man_n there_o be_v a_o strong_a hold_n call_v the_o fort_n sandoval_n which_o command_v the_o way_n into_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o vercelli_n which_o be_v but_o a_o canonshot_n off_o and_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o bridle_v that_o place_n but_o the_o spaniard_n after_o the_o take_n of_o vercelli_n demolish_v it_o not_o long_o since_o as_o a_o thing_n chargeable_a and_o nor_o necessary_a but_o by_o the_o late_a treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o france_n they_o restore_v vercelli_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n the_o city_n of_o milan_n be_v call_v the_o great_a for_o it_o be_v of_o a_o large_a circumference_n full_a of_o people_n to_o the_o number_n of_o about_o 300000_o and_o of_o handy-craft-man_n almost_o of_o all_o fort_n in_o so_o good_a repute_n among_o the_o italian_n that_o when_o any_o sumptuous_a clothes_n or_o furniture_n be_v to_o be_v buy_v or_o any_o considerable_a equipage_n be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o very_a livery_n they_o send_v thither_o to_o have_v it_o do_v they_o work_v much_o in_o silk_n gold_n and_o silver_n thread_n and_o make_v admirable_a good_a gunbarrels_a all_o this_o maintain_v abundance_n of_o weak_a and_o poor_a people_n in_o this_o place_n be_v a_o castle_n esteem_v one_o of_o the_o strong_a in_o europe_n well_o provide_v with_o ammunition_n and_o artillery_n there_o be_v a_o particular_a governor_n of_o it_o who_o do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o dukedom_n but_o have_v his_o order_n immediate_o from_o spain_n in_o this_o city_n be_v a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o stately_a church_n special_o the_o domo_fw-la all_o build_v with_o white_a marble_n they_o say_v about_o it_o be_v 600_o statue_n which_o cost_v 1000_o crown_n a_o piece_n if_o this_o church_n be_v once_o finish_v according_a to_o the_o design_n none_o but_o st._n peter_n in_o rome_n will_v be_v able_a to_o compare_v to_o it_o till_o then_o this_o last_o will_v be_v the_o fair_a in_o europe_n and_o i_o believe_v of_o the_o world_n for_o all_o the_o great_a commendation_n give_v to_o that_o of_o santa_n sophia_n in_o constantinople_n i_o returnto_o milan_n and_o say_v not_o only_o there_o be_v in_o it_o fair_a church_n but_o also_o sumptuous_a cloister_n hospital_n palace_n and_o other_o noble_a building_n a_o churchman_n there_o have_v a_o fine_a cabinet_n full_a of_o rarity_n most_o of_o his_o own_o invention_n and_o make_v virtuoso_n in_o milan_n have_v the_o name_n of_o nascosti_n but_o i_o must_v not_o omit_v to_o say_v that_o the_o house_n which_o the_o cartusian_o have_v fifteen_o mile_n from_o milan_n and_o five_o from_o pavia_n be_v the_o best_a of_o their_o order_n notwithstanding_o the_o proverb_n thaâ—_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n govern_v sicily_n in_o meekness_n or_o dolcezza_n naples_n by_o fraud_n or_o con_v inganno_n and_o milan_n by_o authority_n con_fw-mi authorita_fw-la which_o may_v be_v understand_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o strong_a hold_v he_o have_v in_o it_o it_o be_v his_o maxim_n of_o state_n to_o rule_v this_o dukedom_n with_o more_o gentleness_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o dominion_n in_o italy_n this_o practice_n be_v enforce_v by_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v nor_o so_o willing_a nor_o so_o apt_a as_o other_o to_o suffer_v abuse_n burden_n exceed_o heavy_a nor_o other_o great_a oppression_n their_o spirit_n can_v hardly_o bear_v it_o they_o be_v of_o a_o humour_n free_a open_a plain_a and_o as_o they_o call_v it_o rozzo_n be_v usual_o call_v the_o lombarad_n temper_n that_o which_o make_v further_o the_o spaniard_n more_o circumspect_a in_o this_o be_v that_o many_o neighbour_n prince_n will_v willing_o receive_v and_o assist_v they_o if_o they_o come_v to_o have_v a_o pull_v for_o their_o liberty_n for_o they_o join_v with_o the_o duke_n of_o mantoa_n the_o venetian_n with_o parma_n genoa_n piedmont_n and_o with_o the_o grison_n by_o the_o ualteline_n therefore_o the_o spaniard_n who_o know_v the_o importance_n of_o that_o passage_n to_o they_o struggle_v so_o hard_o for_o it_o and_o set_v all_o europe_n in_o a_o uproar_n about_o it_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o gentleness_n of_o they_o use_v to_o the_o milenesi_fw-la that_o people_n be_v not_o free_a from_o grievance_n and_o oppression_n that_o country_n which_o for_o a_o long_a while_n together_o have_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o war_n have_v be_v oblige_v to_o maintain_v in_o a_o good_a measure_n the_o spanish_a german_n french_a savoy_n modena_n and_o mantuan_a force_n the_o perpetual_a lodging_n quarter_a and_o contribute_v for_o the_o soldier_n have_v waste_v they_o and_o all_o this_o have_v be_v a_o pretence_n for_o the_o spanish_a minister_n to_o oppress_v they_o the_o italian_a proverb_n say_v that_o the_o spanish_a minister_n in_o sicily_n rodono_fw-it they_o gnaw_v in_o naples_n mangiano_n they_o eat_v but_o in_o milan_n divorano_n they_o devour_v but_o they_o bear_v it_o see_v that_o except_v the_o republic_n the_o subject_n of_o other_o prince_n be_v use_v no_o better_a than_o they_o at_o first_o the_o sforzi_n get_v this_o country_n from_o the_o visconti_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v get_v it_o from_o these_o yet_o the_o venetian_n have_v of_o it_o brescia_n bergamo_n and_o crema_fw-la i_o will_v not_o show_v who_o right_a it_o be_v to_o have_v it_o if_o the_o heir_n of_o valentina_n have_v it_o not_o the_o chief_a family_n of_o it_o be_v now_o borromeo_n trivultio_n stampa_n trotti_n sforza_n homodei_n litta_n etc._n etc._n finale_n be_v a_o town_n well_o fortify_v of_o great_a concernment_n to_o the_o spaniard_n for_o it_o be_v the_o only_a door_n they_o have_v to_o get_v into_o milan_n from_o spain_n naples_n sicily_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v also_o a_o bridle_n to_o the_o genoesi_n portolongone_n and_o orbitelle_n be_v also_o upon_o the_o coast_n the_o one_o on_o the_o continent_n the_o other_o close_o by_o upon_o a_o rock_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o great_a importance_n to_o bridle_v the_o grand_a duke_n viareggio_n belong_v to_o luea_n and_o the_o genaesi_fw-la the_o state_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a prince_n of_o italy_n after_o the_o crown_v head_n he_o come_v from_o humbert_n a_o young_a brother_n of_o saxony_n and_o a_o man_n of_o fortune_n amede_n the_o great_a or_o le_fw-fr comte_n verd_fw-mi or_o green_a earl_n so_o call_v because_o usual_o his_o clothes_n be_v of_o that_o colour_n as_o be_v those_o of_o his_o follower_n by_o his_o merit_n and_o good_a fortune_n raise_v himself_o to_o a_o great_a credit_n he_o do_v great_a service_n against_o infidel_n special_o at_o the_o take_n of_o rhodes_n from_o the_o infidel_n and_o then_o he_o take_v the_o motto_n about_o the_o coat_n of_o arm_n which_o to_o this_o day_n that_o family_n retain_v f._n e._n r._n t._n signify_v fortitudo_fw-la ejus_fw-la rhodum_fw-la tenuit_fw-la his_o history_n be_v in_o fresco_n at_o the_o pleasure-house_n of_o the_o duke_n at_o rivoli_n this_o family_n be_v first_o earl_n of_o moriene_n then_o by_o marriage_n and_o favour_n of_o some_o emperor_n prince_n
of_o piedmont_n and_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o of_o late_a from_o the_o duke_n of_o mantoa_n they_o have_v get_v trin_n and_o alba_n in_o monferr_v at_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o chierasco_n so_o that_o beside_o piedmont_n with_o its_o valley_n and_o savoy_n the_o duke_n have_v upon_o the_o seacoast_n villa_n franca_n oneglia_n and_o nizza_fw-it di_fw-it provinza_fw-it with_o as_o strong_a a_o castle_n as_o any_o in_o europe_n his_o dominion_n indeed_o be_v large_a though_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n savoy_n be_v a_o barren_a and_o a_o mountainous_a country_n which_o defect_n be_v somewhat_o make_v up_o by_o the_o indefatigable_a laboriousness_n of_o the_o people_n and_o by_o the_o populousness_n and_o plenty_n of_o piedmont_n his_o court_n be_v for_o certain_a the_o ornament_n of_o italy_n not_o compose_v of_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o person_n nor_o solitary_a neither_o there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o variety_n without_o confusion_n well_o compact_v consist_v of_o choice_a person_n well_o qualify_v for_o a_o court_n in_o a_o handsome_a and_o orderly_a way_n in_o it_o the_o french_a and_o italian_a language_n be_v common_o speak_v and_o the_o free_a french_a manner_n of_o life_n be_v practise_v in_o it_o these_o prince_n have_v be_v and_o be_v still_o very_o honourable_a in_o europe_n for_o this_o long_a while_n emperor_n and_o king_n have_v give_v they_o the_o title_n of_o serenissime_fw-la when_o some_o other_o prince_n of_o italy_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v to_o it_o but_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n of_o pope_n urban_n the_o 8_o that_o he_o it_o may_v be_v to_o please_v his_o nephew_n give_v a_o high_a title_n to_o cardinal_n than_o they_o have_v before_o the_o title_n of_o illustrissime_fw-la be_v change_v into_o that_o of_o eminentissime_fw-la this_o oblige_v some_o prince_n to_o take_v the_o title_n serenissime_fw-la and_o of_o highness_n upon_o which_o account_n still_o to_o keep_v a_o distinction_n between_o they_o and_o other_o prince_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n add_v real_a to_o altezza_n to_o make_v up_o royal_a highness_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o as_o be_v titular_a king_n of_o cyprus_n and_o so_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o match_n with_o france_n the_o french_a do_v not_o oppose_v it_o and_o this_o duke_n be_v now_o in_o hope_n that_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n regent_n of_o portugal_n be_v now_o himself_o own_a to_o be_v a_o crown_a head_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o late_a marriage_n or_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v with_o that_o prince_n regent_n and_o the_o dutchess_n sister_n will_v approve_v of_o it_o but_o upon_o what_o ground_n i_o dispute_v not_o this_o duke_n be_v vicar_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o italy_n he_o can_v not_o yet_o obtain_v from_o the_o emperor_n the_o investiture_n of_o what_o he_o have_v in_o montferrat_n however_o of_o late_a the_o electoral_a college_n at_o the_o solicitation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bavaria_n who_o present_a elector_n marry_v his_o sister_n do_v something_o on_o his_o behalf_n to_o wit_n make_v a_o decree_n that_o his_o not_o be_v invest_v by_o the_o emperor_n shall_v be_v no_o prejudice_n to_o his_o right_n see_v he_o have_v use_v his_o diligence_n to_o obtain_v it_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n which_o raise_v much_o the_o glory_n of_o this_o prince_n that_o he_o have_v several_a of_o his_o subject_n descend_v from_o emperor_n of_o east_n and_o west_n king_n other_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o of_o the_o chief_a family_n of_o italy_n in_o piedmont_n alone_o be_v above_o fifty_o earl_n fifteen_o marquess_n at_o least_o this_o make_v he_o the_o more_o considerable_a and_o add_v something_o to_o his_o strength_n which_o on_o the_o other_o side_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o largeness_n of_o his_o dominion_n the_o number_n affection_n and_o fidelity_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o in_o his_o strong_a place_n of_o which_o the_o castle_n of_o montmelian_a though_o take_v by_o the_o french_a be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o savoy_n they_o use_v to_o say_v that_o their_o prince_n have_v a_o city_n which_o be_v 300_o mile_n about_o to_o show_v how_o thick_a town_n be_v in_o it_o and_o how_o populous_a it_o be_v in_o piedmont_n alone_o be_v 8_o episcopal_a city_n and_o 130_o very_a populous_a place_n another_o thing_n be_v that_o the_o duke_n be_v as_o absolute_a as_o any_o prince_n in_o europe_n it_o be_v say_v of_o charles_n emanuel_n this_o duke_n grandfather_n that_o one_o day_n discourse_v with_o henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n and_o the_o king_n have_v ask_v which_o of_o the_o two_o pistol_n piece_n of_o gold_n the_o french_a or_o spanish_a he_o account_v the_o heavy_a his_o answer_n be_v that_o which_o i_o shall_v give_v my_o grain_n to_o mean_v that_o of_o the_o two_o king_n he_o who_o he_o will_v assist_v shall_v be_v the_o strong_a his_o riches_n i_o will_v not_o mention_v his_o yearly_a income_n be_v say_v to_o amount_v to_o one_o million_o and_o eight_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n out_o of_o which_o savoy_n and_o the_o valley_n yield_v he_o but_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o all_o which_o be_v noble_o spend_v i_o must_v say_v however_o that_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v scarce_o in_o his_o dominion_n which_o on_o the_o other_o side_n afford_v he_o a_o great_a plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n whereby_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n be_v at_o a_o low_a rate_n upon_o consideration_n of_o this_o two_o several_a proposal_n be_v make_v to_o the_o present_a duke_n by_o a_o judicious_a person_n the_o first_o and_o less_o important_a be_v to_o settle_v a_o fix_a and_o a_o constant_a office_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o traveller_n so_o that_o give_v so_o much_o they_o shall_v be_v defray_v for_o their_o diet_n and_o shall_v be_v provide_v with_o horse_n to_o this_o effect_n a_o correspondency_n be_v to_o be_v settle_v at_o lion_n as_o this_o have_v be_v convenient_a for_o stranger_n and_o safe_a so_o it_o have_v make_v the_o money_n of_o all_o those_o who_o enter_v italy_n that_o way_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n officer_n and_o these_o sum_n have_v be_v very_o considerable_a see_v all_o those_o who_o go_v by_o land_n into_o italy_n out_o of_o spain_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n out_o of_o france_n and_o pat_n of_o germany_n come_v by_o the_o way_n of_o lion_n this_o will_v have_v encourage_v many_o to_o go_v that_o way_n who_o do_v not_o help_v the_o sale_n of_o provision_n and_o bring_v money_n into_o the_o country_n but_o this_o proposal_n though_o approve_v yet_o want_v a_o further_a encouragement_n come_v to_o nothing_o the_o second_o be_v to_o make_v nizza_n or_o villa_n franca_n a_o free_a port_n any_o of_o these_o lie_v convenient_a for_o ship_n this_o will_v bring_v in_o trade_n and_o consequent_o money_n and_o will_v help_v the_o sale_n of_o the_o land_n commodity_n but_o i_o omit_v the_o reason_n which_o be_v give_v to_o enforce_v this_o proposal_n for_o i_o must_v come_v to_o other_o thing_n turin_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o piedmont_n and_o the_o ordinary_a place_n of_o the_o duke_n residence_n when_o he_o be_v not_o at_o his_o house_n of_o pleasure_n of_o which_o he_o have_v as_o great_a a_o number_n of_o fine_a and_o convenient_a one_o as_o any_o other_o prince_n this_o city_n be_v well_o seat_v in_o a_o plain_a the_o rivers_z po_n and_o doire_n run_v not_o far_o from_o it_o in_o the_o court_n be_v a_o office_n of_o the_o admiralty_n as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o the_o po_n which_o be_v more_o for_o formality-sake_n than_o for_o any_o benefit_n in_o turin_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o old_a and_o new_a palace_n with_o the_o garden_n from_o the_o place_n to_o the_o new_a palace_n to_o that_o of_o st._n garloe_n be_v on_o both_o side_n a_o row_n of_o fine_a house_n all_o uniform_a i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o of_o church_n there_o nor_o of_o the_o country-house_n as_o rivoli_n moncallier_n le_fw-fr valentin_n millefleur_n and_o la_fw-fr venerea_fw-la which_o be_v the_o present_a duke_n delight_n but_o i_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v as_o good_a a_o citadel_n as_o any_o in_o europe_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o well_o into_o which_o one_o may_v go_v down_o to_o water_v a_o horse_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o can_v come_v up_o thence_o and_o not_o see_v one_o another_o there_o be_v also_o arm_n for_o 40000_o man_n many_o thing_n i_o omit_v here_o to_o tell_v that_o carlo_n emanuele_n the_o present_a duke_n be_v a_o prince_n well_o make_v of_o his_o person_n of_o a_o middle_a stature_n full_a face_n with_o that_o natural_a red_n which_o only_o do_v embellish_v it_o his_o sight_n be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a as_o may_v be_v observe_v when_o he_o eat_v or_o read_v he_o love_v hunt_v with_o some_o kind_n of_o excess_n the_o scorch_a heat_n nor_o the_o foulness_n of_o weather_n be_v not_o
be_v to_o punish_v more_o rigorous_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o noble_n than_o those_o of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o former_a do_v not_o grow_v insolent_a nor_o these_o last_o discontent_a further_o they_o be_v careful_a to_o maintain_v their_o privilege_n to_o province_n and_o city_n that_o they_o may_v continue_v in_o their_o loyalty_n and_o affection_n last_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o their_o justice_n as_o of_o their_o policy_n not_o to_o punish_v the_o crime_n of_o the_o father_n upon_o the_o child_n nor_o e_fw-la conuerso_fw-la the_o person_n only_o which_o be_v guilty_a suffering_n i_o have_v one_o thing_n more_o to_o say_v before_o i_o leave_v it_o of_o all_o state_n in_o italy_n this_o of_o venice_n hang_v loose_a from_o the_o pope_n most_o of_o all_o therefore_o they_o meddle_v not_o in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n neither_o do_v they_o care_v to_o bestow_v pension_n upon_o cardinal_n to_o have_v a_o favourable_a election_n &_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a to_o they_o see_v they_o extend_v their_o jurisdiction_n upon_o all_o regular_a &_o ecclesiastical_a person_n within_o their_o dominion_n notwithstanding_o the_o endeavour_n of_o several_a pope_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o they_o have_v good_a law_n to_o bridle_v the_o power_n of_o pope_n within_o their_o state_n as_o i_o will_v instance_n only_o in_o two_o case_n the_o first_o be_v though_o the_o inquisition_n be_v among_o they_o yet_o they_o have_v take_v away_o its_o sting_n there_o be_v constant_o three_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o more_o moderate_a senator_n name_v to_o be_v present_a at_o their_o consultation_n and_o it_o be_v further_o order_v that_o nothing_o shall_v be_v resolve_v in_o it_o except_o there_o be_v present_a one_o of_o these_o senator_n who_o qualify_v thing_n reduce_v they_o to_o moderation_n and_o in_o case_n of_o extremity_n tell_v the_o senate_n must_v be_v acquaint_v with_o such_o and_o such_o thing_n the_o second_o case_n be_v the_o nomination_n which_o pope_n make_v of_o who_o they_o think_v fit_a to_o some_o church-living_n and_o benefice_n within_o their_o state_n the_o pope_n pretend_v he_o have_v right_a so_o to_o do_v which_o they_o deny_v however_o because_o they_o will_v not_o open_o cross_v he_o they_o have_v find_v out_o a_o indirect_a way_n which_o be_v this_o there_o be_v a_o order_n that_o no_o man_n whosoever_o shall_v be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o any_o benefice_n by_o virtue_n of_o any_o grant_n or_o nomination_n from_o the_o pope_n except_o the_o same_o be_v first_o approve_v of_o by_o the_o council_n so_o that_o the_o patent_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o council_n there_o it_o lie_v till_o either_o the_o person_n who_o have_v it_o or_o the_o pope_n who_o grant_v it_o be_v dead_a which_o maxim_n now_o be_v know_v none_o of_o their_o subject_n will_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n and_o trouble_n to_o sue_v at_o rone_n for_o any_o such_o thing_n the_o wise_a among_o they_o laugh_v at_o the_o pretend_a authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o pope_n arrogate_v to_o themselves_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o republic_n he_o may_v say_v they_o play_v rex_fw-la at_o rome_n and_o have_v his_o patriarchal_a church_n namely_o st._n peter_n represent_v the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n st._n paul_n of_o alexandria_n st._n marry_o the_o great_a of_o antiochia_n st._n laurance_n without_o the_o wall_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o set_v over_o these_o four_o st._n john_n of_o lateran_n represent_v the_o pope_n who_o be_v over_o all_o but_o say_v they_o such_o liberty_n be_v not_o allow_v he_o in_o the_o state_n of_o other_o prince_n from_o time_n to_o time_n there_o have_v be_v quarrel_n between_o pope_n and_o this_o republic_n paul_n the_o fifth_n excommunication_n be_v not_o yet_o forget_v there_o nor_o the_o principle_n of_o padre_n paolo_n and_o padre_n fulgentio_n root_v out_o though_o the_o gospel_n be_v not_o teach_v there_o in_o public_a one_o may_v hear_v it_o sometime_o in_o private_a it_o be_v true_a of_o late_a the_o jesuit_n be_v readmit_v there_o but_o mere_a necessity_n of_o state_n oblige_v they_o to_o it_o though_o their_o readmission_n be_v carry_v on_o but_o by_o few_o ball_n or_o vote_n the_o late_a pope_n letter_n earnest_o entreat_v they_o to_o do_v it_o and_o say_v that_o if_o he_o can_v have_v go_v in_o person_n to_o ask_v it_o he_o will_v have_v do_v it_o be_v not_o so_o efficacious_a as_o the_o promise_n of_o keep_v 3000_o man_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n in_o dalmatia_n for_o theservice_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o upon_o occasion_n the_o use_n of_o his_o galley_n with_o some_o other_o advantage_n however_o they_o be_v still_o odious_a in_o that_o city_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n and_o a_o small_a matter_n will_v send_v they_o out_o again_o in_o a_o private_a conversation_n between_o the_o late_a pope_n and_o a_o venetian_a ambassador_n then_o at_o rome_n upon_o the_o question_n move_v by_o the_o pope_n where_o be_v their_o title_n to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o gulf_n the_o other_o answer_v he_o smart_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o constamines_n donation_n this_o show_v something_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o venetian_a heart_n not_o favourable_a to_o rome_n whence_o they_o have_v receive_v so_o many_o ground_n of_o displeasure_n we_o have_v see_v of_o late_a how_o much_o trouble_n a_o nuncio_n of_o the_o pope_n at_o venice_n be_v like_a to_o have_v raise_v between_o the_o duke_n and_o senate_n about_o the_o barigello_n who_o have_v seize_v certain_a of_o the_o nunioes_n servant_n when_o they_o have_v do_v some_o insolence_n though_o he_o say_v he_o know_v not_o they_o be_v his_o servant_n and_o though_o thing_n have_v be_v compose_v so_o that_o the_o barigello_n shall_v not_o appear_v in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n mary_n where_o the_o nuncio_n be_v to_o be_v till_o the_o last_o holy_a day_n of_o christmas_n yet_o upon_o that_o very_a day_n against_o the_o agreement_n within_o the_o church_n the_o nuncio_n prevail_v with_o the_o duke_n to_o order_v he_o to_o go_v out_o whereat_o the_o whole_a senate_n be_v high_o incense_v that_o the_o duke_n will_v do_v such_o a_o thing_n without_o their_o advice_n and_o now_o the_o late_a grudge_n about_o the_o turn_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o po_n another_o way_n may_v produce_v something_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o war_n of_o candia_n however_o there_o remain_v a_o cause_n of_o fall_v out_o hereafter_o the_o state_n of_o genoa_n but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o speak_v of_o genoa_n former_o the_o dangerous_a rival_n of_o vevice_n history_n show_v we_o the_o several_a &_o great_a revolution_n of_o government_n in_o this_o city_n it_o be_v by_o charles_n the_o great_a make_v a_o earldom_n and_o under_o one_o of_o their_o earl_n win_v the_o island_n corfica_n from_o the_o saracen_n '_o afterward_o they_o become_v a_o republic_n they_o ask_v the_o protection_n of_o charles_n the_o six_o king_n of_o france_n and_o have_v reject_v this_o they_o submit_v 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institution_n calpurnius_n poncinus_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 231._o raise_v their_o number_n to_o 10_o so_o by_o degree_n they_o be_v 70._o but_o as_o pope_n may_v alter_v the_o order_n of_o their_o predecessor_n so_o they_o have_v lessen_v or_o increase_v this_o number_n they_o be_v very_o inferior_a in_o dignity_n to_o bishop_n to_o who_o and_o to_o the_o people_n the_o election_n belong_v former_o but_o innocent_a the_o second_o give_v it_o whole_o and_o only_o to_o cardinal_n in_o the_o year_n 1135._o yet_o leave_v it_o at_o their_o liberty_n to_o choose_v one_o of_o their_o number_n or_o another_o prelate_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1464._o paul_n the_o second_o order_v that_o none_o but_o a_o cardinal_n shall_v be_v choose_v pope_n innocent_n the_o four_o be_v the_o man_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1242._o alter_v the_o precedency_n between_o bishop_n and_o cardinal_n to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o last_o the_o same_o give_v they_o the_o red_a hat_n bonifacius_n the_o 9th_o the_o habit_n and_o paul_n the_o second_o the_o cap_n of_o scarlet_n to_o show_v as_o they_o say_v how_o ready_a they_o be_v to_o shed_v their_o blood_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o church_n though_o i_o think_v that_o this_o colour_n and_o purple_a which_o they_o use_v too_o be_v to_o set_v forth_o their_o pomp_n and_o magnificence_n these_o cardinal_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o pope_n according_a to_o his_o intimation_n and_o some_o few_o upon_o the_o commendation_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n spain_n and_o poland_n out_o of_o the_o german_a french_a etc._n etc._n nation_n according_a to_o the_o choice_n of_o those_o prince_n who_o have_v liberty_n to_o commend_v one_o two_o or_o three_o of_o what_o nation_n they_o please_v all_o these_o cardinal_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o order_n six_o bishop_n 50_o priest_n fourteen_o deacon_n every_o one_o of_o they_o take_v place_n of_o all_o ambassador_n whatsoever_o and_o pretend_v the_o hand_n from_o all_o prince_n except_o crown_v head_n thus_o much_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o speak_v of_o cardinal_n especial_o now_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o seed_n vacant_a for_o they_o be_v meet_v to_o make_v a_o new_a election_n of_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o say_v something_o the_o pope_n be_v dead_a nine_o day_n be_v employ_v towards_o his_o funeral_n and_o other_o formality_n depend_v thereupon_o on_o the_o nine_o day_n after_o mass_n be_v say_v a_o speech_n be_v make_v in_o commendation_n of_o the_o decease_a the_o cardinal_n padrone_fw-it that_o be_v master_n a_o title_n introduce_v by_o paul_n the_o 5_o but_o full_o confirm_v by_o urban_n the_o 8_o who_o be_v a_o nigh_o relation_n of_o the_o late_a pope_n acquaint_v all_o cardinal_n abroad_o with_o his_o â—eath_n who_o thereupon_o make_v all_o possible_a haste_n to_o come_v to_o rome_n on_o the_o 10_o day_n after_o the_o pope_n death_n all_o the_o cardinal_n who_o be_v able_a meet_v at_o st._n peter_n church_n where_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n as_o they_o call_v it_o be_v sing_v by_o the_o dean_n of_o cardinal_n he_o who_o be_v of_o a_o long_a stand_v or_o the_o next_o to_o he_o if_o he_o be_v not_o well_o there_o be_v also_o make_v a_o speech_n upon_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a pope_n with_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o people_n to_o hear_v it_o after_o this_o all_o the_o cardinal_n go_v in_o a_o procession_n towards_o the_o conclave_n follow_v a_o priest_n who_o carry_v the_o cross_n the_o musician_n sing_v their_o veni_fw-la creator_n spiritus_fw-la this_o conclave_n be_v a_o place_n in_o the_o vatican_n near_o st._n peter_n church_n all_o make_v a_o new_a by_o order_n of_o the_o cardinal_n chamberlain_n or_o chamerlengho_n all_o of_o wood_n which_o after_o the_o election_n be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o say_a chamberlain_n where_o a_o small_a lodging_n be_v make_v for_o every_o
to_o trouble_v it_o and_o to_o foment_n and_o assist_v insurrection_n in_o it_o the_o second_o be_v to_o foment_n division_n between_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o people_n and_o between_o the_o nobility_n themselves_o who_o being_n all_o together_o unite_v can_v for_o certain_a drive_v they_o out_o and_o though_o the_o napolitans_n horse_n back_n be_v much_o gall_v if_o he_o can_v gather_v his_o strength_n together_o he_o will_v be_v able_a to_o shake_v off_o the_o rider_n the_o three_o maxim_n be_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v do_v to_o make_v great_a state_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o woman_n who_o they_o marry_v afterward_o to_o spanish_a nobleman_n the_o chief_a family_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v at_o present_a caraccioli_n where_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o auelina_n be_v the_o head_n caraffa_n of_o which_o family_n be_v the_o duke_n matalone_fw-it pignatelle_n who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o monteleone_n monaldesqui_n aquaviva_fw-la brancaccio_n and_o several_a other_o who_o have_v the_o name_n of_o prince_n as_o marana_n etc._n etc._n the_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o salerno_n be_v extinct_a as_o to_o the_o name_n and_o their_o palace_n at_o naples_n which_o be_v very_o stately_a have_v these_o several_a year_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o jesuit_n i_o shall_v not_o say_v much_o of_o sicily_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o vice-king_n at_o present_a the_o duke_n of_o albuquerque_n as_o don_n pedro_n d'_fw-fr arragon_n be_v he_o of_o naples_n this_o island_n be_v know_v to_o be_v plentiful_a and_o as_o former_o it_o be_v the_o granary_n of_o italy_n so_o it_o be_v still_o of_o part_n of_o it_o but_o special_o of_o maltha_n for_o the_o galley_n of_o the_o order_n come_v almost_o every_o week_n to_o transport_v corn_n cut_v of_o it_o messina_n drive_v a_o great_a trade_n of_o silk_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v still_o their_o est_fw-la &_o non_fw-la est_fw-la that_o be_v when_o any_o thing_n be_v propose_v by_o the_o vice-king_n or_o his_o order_n after_o a_o debate_n have_v thereupon_o to_o satisfy_v the_o people_n they_o cry_v out_o non_fw-la est_fw-la if_o it_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o their_o privilege_n if_o it_o be_v they_o say_v est_z than_o every_o one_o get_v to_o his_o arms._n this_o city_n have_v several_a privilege_n but_o can_v get_v they_o confirm_v at_o madrid_n neither_o do_v the_o vice-king_n dare_v to_o trust_v themselves_o among_o they_o therefore_o they_o reside_v at_o palermo_n which_o be_v the_o land_a place_n of_o don_n pedro_n d'_fw-fr arragon_n when_o the_o money_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o lewis_n the_o 9th_o of_o france_n to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o infidel_n in_o africa_n he_o go_v to_o drive_v charles_n d'_fw-fr anjou_n lewis_n brother_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n whereof_o he_o be_v lawful_a sovereign_n the_o people_n of_o this_o island_n speak_v a_o very_a corrupt_a italian_a language_n mix_v with_o some_o word_n of_o corrupt_a greek_a &_o as_o their_o language_n be_v so_o be_v their_o manner_n and_o nature_n which_o how_o treacherous_a it_o be_v let_v the_o sicilian_a vesper_n bear_v witness_v by_o which_o action_n they_o be_v become_v not_o only_o odious_a but_o also_o a_o proverb_n to_o italy_n have_v thereby_o be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o the_o disturbance_n wherewith_o the_o spanish_a nation_n have_v since_o afflict_v those_o part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o have_v be_v something_o in_o withdraw_v from_o the_o subjection_n of_o one_o who_o though_o he_o be_v their_o lawful_a prince_n yet_o he_o be_v of_o a_o foreign_a nation_n they_o have_v get_v their_o liberty_n yet_o prince_n may_v see_v of_o how_o dangerous_a a_o consequence_n be_v this_o precedent_n but_o to_o leave_v the_o bad_a for_o the_o worse_o it_o be_v to_o find_v a_o pain_n wherein_o they_o look_v for_o a_o pleasure_n that_o be_v to_o be_v no_o more_o reasonable_a than_o be_v the_o frog_n who_o reject_v the_o reed_n to_o have_v the_o stork_n to_o rule_v over_o they_o they_o shall_v 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the_o prisoner_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o such_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v there_o be_v thing_n of_o that_o nature_n in_o several_a part_n though_o these_o prisoner_n be_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o closet_n the_o spaniard_n govern_v this_o land_n almost_o by_o the_o same_o maxim_n which_o they_o use_v in_o naples_n only_o they_o let_v they_o have_v some_o few_o privilege_n in_o consideration_n of_o their_o withdraw_n from_o the_o french_a and_o giving_z themselves_o up_o to_o they_o nevertheless_o the_o spaniard_n be_v much_o odious_a to_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a and_o many_o oppression_n they_o suffer_v from_o they_o for_o the_o which_o no_o body_n pity_v they_o since_o they_o bring_v it_o upon_o themselves_o however_o it_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o two_o chief_a city_n messina_n and_o palermo_n about_o precedency_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o uphold_v the_o spaniard_n authority_n in_o the_o island_n for_o when_o one_o of_o these_o city_n stand_v up_o the_o other_o stoop_v and_o they_o do_v every_o thing_n in_o opposition_n one_o to_o another_o the_o spaniard_n therefore_o know_v how_o much_o it_o import_v to_o his_o interest_n to_o see_v these_o difference_n continue_v he_o foment_n it_o with_o the_o best_a of_o his_o skill_n and_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o speak_v of_o sardegna_n see_v the_o people_n in_o it_o be_v become_v spaniard_n in_o every_o thing_n there_o happen_v in_o it_o not_o long_o since_o a_o great_a division_n cause_v by_o fall_v out_o between_o two_o of_o the_o chief_a person_n of_o the_o island_n but_o have_v be_v both_o transport_v into_o spain_n the_o faction_n be_v disperse_v and_o give_v way_n to_o a_o general_a tranquillity_n this_o be_v a_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o vice-king_n who_o be_v late_o prince_n ludovisio_n of_o late_o they_o have_v stir_v very_o much_o have_v kill_v a_o viceroy_n for_o which_o act_n some_o have_v be_v execute_v which_o their_o friend_n and_o relation_n high_o resent_v be_v cause_v new_a disturbance_n so_o that_o the_o present_a vice-king_n not_o think_v himself_o strong_a enough_o have_v desire_v more_o force_n out_o of_o spain_n special_o his_o enemy_n be_v potent_a in_o cagliari_n hereby_o be_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o eternal_a hatred_n for_o their_o child_n inherit_v of_o the_o quarrel_n and_o desire_v of_o vengeance_n as_o of_o the_o state_n of_o their_o parent_n this_o have_v be_v a_o fair_a occasion_n for_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n of_o the_o spaniard_n this_o island_n as_o that_o of_o sicily_n and_o naples_n maintain_v a_o number_n of_o galley_n which_o of_o late_o be_v much_o diminish_v for_o put_v they_o altogether_o with_o the_o squadron_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o tursi_n they_o do_v not_o come_v to_o above_o twenty_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n westerly_a it_o border_n with_o piedmont_n and_o monferrat_n sur_fw-fr southerly_a with_o the_o republic_n of_o genoa_n westerly_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n with_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o mantoa_n and_o northerly_a with_o the_o valtoline_n the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n be_v as_o good_a and_o as_o plentiful_a a_o country_n as_o any_o in_o italy_n full_a 300_o mile_n about_o plain_a and_o even_a ground_n in_o it_o be_v many_o lake_n full_a of_o fish_n and_o be_v water_v by_o considerable_a river_n which_o make_v it_o pleasant_a plentiful_a and_o strong_a po_n run_v by_o cremona_n the_o tanaro_n by_o alessandria_n and_o the_o bormia_n which_o be_v a_o little_a one_o not_o far_o off_o adda_n nigh_o to_o lodi_n and_o ticcino_n by_o the_o wall_n of_o pavia_n by_o milan_n run_v two_o channel_n one_o of_o which_o be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o this_o go_v through_o it_o and_o both_o for_o water_v of_o ground_n whence_o it_o
able_a to_o divert_v he_o from_o it_o and_o by_o this_o constant_a course_n he_o have_v bring_v himself_o into_o a_o capacity_n to_o endure_v any_o hardship_n yet_o this_o passion_n do_v not_o take_v he_o off_o his_o important_a business_n which_o he_o be_v vigorous_a in_o and_o follow_v it_o very_o close_a he_o have_v set_v day_n to_o give_v public_a audience_n at_o which_o time_n the_o least_o of_o his_o subject_n may_v speak_v to_o he_o without_o any_o disturbance_n at_o all_o and_o he_o hear_v they_o very_o patient_o as_o he_o be_v a_o active_a man_n so_o he_o take_v cognizance_n of_o every_o thing_n and_o impart_v all_o to_o his_o lady_n who_o be_v a_o judicious_a princess_n and_o exceed_o comply_v with_o his_o highness_n she_o ever_o have_v a_o place_n in_o his_o closet_n as_o in_o his_o bed_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n very_o civil_a to_o stranger_n and_o now_o frugal_a at_o home_n for_o he_o find_v his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v too_o free_a so_o he_o have_v be_v himself_o but_o 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thereby_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n from_o that_o succession_n in_o case_n the_o branch_n shall_v fail_v but_o a_o entail_v have_v afterward_o be_v find_v out_o the_o pope_n call_v for_o his_o money_n and_o restore_v the_o principality_n however_o he_o be_v cardinal_n by_o the_o bargain_n the_o best_a palace_n in_o rome_n be_v farneze_n build_v after_o the_o direction_n of_o michael_n angelo_n buonarotta_fw-it and_o one_o of_o the_o best_a country-pleasure-house_n of_o italy_n be_v caprarola_n in_o the_o county_n of_o ronciglione_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n till_o of_o late_a since_o the_o day_n of_o charles_n the_o 5_o it_o be_v a_o constant_a maxim_n of_o state_n of_o these_o prince_n to_o keep_v close_o to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n but_o odoardo_n the_o late_a duke_n be_v unsatisfied_a with_o the_o earl_n and_o duke_n of_o olivares_n he_o leave_v that_o union_n and_o they_o have_v since_o side_v with_o france_n as_o the_o fit_a power_n to_o uphold_v they_o in_o their_o quarrel_n against_o the_o pope_n which_o will_v be_v a_o continual_a ground_n of_o trouble_n in_o italy_n and_o a_o occasion_n of_o bring_v the_o french_a into_o it_o one_o thing_n more_o be_v that_o these_o duke_n do_v more_o willing_o make_v use_n of_o stranger_n to_o be_v their_o minister_n when_o they_o find_v they_o qualify_v for_o it_o than_o of_o their_o own_o subject_n the_o state_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n the_o family_n d'este_fw-fr though_o we_o put_v it_o here_o last_o be_v much_o more_o ancient_a and_o rich_a than_o the_o two_o former_a yet_o according_a to_o that_o period_n which_o be_v set_v to_o family_n of_o prince_n and_o their_o dominion_n this_o have_v lose_v something_o of_o its_o ancient_a greatness_n they_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n from_o atto_n marquis_n of_o este_n who_o take_v the_o surname_n which_o now_o his_o family_n keep_v from_o the_o city_n este_fw-fr which_o do_v still_o belong_v to_o it_o this_o marry_a alda_n daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n othon_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1000_o and_o have_v with_o she_o modena_n and_o reggio_n theobaldo_n d'_fw-fr este_fw-fr othon_n grandchild_n have_v in_o the_o year_n 1055._o ferrara_n from_o pope_n john_n the_o 12_o which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1598._o take_v from_o they_o by_o clement_n the_o 8_o after_o the_o death_n of_o alfonso_n the_o second_o for_o want_v of_o lawful_a heir_n males_n yet_o there_o be_v cesare_n d'_fw-fr este_fw-fr who_o alfonso_n have_v from_o laura_n ferrarese_n who_o will_v have_v prove_v that_o his_o father_n have_v marry_v his_o mother_n and_o so_o that_o he_o be_v a_o lawful_a heir_n but_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o pope_n who_o have_v already_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o strong_a yet_o that_o family_n still_o pretend_v to_o it_o affirm_v they_o come_v from_o
a_o lawful_a heir_n though_o pope_n will_v have_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o natural_a son_n and_o this_o as_o to_o precedency_n wrong_v that_o family_n for_o other_o prince_n will_v not_o grant_v they_o as_o duke_n of_o modena_n only_o what_o they_o have_v as_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n although_o their_o stand_a duke_n of_o modena_n be_v from_o barso_n d'_fw-fr este_fw-fr who_o have_v the_o title_n give_v he_o by_o frederick_n the_o 3d_o emperor_n in_o the_o year_n 1460._o the_o city_n have_v be_v a_o great_a loser_n by_o this_o change_n for_o instead_o of_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o court_n it_o be_v now_o make_v a_o city_n of_o war_n and_o of_o 80000._o soul_n that_o be_v in_o it_o under_o the_o duke_n there_o be_v now_o hardly_o 20000._o however_o this_o duke_n be_v still_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o modena_n and_o reggio_n the_o principality_n of_o carpi_n and_o correggio_n the_o earldom_n of_o roli_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o sassevil_n garfagna_n and_o frignano_n by_o the_o late_a treaty_n of_o pisa_n his_o dispute_n with_o the_o pope_n about_o the_o valley_n of_o gommachio_n be_v decide_v be_v to_o receive_v as_o he_o do_v 400000._o crown_n for_o they_o 40000._o more_o of_o damage_n and_o some_o other_o advantageous_a condition_n all_o these_o land_n with_o other_o which_o he_o have_v still_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o ferrara_n yield_v he_o every_o year_n full_a 500000._o crown_n all_o his_o dominion_n join_v one_o to_o another_o make_v he_o the_o more_o considerable_a his_o strength_n therefore_o consist_v in_o the_o number_n of_o his_o people_n the_o only_a province_n carfagnana_n be_v say_v to_o contain_v 80._o place_n wall_v about_o he_o have_v also_o several_a strong_a hold_n upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n he_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v into_o the_o field_n 20000._o foot_n and_o 1000_o horse_n and_o he_o can_v without_o inconveniency_n keep_v the_o half_a of_o the_o number_n however_o his_o country_n lie_v somewhat_o open_a to_o several_a neighbour_a prince_n not_o for_o want_v of_o good_a place_n of_o which_o he_o have_v many_o seat_v at_o a_o proportionable_a and_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o but_o because_o that_o country_n lie_v upon_o a_o even_a ground_n in_o his_o citadel_n of_o modena_n be_v as_o they_o say_v arm_n for_o 40000._o man_n this_o city_n be_v not_o in_o repute_n with_o other_o italian_n who_o call_v it_o modena_n la_o pazza_n these_o prince_n observe_v the_o general_a maxim_n of_o their_o neighbour_n to_o have_v a_o good_a correspondency_n with_o venice_n which_o be_v ever_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o protector_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o italy_n since_o the_o loss_n of_o ferrara_n they_o keep_v close_o to_o the_o spaniard_n but_o of_o late_a their_o interest_n make_v they_o change_v their_o affection_n for_o duke_n francis_n be_v in_o the_o late_a italian_a war_n make_v general_n of_o the_o french_a and_o mazarine_n niece_n marry_v to_o prince_n almerigo_n his_o son_n who_o have_v leave_v a_o young_a prince_n to_o succeed_v he_o at_o present_v all_o thing_n be_v do_v after_o the_o advice_n of_o cardinal_n d'este_fw-fr protector_n of_o the_o french_a interest_n at_o rome_n and_o the_o promoter_n of_o the_o late_a union_n of_o his_o family_n to_o france_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n very_o active_a and_o stir_a who_o live_v at_o rome_n when_o he_o come_v there_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o more_o splendour_n than_o any_o other_o cardinal_n whatsoever_o he_o be_v zealous_a for_o the_o french_a by_o who_o friendship_n his_o family_n be_v much_o better_a with_o money_n be_v enrich_v with_o the_o late_a generalship_n so_o be_v the_o country_n for_o in_o winter_n the_o head_n quarter_n be_v in_o modena_n whereto_o resort_v all_o the_o great_a officer_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o inferior_a one_o this_o somewhat_o help_v the_o poor_a people_n to_o pay_v those_o tax_n that_o be_v lay_v so_o heavy_a upon_o they_o at_o present_a there_o be_v one_o of_o their_o name_n and_o kinsman_n afar_o of_o don_n carlo_n d'este_fw-fr if_o i_o mistake_v not_o a_o subject_a bear_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n who_o be_v a_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o fleece_n who_o i_o have_v see_v attend_v on_o the_o empress_n at_o alexandria_n pavio_n etc._n etc._n the_o duke_n of_o modena_n have_v this_o advantage_n above_o most_o prince_n in_o italy_n that_o he_o have_v some_o of_o his_o subject_n who_o have_v feudi_fw-la fief_n of_o the_o empire_n we_o find_v many_o great_a family_n in_o his_o dominion_n as_o the_o rich_a earl_n di_fw-mi san_n paolo_n the_o bentivogli-ragoni_a buoncompagni_n the_o marquess_n spilimbergo_v peppoli_n gualengo_n di_fw-mi vignola_n and_o gualteri_n the_o earl_n caprari_fw-la san_n martino_n di_fw-it molsa_fw-la di_fw-it maluisia_n montecuculi_fw-la tassoni_n ferrarese_n di_fw-fr conoscia_n and_o few_o other_o the_o present_a duke_n be_v very_o young_a we_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v as_o to_o his_o person_n and_o though_o he_o be_v old_a we_o can_v say_v of_o he_o that_o which_o must_v be_v speak_v of_o some_o other_o they_o be_v reserve_v and_o live_v retire_o so_o that_o stranger_n for_o any_o long_a while_n have_v not_o free_a excess_n to_o their_o court_n and_o person_n the_o state_n of_o venice_n now_o to_o go_v on_o i_o must_v say_v something_o of_o the_o republic_n i_o do_v confess_v i_o be_o much_o at_o a_o stand_v when_o i_o see_v myself_o oblige_v to_o speak_v of_o venice_n the_o abundance_n of_o matter_n be_v often_o to_o a_o man_n a_o great_a hindrance_n than_o help_n when_o he_o must_v pick_v out_o that_o which_o be_v only_o fit_a for_o his_o purpose_n to_o speak_v well_o of_o a_o republic_n esteem_v a_o miracle_n of_o nature_n and_o a_o prodigy_n of_o art_n the_o tongue_n of_o a_o angel_n be_v necessary_a it_o be_v too_o trivial_a to_o say_v that_o this_o republic_n be_v found_v above_o 1246_o year_n ago_o by_o those_o who_o from_o aqueleia_n padua_n etc._n etc._n flee_v from_o the_o cruelty_n of_o attila_n they_o be_v govern_v by_o tribune_n till_o the_o year_n 697._o at_o which_o time_n they_o make_v a_o head_n call_v doge_n and_o they_o choose_v san_n marco_n to_o be_v their_o protector_n wherefore_o a_o lion_n hold_v a_o book_n be_v their_o arm_n with_o this_o motto_n pax_fw-la tibi_fw-la marce_z evangelista_n the_o government_n be_v part_v aristocracy_n and_o part_n democracy_n but_o at_o the_o time_n when_o pietro_n gradenigo_n be_v doge_n in_o the_o year_n 1280._o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o senate_n that_o the_o government_n shall_v hereafter_o belong_v to_o the_o nobility_n alone_o and_o to_o avoid_v opposition_n all_o the_o family_n that_o be_v in_o some_o esteem_n among_o the_o people_n be_v declare_v noble_n as_o it_o have_v be_v practise_v afterward_o upon_o urge_v occasion_n as_o in_o the_o war_n against_o genoa_n and_o late_o in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n 100000._o crown_n be_v pay_v by_o every_o one_o who_o be_v make_v such_o beside_o that_o he_o must_v be_v otherwise_o qualify_v for_o it_o in_o the_o majesty_n and_o perpetuity_n of_o the_o duke_n there_o be_v a_o shadow_n of_o monarchy_n but_o the_o strength_n and_o the_o authority_n reside_v in_o the_o senate_n their_o dominion_n be_v of_o a_o great_a extent_n in_o terra_fw-la ferma_fw-la they_o have_v dogado_n la_fw-fr marca_n trevigiana_n padoano_n vicentino_n veronese_n feltrino_n bellunese_n bresciano_n beragamasco_n cremasco_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v further_a il_fw-it fruili_fw-la with_o many_o considerable_a city_n in_o it_o as_o udine_n palma_n and_o that_o strong_a hold_n palma_n nova_n istria_n with_o four_o good_a city_n and_o many_o land_n and_o place_n out_o of_o italy_n they_o have_v dalmatia_n with_o the_o island_n thereto_o belong_v and_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o zara_n clissa_n cataro_n and_o few_o other_o place_n in_o albania_n in_o the_o levant_n corfu_n cefalonia_n cerigo_n zante_n and_o some_o other_o island_n in_o the_o arcipelago_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o all_o the_o golfo_n from_o venice_n to_o otranto_n and_o to_o la_fw-fr vallona_n which_o be_v seven_o hundred_o mile_n in_o length_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o candia_n they_o have_v nothing_o but_o the_o city_n it_o will_v require_v whole_a volume_n if_o one_o will_v insist_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o government_n in_o general_n see_v they_o have_v be_v curious_a to_o gather_v the_o quintessence_n of_o all_o the_o good_a law_n and_o statute_n which_o ancient_a and_o modern_a republic_n have_v which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o upon_o occasion_n they_o have_v above_o 60._o court_n of_o judicature_n such_o a_o diversity_n be_v necessary_a for_o they_o to_o employ_v so_o many_o nobleman_n they_o have_v i_o will_v hardly_o mention_v the_o grand_fw-mi '_o consiglio_n wherein_o be_v usual_o 1500._o vote_n beside_o other_o 500_o nobles_z who_o be_v in_o office_n elsewhere_o either_o by_o land_n
one_o neighbour_n will_v cross_v another_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v design_v against_o luca_n their_o care_n have_v provide_v against_o open_a attempt_n they_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o oppose_v they_o all_o what_o they_o must_v do_v be_v to_o take_v heed_n of_o surprisal_n the_o state_n of_o san_n marino_n sand_n marino_n be_v i_o believe_v the_o least_o republic_n of_o europe_n when_o the_o empire_n be_v transfer_v out_o of_o italy_n into_o germany_n this_o city_n with_o some_o other_o make_v herself_o a_o republic_n it_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o urbino_n under_o who_o duke_n protection_n it_o remain_v till_o this_o state_n fall_v to_o the_o church_n so_o that_o now_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o within_o the_o pope_n land_n and_o under_o their_o protection_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o special_o the_o late_a alexander_n the_o seven_o have_v do_v what_o they_o can_v by_o promise_n and_o fair_a mean_n to_o make_v their_o nephew_n prince_n of_o it_o but_o she_o will_v not_o part_v with_o her_o liberty_n and_o though_o the_o pope_n can_v easy_o force_v they_o to_o it_o yet_o he_o dare_v not_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o venetian_n and_o the_o grand_a duke_n will_v oppose_v he_o in_o it_o special_o now_o when_o italian_a prince_n do_v dislike_v novelity_n and_o innovation_n when_o this_o republic_n have_v write_v to_o venice_n she_o have_v call_v her_o carissima_fw-la sorella_n very_o dear_a sister_n a_o weak_a one_o indeed_o for_o have_v but_o the_o city_n and_o two_o or_o three_o village_n beside_o her_o strength_n and_o riches_n be_v but_o small_a which_o must_v be_v supply_v with_o their_o care_n of_o themselves_o and_o watchfulness_n over_o their_o neighbour_n of_o the_o petty_a principality_n this_o be_v all_o as_o i_o think_v that_o needs_o be_v say_v upon_o the_o subject_n of_o great_a prince_n and_o republic_n of_o italy_n i_o must_v therefore_o now_o speak_v to_o the_o petty_a prince_n or_o rather_o continue_v it_o for_o the_o last_o republic_n i_o have_v mention_v may_v have_v her_o place_n among_o these_o rather_o than_o among_o the_o great_a one_o but_o i_o desire_v not_o to_o be_v mistake_v when_o i_o call_v some_o petty_a prince_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o they_o depend_v from_o other_o and_o be_v not_o sovereigns_n for_o every_o way_n they_o act_v as_o such_o in_o their_o land_n there_o be_v no_o appeal_n from_o their_o sentence_n they_o dispose_v of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a prince_n they_o coin_n or_o may_v coin_n money_n elect_a officer_n make_v law_n and_o when_o there_o be_v occasion_n for_o it_o they_o treat_v of_o peace_n and_o war_n i_o call_v they_o petty_a prince_n because_o their_o state_n be_v but_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o those_o who_o i_o call_v great_a one_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v very_o many_o who_o have_v the_o name_n of_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o sovereign_n but_o be_v subject_n to_o other_o the_o number_n of_o these_o all_o italy_n over_o be_v between_o 75_o and_o 80_o between_o 90_o and_o 100_o have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n and_o of_o marquess_n and_o earl_n there_o be_v above_o 500_o but_o i_o speak_v only_o of_o sovereign_n the_o duke_n of_o della_n mirandola_n be_v one_o of_o this_o sort_n the_o city_n la_fw-fr mirandola_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o modena_n towards_o the_o river_n po_n the_o family_n pico_n one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o famous_a of_o italy_n have_v be_v lord_n of_o it_o and_o of_o concordia_n since_o the_o year_n 1110_o till_o now_o that_o line_n fail_v in_o the_o year_n 1637_o and_o therefore_o another_o be_v invest_v of_o it_o by_o the_o emperor_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v also_o the_o prince_n of_o bozzolo_n and_o of_o sabionetta_n the_o duke_n of_o guastalda_n and_o of_o novellara_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o castiglione_n all_o within_o the_o state_n of_o mantoa_n as_o we_o say_v before_o they_o have_v be_v such_o for_o these_o 100_o year_n past_a and_o be_v all_o of_o the_o family_n gonzaga_n he_o of_o sahionetta_n except_v which_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o be_v give_v with_o a_o daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o general_n caraffa_n and_o now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o spaniard_n the_o principality_n of_o monaco_n be_v another_o this_o be_v a_o strong_a city_n by_o nature_n seat_v upon_o the_o mediterranean_a between_o nizzadi_n provenza_n and_o genoa_n this_o make_v the_o prince_n more_o considerable_a than_o any_o other_o of_o his_o sort_n there_o be_v a_o indifferent_a harbour_n the_o way_n up_o to_o it_o be_v very_o steep_a and_o difficult_a and_o several_a guard_n to_o speak_v with_o before_o one_o can_v get_v to_o it_o at_o the_o come_n in_o there_o be_v a_o broad_a place_n with_o a_o prospect_n as_o pleasant_a as_o can_v be_v within_o few_o mile_n from_o it_o be_v another_o place_n good_a enough_o call_v menton_n depend_v from_o the_o say_a principality_n there_o be_v in_o monaco_n a_o spanish_a garrison_n but_o the_o late_a prince_n have_v partly_o by_o a_o stratagem_n and_o partly_o with_o help_n from_o the_o french_a drive_v it_o out_o he_o desire_v the_o french_a protection_n and_o now_o there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o french_a garrison_n he_o be_v duke_n de_fw-fr valentionis_fw-la and_o peer_n of_o france_n who_o coin_n be_v currant_n in_o that_o kingdom_n this_o prince_n family_n be_v grimaldi_n who_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n from_o grimald_n son_n of_o pipin_n king_n of_o austrasia_n and_o brother_n to_o charles_n martel_n this_o pippin_n as_o they_o say_v give_v the_o lordship_n to_o grimald_n in_o the_o year_n 713._o but_o they_o be_v declare_v prince_n in_o the_o year_n 1411._o cardinal_n grimaldi_n yet_o live_v and_o brother_n to_o the_o late_a duke_n be_v in_o great_a part_n the_o occasion_n of_o the_o admit_v in_o of_o the_o french_a induce_v to_o it_o by_o the_o persecution_n which_o the_o barberini_n suffer_v from_o the_o pope_n at_o the_o secret_a instigation_n of_o spain_n and_o by_o the_o protection_n which_o the_o french_a give_v to_o that_o family_n who_o passionate_a creature_n this_o grimaldi_n be_v and_o also_o by_o the_o interest_n he_o have_v get_v in_o france_n to_o be_v archbishop_n of_o aix_n and_o other_o good_a benefice_n he_o enjoy_v he_o be_v of_o a_o active_a spirit_n therefore_o he_o have_v be_v much_o speak_v of_o at_o rome_n their_o family_n or_o a_o branch_n of_o it_o be_v name_v among_o the_o great_a in_o genoa_n where_o some_o of_o the_o name_n be_v admit_v to_o the_o high_a charge_n the_o present_a prince_n of_o monaco_n be_v not_o much_o pass_v twenty_o five_o he_o have_v marry_v martial_a grammonts_n daughter_n who_o prefer_v the_o pleasure_n of_o paris_n to_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o monaco_n massa_n be_v in_o toscany_n seat_v part_v '_o of_o it_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o great_a mountain_n part_n upon_o the_o mountain_n and_o high_a of_o all_o be_v the_o prince_n castle_n yet_o he_o be_v a_o build_n a_o palace_n in_o the_o low_a town_n and_o it_o be_v almost_o finish_v this_o be_v but_o a_o post_n from_o sarzana_n the_o family_n malaspina_n possess_v it_o along_o while_n till_o by_o the_o marriage_n of_o ricarda_n malaspina_n with_o lorenzo_n cibo_fw-la it_o come_v to_o this_o family_n because_o she_o be_v the_o heir_n of_o it_o they_o be_v marquess_n till_o the_o year_n 1499._o at_o which_o time_n innocent_a the_o 8_o of_o the_o same_o family_n be_v pope_n alberico_n cibo_fw-la be_v by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n make_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n bonifacius_n the_o 9th_o be_v of_o the_o same_o family_n which_o come_v from_o grecia_n where_o they_o have_v possess_v some_o island_n principality_n and_o other_o territory_n they_o seat_v in_o genoa_n there_o be_v a_o cardinal_n of_o the_o name_n and_o family_n massarana_n be_v in_o monferrat_n not_o far_o from_o veroelli_n this_o principality_n have_v be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o family_n scala_n but_o in_o the_o 1568._o it_o be_v buy_v from_o they_o by_o the_o ferreri_n who_o be_v at_o present_a in_o possession_n of_o it_o upon_o 15_o mile_n from_o genoa_n be_v another_o sovereignty_n the_o marquisate_n of_o torreglia_n it_o be_v give_v by_o charles_n the_o 5_o to_o andrea_n doria_n who_o have_v leave_v the_o service_n of_o frances_n the_o first_o king_n of_o france_n and_o do_v many_o eminent_a service_n to_o the_o emperor_n the_o same_o family_n do_v also_o enjoy_v the_o principality_n of_o melfey_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n but_o not_o in_o sovereignty_n this_o family_n doria_n have_v for_o 500_o year_n be_v esteem_v in_o genoa_n one_o of_o the_o most_o noble_a if_o not_o the_o first_o of_o that_o republic_n the_o head_n of_o the_o family_n be_v young_a at_o present_a there_o be_v two_o branch_n of_o it_o flourish_a in_o genoa_n
who_o have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o stately_a palace_n though_o one_o be_v more_o ancient_a and_o more_o sumptuous_a than_o the_o other_o another_o principality_n be_v piombine_v in_o the_o island_n alba_n whereof_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a duke_n as_o cosmopoli_fw-it etc._n etc._n prince_n ludoviso_n have_v it_o now_o it_o be_v buy_v for_o his_o father_n by_o his_o uncle_n gregory_n the_o 15_o of_o the_o same_o family_n not_o long_o since_o the_o prince_n father_n die_v in_o sardegna_n where_o he_o be_v vice-king_n for_o spain_n have_v lay_v before_o noble_a and_o stately_a foundation_n of_o a_o palace_n in_o piazza_n colonna_n at_o rome_n this_o prince_n undergo_v his_o father_n displeasure_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o his_o death_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o strong_a passion_n he_o have_v for_o a_o mean_a person_n in_o the_o island_n at_o present_v there_o be_v cardinal_n ludoviso_n great_a penitentiere_a of_o the_o roman_a church_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o eminent_a 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without_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o it_o but_o now_o we_o must_v come_v to_o those_o principality_n which_o be_v seat_v within_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n and_o first_o to_o those_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o family_n colonna_n now_o divide_v into_o two_o branch_n one_o of_o which_o have_v the_o principality_n of_o carbognana_n who_o elder_a son_n have_v marry_v his_o sister_n who_o be_v at_o present_a the_o head_n of_o the_o other_o branch_n whereof_o however_o the_o late_a cardinal_n colonna_n who_o die_v at_o finale_n attend_v on_o the_o empress_n and_o who_o be_v protector_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o with_o his_o frugality_n acquit_v the_o debt_n and_o clear_v the_o state_n of_o his_o family_n his_o nephew_n don_n lorenzo_n colonna_n who_o have_v marry_v the_o mancini_n one_o of_o mazarins_n niece_n common_o call_v contestabila_fw-la colonna_n because_o he_o be_v high_a constable_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v now_o the_o head_n of_o that_o branch_n a_o man_n who_o inclination_n agree_v better_a with_o the_o french_a than_o with_o the_o spanish_a temper_n yet_o he_o must_v keep_v fair_a with_o these_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o place_n and_o of_o the_o land_n he_o have_v in_o naples_n his_o free_a and_o frequent_a conversation_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o crequi_n ambassador_n to_o rome_n give_v the_o spaniard_n much_o jealousy_n some_o think_v he_o leave_v rome_n in_o part_n upon_o this_o account_n but_o the_o aversion_n he_o have_v for_o the_o late_a pope_n family_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o discontent_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o they_o be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o oblige_v he_o to_o leave_n rome_n for_o two_o year_n time_n as_o he_o do_v late_o he_o be_v a_o man_n who_o live_v in_o his_o pleasure_n yet_o he_o have_v so_o high_a and_o so_o noble_a a_o spirit_n that_o he_o can_v not_o stoop_v to_o the_o pope_n kinsman_n as_o few_o other_o do_v he_o have_v a_o brother_n call_v don_n domenico_n colonna_n and_o be_v sovereign_n of_o pagliano_fw-it and_o prince_z of_o marini_n the_o antiquity_n of_o his_o family_n be_v well_o know_v their_o arm_n be_v a_o colonna_n or_o a_o pillar_n crown_v because_o stefano_n colonna_n the_o roman_a senator_n do_v crown_n lewis_n of_o bavaria_n emperor_n in_o the_o year_n 1260._o they_o say_v they_o come_v from_o columnius_n a_o ancient_a roman_a the_o rival_n and_o ancient_a enemy_n of_o this_o family_n have_v be_v casa_n ursini_n most_o noble_a and_o very_a ancient_a of_o which_o be_v that_o proud_a nicholas_n the_o 3_o d_o this_o family_n have_v be_v much_o decay_v in_o her_o state_n though_o of_o late_o it_o be_v somewhat_o restore_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o some_o rich_a match_n make_v with_o other_o family_n which_o yet_o for_o want_n of_o child_n may_v at_o last_o prove_v disadvantageous_a their_o palace_n at_o rome_n in_o monte_fw-fr jordano_n be_v very_o ancient_a the_o elder_a of_o the_o family_n be_v now_o cardinal_n ursini_n protector_n of_o poland_n portugal_n and_o com-protector_n of_o the_o french_a interest_n at_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n a_o man_n of_o no_o extraordinary_a part_n who_o not_o long_o since_o be_v oblige_v to_o take_v a_o journey_n to_o paris_n to_o pacify_v that_o court_n angry_a with_o he_o for_o not_o act_v according_o to_o direction_n in_o the_o business_n of_o crequi_n at_o rome_n and_o therefore_o have_v take_v from_o he_o his_o pension_n of_o 5000_o crown_n a_o year_n and_o bestow_v it_o upon_o cardinal_n aldobrandini_n who_o be_v dead_a ursini_n post_v away_o to_o paris_n and_o obtain_v his_o desire_n the_o head_n of_o this_o family_n be_v now_o the_o duke_n of_o bracciano_n who_o be_v also_o conte_n di_fw-it petiglione_n two_o sovereignty_n belong_v to_o the_o family_n by_o a_o ancient_a gift_n of_o some_o pope_n for_o service_n do_v to_o the_o church_n this_o duke_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n of_o rome_n as_o all_o other_o roman_a prince_n do_v he_o stand_v much_o upon_o the_o point_n or_o punctillio_n of_o ceremony_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o late_o he_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o broglio_n or_o fall_v out_o with_o cardinal_n sforza_n though_o some_o think_v it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o his_o fault_n as_o the_o cardinal_n he_o have_v a_o young_a brother_n called_z don_z lelio_fw-la ursini_n prince_n of_o vicâ—varo_n another_o ancient_a family_n be_v that_o of_o cezarini_n duke_n of_o the_o name_n and_o prince_n of_o fansano_n and_o of_o ardea_n he_o derive_v his_o pedigree_n from_o the_o cezars_n the_o family_n as_o to_o a_o male_a issue_n be_v like_a to_o be_v extinct_a the_o late_a duke_n a_o man_n of_o 50000_o crown_n a_o year_n can_v afford_v his_o cook_n 4giulius_n two_o shilling_n for_o his_o dinner_n and_o no_o more_o he_o appear_v so_o high_a for_o the_o french_a in_o the_o business_n of_o crequi_n out_o of_o a_o enmity_n he_o have_v for_o the_o pope_n relation_n that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n till_o the_o peace_n be_v make_v he_o be_v one_o of_o those_o who_o italian_n call_v matti_fw-la porta_fw-la a_o casa_fw-la he_o die_v late_o and_o leave_v three_o or_o four_o daughter_n in_o monastery_n who_o have_v make_v no_o profession_n his_o brother_n the_o abbot_n cezarini_n have_v succeed_v he_o a_o man_n of_o a_o most_o loose_a and_o dissolute_a life_n when_o i_o come_v from_o rome_n he_o be_v upon_o marry_v a_o lady_n of_o milan_n without_o hope_n on_o his_o side_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o former_a deboistness_n of_o have_v any_o child_n yet_o with_o what_o he_o have_v before_o he_o be_v worth_a 60000_o crown_n a_o year_n rignano_n be_v a_o principality_n belong_v to_o the_o duke_n muti_fw-la of_o a_o very_a ancient_a family_n for_o they_o derive_v themselves_o from_o mutius_n scevola_n and_o a_o proof_n of_o it_o be_v the_o possession_n of_o campi_n mutii_n wherein_o porsenna_n be_v encamp_v give_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o mutius_n and_o his_o posterity_n the_o present_a duke_n be_v not_o marry_v though_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v ancient_a he_o have_v much_o squander_v his_o state_n with_o game_n and_o woman_n he_o have_v a_o brother_n a_o prelate_n and_o another_o call_v marquis_n muti_fw-la a_o very_a ingenious_a person_n to_o my_o knowledge_n and_o of_o good_a part_n their_o palace_n as_o that_o of_o the_o forename_a family_n be_v in_o rome_n i_o will_v make_v no_o further_o mention_v of_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o farneze_n i_o say_v what_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v know_v of_o it_o speak_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n the_o cardinal_n of_o that_o name_n be_v prince_n of_o it_o i_o will_v only_o name_v the_o marquis_n di_fw-fr monte_fw-fr another_o sovereign_n and_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o caetani_fw-la who_o have_v a_o stately_a palace_n at_o rome_n of_o this_o family_n be_v the_o prince_n of_o