it a wrong to History But he never conceived an Historian might be freer then in his description of the siege of Hierusalem From whence he takes occasion to speak of the Originall and Manners of the Iews so profusely and so far deriving them even from Saturn heaping so many several things together Of Moses Of that Peoples Religion Of their Meats Of the Sabbath Of Circumcision Of the Eternity of the soul Of Balsom Of Brimstone and other specialties as if he wrote the History of that Nation And yet Tacitus keeps within compasse if you compare him with Sallust that is so frequent in Excursions Nay he himself doth not dissemble it For having taken a large and indeed unnecessitated scope at last â—ounding a retreat he sayes But I have gone too carelessely and too farre being nettled and vexed at the Manners of the Town Now I come to the matter Nor did he keep to it for all this but in the division of the King dome between Iugurth and Adherbal he amply discourses of Africa and its Inhabitants from their very beginning Again licentiously inveighing against the Manners of Rome he copiously relates the causes of Faction between the Senate and the People and with a check for his own flying out he brings himself again into the way Yet what he adds to this Digression upon the By concerning the Leptitans exceeds the other by many degrees For having mentioned the citie of Leptis when he had spoken of its Founders of its situation and Language he wheels about and for a Corollary brings in an old History not at all appertaining to the Leptitans For sayes he because following the businesse of the Leptitans I am come into this Region I think it not amiss to set down a noble and memorable action of two Carthaginians Which told neither sparingly nor timorously he goes on again But why do I quote so many Presidents when that one of Catilines Conspiracy evidently shews what liberty a Historian may assume the Writer whereof so freely digresses and hath so many Out-lets and Parergons that the additionall Matter is much more then the fourth part of the Historie Which being granted ours likewise in case it be any where redundant will I hope be fairly interpreted by the Readers As likewise that which I have not forborn whilst I compare the ancient with the modern times that is like to like Which as I am not ignorant the Latines seldome do so I know it is familiar with the Greeks Indeed Polybius not more properly the Writer then Master of History whilst he at large compares the Form and Situation of Sicily with Peloponnesus the Fleets of Carthage and Rome with those of Antigonus Ptolomey Demetrius and others of former Ages whilst he resembles the Republicks of Rome and Carthage to generous birds fighting even to their last breath to omit the rest of the same kind which if you read but his first Book will presently occurre truly he needs not fear that goes in the steps of so authentick an Example Thus having rightly premonished and prepared Thee I will no longer stay Thee at the Threshold of my Work The Historie of the LOW-COVNTREY WARRES The first Book I Enter upon the Historie of a Warre doubtfull whether to call it The Warre of the Low-Countrey-men and the Spaniards or almost of all Europe For to this hour we see it manag'd by the Arms and Purses at least by the Designes and Counsels of so many Nations as if in the Low-Countreys onely the Empire of Europe was to be disputed Wherein many I presume will be concerned to read what their Countrey-men what their Kinsmen have acted in the field The rest though unconcerned may yet desire to know from whence a few Belgick Provinces have had the confidence and strength to fight for threescore years together with a most Potent King on equall terms from whence upon the coast of Holland out of a few fisher-boats there hath sprung up a new State which growing daily stronger in Arms will now brook no Superiour by Land and can have none by Sea That in mighty fleets have sent Plantations to the remotest parts of the Earth That by their Ambassadours making Leagues with Princes carrying themselves as not inferiour to Kings have got a Principality more then ever Europe knew From whence the Belgick soil among the continuall tempests and storms of Warre such as in far shorter troubles have laid other Regions waste and barren affords so great plentie of all things as if the place were as violently bent to maintain a War as the People so that directly you would think Mars onely travels other Countreys and carryes about a running Warre but here seats himself Some indeed have fancied the King of Spain out of Policy to spin out the Low-Countrey War for as a Prince the great body of whose Empire must be spirited with a great soul they conceiv'd he trains his Militia in these Provinces afterwards to dispatch them as the Turk doth his Ianizaries into severall Climates As if his enemies should not be taught in the same school and sure it were more to his advantage their arms should rust with idleness then shine with exercise The Emperour Charles the 5th Prince of the Low = Countreys Ro Vaughan 〈◊〉 Onely thou O God of Peace and Warre for aswell the writers of as the actours in business ought to begin with Prayer do thou guide my mind and pen that not trusting in Prudence that sâ—arches humane secrets but in Wisdome that assists thy throne I may perfect a History worthy the purity of life which I profess equall to the greatness of the work I have designed nor lesse then the exspectation that hath long since called me forth THe bloudy Warre that grievously distempered Europe still continued between the Emperour Charles the fifth and Henry the second King of France to whom their fathers with their Crowns had left their enmities and animosities But Mary Queen of England immediatley upon her marriage with Philip Prince of Spain began seriously to mediate a Peace and followed it so well as this year 1555. the Emperours and Kings Commissioners met at Callice and though the exspected Peace was not then concluded yet there was laid a foundation for Peace in a five years truce Then the Emperour calling his son Philip out of England resolved to execute what he had long determined the resignation of his Crowns and be Authour of a Prodigie unknown in Princes Courts When he might reign to give it off This secret divulged through the Low-countries brought men from all parts to Bruxels and on the twenty fifth of October the day appointed for meeting of the three Estates the Knights of the order of the Golden fleece and the Magistrates The Emperour in the great Hall of his Pallace commanding Philip King of England Maximilian King of Bohemia and Emanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy to sit on
sing Prayers He often read Saints lives and discoursed of holy things more frequently then he accustomed he washed out the stains of his Conscience by Confession of his sinns and are the bread of Angels though sometimes not fasting for which he had a dispensation by reason of the weakness of his stomack granted by the Pope Nay with a discipline of platted cords so much prevailed the example of others and a mind once conquerour over it self he put himself to constant sharp penance for his former life Which Discipline King Philip ever had in great veneration and a little before his death commanded it to be brought to him and as it was stained in the bloud of Charles his father he sent it to his sonn Philip the third and they say it is still preserved among the pious monuments of the House of Austria Lastly upon occasion of those funerall Obsequies which he celebrated for his Mother on the Anniversary of her decease a new desire set him a longing if it were lawfull to celebrate his own funeralls advising hereupon with Iohn Regula a Father of the Convent and his Confessour when he told him it was though without president yet a pious and meritorious act he commanded immediately that all funerall preparations should be made A Herse was therefore set up in the Church torches lighted and his servants in black stood about it the Service for the dead being mournfully sung by the Religious men He himself surviving his own funeralls beheld in that imaginary last office the true tears of his attendance He heard the Hymn wishing him happy rest among the Saints and he himself singing with them prayed for his own soul till coming near him that officiated and delivering him the torch he held lighted in his hand with eyes lifted up to heaven he said Thou great Iudge of life and death I humbly beseech thee as the Priest takes from me this wax-light I offer so thou at last in thine own good time wilt graciously please to receive my Spirit which I commend into thy hands arms and bosome Then as he was in a loose mourning garment he lay down upon the floor all the Church beginning to weep a fresh and as he had been laid forth to take their last farwell It seems the Emperour by these feigned Rites plaid with approaching death for two dayes after his personated Obsequies he fell into a fever which by little and little consuming him the Archbishop of Toledo gave him all the supplies by the Christian Church appointed for the struggling soul and the Monks that came frequently out of their Cels into his Bed-chamber prayed God to send their Guest a happy convoy to the mansion of the Blessed and on the Eve of the Evangelist S. Matthew in the eight and fiftieth year of his age whereof he onely lived two years with a great sence of Piety and Religion he departed this life His death was attended with conspicuous signes in Heaven and Earth For a while after he sickned there was seen a blazing star in Spain at first somewhat dimm but as his disease increased so it grew in brightness and at last shooting its fiery hair point blank against the Monastery of S. Iustus in the very hour the Emperour died the Comet vanished Nor happened this without admiration in the Emperours garden sprung a Lilly which at the same time put forth two buds The one as it is usuall blowing in the Moneth of May The other though as well watered gave no signe of laying its great belly all the Spring and Summer but that night wherein the Emperours soul put off the garment of his body the Lilly suddenly breaking her Challice with an unseasonable and unexspected Spring began to blow It was likewise observed by all that this Lilly laid upon the high Altar for men to view was received as a happy and white omen Thus Charles the fifth when he had enjoyed his Fathers kingdomes fourty years the Empire six and thirty and himself two after the resignment of all these left it doubtful whether he merited more honour in so long governing the Empire and many Kingdoms or in relinquishing them all together Yet I am not ignorant this Act was then diversly censured and at this day the Emperours resignment is an argument for Rhetoricians to declaim upon in the Schools and Politicians at Court But omitting the conceptions of these men and such builders of Castles in the air I will give you the common and most probable opinions Philip the Second King of Spaine Prince of the Low-countreys Ro Vaughan sculp But whatsoever it was King Philip after his Fathers decease disposing of his new Dominions instead of Mary Queen of Hungary substituted in the government of the Low-Countreys and Burgundy Emmanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy who besides his nearness of bloud to Charles the fifth had given him many proofs of his experience in the Warrs especially in those Provinces against the French Nor were his great abilities less usefull to King Philip in the War that welcomed him to his new Principality For though the Kings Henry and Philip in the beginning of this year by the mediation of Mary Queen of England had made a five years truce at Cambray yet by reason of the Warre flaming between the Pope and King Philip the Truce within the year was broken the Spaniard laying the fault upon the French and the French upon the Spaniard King Henry called into Italy by the Caraffi embraced the specious pretence of protecting the Pope but peradventure he looked not so much upon the cause as upon the issue of the War easily believing he should conquer this new and unexperienced Prince having at more then one Battel overthrown so old a Souldier and so great a Conquerour as his Father And now the French having past the Alps under the Duke of Guise's Command fought for the Pope in Italy and at the same time entring the Low-Countreys under the Conduct of Colligni plundred the Province of Artois Whilest King Philip the Duke of Alva strongly prosecuting his affairs in Italy on the one part prevailed with his Wife to denounce War against King Henry on the other part he commanded Philibert Duke of Savoy to make an introde into France by whose valour and conduct he won that memorable Victory at S. Quintins which put all France into a shaking fit insomuch as the greattest part of their Gentry being prisoners to the Spaniard the rest marched into Italy it was the common fear if the Conquerour came on he would easily possess himself of Paris most of the Townsmen being fled to the neighbouring cities as if the Spaniard were at their gates But King Henry commanding the Duke of Guise out of Italy and raising a great Army which is ordinary in France where the children are bred souldiers he soon interrupted the
the Astrologer Gauricus he answered her the Kings head would be endangered by a Duell Others say the very night before his misfortune the Queen had the manner of his death presented in her dream But some who wisely observed not without admitation of Divine justice that the King who in the beginning of his Reign gave way to a serious Duell between two young Gentlemen of great families and with the Lords of his Court sate to behold it should in an unfortunate mock Duell loose both his life and Kingdome Howbeit he was then penitent for the fact and had made a vow never after to allow of any more such fighting and if in this last Tournament he sinned in the vain ostentation of his strength no doubt but he abundantly redeemed it in that admirable and Christian constancie of his soul in her extreamest agony Sure he had contributed much to the religious meekness of the French if he had buried this barbarous Recreation in his tomb This year that I may enlarge my History a little was fatall if we may so call it to many and great Princes that dyed one after another especially since no contagion reigned among the People very few vulgar corpses being then buried yet in the compass of one year most of the Lords of Europe were entombed There dyed the Emperour Charles the fifth and Henry the second of France Christian King of Denmark and Christiern also King of Denmark the last onely surviving four and twenty dayes Queen Elianor sister to Charles the fifth married first to Emmanuel King of Portugall then to Francis the first of France Mary who followed her brother Charles the fifth within less then a moneth and a Queen of England of that name and Bona Sfortza mother to Sigismund Augustus King of Poland the other two were wives to Kings one to Lodowick of Hungary the other to Philip the second of Spain There died Pope Paul the fourth attended by the funerals of ten Cardinals two Princes Electors the Archbishop of Cullen and the Prince Palatine Laurentius Priulus Duke of Venice and Hercules Este Duke of Ferrara not to name inferious Princes whose continued Obsequies filled the Annual Register so as that season seemed to be Deaths greater Harvest when he cropt the heads of Nations as Tarquin struck off the Poppy-heads King Philip therefore having now concluded a Peace departed with his Queen from Savoy into Italy for King Henries death had altered no part of the agreement and before his going into Spain to take possession of his Kingdomes he thought it best to settle not onely the Civil and Military but likewise the Ecclesiasticall State of the Low-Countreys Belgica by Forreiners called Flanders from the noblest part of it and the Low-Countreys from the low situation or as the Germans will have it from affinity with their language and manners is known by the name of the lower Germany it is indeed a little parcel of Europe as not much exceeding the fifth part of Italy nor above a thousand miles in compasse yet I hardly know any Countrey more rich or populous The Prince making as much of Flanders as the Kings of England set by the revenues of the Church used to do of that large Island It containeth Cities or Towns equall to Cities above three hundred and fiftie great Villages to omit the lesser above six thousand three hundred besides Forts that stand so thick as if the ground were sown with them Yet the ingeniousness of the People and their contrivance is such as their variety and plenty of manufactures are more then can be used in the narrow bounds of this one Nation The world hath not a more industrious richer or constanter Militia so as Mars seems here to set up school and teach the Art of War to people that come hither from all climates Then what unknown sea-coasts and Regions beyond the Line hath not the Hollander discovered as much as Nature by Land contracts their limits so much by Sea have they opened to themselves larger Countreys which they have subdued and peopled extending as it were the Suburbs of the seventeen Provinces The Cloth and Stuff they make not onely fill as great as it is all Europe but far and wide through every Nation of Africa and Asia they daily bear about the Low-Countreys Nay the West-Indians trucking for their Linen and Woollen have learned the names of the Low-Countrey cities To conclude we seldome at this day admire the workmanship of any Engines which the Low-Countrey men have not either invented or brought unto perfection Heretofore their wits were indeed kept under and depressed when their fortune was as low as their Countrey Now there is an other age and other manners Their love to learning their skill in Sea-fights their gainfull trade of Navigation the well-ordering of the Common-wealth by themselves created their stupendious Fire and Water-works proofs of no dejected natures are scarce any where to be matched I am sure so many together are not to be seen in all the rest of Europe as in this little plot of the Low-Countreys It is likewise proper to this Nation if left to themselves to hate fraud and by that credit which they know they themselves deserve to measure others They are not greatly taken with presents at least not long using benefits like flowers that please while they are fresh their sense of injuries is the same which they presently forget and easily pass over unless they conceive themselves sleighted then their fury is implacable They have likewise a shrewd guess of their own strength seldome undertaking any thing they do not compass Yet no people under heaven drive on a subtiler traffick either by Sea or Land inhabiting both the Elements and not obliged by the Laws of either In this they exceed that how great soever their gains or losses are a Common case with Merchants they passe it over with so little and dull a sense of joy or grief as you would think them factours for others not owners of the goods I suppose out of the native temper of their minds and the air of their Countrey that quickens them with colder spirits But in maintaining their liberty they are very fierce for they hold it an honour to undervalue all things in respect of that wherein they sometimes come nearer to licentiousness then liberty The whole Region of Belgica is divided according to their own calculation into seventeen Provinces which not long ago were either by affinity or traffick or arms associated under the Government of one Prince Philip was the first of all the Dukes of Burgundy under whose protection many more Belgick Provinces put themselves then ever submitted to any other For Burgundy Brabant Flanders Limburgh Lucemburgh Artois Haynolt Namurs Holland Zeland Frizeland the Marquisate of the sacred Empire were solely in his possession To these his sonne Charles
long since been in the Low-countreys and there served a Volunteer against the French at his return for Italy he was an earnest suiter to King Philip to whom he delivered his son Alexander that he would please to restore him the Castle of Piacenza kept as yet with a Spanish Garrison The King though he resolved not to grant his suit yet lest the Prince should return discontented whom by long experience he had found faithfull and serviceable to the Crown of Spain in his command against Herecules the French Generall in the War of Italy and the obedience of whose Cisalpine Countreys would greatâ—y advantage Spain conferred the Government of the Low-countreys and Burgundy upon his wife acquainting the Duke with it as if he did it for his sake assuring himself whilest those Provinces which he looked upon with so much love and care were in his absence committed to the Farnezes they would rest well contented with so high an argument of confidence and affection Nor did Octavio sleight the favour nay as it often happens that a present bounty is the step to a future rise he hoped by the tie of this Government every day more to endear his Majestie to his Sister and to the House of the Farnezes The King lessened not that hope which he knew would serve to make the Farnezes intentive to the Government of the Low-countreys for by how much the Governess might advance his interest in the Low-countreys as well because of her Religion as her Prudence so much the gladder he was to have such Pledges from them The King therefore not onely kept his son Alexander to aw the mother but he thought it concerned him to give the father hope of the Castle of Piacenza well knowing some mens natures are more obliged by receiving one then many benefits Margaret Dutchesse of Parma and Piacenza Daughter to Charles the 5th Governesse of the Lowcountreys His Majesty having thus instructed the Governess and assigned her an Annuall persion of thirty six thousand Crowns to encrease the publick joy in the assemblie of the Estates at Gant he created eleven Knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece in their places that were deceased for so many wanted to make up fifty one the number to which Charles the fifth had multiplied the Order whereas Duke Philip the Founder at first onely instituted twenty five and after added six to make up the number one and thirty Lastly the King appointed a time to hear the Petitions of the Deputies to the Estates Where Granvel in the Kings name made a speech to them answered by Borlutius of Gant Speaker for the Estates Granvell gave reasons for the Kings going into Spain Declared Margaret Dutchess of Parma under the Kings Majestie Supreme Governess of the Low-countreys and Burgundy she then sitting by the King Disputed for the Old Religion against Hereticks that corrupted it And in the first place earnestly commended the protection and observance of Religion to the Governess till his Majestie should return to the Low-countreys Borlutius after he had presented the Estates humble thanks and promises of obedience to the King and Governess delivered the Heads of their desires That his Maiestie by the example of his Father the Emperour would please to call out of the Low-countreys all forrein forces and use none but their own Coâ—ntrey Garrisons nor admit of any Alien to sit in the Great Councel The King giving them fair hopes promised to with-draw the forrein souldiers that remained for he had already freed them of the maior part within foure moneths next ensuing So dissolving the Assembly all his business in the Low-countreys being now dispatched From Gant he passed to Zelanâ— and weighing anchors from the port of Ulâ—â—hen in the moneth of August made a happy voyage into Spain The Governess the Dutchess of Parma and the Duke of Savoy having waited on the King aboard the Duke with his Princely Bride tooke leave for Italy Her Excellence retired to Bruxels the ancient seat of the Belgick Princes and in September one thousand five hundred fiftie and nine began her Government over the Low-countreys The End of the first Book The Historie of the LOW-COVNTREY WARRES The second Book KIng Philips departure from the Low-Countreys fell out very inconvenient for that new condition of affairs For every change in Cities and Kingdomes like young trees when they are transplanted had need of present looking to till we be sure they have taken root Doubtless it had been farre better for the Netherlands if the King so the necessities of Spain would have permitted had stayed there for some time till he had seen at a nearer distance the course and motions of things which he had altered in those parts And not to have taken them upon trust from others uncertain relations For many times the water changes the tast by running long and severall wayes under ground nor can he that drinks it a farre off judge of it so well as he that sits at the spring head and hath it from the fountain Truly the King had with more certainty looked into the designes of men and consequently the misfortune had been less which after he left them involved the Low-Countreys in a difficult and tedious warre And as when his father Charles went into Germany to be crowned Emperour the Spaniards immediately took up arms against his Lieutenants so the Low-Countreymen when K. Philip went for Spain to take possession of his Kingdome after they had kept a foot a civill war between them and their governours at last the confederate Provinces fell off from their obedience to their Prince The causes of which evils I being now to represent I must confess I never read of any tumult or war whose originall was so variously and contradictorily reported by the People and written by Historians I believe that some when they found the reasons that went currant for causes of this war fat too weak for the raising of so great commotions they themselves guessed at others that rather agreed with the writers wit then the truth of history Some again have framed causes according to their factions and religions passing over all those in silence that made against their party Others not so much to cozen the Reader as being cozened themselves with the shew of pretended causes ignorant how much Causes and Beginnings differ have failed to clear the originals of these differences When an Historian is obliged first to inform himself of the beginnings of Peace and War or of Seditions and what their grounds and causes were and in the next place to inform his Readers lest they not understanding the difference of causes and beginnings should judge amiss of actions and events and so History the mistress of wisdome become the handmaid of errour Nor was it an idle dispute among the ancient Historians what was the ground of the warre wherein
the remainder of the publique Composition-money Hereticall Temples built in diverse Cityes she commanded to be pulled downe which the people did with so good a will that at Gant which is almost incredible a great Lutheran Synagogue in one houres space was levelled with the Ground You would think these were new Cityes and new People which a few months before having been zealous to the cause and stood Body and Soule in defence of the Hereticall Party were so changed as to offer their service in pulling downe of their Temples as if that could excuse Indeed they destroyed the Monuments and Memoriall of their Fault with such speed especially in the Province of Flanders that the beames of the Churches which they ruined served for Gallowses to hang their late Worke-men and Audience Thus the fire kindled by the peoples discontents blowne to a flame by the Bellowes in the Pulpit fed by the Emulation of the Lords and finally scattered abroad by the faction of the Gheuses devouring and destroying the Lowcountries was so damped and extinguished by the Governesse that Religion and Obedience were every where restored the Hereticks restrained by punishment or forced to fly the Country some few getting their Pardons others forfeiting their Estates and living in Banishment so as the Covenanteers were reduced to poverty and the wallet that is they were made true Gheuses and at last all the Lowcountryes enjoyed their antient Peace and Tranquility One thing amidst so many happinesses did not a little afflict the Governesse who observed that multitudes of Lowcountrymen which could not make their peace frighted with report of the Army comming out of Spaine daily left their Habitations and to the great dammage of the Cities carried away their Merchandise Manufactures and consequently the Gaines into other Nations Wherefore she had often intreated his Majesty that either he would give her Authority to pardon and settle the Provinces or else which she thought would be best to come himselfe among his Subjects now quiet and willing to obey not terrifying them with an army but receiving them to mercy And the Later of these two Courses the King indeed in many of his Letters to the Governesse promised to make use of But how he came to alter this reall or pretended Resolution and in stead of Coming in Person to send Ferdinand Toledo Duke of Alva his Lieutenant thither because it was the great businesse of Spaine and for a whole yeare agitated at the Councell Board I will here with my best industry give you a full view of those Proceedings The Governesse from the very begining desired the Kings Presence and wrote out of her experience of the present Evill and her foresight of a greater yet to come that it was incurable without an Application from his Royall Hand which the Lowcountrymen would take for a Favour lest they should be forced to indure torments inflicted by a Servant Many Spanish Lords of the Councell were of the same Opinion nay Pope Pius the fifth wrote Letters and sent Peter Camaianus Bishop of Asculum to perswade him to passe with an Army into the Lowcountryes where no doubt his presence would compose the Motions of his Subiects and timely prevent the private Designes of some great Persons But if in such a precipitate Mischeife he should either delay his going or act there by any of his Ministers of State he much feared the Lowcountryes might change their Religion and the King lose the Lowcountryes His Majesty upon these and the like Advises from the Netherlands Spaine and Rome resolved to go in person Commanders were listed Shipping provided and his meniall Servants that were to attend him named And lest this warrelike Preparation might be get a Ielousy in the minds of princes his Majesty satisfied them by his Ambassadours of his true Intent in that Expedition against the Lowcountrymen The King of France was desired to giue the Spanish Army Passage through the Provinces of Narbon and Lions To Emanuell Filibert Duke of Savoy upon whom he much relyed the King sent Iohn Acugnia to advise with him what time by what way he he would direct him to bring his Army and which were the most dangerous Places for Ambuscadoes and to intreat him to send his Majesty a Chart exactly describing the Cityes Forts by which every day his Souldiers were to march with the locall intervalls dimensions who therfore desired the whole Country between Savoy Burgundy might be accurately measured and put in Colours to which end Gabriell Cueva Duke of Alburcher Governour of Millaine should send him Captaine Campin an exquisite Enginere with a painter and a Surveyer lest his Majesty might might upon the way encounter any thing new upon which he had not preconsidered But the more earnestly and formally the Particulars were requested the lesse they were intended for Security being only to amuse the world and in all these Punctualityes and curious Accommodations for his March there was nothing of substance all meerly Show and Colour Nor can any man perswade mee that King Philip a subtill and ambitious Prince would at that time leave his chiefe strength when he found some beginnings of the Rebellion of the Moores and was inwardly so much offended with his Son Charles Prince of Spaine For should he take his Son along into the Low-Countries and bring the Lords a Patron for their cause which the Prince was thought privatly to favour or leave him behind and trust him with Spain which it was likely he would involve in Tumults when he was left to himselfe whose fierce nature even his Majesty could hardly moderate in the time of peace But the King concealed these Reasons and with new Preparations fed the Rumour of his Voiage thereby to keepe the Lowcountry-Lords in more obedience and to have the fairer Pretence to put off the Emperour whom the Lords as it was said meant to make Arbiter from interessing himselfe in the businesse of the Lowcountryes and by the fame of an Army to deterre others from fomenting the Faction of the Gheuses The King was hâ—lpen in his dissimulation by a quartan Ague which holding him long was thought to be the Cause of his Delay especially for that he still continued his care and provisions for the Voiage Though some of his nearest Servants knowing all this to be but Pageantry suspected his Ague likewise to be fained But when the King was recovered and that by Letters from the Governesse his Majesty was certified of the Rebellion of some Townes and Danger of all unlesse prevented by his Coming quickned with Griefe and Anger he made all things ready with such formall Hast as not a Servant in his Court no not the Lowcountry-Embassadours the Marquis of Bergen and the Lord Montin thaâ— had often Laughed at the Comedy of the Royall expedition did now doubt the truth of it
Margaret of Parma to be Governesse of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 20. is commended to her by his Majestie l. 2. p. 40 his favour and power with the Governess ibid. and p. 41. l. 3. p. 68. his dextâ—rity in giving counsel l. 2. p. 40. he Acts for the new Bishops l. 3. p. 65. is hated by the Lords l. 3. p. 66. and Commons p. 71. The Lords envie emulation and malice towards him l. 2. p. 39. l. 3. p. 67. 68 72 74. The greatness of his spirit in despising his Rivalls l. 2. p. 42. he approves not the sending away of the Spanish souldiers out of the Low-countreys l. 3. p. 51. at last consents to it ibid. is created Cardinal by Pius the fourth l. 3. p. 54. why for a while he deferred the acceptance of his scarleâ— ibid. he receives his Robes and Hat sent from Rome as an extraordinary favour ibid. what benefit he aimed at in being made Cardinall p. 54. 55. he consults with his brother the Spanish Ambassadour touching the French affairs p. 55 58. What his opinion was concerning the exchange of Sardinia for Navarre l. 3. p. 58 59. he is defended by the Governess l. 3. p. 68. and 72. by the King p. 71. Three Lords write a letter against him to his Majesty l. 3. p. 72. the Kings answer l. 3. p. 74. he speaks in Senate against the ambition of the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 67. his power with the Governess decreaseth l. 3. p. 74. the danger of his life p. 75. Scandalous Libels against him l. 4. p. 77. the giving of Hoods for Cognizances was thought to be a combination against him l. 4. p. 77 78. l. 5. p. 115. l. 7. p. 49. he is called out of the Low-countreys l. 4. p. 79. the Kings letters that discharged him dejected him not ibid. his words as if he desired a manumission from publick imployment ibid. he would gladly have been commanded into Spain ibid. the King sends him to Burgâ—â—â—diâ— l. 4. p. 80. He goes giving out that he is shortly to return ibid. a plot to keep him from coming back ibid. he goes to Rome to the Conclave l. 4. p. 81 is employed by King Philip in his affairs at Rome ibid. especially in the transaction of the holy League against the Turk ibid. He is created Vice-roy of Naples ibid. and delivers the Christian Colours to Don Iohn of Austria ibid. returning to Rome he labours in the Conclave for the election of Gregory the xill l. 4. p. 81. going back to Naples he offends the Pope in a controversie with the Archbishop of Naples p. 82 which is at last composed ibid. the report of his return to the Low-countreys is there believed l. 7. p. 68. he treats in the Kings name with Margaret of Parma and Alexander Farneze to accept of a joynt-commission for the government of the Low-countreys l. 9. p. 47. he is sent for into Spain by the King and there made President of his Italian Councel l. 4. p. 82. his liberty in speaking to the Grandees and to the King himself ibid. he governs Spain in the Kings absence p. 82. is honoured by him at his return ibid. at Ausburg he marries Katharine daughter of King Philip to Charles Emmanuel Duke of Savoy ibid what he said when he heard the Duke of Alva had not taken the Prince of Orange l. 6. p. 33. he dieth at Madrid l. 4. p. 83. his bodie is transported to Besançon ibid. his principall commendations p. 83 Antonio Perez Privie-Seal to Philip the second l. 6. p. 23. l. 9. p. 53. Anthony sonne to Philip Duke of Burgundy â—uart of Brabant l. 9. p. 36 Anthony Painter l. 7. p. 78 Antonio Saulio the Popes Nuncio to the Vice-roy of Naples l. 4. p. 82 Anthony Strall Consul of Antwerp l. 6. p. 33. intimate with the Prince of Orange ibid. beheaded l. 7. p. 49 Antonio de Toledo Prior of Leon a Knight of S. Iohns of Ierusalem l. 6. p. 23 Antwerp one of the chief cities of Brabant l. 5. p. 98. stands much affected to Breâ—erod l. 5. p. 112. a Mutiny in the Town occasioned by the punishment of an Apostate l. 4. p. 84. the number and habit of the Gâ—euses there l. 5. p. 115. the Calvinists frequent sermons l. 5. p. 116. their Tumult l. 5. p. 117 118. upon the News of Tholose's overthrow at Oostervel l. â— p. 4. for the quieting of which stirres they desire to have the Prince of Orange for their Governour l. 5. p. 118. what a multitude of people meet him with acclamations and applauses ibid. their Iconomachy and violation of sacred things l. 5. p. 123. 124. the great Church restored to its use and beauty l. 5. p. 130. l. 6. p. 18. Hereticks hold their Consistories in the Town l. 5. p. 138. Solemn Procession l. 6. p. 28. the sack of it by the Spaniards l. 8. p. 22 23 Antwerpers animated against the Catholicks as farre as from Constantinople l. 5. p. 138. 139. They cunningly offer money to the King l. 5. p. 139. they threaten to Revolt l. 6. p. â— they sue for pardon to the Governess l. 6. p. 17. they offer her to render the town ibid. Antwerp-Fort designed by Margaret of Parma l. 6. p. 20. Built by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 40. entred and kept by the mutinous Spaniards l. 8. p. 5. attempted by Don Iohn l. 9. p. 35. possessed by the Estates ibid. dimolâ—shed l. 9. p. 38 Apologie published by the Prince of Orange l. 1. p. 4. l. 2. p. 38. p. 43. 45. p. 47. Aquila a town l. 9. p. 47 Aranda vide Iuan Archdukes of Austria vide Maximilian and Matthias An Archbishoprick in the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 28 Ardingbel l. 4. p. 91 Aremberg vide Iohn Ligneus Arescâ—ot rendereth it self to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 53. is betrayed l. 10. p. 13 Arscâ—ot the Duke vide Philip Croi Arias Montariâ—s vide Benedictus Armeâ— figures of little men and horses brought to maâ—ch upon a table l. 1. p. 7 Armenterians conspire with the Tournay-Gheâ—ses l. 6. p. 7. their plot is discovered ibid. they are defeated by Nâ—â—carmius l. 6. p. 7. Armenterius vide Thomas Arminius his overthrow compared with that of Lewis of Nassaâ— l. 7. p. 56. 57 Arms of Castile l. 4. p. 78. assumed by the associated Provinces ibid. The Gheuses Arms l. 5. p. 109. the Arms of the Empire vide Empire the Kings Arms l. 7. p. 65. the Arms of death l. 9. p. 41. Army prepared for the Duke of Alva from France l. 7. p. 46. from Spain l. 7. p. 58. from Italy l. 6. p. 25. By Alva in the Low-countreys to be sent into France l. 7. p. 64. Alva musters his Army l. 6. p. 29. it marches in three divisions p. 30. against Don Iohn raised in Germany l. 10. p. 7. sent to him from Italy l. 9. p. 41. Ranged for battel l. 9. p. 50. brought off from the Cannons
Reasons to the German Princes why he was to use Arms in the Low-countries l. 5. p. 133. sends thanks to the King of France l. 5. p. 134. gives notice to the Governesse of his coming into the Netherlands ibid. writes very graciously to the Prince of Orange and other Lords l. 5. p. 140. dislikes the siege of Valenciens l. 6. p 8. prescribes rules to the besiegers ibid. makes all ready for his expedition into the Low-countries l. 6. p. 11. whereof he certifies the Princes of Europe l. 6. p. 21. desires leave to passe thorow the King of France's Dominions ibid. Consults the Duke of Savoy touching his March ibid. hastens it upon the newes of some Low-countrey Townes Revolted l. 6. p. 22. useth new Arguments to shew the necessity of his going Ibid. it is debated in Councel he sends the Duke of Alva before to make his way l. 6. p. 25. 26. writes to the Governesse the reasons why he sent him thither with an Army l. 6. p. 27. gives her thanks and promiseth to come l. 6. p. 29. supplications are made in the Low-countries for the Kings happy Voyage ibid. he Licenceth the departure of the Governesse l. 6. p. 35. he commits his son Charles l. 7. p. 45. his modesty in refusing to have his Statues and Arms set up over the Gates of Cities l. 7. p. 65. he is angry with the Duke of Alva for placing his Statue in the Fort at Antwerp Ibid. Commands it to be taken away ibid. espouseth Anne Daughter to the Emperour Maximilian l. 7. p. 68. substitutes Requesenes Successour to the Duke of Alva in the Low-Countries l. 7. p. 81. agrees with the Pope to help the Queen of Scotland l. 8. p. 16. Leaves the Government of the Low-countries to the Councel of State ibid. p. 17. promiseth to send into the Netherlands Don Iohn of Austria l. 8. p. 19. dispatcheth him thither ibid. l. 10. p. 19. would have him govern the Low-countries without Armes ibid. prohibits the Convention of the Estates l. 8. p. 20. approves of the Pacification at Gant l. 9. p. 30. Commands the Estates to lay down Armes and not to admit the Prince of Orange l. 9. p. 37. gives Orders to the Spanish to march back into the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 41. resolves to Recall the Dutchesse of Parma into the Low-countries and to joyn Alex Faranâ—ze in commission with her l. 9. p. 47. refuseth the Conditions of Peace offered by the Q of England l. 9. p. 49. treats with the Deputies of the Estates l. 10. p. 6. sends new supplies into the Low-Countries ibid. is Jealous of Don Iohn l. 10. p. 19. is informed that his brother is to marry the Queen of England l. 10. p. 20. entrusts the full power both of the Civil and Military Government of the Low-countries to Alexander Farnâ—ze l. 10. p. 23. answers to the Requests made by Don Iohn upon his death-bed ibid. offended with the Duke of Alva confines him to Uzeda l. 7. p. 82. calls him from exile to be his General against Portugall ib. his saying touching his experience of the Vicissitude of Worldly things ibid. his death l. 1. p. 7. Philip the third son to Philip the second receives from his dying Father the bloody whip wherewith Charles the fifth disciplined himself Ibid. Philip Charles Barlamont nominated Governour of the Low-countries by Requesenes upon his death-bed l. 8 p. 16. vide Charles Count Barlamont Philip Duke of Burgundy surnamed the Good how many Low-countrey Provinces he had l. 1. p. 15. he Institutes the Order of the Golden Fleece l. 1. p. 17. l. 4. p. 94. to what number he limited the Knights l. 1. p. 25. he had it in his thoughts to increase the number of the Bishops l. 1. p. 18. his marriage with Isabella of Portugall l. 4. p. 94. Philip Connix his head with an Inscription cast by the Spaniards into the Town of Harlem l. 7. p. 78. Philip Count St. Paul Ruart of Brabant l. 9. p. 36 Philip Croi Duke of Aresebot Commander of a Troop of Horse l. 1. p. 17. l. 3. p. 64. affectionate to Religion and the King l. 8. p. 17. sent by the Governesse to the Imperial Diet l. 3. p. 71. exasperated by Count Egmont against Granvell l. 3. p. 72. he withdraws himself from the Combination ibid. followes Granvells party l. 4. p. 78 81. l. 5. p. 103. votes against the admission of the Covenanters ibid. joynes to oppose the Faction of the Gâ—euses l. 5. p. 111. wears in his Hat the Image of our Lady of Hall ibid. his piety commended by the Governesse to Pope Pius ibid. sent by the Governesse to the Rebels at Valenciens l. 6. p. 9. takes the Oath of fidelity to the King l. 6. p. 11. is accounted Prince of the Senate l. 8. p. 19. invited by the Prince of Orange ibid. alienated from the Spaniard ibid. sent to the Prince of Orange by Don Iohn of Austria l. 9. p. 33. discovers to Don Iohn many designes against him l. 9. p. 35. offended at the Prince of Orange's power l. 9. p. 38. Philip Count Egmont son to Lamoral received at Bruxels with great joy of the Estates l. 8. p. 22. enters Antwerp with his Regiment of Walloones Ibid. undauntedly opposeth the Spaniard is taken Prisoner ibid. exchanged l. 9. p. 31. Commander of Horse at Gemblac l. 9. p. 50. and at the Battel at Rimenant l. 10. p. 10. Philip Eric brother to the Duke of Brunswick l. 5. p. 132. Philip William Count Buron eldest son to the Prince of Orange l. 8. p. 19. left by his father a Student in the Vniversity of Lâ—vaine l. 6. p. 14. sent into Spain by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 42. bred a Catholick ibid. Philip Landtgrave of Hessen l. 1. p. 9. l. 5. p. 53. his plot to break the match between the Prince of Orange and Princess Anne of Saxony ibid. he Christens the Prince of Orange his son l. 4. p. 87. adviseth the Governess to the confession of Ausburg l. 5. p. 134. what he perswaded the Duke of Brunswick ibid. he sends an Embassage to the Governess l. 6. p. 18. Philip Holach Generall for the Estates l. 9. p. 49. besiegeth Breda ibid. takes it by stratagem ibid. 49. assaults Ruremond and is beat off ibid. Philip Lalin Commander of foot for the Estates l. 9. p. 49. Philip Lanoy Lord of Beavor follows Tholose to Ostervell l. 6. p. 3. fights him ibid. is victorious l. 6. p. 4. incounters the Covenanters at Tornay l. 7. p. 50. his death l. 8. p. 2. Philip King of Macedon l. 4. p. 82 Philip Maillard a Calvinist committed to prison l. 3. p. 62 rescued by the multitude ibid. condemned ibid. Philip Marbese Lord of Lovarvall a Colonell holds play with the Royallists at the river Geta l. 7. p. 61. wounded and taken l. 7. p. 62. beheaded ibid. Philip Marnixius Lord of Saint Aldegund one of Calvins Disciples l. 9. p. 34. formes
about the Beginnings of the Low-countrey tumâ—lts Ostentation of wit Faction Ignorance of the difference between Beginnings and Causes Which difference is principally to be observed and explained by an Historian So did the ancient and best writers Fab. Pict in his Annalls Tit. Liv. l. 21. Polyb. l. 3. To follow whose examples it is easie for a man acquainted with Princes secrets The Low-Countreymens Priviledges very great Lud. Guicciardin in Descrip. Belg. From whence this evil had its Originall because the King trencht upon them three wayes The retaining of the Spanish souldiers 〈◊〉 first Cause of their 〈…〉 The Low-Countreymen are aggrieved Instigated by the Prince of Orange And exasperated by the Spaniards the 〈◊〉 Hence grew their 〈…〉 the King 〈◊〉 Cause is 〈…〉 wholly to 〈…〉 to the Low-Countrey-men Not to the King Whether the Belgick tumults are to be derived from this fountain Multiplying the number of Bishops the second cause of Insurrection The complaints made thereupon By the old Bishops The Lords temporall The Abbots And almost all that stood for the Low-countrey priviledges In 2. Addit ad â—aetum introitum Principis Hispaniae Artic. 24. What those priviledges were Artic. â—6 And how violated by increase of Bishops For which many men rail at And threaten the King Artic. 5. Some argued for his Majestie From Precedents in other countreys Which makes against the complaints of the old Bishops Baronius ann 639. 741. Extrav Solvator de Praebend Dignit As likewise against the temporall Lords And against the Abbots Aubertus Miraeus in Notitia Episc. The literal sense of their priviledges Whence some infer that they were not broken June 4. 1561. apud Arnold Havens de novis Episc. l. 2. Jun. 4. 1561. Arnol. Haves de nov Episc. l. 2. and adde the decision of the Lovain Doctors and necessity the greatest of Priviledges And that the King was not obliged to summon the Estates Generall Nor out of his own purse to allow maintenance for the Bishops Especially when he gave them Pensions Whether the beginning of the tumults may be deduced from hence The Inquisition the third cause of Insurrections The first occasion of introducing it into the Government of the Church The different forms thereof Established in Rome Constit. 34. Licet Not without Penalties J Manich and l. Quicunque C. De haereticis C. ut inquisitionis de haereticis in 6. In Spain especially from the year 1383. Martin Luthers Heresie makes it every where strictly observed Emp. Max. 1. Gratian. Theod Arcad. Honor Martian c. Charles the fifth his Edict against Luther and hereticks Leoâ— Seven times the Emperour renued it The Brabanters refuse the Inquisition King Philip confirms his Fathers Edicts Commands the execution thereof to the Governess The Governess to the Magistrates The Magistrates let it cool The Brabanters still refuse The people differ in opinions The common discourse against the Inquisition and the Emperours Edicts In the Lateran Councel under Innocent iii. Tumults caused by fear of the Inquisition and punishment of Delinquents Some men censure the King Others excuse him C. Sane 2. de Off. Potest Jud. lib. 1. §. Quiâ—manda tam. 〈◊〉 de Off. ejus Of the Prince of Orange His Ancestours came out of Germany Into the Low-countreys Ann. 1292. The Prince of Orange in his Apol. 1581. Their power in the Netherlands Anno 1544. The birth of the Prince of Orange Henr. Ranzou in exemplis Astvol Michael Airzinger in Leone Belg. His Nativity calculated His civill And military education Called the ordinary Bands Emmanuel Fishberti Duke of Savoy His favour at Court Some suspect him The Emperour answers all Objections And commends him to the King The King makes great account of him The Causes of his Discontent His Designe His Wit and Manners Which relished not of Courtship or Levity The splendour of his Family His doubtfull Religion He declares himself a Calvinist Apology 1518. His Apology Anno 1518. Whether from his heart or no is uncertain Ann. 1581. He was Hostage for K. Philip to Henry K. of France Ann. 1581. He discovers both the Kings designes against the hereticks And from thence takes his hint for Commotion Ann. 1559. Beginning at the Convention of the Knights of the Golden Fleece out of the same Apology Hoventius Momorancy Lord Montany Anthony Lalin Count Hochstrat Starting matter for sedition out of the Spanish souldiers 1559. In the some Apology Out of the new Bishops In his said Apol and so Granvel writes Ann. 1582. Out of the Inquisition Out of Granvels power Out of the troubles arising in the Duke of Alva's government The mutinous Citizens and the Hereticks desire to have the Prince of Orange for their Generall Anne daughter to Maurice Duke of Saxonie He offers himself To the destruction of the Publick The Causes and Occasions of the Belgickâ—nmults â—nmults summed up 1559. The Spanish souldiers have Orders to depart 4. Octob. Their Departure countermanded by the King Whereat the Low-countreymen rage And grow desperate Tacitus in his Annals l. 13. Called the Consult 1560. The Consulters are of opinion the souldiers should not be stayed 1560. Of the same mind were all the Councell of State 1560. But onely Granvell Who at last consents The Governesses Express to the King Her private letter 12. Decemb. The King assents in these words The Spanish souldiers sail for Spain 1561. A new Modell of the Foot Touching forrein and domestick souldiers 1562. The Marriage between the Prince of Orange and Princesse Anne daughter to the Duke of Saxony Landgrave of Hessen Anno 1550 The Landgraves Plot to break the match Discovered to the Duke of Saxony 1561. The Nuptials with Princesse Anne celebrated Afterwards he sued out a Divorce Anno 1572 At Brill is Holland Granvel made a Cardinall A Cardinalls hat brought to him He delays his acceptance 25. Feb. 12. Iuly 1562. 27. March The Governess likes not his delay He at last owns the scarlet And hat sent him by speciall favour from his Holiness For which he gives the Governess his reasons as she wrote to the King 29. Novem. 1564. 1562. The Crown of France being endangered succours are sent from the Low-countreys Of the French Tumults The Lutheran Religion brought into France Upon what occasion The City of Paris Its Favourers Margaret of Valois sister to K. Francis T is almost extinguished â—y the King Calvinisme succeeds First among the Commons Afterwards among the Lords Out of their â—mulation and envie 1562. To the Guises Duke Francis and his brother the Cardinall Anthony of Bourbon King of Navarre The Prince of Condè brother to the King of Navarre Gaspar Colligny and his brother Andelot All these were infected with Heresie But the greatest Professour of them was Joan Alibret Queen of Navarre Julius II. The Lord joyn with the hereticall rabble 1559. Against whom assistance is requested of the King of Spain And promised Alibret exasperates her husband against the Catholicks Tit. Liv. l. 1. The conspiracy at
and Duke Arâ—â—chot Who perswade â—hem to obeâ—ieâ—ce Proposing conditions but in vains A geneâ—all Assâ—â—lt resolved 〈◊〉 The 〈◊〉 of Valenciens 1567. Norcarmius takes the Sâ—b urbâ— Gaspar 〈◊〉 Lord of Bill 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 Thâ—y senâ— Commissâ—ners 〈…〉 of surrender Which are not accepted They yield to mercy Norcarmius entâ—rs the Towne Disarmes the Citisens Punishes them Takes away their priviledges 2. Aprill The Governesse commends the Conquerors to the King How highly Norcarmius was famed for restoring the ciâ—iâ—â— and sacred State of the Towne 15. March The consternation of the Rebels The Oath required of the Lords Why the Governesse imposed it Who tooke it C. Brederod refuses 2. Febr. And his command of horse is taken from him And from Count Hochstrate the Government of Mechlin 6. Ian. 1567. Who dissembles his indignation against the Governesse 12. Ian. But discovers it to Count Manâ—feldt 15. Ian. In these words 20. Ian. 1567. 18. March The Prince of Orange likewise refâ—ses the Oath and of his own accord resignes his Governâ—ments The Governesse senâ—s Bertius to him Whâ— gives him Reasons for taking of the Oath The Prince of Orange heares and answers him with Reasons The first The Second The Third The Fourth The Fifth The Last and indeed the true Reason conâ—â—rned the Duke of Alva Bertius replyes to every Particular Allegation But perswades not Yet brings him to a conference Nothing done The Prince of Orange's farewell admonition to Count Egmont His Letter to the Governesse April 4. He leaves the Low countryes Egmont takes the Oath Ioynes with the King's Party declares himselfe an enemy to the Covenanters Their Friendship with him is broken Whereupon followes a great change Many renounce the Covenant The Conspiraâ—â—uâ—s leave the Low-countryes Especially the Hereticks The Recovery of Maestricht The Bishop of â—iege intercedes for the Towne Heâ—ricus Dionysius Why the Governesse denyes him Maestricht yieldes Norcarmius punishes them Of the Render of Bolduc and Antwerp They of the Bus feare the Governesse's Army And labour to appease her But cannot dâ—e it They yeild to mercy 18. Aprill Antwerpe sues for pardon which they deserve for turning the Hereticks out of Towne It being a very difficult worke The Governesse will not grant their Pardon unlesse they take a Garrison of her men They yeild upon her Excellencies owne termes She sending her Army beforeâ— Enters the Towne Triumphantly Restores things sacred And orders the Civill Government of the City An Embassage sent from the Princes of Germany Which the Governesse would gladly have put off But they are admitted And heard Speaking out of a Booke To whom she returnes this Answer They are dismissed all of them unsatisfied Save the Saxon Embassadour The Covenanteers go downe the wind in Holland Out of which they are beaten by Count Megen Their Plandershippe taken by Count Aremberg's men C. Brederod the remaining Conspiratour at first braves the Governesse At last his heart failes him And he departs the Low-Countryes May 1. And this life Holland submits So doth Zeland The Groine and Frizeland And all the infected places of the Netherlands The Governesse puts Garrisons into all the Townes rendred fines them designes Forts Executes the principall Rebells repaires the CatholicksChurches destroyes the hereticall Temples And this with wonderfull contention and alacrity of the People Lastly she restores the Low-countryes to their former tranquility The Gheuses were made Gheuses indeed Many Families leave the Lowcountries which very much troubled the Governesse For remedy whereof she sollicits for the Kings presence there Touching the Kings expedition for the Netherlands which the Governesse holds necessary Pias the 5 th Perswades the King to goe 1566. And Prophesies K. Philip assents and prepares for the journey Whereof he gives notice to the Princes of Europe particularly To the D. of Savoy whose directions His Majestie desires for the safety of his March 1567. Yet all this was dissembled as Strada conceives For these reasons How the King was advantaged by this dissimulation A part well acted Yet not so well but some saw through it The Governess presses the Kings comming with new Arguments And perswades him Though Strada is of opinion that all was but jugling for these Reasons A Councell about the Kings going The Councellors and their Characters D. Alva Rui. Gomez P. of Ebora Cardinall Spinosa Duke of Feria Manr de Lara Antonio de Toledo Fresneda the Kings Confe or Antonio Perez Why the King was there in person Manric de Lara The Prince of Ebora's opinion Fresneda and Perez vote with the Prince The Duke of Alva's judgement quite contrary Spinosa and many others go along with the Duke The Duke of Feria opposes him The summe of his Speech Prince of Ebolo The King seemes to suspend his sentence till their severall Interests had brought them to be of oâ—e Mind The King resolves to send one before to make way for his owne march Names the Duke of Alva for the imployment Provides him an Army in Italy Writes to the Duke of Savoy to victuall his men To the Switz and the Duke of Loraine to give them passage Lyon Car. ix Geneva terrified with news of the Spanish March Ber. Mendoza l. b. a. They send for assistance from the French Calvinists The Prince of Conde and the Colligni promise them protection Raise men and perswade the French K. to fight the Spaniard The King of France finding the Hugonots designe stirrs not Falls sicke at Millaine The Governess likes not the comming of so great an Army whereupon she writes thus to his Majesty 12. Aprill The King Madrid 21. May. Returnes his reason for sending of an Army Of the Marquesse of Bergens death His unfortunate Embassage His sicknesse His complaint of the King May. 21. His death whether poysoned or no His Title Offices and Imployments His impeachment after his decease found guilty of High Treason Her Excellence in the King's name takes Bergen op Zoom May 30. The businesse is not toucht May 21. May 31. The Kings pleasure touching the Estate and Heyre of the Marquesse of Bergen A solemne Procession at Antwerp The Governesse troubled at the Duke of Alva's coming many aggravating her displeasure She writes to Alva to disband part of his Forces Iune 15. He answers that 't is not in his power Rui Gomez Iune 30. Writes to the Governesse the cause of the Duke's coming Iuly 1. The King promises his personall presence A Fleete made ready to transport his Majesty Publick Prayers for his happy Voyage All to no purpose Suetonius in Tiberio The Duke of Alva musters his Army Asta in Piemont What Horse and Foote Foure Spanish Colonels Alph. Vlloae Sanchio Lodoâ— nius Juliano Romero Gonsalvo Brachamonte Ferdinando bastard-son to the Duke of Alva Chiapinio Vitelli Campe-master Melzius l. 1. c. 7. Francisco Paciotto Engineer Gabriel Serbellio Master of the Ordinance Antonio Olivera Commissary Generall of the Horse who first brought this Office into the Low-countryes Charles Davalo Bernardino Mendoza
of Burgundy apperteining to the Belgick Princes when his Majestie approved and confirmed the present Governour thereof Claudius Vergius Lord of Champlitt and it was the year following when Claudius died that her Excellence of Parma by her letters to the King obtained Burgundy for the Prince of Orange The Provinces thus disposed for Brabant is never commanded by any but the Prince and his Vicegerent the supream Governour of the Low-Countreys the King began to order the Militia and leaving Spanish Garrisons upon the Borders he thought of disposing the Horse the proper Militia of the Low-countreys They say it is very ancient and was far more numerous Charles the fifth lessened it to three thousand but then he encreased it in the choise of Noble and valiant persons he armed them with half pikes and carabines which so well they handled as the Low-countrey Troops were famous over Europe Philip by his fathers example divinding the Horse into fourteen Troops appointed over them so many Commanders of the greatest of his Lords viz. all the said Governours of Provinces Courir and the Count of East-Frizland excepted Philip Croi Duke of Aresco Maximilian Hennin Count of Bolduke Anthony Ladin Count Hochstrat Iohn Croi Count Reux Henry Brederod Earl of Holland all but the last being Knights of the Golden Fleece These ordinary Troops the King used to draw out of their Quarters according to the emergencies of Warr. And King Philip by experience found these to be his greatest strength and best Bulwark against the valour of the French But the command of the Sea and the Royall Fleet he left still in the hands of the old Admiral Philip Momorancy Count Horn Philip Staveley Lord of Glaion he made Master of the Train of Artillery both highly meriting in Peace and War and therefore at the same time admitted by his Majestie into the order of the Fleece There yet remained a part of the Republick by how much the more noble and sacred by so much the more tenderly to be handled To the seventeen Provinces full of People because foure Bishops they had then no more were not thought enough the King resolved to increase the number I find it was endeavoured by Philip Duke of Burgundy Prince of the Low-Countreys he that instituted the Order of the Golden Fleece and dying bequeathed the establishment thereof to his Son Charles sirnamed the Fighter or Souldier from his continuall being in arms which altogether transported and took up the mind of this warlike Prince Nor had Philip grandchild to Charles the Fighter Son to his onely daughter and Maximilian King of the Romanes more leasure to pursue it by reason of the new troubles of the Kingdoms which he had in right of his wife Ioan daughter and heir to Ferdinand the Catholick King And though Charles the fifth sonne to Philip made it his business and put some threds into the loom yet the great distractions and war of the Empire intervening the work was often at a stand and war upon war rising in Europe and Africa rather deprived him of the means then affection to accomplish it Unless perhaps the Emperour grew slack lest the erection of new Bishopricks should straiten the jurisdiction of his uncle George of Austria Archbishop of Leige Yet among his last commands he particularly left this in charge to his sonne Philip. I my self have read a letter written in King Philips own hand to his sister of Parma wherein he sayes He is induced at that time especially to increase the number of Bishops because the Cities and Towns of the Netherlands daily grew more populous and Heresie from their next Neighbours crowded in and got ground of them and that his Fathers Counsel and Command had made deep impression in his mind who taught him this as the onely way to preserve Religion in the Low-Countreys The King therefore assoon as he was respited by the War sent to Rome Francis Sonnius a Divine of Lovain a great learned man who not long before had disputed at Wormes with Melanchthon Illyricus and others by command from the Emperour Ferdinand giving him in Commission together with Francisco Varga the Kings Ambassadour to acquaint Paul the fourth with his desires After some moneths when the business had been debated by a Court of seven Cardinals it was accordingly granted The Pope inclining of himself to destroy heresie and neglecting no occasion of gratifying King Philip to whom he was lately reconciled So that he appointed fourteen Cities in the Low-Countreys besides the foure former for Bishops-sees whereof three were honoured with the Prerogative of Archbishopricks that is Cambray Utrecht upon the Rhine and Maclin preferred before the others at the Kings request which seated in the heart of Brabant near the Princes Court at Bruxels he had designed for Anthony Perenott Granvell purposely translated from the Church of Arras thither because that mans being near the Court seemed to concern the publick In this manner the Popes Bul was penned and sent by his Nuntio Salvator Bishop of Clusino and Francis Sonnius going for the Low-Countreys who was enjoyned to see the Decree executed but in other things belonging to the revenues and limits of Jurisdiction they were to do what to themselves in their discretions seemed meet King Philip having received authority made an excellent choice of men for the new Myters all famour for the learned books they had written as likewise for their virtues and deportments in the Councel of Trent Such Bishops the Pope joyed to approve of and the people were ashamed not to admit And because the King would no longer defer his voyage into Spain he left the care of limiting and endowing the new Churches to Granvell and Sonnius for the Popes Nuntio was to follow his Majestie Before his departure the King summoned the Estates of the Low-countreys to Gant many were of opinion he would there declare a Governour for the Low-Countreys which he had till then declined though others imputed the cause of that delay to the Kings nature perplexed and doubtfull whom to trust with the Government Which procrastination daily added to the number of Competitours and to the discourses of lookers on Many of which according to their severall dependencies made sure accompt their friends and Patrons should carry it and together with this belief cherished their own hopes Divers that aimed at no private advantage did not so much named a Person as a Governour being ambitious to be Statesmen though it were but in giving imaginary votes as if they should have their part in the Government if they could but think of disposing the Provinces and fill a vancant place by predesigning him that should be chosen But Count Egmont was the man on whom the Low-Countreys fixt their eyes and wishes a Prince conspicuous for his experience in the Warrs and very active either in the field
Rome in place of the Duke of Urbin deceased and presently after made Duke of Camertio To this end the Emperour Charles the fifth and King Francis had an enterview at Nice endeavoured by Pope Paul who came thither in person hoping by some means or other to compose the difference For as both these Princes studied to make the Pope who being powerfull in long hoorded wealth and wisdome no doubt but his inclining to either side would turn the scales so the Pope vigilant for his own advantage took this opportunity to treat with the Emperour of a marriage for his Nephew especially since the news of Solimans fleet growing dayly more terrible it concerned them both to confirm the Peace made between them and the state of Venice by an intermarriage in their families The Emperour was so willing to comply with the Pope That he not onely preferred his Nephew before the Duke of Florence who then by his Ambassadour renued his former suit and before other Princes which had the like ambition but instantly making up the match between his Daughter and Octavio he put them together though the Bride had little joy of the wedding despising her husbands unripe years Therefore jestingly she called it her Fate to be married but not matched for when she was a Gyrl of twelve she must then have a man of seven and twenty and now she was a woman a Boy of thirteen For some years after this marriage she had an aversion from her husband not so much in contempt of his years as by reason of ill offices done by a Courtier who having been her old servant bare a great sway with her and hating the Farnezes with more then his own spleen sometimes commending her first husband Alexander sometimes aggravating the Popes injuries to her father nourished domestick discord till at length he being removed and Octavio attending the Emperour in his Warres the mind of the Dutchess began to change For when the Emperour was to go for Africa from Lucca whither the Pope came to conferre with his Imperiall Majesty and had brought along Octavio and Margaret though Paul the third utterly disliked the voyage to Argeirs yet he ventured his Nephew Octavio commending him to Cesars fortune and designing in that one act to give Hostage to the Emperour and bring his daughter into a longing for her absent husband And indeed after the misfortune of the Warre wherein the Emperour was rather worsted by the Sea then by the Moors the news of Cesars overthrow was divulged in all places And because no man could tell what was become of him and the Reliques of his scattered fleet it was constantly believed at Rome that the Emperour was cast away some reported they saw the ship wherein Octavio was abroad eaten up by the Sea which was the rather believed because when the Emperours escape was known Octavio was not mentioned This first moved the Dutchess her love growing out of pity as if the youth flying from his wives frowns had run upon his Fate in the prime of his years and fortunes But when the news came that he was living and with his Father in law onely that he lay desperately sick hope and fear joyned to bring her love and pitie to perfection till two years after in all which time he still kept the field and was never out of the Emperours eye at his return to Rome aswell his long stay from her as his long service to her Father speaking in his behalf it is hardly credible with what longing and affection his wife received and honoured him Not long after she having the rare happiness to be brought a bed of two sonnes at a birth by how much it joyed her especially they comming at the same time to the Principality of Parma and Placentia by so much her love to her husband increased Onely as she was violently ambitious to command in chief and therefore hardly brooked a power divided with her husband so when discords sprang between them she would not easily be reconciled The truth is her spirit was not onely great beyond her sex but she went so habited and had such a garb as if she were not a woman with a masculine spirit but a man in womans clothes Her strength was such as she used to hunt the stagg and change horses upon the field which is more then many able bodied men can do Nay upon her chin and upper lip she had a little kind of beard which gave her not more of the resemblance then authority of a man And which seldome happens in her sex and never but to very strong women she was troubled with the Gout She had a present wit and in action could steer to all sides with wonderfull dexterity as having been of a child bred up in the Belgick Court and instructed in her youth by the adverse fortune of the Medices in her riper years accomplished and made absolute by the discipline of Farnezes Palace and the old learning of Pope Paul the third Then for piety she had a great master indeed Ignatius Loyola Founder of the Society of Iesus to whom she confessed her sinnes and that oftner then was the custome of those times By this man she was taught a singular reverence and devotion towards the Eucharist proper to the House of Austria Whereupon one every year in Passion week she washed the feet of twelve poor maids which she commanded should not be washed before she came Then feasting them waited herself at table and sent them away new clothed and full of gold Upon the other more chearfull solemnitie of Corpus Christi day she gave very noble portions to poor Virgins and married them to good Husbands Both these feasts she kept during her life With this breeding and these parts the Dutchess so won upon the King her Brother that he committed the Low-countreys to her knowing her to be a woman of great courage and excellently versed in the art of Government Besides his Fathers commands were yet fresh in his memory who loved her dearly and on his death-bed earnestly recommended her to the King It seems he thought this honour would answer the Fathers wishes and the Daughters merit Withall he hoped the Low-countreymen for the reverence they bare to the name of Charles the fifth would chearfully obey his Daughter born among them and bred up to their fashions and that her Countrey-men would therefore the better digest her Government because subjected people think themselves partly free if governed by a Native Perhaps the King was content in favour of the Low-countreymen to let them be governed by a Woman hoping the Innovations he had designed would please coming from a Lady like an incision that pains the less when made by a soft hand But besides these reasons given out in publick there was other private cause Octavio Farneze Duke of Parma and Piacenza had
out of fashion Truly that Religion was not much to be regarded when Authority was to be acquired or established are the words of his own letter to Alençon Brother to the French King part whereof in its due place I shall insert This it was thought he learned in the villanous school of Machiavel whose Books he seriously studied as Granvel affirms in his Letter from Spain directed to Alexander Prince of Parma William of Nassau furnished with these Arts how he imployed them in exasperating the minds of the Low-countrey men I shall now briefly open He was hostage as I have formerly said to Henry the second of France Hunting with the King they fell into that discourse which he speaks of in his Defence against his Proscription published by King Philip wherein he glories in the discovery which he made of the plot betwixt him and King Henry who letting fall some words of the grand Designe but abruptly and obscurely lest perhaps he might reveal it to one that was not of counsel with them the Prince of Orange as he himself sayes to wyer-draw the whole business out of the King takes upon him to have been long privy to the plot which the King easily believes thinking the Prince in great esteem with his Master and seeing him his hostage there He therefore freely tells him that by the Spanish Embassadour the Duke of Alva King Philip agreed with him to destroy all the families of the new Religion which he was to see done in France and King Philip in the Low-countreys in which he likewise had erected a constant Tribunal where matters of Faith should be tried which would be as good as his Forts to keep his people in obedience The Prince of Orange finding the designe which he knew to be King Philips return'd into the Low-countreys There when he saw the Dutchess of Parma made Governess and Granvel joyned with her the number of Bishops increased and Inquisitors of Faith to be brought in he conceived this to be the designe which King Henry had discovered to him And when he perceived that these new Decrees had filled the Cities with fears and jealousies and that no part of the State looked cheerfull he resolved to make use of the opportunity supposing that if he should feed the beginnings of these discontents on his part as many already corrupted with heresie would do on theirs that he should undoubtedly elude the designes of the Spanish And now that he had some little glimmering of an exspectation and began to form great plots to bring all his aims to their desired ends thus he set them a work The King at Gant called a Chapter of the Knights of the Golden Fleece in whose Creation because all authority was not in the King as Master of the Order but in the joynt-votes of his Companions that some might be chosen which hated the King I suppose Monting and Hochstrat the Prince of Orange took a great deal of pains solicited and prevailed with his Colleagues to promise him their severall suffrages And both these Lords now obliged he meant hereafter as purchased by this favour to make use of Besides when the Cities mutinied as I have told you because Spanish Garrisons were left upon the frontiers he privately inflamed their fury and argued with his friends of the pride of those forrein souldiers that under colour of defending the Borders laboured to put a yoke upon free Cities Withall he commended the loyaltie of the Low-countreymen which notwithstanding suffered for that strangers were preferred before them And put it in their heads that the Estates who were then to be summoned should with great earnestness petition the King that his Spanish souldiers might be disbanded by his Fathers example who never had any Garrisons in the Low-countreys but of Low-countrey men which accordingly the States were suiters for with great noise and clamour And at that time the King promised to satisfie them by word of mouth which afterward he really performed the Prince of Orange much glorying in it who in his Letters professed himself to have been the authour of sending away the Spaniards and that by this act which he accounted an eternal honour to him and his Colleagues he brought two things about the one that he freed his Countrey from slavery the other that he opened they are his own words the way to Religion Onely to his and their Crown of glory this was wanting that as they had turned the Spaniards out of the Low-countreys so they had not shut the door upon them locked it fast guarded the Passe and kept them from all hope of ever coming back again Yet he doubted not but as he had purged a great part of the Netherlands of them so as they could call nothing there their own but the bones and ashes of their Countreymen in like manner he should quickly bring to effect or at least endeavour it that they should all be banished out of the seventeen Provinces and being compelled to return to their own Countrey should at last suffer the Low Dutch to enjoy the liberty of their fortunes bodies and souls Nor was he less active against the designe of introducing new Bishops which by the spirit of Calvin he used to call hangmen brought in to flea and burn mankind And to that end he applied himself to the Abbots some of which instructed at private conferences and emboldened against the fear of any Magistrate were for a great while his principall instruments of discord But he had not better success in any thing then in defeating the Emperours Edicts and the Kings proclamations For as nothing more amazed the people then the name of the Inquisition so the Prince of Orange in that fright aggravating their fears and jealousies telling them of the breach of Priviledge the tyranny of the Spaniards the slavery of the Low-countrey men most of them vain surmizes but yet working in minds inclined to suspicion It is hardly credible what an odium he brought upon the Inquisition how he turned the Peoples hearts from the King and made them hate the Spaniards So that many being perswaded the freedome of their Nation would be lost if this went on would assoon have let into their cities the Enemies of their Countrey as the Inquisitours of Faith The Prince of Orange glad of this successe and being as I have said inraged at Granvels power absolutely resolved to joyn with the People and the Hereticks who he knew hated Granvel and he was glad they did so At length new and far more implacable tumults rising every where in the Low-countreyes when the Duke of Alva was Governour the bolder the people grew who then refused their pardons offered by some Governours of Cities and publickly renounced their allegiance the more high-hearted grew the Prince of Orange His hopes which hitherto were uncertain and farr off now came near and courted him So
Philip whilst all the Nobility were in exspectation of the imployment the Dutchess made choice of Philip Croy Duke of Arescot not because he was bred up in Germany with Charles the fifth as she declared her self at the Consult and therefore was likely to be well received by his brother Ferdinand But because he was an enemie to the Prince of Orange his faction she honoured him with that Embassage that others might follow his example on like hopes of honour Yet the Prince of Orange resolved to be present at the Dyet as a private man pretending business with the Elector of Saxonie about his wifes portion and with the Emperour concerning his Estate And though the Governess would not without the Kings consent approve of his journey yet he departed in such hast as he would not tarry till his wife was brought a bed Who three dayes after was delivered of a daughter that was christened by her appointment with the ceremonies of the Church to the great satisfaction of the Governess Montiny having twice had audience of his Majestie prepared for his return and when he took leave the King whilst he commended to his care the state of the Low-countreys as it were upon occasion of discourse began to fift him and charged him by his faith and sinceritie virtues he had found in him to deal plainly what he thought was the cause of those Grievances and Heart-burnings of so many in the Low-countreys Montiny though he said he knew nothing whereof his Majesty had not been long since informed yet as farre as he could conjecture the reasons partly proceeded from the new Bishops put upon the Provinces without the consent or privity of their Governours therefore the people believed they intended to bring in the Spanish Inquisition partly out of the hatred conceived against Cardinall Granvel from the highest to the lowest so implacably that it was to be feared that at one time or other it would ingage the people in an insurrection The King replyed that all this was indeed known to him but that he admired the Low-countreymen could be moved with such vain rumours For seriously no other cause brought him to augment the number of the Bishops but onely the necessity of his people and the Councell of his father Charles the fifth And that was not concluded so secretly or suddenly as the Marquess of Bergen could tell him who had given his advice therein and commended his design when he waited on the King into England at his Marriage with Queen Mary And that for his own part it never entered into his mind by that adjunction of Bishops to impose the Spanish Inquisition upon the Low-countreys Nor had Cardinall Granvel ever perswaded him to do it or was so much as acquainted with that purpose of his Majesty till he sent Francis Sonnius his Embassadour to Rome He likewise assured him they were much deceived that hated the Cardinall as conceiving him by private information to asperse the Lords for he did never attempt it neither had his Majestie himself at any time discovered in Granvel any malicious inclinations which if he should hereafter find in him or any other of his ministers of State he never should indure them But howsoever he hoped shortly to be in the Low-countreys and then to satisfie both his own person and the Provinces desires Montiny thus dismissed by the King returned to Bruxels in December and reading to the Councel his letters which contained the Kings pleasure for settling the intricacies of the Exchecquer for assistance in future to be sent to Charles King of France and specially for defence of Religion he added of himself many arguments of the Kings affection towards the Low-countreys but to little purpose For in Montinies absence they had conceived still greater jealousies The Prince of Orange and some others reasoned against the promises made by the Embassadour for they rather trusted their own reall or to justifie their discontents pretended intelligence from their private friends in the Court of Spain then the professions made either by King Philip or his sister Their indignation was augmented because Montiny told them the French accounted them Patrons of the Hugonots About which scandall they passionately expostulated with the Governess affirming it was onely forged in the Cardinals work-house The Dutchess declared her self of a contrary opinion and shewed them it was rather invented by the French hereticks and rebells who to advance the authority of their faction would have the ignorant believe the Low-countrey Nobility were of the same sect To conclude they being more and more exasperated because the Governess would not displace their Competitour that feared not their plots or envie but proposing to himself onely the Kings favour respected this Iove alone despising the other petty Gods as if a man could be onely struck with a thunderbolt and could not be killed by the hand of a common souldier or that Ioves lightning were not fed by the baser elements the Prince of Orange and Count Egmont particularly agreed to write letters to the King against Granvel in the name of all though all were not consenting perhaps because the Governess had formerly scattered among them seeds of dissention perhaps some of the Lords therefore differed in opinion because they were not chief of the Conspiracy Indeed the Duke of Areschot pressed by Count Egmont as they were hunting to joyn with the rest denied to set his hand against the Cardinall or to prescribe the King how he ought to use his servants and it proceeded so farre that at last the Duke concluded he would receive the Law neither from Count Egmont nor the Prince of Orange to neither of which he thought himself or his family inferiour The Counts of Aremberg and Barlamont then present were much troubled at the accident and lest it might come to more then words turned the discourse to another subject Nor was there lesse heat between Count Aremberg and the Prince of Orange upon the same occasion Of both which passages the Governess certified the King But though by these Lords example and for private reasons many withdrew from the conspiracy Yet were letters directed to the King signed by Count Egmont the Prince of Orange and Count Horn a Copy whereof which the King afterwards sent to the Dutchess I give you verbatim out of the French Originall Sir We are infinitely sorry that we are at this present inforced to presse upon your Majesties great affairs but as well the account of our service which we ought to give as the mischief undoubtedly impending will not suffer us longer to be silent especially because we hope this our intimation as free from any passion will be received by your Majesty so graciously and with such remembrance of us as we your affectionate servants have indeavoured to deserve We likewise beseech your Majesties pardon if we write later then the exigence
consulted liked it not and therefore made answer It was not his pleasure in propounding the Councel to his Subjects any thing should be excepted lest Rome a Citie apt to prejudicate should from thence have matter of censure and other Christian Princes that looked upon Spain occasion of imitation For that which is said in the Councel touching Sovereignty and Subjection was sufficiently considered when the publishing thereof was disputed in Spain where all those difficulties were discussed And as at that time no exception was taken but the Councel absolutely proposed onely with a little moderation to be used in the practice so it should be in the Law-countreys whither he had sent a copie of the Spanish Proclamation that his Subjects throughout all his Dominions might obey him by one rule The Governess according to his royall Mandate beginning to be active and indeavouring to put an end to what she had in the Netherlands begun how sad a commotion followed in the end of the next year when the people to the ruine of many broke out into Rebellion I shall in its due place commemorate In the mean time the Governess seeing the difficulties of the Exchecquer and Religion to increase and that she could get nothing of his Majestie by Letters resolved to send some great man her Embassadour to the King and looking upon Count Egmont as one that besides the Nobilitie of his birth and his experience in the affairs of the Low-countreys she did believe would have all things granted to his great and acknowledged merit her Excellence designed and in the beginning of the year one thousand five hundred sixty five with the advice of the Senate sent him into Spain And Count Egmont willingly undertook the imployment because as he said to the Governess and she informed the King by the opportunity of this publick Embassage he should dispatch hi own private businesse with his Majestie Having therefore received large instructions with the consent and hopefull exspectation of all many of the Nobilitie for honours sake bringing him on the way he set forward the same day that Francis Hallevine Lord of Zeveghem returned from Germany whither he was sent by the Governess in the name of King Philip to the Emperour Maximilian his Empresse and the Princes of Germany to condole the death of his father that religious Prince the Emperour Ferdinand which the Emperour Mazimilian took extreme kindly and made great promises of service to his uncle At this time the Prince of Orange had by Princesse Anne of Saxony another sonne called by the name of the Prince Electour her father Maurice This is the Prince Maurice whom we must often mention not without the commendations of a valiant and cautelous Generall who being chosen by the States Confederate in the place of his father lately killed after he had for two years commanded the Hollanders as a Prince though by another name which is commonly the end of long Governments dyed of grief conceived at the siege of Breda when he saw it must inevitably be taken The Governess wrote to the King that the child had all the Orthodox rites of Baptisme but that which most troubled her was on his Christening day they delivered him in tutelage to the Prince Electour Augustus Duke of Saxony and Philip Landgrave of Hessen both Lutheran Princes in whose names two Lords infected with the same heresie were his Godfathers For even in this likewise the Prince of Orange who alwayes acted two parts had something Catholick and something Hereticall to please both sides still attending their severall fortunes as a neuter In the letters the Dutchesse informed the King what jealousies and reports were raised by the message which she had communicated to the Senate touching the meeting that was to be upon the borders of Aquitaine between Katharine of Mediâ—es Queen-mother of France governing that nation joyntly with the King and her daughter Isabella Queen of Spain For King Philip by his letters had commanded his sister to assure the Low-countrey Lords that nothing more was intended by that interview then the satisfaction of King Charles and his mother being in their progresse come so near the confines of Spain To the same purpose he either wrote or sent Embassadours to most of the Princes of Europe not so much as any Lord of Italy or Spain or any one Minister of State but was by instructions from King Philip acquainted with the occasion of that conference Yet all this took not away the Low-countreymens fears and jealousies but rather increased them many especially Hereticks being apt to believe that the Queen mother did not this out of love to her daughter but to lay the foundation of some great design against the hereticall factions and the disturbances of both Kingdoms which they suspected the rather because it was rumoured King Philip would be there in person And indeed when Queen Isabella moved him to add to their contentment his presence I find by his letters to the Governess that he was pretty well inclined to the iourney though she diswaded him and said it was below the Majesty of so great a Prince to trust himself to the power of the French at that time when partly the French Kings minority partly the condition of a Quen-regent made the subjects so contumacious towards their Governours Yet his Majesty replyed that if he were sure his presence were necessary for the good of Religion he was resolved for Gods cause to decline no trouble or danger whatsoever Yet consenting to the going of his Queen and commanding Ferdinand Count of Toledo and Duke of Alva to wait upon her and present in his name to the King of France the Order of the Golden-fleece he himself went not either diverted by many cares having then as he wrote to the Governess received intelligence that the Turk besieged Malta or else to give his resolutions with greater authority at a distance which I suppose was the cause why he left it not in his wife's power to determine any thing before she had by her letters advised with him But at this enterview so highly celebrated in the writings of all Scholars even of the Poets themselves when in so great state and glory King Charles and the two Queens met at Baion the French sleighting the Spanish pride with greater pride all that was concluded the more secretly it passed onely in presence of the Duke of Alva with the more confidence do some writers as if they had a blank before them fill up the space with wit and deduce from hence strange secrets of State Omitting such divination out of the letters which I have written in King Philips own hand to his sister about that conference this I know The Queen of Spain for divers weighty reasons no doubt by the command of King Philip had desired her Brother and Mother whom it
do neither did he think it would be acceptable to God or safe for Religion but that he might in their deaths prevent all hope of glorying which was the cause of their impious and wilfull sufferings Moreover the Senate was to be so ordered that the Councel of Estate was to superintend the other two Councels of Law and the Treasury but nothing to be concluded before the Governess knew thei◠Resolutions and Reasons This vvas the Effect of his Majesties Letters delivered to Count Egmont But he wrote others to the Governess wherein he gave her to understand That it pleased him not that the Authority of the Senate wherein sate the principall Lords of the Low-countreys be inlarged which both straitens the power of the Governess and might open a way for divers great men enriched by the Treasury to change as from other hands was intimated the present form of Government He likewise commanded Count Egmont to let the Governess know That his Majestie remembred the necessities of the Netherlands which she had so often moved him in and therefore sent her part in ready money part in Bils of Exchange 60000 Ducats to pay the common souldiers and 200000 to be distributed among the Garrisons and for the Governours of Provinces and the Magistrates pensions 150000 and that he would have returned her more for the fortifying of Towns and disbanding of souldiers if he had not been in many places to provide for his Fleet against the Turk But some of this money could not be got of the Bankers because they were not satisfied in Spain Lastly commending the integrity of his Judges and Officers he put the Governess and his Subjects of the Low-countreys in hope that he would make a voyage thither purposely to hear their Grievances and in person to redresse them The same day that his Majestie gave these Letters to Count Egmont he called in Alexander sonne to Octavio Farneze and Margaret of Austria Princes of Parma and Piacenza and delivered him to Count Egmont with these words Among other things which thou art to carry to the Governess I trust thee likewise with this Youth do him those services which the Sonne to my Sister and your Governess deserves Count Egmont kissing the Kings hands again for this speciall favour departed the more pleased because it would add to the Governesses joy for the success of his Embassage that he should bring her sonn a happiness she had long desired Indeed it rejoyced her very much for when she saw her sonne Alexander so well bred so lively spirited yet tempered with such gravity as became one that had been educated in so great a Court under his uncle King Philip she received infinite satisfaction Especially for that Count Egmont together with her Sonne brought her the news of a Marriage intended him by the King Whereupon the Steward of her House the Lord Theuloi was purposely sent into Spain to give his Majestie most humble thanks for his Royall favours conferred upon her and her husband the Duke of Parma by designing such a wife for their Sonne King Philip had been moved about a match for Prince Alexander four years before His Father Octavio was inclined to marry him to the Sister of Alphonso Duke of Ferrara Daughter to Hercules the second and Renè Daughter of Lewis the twelfth of France because he thought it would be a great support to his Power to joyn in alliance with Princes so near neighbours to him and he said which I believe he had from Charles the fifth That as in the Globe of the Earth and Sea the Moon is more predominant then most of the Starrs not because she hath a greater but a nearer influence so we should think of our neighbours And he maintained this opinion as I suppose more fervently because about that time Pope Pius the fourth challenged the Principality of Camertio which he entended to bestow upon Frederick Borromeo his Sisters sonne lately married with his consent to the Noble Lady Virginia Ruveria Verana Octavio therefore weighing in case this dispute might beget a War how much it concern'd him to be in amity with the Duke of Ferrara held it very convenient to make up this Marriage Nor did the Governess disapprove of the designe but in her husbands and her own name wrote about it to the King But he either because he would have no affinitie with a Duke of the French Faction or because he had thought of another Wife for him and had already shewed himself in it answered the Governess in these words ILLUSTRIOUS Princess long since when I resolved upon the Treaty of a Marriage for your Sonn and my Alexander for I esteem him as mine own Sonn with the Daughter of our Uncle the Emperour Ferdinand I did assure my self it would be very well received by you Sister and by the Duke your Husband Nor have your Letters altered my Opinion or what was said to me by Ardinghell in favour of the match with Ferrara She that I have designed him is Daughter to an Emperour and our kinswoman The Duke of Ferrara's Sister and Prince Alexander are of years so disproportionable that it may cause disagreement Indeed I commend the Duke of Parma that seeks the friendship of his neighbours by desiring to match into this family but he ought likewise to consider that so long as he hath me for his Brother and Protectour no man dare presume to trench upon him As he may well perceive by the late change of things when Pius the fourth gave over his attempt For after I had taken care to inform his Holiness of my resolutions and how I am obliged in honour both now and for ever to maintain the Rights of the Farnezes he answered me He would not onely forbear to molest the Duke but would be as much a Patron to his Family as I my self But though I have commanded Ardinghel to signifie this to the Duke yet out of my brotherly love I could not but acquaint you with it that I might satisfie the near relation of our bloud and likewise desire you to insert this my determination in your Letters to your Husband and with all possible speed to let me know both your resolutions But while the Father and Mother remained in suspence and knew not which of these matches they should wish◠the one being more noble the other more advantageous the King upon second thoughts pitched upon Mary Princess of Portugall Daughter to Prince Edward and Isabella of Briganze Niece to King Emmanuel and by his Letters sounding the inclination of the Duke and Dutchess the Match was at once propounded by the King and approved of by all parties For at that time the name of Portugal was glorious a great part of the Earth being discovered by their religious and fortunate Souldiers And King Philip was not onely descended from this House
of his Embassadour at Vienna intreating his Imperiall Majestie for the nearness of their love and bloud to assist with his authority those levies But the Emperour because he had heard that the Governess and the confederate Gentlemen were now agreed commending the wisdome of that policy diswaded the King from those Arms and Levies Perhaps because the Turk then threatning him he could not spare so many men perhaps because he thought it an honour to be the Arbiter and Composer of other Princes quarrels Therefore in his Letters to the Governess the Emperour promised her his endeavours if any thing was yet uncomposed And wrote likewise to the Covenanters to this effect That he was much troubled to hear of their difference with the Governess and of the stirres that daily followed thereupon which because they were in the confine of the Empire in the Dominion of the King his Uncle in Provinces so much by him esteemed it concerned the Majesty of the Empire that he should by his assistance and authority assert the obedience of the Subiectâ— to their Prince That he hoped these his endeavours would be acceptable to the Catholick King and he was sure they would be safe for the Confederates Therefore he advised them in the interim to attempt no Innovation but as Allegiance bound them to compell the tumultuous people to be quiet This Letter and divers more of the same subject written to the Lords the Emperour sent the Governess to read and as it should be needfull to deliver But the Governess sending copies of them to the King a good while exspected his Answer till the stirres daily encreasing her Excellence receiving new commands from his Majestie to levy forrein forces gave thanks to the Emperour Maximiilian letting him know that the present condition of affairs was such as no capitulation could be made with an armed Faction without arms Wherefore dispatching the Kings letters to the Electours of the Empire and others especially to those that were to raise the men she beseeched the Emperour that the Assistance which he had graciously offered in the Low-countreys he would please to perform among the Germane Princes and the Commanders there which would be now more opportune and a farre greater favour to the King And truly the Emperour did not onely this but likewise by Edict prohibited and made it death for any Germane to bear arms against the King of Spain Which among divers others how deeply it was resented by the Prince of Orange though otherwise subtil and close he expressed at table wine laying open the secrets of his heart For being invited by Gresser Agent for the Queen of England after he had drunk soundly the Prince began in great fury to inveigh against the Emperours Edict That the Emperour and the King and whosoever was of their opinion deceived themselves that not onely the Germans would take arms but a great sort of other Nations bordering upon the Empire That the Danes the Swedes and many others would not be wanting which both would and could help the confederate Low-countreymen Thus threatning in his rage after supper he was mollified with a song But the Letters which I have mentioned sent from the King and the Governess to the Princes of Germany were by them diversly answered The Electours of Trier and Mentz did much approve of the Kings designe against the Rebels and disturbers of the Catholick Religion promising their assistance as befitted good friends and neighbours both Princes of the Empire and allies unto his Majesty they would therefore give free passage through all their Towns and Jurisdictions to such forces as upon this occasion should with the Emperours consent be raised The like promises were made by the rest of the Catholick Bishops in Germanie The Duke of Bavaria added that all men were bound by force of Arms to oppose such tumults that as plagues laid cities desolate and he desired his Majestie would be very vigilant in it Farre different expressions were returned from the hereticall Princes for the Landtgrave of Hessen and the Duke of Wirtemberg excusing themselves in point of Religion which would not suffer them to prejudice those of their own Profession advised the Governess to seek redress without arms onely by allowing the Confession of Auspurg and Liberty of conscience But the Count Palatine Frederick the third who declared himself Defendour of the new Faith in Germany wrote the most confident and longest letter of them all For he not onely pleaded to the Governess the cause of the Low-countrey men and maintained their innocence but defying the Bishop of Rome the veneration of holy Images and the tyrannie of the Inquisitours concluded that Religion bound him not to oppose his brethren professing the Faith of Ausburg and the pure word of God The Landtgrave of Hessen and the Palsgrave not thus contented perswaded the Duke of Brunswick not to engage in a warre undertaken merely for Religion and not to accept the Command of horse offered to him Notwithstanding he took it nor did any other Commander invited by the King refuse his Commission but onely Iohn of Nassau brother to the Prince of Orange Nor did Charles the ninth of France requested by the Governess fail to declare himself enemy to these insurrections commanding by Proclamation that none of his subjects should presume to assist the Rebels of the Low-countreys with relation as I conceive to the mutuall promise of Assistance made at Baion and particularly fearing if the Hereticks should be masters of the Netherlands France would be overflowed with the same filthy sink I am certain King Philip sent him letters full of thanks and likewise signified to the Governess his Intention presently to begin his voyage for which all things being now in readiness he onely wanted health for his quartane Ague had not yet left him though he meant not to exspect a perfect Recovery but to go forthwith to Madrid that having setled his affairs he might from thence contemning any danger to his life pass over into the Low-countreys This which was likewise by Bergen and Montiny writ from Spain in cypher began to be believed The minds of many were exceedingly troubled at the news insomuch as the Prince of Orange his brother Lewis the Counts Egmont Hochstrat and Horn met at Dendermund betwixt Antwerp and Gant to communicate the intelligence which every one of them had received concerning the Kings coming and thereupon to advise what generall course was to be held Though this meeting was appointed and came together with all secresie yet the industrious Governess knew all their proceedings And as multitudes of spies alwayes attend a Jealous Prince there wanted not that kind of men Eves-droppers and Hocus-Pocuses the summe of whose life is to know and not to be known which pryed into all their secret consultations and resolutions And as farre as she could understand the
yet still the King did but act his part was not serious For among other dissuasions from his Voyage Letters came from the Governess giuing him intelligence that the Lords were resolved if the King as they heard would bring an army into the Lowcountryes that they themselves would call in forreigne Assistance and casting off their Allegeance oppose his Entry Which howsoever he dissembled or publiquely seemed to slight questionlesse he that was so jealous of his Crowne and Honour must needs be very sensible how much both would be indangered if by carrying an Army thither he should teach the Lowcountryes how to arme so render himselfe contemptible to his Subiects and to the neighbour Princes that would looke on or perhaps secretly assist the Rebells Therefore in the last Consultation which he held about it at Madrid his Majesty would only have it put to the question Whether he should goe without an Army which some perswaded or take his Forces along which the Popes Nuntio earnestly advised Among his Privy-Councell which then were numerous and great Statesmen because the King greatly relyed vpon their Iudgements there came to the Board Ferdinando Toledo Duke of Alva Roderick Gomez a Silva Prince of Ebora both of them very powerfull with the King but as Favour tooke place of Estimation he was greater in his Majestyes Account this had the greater Honours conferred upon him There was likewise Cardinall Spinosa who from very meane beginnings was advanced to be chiefe Inquisitour and President of the Councell of Castile and had beene of so high Authority in King Philip's Court that he was called the Spanish Monarch There was also Gomez Figueroa Duke of Feria Iohn Manric de Lara and Anthony de Toledo Knight of St Iohns of Hierusalem and Prior of Leon all excelâ—lent and active wits But Feria besides the vast indowments of his mind exceeded them all in handsomnesse and sweetnesse of disposition Manric was conspicuous for Prudence the Prior for Religion Then sate Bernardo Fresneda the Kings confessar a Franciscan Anthonio Perez Privy Seale and diverse others most of them Councellours of approved integrity and such as seriously intended their Prince's Honour which notwithstanding as every one was of a sowre or gentle temper they interpreted according to their owne inclinations Thus it is that all men forme their Opinions and the Vote which nature extorts we thinke is given to the Cause when indeed we give it to our Humour The King himselfe sate in Councell to moderate by his presence the publique and continuall Iarres between the Duke of Alva and the Prince of Ebora contending no lesse for superiority at the Board then for preheminence in Court Or rather his Majesty came in person that if any one which he heard was designed should move for his Son to be Generall he himselfe might breake off the proposall And there was one that perswaded the sending of an Army remembring his Majesty of Tiberius Caesar that left forrein Warres to the Managery of his Sonnes But immediately Prince Roderick who very well understood the King as if he approved that part of the Advise for the King's Security tooke the Speech out of the others Mouth and by degrees brought it to this That he could not but think it unseasonable to exasperate quiet and obedient Subjects with an Army thereby ingaging the Hereticks their Neighbours to assist their Brethren That the Fire of Civill War is carefully to be watched especially in such a place where they are neere that feed the flame and they farre off that must extinguish it though indeed it can never be extinguished without the Conquerours's Losse For in the civill Ruine of Cityes Men and Fortunes the Prince loses whatsoever is taken from the conquered The Offences till that day committed by the Low-country-men were sufficiently punished and subdued by his Majestyes Sister and if any thing were unsubdued it was their minds not their their bodyes but those should be conquered not by Armes but Favours being more agreeable to the King's Clemency and to the nature of the Low-country-men of whom his Father Charles the Fifth was wont to say There is no people under Heaven so they be fatherly used that more abhorre servitude or more patiently indure it Then summing up the expence of an Army the Dangers the Jealousies of Princes he concluded That nothing was so intricate in the Low-countryes or ravelled into such hard knots but might be easily and gently untyed without drawing of a sword to cut it Certainly forrein Troubles might be composed at distance by a Prince without diminution to his Authority reserving his presence for cases of extreame necessity This Counsell of Roderick Gomez was the sense of a man potent at Court whose principall Aime was peace and quiet and his greatest Policy to prevent a Warre where the businesse and consequently the Power should be transferred to others Of the same opinion was Bernardo Fresneda a plaine and sweete-natured man and Anthonio Perez a Creature of Prince Roderick's But the Duke of Alva was for Armes and Revenge as the only cure for Wounds given to Religion and Royall Authority For by other Artifices and facility nothing was effected but the taking away obedience from the King and feare from the Rebells At first the Low-country-men desired only to be freed of the Spanish Garrisons and protested nothing else was wanting to quiet the People But when our Souldiers were disbanded were the people quieted or the rather and with the more confidence did they not demand that Granvell should be removed from the Governesse and the Helme of State which he protected never desisting till with base Libells ridiculous Fooleryes and traiterous combinations at last they extorted their desires But peradventure when one man was cast overboard it laid the wind which raised that popular Tempest No rather as Licentiousnesse more easily increases then begins having now got ground as men imboldened by our Gentlenesse they publish scurrilous Pamphlets against the Multiplication of Bishopricks the Revivall of the Emperours's Edicts the Councell of Trent and the Pontifician Inquisitours they petition but with their swords in their hands they fright the Governesse with Threats and weary the King's patience with obsâ—inate and impudent Messages Whereupon the King out of his clemency considering himselfe as a Father was pleased to moderate some of his Decrees and the Governesse to grant something more then she should have done to such base Petitioners For what wrought her Indulgence but only that when they had obtained their Requests by not obeying they forgot themselves to be subjects unlearned their Principles of Obedience and shaking of Allegeance to their Prince made an Association of the Provinces as if the number of offendors should secure them and undervaluing all things humane and divine in comparison of the Liberty they had once tasted off Indeed his Father Charles the fifth who was not ignorant of the Low-country-men's
but likewise from all the Calvinists of France as from a Plantation of Geneva especially from the Prince of Conde Head of the Faction Who gâ—ad of that Occasion to make Levies promised and sent Assistance to Geneva under the Command of Mombrune And the Prince himselfe with Gaspar Colligny began their publique Musters in France preteÌ„ding to King Charles a feare the Spaniards that accounted them as Enemies had a designe to take them unprepared Nay they would have perswaded the King to raise an Army and not let slip such an Opportunity as fairer could not be to revenge himselfe of a Nation that ever hated France It was true that the Spanish Army both for the Goodnesse of Souldiers and Noblenesse of Commanders was a most select and considerable one yet in their passage through the Straits and over the Mountaines on the one side by the French on the other by the Geneveses and Swisse they might easily be distressed and cut off And then all King Philip's Spanish and Italian Forces being overthrowne as it was not to be doubted but either a way might be opened to recover Millaine left naked of old Souldiers or it was but marching into the Lowcountreys and that people willingly would receiue the French to whose Armes they must acknowledge themselves obliged for their delivery from the Spanish But if neither of these Projects tooke effect yet certainely for many years a warre was not to be feared from those that having lost such an army could not in a long time recruite The Prince of Conde added that if it would please the King to raise forces for that warre he would bring his Maiesty 50000 men Thus under a specious colour for the publick safety they offered his Maiesty the Army which they had privately designed for their Rebellion like true Hugonots who call that the Kings Security which is indeed his Captivity But the French King knowing what they aymed at lest by provoking a Potent Prince he might at one time be ingaged in a Forreine and Civill Warre replyed it was neither agreable to the Honour nor Valour of the French to circumvent a King neare to him in Affinity and Freindship But to secure his Kingdome from the Spaniards in their March he would giue Order for the raising of a new Army Withall he signified to King Philip the Condition of his Civill Discords by reason whereof he could not promise Security to his Forces if they came And now the Duke of Alva transported in the Galleys of Andrea Doria and Cosmo Duke of Florence with his new Spanish Souldiers that were to supply the old Italian Garrisons arrived at Millaine where falling into a Feauer he was forced to remaine At which time upon notice of the Army which the Duke of Alva was to bring into the Lowcountryes and that the King himself would follow for so it was reported the Governesse endeavoured to disswade his Maiesty from coming in a Warlike manner which would be of no use but to imbroile the Provinces againe That the Lowcountreys were at present in a peaceable condition returned to their Religion and Obedience nor wanted they strength and Men by which as this Condition was acquired so it might be preserued and increased by the King's presence if he came alone but if he brought a new and mighty Army what would it import but great Expences to the King and noe lesse Poverty to the Lowcountryes Vpon the very Rumour of a forreine Army diverse Tradesmen and Merchants familyes were now departed and when they heard of the Armyes nearer Approcahes more would leave the Country because they knew there would be noe Trading in a time of Warre and yet they must pay Sessments and great Taxes for maintaining Souldiers Besides the Feare of the People that cannot but thinke these Forces to be their Executioners the indignation of the Nobility whose good Service in quieting the late Commotions would seeme to be slighted and the certaine Relapse of the Place into Heresy that would returne into the Lowcountreys with a Lutheran Army out of Germany and which out of the premisses she prophetically concluded it would cause by that inexpiable Hatred antipathy betweene the two Nations a bloudy Civill Warre for many Ages Wherefore she earnestly beseeched his Majesty that laying aside this unseasonable Designe of Armes he would come peaceably into the Provinces more like a father then a King and that by his presence and Wisdome he would add to these happy Beginnings what was only desirable Continuation This Letter the Governesse sent by an Extraordinary Gaspar Robley Lord of Bill and Governour of Philipvill that being presented by a person of Honour it might have more Authority with the King But it neuer moved him who replyed his Army should come into the Lowcountreys for no other End but to establish peace And this was writ to the Governesse in the King's name by Rui Gomez a Sylva Prince of Ebolo who likewise sent her Excellence Newes of the Marquesse of Bergen's Death which happened in the Kings Absence from Madrid Iohn Glimèe Marquesse of Bergen Op Zoom a City in the farthest part of Brabant was the last yeare sent from the Low-countreys into Spaine with Florence Momorancy Lord of Montin nor was his Embassy very well received the King being excessively inraged at the Violation of their Churches and Defection of their Cityes Therefore the Marquesse begging leave to returne very often but still in vaine because the Governesse had privately advised the King not let the Embassadours goe so long as the Troubles lasted when he had now sufficiently discovered the Plot upon him both by his Delayes at Court and his mock-hopes as if he should every day returne into the Low-countryes with the King weary of the Imployment and struck with the Duke of Alva's being chosen Generall he fell sick and despairing of his Recovery sent for the Prince of Ebolo his old Friend to whom they say he grievously complained of the King and prayed he would deliver to his Majesty these words from a dying man that should no more speake for himselfe That it much grieved him not only to have no value put upon the many painefull services hee had done but likewise to see himselfe suspected and looked upon as an Enemy yet he hoped that his Fidelity and the perfidiousnesse and calumnâ—es of his Maligners would once though too late appeare A while after having settled all worldly businesse on the one and twentieth of May he dyed some say poysoned as if no man frowned upon by his Prince could dye a naturall death For my part I meane not to affirme it otherwise then as a Conjecture He was equally beloved by Charles the fifth and his Son Philip from him he received the title of Marquesse this for his gallant Service at Saint Quintin chose him out of all the Low-countrey-Lords to go over with him into
England to his Marriage with Queene Mary at his returne he created him Knight of the Golden-Fleece and made him Grandvenâ—ur or Justice in Eyre and Governour of Haynolt In which Province because he seemed not according to his duty seriously to advance the Catholique cause though he himselfe was seriously a Catholique the Governesse was then much displeased with him and a few months after his Decease being for the same attainted of High Treason he was condemned by the Duke of Alva The Governesse receiving the newes of his Death speedily that is within eight dayes written as I said from the Prince of Ebolo immediatly before the Report could be divulged sent Mandevill with a select Company of Fire-locks framing a Letter to the Lady-Marquesse of Bergen That she heard the Hereticks of that Towne offended with the late Edict endeavoured some Innovation therefore she had in haste dispatched Souldiers to guard her and the City to make them the welcomer had chosen out of her Ladiship 's Vncle Beavor's Regiment Captaine Mandevill whom She had commanded to receive Orders from her Ladyship Her Husband 's Death she mentioned not lest it might lessen the Favour and move a suspition of the thing intended But when she sent away the Captaine being a man of approved Fidelity she discovered to him that hee was in the King's name to possesse himselfe of the Towne He should indeed serve the Lady-Marquesse in any thing that might be for her safety but if she refused his Souldiers or commanded them to depart the Towne he must tell her he could not doe it without acquainting the Governesse In the meane while by writting Letters and expecting Answers he should spinne out the time till his Majesty expressed his absolute pleasure For the Prince of Ebolo from the King and afterwards the King himselfe had writ to the Governesse that she was to bring the Marquesse's cause to a Triall and if he were found to have been privy to the Tumults and Rebellion his Estate should be confiscated otherwise it should descend to his Heires The King added in his own Hand That whereas the Marquesse had declared his Sister's Daughter his Heire who was said to have no good Catholique Education the Governesse should find meanes to get her out of her Father's hands and breed her till she were married to that Kinsman unto whom the Marquesse had by his will disposed her The City she forthwith seized but the young Lady her Mother was a great while fearefull to deliver And after the Governesse had been present at the Procession wherein the Body of our Lord and Saviour was carryed through Antwerp then solemnized with more exquisite preparations and Pompe then ever and followed with such multitudes and Reverence that one would thinke they had not so much as conversed with Hereticks her Excellence leaving Count Mansfeldt and 13. Companies in the Town with the rest and a great Traine of Lords returned to Bruxells there to expect the Duke of Alva whose coming every day more afflicted her and many that loved him not aggravated her distaste telling her that by his Pride all which she had with so much paines and wisdome reconciled and composed would be presently put into confusion and he would make Troubles which it might be thought he was come from Spaine to quiet whilst the Honour Settlement only due to the governesse would by his vaine-glory be numbred among his Triumphs The Governesse therefore not only expressed to the King her Resentment in her Letter by Gaspar Robley but likewise writing to the Duke of Alva to congratulate his Arrivall at Millaine she let him understand the State of the Low-countryes and wished him to advise whether it would not be a greater Act of prudence to disband part of his Army then by those unseasonable Forces and Expences to irritate the Low-countryes which were now reduced to Obedience such a Remedy in most mens Iudgements being too strong for the Disease But the Duke of Alva pretended the King's command And the Prince of Ebolo by Robley who was dispatched from Spaine about the end of Iune answered her That the King was carefull of his Sister's Estimation purchased of all the world for governing the Low-countryes with so singular wisdome in so dangerous times taking Cityes subduing Rebels and at length vigorously reducing all the Low-countryes to their Religion and Loyalty Nor was Alva sent to rob her of any part of that glory wholly appropriate to her Highnesse but that by serving her with his endeavours and counsells what was gained might be preserved with lesse troubles to the Governesse and no envy that could reflect upon her for punishing of Delinquents But nothing so much satisfied her as the King's-Letter sent by Lopius Gallus after Robley's departure wherein giving thanks to his Sister for so industrious and wise an Establishment of Peace he said he would shortly better expresse those thankes in person longing exceedingly to be an Eye-witnesse of her vertue And among other commands injoyned her to have in readinesse at least eight Sayle of Ships to meet him whensoever an Expresse came of his weighing Anchors And the Governesse in good earnest provided the Shipps the Senat decreeing that for the King 's happy Voiage publique Prayers should be made which neverthelesse his majesty meaning to stay at home needed not as some said comparing him to Tiberius Caesar who gave out from day to day that he would leaue Rome and suffered the Empire diverse times to make the like supplications for his good Journey and Returne long busying the Roman Provinces with that Expectation But the beliefe of the King's Expedition was to be maintained with such new Scenes or else the Play would have been spoyled Howsoever the Duke of Alva equally distastfull to the Nobility and the People would have been much worse received by the Low-country-men if they had not perswaded themselves by these appearing hopes that the King himselfe would shortly follow And now the Duke of Alva having perfectly recovered his Health when he came to Ast tooke the generall Musters of his Army which being greater in worth then number though feare among the timerous had multiplyed the very number he found to consist of 8700. Foote and but 1200. Horse For the Duke cared not for multitude which commonly is a hindrance to the March but desired to have stout men and valiant hands not many names meaning afterwards to increase them more opportunely in the Low-countreys where without danger he might adde to his old Army as to a body strong in nerves and bone as much young flesh that is untrained Souldiers as he pleased The Foot in a manner all Spanish he distributed into foure Legions in regard they were raised out of foure Provinces commanded by so many Spanish Colonels conspicuous for their abilities in warre Alphonso Vlloa
the Governesses Hand retired to Culemburg-House leaving the Pallace to the Governesse The next day he sent her the Kings Letters and a Copy of his Commission wherein the Command in Chiefe for the Militia of the Lowcountreys was conferred upon him the administration of civill Affayres remaining wholly in the Governesse The same day waited on by a great traine of Horse and his House-hold Servants he went in that state to visit her Excellence the Courtiers that found the Governesse was or would have had her discontented observing how they looked at this first Ceremony Indeed the Governesse that had for some dayes before the grudging of an ague having made an offer of going forward to Receive this stranger pretended her Fitt or else it was thought to come very opportunely to take downe Alva's Pride who in publique omitted no Complement or Veneration due to the Daughter of Charles the fifth and Sister to his King but when they were alone he produced somewhat a larger Commission not only giving him power over the Militia but Authorizing him to fortify what Places he thought fit to displace Magistrates and Governours to examine and punish the causes of the late Tumults And when the Governesse demanded if he had any further Instructions he said yes a few more then could be opened at one meeting but according to future Emergencies they should be imparted to her This Answer seemed not to move her she then commended the Kings designe in case it were so handled that Peace newly restored to the Lowcountries like a tender plant were not spoyled with diging too deep about it She added that she thought it would do well if next day Copyes of the King's Letters should be read in Senate which was done accordingly But writing to the King she complained that the Duke Alva should come with such absolute Authority and so great an Army that being greatly preiudiciall to her Honour this to the newly settled State of the Lowcountreys For already about 100000 men were fled out of the Provinces carrying their money and goods into other Princes Dominions either fearing to be oppressed by Forreiners or dispairing of mercy or thinking to avoid future calamity One thing both comforted her and the people that is the King 's Coming who was so certainly expected by the Lowcountrymen that foure dayes before she had sent into Spaine Wacken Admirall in the place of Count Horne with nine Ships well manned to attend his Majesty but if peradventure he should alter his determination and thinke it better to deferre his voyage till another time she humbly from her soule beseeched him that he would please of his goodnesse to free her that now for nine yeares had governed the Lowcountries from further care and charge of those Provinces But that which made her much more earnest in the same suit was the suddaine Imprisonment of Count Egmont and some others The Duke of Alva resolved to begin his Governement with the Attaindours of some of the Lowcountrey Lords that when the eminent persons were removed the People might have nothing whereon to fix their eyes At first therefore he carried himselfe obligingly to the Lords in particular to Count Egmont by whose example he aymed to bring in Count Horne that stood upon his guard and was desirous to heare of Alva's Beginnings at a distance They say when presaging his owne death he shunned the sight of Alva Count Egmont chid him for his feare and undertooke he should be no worse used then he himselfe The Event shortly verifyed these his ominous words But when Alva saw that Count Horne was wrought upon he sent for Hochstrat and the rest of the Lords to Bruxells to consult about regulating the Common-wealth and he set forth but being newly recouered of a Sicknesse whilst his Coachman went an easy pace as he was Commanded hearing what had hapned hee droue back againe with a powder The rest of the Lords came to Bruxells the ninth of September That very day the Duke appointed two Captaines Andrew Salazar and Iohn Espuc without tumult to arrest Iohn Casembrot Lord of Backersell one of the Covenanteers who could in all probability make the greatest Discoueries as being Secretary to Count Egmont The Colonells Count Alberick Lodronio and Sanchio Londognio received Orders on the same day to bring to Bruxells Anthony Strall Consull of Antwerp one very intimate with the Prince of Orange And lest the City wherein he was one of the most popular and richest men should mutiny and rise in his behalfe Alva desired the Governesse to write to the Magistrate of Antwerp that the Consull was sent for to Bruxells to aduise with the Duke of Alva concerning the State of Antwerp she did so and Lodronius after he had taken the Consull delivered the Letter to the Magistrate who fearing himselfe made them lay him in a Cart couered with many Pieces and packs of Cloth but he was scarce out of the port when Lodronio advertised by a Spye seized on him While these things were acting the Duke at Culemburg House sate in Counsell with the Lords Areschot Egmont Horne Mansfeldt Aremberg Barlamont There was present Ferdinand Son to the Duke of Alva Vitellius Serbellonius and Ibarra Alva purposely spun out time in Consultation expecting newes of the taking of the Consull and Cassembrot and therefore sent for Count Paciotto into the Senate to resolve them about the platforme of the Castle at Antwerp When he knew his Commands were executed he dismissed the Lords As the rest were going out the Duke tooke Count Egmont aside as if he had private businesse with him and many Commanders shewing themselves out of the next Roome Alva said Egmont I arrest thee thou art the King's Prisoner in his name diliver up thy sword The Count struck at the suddaine Arrest and seeing such a Company of armed Men about him yielded his sword saying and yet with this I have often not vnfortunately defended the King's Cause adding noe more words the Captaines had him into a drawing Roome At the same time Count Horne was by the Dukes Son who seemed to waite upon him downe the Stairs commanded to resigne his Sword and yeild himselfe Prisoner to the Duke of Alva by the King's Command immediately the Captaines that stept in disarmed and carried him to the other side of the House In the meane time Sanchio Avila Captaine of the Dukes Lifeguard had drawne up his men to Culemburg-House and secured the Streets the City being amazed not knowing what this Face of Terrour meant But when they understood that Egmont and Horne were imprisoned by the Duke of Alva at first Griefe tooke away the People's Tongues then they found the Duke of Alva's Plot and were angry at Egmonts Credulity Many said that in the Captivity of those Lords the Lowcountreys were inslaved This wrought in them a greater admiration of the cautelous Course
Daughter this is the Infanta Katherine married to Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy he consented to her Departure from the Low-countreys professing he allowed of it as his Sister's desire not for the benefit of the Provinces for the governing whereof wisely and undauntedly in times of the greatest difficulty hee gave thanks to her vertue in selected Words promising aboundantly to remunerate the Service Vpon the receipt of this Expresse her Excellence delivering to the Duke of Alva his Commission for the Government of the Low-countreys sent by the same Machiavell out of Spaine and giving notice to the Spanish Embassadours with the Emperour the French King and Queene of England that they might informe those Princes of her going she wrote to the Estates of the Low-countreys that some things which she could heartily have wish'd to have spoke in a publique convention before she departed from the imbraces of her people must be supplied since now she had no further Power from the King to summon them by her Letter wherein setting down briefly but not sparingly nor falsly all she had done in her nine yeares Government and by what meanes the Troubles continuing for two yeares past were before the end of April so composed that she had reduced all the Low-countreys by the Help and Advise of the good Subjects to the King's Obedience She prayed them unanimously to endeavour the preservation of the State in the same condition and to persist in the Religion of their Ancestours and their Allegeance to their Prince from whose merey it was to be hoped that even the Tratours themselves would be gently punished That she had in her Letter to the King delivered her Opinion concerning it and would write againe to the like effect before she departed from them nor would she heareafter faile to use her utmost power with her Brother for the Good and Peace of the Low-countrey-men whom she so intirely loved And accordingly a while after she wrote in this manner to his Majesty Sir The happy Delivery of my Lady the Queene for which good newes I humbly kisse your hand rejoyceth me beyond expression to see the propagation of that great Bloud worthy of immortality But that whilst you give me leave to depart you are pleased to increase your royall Favours by adding that for my Governing these Provinces to your mind you your selfe so much it pleases your Clemency to descend are greatly obliged to me I must confesse nothing could more content me since in all I have done I only proposed to my selfe your Majesties satisfaction that being the Rule to all my actions And if I have my End I must accompt my Labour gloriously bestowed I will not deny but in this almost nine yeares space I have gone through many and grievous Difficulties most of my Counsellours being either at variance among themselves out of their ambitions Emulation or their Fidelities by me suspected at least their Enmity to the Spaniard so that it was inconvenient for me not to heare their Advise and not safe to follow it Yet that amidst all this darkenesse and the subsequent Tempest of Rebellion the Common-wealth was steered and peaceably brought into the Harbour by a woman's hand but by no humane influence it is only which I I must acknowledge and reverence your Piety for whose sake the Divine Goodnesse hath assisted me in governing the Low-countreys for you But now since by Gods grace things are reduced to such a condition that nothing remaines but to punish the Authors of the Troubles I cannot omit to signifie to your Majesty what it is that may chiefly overthrow this present happy State Feare of punishment threatned by such an Army as it hath caused many despairing of Pardon to fly into other Countreys to the great prejudice of this so I doubt it will force the rest whilst their flight is stopped and they as it were besieged in the Low-countreys to breake out into more dangerous Factions and Insurrections Terrour is not the way to beget reverence in the Low-countrey-men They that advise this rigid Course I wish I may be deceived will purchase Spaine more Envy then Authority I am sure it will bring to the Low countreys first eivill Warre then forreiene Forces and finally Desolation Therefore I most humbly beseech your Majesty that in contemplation of God's Mercy and your own you will contract Revenge into a few Examples and rather desire the Repentance then the Punishment of your Subjects So God Almighty long preserve your Majesty and the Queene my Lords the Princes and your little Daughter In the meane time the newes flying about that the Governesse was to goe away there came dayly from all parts of the Lowcountreys men of the best quality in the name of the Provinces professing their own Griefe and the generall Losse and praying earnestly as the manner is for her happy Journey The neighbour Princes by their Letters and Embassadours did the like but they were all exceeded by Elizabeth Queene of England who should hereafter as she writ want the neighbour-hood of so good and deare a Sister perhaps out of love to the Governesse or it may be out of hatred to her Successour the Duke of Alva In February when she was ready to set forth the King having assigned her a Pension of fourteen thousand Duckets and the Duke waiting upon her to the Marches of Brabant the Low-countrey-Lords into Germany she arrived safe in Italy where in a mighty concourse of People her Husband the Duke of Parma in great State received her who left in the Low-countrey-mens hearts a deep Impression of her goodnesse which the following calamities so much augmented as they stuck not in the presence of Alva and Requesenes which Princes Successours seldome heare to make an honourable glorious and almost upbrayding mention of her Actions Nay at Doway when Margarett Dutchesse of Parma out of her love to Learning repaired the Franciscans Colledge and that her Armes as the Custome is were set over the Gates the People never passed by but they bowed and put off their Hats But their Longing then principally shewed it selfe when the Low-country-men writing to the King earnestly desired to have the Dutchesse of Parma for their Governesse againe as there only Stay and help in their Afflictions And soone after the Death of Don Iohn of Austira she with her Son Alexander joyned in Commission returned to governe the Low-countreys The Historie of the LOW-COVENTREY WARRES The seventh Book THUS farre I have writt of the Lowcountreys though not flourishing in Peace yet not imbroyled in continued Warre Howsoever their Troubles were composed at last and their antient Tranquillity restored Now I must open the prospect of a History where you will read the publique Rebellion of the Provinces great armies on both sides greater Hatred many Generalls Souldiers falling in the Quarrell Nor am I ignorant that the Cause of all
this Mischiefe is vulgarly imputed to the Duke of Alva for before he came Governour to these Provinces his name was hatefull to the Lowcountry-men It is reported when the Emperour Charles the fifth meaning to revenge himselfe upon Gant asked the Duke of Alva what Punishment in his Opinion they deserved He answered that his Majestyes stubborne Country deserved vtter Ruine The Emperour offended at this cruell Answer commanded him to go to the top of a Tower from thence take a View of the whole Towne then he asked him how many Spanish Skinnes would goe to the making of such a Glove for Gant in French is Glove but finding the Emperour by his looke to be displeased Alva durst make no Reply This Passage because interwoven with the Honour of the Prince and City whether true or false was easily believed by the Gantois and from them dispersed with an Odium upon Alva through the rest of the Lowcountreys And by the manner of his Coming he increased the Opinion of his Severity entring the Provinces with an Army as if his designe were to Conquer them bringing Spanish Souldiers againe into the Low-countreys awing the Townes with them and with the Forts he built sentencing Count Egmont a man generally beloved and Count Horne Admirall of the Seas summoning the Prince of Orange with other of the Confederates to answer their Impeachments And it is said he perswaded the King that he should not out of Lenity of which there had beene too much allready pardon any man for the future And indeede if his Majesty had granted the Petition made by the Prince of Orange that his owne and his Friends causes might be heard by the King as Master of the Order of the Fleece not by the Duke of Alva and his Councell many thinke they had hardly at this time begun the Warre But the sentence of the inraged King condemning the Prince of Orange and his confederates of High Treason and confiscating their Estates being pronounced by an odious Minister and so the Odium reflecting upon the Judgement it selfe may seeme to have constrained their taking of Armes upon a just resentment and consequently that the miserable and long Warre ensuing should rather be charged upon the Spaniards then the Low-countrey-men as some say but what are they men of that number which saith Polybius conceive the Causes and Beginnings of a Warre to be the same For my owne part as I will not deny but that Alva's cruell and hatefull Government was the Occasion and Beginning so I assure my selfe it was not the Cause of the Warre For the cause was much deeper grounded Indeed the Prince of Orange's Ambition to command in chiefe exasperated with griefe and Anger heightned by the accesse of Hereticks and opportunity of a Party men of all qualities ingaging this was the Cause which if it had not then and from that Originall taken fire to kindle a Warre in a little more time and from another Place would have found combustible matter Nor can occasion be long wanting to Improbity But the Prince of Orange his Fact was so fortunate as to find Patronage in the Hatred of another For he upon the Sentence pronounced by the Duke of Alva against him his Brother and many great persons tooke up Armes with so much the fairer pretence by how much it seemed not only just but glorious to defend himselfe to recover his owne and to vindicate his Associates his Son and Countrey in their Rights and Liberties In the Relation of which Warre managed by the Duke of Alva and his Successour Ludovico Requesenes I shall contract my selfe especially where I have no more nor no certainer Intelligence then others For which two Reasons I have inlarged my discourse in the Dutchesse or Parma's Government and shall doe in that of Don Iohn of Austria and of Alexander Farneze For I can promise many Animadversions concerning them out of the Monuments of Letters in my hands which are not common Yet in this Summary if there be any thing as I presume there will be diverse which I know and is unknowne to others I shall not faile to give it you at full Some thought the future Calamities were presaged by a Boy borne at Liege with two Heads foure Feet and as many Hands portending as they said the Monster of a Confederation to be made out of the joynt Forces of sundry Nations which soone after came to passe This Terrour was increased in minds already disposed to feare by a Fire immediatly after happening in the City of Machlin For a sparke falling among the Gunpowder at the Mills by accident or perhaps upon designe tooke hold of 60. Barrels with such a horrid thunder and Earthquake that in most of the Cityes of Brabant the men and houses trembed at the dreadfull noyse Though in regard these Powder-Milles used to be distant from Townes there were but few men slaine yet there might have been fewer and would be daily if as we sever seditious persons lest by coming together they set the State in a Combustion so the Elements that make Gunpowder were kept a sunder But Alva more moved with the Losse then with the Prodigy laid the foundation of a Fort at Antwerp modelled by the great Engineere Paciotto approved of by the Judgment of Serbellonio raised by the hands of 2000. Workmen with extraordinary Speed and Successe because he used but one man's contrivance and one man's counsell It was built in the forme of a Pentagon at every one of the sides was a large bulwarke to foure of which the Governour gave his owne name and titles Ferdinando Toledo Duke and Alva the fifth he suffered to be called Paciotto But this Fort though it long continued a patterne to all the new Plat-formes of Europe and that Paciotto got himselfe a great name by it being from thence called the Inventour of the moderne Fortification yet it was not by all men equally esteemed as for other Causes so particularly for the Situation upon that banke of the Scheldt which looketh towards Brabant in so much as when the Enemy from Holland attacques the Towne it cannot beat them off as it would have done had it been placed on the other side the City against the mouth of Scheldt opposite to Holland But 't is excused by some that say when Alva built this Fort he rather considered how he might defend himselfe from the Towne then the Towne from the Enemy And they add that the place was discreetly chosen as opportune for the bringing in contribution from those Provinces subject to the Spaniard which indeed is most considerable in the building of Forts a convenience they had wanted in case it had looked towards Holland Though I suppose Serbellonio had not this in designe For when he raised this Fort Holland was no lesse obedient to the King then Brabant and therefore he would have provided
for contribution from both But I conceive by that Site he intended the Security of the Fort it selfe For when all the Levell between that and Holland lyes so much lower that the River is kept off by huge Piles of wood lest it should overflow the Fields and Villages it had been very inconsiderate to have fortified where the Enemy tearing up the Wood-piles the very water would have besieged the Place and have forced it to yield To which danger it is not subject being seated on the higher ground Though afterwards when the Low-countreys were divided and Holland brought into the power of the Enemy that fell out which was not at first thought of the Advantage of bringing into the Fort Supplyes out of the Provinces in obedience to the King of Spaine At the same time from the councell of Twelve nominated by Alva to determine without Appeale the causes of all Delinquents in the late Tumults by reason of their frequent Sentences of Death called the Councell of Bloud William Nassau Prince of Orange Anthony Lalin Count Hochstrat Florence Pallantius Count Culemburg William Count Bergen Henry Brederod and the other Lords fled out of the Low-countreys were upon Alva's command summoned to heare their Accusations and Impeachments read by the King's Advocate and to cleare themselves of the crimes charged against them But they presently sending a Paper to the Duke of Alva wherein they denyed his Councell to be a lawfull Court of their Companions of the Golden Fleece held it their safest course at a distance to defend their Common cause The Prince of Orange made suite to the Emperour Maximilian and implored his and the German Princes Assistance that by their Authority the Difference wit the Duke of Alva might be composed Unlesse perhaps he did it that under pretence of making his Peace the Spaniard might not looke into his preparations for a Warre Nor did Caesar or the Princes of the Empire deny their Patronage to the Low-country-men But the Duke of Alva answered to the Letters written by Maximilian and to the Duke of Bavaria's Embassadour whom the rest of the German Lords as one respected by the King had chosen to represent their Desires to the Governour that he did not this of himselfe but by command from the King and so hastning their cause to a Hearing yet expecting the number of dayes given for their Appearance when within that time none of them came in the Duke of Alva according to the power deputed to him by the King in that case to heare and determine pronounced the Prince of Orange his Brother Lewis and the rest that were summoned by Edict guilty of High Treason and confiscated their Estates Likewise he put a Spanish Garrison into Breda a Towne of the Prince of Orang'es and taking his Son Philip-William a Child of thirteene yeares old from the Vniversity of Lovaine where he was a Student sent him into Spaine where under the name of Catholique Education the name of Hostage was concealed This the Prince of Orange seemed passionately to resent execrating with continuall and publique Exclamations the cruelty used to a boy of thirteen whom neither his own Innocence nor the priviledges of the Vniversity of Lovaine could protect from Injury Yet many upon very good Grounds conceived his Son's Captivity was pleasing to this subtill Prince measuring all things by his own Advantage For if the King of Spaine prevailed and consequently he himselfe should lose all he had yet his Majesty might be mercifull to the boy bred up a Spaniard but if as he hoped it should otherwise fall out he had a younger Son Maurice Companion in his Father's Fortune and Heire to his Estate By the said Councell of twelve all such were particularly condemned as the Duke of Alva upon Examination by Inquisitours sent through the Provinces found to have violated Churches or holy Pictures or to have assembled at Sermons Consistoryes and turbulent meetings or to have conspired against the King either by wearing Cognizances and owning the names of Gheuses or by taking Armes or lastly by assisting the Rebells with their Endeavours Counsels or Forces Yet the wiser sort thought this to be an unseasonable Course and that rather till the Heads had been cut off the Body should have been gently handled and laid in a sleepe lest if it should be in motion that agility might easily decline the blow made at the head With the like fury the Duke of Alva commanded them to pull down Culemburg-House Where the Gheuses first received their Denomination and upon the place setting a Marble-pillar writ upon the Basis as a monument to posterity in foure Languages these words In this Area stood the House of Florence Pallantius ruined in memory of the execrable Treason hatched therein at sever all times against Religion the Roman Catholique Church their King and Countrey This Spectacle was rendred more horrid by the late newes from Spaine that Prince Charles was imprisoned by the King his Father's command and that Florence Momorancy sent as you have heard into Spaine by the Governesse was by warrant from the King a Prisoner in Segovia It was thought the same objections were against him that were against his Brother Count Horne but the Prince lost himselfe by his Favours to the Low-countrey-men Indeed the Judgement upon Montiny was certainly known he being condemned a yeare after to lose his Head but the cause of Prince Charles his Death which hapned in this yeare the more uncertaine and obscure it was the more litigiously do Writers strive to examine it most men having a naturall Ambition to search into Secrets and passe by things before their eyes Whatsoever I my selfe have by my Industry discovered that concernes Prince Charles I shall impartially unfold not regarding the conceptions of others Charles prince of Spaine was of a furious and violent nature and noted to be so from his Childhood at which time being presented by some Hunters with Levorets he killed them with his owne hands that he might have the pleasure of seeing them gaspe and dye The Venetian Embassadoâ—r tooke notice thereof and from thence made a Iudgment of the Child 's barbarous inclination with as much probability as long agoe the Areopagites censured the Boy that put forth the eyes of Quailes This I have read in the Letters touching the Affayres of Spaine writt by the said Embassadour to the Senate of Venice And the Prince himselfe dayly manifested the truth of these coniectures by his cruell and monstrous disposition not being at many times Master of himselfe as the Archbishop of Rossana the Popes Nuntio affimed writing to Cardinall Alexandrino And the Child grew more headstrong by reason of his Father's absence and the indulgence of Maximilian King of Bohemia who with his Queene Mary Daughter to Charles the fifth governed Spaine for King Philip. This his Granfather Charles the
foure Lords being tyed to Stakes and their Heads set upon Poles were left in the Fields and the same course was afterwards taken with the rest For the next day in the same place foure Gentlemen more suffered the same death in which number was Villers and Dui Commanders lately taken at the Battaile of Iuliers and though both of them dyed equally good Christians yet not with equall sense for Villers publiquely protested that Alva had condemned him to free himselfe of the Obligations Villers had laid upon him but his Judge himselfe should not long be unsentenced Contrarily Dui gave humble thanks to the King and the Duke of Alva for that end and prayed the people to pardon and pray for him Likewise at Vilvord Anthony Stral late Consul of Antwerp Casembrot Secretary to Count Egmont and others imprisoned for the same Fact were in the same manner condemned and beheaded The Provost-Marshall that gave order in the Duke of Alva's name for their Execution was Iohn Spel a great stickler in Causes of Life and Death who a while after being found guilty of many hainous crimes was by the Duke of Alva's command hanged up to the great Joy of the Low-countrey-men But these punishments seemed only to usher in the Death of the two Counts the last Scene of whose sad Tragedy was acted with a great Terrour to the Spectatours and which the Authour wishes had not been with their greater Indignation The Counts Egmont and Horne had now been prisoners for nine months in the Castle of Gant In which time I find all possible meanes used to the Duke of Alva to the King to the Emperour to the Princes Electors and to all the Companions of the Golden-Fleece without whose joynt consents it was pretended none of the Order could be put to death But they that most earnestly sollicited the cause were Mary Momorancy Sister to Count Horne and Sabina Palatina of Baviâ—r Count Egmont's Lady And indeed her Petition sent into Spaine by Octavio Duke of Parma and his Wife Margaret of Austria cannot well be read by any one without commiseration Either where she remembred the King of the Customes observed in the causes of his Companions of the Order quoting the Lawes and instancing Examples or where She puts him in mind of the severall painfull services done by her Husband even before he was 18. yeares of age both for the Emperour Charles and for King Philip himselfe The many undaunted hazards of his Life at Algiers in Gelderland and in his warres with France Lastly she humbly prayed his Majesty to be mercifull and not suffer an unfortunate Mother and eleven innocent Children with so sad a losse and Disgrace to wander through the World a miserable and continued example of humane Calamity Notwithstanding the King's Advocate proceeded to the Examination of witnesses taking foure moneths of the nine to prove the Impeachment and leaving to the Prisoners the other five moneths for their defence The whole processe if I had time to give it you as it lyes by me in a volume I doubt not but I should in this place satisfie many covetous of such novities But I hold it more agreeable to the History's Honour and the Reader 's hast to set down only the heads It was charged against the Counts Egmont and Horne that they had plotted with the Prince of Orange and other Noble-men to dispossesse the King of the Low-countreys and to divide the Provinces among themselves To that end were their indeavours of expelling cardinall Granvell who looked into their Designes Nor would they leave off their Aenigmaticall Cognizances of Hoods and Arrowes the manifest signes of their Conspiracy till they had inforced his Majesty to call the Cardinall out of the Low-countreys That they did not onely know of the Covenant but that Casembrot Egmont's chiefe Secretary who had made his Lord privy to his taking of it was not only not turned away but did his ordinary meniall Service as before And Horne who was obliged as Governour of the place to have assisted the Generall Beavor sent by the Governesse to drive Villers and the rest of the Covenanters out of Tournay had consulted with the Magsitrate about the expelling of Beavor That both of them were professed Patrons to the Covenanters the Consistorians and Merchants promising them to live and dye with them That they treated at Dendermond with the Prince of Orange his Brother Lewis Count Hochstrat and some few consederates to stop the King's passage into the Low-countreys and were often present at such Meetings That they opposed not the Gheuses when they plundred Churches which Picture-scuffle was begun in Flanders Count Egmont's Province And that Count Horne had suffered some of them at Tournay to escape out of prison by name one of the chiefe Incendiaries Ferdinand Martin more then once committed to the Jayle for Sacriledge That they had not been adying to Magistrates of Townes whereof they themselves were Governours requiring their Assistance against those Violaters of holy things That they had explained the Governesse's Commands against Hereticks contrary to the Governesse's mind granted them Churches to preach in and done other things of which many Particulars were instanced contrary to the Duties of such persons as were Governours of Provinces Privy Counsellours Knights of the Golden-Fleece and Subjects to the King of Spaine For all which lawfully charged and proved against Egmont and Horne the Kings Advocate earnestly moved the Court that Sentence might be pronounced against them as Traitours their Estates consiscated and they condemned to lose their heads To this Egmont and Horne as both their causes were of the same nature premised that saving to themselves all advantages in Law which bound them not to render an accompt of their Actions to any but to the King who together with the Companions of the Order was the legall Judge over the Knights of the Golden-Fleece they answered severally but so as to the greatest part of the Charge they pleaded not guilty Many things they interpreted some they confessed but alledged they were done legally That they had consulted about changing of their Prince they absolutely denyed and Horne very much complained as if he were wronged with such an imputation As to that of consulting to barre the Spaniards entrance into the Low-countreys Egmont denyed not but that in the meeting at Dendermond some such thing was spoken by Lewis of Nassau the rest disâ—enting and therefore it was not necessary he should advertise the Governesse of a conference wherein nothing was concluded How they proceeded with the confederate Gentlemen they explained That they made some Concessions to the Covenanters the Picture-breakers and Hereticks but such as they were forced to by necessity and the good of Religion which without doubt had been otherwise subverted in Flanders wherein no lesse then threescore thousand men went armed to Sermons Nor without a Toleration would they ever have
in his returne to Bruxells by his eldest Son Federico Duke of Oscha great Commander of the Order of Calatrava who brought him from the King 2500 Foote and a good summe of money a necessary Supply against the Preparations of the prince of Orange For now the Prince of Orange was upon his March with a vast Army raised in Germany diverse of the hereticall Princes willingly associating in hatred to the Spanish House of Austria This League was advanced by by a generall indignation upon the newes of Count Egmont's and Count Horne's death the Envy to Alva thereupon increasing and much aggravated by a Booke against His Tyranny written and published by the Prince of Orange There was in his Army when he mustered it at Aquis-Grane 28000 men that is 16000 German Foot and 8000 Horse French and Low Dutch 2000 Horse and very neare as many Foot To the Germans the Prince Elector Count Palatine the Duke of Wirtemberg and the City of Strasburg had promised foure Months Pay to the French and the Low-countreymen a Spanish Merchant at Antwerp had ingaged for 1800 French Crownes a month during the said terme To maintaine the Horse was undertaken partly by the Prince of Orange and his Brother partly by the very Commanders of Horse Casimire Son to the Palsgraue Count Suarzemburg two of the Dukes of Saxony Count Hocâ—strat and William Lumè one of the Counts de Marca the last of these a deadly Enemy to the Catholiques is said to have made such a barbarous Vow as once Cl. Civilis who likewise commanded the Hollanders that he would never cut his haire till he had revenged the Deaths of Egmont and Horne With these Forces the Prince of Orange sooner then could be imagined passed the Rhyne and incamping along the banke of the Mose not farre from Maestricht filled the Low Countries with strange Reports and Terrour Indeed the Duke of Alva in appearance extreamely slighted such Rumours being a notable Dissembler of military Dangers and one that feared nothing more then to be thought to feare So that when a Captaine with very much Trouble in his Face amplifyed the Newes and told him how many Princes and Kings had entred into League against Spaine among whom he numbered Denmarke and England the Duke answered merrily he knew what accompt to make of that League nor was such a conspiracy of Rebells any way formidable the King having more Princes that tooke part with him For with the King of Spaine was confederated the Kings of Naples Sicily and Sardinia the Duke of Millaine Prince of Burgundy and the Low-countreys besides the King 's of Peru Mexico and New Spaine but herein the Confederations differed that in theirs the dissimilitude of Nations and dispositions and if no other obstacle their severall Intersts must needs cause disagreement and in a little time dissolve the union Whereas in this what pleased one pleased all and consequently it would be eternall And truly Alva was not so jealous of a forreigne Enemy as of the Natives knowing himselfe hated by a great sort of them nor could he thinke the Prince of Orange durst ever have attempted to bring a Warre into the Lowcountreys if he had not beene invited and assisted by the Low-countreymen Especially when so many Robberies and Murthers had been done upon the high way by the banished Gheuses Which because they sheltred in the Forests were called Wood-Gheuses The common Terrour was increased by a fearfull apparition in the Aire of two Armyes in Battalia seen on a cleare night to brandish their glittering Pikes as if they were ready for a charge The Prodigy because seen in diverse places was beleived and therefore more such stories were dayly told which made Alva looke to himselfe So that fortifying the Froatier Townes and those he most doubted he hastened with his Army to Maestricht that from thence he might incounter the Prince of Orange's Designes and by keeping the banke of Mose hinder him from passing the River But the Prince's subtilty and boldnesse carryed it And this was his first Stratagem in the Low-countrey-Warre wherein he plainly shewed how great an Enemy declared himselfe against the King For his Horse finding the River foardable between Rurimond and Maestricht the Mose being then accidentally at a low Ebbe the Prince helped his Fortune with Art in this manner He tied his Horse together and made them stand crosse the River to breake the Streame as Iulius Caesar did when he passed Ligeris and Cicoris and some others of late time have done by this meanes the force of the Current being abated and repelled he commanded his Foote to wade over silently in the Evening and that night with inobserveable speed or rather by an incredible Attempt he deceived the Kings Guards and safely arrived on the father Shore with his Army which was so suddaine and unexpected newes to Alva that when Barlamont told him the Enemy was come over the Duke asked him if he thought them to be an Army of Birds that had flowne over the Mose But the Prince of Orange entring Brabant and confidently incamping within six Miles of the Spanish Army the next day drew out his men and with Drummes beating and Trumpets sounding faced and offered Battaile to the Duke of Alva whose Campe-Master Chiapino Vitelli was of opinion that the Enemy wet with the River and weary with their March should have beene fought before they had incamped nor did he as yet thinke the fight was wholly to be declined but that it concerned the Spaniards in point of honour to make some Attempt upon the now insâ—lting Germans and let them know the Valour of the Royall Army But the Duke foreseeing that money could not long hold out to pay so great an Army which would therefore moulder away especially upon the approach of winter resolved with the least hazard to himselfe to elude the enemy His principall designe was to keep them from getting into any strong Towne lest they should make their Pay out of the Plunder of the Countrey yet scarce any day passed but as the Armies lay close tother they had some Skirmishes and Fights commonly about victuall the Prince of Orange's men being still the Challengers Which Fights how they were managed and with what daily successe I could particularize For Raphael Barberino Knight of Saint Steven an eminent Commander a very great Mathematician sent to Rome Diaries of all Actions in the Campe directed to his Brothers Francesco Barberino Proto-Notary Aposticall and Anthonio Barberino Father to Pope Vrban the Eight under which Prince no lesse supreame in Learning then Religion it is my happinesse to write this History But out of those Letters whereof I have Copies I hold it best to give you only some choice Passages omitting the rest that were either of the same kind or not so remarkable The third day after he had passed
the thickest of those that fought his voice his hand and even his presence was very much conducing to the Victory though his wound festring upon the cold he tooke his recovery was despaired of and it had like to have cost his life Ienlis they say lost twelve hundred men the Spaniards no more but thirty Ienlis himselfe and six hundred of his Souldiers whereof about six score were Gentlemen coming into the Spaniards hands part were imprisoned in the Forts next adjoyning and the rest hanged up Such as fled out of that unfortunate battaile and hid themselves in the Woods were by the Countrey people whom they had cruelly used awhile before with like cruelty murdered But Federico whose name grew glorious from that Field returned with his Victorious Army to the next Village to give publique thankes to Saint Leocadia Patronesse of Toledo whose body at that time was there preserved spending the day in warlike pompe And to fill Spaine with the newes the Duke as haughty in Ostentation as in Action sent Captaine Bobadilla to the King to gratulate his Majesty for the victory won by his Majesties Armes and Influence In the meane time the Prince of Orange animated with fame and hope of the rebellious Provinces was the more confident to march the second time against the Duke of Alva and bringing into the Field 6000 Horse and 11000 Foote in the beginning of Iuly passed the Rhine and the Mose storming Ruremond in a cruell manner entred Brabant forcing a passage into Haynolt to relieve his Brother Lewis In the way he traversed his ground to Lovaine a City faithfull to the King but forbare to use violence against it upon the Receipt of 16000. Crownes Mechlin having a while before refused a Spanish Garison and therefore unable to make resistance yielded The same fate had Nivell Diest Sichem Thienen and other Townes that either out of Feare or Love submitted to the Rebells Bruxells constant to their Loyalty kept out the the Prince of Orange Dendermund and Oudenaerd were stormed and plundered Many Villages not strong enough to resist redeemed themselves with money And indeed the Lowcountreys if ever at this time were truly miserable being invaded by forren Armyes by Sea and land The Sea-coast was spoiled and harressed by Lumè The parts bordering upon France by Lewis of Nassau Those confining upon Germany by Count Bergen and the Inland-Countrey by the Prince of Orange Nor did they only take Townes kill such as made resistance and rob houses with the Licentiousnesse and Avarice of Souldiers but with barbarous Inhumanity spared no age nor modesty tyrannizing over the Rest and Monuments of the dead which they spleened as much as the Living especially holy things and Persons no money could buy the Lives of Priests but with exquisite and shamefull cruelty they were tortured to death Some Writers expressely describe this Priest-Shambles which the Gheuses and and Lumè of all the Gheuses the bloudyest Butcher set up in many Cityes with as much glory to the Sufferers as dishonour to the Iudges and Hangmen And though in some places the King's Army Sacrilege excepted used their Victory afterwards with greate Cruelty Yet because the Gheuses began to them at Brill and likewise contrary to their faith obliged by oath had plundred Amorsfort the severity of the Spaniard seemes to be somewhat more pardonable as done by Example I am sure for this very reason the Hereticks in their owne Annalls doe confesse the Prince of Orange's men were infamous in the Low-countreys and he himselfe that was thought at first to have taken armes for Protection of the Netherlands against the Tyranny of Alva now by making no distinction between Friend and Enemy grew to be generally hated the people complaining that they were fallen among a multitude of Tyrants But the Prince of Orange slighting the distaste of the Cities came into Haynolt within sight of the besieged in the month of August where he found the Towne straitned and as it was commonly thought not able to hold out long against the Spaniards He wondred much to see the fortification of the Leaguer no lesse strong for mastering and keeping in the Garison then inaccessible to the assaults of any that should come to their Reliefe Diverse pieces of Cannon played upon Bartimont-Port from a hill which with a worke running on the left hand and a line from thence almost inclosed the Towne many little Redoubts at convenient distance standing on the Bulwarks which flanked one another and secured the whole These Intrenchments whilst the Prince of Orange vainely endeavoured to passe being entertained with some pickeering for Alva was resolved not to venture a battaile he heard about evening in the Spanish Campe a great joy expressed by three Vollyes of Shot and the cheerfull sound of Drums and Trumpets the light of Bonefires shining through the Army whereat being very much troubled his Spyes brought intelligence that two dayes before by King Charles his Command the great Massacre of the Hugonots was executed at Paris which because it hapned at the Marriage of Henry King of Navarre afterwards King of France and Margaret Sister to King Charles upon Saint Bartholomew's-Eve the Massacre it selfe was called Bartholomews-Eve or the Parisian wedding A strange attempt it was indeed but a just punishment of Traitours conspiring against their King The Pope when he had the newes sent him from the Cardinall of Loraine set apart a day of publique Thanksgiving to God the just Revenger in the Church of Saint Lewis and published a Bull of extraordinary Indulgences to such as should pray for the heavenly assistance to the King and Kingdome of France The Prince of Orange amazed at the suddaine accident and doubting the Event of the Warre because the Admirall Coligny and the rest of the Hereticall Princes being murdered no Aydes from the King of France could now be hoped for by these of the adverse Faction held it his best course to try the fortune of a battaile with the Duke of Alva before the newes of the Massacre came to his Souldiers eares But Alva still cautelous kept himselfe within his Trenches and from thence safely battering the Towne the Prince of Orange when he saw he could neither make any impression into his Campe nor draw him out fearing lest the French Commanders the chiefe strength of his Army upon notice of the Massacre at Paris should change their mindes and leave him wrote to his Brother Lewis That hee should provide for himselfe and give way to his fate and so retired with his Army to Mechlin not without some losse received as it commonly happens in a Retreate For almost 200. commanded Spanish Foot and about 800. Horse all of them so habited as they might bee distinguished by one another in the darke broke into the enemies Campe in the night and killing their first Centrees fell
of the citizens were so incensed as that searching the Town for Spaniards by chance they met a servant of Hieronimo Boda a Spanish Senatour whom the Low-countreymen hated above all the rest because he had in many things been the Governour Requesenes his instrument and at that time stoutly spake for the King in Senate this poor Servingman they slew fouly mangling his body and would have fallen upon Roda himself Alphonso Vargas and Iuliano Romero if they had not presently instructed by the danger retired to Court In like manner iâ— being reported that the Spaniards bragged they would march from Aelst and storm Bruxels unlesse they were paid by order of the Senate the Lords for they said the multitude would not otherwise be appeased declared the Spaniards that kept Aelst Rebells and enemies to the King and State permitting the people of Bruxels to take up arms in defence of their City By which example many Cities of Brabant and Flanders because they pretended to be in like fear of the Wallons and Germans in Garrison among them by like indulgence of the Senate and incouragement from the Burgesses took arms But the Spanish Commanders fearing this to a generall conspiracie of the Provinces against their Nation whilst they busied themselves in preparing for a warre suspected and no lesse suspecting on both sides the causes of mutuall hatred were increased and each party looking upon the other as an enemie they became enemies indeed For when Sancho Avila who was the ablest souldier and greatest man among them being Governour of the Fort at Antwerp by letters directed to the Senate complained that the Cities were in arms and tumults under the colour of remedie fomented and the Senate in like manner returned answer that Avila without making his addresses unto them had increased his Garrison and therefore Required him to slight them in a short time they broke out into open hostilitie For it was by a new Edict of Senate decreed that no man should presume to assist the seditious Spaniards at Aelst with any kind of help or councell notwithstanding Avila though he was offended with their mutinie yet for fear they might be circumvented by the Low-countreymen furnished them with powder and three field-pieces But very opportunely at the same time Charles Croi Marquesse of Harve Brother to Duke Areschot returned from Spain with the Kings letters to the Senate wherein he promised very suddenly to send them Don Iohn of Austria their Governour Which not a little retarded the beginning of the civill Warre especially since both the parties laboured to avoid that imputation and therefore severally strove by speedy messengers to prepossesse the mind of their new Governour Yet forasmuch as the Royal party in the Senate knew this truce could not long continue being opposed by the Burgesses after Iohn Baptista a Boscho whom they had sent post into Spain they carefully dispatched away Maximilian Rassinghem and Francis Vasseur protesting to his Majestie That the Authoritie of Senate could not bridle the hatred of the people so much inraged that scarce a Tradesman in the Town or a Ploughman in the Countrey but spent his time in buying armour and muskets Nor was the multitude kept in order by the Garrison-souldiers who wanting pay and allured with hope of plunder by pillaging Towns through the whole Countrey and threatning all the Provinces unmeasurably increased the Tumults That in the Treasury was not money enough to pay them That they themselves had received from his Majestie by the hand of the Marquesse of Havre seventy thousand crowns and a little while before as many but this sum which was all that in six moneths could be got from Spain to supply the Low-countreys would not serve for one moneths pay Howsoever they themselves had to that day as well as they could maintained the Commonwealth relying upon his Majesties promises and the late hope of Don John's coming Who if he staid a while longer no doubt the mischief would break forth into a publick and irrevocable ruine For hitherto they had governed the weather-beaten State and stopt the leaks whilst they were but one or two Now if whole planks were sprung it was to be feared that the Ship splitting all the Masters care will come too late This free expression of the Senate though it moved the King to send Don Iohn post into the Netherlands yet as it is commonly the fortune of all Spanish hast he arrived too late to the destruction of the Publick For in a violent sicknesse there is not a more certain sign of death then if remedies be applyed sparingly and out of time especially if there be somewhat from without which by fanning the inward humours poisoned with immoderate heat instead of cooling more inflames them For the Prince of Orange who conceived there could not be a happier opportunitie for him then the present discord of the Kings Governours used all his industrie and by frequent letters and messengers from Holland he that was ambitious to govern courted the Senatours and Governours of Provinces with the usuall word that signifies nothing Libertie They say his Emissaries moved Duke Areschot that he being the greatest person in the Senate for when the King gave the Senatours their Commission for the Government of the Low-countreys Areschot was first named as Prince of the Senate would use that greatnesse for the benefit of his Nation and opportunely lay hold of the honourable Title of his Countreys Deliverer Nor would there be any great difficulty in the enterprise if they two united themselves and to strengthen the tie of friendship should confirm it with a double marriage Count Buron eldest sonne to the Prince of Orange marrying the daughter of Duke Areschot and his eldest son the Prince of Cimace the eldest daughter to the Prince of Orange It was likewise conceived that Areschot from that time deserted the Spanish partie But howsoever it is evident that diverse Noblemen and many Senatours that were formerly Neuters moved by the late proceedings of the Spaniards at Alest for they had taken the Fort of Likerch near to Bruxels entered into a league with the Prince of Orange which presently appeared in Senate that upon news of the Spaniards threats and approaches united themselves with the Burgesses of Brabant and Haynolt For when some delivered their opinions that such frequent mutinies of the Spaniards and their late menaces against the Royall Senate should be chastised with arms and others voted on the contrary that they should rather be appeased with the money due unto them that there was no fighting with such men as would sell their skins at a dear rate that the Spanish Commanders which held most of their Forts would not suffer their Countreymen to be cut off by such a combination nor themselves and the King to loose the strength of so many old souldiers nay that the King
of terrour and therefore sufficiently formidable to that very day were now turned into these great Gunns that he might though absent for ever terrifie the Low-countreys The City of Gant with no lesse alacrity forthwith followed the example of Antwerp so did Utrecht Lisle Valenciens and other Towns which slighting their Forts as if they had shaken off the yoke of servitude kept the Festivall of their new recovered Libertie These actions because they tended to a Rebellion of the People and which more troubled some to the too high advancement of the Prince of Orange his power divers of the Lords yet loyall to the King especially Duke Areschott by reason of the old differences between him and the Prince of Orange spake of choosing a new Governour of the Low-countreys pretending it would strengthen the Estates by accession of greater forces but meaning when the Ruart was out of Commission whom the Nobility with much unwillingness obeyed to balance the Authority of their new Prince And when some named the Queen of England some Francis Hercules Duke of Alenâ—on Brother to the King of France others Matthias Arch-duke of Austria the Emperour Rodolph's brother the Catholicks excepted against Her as an heretick and one that would govern them by a Lieutenant The Duke of Alenâ—on â—on by reason of the constant enmity between the Low-countrey men and the French was not by many so much desired as the Archduke who being of the House of Austria would not so much offend King Philip unlesse some pitched upon the Archduke onely to engage the House of Austria in a Warr among themselves Embassadours to this purpose being sent to Vienna easily perswaded the young Archduke to what he longed for and stealing him away by night with a few in his train brought him sooner then could be imagined into Brabant without the privity of the Emperour Rodolph who as soon as he knew it sent post after him to stop his flight and afterwards wrote Letters to disswade him but in vain from his designe I have likewise heard from good hands that the Emperour was very angry with his brother Maximilian because he had not in time acquainted him of this Plot imparted unto him by the Archduke though Maximilian excused himself because his Brother made him take an Oath that he should not reveal the Secret that night discovered to him unto any man living till the next day at evening But for all this the Emperour escaped not the censure of some that made a farre other construction of the Arch-duke's flight Truly at that very time many men suspected the sending of this youth to govern the Netherlands to be designed that by occasion of this patronage the Low-countreys might come at last to be the Patrimony of the Germane House of Austria a point which Bartholameo Comes Portia the Popes Legate to the Emperour grounding his discourse upon this suspicion argued with some Germane Lords And Don Iohn himself seemed to doubt the Emperours intention For writing to Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma among other passages he sayes Yesterday one brought me Letters from the Emperour wherein he tells me of his brothers departure as he suspects for the Low-countreys without either his Privitie or Allowance Indeed it is a thing that troubles me not a little For though I am not ignorant that it was last year attempted by the Estates yet I could never perswade my self that either the Arch-duke would undertake it or that his Mother the Empresse and the Emperour his Brother would give their assents Howbeit I wonder not so much at the Empresse-Dowager who I believe knew nothing at all of the Designe but am rather grieved on her behalf and fear that her sonne 's levity will much afflict her What I should think of the Emperour I cannot yet resolve because when he knew there was such a businesse in agitation He was so far from preventing it that he never so mâ—ch as like a kinsman sent word of it to the King For mine own part as soon as ever I hear the Arch-duke sets his foot in the Low-countreys I will seriously desire him as I think it concerus both our interests not to joyn nor engage with the Estates If he refuse I shall justly repute him for an Enemie But the Arch-duke was now come into the Netherlands though not yet declared their Governour For the Estates and the Prince of Orange being not sufficiently consulted in the businesse purposely delayed it very busie about preparing conditions to be offered unto the Arch-duke and finally proposing no fewer then thirty one whereby they tied his hands and onely allowing him the honour of precedencie laid the foundation of such a popular Goverment as the Low-countrey men had of old when dividing the administration with their King they did govern and were governed To these conditions when both Catholicks and Hereticks being joyned in a new League had bound themselves by Oath the Arch-duke Matthias first at Antwerp afterwards at Bruxels with great publick joy Shows and Revels was saluted Governour of the Low-countreys And the Prince of Orange his party prevailed so farre that he was added to the Arch-duke not yet one and twenty years of age and a stranger to the Low-countrey affairs that under the name of his Lieutenant he might be indeed his Governour The first Act of the new Government was to purge the House of Lords and discharge all those Senatours that were held ill affected to the Estates choosing new ones in their places which immediately pronounced all Don Iohn of Austra's adherents enemies to their Countrey Soon after the same sentence passed against Don Iohn himself unlesse he departed the Low-countrâ—ys Lastly by the same Senate and the Deputies of the Estates an Oath was framed wherein both the Clergie and Laity should swear to obey the Arch-duke Matthias supream Governour of the Low-countreys and 〈◊〉 defend 〈◊〉 with their Lives and 〈◊〉 till another were created by the King and the Estates but to oppose Don John of Austria as an enemie This Law being passed and in some places in a manner forced entrapped many of the Nobilitie and ruin'd some At Antwerp they began with the Fathers of the Societie because their authoritie being great in the citie it was thought if they acknowledged the Arch duke others might be invited by their example or if they did not frighted by their punishment The Hereticks exceedingly pressed it not doubting but the Fathers whose constancie they had alwayes hated but now wished upon such an occasion which they commonly turned to their honour would in the mean time be banished the Low-countreys William Hese undertook it and meeting Father Baldwin ab Angelo Provinciall of the Iesuites in the Low-countreys advised him to take the Oath in the name of the Societie He who knew that Oath was formed by Hereticks against the
description of other Generals by how much he will be oftner in the Readers eye filling up a great part of our future Annals Nor will it be unpleasing to know Alexander Farneze before his Low-countrey expedition and to compare him in his former life to Himself in the Government of the Low-countreys like Members of a great Bodie every where great Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma Piacenza Governour of the Low countreys But in the interim a nobler cause of war was offered him a generall peace being concluded among Christian Princes against the common enemie Divers considerations incited him to that voyage the ground of the Warre the confluence of noble persons that ingaged and above all the Generall Don Iohn of Austria equally near to him in love and bloud Nor was his Father unwilling to let him go in hope that his sons military inclination would produce great effects howsoever that his fiercenesse would be tamed But his Mother that was powerfull with her husband being against it the Duke said nothing could be done till they knew the pleasure of the King his Uncle In the mean time Margaret of Austria received Letters as she had ordered it from the King wherein he wished Prince Alexander should not go as yet But he beyond measure inflamed with Don Iohns invitation at last prevailing with his Mother and the King furnished himself for the Warrs as young souldiers ever do magnificently Fourty two Gentlemen of Parma and Piacenza followed him and he had three hundred that were a king of Pretorians for his Life-guard men chosen with more then ordinary care by Paulo Vitelli a great Commander most of them having been Captains Lieutenants or Ensignes or at least above the rank of common souldiers With this train Prince Alexander offered himself as a Volunteer to his Uncle the Generall Who then by chance being at the Musters of his Army affectionately embraced him and when he had with the Generalls leave selected four hundred sea-men of the Kings he put them in two Gallyes sent from the Common-wealth of Genoa to be commanded by Comes Carolo Scotto and Pedro Francisco Nicello he himself with his Lieutenant Vitelli and part of his Gentlemen and Souldiers going aboard the Admirall of Genoa Though in the voyage especially before the battel Don Iohn would never let him be out of the Imperiall Galley where he was himself which turned to the benefit of the whole Navie For a verie bitter difference ensuing between Don Iohn and Venerio the Admirall of Venice likely to embroyl the forces of Christendome in a Civil Warre when Don Iohn in his first heat was about to revenge the wrong offered to the Majestie of the Supream Admirall onely Prince Alexander though some failed not to bring fuell to the fire that burned sufficiently in the young Generalls nature had so much power with his Uncle that he kept him from striking the first stroke Till Mark Antonio Columna the Pope's Admiral and the Venetian Embassadour Augustino Barbaricâ— by their wisdom joyned to Prince Alexander's endeavours swifter then imagination dispersed this Tempest threatning destruction to the Fleet. For which service when Prince Alexander came next to Rome Pope Pius commended him before some of the Cardinalls acknowledging both himself and Christendom much obliged to him But when they were upon the place of Battel formerly famed for the victory of Actium won by Octavius Cesar and the ships on both sides put in Battalia Prince Alexander being aboard Columna's Gally in the midst of the Fleet passed into his own the two other Genoa-Gallyes lying to the wind-ward and after aâ—showr of Arrows and Bullets from afarr the ships encounting Alexander Farneze having an eye upon Mustapha Treasurer of the Turkish Fleet with all his force stem'd his Gally and grappling found her a great deal stronger then he imagined She carryed the money and therefore was manned with above three hundred Ianizaries all old and valient Souldiers When they had fought long upon equall termes sometimes one of them setting up their Colours sometimes another Prince Alexander at once inflamed with shame and anger flourishing as he used to do a huge great sword leaped into the Bashaw's Gally and laying about him on both sides like a mad-man by the flaughter of the enemy opened a way to his Souldiers that were so nettled with the example and danger of their General as now all the boldest Turkes being slain the rest would presently have yeiled if the Bashaw of Alexandria had not come in with a strong Gally whereby the Turks both strengthened and encouraged for a while renewed the fight But one of Alexander's Farneze's Gallyes sending in fresh supplies when the Turks could no longer stand the fury of the conquerours Mustapha being in many places run through the body the Bashaw of Alexandria hurt and soon after taken Prince Alexander made himselfe master not only of the Treasurer's Gally but likewise of the Auxiliary ship with so great pillage for his men that some of them got 2000 Sultanies it is a Coin of little lesse value then the Venetian Chechine of gold others 3000 onely out of this Gally of the Treasurers besides what his two other Gallies found in three of the enemies Galliouns and as many of their Galliasses They say that Don Iohn of Austria after the Battel when he heard his Nephew Alexander highly extolled received him with great expressions of joy and love yet praised him with this exception that he boarded the enemy with better successe then judgment they being yet in their full strength and able to have hindred his retreat Which fault he took for an honour and said the reason of his confidence was built upon the sanctitie of his wife by whose prayers to God for him he conceived himself protected and secured so merrily passing over his uncles reprehension Nor was the gallantry of Prince Alexander's minde lesse manifested the year following though with lesse fortune or rather lesse concord of the Christian Nations For the league being renewed and the Christian Fleet somewhat too late after the Battel of Lepanto returned to prosecute their victory in Peâ—oponnesus the new Turkish Admiral Uluciall had now repaired his ships and to avoide the encounter of the League having many times changed his Road now lay at Anchor near the strong Port of Methone And whilst Don Iohn with many offers to fight endeavoured to draw the Turks into the Main he resolved to send Alexander Farneze to besiege Navarinum not far off by land Who with 6000 in two divisions began to batter the Fort with more industrie then successe For the place being all rock or craggy his men could hardly get earth to raise their batteries nor could their tubbs and Gabions filled with earth and stone opposed in stead of a curtain be defence sufficient against the enemies Cannon The Seige was neverthelesse continued
him l. 10. p. 18 Alice Mother to Francis the first of France l. 1. p. 12 Alphonso Este Duke of Ferrara l. 1. p. 21 Alphonso Count de Sommai designed Colonell of the Italians at Milain l. 10. p. 7 Alphonso Leva sonne to Sancho Vice-roy of Navarre l. 10. p. 6. by orders from Don Iâ—hm fights the enemy p. 9. worsts him p. 10. brings off the Foot p. 12 Alphonse Lopes l. 5. p. 142 Alphonso Vlloa Colonel of the Spanish Foot in the Nâ—apolitan Regiment l. 6. p. 30 Alphonso Vargas commanding the Spanish Horse l. 8. p. 18. Rouâ—s the Glimâ—â—ens p. 21. Recovers Maâ—stricht ibid. marches to Antwerp takes and plunders it p. 22 23. he and the Spaniards leave the Low-countreys l. 9. p. 32 Altapen vide Charles Altempse vide Hannibal Alvarez Pacecho a Colonell l. 7. p. 72 Alava vide Francisco Alva vide Ferdinand Toledo Duke of Alva and Garçias Ambition Of the Belgick Lords in arms and at Court l. 2. p. 37 38 41 42. Of Granvell ibid. Of Egmont l. 2. p. 38. Of the Prince of Orange naturall to him ibid. and l. 2. p 45. l. 5. p. 121. l. 7. p. 40. reprehended in Senate l. 3. p. 67. Of Robert Brederod to be Archbishop of Cambray l. 2. p. 41. Vide Emulation Ambois vide Conspiracy Amity of neighbour Princes to be wished for l. 4. p. 91 Amida King of Tunis l. 10. p. 19. 21 Amâ—rsfort l. 7. p. 75 Amsterdam in Holland threatens to revolt from the King l. 6. p. 1. The wickednesse of the Hereticks there l. 5. p. 131. A Convention of the Convenanters p. 137. Pious courage of the women p. 131. The Covenanters would have surprized the Town l. 6. p. 19. are beat back ibid. the Citie receives a Garrison p. 20. is faithfull to the Spaniard l. 7. p. 72. begins to wayer l. 9. p. 41. is assaulted by the Prince of Orange l. 10. p. 5. resists wherein the women do speciall service ibid. It is rendred and deceived ibid. the destruction of all things sacred in the Town ibid. Anabaptists l. 2. p. 36 Andelott a Low-countrey man one of the Covenanters l. 6. p. 19 Andelott Coliny Generall of the French Foot l. 3. p. 56 Anderlech Steward to Count Megan l 5. p. 101 Andrew Salazar a Captain l. 6. p. 33 Andreas Vesaliâ—s Physician to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 10 Anguisiola vide Iuan. Aniâ— a River l. 7. p. 56 Anne of Austria daughter to the Emperour Maximilian is designed for wife to Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 68. after whose death his Father King Philip marries her ibid. She comes into the Low-countreys ibid. is conducted into Spain ibid. dies l. 7. p. 82 Anne Egmont first wife to the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 53 Anne daughter to Don Iohn of Austria l. 10. p. 23 Anne daughter of Mourice Duke of Saxony wife to the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 53. her marriage ibid. She is divorced and sent back into Germany p. 54 Annâ—â—s Mâ—morancy Constable of France l. 3. p. 61. his death l. 6. p. 35. he and the Duke of Alva compared l. 7. p. 83. Th' Ancibarian Generall his Vow against the 〈◊〉 l. 3. p. 51 Antonio Alâ—â—yda Anthony Bombâ—rg of Antwerp l. 6. p. 1. 2 Anthony Bourbon King of Navarre brother to the Prince of Caâ—da l. 3. p. 56. his various fortune ibid. he treats with King Philip about the restitution oâ— commutation of the Kingdome of Navarre p. 58. he withdraws his protection from the Hereticks p. 59. whereupon he hopes to marry Mary Stuart Queen of Scots ibid. he takes Roan p. 61. enters it triumphantly ibid. dies of a shot received at the Siege ibid. Anthony Gâ—igâ—y Lord of Vendege trailed a pike under Charles the fifth l. 9. p. 50. was a Commander of horse at the battel of St. Quintin ibid. Lieutenant Generall to Count Aremberg in France ibid. The discord of the Spaniards and Low-countrey men makes him leave the Kings Service ibid. he is Generall of the Confederates army p. 50. sent to Antwerp by the Deputies of the Estates l. 8. p. 22. taken prisoner p. 23. exchanged l. 9. p. 31. took again at the batâ—el of Gemblac l. 9. p. 52. Committed to the Fort at Mamure ibid. Antonio Gusman Marquesse of Ayamont Governour of Milain l. 9. p. 32. 47 Anthony Lalin Count Hochstras Captain of a troop of Low-countrey Horse l. 1. p. 17. made Knight of the Golden-Fleece by the endeavours of the Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 46. Governour of Mechlin l. 5. p. 1â—1 one of the Gentlemen Covenanters p. 101. he acts for the Hereticks l. 6. p. 1. meets the Covenanters at Cuilemburg house l. 5. p. â—109 assignes the Hereticks Churches in Mechlin l. 5. p. 131. gives reasons for it to the Governesse ibid. comes with the rest of the Lords to the Convention at Dendermond b. 5. p. 134. He is Lieutenant Governour of Antwerp for the Prince of Orange l. 5. p. 139. sends the Petition of the Hereticks at Antwerp to the Gouerness ibid. endeavours to draw Count Egmont to the new League p. 142. He and the Prince of Orange oppose the furious Calvinists at Antwerp l. 6. p. 4. refuseth to take the Oath of fidelitie to the King l. 6. p. 12. looseth his Government of Mechlin ibid. answers Count Mansfeldt jeeringly ibid. he and Count Egmont fall out l. 6. p. 14. 15. he promiseth before the Governess to take the Oath l. 6. p. 15. is sent for to Bruxels with the rest of the Lords by the Duke of Alva to set the State in Order l. 6. p. 32. hearing of their imprisonment he flies p. 33. he is impeached before the Councel of twelve l. 7. p. 41. pronounced guilty of High Treason by the Duke of Alva p. 42. his forces beyond the Mose routed by Avila p. 46. he is carâ—ied off the field sick l. 7. p. 56. his baggage taken by the Spaniard ibid. he is Generall at the battel by the Bank of Geta l. 7. p. 62. dies of a musket shot ibid. Antonio Mendosa l. 6. p. 26 Antonio Olivera first Commissary of Horse that ever was in the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 30. at the battel of Mâ—och l. 8. p. 4. at the sack of Antwerp l. 8. p. 22. at the battel of Gemblac l. 9. p. 50. brings his Prisoners to Don Iohn p. 51. hath a Pension assigned him by the â—ing l. 10. p. 7. Anthony Percâ—ot Granvell his birth l. 2. p. 39. Wit Languages and Elocution ibid. his emulation with Regnard l. 3. p. 67. from the Bishoprick of Arras first translated to the Archbishoprick of Mechlin l. 1. p. 18. commended by the Emperour to his sonne Philip the second l. 2. p. 40. His arts to ingratiate himself with the King ibid. he answers Charles the fifth for King Philip l. 1. p. 4. speaks for the King of the Estates l. 1. p. 25. his power with the King l. 3. p. 67 68. he stands for
Brabant the principall Province of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 15. l. 7. p. 46. extorts liberty of conscience l. 9. p. 41. its immunities and priviledges l. 2. p. 2. 29 30 31 32. l. 5. p. 98. the head of that Province ibid the towns there taken by the Prince of Orange reduced by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 77. their Deputies bought by the Prince of Orange l. 8. p. 17. are sent for to Bruxels by Requesenes l. 8. p. 18. its Governour l. 1. p. 17. Brabanters refuse the Inquisition l. 2. p. 32. and new Bishops l. 3. p. 65. send Agents privately to Rome and Spain p. 66. deny to obey the Governesse's Edict proposed unto them l. 5. p. 98. Create Prince of Orange Ruart of their Province l. 9. p. 36 Bracamonte vide Consalvo Brandenburg the Electour sends an Embassadour to the Governesse l. 6 p. 18 Breda l. 5. p. 142. besieged by the States forces l. 9. p. 48 sends a Messenger to Don Iohn who was discovered by the enemie ibid. it is rendered p. 49. the mutiny and perfidiousnesse of the souldiers ibid. Don Iohn sends forces to relieve it but in vain ibid. a Garrison of Spaniards put upon the town l. 7. p. 42 Brederod vide Henry Lancellot and Robert Bride l. 7. p. 54 Briganze vide Isabella and Mary Brill a Port town of Holland l. 7. p. 72 taken by the Gheuses ibid. upon the news whereof many Cities revolt ibid. the jeering clinch upon the name of Brill ibid. Brimè vide Charles Bruges affronts the Inquisitors l. 4 p. 84 Brunswick vide Erick Philip and Ernest Bruxets a capitall City of Brabant l. 5. p. 98. faithfull to the King l. 6. p. 31. their priviledges l. 5. p. 98. their contumacie against the Duke of Alva's imposing taxes l. 7. p. 70. they keep off the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 75. they mutiny l. 8. p. 18 20. their fear after the battle at Gemblot l. 9. p. 53 Bucar l. 3. p. 55 Bura taken by assault l. 8. p. 8 Buran the Count l. 8. p. 19 Burgundie by Charles the fifth assigned to King Philip l. 1. p. 4. the Dukes of Burgundie p. 15. the Governour p. 17 Burgundians scale the fort at Dalhem and take it l. 10 p. 3 Burgundion Princes used in their funerall pomp to have a Crown set upon their heads l. 10. p. 22. vide Philip and Mary Bulduc or Bus one of the chief Cities of Brabant l. 5. p. 98. refuseth Count Megan l. 6. p. 2. a tumult in the town ibid. they force their Bishop to flie l. 5. 131. they detain the Governesse Embassadours l. 6. p. 2. they release and send them to her p. 16. they threaten to revolt from the King p. 2. they are declared enemies p. 16. they crave pardon and render themselves p. 17. they receive a Garrison ibid. Busta vide Pedro Butero a Prince l. 10. p. 23 Sentences in B. BENEFITS please like flowers while they are fresh l. 1. p. 14 Some mens natures are more obliged by receiving one then many BENEFITS l. 1. p. 24 When men fall from their hope whatsoever comes short of their wishes looseth the title of a BENEFIT l. 2. p. 38 A BENEFIT more easily obligeth particulars then a multitude l. 1. p. 22 A present BOUNTIE is the step to a future Rise l. 1. p. 24 CArcass of a girl eaten by her Parents l. 7. p. 80 Cahors the Bishop l. 2. p. 80 Caesar Davalo brother to the Marquesse of Pescara pursues the Nassavians l. 7. p. 55 Casius vide Nicolaus Caius Fabius his gallant attempt to passe through the enemies Camp l. 9. p. 40 Callice taken by the French l. 1. p. 11 Cooks and Scullions fire Antwerp l. 8. p. 22 Calvin tries how his books will take in France l. 3. p. 56. brings in heresie there ibid. is authour of the tumult at Ambois l. 3. p. 57 Calvinists imprisoned l. 3. p. 62. condemned ibid. rescued from the Executioner ibid carried back to prison l. 3. p. 63 taken out by force p. 64. executed p. 65. they plunder the Low-countrey Churches l. 5. p. 121. vide Image-breakers They and their books are designed to trouble Religion in Spain l. 5. p. 137. l. 7. p. 45. They have their Calvinisticall Suppers l. 5. p. 141. p. 143. they try to get out of Antwerp to Ostervel l. 6. p. 4. finding themselves shut up in the Town they ragâ— ibid. they are enemies to the Lutherans ibid. they make a mutiny in the Town ibid. they petition for liberty of Religion to the Arch-duke and the Estates l. 9. p. 41. which they extort and seiz upon the Catholick Churches ibid. One of them that jeâ—red the Jesuits finds his own house infected with the plague l. 9. p. 41 Conbray the Bishop restores things consecrated at Antwerp l. 6. p. 18 〈◊〉 l. 1. p. 15 Cambrey the peace-making Citie l. 1. p. 12. honoured with the Prerogative of an Archbishoprick p. 18 Camillo Gonzaga Count de Novellaria l. 7. p. 60 Camillo a Montâ— comes with the Duke of Alva into the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 30. his moderation at the sack of Antwerp l. 8. p. 24. he fights and defeats the French l. 9. p. 57. in the expedition of Limburg 1. 10. p. 1. he is beaten off at Dalhem l. 10. p. 3. commands Horse in the battel of Rimenant l. 10. p. 10. pursues and is drawn by the enemy to their camp ibid. the gallantry of his Troop in sustaining the charge of the enemie l. 10. p. 12. Camillo Chiaffinatâ— l. 10. p. 13 Campin vide Frederick Lord Perenatt Cannon l. 7. p. 76. six taken by the enemie that had their names from the first six elements of musick recovered l. 7. p. 56. nayled l. 8. p. 8. attempted and taken l. 7. p. 55. Master of the train of Artillery vide Gabriel Serbellonio Cressâ—â—erio the Barlamonts Philip Staveley and Valentine Pardieu Captain Campin an Engineer l. 6. p. 21 Cantonet vide Thomas Capital besieged by the Gauls l. 9. p. 40. Caprius sent by the Deputies of the Estates with part of their forces to Antwerp l. 8. p. 22. taken by the Spaniard l. 8. p. 23. exchanged l. 9. p. 31 Carafa vide Marius Cardinal Alexandrino l. 7. p. 43. Borromeo vide St. Charles 〈◊〉 Odoardo Granvel vide Antonie Perenot Lâ—rain vide Caroldo Pacicho vide Francisco Spinosa vide Didaco Cardinalists in the Low-countreys l. 4. p. 81 l. 5. p. 103 Carloi brother to Ressorius Nohot l. 7. p. 46 Centron vide St. Truden Charlotta Bourbon wife to the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 54 Charles Altapen sonne to Count Barlamont Captain of a Troop of Horse l. 10. p. 5 Charles the fifth goes from Spain to Germany to be crowned Emperour and so into Italy l. 2. p. 27 33. l. 10. p. 21. his Military Expeditions l. 1. p. 4 8 9 15. l. 2. p. 34. l. 6. p. 30. l. 10. p. 14 21. he quiets the mutinie at Gant l. 5. p.
Centron l. 5. p. 119. What was acted in that meeting ibid. They frame a new Petition to the Governesse l. 5. p. 12â— They plunder Churches l. 5. p. 121. The Geâ—tlemen Gheuses consent to the Destruction of Churches l. 5. p. 127. Their Threats against the Governesse l. 7. p. 129. From whom they Extort some grants l. 5. p. 130. They are slain at the battel neer Austervell l. 6. p. 4. The Tornay Gheuses take up arms l. 6. p. 6. are defeated at Lanoi l. 6. p. 7. Are made true Gheuses beggar l. 6. p. 21. They leave their Couâ—try ibid. are receiv'd into grace ibid. Sentenc'd by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 42. The Wood Gheuses rob by the high way l. 7. p. 59. The Water Gheuses l. 7. p. â—1 Their General and chief Officers ibid. turn Pirats ibid. are forbid the English Ports ibid. Take Brill l 7. p. 12. Destroy all things sacred ibid. Beat off the Spaniards ibid. Plunder Amorssort l. 7. p. 75. Are beat from Amsterdam l. 10. p. 5. vide Gentlemen Covenanters Ghibercius one of the Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. Ghisella a Covenanter ibid. Giles or Aegidius Clarke a Lawyer of Tornay l. 5. p. 100 127 141. Giles Smissart a Lapidary l. 8. p. 14. Giovanni Baptista Castaneo Archbishop of Rossana the Popes Legate l. 5. p. 132. His Relation to Cardinall Alexandrino of the Commitment death of Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 43. Giovanni Baptista Marquesse a Monte Commander of horse at the Battel of Mooch l. 8. p. 43. a Girle of three years old buried dig'd up again â—nd eaten by her parents l. 7. p. 10. Gisbert together with his brother Batenburg runs away is taken and executed Glime Vice-Admiral of the Belgick sea l. 6. p. 19. defeated and slain Ibid. Glime Governour of Wallon-Barbant takes the Senators out of the house and imprisons them l. 8. p. 26. is routed by the Spaniard l. 8. p. 21. His Enmity with the Prince of Orange l. 10. p. 9. Glimè the Marquesse vide Iohn Glimè Marquesse of 〈◊〉 Gniffius Bishop of Groninghen or the Groine l. 7. p. 58. Godfrey Sterch Pretor of Antwerp l. 3. p. 66. Goes in Zeland is reliev'd l. 7. p. 77 78. The Sea warled over to Goes ibid. Gargni vide Anthony Gomez Figueroa Duke of Feria l. 2. p. 38. his disposition l. 6. p. 23. His vote in Councel for sending an army into the Low-countreys ibid. 25. He waits upon the King when his Majesty apprehended Prince Charles l. 7. p. 44. Gomez a Silva Prince of Ebolo vide Roderick Gonzaga vide Hannibal Camillo Ferdinando Octavio Gorcom revolts from the Spaniard l. 7. p. 72. is taken by assault l. 8. p. 9. Gorcom Martyrs l. 7. p. 75. Gotha a Town l. 5. p. 42. Goude revolts from the Spaniards l. 7. p. 72. Governour vide Praefect Governesse vide Margaret of Parma Grange of Narbon a Calvinist l. 5. p. 6. Ring leader of the Seditions Ibid. disswades the Valencenians from the rendring of their Town l. 6. p. 9. Granvel vide Anthony Nicolas Graveling a Port of Flanders l. 1. p. 12 l. â— p. 53. its Governour l. 7. p. 80. Gregory the Third multiplyes the Bishops in Germany l. 2. p. 30. Gregory the thirteenth offended with the Vice Roy Granvell l. 4. p. 82. His Joy for the newes of the Massacre at Paris l. 7. p. 76. He and the King of Spain resolve to assist the Queen of Scots l. 8. p. 16. He proposes to the King Don Iohn for Governour of the Low-countryes and General in the invasion of Great Britain ibid. He sends Philip Sega his Nuncio to Don Iohn in the Low-Countreys l. 9. p. 36. with supplies of money ibid. He incourages Alexander Farneze to go for the Low-countreys l. 9. p. 48. His letters to the Catholick Army wherein he pardons their sins l. 9. p. 49. His Exchange of Prisoners l. 10. p. 6. He treats with the King of Spain to make Don Iohn King of Tunis l. 10. p. 19. Gromhamberg Colonel of foot l. 5. p. 132. Gresser the Queen of Englands Agent l. 5. p. 133. Graningen or the Groine threatens to revolt from the King l. 6. p. 1. receives a Garrison of the Kings men l. 6. p. 20. Besieg'd by Lewis of Nassau l. 7. p. 54. strongly defended by Vitelli ibid. Dispos'd of by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 58. It s Bishop and Governour ibid. A Fort there design'd by the Duke of Alva ibid. The 6 Cannon of the Groin call'd by names of the 6 first Elements in Musick l. 7. p. 47 56. Guerrao de Speo the King of Spains Embassadour to the Queen of England l. 7. p. 66. Guinegas l. 1. p. 15. Guinichè vide Paula Prince of Lucca Guise vide Charles of Loram and Francis of Guise Guiralto wadeâ— over Sea to Duveland l. 8. p. 10. Guntâ—y Count Swartzenburg l. 7. p. 51. l. 8. p. 9. a Covenanter l. 5. p. 101. Commander of horse in the Prince of Oranges Army l. 7. p. 58. treats in the Emperours name to make peace between the Royallists and the Orangians l. 8. p. 9. Gusman vide Antonio Ayamant Didaco Guy Brai of Mons l. 6. p. 6. Sentences in G. A Good GENERAL can never be long liv'd l. 7. p. 83. GOD is not pleas'd with those that giue out of other mens fortunes l. 8. p. 6. H. HA a River l. 1. p. 12. Hadrian Iansen l. 7. p. 80. Heresie how it was brought into the Low-countreys l. 2. p. 36. The mother of sedition ibid. What occasions it makes use of to raise Tumults ibid. l. 2. p. 42 48. Prone to Atheisme l. 2. p. 36. Teaches Contumacie ibid. slights Allegiance ibid. Heresie in France l. 3. p. 55 61 72 l. 6. p. 35. Protected l. 3. p. 57. The Heretical custome of singing Davids Psalmes in French meeter l. 3. p. 61 62 The French Hereticks assist the Low-countrey Hereticks l. 5. p. 138. A Catalogue of Hereticks inclos'd in the Kings packet l. 4. p. 83. brought to execution with various success ibid. l. 6. p. 19 20. The attempt of an Heretical Minister l. 4. p. 83. Their Joy for the difference between the King of Spain and the Pope l. 4. p. 86. Their Jealousies upon the Conference at Baion l. 4. p. 88. The Kings Letters and the Governesse Edict against them l. 4. p. 96 97. At the promulgation of the Edict they mutiny l. 5. p. 100. They stir up the Covenanters ibid. They break from all parts into the Low-countrey Pulpits l. 6. p. 116. Three Classes or kindes of them ibid. They are permitted to preach l. 5. p. 130. They turn the Franciscans out of Doores l. 5. p. 131. Their design to send Calvinistical books into Spain l. 5. p. 137. l. 7. p. 45. Their Consistories l. 5. p. 138. They desire liberty to exercise their Sects l. 5. p. 139. They rejoyce at the defection of the Lords from the King l. 6. p.
1. Their Discouragement at the losse of Valenciens l. 6. p. 11. Their Complaints l. 6. p. 15. Their Preaching Ministers run away ibid. They are challeng'd to dispute ibid. They are Expell'd the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 17 20. They crave assistance of the Germans l. 6. p. 18. Their Temples are destroy'd l. 6. p. 20. Their sense upon Alva's departure from the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 81. They criminate Don Iohn l. 9. p. 34. They and the Catholicks swear allegiance to the Arch-Duke Matthias l. 9. p. 39. They turn the Jesuites out of Antwerp ibid. and other Catholicks l. 9. p. 41. Possess their Churches ibid. are brought into Amsterdam l. 10. p. 5. vide Calvinists Preachers and Lutherans Hague l. 8. p. 7. Hames vide Nicolas Hangest vide Francis Iohn Hannibal Gonzaga l. 10. p. 12. Hannibal Count Altemps brings forces out of Germanie into the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 9. Upon the borders circumvented by the Enemy and wounded ibid. He is left by Requesenes to secure Brabant ibid. The difference between him and the Governour of Antwerp l. 8. p. 17. He leaves men in Germany l. 10. p. 7. Hannibal of Carthage l. 2. p. 28. Hariaden Barbarossa l. 8. p. 14. Expell'd from his Kingdome by Charles the fifth l. 10. p. 21. Harlem receives a Garrison from the Hollanders l. 7. p. 78. renounces Religion and violates all things sacred ibid. Besieg'd by the Royallists Ibid. provokes the Spaniards with unheard of Contumelies ibid. Jeeres at holy things ibid. Compell'd by famine to yield to mercy l. 6. p. 79. Very many of the Town put to death Ibid. A Regiment of of Harlem women ibid. The obstinacy and barbarity of the Townesmen ibid. The siege of Harlem compar'd with that of Sancere ibid. The number of the slain and wounded Royallists l. 7. p. 80. and Confederates ibid Hassen vide Philip Landâ—grave of Hessen HHaynault a Province of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 15. It s Governour l. 1. p. 16. The Townes and villages of the Haynaulters plunder'd l. 7. p. 63. Their Delegates call'd to Bruâ—ells l. 8. p. 17. against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 20. vide Mons. A Proverb in Haynault l. 6. p. 5. Haultepen vide Claudius Haure vide Charles Croy. Heden a Town l. 1. p. 10. Heleâ—nor sister to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 3 15. Heleonor Mâ—â—orâ—ney wife to Count Hochstrat l. 6. p. 12. Haloven vide Francis Heâ—nin vide Iohn Maximilian Henry King of England l. 1. p. 9. Henry Bavier Bishop of Vtrecht l. 1. p. 15. Henry Brederod Commander of a troop of the Low-countrey horse l. 1. p. 17. l. 6. p. 11 12. Chief of the Conspirators l. 5. p. 102 104. Enters Bruxells with the Covenanters l. 5. p. 107. binds them with a new Oath ibid. Leads them to Court ibid. In their name presents a Petition to the Governesse l. 5. p. 108. Feasts them at Culemberge-house l. 5. p. 109. delivers a new Petition l. 5. p. 111. Goes to Antwerp ibid. Is met by a multitude of people l. 5. p. 112. offers himself to be their General and is accepted ibid. Meets the Prince of Orange coming to the Town l. 5. p. 118 Convenes the Gheuses at Centron l. 9. 119. Is call'd to a Conference by the Prince of Orange and Count Egmont sent by the Governesse l. 5. p. 119 120. He carries the 9. heads of the Conference to his Party ibid. He is Chosen General for raising men and money l. 5. p. 141. Endeavours to draw Count Egmont to a new Confederation l. 5. p. 142. Desires the Governesses leave to come to Bruxells ibid. Is deny'd ibid. sends a petition to the Governesse ibid. Prepares men and armes l. 6. p. 1. Fortifies Viana ibid. Enters Amsterdam l. 6. p. 2. Refuses to take the Oath of Allegiance l. 6. p. 11 12. His Troop of horse taken from him ibid. He is commanded to depart from Amsterdam l. 6. p. 19. Tryes to reconcile himself but in vain ibid. Despaires of Recovering of Holland l. 6. p. 20. Leaves the Low-Countreys ibid. Dies ibid. Henry Dionisius a Jesuite is invited from Colen to Maestricht l. 6. p. 15. Disputes with the Hereticks Ibid. Restores Maestricht to its old Religion and Obedience ibid. Henry the second of France desirous of a War with Spain l. 1. p. 11. Takes Calice Ibid. Concludes a Peace with King Philip l. 1. p. 12. His hatred to Mary Queen of Hungary l. 9. p. 57. A Tournament at the Marriage of his Daughter and Sister l. 1. p. 13. His Death ibid. Predicted and the Judgments of Prudent men upon the Accident ibid. Henry King of Portugall l. 10. p. 13. Henry Nassau Uncle to the Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 43. Henry Nassau brother to the Prince of Orange l. 8. p. 2. Henry King of Navarre afterwards King of France l. 7. p. 76. Henry â—sellie the French Embassadour l. 4. p. 85. Henry Vienâ—us Lord of Ceuravium Commander of horse in the Battel of Gemlac l. 9. p. 51. in the siege of Dalbem l. 10. p. 3 Hercules Duke of Ferara l. 1. p. 21. His daughter design'd for wife to Alexander Farneze ibid. l. 4. p. 91. Hercules his haven or Port Ercole l. 8. p. 14. Hese vide William Hierg vide Aegidius Barlâ—mont Hieronymo Roda l. 8. p. 18. His servant slain ibid. He himself endanger'd ibid. Hieronymâ— Serosqueques one of the waders over the Sea to Ziriczee l. 8. p. 10. Hieronymites l. 1. p. 6. The site of their Monastery Ibid. Hippolyto Pennonto a Physician l. 10. p. 15. Historians how they should dispute of peace and war l. 2. p. 27. Their Errors refuted l. 3. p. 59. l. 7. p. 41 47. the causes why they differ about the beginnings of the Low-countrey Tumults l. 2. p. 27. Hochstrat vide Anthony Lalin Holach vide Philip. Holland a Province of the Low-Countreys l. 1. p. 15. a new State l. 1. p. 1. l. 7. p. 72. It s Governour l. 1. p. 1â— l. 7. p. 72. The slaughters in that Province l. 5. p. 127. The first Tumults l. 6. p. 19. l. 7. p. 72. It yeilds to the Governess l. 6. p. 20. The Maritime part of it drown'd by a Sea-breach l. 7. p. 65. Hollanders anciently free from Tribute l. 7. p. 70. For which they rebel'd then against the Romans Ibid. and now against the King of Spain l. 7. p. 71. l. 8. p. 20. They expel the Spaniards l. 7. p. 72. Jeer the Duke of Alva ibid. submit to the Prince of Orange ibid. Piraâ—s from all parts joyning with them make up a Fleet l. 7. p. 73. For almost 10 years they have been Constantly victorious at Sea Ibid. Some of their Cities recovered by the Spaniard ibid. 81. l. 8. p. 8. Their hatred to that Nation l. 7. p. 72 78. Their Fleet sailes over land to Leiden l. 8. p. 7. and into Sceldt l. 8. p. 13. Hoodes parti-coloured the Cognizances of and marks of a Combination l. 4. p.
with prayers and humiliation ibid. informes the King of France of the Hugâ—nots preparations ibiâ— and the Emperour of the Low-countrey-mens Petition that was to be presented at the Diet ibid. she enlargeth the Militia of the Low-Countries ibid. 141. puts rubs in the Way of Lewis of Nossau l. 5. p. 142. writes to his Majesty what the Covenanters had done ibid. admits not the Covenanters with their new Petition ibid. Grants them nothing l. 5. p. 143. sends Commanders to Bolduc or the Bus to settle the Commotion l. 6. p. 2. Commits the Expedition to Count Mâ—gan ibid. prevents the Designes of Thâ—lose ibid. sends Beavor to fight him who defeats Tholose l. 6. p. â— Commands the Valencenians to receive a Garrison l. 6. p. 5. upon their refusal Declares them Rebels l. 6. p. 6. anticipates the plot of those of Torney and Armiater l. 6. p. 7. subdues them both ibid. besiegeth Vâ—lâ—nciens by Norcarmius l. 6. p. 8. takes it l. 6. p. 10. forceth the Governours of Provinces and the Lords to take an Oath of fidelity to the King l. 6. p. 11. punisâ—eth Brederod that refused it ibid. p. 12. and Hoâ—â—strat ibid. sends Bertius to the Prince of Orange ibid. refers the Maestrichters to Norcarnius l. 6. p. 15. why she would not condescend to the Bishop of Liege that interceded for them l. 6. p. 16. the Bus fears her Forces ibid. she denyes pardon to the Antwerpers unlesse they render the Town l. 7. p. 17. enters Antwerpâ— a kind of Tryumph ibid. p. 18. restores things Sacred ibid. orders the Civil State Ibid. is hardly won to adoâ—â— the Embassadours of the Heretical Princes of Germany ibid. what Answer she gave them ibid. p. 19. she Commits to Prison the chief of the Covenanters taken by her Souldiers ibid. puts Garrisons into the Townes rendred l. 6. p. 20. fines them ibid. Designs Forts to be built ibid. re-adotnes the Catholick Churches ibid. destroyes the Heretical Temples ibid. restores all the Low-Countries to their ancient tranquillity ibid. she holds it necessary for the King to come in Person into the Netherlands l. 6. p. 21. endeavours to perswade him from his preparation of Armes against the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 27. takes Begen op Zoom in the Kings name as soon as she hears of the Marquesse of Bergens death l. 6. p. 28. is troubled at the Newes of the Duke of Alva's coming ibid. pleased again with the Kings Letters l. 6. p. 29. makes ready a Fleet to meet the Kings in his Voyage for the Low-Countries ibid. makes publick supplications for his prosperous Expedition ibid. she is offended with the Duke of Alva's too large Commission l. 6. p. 31. humbly intreats the King to discharge her of the Government ibid. what she thought of Egmont and Hornes Captivity l. 6. p. 34. she prayes the King to Licence her Departure from the Low-Countries ibid. â—n the interim she is very vigilant in the Civil administration ibid. by her Edict stayes the Low-Countrey men that were leaving of their Native Soyl Ibid. Conceives another Edict in favour of the French Embassadour ibid. receives power from the King to leave the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 35. rites to the Estates of the Low-Countries ibid. w 36. and to the King concerning herself and the present Condition of the Netherlands and in commendation of the Low-countrey-men ibid. surrenders the Government to the Duke of Alva l. 6. p. 35. the Ceremonies used at her departure by the Neighbour Princes and Cities l. 6. p. 37. and by the Low-countrey men themselves ibid. she leaves the Netherlands ibid. 〈◊〉 Annual Pension given her by the King the great love shewed towards her after she was gone ibid. the Low-countrey-men desire her again ibid. l. 7. p. 69. the King Resolves to send her with her Son Alexander into the Low-countries l. 9. p. 47. Margaret of Austria daughter to the Emperour Maximilian the first and to Mary Dutchesse of Burgundy betrothed to Charles the Dolphin of France l. 1. p. 15 21. And so Charles the fifth mediates and makes a Peace betwixt him and Francis l. 1. p. 12. Governesse of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 21. she breeds up the Governesse Margaret of Parma ibid. Margaret Farneze Princesse of Montua l. 9. p. 44. Margaret Sister to Henry the second of France marryeth Emmanuel Duke of Savoy l. 1. p. 13. goes into Italy l. 1. p. 26. Margaret of Vallois sister to Francis the first of France wiâ—e to Alibret King of Navarre l. 3. p. 55 57. how she came to hate the Pope l. 3. p. 55. the Ostentation of her wit ibid. what she did to advance Heresie in France ibid. p. 63. she undertakes the Patronage of the Hereticks l. 3. p. 55. dyes a Catholick ibid. Margaret of Valois sister to Charles the ninth goes to the Spaw l. 9. p. 34. her marriage with Henry King of Navarre l. 7. p. 76. Margaret Vangest mother to Margaret of Austria l. 1. p. 20. her Birth Education and Beauty ibid. the Emperour falls in love with her ibid. Mary Queen of England marryed to Philip the second Prince of Spain l. 1. p 3. l. 3. p. 71. A five years Truce by her endeavors concluded between Charles the fifth and Henry the French King l. 1. p. 3. she purgeth her Kingdome of Heresie l. 2. p. 36. her Death l. 1. p. 12 13. Mary of Austria sister to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 3. l. 5. p. 106. wife to Lodwick King of Hungary l. 1. p. 14. l. 1. p. 21. Governesse of the Low-Countries ib. l. 3. p. 52. l. 6 p. 3. for her love to hunting called the Foresttresse l. 1. p. 21. she educates Margaret of Parma ibid. resigns the Government of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 5 11. the Emperour used her to move that his son Philip might be King of the Romans l. 1. p. 5. she goes with her brother to Charles the fifth into Spain ibid. her beloved Villa l. 9. p. 57. her death l. 1. p. 14. Mary of Burgundy wife to the Emperour Maximilian l. 1. p. 16. killed with a fall as she was hunting l. 1. p. 21. Mary Daughter to Charles the fifth Governs Spain l. 7. p. 43. her grief conceived upon the Commitment of Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 46. Mary Cocquamb mother to Margaret Vangest l. 1. p. 20. Mary Princesse of Portugall daughter to Iohn the third of Portugal and wiâ—e to Philip the second of Spain l. 4. p. 92. Mary Princesse of Portugall daughter to Prince Edward Grandchild to King Emmanuâ—l l. 4. p. 91 92. designed for wife to Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma ibid. her Nobility ibid. her Wit and Litterature Ibid. Sanctity of Life ibid. precisenesse of Chastity ibid. she weighes Anchor from Portugal ibid. 93. is persecuted with a tempest Ibid. why she would not send one to salute the Queen of England ibid. she Courts an Heretical Lady Ibid. arrives in the Low-countreys l.
his Wit and Civil Arts l. 9. p. 42. Bounty ibid. Moderation in his Joy l. 9. p. 43. Piety ibid. Services in Germany and Italy ibid. Preparations for the War l. 9. p. 42. the Order of the Fleece bestowed upon him by Charles the fifth ibid. Advanced to the Principality of Parma and Piacenza ibid. l. 1. p. 23. he defends Parma for a whole year besieged l. 9. p. 42. Piacenza restored to him ibid. he goes with the Emperor into Africa l. 1. p. 23. falls desperately sick Ibid. returns to Rome ibid. Joyns with the Spaniard against the French l. 9. p. 42. Serves as a Voluntier in the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 24. in respect to him his Wife is Created Governesse of the Low-countries by the King ibid. be waits upon his Majesty to meet his Wife designed Governesse Ibid. perswades her to dismisse the Spanish Souldiers l. 3. p. 50. she brings him two sons at a birth l. 9. p. 43. he delivers his son to Philip the second then in the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 44. his Opinion touching the Marriage of his son Alexander l. 4. p. 91. his Judgment of the Amity of Neighbour Princes ibid. he Consents to march his son with Princess Mary of Portugal ibid. p. 92. from Italy he comes into the Low-Countries to his sons Nuptialls l. 4. p. 94. meets his Wife Margaret of Austria inher return from the Netherlands l. 6. p. 37. likes not his sons Resolution to accept the Government of the Low-Countries l. 10. p. 15. Octavio Gonzaga brother to the Prince of Mâ—lpheâ— comes into the Low-countries with Don Iohn l. 9. p. 26. disswades Don Iohn from sending the Spâ—niards out of the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 27. General of the Horse at the Battel of Gemblac l. 9. p. 50. confirmed by the King l. 10. p. 7. receives Lovain l. 9. p. 53. attempts Mechlin and Villvord ibid. money sent him by the King l. 10. p. 7. delivers his Opinion at a Councel of War for fighting the States Army though they were intrenched l. 10. p. 8. fights at Râ—menant l. 10. p. 12. his Place in the â—uneral of Don Iohn of Austria l. 10. p. 22. Odoardo Cardinal Farneze obtained of God by the Prayers of Princesse Mary of Portugall l. 4. p. 95. l. 9. p. 44. Offences how they began to rise in the Low-Countries l. 2. p. 46 47. Olennius the Romane Exactor of the Belgick Tribute l. 7. p. 70. Olhain one of the first Covenanters l. 5 p. 10â— Olivera vide Antonio Omen in a sinister sense l. 1. p. 22. vide Prodigy Orange vide William Oration or Counsel or Speech of Alexander Farneze to Don Iohn at a Counsel of War l. 10. p. 7. at another time l. 10. p. 14. of Albret to the King of Navarre her Husband against the Catholicks l. 3. p. 57. of Duke Areschot in Senate against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. of the same against the Valencenians l. 6. p. 9. of Baâ—berino to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 62. of Count Barlamont against the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. of the Marquis of Bergen to the Prince of Ebolo l. 6. p. 27. of Brederod in the Name of the Covenanters to the Governesse l. 5. p. 108. of the same to the Antwerpers l. 5. p. 112. of the Emperour at his Resignment to the Estates of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 4. of the same to his son Philip when he transferred his Kingdomes to him ibid. of the same performing his own Funeral Rites l. 1. p. 17. of the Prince of Conde and Gasper Coligny to Charles the ninth of France perswading him to fight the Spaniards l. 6. p. 26. of Count Egmont to the Valencenians to bring them in obedience l. 6. p. 9. of the Duke of Alva to his son Duke Federico when he Commanded him to fight the Enemy l. 7. p. 61. of the same to the King of Spain perswading him to a War with the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 23 24. of the same in answer to Barberino l. 7. p. 62. of his Councel disswading the Exaction of the tenth part l. 7. p. 69. of the Duke of Feria to the King arguing against a War l. 6. p. 24. of Gallus by way of unfriendly advice to Ischius l. 9. p. 26 27. of Granvel against the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 68. of the same to his friends l. 4. p. 79. of the Governesse in Senate that the Covenanters should not be admitted l. 5. p. 104. of the same in answer to the Covenanters l. 5. p. 108. of the same to the Senate touching the Violation of sacred things l. 5. p. 128. of the Hereticks against Don Iohn l. 9. p. 34. of the Spaniards leaving the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 30. of the enemy reviling and wounding the Spaniards l. 8. p. 12. of a Jesuite to the Mutineers l. 8. p. 6. of Escovedo moveing Don Iohn to send away the Spaniards l. 9. p. 28. of the same to compose a mutiny among them l. 9. p. 31. of the Embassadours from the Heretical Princes of Germany to the Governesse in Senate l. 6. p. 18. of the Lords against the King l. 2. p. 38. of Octavio Gonzaga disswading Don Iohn to part with the Spaniards l. 9. p. 27. of the Prince of Orange against the King l. 5. p. 104. of the same at his departure from the Low-Countries to Count Egmont l. 6. p. 14. of the Estates desiring they might not pay the tenth part l. 7. p. 65. of Osorius Ulloa animating his men l. 8. p. 11. of Captain Pacecho dying to his fellow Souldiers l. 8. p. 12. of Petrieus the Centurion to his Companions in Armes ibid. of Philibert Bruxellius for the Emperor at his abdication to the Estates of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 4. of Ruigomtz a Silva Prince of Ebolo to put off the King from a War with the Low Countries l. 6. p. 23. of Scaremberg in Answer to the Embassadors from the German Hereticks l. 6. p. 18. of the Seditious Valencenians l. 3. p. 64. of the Mutinous Spaniards against Avila l. 8. p. 4. of the same to a Jesuite exhorting them l. 8. p. 5. of the Senators at Bruxells for the Imperial Edicts l. 5. p. 105. of others against them ibid. 106. their joynt answer to the Covenanters ibid. touching the dismission of the Spaniards l. 3. p. 51. of the People against the Inquisition and the Emperours Edicts l. 2. p. 35. Ordination of the Low-Countrey Provinces l. 1. p. 16. of the Horse-Militia l. 1. p. 17. of the Foot Militia l. 3. p. 52. of the Bishopricks l. 1. p. 17. Order of the Golden Fleece when and by whom Instituted l. 1. p. 17. l. 4. p. 94. vide Knights Order of St. Stephen Instituted by Cosmo Duke of Florence l. 8. p. 14. Original of the Belgick Conspiracy l. 5. p. 99. vide Gentlemen Covenanters Ormanceto vide Nicolao Osnaburg the Bishop l. 7. p. 51. Osorio vide Iuan. Osteat in the Heavens portending the
Belgick Provinces against the Romans l. 7. p. 70. of the Moores against the King of Spain l. 6. p. 22. of the Hugonots against the King of France l. 6. p. 26. by the Prince of Orange in the Low-countries attempted and matured l. 7. p. 70. the Rebel Cities receive from him Governours Lawes and Imposititions l. 7. p. 72. from whence the Low-Countrey men and the Prince of Orange had their occasion of Rebeling l. 2. p. 48. l. 7. p. 70. first from the Cause of Religion l. 5. p. 133 134. l. 6. p. 1. 7. 11. then from Taxes layed upon them l. 7. p. 71 73. afterwards from the Mutinous Spaniards vide Gentlemen Covenanters l. 8. p. 20. Recovery of Cities Revolted from the King l. 7. p. 77. of Mons ibid. its description ibid. of the Province of Limburg l. 10. p. 2. its delineation l. 10. p. 1. Reformed vide Religion Reformed Regiment of Naples l. 6. p. 30. of Sardinia cashiered and punished l. 7. p. 58. a magnanimous one of the Royallists l. 8. p. 11. a Squadron of Walloones l. 9. p 50. vide Army Register of the Empire l. 1. p. 2. Regâ—ard vide Simon Religion holds forth Worship to God and Peace to men l. 2. p. 33. Preserver of peace and tranquility ibid. holds the People in due obedience l. 2. p. 46. the manner of advancing it in the Low-countries l. 1. p. 18. Penal Edicts against irreligion l. 2. p. 49. l. 4. p. 96. the Cognizance of the Cause of Religion to whom it appertains l. 2. p. 33. l. 4. p. 84 85. l. 5. p. 105. against the Violaters thereof what provision was made l. 2. p. 33. 'T is injured by Luther ibid. the League for Religion approved of by the Hereticks l. 5. p. 138. Religion commended by the Emperour to the Estates of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 4. by the King to the Covernesse and Estates l. 1. p. 27. l. 4. p. 83 90 96. a Conspiracy against l. 5. p. 141. wrong offered to it l. 1. p. 9. l. 5. p. 113 116 121. Scandalous Libels against it l. 4. p. 77. l. 5. p. 112. hatred to it l. 3. p. 56. l. 8. p. 8. the Cause of the Low-countrey War l. 1. p. 3. l. 9. p. 1. 9 30. its Restitution by the Governesse l. 4. p. 83. l. 5. p. 130. l. 6. p. 18 20. by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 64. a new oath formed against it l. 5. p. 107. l. 9. p. 39. liberty of Religion sought for in the Low-countries l. 5. p. 99 102 119 129. extorted l. 9. p. 41. Consultations concerning it l 1 p. 18. l. 6. p. 15. Religion Reformed secured in the Low-Countries l. 5. p. 127. Councels held in France and the Low-countries to destroy it l. 2. p. 46. the Prince of Orange makes use thereof to keep Townes against the Spaniards l. 10. p. 5. vide Gheuses the Disturbers of the Catholick Religion l. 5. p. 134. Revolters from it l. 9. p. 37. Men of doubtful Religion l. 3. p. 75. the Religious turned out of the Low-Countrey Cities l. 5. p. 132. l 9 p. 40 41. their Monasteries l. 2. p. 30. plundered l. 3. p. 64. l. 5. p. 122 127 137. Reliques of Saints preserved from fire and ruine l. 10. p. 5. more valued then Jewels l. 4. p. 94. Remedies seasonably applyed l. 8. p. 19. sometimes bettered by Contempt l. 4. p. 79. and rash in precip tated misfortunes l. 10. p. 21. the best when one Man Governes l. 8. 16 17. the Remedy of imminet Mischief l. 5. p. 112 113. Rene daughter to Lewis King of France married to Hercules Duke of Ferrara l. 1. p. 21. her daughter designed for Wife to Alexander Farneze l. 4. p. 91. Renatus son to Henry of Nassau Clande Chalon l. 2. p. 43. Rendition of Low-countrey Cities and Provinces to the Spaniards l. 6. p. 11. l. 9. p. 52. of many places to the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 73. of Oudenaerd l. 7. p. 75. of Brill l. 7. p. 70 72. of Mons l. 7. p. 73. of Dendermund l. 7. p. 75. of Centron ibid. of many Towns to the Royallists l. 7. p. 77 78 l. 8. p. 8. of Bommen l. 8. p. 13. of Bovines l. 9. p. 53. of Cimace l. 9. p. 57. of the Abbey d' Espine l. 7. p. 74. of Dallhem l. 10. p. 3. of Harlem li7 p. 78. of Limburg l. 10. p. 1. of Nardâ—us l. 7. p. 78. of Sichem l. 9. p. 54. of Maestricht l. 8. p. 21. of Valenciens l. 6. p. 10. of St. Valerey l. 7. p. 46. of Zeriezee l. 8. p. 13. of Zuitbeverland l. 7. p. 78. of â—utphen l. 7. p. 77. of Aloost l. 8. p. 18. Rentey a Castle of Artois l. 8. p. 4. Reputation l. 5. p. 110. Republick of the Hollanders how great and from how small beginning l. 1. p. 1. l. 7. p. 73. Of the Hereticks Instituted by the Covenanters l. 5. p. 138 142. advanced by Piracy l. 7. p. 73. their Fleet most commonly victorious ibid. Requesenes vide Berlingâ—erio Lodovico his son Galceâ—anâ— and Lodovico Commendador of the Knights of St Iago Restorer of lost liberty an attribute given to the General of the Covenanters l. 5. p. 109. Revolt of Cities and Provinces from the Spaniard l. 7. p. 72 73 l. 9. p. 37. Sollicitors of the Low-Countrey mens Revolt l. 7. p 71 73. Reux rendred to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 57. Ryne a River of Holland l. 8. p. 7. Roan taken by the French l. 3. p. 61. Rich mens unhappy fortune l. 8. p. 24. Rimenant a Village l. 10. p 9. the Battle ibid. Risorius Nohoc layes a plot against the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 46. from Iuliers passes the Moes ibid. Robert Brederod enemy to Cardinal Granvell l. 2. p. 41. stands for the Archbishoprick of Cambray ibid. Robert Melodune Viscount Gant l. 9. p. 5. Robert Stuart Commander of the Scots at the Battle of Rimenant l. 10. p. 10. Roderick Gomez a Silva Prince of Ebolo one of the Lords of the Privy Councel to the King of Spain l. 2. p. 38. of great power with his Majesty l. 3. p. 8. l. 6. p. 22. his Contest with the Duke of Alva at the Councel Table and in Courr Ibid. his opinion touching the Kings Expedition into the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 23. He advertiseth the Governesse of the Marquis of Bergen's death l. 6. p. 27. and that she must bring his Cause to a Tryal ibid. writes to her in the Kings name of the Army that was to march into the Low-countries Ibid. and acquaints her with the Cause of the Duke of Alva's coming l. 6. p. 29. attends the King at the Commitment of Prince Charles l. 7. p. 44. jeeres his Rival the Duke of Alva for erecting to himself a Statue l. 7. p. 65. Roderick de Toledo a Colonel carried out of the field wounded into the Camp l. 7. p. 80. Rodolph the second Emperour by his Embassadour obligeth himself to
his resolution But those Censurers were mistaken The Monastery of S. Justus Sex Aur. Vict. in Caius Czs. The Emperours new habitation Febr. 1557. His family and how accommodated His contempt of the world How be disposed his time His riding to take the air His gardening His making of clocks or watches Jannell Turrianus whose Mathematicall inventions be much delighted in His extraordinary care of his soul. Joseph Seguenza in the History of his Order l. 1. By the Bull of Julius 111. 1554. Marc. 19 He disciplined himself His whip reverenced by his son Aug. 30. 1558. Immediately he falls sick Barthol Miranda Soon after he died Sept. 21. 1558. His funerals ushered with Prodigies in heaven Observed by Ian. Turrionus present at the Emperours death And in earth How long he reigned Diverse reasons commonly given for his resignement The new Kings first care The Duke of Savoy made governour of the Low-countreys The Truce between France and Spain broken Febr. On what occasion Thuan. l. 22. Decemb. The French invade the Low-Countreys Ferdinand of Tolledo Duke of Alva Iune 1557. Aug. 1550. The Spaniard first was conquerour at S. Quintins Presently after the French recovered Caliâ—e Ian. 1558. The Spaniard hath another victorie at Graveling Fortune seconds valour Iuly 1558. The womens crueltie to the French A Treatie of peace between the Kings Concluded by mediation of the Dutchess of Lorain At Cambray the Peace-making city April 1556. To the generall contentment Charles the V. Francis the I. Aug. 1529. Alice the Kings mother and Margaret the Emperours aunt The Peace confirmed by marriage Of the King of Spain to the French Kings daughter The King of France his sister married at the same time to the Duke of Savoy A Tournament at the wedding Where the King is victor Gabriel Count de Mongomary but soon after wounded Dies July 2. 1549. His death foretold Luc. Gaur Thus. l. 22. Lod. Guicciard l. 3. The history of the Netherlands 1559. Anonym in that Hist. Thua l. 3. 22. Vidus Cavocius Francis Vivonus The judgement of prudent men upon the Kings fate A strange conjuncture this year of Princes funerals King of Rome Of Belgium or the Low-countreys It s Name 〈◊〉 Greatness Wealth Guicciardine in his description of the Low-countreys Cities Towns Villages Forts Militia Navigation Trade of clothing Inclination Adv. Jien in his Tract of Holland attributes it to the air they live in The Character of a Low-countrey man Belgium divided into 17 Provinces Which come to one Prince three wayes Philip the Good had them by affinity Meyer l. 17. Charles the Souldier by Purchase and the Sword Pont. Heut l. 1. But he lost some of them Paulus Aemil. l. 10. and Pont. Heut l. 2. Part Maximilian recovered by arms The same Authour in the same book and lib. 5. Part by Treaty Guic. lib. 1. 4. 8. Belcar l. 8. Charles the fifth possessed himself of all together Pont. Heut lib. 11. and 9. The same l. 11. and Meter Guic. lib. 16. and Pont. Heut lib. 11. And though to have made a Kingdom of them Guic. Meyer Why he did not The distribution of the Provinces 1546. 1556. The government whereof King Philip gave to the Lords Lucemburgh to Count Mansfield 1559. Namure to Count Barlamont Lymburgh to the Count of East-Frizeland Haynolt to John Lanoi Lord of Molembase But he shortly after dying it was bestowed on the Marquess of Berghen Flanders and Artois to Count Egmont French-Flanders to John Momorancy Tournay to his Brother Florence Holland and Zeland to the Prince of Orange 1559. Frizeland and Overysell to Count Arembergh Gelderland and Zutfen be as then assigned to no one But afterwards he sent from Spain a Patent to Count Megen to be Governour of both Marc. 25. 1560. And another to the Prince of Orange after the death of Vergius Jan. 16. 1559. to govern Burgundy Brabant reserved for the Supream Governour of the Low-countreys The ordering of the Militia Especially of the Horse Whose troops were famous througout Europe Their Commanders The Admirall Generall of the Ordinance The disposition of Bishopricks whereof there were onely four in all the 17 Provinces Many therefore had wished their number might be encreased Which Charles the fifth went about to do The reason why he desisted His son Philip attempts it Treats about it with the Pope Concludes with him Fourteen Bishopricks were to be added to the four former Whereof three Archbishopricks The men chosen for those Dioceses Of the Governour of the Low-countreys Various conjectures as is usuall with the people who should be the man The major part conceive Count Egmont will be elected a man of much same and merit Many think the Prince of Orange will carry it a man of greater power and wealth Not undeserving But he doubts a repulse Christierna of Lorain is also designed for the place With generall approbation But Margaret of Parma is preferred before them all What hindred Count Egmont What the Prince of Orange What Christiern of Lorain Cic. l. 2. de Oratore Of Margaret of Parma Her Mother Her mothers Parents Education Perfections The Emperour falls in love with her Delivered of Margaret Anno 1522. whom Cesar conceals for her mothers credit and his own But at last it was discovered The Infant is sent to be educated by the Emperours Aunt And afterwards by his sister 1530. Her disposition Her delight in hunting 1496. Cesar promises her in marriage to the Duke of Florence Breaking the match intended with the Prince of Ferrara 1516. 1529. Francisc. Maria Feltrio The Florentines labour to break the match But in vain The Nuptials celebrated at Naples Soon after at Florence With a strange Omen 1536. Her husband slain the same year 1537. His successour sues to Cesar for Margaret But he casts his eye on the house of Farneze And marries his daughter to Octavio Farneze Francisco Maria Feltrio With whom at first she corresponded not 1541. But afterwards He was indeared to her By means of his Absence and Hazzards 1545. Her love to him increased See the ninth Book Not without some instrvening jarres Her masculine spirit And manly exercises She was of a ready wit Wonderfull discreet And religious Especially at the Eucharist Her yearly Charity to the poor Which juncture of excellencies principally moved the King to make her Governess of the Low-countreys A second Cause thereof A third A fourth more secret perhaps more true The King after her instructions gives her a pension And in a Chapter of the Knights of the Golden Fleece 1516. 1433. 1429. He declares her Governess And commands to them Religion and Obedience Hears the Estates Requests And grants them Then his Majestie goes into Spain The Dukâ—â— of Savoy into Italy The Dutchess of Parma to Bruxells The Kings unseasonable departure out of the Low-Countreys before a perfect settlement was made The like inconvenience in Spain when Charles the fifth went from thence to Germany 1520. The Causes why writers differâ—
The Inquisitours And the Councell of Trent Out of which Heads the Governesse conceives an Edict Novemb. 9. And sends it to the Governours of Provinces Decem. 18. A copie of the Edict 1565. What the Governours of Provinces conceived of the Edict proposed Ianuary 9. Brabant first refuses to obey the Edict Bolduc Some condescension made but it gives no satisfaction Intelligence of many persons of quality in Brabant that were to enter into a League against the Edict March 29. 1550. The Originall of the Low-countrey mens conspiracy some Noblemens sons bred up Hereticks abroad Which coming home wish for liberty of Conscience The Merchants are of the same mind They consult together When they first set afoot their Designe Falling just upon the point of time whilst the Prince of Orange endeavoured to expell the Spanish 1581. 3566. For a long while they are quiet Vpon accasion of the Councell of Trent they shew themselves 1564. And have râ—course to the Princes of Germany About the beginning of 1565. After Promulgation of the Edict they grow tumultuous Printing Libels April 3. And Books against the Inquisition to stir up the people They are troubled with fears and jealousies Brunswick K. Philip. They threatningly inveigh against the Kings Edict Which matures Rebellion The Governess to the King March 25 An Ingagement signed The summe of the Ingagement Which they called the Covenant It s Title or Inscription Many take it These first March 24. They bragge of more Some do it secretly or are but supposed to ingage Of which number was the Prince of Orange Count Horn. Count Hochstrat The Queen of England Onely 400. Gentlemen declare Which had four Protectours All these Conspiratours had not one aim March 15. The Governesses diligence to frustrate their designs She hath intelligence of their resolution to come to Bruxels which frights her very much She summons a great Councel April 3. The Governesse asks the Senatours advice Whether the Covenanters were to be admitted Duke Areschot and Count Barlamont answer negatively The Prince of Orange is far their admission Count Egmont concurs with him Count Mansfeldt is against their coming March 26. So are the Counts Aremberg and Megen How the rest voted Many of them complain of the King The Prince of Orange particularly In these words For the money was lost as we have told you Her Excellence endeavours to give him satisfaction At first in vain But at length he and all seem better contented and the Councell proceeding resolves to admit the Covenanters At the Senates next meeting The Governess speaks to them in this manner April 3. 1566. Of the Edicts Of the Inquisition Which she proves to be neither new nor more severe then former Edicts Then leaves them to the freedome of their Votes Some approve the Edict and would not have the Laws altered The major part dislike it and would have a temporary alteration Rayling at pleasure against the Inquisition as hatefull to all sorts Injurious to the Bishops And opposed by the Covenanters And they prevail The Resolution of the Councell upon both the points To put down the Inquisition So the Covenanters are to be answered Pius V. And to qualifie the Emperours Edicts Why the Governess rather receives then approves this Decree April 3. The Covenanters enter Bruxels Led by Henry Brederod Publickly vaunting They alight at the Prince of Orange's Where with oLords they fall upon turbulent Proposals Afterward Brederod assembles the Covenanters at Cuilemburg-house An additionall Oath taken The form of the Oath From thence they march to the Court. Brederod in the name of them all speaks thm to the Governess And presents her a Petition consisting of three Heads Subjoyning these Complaints out of his Papers To part she answers Part she takes no notice of Put to the question whether the Covenanters should be required to set their names to the Petition presented to the Governess 1556. Resolved that they should not be required to subscribe their names The Governess returns the petion with her Answer annexd Florence Pallantius C. Cuilenburg William C. Bergen Brederod treats the Conspiratours In their cups they would have a title of honour given to their Association and the like to their Generall What Gheuses signifies The Covenanters much taken with the name of Gheuses Ensignes fit for the faction 1566. Their mutuall devotement They take another touch And being foxâ—d Own the style of Gheuses proper for Low-countrey Hereticks 1568. The Gheuses walk the streets Accoutred like beggars But with gallant Medals Arnol. Haven de novis Epise Franc. Haraeus in An. Belg. Fideles au Roy Jusque a la beface An. Societ Jesu in Belg. and shaved like Turks The citie upon this occasion diversly affected Some good springs from this evil â— Lipsius in D. Virg. Haev de init lib. 2. Mich. ab Iffel in Hâ—st sui temp Duke Areschot having done his devotions to our Lady of Hall stamps hers and her sons figure in a Coâ—ne and weares it in his Hat Many imitate him The Governess commends him for it to the Pope J. Ant. Gabut in the life of Pope Pius lib 6. cap. 2. Who gives indulgences to all that weare those Medalls Thus came Medalls into the Church To the great honour of the house of Croi The Gheuses present a new Petition April 8. Angered at the Governesses delay She treates them with fair language And minding them of their duty dismisseth them Brederod goes to Antwerp April 10. May 14. Where the people come to him in multitudes He offers himself to be their Generall And is accepted The subtilty of the Gheuses slandering the Knights of the Golden Fleece with the patronage of their faction In a printed Declaration The Governesse is at first affraid of this kind of Artifice April 13. Which before it can come to be consuted leaves the impression of a wound To which end such things published And serve the turn like temporary scaffolds till the building be up Atlast the Lords denying that any of their Order was ingaged She gives notice of the deceit to the Provinces April 25. Whereupon she dispatches an Embassage for Spain nominating the Marq. of Bergen But not timely enough to all Places And the Lord Montiny 1. montiny sets forâ—ard A Messenger with private instructions goes before him The King gives no dispatch to the Embassadour The Pope moving him to revenge the Asfront offered to Religion Who likewise sends his Legate to the Goververnesse That should extoll her and promise assistance from his Holinesse Delivering his letters to Count Cuilemburg and the Prince of Orange She advises him not to give the letter to the Count But to let the Prince have his whom she undertakes to prepare Decem. 15. 1563. In the mean time excuses her self for not receiving the money offered by the Pope Her Excellence gives the Legate a true description of the Low-countrey Bishops Who is amazed at her Piety and Prudence The impudence of the Gheuses incouraged by
Camillo a Monte. Christopher Mondraegonio Sancho Avila Curtio Martinengo Nicholao Basta Francisco Verdugo The Army divided into Tertiaes A new Invention Their March Strict discipline Exemplary Pâ—nishâ—ent The Duke of Alva enters the Low countreys He is saluted from the Governesse To whom he had sent He quarters his men in the Low-countries 22. August His visit to the Governesse in great state and with much Reverence He shewes her part of his instructions Omitting his larger Commission till a fitter time She appeares satisfied But complaines to the King 8. Septemb. Of the Attainâ—dor of Count Egmont Alva uses him to draw in Count Horne He summons the Lords to advise about the publick The rest he surprises by other meanes Especially Casembrot And Strall The Lords advise with the Dukes very unadvisedly Count Egmont arrested and disarmed So is Count Horne The City in a Maze Cardinall Granvells saying The D. of Alva sends his excuse to the Governesse Not satisfactory 20. August 11. Sept. She sues again to bee discharged of the Governement In the interim shee is very active in it By her Edict she stops such as were leaving the Lowcountries She publishes another in favour of the French Embassadour Who likewise moves for forces out of the Netherlands to suppresse the new Troubles of France Occasioned by the Duke of Alva's March Great Mischief done by the Rebells The Governesse doubts whether she may grant the Embassador's Request But the Duke of Alva makes no difficulty of it Who furnishes him with men makes Count Aremberg their Generall And offers himselfe to lead them But the French decline that Offer from a Spaniard Of the Governesse's departure from the Low-countreys October 10. The King gives her leave to go She delivers to Alva his Commission And signifies her departure to the Princes her neighbours Decemb. 7. Writes about it to the Estates And answers the King thus Decemb. 20 Complements sent to the Dutchesse of Parma By the Provinces And neighbour-Princes Especially by the Queene of England Febr. 10. She departs the Netherlands having a Pension assigned her by the King And leaving a great desire of her Returne in the Low-countrey-men's hearts Which they expressed in their discourse 1574. Out of the Letters of Juan Gang. Fransican and others 1568. A proposall of the following 〈◊〉 The couse is â—â—mmoâ—â— heâ—ged upon the Duke of Alva out of 〈◊〉 to him For his words to the Emperour For bringing againe the Spanyerds For conâ—enning and banishing the Lords Out of all which some deduced the Cause of the Warre l. 3. Hist. But improperly A more probable deduction How the Authour meanes to write the Governments of Alva and Requesenes Presages of the future A monster born at Liege A Fire at Mechlin The Fort at Antwerp It 's Figure of five sides The Architect The Site by some disliked Hier. Conestag li. 2. Defended by others Adrian Sropernus contra Conestag But with arguments ill suited The reason why it was built in that place The Councell for examination of the Tumults The Duke of Alva summons the Belgick Lords to answer their Impeachments They protest against his proceeding The Prince of Orange sues for the Patronage of the German Princes Who treate with Alva But in vaine The Duke of Alva gives sentence against the Lords Sends the Prince of Orange's Son into Spaine where Amb. Morales was his Turour a great Philosopher and Divine The Prince of Orange appeares inraged In his Apology 1581. But is not so The Councell of twelve condemnes diverse others Alva razes Culemberg house New terrour from Spaine By reason of Prince Charles his misfortune And the Lord Montiny â— death Of Charles Prince of Spaine His disposition What conjectures were made from it Quint. 5. â—9 I. B. Castanco afterwards Vrban VII Feb. 4. Aloys Cab in Philip the 2. l. 2. 6. and 8. and Adrian l. 19. and 20. Hist. Charles the 5. liked not his Grandchild Aloys Cab. in Philip. the Second 2. l. 6. P. Charles sent To Alcala to study Lyes at the point of Death Recovers miraculously How unlike to his Father Their mutuall aversion out of the Letters of Castan the Popes Nuntio to Car. Alex. 30. Aprill Vpon these two points Out of the same Letters to the same person 4. Feb. His hatred to his Fathers Servants His Patronage of the Low-countreymen More violent then it ought to have been His purpose to go for the Low countreys His Endeavours to hinder the Duke of Alva's Belgick Expedition Out of the said Letters to the same man April 30. He reveales his Designe to Don Iohn Marquesse Pescaria Duke Mid. Riosiou Who first disswades him Afterwards acquaints the King with it The King seeks helpe from God And Counsell from prudent men what to do in the Case of his Son 1456. Paul Aemil. in Gar. 7 and Haraeus in â—hilip the Good Who being to take â—ost by breake of day Was seized at midnight Rui Comez Prince of 〈◊〉 Comez Figueroa Duke of Feria Anthonio de Toledo Priour of Leon and Aloysio Quisciada A guard set upon him in his Lodgings his Infelicity His religious Dâ—ath Out of the Letters of Castan the Popes Numcio to Card. Alex. 27. July Didacus de Chiaves Causes that might sound probable for the imprisonment and death of Prince Charles The Rebellion of the Mooâ—es in Spaine The Belgick Faction countenanced by him Ant. Gabie in 〈…〉 l. 3. c 3 1566. Too much familiarity with the Queen his Step mother A Plot to murther his Father Lib. 1. Metamorâ—h MDLXVIII But all these Causes were uncertaine Or rather false Ianuary 21 What the King wrote concerning his Son's Imprisonment Didaco Cardinall Spinosa Ianuary 24 What he caused to be divulged privately And publiquely The said Nuncio to the said Cardinall Ianuary 27 Charles the fifth Prince Charles The Low-countreys in great feare An Ambuscado layed for the Duke of Alva The Duke of Alva proceeds against the impeached Lords and Gentlemen His friends disswade him First he puts to death 19. Then others Risorius Carloi Dui Villers Yet more John Groneit Spel Prevost de Campagna on Drossart rural Fammianus Strada Many intercede for the Counts Egmont and Horne Mary wife to Count Mansfeldt Sabina ofâ—gmont â—gmont October 1. Her humble Petition to the King The King's Advocate still followes the cause against the Prisoners Charges them both Among diverse other things With these Particulars The summe of their Indictment He concludes this to be matter enough for Sentence of Death to passe upon them C. Egmont's Province Count Horne's Province Some of these Heads the Governesse had objected against them to the King August 20. 1566. The People doe not thinke them guilty but conceive all this to be the malice of C. Egmont's Rivall Alva Whom the Count had foyled The Duke of Alva not so culpable in this as some imagine In Adriaenus Stopeâ—â—s See the yeare 65. Whether Count Egmont bribed by the Rebells connived at them The Duke of Alva pronounces Sentence of
death upon the Counts Egmont and Horne Iuly 1. Count Egmont Letter to his Majesty after Condemnation All night long Count Egmont prepares himselfe for death He is brought to execution the next day about noone Beheaded In the same place and manner died Count Horne Strange lamentation for C. Egmonts death Not without Threats And presages Confirmed by a portent from heaven as was commonly beleeved From hence sprang the hatred to Alva A saying of the French Embassadour Charles ix Count Egmont's Elogie The merits of Count Horne The Duke of Alva's Expedition against Lewis of Nassau Vitelli defends Groening Count Aremberg's Fanerall Alva's March Boldue He sends out his Scouts Their ridlculous mistake Occasâ—oning a military Proverbe Groningen The number of Alva's Army Lewis of Nassau's Forces His Trenches Assaulted by the Spanish The Nassavians run Many lost in their flight Iuly 21. The Battaile of Geming The Site of Lewis of Nassau's Campe Dicco Their Feare made the greater by a second mutiny of their Souldiers Which coming to the eare of the Spaniards Dicco Some make an appearance of charging the Nassavians in the front Others â—ssâ—ile them on the sâ—â—ke And take their Cannon opening the way for their fellowes to doe execution Iuly 26. The greatest that ever was Equall to the Enemy's cowardice The newes of this Victory in a wonderfull manner comes to the Groine Bern. Mend. l. 3. Groningen Tit. liv 〈◊〉 1. The like hapned among the old Romans The number of the slaine The Spoile The subtill Flight of Lewis of Nassau Tacit. l. 2. Annals The Resemblance of this Victory over Nassau to that of Germanicus Caesar over Arminius in the very same place Of this Spanish Trophey you will read mâ—re in thiâ— booke and in the beginning of the eight This Victory attributed to the prayers of Pins v. Iuly 27. Who gives God thanks for it with great solemnity Whether it may be thought a Miracle The Piety of the Spanâ—sh Souldiers The fury of the Sardinian Legion Revenging Count Aremberg's death with the firing of many Villages 1566. The Duke of Alva punishes this burning Brigade According to the old military forme Val. Max. l. 2. cap. 2. de Discipl milit How great a losse the Countrey hadby this fire Alva returnes victorious to Groningen Orders the affaires of that City The coming of Duke Alva's Son The Prince of Orange's Army raised by the joint assistance of the Princes of Germany How great this Army was How payed William Lumè's Vow The fame of this Army Which Alva seemes to contemne His answer to a souldier frighted at the number of Princes confederate against the King of Spaine 1565. Alva suspects the Lowcountrymen in generall Particularly the Wood-Gheuses Wonders in Heaven Christ. Asson vlt. Se. The D of Alva sâ—aâ—es at Maestricht to attend the Prince of Orange's Motion But the Prince of Orange passes the Mose With rare Artifice and celerity l. 7. bell Gall. l. 1. bell Civ Beyond the D. of Alva's imagination The Prince offers battaile to the Duke Vitelli holds it best for the D. to fight him The Duke is otherwise resolved And will go no higher then light Skirmishes How Strada comes to know the particularities of those little fights Two Troopes of Vitelli's horse intercepted Vitelli himself escapes Chafes at the mischiefe done to his Mare Threatens to be revenged for it And accordingly falls upon the Prince of Orange's Rere Does very great execution Takes 150. Horse His Merry saying to the Duke Still the P. of Orange uses all provocations to bring Alva to a Battaile Who is not moved but places the assurance of Victory in Delay Chiap Vitelli. The Orangians mutiny The Prince of Orang's danger Recruites sent him out of France Of the Fight 〈◊〉 the River Geta. The Prince of Orange having taken Centron or San Truyen intends to passe the River and joyne with the French Auxiliaries Thienen Alva commands Vitelli not to ingage The Prince passes the River leaving part of his Forces behind Which Vitelli charges Alva sends to his assistance his Son Duke Federico He takes the Hill The Fight Vitelli would gladly have pursued them beyond the River Barberino sent to signifie his desire to the D. of Alva Who orders the contâ—ary very much offende The Fight renued upon the River-bank The Orangians cut to pieces Vitelli's valiant gallantry Highly commended by the Duke of Alva The number of the slaine Count Hochstrat's death The remainder of the routed Forces surrounded in a house Which the King's men fire Their severall kindes of death Some of them dispatch one another Opinions touching the Enemyâ—â— being suffered to passe The Prince of Oranges Army growne greater and likewise his Necessities Strange to see how oft he changed his Quarters stâ—iving to take some Towne or to circumvent the Duke But all in vain He thinks of goiâ—g fâ—r France It kept out of â—â—â—ege â—lunders the Countrey about it And diverse Villages in Haynoâ—t Does some mischi fe to the D. of Alva Is prohibited to enter France And his hopes there fâ—iling returnes into Germany Of the Taxes he exacted The tenth The twentieth And 100. part The cause of these impositions The Estates deâ—â—re him to remit the tenth part But Alva is not to be moved A contest between the D. of Alva and the Queen of England M. Isselt's Hist and Meâ—eran l. 3. Thuan l. 44. and Meurs l 5. and B. Adrian l. 20. Aloys Caberera l 8. Hier. Conest l. 3. Occasioned by her interception of his Moneys He seizes the goods and ships of the English in the Low-countreys So doth her Majesty the Low-countrey-men and Spaniards commodities in England The Queene will not admit of his Embassadour May. 20. 24 The Portugall-Fleete with their Indian Frieght taken by the English A new Embassage from the Duke The Queen's Answer Barberino's Relation The Originall Strada saies he hath by him Nothing is concluded The D. of Alva proceeds in exacting Tribute from the Low-countrey men Who refuse to pay Taxes Plutarch in Themestocles Feb. 1570. Whereat he inraged writes threatningly to the Provinces And proves as good as his word They yield to the Duke in some things for the rest they pâ—tition the King Iuly 16. Sent to him March 25. A generall Pardon long since desiâ—ed by Margaret of Parma Sent too late by the King to Alva And yet the Promulgation by him deferd The Fore nâ—one Ceremonies at the Promulgation Praâ—ers Sermon in Low Dutch Maâ—â—e The Popes Letter read An Oration in French Interrupted The afternoone Pompe Out of Count Mansfeldts Letters to Marg of Parma 9. of August A stage in the Market-place The Duke upon a Throne The Cryer reades the K. Letters in Low-Dutch and French But so low that few heare him Out of the Letters of Christ. Assonv to Marg of Parma Iuly 17. And fewer like of what they heare Princesse Ann Espoused to K. Philip. August 11. Anne Daughter to the Empeâ—rour Maâ—imilian and Isabella Daughter to King Henry The
against the Enemies or at home in private Tiltings and for shooting in a piece at marks an art of great account with that People second to none Besides he had a naturall affability and which is rare a Popularity consistent with Nobility But he was particularly famous for the late victory at S. Quintins a great part whereof the King acknowledged himself engaged for to Count Egmont and for a later day at Gravelin since when the Low-Countrey-men had not wiped the enemies bloud off their swords In which expedition asmuch as he transcended the other Lords that had command in the Army especially the Spaniards so much with all forreiners but them he gained glory to his Nation and to himself the favour of others by his own to them So that if a Governour for the Low-Countreys might have been voted by the souldiers love and the peoples consent no man should have been preferred before Count Egmont But on a deeper sea and with a more popular wind sailed the Prince of Orange The greatness of the House of Nassau equall fortunes the principality of Orange subject to none besides his other large possessions both in Germany and the Low-countreys and his powerfull alliance to most of the great families of the North his mother Iuliana being a woman of a miraculous fecundity for of her children whereof the greatest part were daughters she lived to see one hundred and fifty that asked her blessing Add to this his own merit his dexterity of wit and staiedness of judgement far riper then his years and his abilities both as an Ambassadour and a General Then the great opinion the Emperour Charles the fifth had of him who employed him in his weightiest affairs Upon these and such like considerations how could the Prince of Orange go less in his hopes then to be Governour of the Low-countreys a place which his cousen Engelbert Count of Nassau enjoyed about an hundred years before Yet doubting the Kings inclination he had divided his suit that if he himself should meet a repulse yet Christiern Dutchess of Lorain might prevail whose daughter he hoped to marry intending for that was his drift that his mother in law should have the Title but he himself the Power And indeed the Dutchess of Lorain was every way capable of the place as being daughter to Isabella sister to Charles the fifth and having merited the favour of her cousen-german the King by the Peace which she lately had concluded with the French upon conditions more advantagious to the Spaniard for which she was much honoured by the Low-countrey-men But whilest on such kind of considerations mens hopes and discourses were protracted and suspended behold upon the sudden came news That Margaret of Austria Dutchess of Parma was sent for out of Italy to govern the Low-countreys Which though it happened unexspectedly yet could be no wonder to such as rightly judged For on the one part it was in reason to be thought the King at that time would not easily trust the government of the Low-countreys in the hand of a Low-countrey-man Such as looked into it might see cause sufficient Particularly Count Egmont had a bar by the unhappy memory of Charles Egmont Duke of Gelder who being of the French faction and a professed enemie to the House of Austria Charles the fifth confiscated his Estate and forced his heir to render Gelderland and Zutfen And divers reports going of the Prince of Orange's Religion in which kind a suspicion onely was enough to quash his sute the King would be sure never to commit the Low-countreys to the faith of one gracious and powerfull with the Germane Hereticks both as a neighbour and a kinsman which might open them a pass into the seventeen Provinces Nay even to the Dutchess of Lorain the rumour of a Treaty of marriage betwixt her Daughter and the Prince of Orange was very disadvantagious in her pretension to the government though it made more against her that she had married her sonne Charles Duke of Lorain to the daughter of Henry King of France For they say Bishop Granvel advised the King to look to it lest if she were Governess the French coming in mixt with the Lorainers might pester the Low-countreys Perhaps he himself being a Burgundian gave his Majestie this counsel for fear the Burgundians should be subject to the Lorainers their ancient enemies Or rather finding the King inclined to the Dutchess of Parma he endeavoured to express his zeal in preferring her and so to predeserve her favour But to choose her there was a concurrence of many reasons Before I Particularize them let me speak a little of the Dutchess her self and give you an account of her birth and education together with her deportment before she came to govern the Low-countreys Since the best Historians use not onely to describe the Actions but likewise the Fame of Persons and are tied by the rules of History not to omit the Characters of their Lives and Manners Margaret eldest child to Charles the fifth born four years before he was married had a mother of the same name Margaret Vangest as long after it came to light daughter to Iohn Vangest and Mary Cocquamb of Aldenard persons of good quality in Flanders Both which dying of the sickness left Margaret then but five years old to her fathers dear friend Anthony Lalin Count Hochstrat who with his wife Elizabeth Culemberg bred her as their onely child When she was grown a woman not onely as a great Beauty but as one that consecrated her beauty with modestie she was pretended to by many noble Suiters But she dashed all their hopes with the rub of chastity intending within a few dayes to be a Nun. In the mean time being invited to a Wedding and dancing there among other young Ladies of her qualitie she found by too late experience that such as expose their beautie set to sale their chastity especially if a great Chapman be at hand For the Emperour Charles the fifth in his passage by Aldenard honouring this wedding with his presence Margaret that came along with the Countess of Hochstrat surpassing all the other Ladies in his eye was highly commended by his Imperial Majestie who while he commended seemed to long for her Insomuch as one of his followers of that ging of Courtiers that have no way to merit their Princes favour but by slavish arts catched her up in the dark and brought her to the Bed-chamber By her the Emperour had this Margaret we write of The Business was many years concealed by Cesars command especially because the same Courtier accidently had told him that he took a great deal of pains to perswade the Virgin but could not get her for his Imperial Majesty without force and threatning At which the Emperour was so moved that giving the man a sound check for it he vowed if he had known as much before
that scorning the Court he looked for greater and quicker fortunes in the Warrs But the mischief daily encreasing seditious Citizens joyned with the Hereticks part necessitated to avoid punishment but the major part invited with hope of liberty That their pretences might shew more honest and promise more safety under some one Generall they looked upon the Prince of Orange whom they knew to be ambitious to command in chief and therefore an enemy to the Spaniards besides that he was seasoned with heresie at least ingaged by affinity with Hereticks whose service he made use of They likewise knew he had many strong towns of his own and that he would be supported by the counsels and wealths of forrein Princes And he himself was partly incouraged by his inclination to the Hereticks to favour which party he was at home perswaded by his wife his brother and his friends abroad by great Persons partly out of hatred first to Granvel afterwards to the Duke of Alva alwayes to the Spaniards especially because despairing of the Kings favour he hardly saw any place left for drawing back his hand when he had cast the Die partly by the opportunity of Command which from all quarters was offered to him Upon these motives he wholly revolted to them for whose defence he had the colour of protecting their Liberties with abundant matter of feeding his own hopes And thus what neither the Prince of Orange nor any Generall whatsoever could have done without a routiny of the People nor a mutiny of the People without a Generall was effected by a conspiracy of both a sudden flame of Rebellion breaking out which afterwards continued a long fire of Warr equally pernicious to the Conquerours and the conquered Wherefore to give you a full View of all at once it is very considerable whether Misfortunes succeed or meet And as by the conjunction of starrs ill winds they say are generated so questionless there is a conjuncture of evils in the destruction of Men and Kingdoms The sudden inundation of Heresie the peoples dislike of the Spanish souldiers the Multiplication of Bishops the Revival of the Emperours Edicts with the punishment of Delinquents the defeated hopes of the Nobility Granvels greatness at Court because they all happened together easily raised those tumults and troubles Nevertheless all were not of one Quality for many of them seemed honester Pretences then the rest but two of them did the business Heresie and Ambition though going under other Names borrowing elsewhere their occasions and beginnings For the Hereticks having made the People theirs pretended the Priviledges of the Low-countreys and lest the Dutchess of Parma their Governess should oppresse them they put themselves under the Protection of the Nobility These gudgeons were greedily swallowed by many some set on by Poverty more by their Repulses and Affronts most by the Power of Granvel Nothing could therefore advantage them but troubles wherein they should receive Pay from the Hereticks and Imployment from the Governess and by that means Granvels Power would decay for want of Action The peoples contumacy thus increasing with their strength they despised Government terrified the Cities with seditious tumults and immediately after in many places violated and robbed the Churches Lastly in some places were discovered evident signes of subjects intending a Revolt which was now set a foot And thus much I have discovered of the Originall of the Low-countrey Tumults which before the departure of the Dutchess of Parma out of the Netherlands being laid and almost extinguished revived again farre more fatally in the Government of the Duke of Alva whilst their Abettor the Prince of Orange took opportunity of the peoples falling into rebellion but not likely to hold out long without a General and upon their open defection from their Prince he long opposed the Spanish forces as their General Wherein how much the Spanish erred in pressing unseasonable remedies or the Low-countrey men in disobeying their Sovereigne I had rather you should gather out of the Narration of things themselves then out of the arguments and partiall disputes of an Historian The End of the second Book The Historie of the LOW-COUNTREY WARRES The third Book THe new Governess took care in the first place to send away the Spanish souldiers For the Provinces complained as I have shewed you that the four moneths were past wherein the King promised to free the Low-countreys of forrein souldiers and yet they were kept in Garrison but the Dutchess of Parma had put it off so long because she most confided in the valour and faith of the old souldiers if any troubles should arise at home by the contagious example of their neighbours that were together by the ears about Religion Which was the cause that when the Low-countreymen denyed their Pay she her self borrowed money to supply them But the Low-countreymens complaints dayly multiplying they alledged to the Governess that the King had obliged himself in honour and her husband Octavio Duke of Parma who never liked the stop of the Spanish army in the Netherlands at his departure into Italy perswading his wife to let them go she writ letters to the King for his assent And upon the receit of money from Spain together with the Kings Commission her Excellence drew out the Garrisons from the border-towns commanding them presently to march to Ulushen and to go abroad with the first fair wind for Spain But while shipping was prepared winter coming on the Governess received an Express from the King enjoyning her not yet to send away the Spanish Garrisons but as in her discretion she thought fit to spinne out time till the King sent his absolute determination And I believe his Majesty alwayes desired their stay in the Low-countreys yet perhaps he was more moved to it by new suspicions collected out of Granvels letters who having an eye upon the actions of the Nobility made an ill construction of their eagernesse to expell the Spaniards and perhaps penetrated further into the Prince of Oranges designes But the Dutchess could not at that time obey the King by reason the hatred and quarrell between the two Nations was then irreconciliable For the Spaniards were inraged because the Low-countreymen were so violent to have them gone And the Low-countreymen vexed with new grievances were the more fierce in urging their departure So as the Zelanders in whose islands the Spaniards had lyen for a wind being now grown desperate resolved to work no more upon the sea banks but though before their eyes the water bore them down in many places yet they said they had rather have their land drowned then plundered So long since the Generall of the Ancibarians vowed to do in the same place against the Romanes Nay they professed openly in the Spaniards hearing The sea should swallow them alive ere they would set foot out of doors to hinder it as long as forrein souldiers tread upon
was in dispute if the Governess had conditioned That so long as their neighbours were in arms so long the borders should have their Cities besides their own train-bands kept with forrein Garrisons Certainly they had in generall such a longing to be rid of the Spaniards as they would have agreed to any terms whatsoever and afterwards the Governess might easily have suppressed the tumults with those forrein souldiers But being then ingaged in troubles the Dutchess endeavoured to compose them for the present Unless perhaps she were deterred from entertaining forrein souldiers by the emptiness of the Exchecquer fearing in that great want of money if their pay should fall short forreiners would mutiny more dangerously then the natives which from their Princes hand might divers wayes receive correction The publick joy of the Low-countreymen for the departure of the Spaniards was accompanied with private joy at Court for Granvels being created Cardinall and the solemnity of the Prince of Orange's marriage solemnized in Saxony whither many of the Lords were gone along For whilest he was present at the marriage of his sister he had there concluded a Match for himself his first wife Anne Egmont being dead with another Anne daughter to Maurice Duke of Saxony wherewith he preacquainted the Governess Who at first disliking his marrying into a Lutheran family assured him it could never be approved of either by his Majesty or her self that he should have a Lady born in a Lutheran Court not onely bred an heretick by her father long since deceased but whose zeal would be dayly inflamed by her fathers brother Augustus who succeeded Duke Maurice in the Electorate and by her mothers Grandfather Philip Lantgrave of Hessen But the Prince of Orange perswaded her Excellence he had taken order for that and by way of prevention had agreed with Augustus Guardian to the Lady Anne that he would not marry her unless she turned Catholick and that Augustus and she her self under their hands and seals had Articled as much though Philip her Grandfather was against it refusing the condition of altering her religion because he had a design when that marriage should be broke off under colour of Religion to match his own daughter to the Prince of Orange To this purpose he had treated with him by letters promising for his daughter that he would accept the condition of her renouncing the Lutheran faith So little account they make of abusing Religion whose profit is their God The plot being discovered and greivously complained of by Augustus Philip replyed said the Prince of Orange That he being but poor and the father of many children it was not unhandsome for him to receive conditions from another but it would be a dishonour for the Duke of Saxony a Prince Elector to have William of Nassau give the Law to him and therefore he had refused the condition for his Neice and accepted it for his Daughter but this answer was not satisfactory to Augustus therefore to prevent him he resumed the Treaty with the Prince of Orange And when the Prince of Orange had often professed That nothing was or could be so dear to him as his soul and honour and duty to his Prince the Governess at last consented But yet she gave no leave to the Governours of Provinces to accompany the Prince of Orange which he made his suit because she had use of their service at home the French being in arms upon the borders Notwithstanding lest he should depart discontented she permitted the rest of the Nobility to go with him And in the head of that gallant Troop he rode to Saxony followed by Florence Memorancy Lord of Montiny who in the name of the Dutchess of Parma visited the Bride and presented her a diamond ring The Prince of Orange at Liepswich a city in Saxony having celebrated his marriage in the beginning of August where the King of Denmark was present and divers other Princes of Germany immediately returned into the Low-countreys renuing his promise to the Governess touching his wives Religion Which Promise he as truly performed as she did the Faith she had sworn to him in marriage being thirteen years after taken in adultery and sent back into Germany by the Prince who married Charlotte Bourbâ—n daughter to the Duke of Mompensier But his new marriage feast was kept in Holland with more pomp then joy by the Prince of Orange offended at Granvels scarlet which he had long forborn to wear but now the Prince found him in his robes For Pius the fourth made him together with seventeen others Cardinall of the Sacred Romane Church this year upon the twenty sixth day of February and within twelve dayes after the messenger brought the news into the Low-countreys soon after came one to Machin that was to present Granvell letters from his Holiness and a Cardinals hat But Granvel put off the receiving of those honours till he knew the Kings pleasure He therefore dispatched a messenger into Spain I suppose because he was sensible that the Governess had used means to procure him this dignity without acquainting the King with the contents of her Letters to the Pope Indeed she had not onely concealed it from his Majesty who she knew would like well of it but from Granvel himself Though it had been long in agitation between her and the Pope as she afterwards wrote to the King Therefore fearing the King would conceive him to be obliged onely to the Dutchess Granvel would not accept that honour without his Majesties consent and as it were from his Royall hand Perhaps he had some little doubt that the Dutchess at one time or other would take occasion by reason of that Ecclesiasticall advancement to remove him from the Civill Government And therefore he thought it fit to wait for the Kings approbation who by a speciall and strict injunction had commended him to the Governess But whatsoever he thought the Dutchess liked not his demur upon it and therefore answered his letter to this purpose That she condemned not his resolution but her opinion was he should have done better to have put on his Cardinals Robes without delay nor did she doubt but he would find the King of Spain of the same mind and that he would receive with his Majesties Letters his Command to force him to it And though she was very glad the Popes Nuntio as Granvel wrote to her took it in the best sense Yet he must have a speciall care that neither the Nuntio nor any of his servants should write to Rome lest the Court there should take occasions to cavill at this kind of modesty or lest the Pope should take offence as if his gifts should have their estimation from another In the mean time she heartily joyed him of his honour which was joyned with so much good to Religion and the King to which ends she had endeavoured it
learned but particularly of a subtil elocution and a Majestick kind of presence But the more these Princes by their own worth and the Queens favour were advanced the more must others necessarily be discontented that either had been or hoped to be the first in favour Principally the Bourbons and the Colligny not to name Momorancys that bore spleen to the Guises but with more civility Indeed Anthony of Bourbon besides his being the first Prince of the bloud took upon him in the right of his wife Ioan Alibret the title of King of Navarre He was a man equally tempered for the Arts of War and Peace but immoderate in his pleasures and therefore unfit to establish a Dominion Much more fierce and cunning was his brother Lewis Prince of Condè constantly engaged and exercised in the War yet with much more courage and confidence then either strength or knowledge Gaspar Colligny and his brother Andelot were of like nature but because he was Admiral of the French seas and this Lieutenant Genera◠of the Foot they were likewise in high esteem These which I have named with others of inferiour quality though there was no tie of friendship among them yet because they were all concerned in one common Interest easily conspired together And the Engine wherewith they meant to ruine the power of the Guises was by protecting the Hereticall Party who they knew hated the very name of Guise Especially some of them having now forsaken the old Religion desired to appear not onely Patrons of the Sectaries but likewise of the Sect. Among which none more boldly professed and maintained Heresie then Ioan Alibret wife to Bourbon and onely daughter to Margaret of Vallois and Henry King of Navarre This Lady because she saw her self deprived of her Kingdome of which Ferdinand the Catholick King had by arms dispossessed Iohn her grandfather excommunicated by the Bishop of Rome was transported with so implacable an hatred unto Rome and Spain and consequently to the Romane Religion which she knew the Spanish so much tendered that she spared no pains nor cost to bear down the Popes Authority and the Catholick Faith in France Heresie therefore supported by these eminent persons spread it self so far over the whole Kingdome that Henry King of France whose Armies were kept in action by the Spaniards in the Low-countreys concluding a Peace with King Philip withdrew his forces and cares to compose discords at home which threatned to break out into a Civil War But the death of King Henry hastened on the mischief For as I said his son Francis and the Queen and Queen-Mother the more they used the faithfull endeavours of the Guises against Hereticks the more they exasperated their enemies and put them on to use the proffered service of the Hereticks to suppresse their power Which moved the Queen-mother when her daughter Isabella was to go for Spain to desire assistance from her Son in Law King Philip against the Hereticks and troublers of the Kingdome To which request she received a very gracious answer with a magnificent promise of men and money Letters from the King to that effect being purposely read before some of the French Lords to strike them into a fear did rather encrease their envie to the Queen-Mother and unite them against Spain And now against the Guises and against the King himself were scattered Libels as fore-runners of the tumults which immediately followed And the Lady Alibret earnestly solicited the Cause who remembring her old quarrel and impatiently longing for a Crown rung in her husbands ears That he must not suffer this onely opportunity of recovering the Kingdome of Navarre to slip out of his hands That he may now make himself head of a mighty faction almost half the strength of France That upon these terms he may exspect assistance from the Germane Princes of the same Religion from the English the Low-countrey men besides such Catholicks as were enemies to the Guises and by a strong conjuncture of all these they may expell the Guises out of France advance the Hereticall party and no doubt but at length they may carry that army to the conquest of Navarre But this furious Tullia was married to a milder Tarquin so as the Duke of Bourbon being cold for all this fiery curtain-Lecture his brother the Prince of Condè a Tarquin that well-matched the Lady Alibret is said to have undertaken the Advance of the Conspiracie and that he engendred the tempest at Ambois which for that time was dispersed by the providence of the Duke of Guise But new clouds of discontentments gathering at last the storm fell more fatally in showers of bloud and civil war They say in that tumult the name of Hugonot was first brought up at Tours upon this occasion It is a custome at Tours to fright children by telling them of Hugh who they say rides about the Suburbs in the night pushing at all he meets And when the Hereticks that flocked to Tours had their nightly Conventicles in the Suburbs because they durst not come together in the day time they were accidentally pointed out to the children like midnight-goblins and from Hugh by way of jeer were called Hugonots Though some derive them from another kind of original But whencesoever they had that denomination it appears they thought it a scorn to them and therefore they called the Catholicks Papists But these are onely names I proceed to the matter as it is recorded by them that wrote the History of those times The first designe of the French tumults was laid at Geneva by Calvin and Beza holding in that town a shamefull and barbarous consultation upon a day appointed suddenly to massacre King Francis the Queen the Queen-mother the Kings brothers and all the Lords of the Court The King therefore to curb this insolence of the Hereticks maintained by some of the Nobility for their private ends and feuds raised an army in France called his forces out of Germany requested succours from the Duke of Lorain and the King of Spain And indeed King Philip presently sent him souldiers out of Spain which were to joyn with the French Army at Limosin intending to furnish him with more men but hearing of the death of King Francis he put off his other supplyes till the next year to which time the warre it self was deferred The death of King Francis was attended with a great alteration in the state For the Bourbons one of which was condemned to loose his head and hourly exspected the executioner and the other banished the Court and generally thought to be oppressed in his brothers ruine were presently made the disposers of the Kingdome the administration thereof being come into the hands of the Queen-mother of the house of Medices who was to govern for King Charles a child of ten years old The Prince of Condè was restored by Proclamation to his
nearly concerned to preserve Religion then greatly indangered in France and they very well affected to the cause had laid their designes the Queen Regent by the by propounded some Marriages wherein she would have ingaged her Daughter but the Queen of Spain and the Duke of Alva returned thereunto no absolute answer reserving the finall determination of all things to King Philip. Lastly upon occasion of an Embassadour sent from Soliman the Turkish Emperour to renew the league between King Charles and him the French spake of renouncing the said League and that their King should joyn with King Philip and the Emperour against the common enemie But this though it was opportune took no effect the Queen of Spain declining all overtures but onely concerning Religion which she at the Duke of Alva's earnest motion again commending to them after they had imbraced and kissed they took their leaves The Hereticks that guessed at their intentions exceedingly fearing lest by the meeting of these Princes as by the conjunction of malevolent Starres was portended some fearfull storm that would fall upon their heads And indeed that great massacre of the Hugonots which seven years after was acted at Paris was they say plotted at this meeting which I will neither denie nor affirm Though I am rather inclined to believe that the mutuall succours which since this time we see have been often sent by the French into the Low-countreys and from thence into France against the Rebells to Religion and their Prince together with the marriage five years after solemnized by King Charles and Elisabeth daughter to the Emperour Maximilian were concluded at this conference For King Philip in the fore-mentioned letter gives an intimation of mutuall assistance to be from thenceforth given to expell heresie out of their Kingdomes and plainly faith the Queen had not directly declared her self against the marriage but left a door open to a new consulation since in regard of their tender years the young Prince and Princesse he being but fifteen and Princesse Elisabeth eleven might very well stay a good while before they married In the beginning of March Count Egmont came to Madrid contrary to the exspectation and command of his Majestie who would have had his journey put off I suppose because the Governess had informed him that the Count was willing to go in hope of his private advantage Yet the King received him very graciously answerable to the quality of so noble a person and so great a Generall famous for many victories and often with good approbation heard him move for relief to the publick necessities of his Countrey Nay when he descended to his particular affairs the King granted his suit almost in every thing Finally his Majestie gave him large instructions in writing for answer to the Governess and that he might resolve upon more certain grounds he advised in that which concerned Religion with Divines which to that purpose waited on him In that Assembly of learned men I have heard one that was present say The pietie of the King was admirable For having summoned the greatest Schoolmen and Casuists and demanding their opinions touching the Libertie of Conscience which some Low-countrey Towns so earnestly petitioned for when many of them considering the present condition of the Low-countreys said That for the avoiding of a greater evil much to be feared in Cities ready to revolt and shake off Obedience to their Prince and to the Orthodox Faith his Majestie might without offending God allow his subjects the free exercise of their Religion He replied That he sent not for them to instruct him whether such a Permission were lawfull but whether it were necessary And when they told him they saw no necessity then the King in their presence kneeling before a Crucifix And I said he pray and beseech thy Divine Majestie thou King of all men O God that thou wilt please to keep me alwayes in this mind that I may never care that the men which deny thee for their Lord may either be or be called my Subjects and then he opened his determination concerning Religion in those Letters which I told you were delivered to Count Egmont But before he had his dispatch the King dealt plainly with him That he was not a little offended at the last conspiracie of the Lords when they gave the Coats and Cognizances wherein they aenigmatically threatned Cardinal Granvel that especially Egmont reputed the Authour of that invention might therein have shewn if not more fidelity at least more discretion But Count Egmont faithfully assured his Majesty that it was mere mirth and childish sport at table to make a jest to laugh at in their cups not to be feared by any man that done he omitted not to accuse the Cardinall as the principall cause thereof because he daily mustered those of his faction against the Nobility and therefore deserved to be requited with the like Assemblies Yet in these meetings and this he often confirmed by oath they did not so much as think of any thing contrary to their sincere Allegiance to his Majesty Nay if he had found any of their party an Enemy to the King he himself would have been first though he were his own brother that should have stabbed him to the heart This Discourse having passed between the King and Count Egmont of all which the King by a private Letter certified the Governess Instructions were given to the Count thus indorsed Instructions of those things which thou Prince of Gavera Count of Egmond our Cousen and Counsellour in affairs of the Empire art commanded in our Name to communicate to Our Sister the Dutchess of Parma The summe of his large Instructions was this At his arrivall in the Low-countreys after he had saluted the Governess from the King and returned her his royall thanks for her good Government of those Provinces and for sending into Spain the fittest man to negotiate for the Low-countreys he was to deliver her this answer from his Maiesty That in the first place he was struck with unutterable grief to hear of the growth of Heresie and that he was firmly resolved and would have the whole world know that he would not suffer it within his Dominions though he were to die for it a thousand times Therefore he desired the Governess to call a Senate extraordinary to which divers Bishops should be summoned particularly Rythovius Bishop of Ipres with the like number of Divines and such Counsellours as stood best affected to Religion and their Countrey The pretended occasion should be to examine the Councel of Trent but the reall meaning to find out an Expedient how the people might be kept in their ancient Religion how their children might be virtuously bred up at School how to proceed in punishing Hereticks by some other course that might take off the odium not that he meant to pardon them for that he neither resolved to
design was commonly reported to intend the establishment of this new Judicature in the Low-countreys Though the Duke as afterward it was evident levied men onely to defend his own towns amidst the tumults then threatning the Low-countreys the King to supply Malta and to oppose the Turk in other places Yet when the Governess went about to perswade the multitude she found it Labour in vain the Hereticks disputing against her and affirming That it was the ordinary trick of State to pretend war for one place and fall upon another So that many men openly professed they would fell their houses and land and seek their Countreys lost Libertie in forrein Nations At publick meetings in the Market place and upon the Exchange divers men were heard boldly to say that against the crueltie of the Kings Edict they onely wanted a Generall which if once they should have they would make the King leave meddling with the Priviledges of the Low-countreys The multitude thus storming the Lords neutrall or wavering and the Hereticks that were in danger of the Edict stirring them up to mutiâ—â—ie the Conspiracie was ripened Nine Lords that were not Officers of State at Breda a Town belonging to the Prince of Orange subscribed and propounded unto the rest a confederation penned by Philip Marnixius Lord of Saint Aldegund long since corrupted and now a corrupting Calvinist In the Preamble they inveighed against the Inquisition which being contrary to all Laws divine and humane farre exceeded the cruelty of all former Tyrants The Lords declared their sense of this indignity the care of Religion appertaining to them as Counsellours born and protested they entered into a league to prevent the wicked practices of such as by these sentences of banishment and death aimed at the fortunes of the greatest persons they had therefore taken an holy oath not to suffer the Inquisition to be imposed upon the Low-countreys and prayed that both God and Men might forsake them if they ever forsook their Covenant or failed to assist their Brethren suffering for the Cause Lastly that they called the Lord to witnesse by this agreement they intended nothing but the Glory of God the Kings honour and their Countreys Peace This is the summe of their League which either for the interchange or multiplicitie of their promises was called the Covenant and was afterwards printed that it might be every where published in divers languages with this Title according to the English copy A transcript of the Covenant signed by the Lords and Gentlemen of the Low-countreys by reason of an attempt to impose upon them the Spanish Inquisition Their Emissaries were forthwith dispatched to the severall Provinces to acquaint them with what was resolved and to court the people which took exceedingly For at their Assemblies many were so violent as when they but heard the Spanish Inquisition named not knowing any more of the matter they set to their names The first that subscribed were Nicholas Haâ—es Herauld to the Knights of the Golden-fleece commonly called Tosond ' or a principall instrument in the Conspiracy Baronius Glibercius Lefdal servant to Count Egmont Iohn Marnixiuâ— Lord of Tholose Ghisell Meinser and Olhain as Anderlech steward to Count Megen wrote to the Governesse The number and quality of the rest cannot easily be described they that took Catalogues of their names varying them as they supposed it would conduce to the augmentation of the fame or extenuation of the fact Indeed Hames bragged to Anderlech whom he indeavoured to bring into the faction that he had a roll of above two thousand noble persons names subscribed But Anderlech abhorring the treason not onely refused to subscribe but thought it the duty of a good Subject to discover their proceedings to the Governesse And though he found her not ignorant of many of their names and curious to know them all yet he opened some things to her wherewith as his familiar friends they had privately acquainted him That among others the Duke of Cleve had signed the Covenant with the Princes of Saxony Count Suartzemberge Gasper Colligny and many others Besides some Abbots of the Low-countreys and certain Lords of the Order of the fleece I cannot tell if this were given out to countenance the faction but I am sure the Rumour of the Duke of Cleve's Revolt soon vanished as that of the Companions of the Order increased and Count Megen that was one of the Colledge told the Governesse that two of his Colleagues whose names he knew not with divers other Noblemen were joyned with the Conspiratours But one of them might be well suspected and the Prince of Orange expressed himself very sensible of mens opinions for he complained in Senate that he was commonly reputed one of the number of the Covenanters the other must be either Count Horn Admirall of Flanders or Anthony Lalin Count Hochstrat as appeared by their conveâ—sation out of which men ordinarily draw conjectures Nor doubt I but many others were reputed Abettors of the faction as besides the above named it was thought Elisabeth Queen of England might be one though upon no other argument but onely their severall interests in the troubles of the Low-countreys For every one will allow of Casâ—ians Maxime That we may justly suspect those for Authours that are advantaged by the design But it were superfluous to inquire after dubious or concealed persons when enow declare themselves no fewer then four hundred of great quality giving in their names whereof almost one hundred were Hereticks as Count Megen informed the Governesse besides Merchants and others of the vulgar sort not to be numbered The chief of the Conspiratours were Henry Count Brederod Lewis of Nassaâ— Brother to the Prince of Orange Florence Pallantius Count of Culemberg a town in Holland he himself being a Burgundian and Willam de Bergen Count of Bergen in Gelderland all of that youth and courage as animated them to high attempts Brederod especially who took place of them all either for his antient Nobility being descended from the old Earls of Holland or for the sharpnesse of his wit which he used with great freedome against such as were in authority and it was therefore applauded by the people and very usefull for the Mutineers But the nobler and baser sort of the Party were not all of the same mind noâ— had the same ends as it is usuall in actions of this nature For some would rest quiet if the Pontifician Inquisitours were outed and the penalties of the Edicts qualified Others had yet a further design for the Liberty of Religion Many cared neither for Religion nor the Edicts but onely desired spoil and pillage Lastly there were some that had yet an higher reach and aimed by these troubles to shake off their old Prince and set up a new Government But all of them pretended and petitioned for the taking away of the Inquisition and
whilst the Governesse chides the Prince and wiâ—â—s him to revoke his Act news is brought to her that the Counts of Hotchstrat and Horn had followed the example of Antwerp he at Machlin this at Tournay and both rebuked by the Governesse gave her an account of their actions Hotchstrat said he could not do withall for the law was given to him by the inraged people whom he found at his entrance into the citie barbarously spoiling the Churches But Horn of whom her Excellence complained to the King as of a greater Delinquent then the rest because when he had made suit for the Government of Tournay it was granted him upon certain conditions which he ingaged to observe yet had broke every particular laid the fault upon the citie so full of Hereticks that of five parts scarce one continued Catholick The Governesse heard yet worse news from Utrecht and worst of all from the Bus those having chased away the Catholicks from the Churches and these the Bishop from the citie A while after the Prince of Orange certified the Governesse that three hundred of the common people at Antwerp in hope of spoil taking arms were ready to break into a Monasterie of Franciscans but that he came in with his horse and scattered them But the same wickednesse prospered better at Amsterdam Where a few men of the poorest roguey sort of Hereticks but countenanced by many and potent Citizens rushing into a Church and Monasterie of Franciscans and defacing all the consecrated things beat and stoned out the Religious hurting the Consull of the town and one of the greatest Senatours that opposed them and so made themselves masters of the Convent At which time the women of Amsterdam did a memorable exploit For while these impious madmen running to all the Churches in the town closely followed their victorious beginning and broke into a Chappell famous in those parts for miracles wrought by the holy Eucharist where they laid hands upon that heavenly bread the women that were about the Altar took to themselves mens courages rising up in defence of the blessed Sacrament and resolving rather to die then suffer that execrable rudenesse And what with threats and authoritie for some of them were women of qualitie what with force and clamour those barking hell-hounds ran away without so much as touching the Altar or tearing the Church-ornaments These women are indeed worthy the knowledge and commendations of posteritie Unlesse perhaps their praise may seem a disparagement to the men But the women of Amsterdam merited not more honour then the same sex deserved infamie at Delph a town in Holland For a whole Regiment of them undoubtedly possessed by the Devil knowing one anothers minds upon the sudden like Bedlams or Furies got into a Church of the Franciscans broke the Saints images towsed and spoiled the holy Altar-clothes From thence with like speed and rage they furiously made their way into the Monasterie it self with such violence as if they had been the Snake-haired hags sent from Pluto running over the house and rifling every corner so as the Franciscans frighted with the strange sight of these Bacchides thinking this to be the prologue to a massacre for it was rumoured that within two or three dayes all the Priests should have their throats cut part of them to save themselves fled and the rest hid themselves I know some were of opinion they were not women that durst make this attempt but men in womens clothes Yet that the women of Holland might be so wicked it is agreeable to their mannish principles in mastering of their husbands And that it was their Act the Governesse who shrewdly sifted things out affirmed and among divers such like prodigies whereof in many severall letters she informed the King her Excellence laments the desperate condition of the Low-countreys that had no hope but onely in his Majesties presence therefore she humbly beseeches him if he meant to keep those Provinces to cut off all delays and by the example of his father Charles the fifth who marched through France into the Low-countreys in the deep of winter onely to quiet one mutinous city now when all the cities were indangered he would please himself personally to come and speedily with his Armie to subdue that stubborn people as his father had done Gant and to impose such laws upon them as should stand with the pleasure of a Conquerour and a Revenger And now the King as appeared by other letters to the Governesse resolved upon a war Therefore in two packets sent by his Majestie from Segovia dated in August he appoints her the place and number of men she shall raise and pay Yet in his first Expresse before he opens his determination of levying forces he acquaints her with the Queens happie deliverie who having been two dayes in labour was brought a bed of a daughter baptized at the holy Font by Iohn Baptista Castaneo the Popes Nuncia afterward Urban the seventh by the name of Clara Isabella Eugenia The first of these names was given her from the Saints day on which she was born the second from her mother the third in honour of the martyr Eugenius Bishop of Toledo whose sacred body brought out of France King Philip helped to bear the same day that he perceived his Queen to be with child This is the Isabella that as she was born in the heart of the Low-countrey tumults so afterwards being married to the Archduke Albert Brother to the Emperour Rodolph had the Low-countrey Provinces and tumults for her Dowrie His Majestie having passed these complements to his Sister commands her to raise three thousand horse and ten thousand foot in Germany and giving them two moneths pay to have them ready in case they should be sent for into the Low-countreys Of these horse she was to order one thousand to be raised and commanded by Erick Duke of Brunswick five hundred under his Brother Philip 250 under Iohn Barnise the rest under Iohn Valhant The foot she was to distribute into 33 colours ten whereof to Count Iohn of Nassaâ— brother to the Prince of Orange as many to Count Otho Erber stein eight to Colonell Cremberberg the other five to Captain Valdersong For all these severall Officers the King sent Commissions the the Governess together with 300000 Ducats part whereof she was to distribute among the said Commanders and part to others if more should be entertained or any else thought fit to be nominated in their places that were already chosen For which purpose his Majestie sent her divers blanks signed with his signe manuall Finally lest any of the Germane Princes should make an ill construction of his levying those men he enclosed in her packet letters to them acquainting them all with the ground of his designe particularly the Emperour Maximilian to whom he explained himself both by Express and by the mouth
from such as were not invited whereby jealousies and differences might arise among them And it happened very conveniently that at the same time the Governesse received some letters from the King writ with his own hand to the Prince of Orange and some other of the Low-countrey Lords expressing much affection to them which she presently sent to the presse and had them published the result of all this was That partly out of fear the Lords would desert them whose resolutions the Confederates perceived to waver partly out of hope which they were full of because they saw themselves courted and honoured by the King partly out of malice to others which as they thought suspected and hated them divers of the Covenanters leaving the publick meetings of the Conspiratours returned to their own houses to follow their private businesse or came over and submitted to the Governesse striving rather to merit the Kings favour then his indignation Which great defection elevating her spirits the Governesse resolved to use her utmost force and policy to scatter their seditious Congregations And to begin the right way by craving a blessing from God she wrote letters in the Kings name to all the Bishops and chiefest Prelates to appoint in all their Cities Fast-dayes and publick Prayers and to use all other means for appeasing the Divine wrath She likewise sent an Agent into France to Francis Alava the King of Spains Embassadour to inform him of the preparations made by the French Hugonots and another into Germany to the Emperour to pre-acquaint him with the Petition that was to be presented at the Diet and to give him intelligence how he was threatened by the Electours Augustus Duke of Saxony and Frederick Count Palatine And truly Count Mansfeld would have offered the Emperour that he himself would either convert the Duke of Saxonie to his Allegeance or take away the power of his disloyaltie by imploying the sonnes of Iohn Frederick that bore an inveterate malice to Duke Augustus for depriving their Father of the Electorate and if they should be incouraged to take arms no doubt but they would involve all Saxony in a War and Augustus would have enough to do to extinguish the fire in his own Dukedome without scattering it in anothers Dominions But the Governesse could not at that time spare Count Mansfeld she therefore held it sufficient to commend his design and to inform the King of it and his readinesse to serve his Majesty pretermitting no occasion to name him for the advance of the Counts former Suit and perhaps he himself had an eye upon it when he made this offer which undoubtedly would more advance his favour with the King then his trouble in Saxony Thus many proffer huge service to such as they know will not accept it especially if they think themselves able to do their businesse without the profferer's help Moreover it was Mansfelds plot the Counts of Aremberg and Megen being of the same opinion that the number of souldiers should be increased in the Low-countreys and the Governours attended with greater Guards and presently the Governesse directing her Letters to them advised them severally Not to suffer the Hereticks to have any more meetings That she knew besides their Sermons that were with limitation permitted they held I know not what Consistories and setting up Schools for Children bred them to impious Opinions That they married buryed and baptized in a new manner published filthy Books and posted up Pictures in mockery of God and the King and at their Calvinisticall Suppers the multitude then meeting solemnly professed that they had broke the League with Catholick Religion and were resolved never to make a Peace but constantly to endeavour the extirpation of it Root and Branch And yet was it possible men should so far forget all Modesty and Shame as to affirm that these abominations were licensed by the Governess when she permitted them Sermons That she was not so foolishly wicked as not to distinguish things so distant or to suffer so execrable impiety Therefore in the Kings name she commanded the Governours of the Provinces that as many as they should apprehend at any Hereticall meetings Sermons onely excepted they should proceed against them as Traytours to the King and disturbers of the publick Peace To these Letters she joyned an Edict which clearly explained every particular thereof and imposed penalties upon the contumacious somewhat more sharp and severe then well consisted with her nature I suppose Grief made a deep impression in her mind as if all that mischief came of Sermons which her too much fear and lenity had toleratrd Wherefore her Excellence sending the King a Transcript of the Edict said She was forced to use that rigour because the detestable carriage of the Hereticks contrary to agreement so required And she hoped if their other exercises were once suppressed that Sermons whensoever the King would declare the grant to be void and disallow them would be likewise banished the Low-countreys She added that when the Edict was penned all the Privie Councel consented but onely Egmont who said that Edict would be an Alarum to the Low-countreys and indeed either upon that occasion or because the Church-robbers and such as met at Sermons in prohibited places were punished they hastened the warre which they meant not should begin till a long while after To this end they met more frequently in their Consistories and Committees many Letters passing by the hands of Gyles Cleark to the confederate Gentlemen and from them to the Merchants and Consistorians By all which it was finally resolved that whensoever the Governess should use force they would be ready to take the field making their levies partly in Saxonie partly in the Palatinate but the Palsgraves offer should be first embraced Commission for Generall was given to Henry Brederod with a list of the names of Antwerp Merchants that engaged for money to raise men Brederod immediately named Collectours and made Philip Marnixius of S. Aldegund Treasurer of the Army Lewis of Nassau undertook to solicit Augustus Duke of Saxony For though Saxony was then embroyled in a Warre between Iohn Frederick sonne to the late Electour Iohn Frederick and his cosin-germane by the fathers side Augustus Duke of Saxony de facto yet Lewis liked the employment because he hoped by authority of the Germane Princes that were active in it the difference would be soon composed and he should from thence be furnished with stout and well armed souldiers for the Low-countreys But because the war continued Iohn Frederick despising the conditions of Peace and that the Governess knowing the Covenanters designe to trouble Lewis his negotiation kept some faithfull Agents in Augustus his Army which lay before the city of Goth therefore the Covenanters not relying upon this slow assistance met at the Prince of Oranges City Breda where these three things were decreed
Kings immediate Commission can neither be taken away by the Governesse nor resigned by him without the King's Leave That therefore he should presently resume his Offices and consider it was no rash Determination of his Majesty in this common Disturbance of the Provinces to require that their Governours by a new Oath should testifie their Fidelity and Allegeance The Prince of Orange replyed in the presence of Count Hochstrat who came in by chance that for many and serious considerations which he had as yet communicated to no man he refused this Oath First because the like was never required of any former Governour then for as much as he had long agoe taken an Oath of Allegiance to the King as other Lords did that lived within his Majesty's Dominions it might be thought he had broke his first Oath in regard he was put to sweare againe Moreover because he had sworne to preserve the Priviledges of his Provinces if peradventure he should be commanded to the contrary he could not obey the Order being tyed by Oath not to doe it and yet he bound himselfe to obey it if he should now sweare to doe what he should be commanded in the King's name against any persons whatsoever Add to this that in the Forme of the Oath the Emperour was not excepted to whom as a feudatary he was obliged and would not beare Armes against him Nay more there was no exception of his Sons and Friends as the Duke of Cleve and diverse others against which he would not fight Another Reason was for that many Edicts were daily published making it capitall for all such as were not Catholiques which Edicts should never be executed by his Authority for his Heart would not suffer him to inflict such punishments as men were now liable to for their Religion Nay if he should take this Oath he might be compelled in the last place to put his Wife to death because she was a Lutheran Lastly it was to be considered that he who commanded in the King's name might be such as it would not be consistent with his quality and Honour to obey and here with Indignation he named the Duke of Alva and said no more For as it was reported the Duke of Alva's coming troubled him exceedingly his other Reasons only were pretended and because invalid therefore multiplyed Nor would the Prince of Orange have lost his Government for an Oath but he thought it unsafe to trust himselfe in the hands of that Spanish Duke by nature melancholick and cruell and out of an ancient Emulation betwixt them too likely to carry himselfe proudlier in his Command or if he should be civill yet the Prince of Orange could never brooke a man from whom he must receive Common Civility in the nature of a Pardon But Bertius sufficiently instructed as well by nature as by the Governesse answered him prudently to every particular He said it was no wonder in regard the Provinces were not troubled in the time of their former Governours that no such Oath was required of them That to take the same Oath againe was not by a new Profession to repaire the Violation of an old Vow but to raise greater Alacrity in new Dangers That to preserve the Priviledges of the Provinces the King had noe lesse obliged his Faith then the Prince of Orange his and therefore it concerned his Majesty to be careful that nothing should be commanded which was Breach of Priviledge Nor was the War in agitation against the Emperour or Empire or the Duke of Cleue all which he was assured the Governesse would very willingly let him except in his Oath That the Care of the Edicts and Penall Lawes against Hereticks should not be committed to him much lesse should he be inforced by any ones Command to Punish his wife Thus Bertius endeavoured to overthrow the Prince of Oranges Reasons without mentioning the Duke of Alva perhaps doubtfull how to answer that Point perhaps because vpon the naming of his Wife the Prince of Orange replyed not expecting till he came so farre as Alva that he knew the King when he arrived in the Lowcountryes would not suffer any mans Wife to be of another Religion therefore for his owne part he was resolved to remoue into Germany with his Family before the King 's Coming lest if he did it after it might be supposed he was rather banished then that he departed of his own accord neverthelesse in what place soever he remained he would live as became a Subject to his Majesty never omitting any thing that might conduce to the Kings Honour Bertius seeing him not to be wrought vpon at least not able to make a Peace desired a Truce praying him for this was part of his Instructions that before his Departure he would giue a meeting to Count Egmont aâ—d any other of the Lords that he himselfe would name whereunto he willingly condiscended and appointed Willebroc a Village betweene Bruxells and Antwerp for the Place of Conference Where on the one part the Prince of Orange on the other Egmont Mansfeldt and by Command from the Governesse Bertius also met and after they had treated diverse times of the same things they departed having concluded nothing They say the Prince of Orange before he went taking aside Count Egmont spake of the present Dangers and intreated him to withdraw and by no means to stand this bloudy Spanish Tempest that hung over the Low-countryes And when Egmont confident in his owne merits and scorning Danger disputed against his opinion and how the King's mercy would pardon all if he found the Low-countries quieted This Mercy of the King said Orange that you trust to will be your ruine My Soule presages I wish it may be false that you are to be the Bridge the Spaniards will tread upon in their coming over to the Low-countryes At which words as assured of his Prophesy and that he should never see Egmont againe he held him hard in his Armes and so both weeping tooke their last Farewell Next day he wrote a Letter to the Governesse Intreating her that she would please to remember the King and make a gracious Interpretation herselfe of the Paines he had taken now and long since both in Peace and Warre for his Majestyes Honour and Advantage And that he himselfe wheresoever he lived would alwayes be her Highnesses most faithfull Servant Immediately he removed with his wife and Children all but his eldest Son Philip whom he left a Student in Lovaine to his City of Breda many of the Nobility waiting on him Having staid there awhile he retired to Cleueland and about the end of Aprill to Dilemburg the antient Seat of the Nassau's And Egmont though he was troubled at the Parting of his Friend soone after grew cheerefuller then ever For now being quit of his old Rivall and therefore assuring himselfe of the first Place in the Governesses Favour he
attend her Highnesse in the name of the City Which she denyed to heare of unlesse they brought along her own Commissioners that were kept Prisoners at the Bus. Shortly after the Chancellour and Merodius being set at Liberty arrived at Court and told the Governesse that Bomberg distrusting his Faction daily mouldring away had left the Towne with a band of men the Citisens being compelled for what he had acted to give their Approbation and to pay a thousand Florens in the name of a Donative As they were speaking came in Commissioners from the Bus desiring a generall Pardon that the Edict might be revoked and that a Garrison might not be imposed vpon them But the Governesse offended with those proud Demands answered That their Message looked not like a Supplication made by Delinquents and so put them off till another Nor suffering them to come any more into her presence she commanded them by the Chancellour and Merodius to returne home and teach their City not to Article with her for a Surrender but to receiue a Garrison as she commanded And that remembring their Offences they should leave themselues their fortunes to the Kings Mercy The Governess was animated as wel by the late Victory as by the present Forces come from Germany wherewith the Bus being terrifyed sent back their Commissioners rendring themselues to the Governesse without Conditions only they beseeched her that to prevent quarrell betweene the Townsmen and the Souldiers they might haue a Garrison of their owne Countrymen And they receiued part of the German Army and their Generall Col. Schovenburg who together with a Senatour ioyned in Commission with him by the Governesse ordered the Common wealth repealing indeed the Edict but suspending both Punishment and Pardon till the King 's Coming At the same time the Governesse was attended by Commissioners from Antwerp craving Pardon for their past Delinquency and promising that the Towne now freed from the factious Inhabitants would hereafter be obedient Subiects And truly though the Antwerpers were the last that came in yet they deserved the greatest Commendations and much more their Pardons because the best of the Towne were forced to sweate hard for it before they could remove the swarme of Hereticall Preachers For albeit most of them were ignorant people rather wicked then subtle their Greatest understandings reaching no higher then Taverne-Politicks yet they were growne so numerous so strong by the Assistance of wicked and factious Persons and had so captivated the affections of the Commons that they were become absolute Masters of the Towne and could not be outed but with greate paines and Trouble and with a miserable and manifold vexation of the City The Body of one that is possessed with the Devill is not more deadly tormented when the evill Spirit is expelled by the power of the holy Exorcist then all Antwerp was shaken by the Threatenings and Curses of this Legion of Ministers and Fugitiues that long strugled and at last was forced to leaue it But the Governesse though she was glad at heart to see Commissioners from so great a City yet dissembling her Ioy grievously rebuked them and said there was no talking of a Pardon till they had received a Garrison that done she promised them to use her best endeavours in preferring their Supplication to the King In the interim she would forbeare to punish that contumacious and rebellious City excepting only the chief Rebells and the Sacrilegious people As soone as the Commissioners were returned with this Answer they were sent back from Antwerp to offer the Towne and said the Citisens were in the power of the Governesse if she pleased to Command a Garrison they would receiue it Her Excellence much commending their Resolution replyed as if she meant it for an Honour to them which she intended for securing of the Towne that she would come in person to Antwerp and honour with Her Presence the Rendition made by her dearest Subiects The next day she commanded Count Mansfeldt to goe before with 16 Ensignes of her best Foote And he for feare of a Mutiny among the people being to guard the Passages with Cannon planted at the turnings of the streets entred the Towne as if he were to storme it and securing the Market-place and every part of the City with Musketteers and Cannon he receiued the Governesse who came about the end of Aprill with great pomp not only waited upon by his Souldiers that were 1200. but by the Magistrates Gouernours of Provinces Knights of the Golden-Fleece and Senatours of the three Estates Entring the Towne in manner of a Triumph with great concourse and Acclamations of the people Attended with all those eminent persons her Highnesse went directly to the great Church dedicated to the blessed Virgin Mary where she beheld the mischiefe done by those damned Villaines which had defaced that goodly Building The sight wereof drew teares from her eyes but now occasion being offered for some kind of reparation it partly qualified her griefe Therefore causing Te Deum to be sung she publiquely gave thanks to God and privately to the blessed Virgin that without warre or bloud so great a City was returned to their Religion and their Prince Then she applyed her selfe to regulate the Common-wealth wherein her first care was to do right unto the Church and sending for the Bishop of Cambray the Altars and Churches which the sacrilegious had either pulled down or prophaned began to be new built and purified with Canonicall Ceremonies and which was best of all furnished with active men fit for the Cure of Soules Afterwards looking upon the Government of the Towne she examined who were Authours of the Rebellion and what Magistrates had been negligent or false and a Particular was brought her of all the Armes which she tooke from the People While the Governesse was thus imployed she heard Embassadours were come from the Electours of Saxony and Brandenburg from the Duke of Wirtemberg the Marquesse of Baden and the Lantgrave of Hessen which Princes the Hereticks that had lost all and fled out of the Low-countryes used as their last Refuge for Assistance The Governesse imagining what their businesse was sent Scaremberg her Secretary for the German tongue to meet the Embassadours and to desire that they would passe no further because their coming could not at that time be seasonable either for the City not yet throughly quieted or for the Governesse taken up with the Care of setling it That for the present it would be best to acquaint him with the heads of their Embassage and they themselves might come at another time more opportunely But they affirming that would not consist with the Dignity of their Masters were admitted and under pretence of attending them Courtiers and Souldiers were put upon them for Guards and Spyes The next day they had audience before the Lords and one of them after he had
natures had then demonstrated how they should be used when omitting all milder remedies he chastised his rebellious Country-men with Armes â—nd so reduced them But now it was not one City but all the Provinces had conspired against God and the King Nor because the Rebells sit still for the present are their hearts therefore brought downe but will resume their Armes when they are not awed by the Terrour of Revenge For the most venemous Serpents may be safely handled in Winter not that they have lesse Poyson but because they are more unactive it being now known by experience that for the same man to be an Heretick and a good Subject is incompossible Thus his riged disposition argued particularly discoursing how an Army might be raised and conducted and disputed all the policies advantageous for that Expedition which he being an old Generall and the rest of the Lords no Souldiers was of all the councell only able to argue And his Judgement was confirmed by Cardinall Spinosa who made a grave Speech complaining how the Holy Court of Inquisition was violated in the Low-countryes The rest were of the same Opinion all but the Duke of Feria who being nearer in Bloud then Affection to the Duke of Alva and of a milder nature differed from him altogether not denying but the Low-countryes needed some kind of Remedy wherein he dissented from the Prince of Ebora with whom in the rest hee concurred but that Remedy should rather be applyed by dexterity of Counsell that by force of Armes which would be more honourable to the Prince as if he made it not a businesse to settle his Dominions not making himselfe a party whilst fought with his subjects allowing them for his Equalls and more safe in relation to his Neighbours and Enemyes that would no doubt make use of the Low-country-Insurrections to moulder away the Spanish Power by their owne Victories Nor did that Allegation of the Emperours taking of Gant Ferdinand of Toledo Duke of Alva Governour of the Low-countreys Ro Vaughan sculp sufficiently conclude the Stubbornnesse of one City might be easily broken when the rest of the Low-countreys were obedient now almost the whole began to waver and in the same common cause and danger were ready to associate in their defence Many circumstances made for that warre which disswade from this Then the Germans were the Emperour's Subjects the English his confederates and the French his Inviters Now all those being obliged by no Right of Empire or tye of Alliance many of them differing in Religion all concurring in envy as they will quicken our troubles so they will retard our Assistance Therefore for the present omitting the thoughts of Punishment and Warre let some be sent into the Low-countryes that may narrowly observe and bring us a true Account of the present condition of the Provinces and let us in the interim give the Subjects Rest and time to come to themselves and take heed we doe not unseasonably teach them to use those Armes against his Majesty which they have imployed so often in his Service These considerations nearly resembling those offered by Prince Roderigo I suppose the Duke of Feria purposely kept back till the Duke of Alva had spoken that bringing them in as a new opinion he might side with Roderic Gomez whom he much affected But the King though he plainly favoured the Duke of Alva's Resolution yet being many did oppose it deferred or seemed to deferre the declaring of himselfe so long till every ones benefit should reconcile their diverse and clashing Opinions Thus bodyes are dayly formed when after long contention of the Elements some parts being remitted others consumed the whole is made adequate For Roderick Gomez laboured to keep the King in Spaine but though he disliked his going into the Low-countreys with an Army as dangerous howsoever unnecessary yet he found this advantage in it that if the Duke of Alva should be Generall which he easily supposed it would remove his Rivall from Court and ingage him in no slight Difficulties But Alva though in the first place he indeavoured to draw the King from Spaine making sure account he should wholly governe him in the Army yet he was well enough pleased to be trusted by the King though absent with the whole Warre and to leave Roderick Gomez behind in whatsoever degree of place or Favour For as it troubled him to see the King value his Merits lesse then the others person so was he ambitious of some Imployment where Warre and the Field might put a difference between those whom Peace and the Court had equalled Their Opinions therefore meeting in this point the King without further delay declared That he had long thought of a Expedition into the Low-countryes and whatsoever was alledged to the contrary altered not his Resolution but yet hee would not goe till some one sent before him should enter the Provinces with an Army not to affright the Obedience or Peace of his Subiects with those Armes but to use them as a Guard and Ornament to the Prince Shortly after calling for the Duke of Alva he gaue him the Command in Chiefe for that Expedition the rest of the pretenders willingly yielding to him an old Generall famous for many Victories When he had received his Commission the King immediately wrote to the Viceroyes of Sicily Naples and Sardinia to draw out three Regiments from their Spanish Garrisons to be sent to Millaine in the Gallyes of Garcia de Toledo To the Governour of Millaine his Majesty wrote to ioâ—ne unto them a Regiment out of that Province whither the Duke of Alva would shortly come with his new Spanish Levies that should supply the Garrisons from whence the old Souldiers were selected Likewise to the Duke of Savoy the King had formerly sent Iohn Acugnia and now dispatched Francis Ibarra that as the other desired a passage so this might procure Victuall for the Army Moreover Count Iohn Anguisciola went Embassadour to the Swisse and Anthonio Mendoza to the Duke of Loraine acquainting them with his Majestie 's Intentions and desiring Leaue for the Royall Army to passe without Molestation through their Territoryes For the King had changed his Resolution of sending them by Lyons Charles the ninth of France excusing himselfe pretending the Civill Warres and consequently the unsafenesse of the Passage Indeed the Report of the Spanish Army terrified many Countryes particularly Geneva who were made believe that Pope Pius had agreed with the Duke of Alva in his March to turne his Forces as he might easily doe upon the Geneveses and they were assured the Duke of Savoy would not lose so good an Opportunity That which I imagine bred the Suspicion was the suddain Embassage of Bernardino Mendoza sent to the Pope from the Duke of Alva whilst he stayed in Millaine Wherefore Geneva not only requested Aide to the common Cause from Bearne whose turne would be the next
held by the Prince of Orange and they ioyed in his Safety as if thereby the Lowcountreys were not left altogether Destitute Nay Cardinall Granvell at Rome hearing of the doings in Bruxells asked the Messenger whether the Duke had taken Silence so he called the Prince of Orange when he answered no he was not taken Granvell they say replyed If that one fish hath scaped the net the Duke of Alva's Draught is nothing worth But because all this was done without acquainting the Governesse before it could be divulged the Duke sent the Counts Mansfeldt and Barlamont whom he knew she Favoured and were yet in his House to tell her Excellence what was past and to excuse his secresie for he had concealed it by the Kings command to the end that no part of the Odium might reflect upon her who was concerned to preserve the love of the people under her Governement But this gave no satisfaction to the Governesse and though whilst they were present shee smothered her indignation yet deepely resenting it shee began to doubt that many such actions might happen for the future and the power being transferred to Alva she her selfe should only retaine the title and formality of Governesse that the Governement might appeare to be in one of the House of Austria Therefore upon receipt of new Letters signifying the King had put off his voyage for Sixe moneths longer that is till the beginning of the Spring her hope then failing and being daily tormented with sore fits of the Colick she sent her servant Machiavell to the King and disputing the imprisonment of Egmont and Horne briefely without complaint lest she might seeme distasted at it she beseeched his Majesty in regard of her Infirmities which made her unfit for cares of State to license her departure from the Lowcountries rather then stay her there with such limited and almost no Authority Whether it were advantageous to the King or handsome for her whom the King vouchsafed to call Sister to be subordinate to another She humbly submitted to his Majesties Consideration For her part she resolved so long as she lived to be wholy Governed by his Majesties Pleasure as became his most humble Servant This notwithstanding the Governesse omitted nothing which appertained to Civill Affaires For by resolution of Senate which she summoned the Duke of Alva being present she endeavoured to stoppe the Lowcountry-mens Flight which daily and still in greater numbers slipt away and tenne of the richest Merchants of Tournay intending to go into England by her Command weere clapt up prisoners and their Goods in the Port of Vlushing imbargoed and confiscated A while after the French Embassadouâ— as she lay upon her bed coming to kisse her Hands and making a grievous Complaint that Multitudes of Lowcountrymen flocked to the Prince of Conde and others that intended a Warre against the King she published an Edict against all Lowcountrymen that should assist the French Rebells The Embassadour not thus contented by Command from King Charles who was now almost ruined by his rebellious Subiects moved the Governesse for some present Forces out of the Lowcountreys And indeed it was but a reasonable Request for though the Causes of this Warre which the French Historians call the second Civill Warre of France were not all different from those of the first yet the Prince of Conde and Colligny the heads of the Faction grounded their pretence upon the Passage of the Duke of Alva's Army who faining to march another way intended the Invasion of France to destroy those of the reformed Religion For in the Conference at Baion they said it was so articled betweene Charles the French King his Mother Katherine of Medices and his Sister Isabella Queene of Spaine where the Duke of Alva was in person In pursuance of which Agreement the Governesse formerly had persecuted and quelled the Hereticall Party in the Low-countryes and now Alva himselfe was come with a strong Spanish Army that at the same time King Charles might ruine the Hugonots in France and the Spaniard their Brethren in the Low-countreys Wherefore the French Hugonots raising great Forces as if they would revenge wrongs received or at least stand upon their guard for the future first they seized diverse Townes and Cityes then laid a Plot to take the King himselfe lying at Meaux who very hardly escaping in the night and received into Paris there they straitly besieged him and cut off all Supplyes by Armes or Victuall endeavouring to bring their Prince into their Power At last drawing out their Army they gave him battaile at the Towne of Saint Denis and though they left the Field and fled and the Catholiques by consequence had the victory yet it was a bloudy one the King's Generall Annas Momorancy being slaine Notwithstanding they made greater Levyes for Heresie dayly increased and receiving strong Recruits from Germany reviv'd the Warre Which moved the King of France besides the men raised through his whole Kingdome to desire ayde for the defence of Religion out of Italy Germany and as I said out of the Low-countreys But the Governesse not willing to grant Assistance without knowing the King's pleasure gladly referred it to the Duke of Alva who remembring the Agreement for mutuall Succours made at Baion and thinking the French Embassadours ' Motion both honourable to the Spaniard and opportune for kindling Enmity between the Low-countrey-men and the French Hereticks whose minds would be distracted to see an Army come against them from the same place whence formerly they had supplyes he answered the Embassadour that the Senate had decreed Auxiliaryes as he requested which should forthwith march away and acquainting the Governesse with it he gave the charge of 2000. Spanish Foot and 1200. Horse most of them Gentlemen of Haynolt and Artoys to Iohn Lignius Count of Aremberg Some write that the Duke offered himselfe to be their Generall but such Assistance as it was likely to do would have begot a jealousie in the French that he came not as a Friend but as a Spy therefore as not expedient for either Kingdome that he should be absent from the Low-countreys it was by the Embassadour modestly refused and then Alva substituted another in his place Howsoever it were about the end of November Aremberg departing from Cambray three dayes supplications being made before he went for his happy Expedition joyned his Forces with the Marquesse Villeirs at Amiens from thence marching up to the King's Army he did his Majesty great Service in many Battailes till the French Differences partly settled by a Treaty he was commanded back to the Low-countreys by the Duke of Alva who then especially needed such a Generall and such an Army About that time Machiavell returning from Spaine brought her Excellence the King's Letters wherein after he had signified that three dayes before his Queen was brought a bed of a
fifth perceived when after the Resignment of his Kingdomes returning out of the Lowcountryes into Spaine he grieved exceedingly to see the Nature and Education of his Grandchild then but eleuen yeares old But King Philip having tryed many Remedyes at last made experience of the Vniversity of Alcala sending his Son Charles thither accompained with Don Iohn of Austria and Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma in hope that conversing with such a confluence of learned men as his body by the change of ayre so his mind might recover by the change of Company but Prince Charles being removed from his Father not from himselfe the sicknesse of his mind altered not with the Place but somewhat increased by an accident for falling form a high Ladder he pitched upon his Head and hurt his braine so dangerously as the Physicians despairing of his life they were ready to lay him out when the Body of the blessed Didacus being brought into his Chamber as he was a dying King Philip who had come post from Madrid vowed that if the already beatified Didacus recovered the Prince he would be an earnest Suiter to the Pope to give him the title of Saint Whereupon immediately beyond all expectation he was restored to life But this wrought no cure upon the Manners of the phantastique youth altogether differing from his Father Which made King Philip more harsh towards him and the Prince better pleased with any thing then his Fathers Sight This Aversenesse grew as the Prince did and the King dayly more offended and distrustfull of his Son from time to time put off the Match concluded beweene Prince Charles and the emperour Maximilianâ—s Daughter forbidding him to meddle with Affayres of State in that point of time when the Prince thought it but a modest Ambition for a youth of twentie two to expect the Crown From hence sprung his Hatred to his Father's Favourites and Counsellours which he thought were Spyes over him and told all he did to the King advising his Majesty to deferre the Match and to lay Commands upon him not to act in publique businesse for which hee somtimes threatened them with Revenge From hence likewise sprung his Favour and Patronage of such as hee knew had offended his Father and were by him deserted especially the Low-countrymen whose Embassadours the Marquesse of Bergen and the Lord Montiny were very gratious with him and often privately called into his Bedchamber and it is reported he defended their Cause more passionately then became him making them a Promise that he would himselfe goe into the Low-countreys to settle those Provinces And whereas the Governesse formerly complained to the King that many Letters of high concernement written to his Majesty in Spaine were returned into the Low-countreys to their hands against whom they were written I thinke it not improbable that it might proceed from that Familiarity betwene the Prince and the Low-country-Embassadours Sure I am when the Duke of Alva being to goe for the Low-countreys tooke his leaue at Court and came to kisse the Prince's Hand his Highnesse cast a terrible frown upon him and replyed No man should go thither but himselfe And when Alva said that he was sent before by the King to quiet the Tumults raised in the Lowcountreys where it was not safe to venture the Heire apparent to the Crowne The Prince in a rage drew his Dagger saying I will prevent thy Iourney The Duke hardly declined the Blow and when he saw the furious youth strike at him againe grasped him hard betwene his Armes in the posture of a suppliant kneeling and beseeching him not to offer Violence to an old and faithfull Servant but still notwithstanding his youth and fury the Duke held his Hands till the noise of their Strugling brought in the Waiters that were but on the other side the Hangings then the Prince withdrew From this time he resolved whether his Father would or no to passe into the Low-countreys and from thence to Germany to his Mistris acquainting his vncle Don Iohn of Austria and two others with his Resolution earnestly desiring them to go along Don Iohn shewing him how difficult it was and indeed impossible to be effected when he saw his perswasions wrought not and found the Prince obstinately bent upon the voiage imagining the King would know it by some other to whom the rash inconsiderate youth would impart his Counsell he himselfe ingaged the King by the Discovery fearing if he kept it secret he might be held accessary to the Princes Flight The King commending Don Iohn's Fidelity and being informed of his Son's Intention by many others and lastly by Raymont De Tassis his Majesty's Principall Secretary hearing that he had layed Horses at severall Stages for the Speeding of his Iourney remained in a sad suspence yet before he would fix his resolution his Majesty commanded Prayers and Supplcations to be made in all Churches of the Towne and desired the Advise of certaine great learned men well knowne unto him The Opinion of Martin Azpilcueta Doctour of Navâ—rre the famous Casuist for this of all the rest I have only seene was briefely that the King could not without grievous sinne neglect the safety of his Kingdome but it would be neglected if he permitted the Prince to go away who afarre off and therefore more confidently and and publiquely handying against his Father would distract the Kingdome into Factions and Partyes just as it hapned to Charles the seventh of France upon the difference betweene him and his Son Lewis when he fled into Burgundy But the Father was put out of his doubts by his Sons hast who as Raymond brought word had appointed the next day for his Departure Therefore the King would no longer deliberate but taking a long the Prince of Ebora the Duke of Feria and two others about tewlve a clock at night entred his Son's Bedchamber who was fast asleepe and taking away his Sword which he had laid under his Pillow baâ—e him rise immediately and blaming him that having frustrated so many gentle Remedies used by his Father he had forced him to a sharper course but more seasonable for his Son he opened his Cabinets and tooke out his papers discharged his old Servants and gave the Prince in custody to some of his owne chusing And now the unfortunate Prince who but a while since was continually waited on by the Lords and Grandees of Spaine striving to kisse his Hand seeing himselfe guarded by a few men and those Enemies that observed his words his looks and almost dived into his Thoughts after six Months when he found his Father not moved with Embassages in his behalfe from the Princes of Europe and Petitions presented from his own Kingdomes falling into a Sicknesse caused partly by an obstinate Refusall of his Meate partly by his sometimes intemperate eating and drinking Wine too much cooled in Snow
besides the distempers of his mind if he were not poisoned he dyed upon Saint Iames his Eue. Foure dayes before having for a long time equally slighted the cure of Body and Soule God turning his Minde he called for his Ghostly Father and confessing his Sinnes with great compunction sending one to his Father to begge pardon for his Disobedience holding a hallowed Candle in his hand gave up the ghost I know this Relation will not please some that greedily swallow downe the foulest Surmizes without any distinction or respect to Truth or False-hood for whose palates if I were minded to dresse my Discourse I might instance the Rebellion of the Moores at this very time and make Prince Charles their Incourager and say that he sollicited Selimus the Turkish Emperour by Michesius the Jew fled out of Spaine as I have formerly related I might like-wise move a jealousie that the Faction of the Low countrey Covenanters was assisted by Prince Charles and might interpret that to be the reason why they resolved to send into Spaine many thousands of Calvins Catechismes translated into Spanish whereof the Governesse as I told you sent Intelligence to King Philip Pope Pius the fifth wrote to his Majesty that some Chest fulls of them were found at Lyons and Tholouse Nor should I passe over the Death of Queene Isabella Wife to King Philip there being but a few moneths between the Prince his Death and her's as if their too much Familiarity for Isabella should have beene marryed to Prince Charles had been the cause of both their fates Lastly I might tell you how the Prince had a designe upon his Father's life either out of affection to the Crowne or hatred to the King grounding my conjecture upon common fame which spread to farre that to my knowledge this verse of Ovid was used to that purpose in the Low-countreys first applied as they say by Opmerus FILIVs ante DIeM patr Ios InqVIrIt In annos Wherein both the Prince's Fact and the yeare of his Death are expressed in numerall Letters But this kind of learning as darke and intricate I willingly leave to those Writers that by Interpretation of such Oracles are ambitious to be famed for acutenesse of wit and divination they seeming to me besides their uncertainty to have no colour of Truth For not to speake of the Love betwixt the Queene and Prince which if it had been true the King to breake that League would have hastned not put off the Princes Marriage with his Cosen-german if the Prince had plotted any thing against his Father he might every day have executed it by himselfe and with his owne hands as being young and coming resolved against an unprepared old man or if he would have raised Tumults and called in help no doubt but he had needed many hands and consequently when the Prince fell those of his Party I suppose could not have stood yet the Princes Death was the losse of no mans Life Nay the King to lessen the envy both of his Son's Imprisonment and Death knowing himselfe aspersed by diverse persons in particular by Mary the Empresse the Prince's Aunt and desirous to match her Daughter to the Heire of so many Kingdomes would he not have pretended the cause of such Severity to have been his Son 's impious Designes Notwithstanding in his Letter to the Empress he denyed that his Son was found guilty of any â—reasonable Intention but said it was fit he should be imprisoned for his own howsoever for the Kingdome 's Good And a few dayes after his Son's Commitment sending the President of his Councell of Castile to the Archbishop of Rossana the Popes nuncio he assured the Bishop from the King there was no other reason of that Change as the Bishop himselfe wrote to Cardinall Alexandrino in the President 's wrods then his Majesties Resolution to prefer Religion and the Safety of his Subjects before his owne bloud which compelled him in a manner to sacrifice his only Son lest he should have been more than ingratefull for the great benefits God had bestowed upon him Afterwards his Majesty inserted in his Letters to forreine Princes and to his owne Kingdomes that the Rumour spread abroad of a Plot which his Son had upon his life was idle false But this fortune proved peculiar to the two Charles'es the Grand-father Grand-childe that the one's Desire to resigne and the other 's to invest the Soveraignty very much busied the wits of Writers The Low-countrey-Lords and Commons affrighted with the King 's forrein and domesticall Severity every man as his conscience accused him shifted for himselfe few hoped for Pardon many thought of Armes and Revenge In so much as Alva himselfe hardly escaped at the Monastery of Greene-vaile to which he was going in devotion an Ambush being laid in the woods by Ressorius Nohott to surprize him by the way And when he came thither he was in danger to have been murthered in the very Monastery by Charles Ressorius his Brother who had taken the habit of a Monke pretending feare of the Duke Iohn Lignius Count Aremberg Governour of Frisland Generall at the Battaile of Hilligel The death of Count Aremberg incouraged not the mind of the Prince of Orange and the Confederates more then it exasperated the Duke of Alva and hastened his March into Friezland to prevent Lewis of Nassau from joyning forces with the Prince of Orange But the Duke fearing that in his absence some Tumult might be raised in favour of the Lords his Prisoners freed himselfe of that suspicion especially being inraged for the losse of Count Aremberg at the newes brought him that Grave Lewis had hanged many Spaniards in Revenge of his Brother Adolph's Death And though diverse of his Friends did not so well approve his Resolution but indeavoured to perswade him there was no danger of a Tumult in the Low-countryes so long as he had for his Security such Hostages as those Prisoners And that it was no more to be doubted that the Low-countrey-men would out of their affection forceably attempt any thing for the Liberty of the impeached Lords then it was to be hoped that the same affection would disswade them from stirring lest by a popular offence they might wrong those Noble-mens private cause Yet the Duke of Alva despising this Advise as one that long experience had made jealous and of his owne nature was averse to other mens counsells which he looked upon with the aspect of a retrograd Planet especially when they offered themselves on the first of Iune Nineteene noble Covenanters were condemned of High Treason by the Councell of twelve and by the Duke of Alva's Order beheaded in the Sand-market at Bruxells Eight whereof dyed religiously the other Eleven like Hereticks as they were obstinately and therefore the bodyes of those were buryed but the other all but
restored their Churches to the Catholiques as they did Noâ— was it lesse needfull to give some way to them at Tournay and in Tournacese the Hereticks being there the stronger party That they justly opposed the Cardinall as pernicious to the Government of the Provinces That Casembrot was retained in Egmont's Family for the Service he undertooke to do against the Church-Robbers That Tournay being then well pacified had no use for Beavor and therefore they consulted about sending him away especially being requested so to doe by those of Flanders Thus in order severally and respectively they answered to the other parts of their Impeachment which if I should but run over would be an infinite worke Count Hornes particular charge consisting of 600. heades How they cleared themselves I define not Truly I know many of those very Objections were made against them both to his Majesty by the Governesse Nay their designe of dividing the Provinces I find to be discovered euen by the Bishop of Osnaburg in Westphalia who gave intelligence thereof to the Governesse by Cobell one of his Councell adding that he heard it long since from Count Suarzemburg cosen to the Prince of Orange and by George Holly a German Colonell when they were merry at Supper where they said the King of Denmarke would put in for a share All which the Governesse inserted in her Letters to the King as we have related in the yeare 66. Notwithstanding the people giving their Judgement either out of hatred to the Duke of Alva or out of love to Count Egmont acquitted him and laid all the fault upon Alva as one that envied Egmont his old Rivall in the Warres They likewise reported that he bare a grudge to Count Egmont because long since the Count won many thousand Crownes of him at Dice and afterwards in a publique Solemnity when they shot at markes for a wager the Duke of Alva lost it the Low-countrey-men shouting for Joy that one of their Nation had the victory over a Spanish Generall Which Stories either false or little trifling matters yet remembred by the vulgar were brought in to foment their pitty And I verily believe in the processe of this Triall a greater Odium was cast upon the Duke then he deserved Nay I have read how it was affirmed by very worthy men that after their sentence was brought out of Spaine Alva wrote to the King that he was every day slower to put it in execution because he fore-saw what mischiefe would insue and that the King incensed against Egmont partly for the promise of his Faith made when he was in Spaine but not performed partly for the many complaints against him writ to his Majesty by the Governesse and aggravated by Cardinall Spinosa then the great man at Court blamed the Duke of Alva's Slackness commanded him according to former Order forwith to dispatch him Yet the Duke deferred execution til the Prince of Orange invading Brabant he was forced to meet him with his Army Perhaps this Relation may not gaine like credit with all persons but howsoever no man's Malice to Alva shall deterre me from writing what I have from good hands receive'd As also the peoples Favour to Egmont shall not make me omit the clearing him of a Crime which I find by many obiected against him That he received great Summs of money which made him winke at diverse things acted in his Provinces such as he being a military man and not considering of what dangerous consequence they were to Religion did not imagine to be so preiudiciall to the Church Yet this offence not touched in his Impeachment wherein nothing was pretermitted either by negligence or out of Favour I suppose to be a Fiction Howsoever Egmont and Horne were brought from Gant to Bruxells the third of June and by the Duke of Alva President of the Councell of twelve the King having inabled him by peculiar Commission to exercise Authority over the Knights of the Golden-Fleece Sentence of Death was pronounced against them and Martin Rithovius Bishop of Ipres sent to acquaint them with it and assist them in their â—ast necessity And Egmont though it much troubled him he should come to an end so farre below his Merits yet collecting himselfe as became a Valiant man and only carefull of his Wife and Children wrote in French to the King The Copy of which Letter sent by Christopher Assonvill to the Governesse I here give you Sir since you are pleased that Sentence of Death must passe upon your humble and faithfull Subiect and Servant who never aimed at any thing but your Majestyes Service for advancement whereof as my past Actions testify I neither spared my paines nor fortunes but to a thousand dangers have exposed my life which never was so pretious to me but that if it might any way be offensiue to your Majesty I would a hundred times before this have exchanged it for death Therefore I doubt not but when you shall fully understand the Carriage of Businesse in these parts you will clearly perceiue how iniuriously I have beene used whilst they have perswaded your Majesty against me in things that never entred my Imagination I call God to witnesse and I pray that he will revenge it upon my soule that must this day appeare before his Iudgment-Seat if I have neglected any part of that which I beleive'd to be my Duty towards my King and Country I therefore beseech you Sir I that shall petition your Majesty no more that for the Reward of all my painefull Services you will please a little to commiserate my Wife and eleven Children with the rest of my Family which I have commended to some few Friends yet left me And presuming your Majesty out of your native Clemency will not deny me this I go to suffer death which I willingly imbrace assuring my selfe my end will give many satisfaction From Bruxells the fifth of Iune at two of the clock after midnight in the yeare 1568. Your Majesties most humble most faithfull and most obedient Subject and Servant prepared to dye Lamorall Egmont This Letter for the King hee gave to the Bishop of Ipres and confessing his sinnes to him spent the rest of the night in reconciling himselfe to God and arming of his minde to suffer The like did Count Horne assisted by the same Prelate and other Divines In the morning being Whitsun-Eve a Scaffold hung with blacks was set up in the Market-Place guarded with the Regiment of Iuliano Romero whereon were laid two Cushions before a silver Crucifix About Nooneday Count Egmont was brought thither accompanied with the Bishop of Ipres and Romero after some few prayers he put off his Damaske-Gowne threw away his Hatt and speaking a few words to the Bishop fell upon his knees before the Crucifix and his night-cap being pulled over his eyes the Executioner that lurked under the Scaffold and was once as it is said his
footman strucke off his head Presently after Count Horne with the same constancy was by the same Executioner beheaded both their heads being for two houres set upon two speares for the City to behold Their Bodyes were immediately carryed into the next Churches and the day after together with their Heads sent to the chiefe Cityes of their owne Provinces and there honourably buryed The miserable Death of Count Egmont for he was generally beloued was lamented by the Low-countrymen with greater Spleene then Sorrow Some whereof despising danger dipt their handkerchers in his bloud and kept them either as Monuments of Love or Incitements to Revenge Others kissed his leaden Coffin and without any feare of an Informer publiquely threatened Vengeance Insomuch as diverse Person noting the Low-countrymen's Violent affections to his Memory and their detestation of the very name of Alva said that by Egmonts death the Confederates were first established and foretold that all the Lowcountreys would in a short time contrary to the Duke's Expectation be involued in Tumults This Prediction gave credit to the report that presently after it rained bloud in the Fields about Lovain the Multitude easily believing what their Hatred supposes to be done in Heaven And indeed there are that doubt not but it would have beene more policy in the Duke to have made their Execution private and not presented that distastfull Scene and Pompe of Egmont's Tragedy to the people For they doe ill that make the Favourers and Pittyers of the Cause Spectators of the Punishsment But Alva resolving to make an Example of Terrour which hee then thought necessary slighted Hate or Envy It is reported the French Embassadour who privatly beheld the Execution wrote to King Charles that he had seene in the Market-place at Bruxells his head struck off whose Valour had twice made France tremble intimating the losse of the French Nobility at Saint Quintin and Graueling the first of which Battailes was almost the second altogether purchased by the Courage and conduct of Count Egmont He dyed in the fortie sixth yeare of his age leaving by Sabina of Bavier to whom he was married at Spires in presence of the Emperour Charles the fifth eight Daughters and three Sons the eldest inheriting his Fathers Vertues the second nothing but his Hatred to the Spaniard the third who was faithfull to the King only left Issue to the Family He had a Brother that followed the Emperour Charles into Africa and dyed in Italy a Sister marryed to Count Vadamont Mother to Frances Wife to Henry the third of France The Nobility of his House was antient their Power much greater once when the Dukes of Egmont were Lords of Gelderlandt He tooke his name from Egmond a Towne in the farthest part of Holland neare the westerne Shore of which he still wrote himselfe Count though he was Prince of Gavera a Towne upon the banke of Schelt not farre from Gant Charles the fifth created him knight of the Golden-Fleece King Philip trusted him with the Governement of the most noble Provinces of Flanders and Artois He was a man for the Heroicall Vertues of his mind and body worthy a farre better Fate though the very infelicity of his Death as Compassion looks upon all things through a multiplying Glasse did not a Little increase the opinion of his Vertues Nor was it any disadvantage to his Children restored by King Philip to all their Father 's personall and reall Estate But Philip Count of Horne who was likewise Knight of the Golden-Fleece dyed foure yeares elder then Count Egmont his Brother the Lord Montiny being for the same Cause condemned and beheaded in Spaine whither he was by the Governesse sent Embassadour with the Marquesse of Bergen Nor was Count Horne of a lesse noble family then Count Egmont being descended of the French Momorancyes and had courage equall to his Honour as appeared at the Battaile at Saint Quintin and in the magnificent discharge of two great offices of Admirall and Captaine of the life Guard Hee first tryled a Pike under the Emperour Charles the Fifth to whom he was a Subject for Horne an Imperiall Castle betweene Gelderland and Brabant whence he had his Title of Count though he was possessed of many other Townes and Castles within the Kings Dominions Indeed his death could not have beene moderately lamented but that Egmont had consumed all men's Teares After this the Duke of Alva resolved to move speedily to Friezland sending before with part of his Forces Chiapino Vitelli his Campe-Master-Generall who entring the Groine Valiantly defended that Towne against Lewis of Nassau that sate downe before it Then the Duke in person having payed a Souldiers Duty to Count Aremberg and with the sad Military Ceremonies waited on him to his Grave went about the end of Iune from Bruxells to Antwerp leaving Gabriel Serbellonio there in Garrison with eight Companyes of Germans for defence of the Fort and Towne At the Bus he stayed till Cressonerius came up with seaenteene Field-pieces marching thence in the beginning of Iuly he passed the Mose at Grave from thence he went to Arnhem in Gelderland and so to Daventry in Over-Ysell where he rested a while till his Scouts should bring word if the Bridges wer strong enough to beare the weight of his Cannon they had not rid farre but hearing Drummes beate a pretty way off and presently discovering foure Ensignes they galloped back to the Duke and told him the Enemy was coming hard at hand though he could not well believe it yet because his Scouts of several Nations brought the same Intelligence he forthwith commanded his Colonells and Feild Officers to set his men in Battalia and sent out others to discover the Enemyes nearer Aproaches and their number These were no sooner in the Field but they saw foure gallant Banners displayed and as many Waggons covered with Canvasse and greene Boughes in which a Bride marryed that morning who dreamed not of a warre was riding towards the next Village with a great sort of countrey fellowes leaping and playing about her When this Newes was brought to the Army they made not better Sport at the Folly of the Scouts then they did at the simplicity of the Country people when an Army was so neare them and all that suddaine preparation for a Warre being changed into Mirth they entertained the Bride in her passage with a Volly of Musket-Shot The memory of this Accident is still fresh in the mouthes of the Wallons who ever when they send out their Scouts if they shew any Feare in their Returne aske them in a military Ieere if they have seene the Bride But the Duke of Alva angry at this delay and sharply rebuking them that were the Causes entred the Groin on the fifteenth of Iuly about Noon-day and at that very houre without alighting or changing of his Horse he himselfe attended with a few others rode
the Mose the Prince of Orange advanced to Tongeren thither presently marched the Duke of Alva to defend the Towne neither incountring nor declining him only having an eye upon his Motion and Designes It fortuned that Vitelli with two Troopes of Horse about Sun-set going to discover the Enemy fell upon an Ambuscado and with a rout and the losse of some men returned safe to the Army only the Mare he rode upon had a slight hurt and because he loved her above all the Horse in his Stables she being an excellent galloper that night when he was set at Supper with his old Friend and Companion Raphael Barberino telling him with much vexation how fearefull he was to lose her he threatned if he liued one day longer to make the Enemy repent that ever they hurt his Mare Nor was it a vaine bragge for next morning by breake of day drawing out some horse most of them Spaniards and Burgundians when he observed the Prince's Rere to March at a distance from the Army dividing his Forces and giving halfe to Camillo Gonzaga Count de Novellaria he fell upon the Enemy with such a suddaine violence that he killed about 400. of their men lost only fifteene of his and tooke besides diverse Waggons loaden with Armes and Ammuniton 150. of their Horse and bringing in triumph to to the Duke of Alva said Looke you Sir how many Horses my Mare hath foaled Notwithstanding the Prince of Orange the very next day offered battaile to the Duke but he assuring himselfe the enemy would sooner want meate mony then confidence held it his safest course to break them with delaies which inraging the Prince sometimes with Crosse-Marches he turned upon the Duke sometimes to draw him on sounded a Retreate as if he were affrayd his men had gone too farre and a while after fired the Townes and Villages in sight of the Enemy to bring the demurring Spaniard to a battaile But this Hannibal found a Fabius Cunctator one that could be moved neither by the desperate fury of the Enemie nor by his own men's impatience and almost downe right Railing for this Dictator had likewise his Master of the Horse that was eager to fight nor lastly by the invitation of any prosperous fortune But as a prudent man looking upon the Future he preferred not Rumour before safety and would rather have the victory which he promised himselfe slow and secure then dubious and bloudy Especially after he had intelligence that shrew'd signes of discord appeared in the Prince of Orang's Army Nor was the Duke of Alva deceived in his conjecture For the Prince of Orange having but to no purpose sounded the affections of many Cities from whence he hoped for Money and Ammunition had not been a full Moneth in Brabant before his Souldiers mutined Captaine Malburg being slaine in a heate by his own Company and the Prince himselfe had a Pistoll discharged upon him but the bullet lighting upon the Scabberd of his Sword escaped the Danger The rage increased in the Campe and would not easily have found a stop but that newes of Succour out of France gave hope to the Prince of Orange and struck feare into the Mutineers His Army therefore moved with all possible speed to receive the French Forces conducted by Francis Hangest Lord of Ienlis consisting of 500. Horse and 3000. Foot In his March the Prince of Orange tooke Centron in the Territory of Liege where he found plenty of victuall besides the great summes of money for Fine and Ransome paid him by the Abbot of that Monastery and diverse other persons of quality From thence he went directly to Tienen to joyne with Ieâ—lis that was come within three miles of the place But because the River Geta ran between them to secure the passe he placed some light horse upon the banke mixt with Musketteers The Duke of Alva that never left the Enemy was at his back with an Army of neare upon 16000. Vitelli led the Van and finding the Prince of Orange his Designe sent Barberino on the spur to the Duke who brought up the Rere to let him know in what condition the Enemy was and how easily he might be routed as he passed the River The Duke commanded him not to fight till he had more certaine intelligence But the Enemie wading over with part of his Army was now possessed of the farther banke and had left behind under the command of Colonell Philip Marbet Lord of Lovervall two thousand Fire-locks and 500. Horse most of them Gascoignes and Wallons men chosen out of his whole Army to keep the King's men in play with continuall skirmishes till their fellowes were got to the other side the River Vitelli angry to see the Victory slip out of his hands by the Generall 's Delay with a great part of his men fell upon the Regiment lest commanding Barberino to gallop to the Duke and acquaint him with his Resolution The Duke of Alva disliked it not rather because it was already then that he wished to have it done and turning to his Son Federick said thou seest that Hill made good by their Horse thither thou must fire upon them from this opposite Hill with six Field-Peices and with some commanded men chosen out of that Wing of Spanish-Horse and Foot beat them from their Post. Federico did more than his Father bad him for he drave them from their Vantage-ground and joyning with Vitelli turned his Cannon upon them which very much contributed to the Victory For now they fought with like but not with equall Forces because such of the Princes men as had not yet passed the water terrified with the charge and fearing Alva had come on with his whole Army sometimes resolved to take the River and fly sometimes incouraged by better men returned and fought that between the irresolution of fighting and flying so many were slaine as Vitelli doubted not but if all the Spanish Army might passe the River the Enemy that day would be totally destroyed and therefore tooke great care to let the Duke of Alva know so much who standing on a higher ground very sparingly sent downe his men Nor was Barberino that of himselfe as well as on Vitelli's Command desired to fight lesse carefull to deliver his Message and use his best perswasions to the Duke for the taking of that opportunity He told him the valiantest of the Enemy were slaine and the rest apparently conquered for their hearts were gone therefore if the whole body of the Army advanced before they were reincouraged by joyning with the French no doubt they would be clearly routed But Alva angry at the hast made by Vitelli as if he meant to force him to a battile like one that loved his owne wayes and therefore brooked not another man's Advise said to him you will not then let me dispose of the Warre
State was committed to him alone and he only would be carefull of it In the meane time they ought to obey his just Commands and call to mind that diverse Cities ingaged in the Rebell 's cause might be fined if he so pleased in farre greater Summes then he demanded Now therefore with cheerefull obedience they should redeeme their Delinquencies the rather since he looked not after the money for his owne use or to send it into Spaine to the King but only therewith to defend and secure the Low-countreys against the danger of the times He likewise tooke away the priviledges of diverse malignant Cities charged others with Garisons and struck feare into them all In so much as most of the Provinces consented to the 100. part some commuted and bought out that Tribute with ready money But many taking time to deliberate dispatched Agents into Spainâ— petitioning to be eased of the tenth part but the hundreth part more they were not able they offered to pay Which Affront though Alva deeply stomackt yet fearing the power which his Enemies at Court had with the King he thought it best to dissemble his indignation And to win the Peoples hearts he resolved at that instant to publish what he had long deferred a General pardon for the late Tumults Three yeares before Margaret of Austria had earnestly sollicited the King to grant them This Pardon because she saw that every day many Low-countreymen in feare of punishment either left the Provinces or there conspired with some of their own Faction as if with their Number their Safety would increase because a Multitude is easiest pardoned and where all offend none suffers But the King not sending the Pardon under Seale till two yeares after to the Duke of Alva and he delaying Publication till another yeare both of them lessened the favour by protraction Howsoever Alva omitted nothing that might gloriously set off that benefit to the Lowcountrymen For going to Antwerp he commanded Supplications to be made in the great Church of our Lady he himselfe in a rich habit after Sermon which was preached in Low-Duch by the Bishop of that City being present with all the Lords of the Councell at the Archbishop of Cambray's Masse Towards the end of the Sacrifice the Archbishop read Pius the fifth his Letters wherein he absolved all those that had complied with the Hereticks Vpon which subiect-matter the Bishop of Arras made a Speech in French exhorting the people to give thankes to God for that mercy of the Pope and King and for the indeavours therein used by the Duke of Alva their Governour Whilst he amplified this point he was taken with a suddaine qualme and carried out of the Pulpit diverse persons making a superstitious Construction of the Accident as if he had undertaken a cause that Fortune favoured not In the Evening the Duke attended with a great Traine of Lords and Gentlemen came into the great Market-place filled with an infinite Crowde his Souldiers guarding the Streets and standing mixt among the Townsmen Then his excellence ascending a Theater sate downe in a golden Throne having on his hallowed Sword and hat which I told you were sent him by the Pope pretious both for their Consecration and their Iewelles and commanded the Cryer that stood by him to read the King's Decree wherein his Majesty granted the Low-countreymen an Act of Oblivion and Indemnity The man read it in French and Low-Dutch but with such a hoarse vnaudible Voyce that very few understood him Which was perhaps an Accident perhaps so ordered by the Duke who had rather the Low-countreymen should measure the benefit by the greatnesse of Pompe and the glorious Newes of a Generall pardon then by the Decree it selfe containing so many Exceptions But the just contrary hapned For the people upon sight of so magnificent a preparation promising themselves all they could desire whatsoever fell short of their Expectation they accounted as taken from them Besides the Multitude that looked on and could not get neare the theater not knowing how farre the Pardon extended to particulars were easily deceived by such as watcht there on purpose to extenuate the Kings Favour And many of those that stood neerest by reason of Clauses of Exception not yet thinking themselves sufficiently secured were observed to depart very melancholique and doubtfull and contrary to the Duke of Alva's Expectation no bonefires were made that night to signifie their Joy and thanks In the mean time Princesse Anne daughter to the Experour Maximilian came into the Low-countreys she having beene after the death of Charles Prince of Spaine to whom she was promised espoused to his Father Philip it being fatall to that Prince to have his designed Wâ—ves either taken from him in his life time or after his death enjoyed by his owne Father The Duke of Alva was an earnest Suiter to the King for leave to waite upon the Princesse into Spaine thinking it would be an honour on so good an occasion to quit the Low-countreys which by beating the Enemy he had sufficiently preserved for the present and secured as he thought for the future by the Forts which he had built And though at first the king consented not yet in the end displeased at some thing done by Alva in his Governement and that he had not as he was commanded published his Royall Pardon for those Tumults if Count Mansfeldt long since alienated from Alva wrote truth to the Dutchesse of Parma his Majesty resolved to call him away from the Low-countreys and named his Successour of the Bloud Royall Iuan de la Cerda Duke of Medina Celi Viceroy of Navar who notwithstanding came not till two yeares after and then presently resigning the burthen of the Low-countrey Warre to another he himselfe returned into Spaine At which time it was the common newes that Cardinall Granvell ioyned in commission with Mary Princess of Portugall Wife to Alexander Farneze should succeed in the Governement of the Low-countreys though all their Wishes were fixed upon her mother in Law Margaret of Austria Dutchesse of Parma But the Duke of Alva before the designation of his Successour leaving the businesse of conducting the Queene into Spaine to Maximilian Count of Bolduc Admirall of the Belgick Seas and sending in his owne Place his Sonne Ferdinando de Toledo Caesar Davalo and Mondragonio with his Regiment all of them a while after returning into the Low-countreys but only Caesar Davalo who served Don Iohn of Austria in the battaile of Lepanto and the Warre of Tunis In the meane time the Duke himselfe fell againe upon his demands of the tenth and twentieth part on conditions which he had often altered and the people as often refused with like willfullnesse of both sides The Low-countreymens obstinacy was increased by their intelligence that Alva had but a little time to stay among them which the People wished and
therefore easily believed so as their feare of a falling man was lesse and his indignation greater in regard he thought they insulted over his departure Another cause of their dissent was the new and suddaine Calamity of the provinces For upon All-Saints Eue the Sea excessively swelling and in some places overflowing in others bearing downe the banks such a prodigious and unheard-of Deluge covered certaine Islands of Zelandt a great part of the Sea-coast of Holland and almost all Friezland as that Inundation which forty yeares before is said to have swallowed up threescore and twelve Villages was not so high as this by a foote There was not only an incomparable losse of Fortunes but of men In the very compasse of Friezland twenty thousand persons were drown'd sunke and swept away at the rising and falling of the water which at both times was alike mercilesse whose bodies with the Carcasses of Cattell House-hold-goods and broken ribbs of Ships floated over the Fields the Land now being indistinguishable from the Sea and as they affirme presenting to the eye a modell of Noah's Flood I find in the History of Friezland that many men who had climed to the tops of Hilles and Trees ready to give up the Ghost were timously saved by boates which the Magistrate sent out to gather up the remainder of the Ship-wrack Among the rest upon a hill by Sneace they found an Infant carried thither in the Cradle lying besides a Cat and soundly-sleeping neitherin feare of Ship-wrack nor the Flood The Duke of Alva moved with this losse of the maritime parts of the Low-countreys for some months forbare to presse the point in Controversy not resolving absolutely what generall future Course to hold For his Court was divided in opinions Arguments were held on both sides the wiser sort disputing That his reason deceived the Duke who perswaded himselfe the Treasury could be supplyed by the Excise which would impoverish the Provinces therefore was not likely to continue long That the Duke had done ill to boast in in his Letters to the King how he by a compendious way by Excise had found out the Golden Mines of Peru for he would have noe better fortune then King Antigonus his Treasurer who upon the discovery of a Kind of Spaw at Edepsus which cured such as dranke the water when he imposed a Tribute upon all that used it his Coveteousnesse was immediatly deluded the Well and impost drying up together And the like Tribute being set upon Merchandise in the Lowcountreys would in like manner lose them all the benefit of Trading How much more considerate was Charles Duke of Burgundy that when he thought to impose the hundred part upon all vendible Commodities being told what prejudice would follow by the departure of the Merchants transferring the Mart into some other Counâ—rey abrogated the Innovation And when Commerce was gone what could remaine to the Netherlands but solitude from their owne poverty and slavery from their inriched Neighbours On the contrary some argâ—ed that the Treasury being exhausted by a Warre maintained by the Spaniards not willingly but upon compulsion necessitated by the Tumults raised within the Provinces it was therefore requisite the Provinces should defray the Expence especially at this time when the English threatned them with hostility Others as they had put the Duke upon the Project of the tenth part so they affirmed that it concerned him to be constant to his resolution pretending it was for his honour but indeed aiming to bring upon him the Envy and hatred of the Low-countreys in order to his Ruine Whose Counsell as sutable to his rigid nature he obstinately followed Wherefore threatningly complaining that the Low-countrey-men were so stubborne meerely in contempt of the King's Majesty without further delay he commanded the Edict tempered and qualified with new moderation but now immutable to be published at Bruxells where by reason of his presence he expected their rediest obedience But they unanimously resisted In so much as they shut up their Shops and all that day the Bakers Butchers and In-keepers would sell nothing The Duke passionately inraged to see before his eyes in the principall city and place of terrour such confidence in the people that very night commanded some of them to be hanged upon their Signe-Posts And now the Souldiers were in Armes and the Hang-man ready with a Rope when the Messenger that brought newes of the taking of Brill by the Gheuses like a god coming downe upon the Stage untyed the knot of that intricate and dismall Tragedy For Alva struck with that unexpected losse at last gave over the odious dispute for two yeares together continued with no other fruit but that aggravating their hatred to the Spaniard it ripened the Plot of their Revolt Indeed it plainely appeared how great a provocation to Rebellion Taxes are when people having other grievances have that burthen added For the Low-countrey-mens complaints of Alva's Pride and Cruelty went no further then hate and execration so that lately when the Prince of Orange came with an Army the Cities though offended with the Duke of Alva sent no Assistance to the Prince For punishment falls but upon a few and by how much it spurrs on the multitude with hatred by so much it curbes them with feare But Taxes are accompted every man's particular Losse and they that be therewith grievously oppressed lose their feare together with their fortunes and not regarding future prejudice seeke a Generall meerely to defend themselves from present injury and dammage This hath beene the familiar practice of other Nations but particularly of the Low-countrey-men whereof the major part especially the Hollanders were antiently exempt from all Taxes and Contribution being reserved by the Romanes like their armes only for the warres as we read in their History Nor of old was there any other cause of their Rebellion under Tiberius Caesar but that Olennius their Governour inhaunsed the small Tribute which they formerly paied and when it was inhaunsed did severely exact it With whom their prayers and petitions not prevailing their refuge was a Warre which for many ages they obstinately maintained against the Roman Generalls And truly when I looke upon the Counsells of the Prince of Orange that so often cast the Dice in hope to win the Government it seemes his Fortune never smiled till the occasion of this Tribute was presented For he stirred a little in the time of Margaret Dutchesse of Parma raising those Insurrections about the Bishops the Inquisitours and the Councell of Trent Yet these being composed by the King's grace and goodnesse and the greater part of the Lords adhering to the Governesse fearing Count Egmont especially would not suffer him of his Friend to become his Prince he durst proceed no further at that time But when the Duke of Alva by his Severity lost the hearts of the Lords and
among the rest had impeached and condemned the Prince of Orange then he joyned the common cause as he strove to make it with his owne and openly tooke up Armes safe in point of reputation because there was one to whose execrated name the Warre would be imputed But the Cities being terrified with the suddaine punishment inflicted by the Duke the Prince of Orange found by experience that in the new Impression of a feare whose first Fit is the strongest and by continuance lessens till it be shooke off it is to no purpose so long as the humour that hath weakened the people is undigested to sollicit them to rebell But when the Cities as well those that continued faithfull to the Spaniard as those that stood suspected were pressed to pay Taxes the hatred of the Generality increasing overcame their Feare the people growing more confident when they heard that the Duke of Alva must be gone Then the Prince of Orange knew his time was come for maturing a Rebellion and founding of that Government which he had long designed Therefore whilst Alva fixt all his Care upon raising the Taxes the Prince of Orange laid hold of the opportunity to draw the people from their obedience to the King and incouraged by the secret Intelligence which he had with many Townes ready to revolt levied Souldiers at his leisure and kindled such a fire of Warre in the Low-countreys as for so many yeares space could never be put out with the ruines of battered Cities nor extinguished with a torrent of bloud The Warre was begun upon the Sea of Holland as if they had now already found their strength and were sensible from the very first in what part they should establish their Dominion And notwithstanding this Rebellion was often intended and attempted by the Gheuses as well those of Corporations called the City Gheuses as the High-way-men called the Wood Gheuses yet the Water Gheuses for so they were commonly called were they whose fortunate Audacity carried it The Commander in chiefe of these Water Gheuses was Count William a Marcha Baron of Lumè professing his enmity to the Duke of Alva in his Colours wherein was painted ten pieces of money to inflame the fury of his men by putting them in mind of the tenth part The first that tooke Commissions with him were William Blosius Treslong Lancelot bastard Son to Brederod Bartholomew Entese Sonoi and diverse others These had Letters of Mart from the Prince of Orange and orders to scoure and rob the Sea-Coast of Holland and Friezland And out of hatred to the Spaniard and desire of Free-boote whereof the Prince of Orange was to have a fifth part they executed their Orders and robbed from the mouth of the Ems to the English narrow Seas where if at any time they met with Ships too strong for them or fled before a Tempest they commonly secured themselves in some English Harbour But the Queene her selfe refusing to protect them as common Enemies upon request made to her by the Duke of Alva they having boarded and taken a Biscaner were by tempest driven into Vorna an Isle of Holland the People supposing them to be Merchants cast upon that Coast by the Storme Where imboldened by their late perills they fell upon the Brill a Port-towne of Zeland and before the Townsmen were aware that they brought Warre not Merchandise with unimaginable successe no man resisting they tooke the Place upon Palme-Sunday and Lumè leading them on broke the Saintes Images in pieces and omitting no kind of Irreverence to holy things or Orders so fortified the Ports that when Count Bolduc Governour of Holland by Alvas Command came against them they not only gave him a strong Repulse but likewise Willam Treslong with incredible Confidence fired some of his Ships accidentally severed from the Fleete Vpon report of the taking of this Isle as if the Scarlet Colours had beene hung out for Signall of battaile to the Provinces t is not to be told what wonderfull changes through all the Low-countreys immediately insued For many Cityes favoured the Covenanteers some invited them others stood neutrall and would neither admit of Alva nor revolt from the King A few were sensible of their Allegeance and tooke armes for the Spaniard Dort the Chiefe City of Holland when Count Bolduc fled thither and demanded entrance for his men it being cunningly given out that the Spaniards were upon their March to distraine for the tenth part would not let him in but shut their Gates against him as an enemy Vlushing a port Towne of Zeland and the bulwarke of the Ocean upon an Exhortation at Masse made to them on Easter day in the morning by the Parish Priest who hated the Spaniard perswaded them to maintaine their Liberty turned out the Spanish Garrison with such a popular fury as they hanged Colonell Alvarez Pacecho Kinsman to the Duke of Alva at Treslong's request in revenge as hee said of his Brothers death foure yeares before beheaded by Alva's Order and the Hereticks themselves were earnest to have him put to death that Vlushing might not hope for pardon from the Governour 's just Anger A while after Enchuysen lying over against Friezland which among the chiefe Ports of Holland had till then continued loyall revolted from the Duke Enchuysens example was follwed by Horne Alcmar Edam and other Townes of North-Hollandt And in South Hollandt Goude Oudewater Leyden Gorcom So that besides Amsterdam and Schoonhoven that were still faithfull to the Spaniard the Duke of Alva lost almost all Holland and a great part of Zeland which had so shaken off the terrour of his name that they wrote publique Libells against him and assoone as Brill was taken pictured him with a paire of Spectacles put upon his Nose by Lumè standing behind his back for the Low-Duch call Spectacles Brills and they have a jeering Proverb when they hamper a man that they put Spectacles on his nose and a Snaffle in his mouth These Figures therefore signifyed that Alvas Severity was now bridled But they that made them little dreamed what a world of Mischiefe hung over their heads in the hand of this great Generall one that despised such ridiculous toyes And though some of the Cityes I have named wavered at the very first resolved to rebell not resolved to whom they should submit yet partly despairing out of the greatnesse of their crimes committed against the Church and Churchmen partly out of an obstinate determination never to indure the new Taxes they finally came in to the prince of Orange and as if he had beene their Kinge Lumè moving it tooke an oath of Fidelity to him From him they received their Garrisons Shipping and Armes he disposed of all places of Government made Lawes bestowed an ordered the Revenues taken from the Clergy such Multitudes out of France and Great Britaine flocking
thither in hope of plunder that within lesse then 4. Months in the Port of Vlushing lay a Fleete ready rigged and manned of a 100. 50. sayle which made diverse bold Attempts upon Townes and Shippes of the Spanish party wherewith in ten yeares space during which time they had many Sea-sights the Hollanders were but once overcome to be for ever after Conquerours as the Spanish Historians themselves affirme So that it seemes these were but prelusory Victoryes by which at this time the Hollanders Strength by Sea exceedingly increased Thus at last the water brought forth this new Common-wealth Ambition being the Mother Heresy the Midwife and Terrour like Thunder making her fall in Labour before her time Truly when this last Occasion of Rebellion was controverted the Bishop of Namure writing to Margaret Dutchesse of Parma concludes that the tenth and twentieth part was the price wherewith the Prince of Orange purchased the Maritime Provinces and his new Principality But in this so thick and suddaine a Defection of Cityes though the newes of losse upon losse extreamely vext the Duke of Alva for in Zupthen Overysell Gelderland and Friezland the Successe of the Prince of Oranges Kinsman William Count Bergen was no lesse fortunate the Cityes and Townes there being partly taken by storme partly submitting out of Affection or Feare Yet whilst the Duke of Alva only thought of keeping out the French and prepared against a Land-Winde not against a storm from Sea nothing more amazed him then to heart that Lewis of Nassau had taken Mons the chiefe City of Haynolt by the assistance of the French because he doubted this was the beginning of a war which it was cōmonly reported Charles K. of France perswaded by Lewis of Nassau and Gaspar Colligny had designed against the Low-countreys For King Charles having concluded a Peace with the Hugonots and received the greatest of their Faction into his Favour and Grace at Court suffered himselfe as it was said to be overruled by the Admirall Gaspar Coligny so farr as to send forces into the Low-countreys to assist the Nassaus And now the Drum was beat for them in France and because Colligny was to be Generall by the Kings appointment he invited to Paris the Flower of the Hereticall Nobility under pretence of doing honour to the King of Nauarre at his marriage with the King of France his Sister but indeed hoping to strengthen himselfe by the accesse of those Lords diverse of which and those the subtillest of the Faction were loth to trust themselves in the Kings power and wondered that Coligny who a few yeares before when the King sent for him to Court returned answer that in France there was no Count Egmonts should now with so much confidence come in person and be the Decoy to bring his fellowes to the Royall City and into the King's hands Notwithstanding the Admirall because he saw Mons taken by the French the Peace with Spaine broken and a Peace for that end concluded with the Queene of England not doubting but the designed warre would follow raised as many forces as he could possibly get among the German P. laboured to undermine the faith of the Low-countrey L. by a certaine Instrument of his tryed to corrupt Alva's Campe-Master Vitelli promising him the place of greatest honour and benefit in the French Army if he would in time come over and serve the King of France ready now to possesse himselfe of the Lowcountreys And And after his first Repulse when Coligny sent againe and shewed himselfe as impudent a Buyer of anothers faith as he was a Seller of his owne Vitelli inraged at the receipt of more Letters by the fame Messenger in his presence sealed as they were threw them into the fire and bad him get out of his sight and carry back that Action for an Answer to the Admirall his Master The Duke of Alva informed by Vitelli and advertised from the Spanish Embassadour in France of the Designes and hourely proceedings of the Hereticks at Paris though he could not at first believe the King of France to be an enemy being privy as some write to the King's Plot against the Hereticks yet hearing of the losse of Mons he thought it best to confide in the King no longer therefore neglecting the Warre from Sea he sent his Son Federico and Chiapino Vitelli with part of his forces before to besiege Mons he himselfe with the rest of his Army resolving immediately to follow When Federico came neare the Towne some commanded French Horse sallyed out lest the Spaniard should sit downe without resistance Indeed they conceived it a punctillo of honour to give the Enemy proofe of their valour before they be coopt up within Walles works Though in that skirmish Vitelli was shot in the left Thigh which was no little grief to the King's men yet they lodged the Army in the place he had appointed The next day after they had intrenched themselves they found in their quarters certaine Women of Mons that came under colour of selling herbes to discover the strength and resolutions of the Spaniards All which by Federico's Order had their petticoates cut off above the knee a military punishment wherewith the Spanish use to shame that Sex not unlike the old custome of the Ammonites and being first carried through the Campe and laught at they were with this Disgrace sent back to Mons. A while after the Monastery D'espine which was fortified by the Towne in regard of the neare distance was twice assaulted by the Spaniards who at last after hot dispute beate out the Garison and tooke it The Admirall this while omitted no endeavours to relieve the besieged listing Horse and Foot upon the Borders and appointing for their Commander in chiefe as he said by order from the King Iohn Hangest Lord of Ienlis Brother to Francis de Ienlis lately slaine Who though advised by a letter sent post from Lewis of Nassau not to fight till the Prince of Orange was joyned with him impatient of Delay and of a partner that must share the honour of delivering the Besieged and being incouraged by the cheerefulnesse of his Army consisting of six or seven thousand at St. Gislen not farre from the Towne besieged with more Valour then Discretion he gave Battaile to Duke Federico who omitting no duty of an Active Generall defated him with the losse of almost all his men That day the boldnesse of Vitelli was admired who not being as yet cured of his wound and neither able to go nor stand neverthelesse could not be perswaded to keep his Tent but made himselfe be carried upon a hand-barrow which he saw by chance and so sitting ordered the battaile with the Generall Federico planted the Ambuscadoes and did all that belonged to the Campe-Master's place Then appearing in the head of the Army among
into the Tents that were next at hand with great Terrour and Slaughter and before the Enemy could bring their men together no lesse then foure hundred of them were slaine or burnt for they fired their huts that were thatched and with this victory retired Doubtlesse the Execution had been greater but that the fire which at first affrighted them presently after discovered the Stratagem whereupon many Spaniards as they were easie to be known being all in white were cut off some of which running before their Companions got as farre as the Prince of Orange's Tent who had a Dogge lying by him on the bed that never left barking and scratching him by the face till he awaked and rose in the meane time his men came in The rest of the night was spent in feare and care by breake of Day his Army moved and he by long Marches passing the Rhine came to Delph in Holland Not long after Lewis of Nassau who was the most astonished and stricken at the Admiralls Death because he had perswaded him to trust himselfe to the King upon his Royall word yielded up the Towne to Alva upon no contemptible Conditions and went to Dilemburg the chiefe Seate of the Counts of Nassau Alva having taken the Towne ere he had lyen three Months before it though at the same time whilst he besieged it he himselfe was besieged by the Prince of Orange it so much advanced his fame by conquering Enemyes on both sides him that he recovered all the Prince of Orange had gott in Flanders Brabant with more speed then Clemency fining some Townes sacking others Particularly Mechlin a very faire and rich City awhile before yielded to the Prince of Orange was exposed to the fury of the King's men that pillaged it for three dayes together But even that Calamity wanted no good Presidents The Souldiers carryed most of their Plunder to Antwerp and sold it according to their ordinary course dogg-cheape Whereupon a priest of the Society of Iesus exceedingly beloved by the Townsmen of Antwerp meeting some Factours his Friends told them of a greate bargaine to be had and fit for Christian Merchants if with their money they would redeeme the Plunder of Mechlin which the Souldiers had sold for little or nothing and returne it to the Owners at the Price they themselves paid for it for so the men in misery would be lesse sensible of their losse which if it came into the Brokers hands would cost dearer And in the meane time the Merchants should be no loosers in their money but great gainers in their fame even among men but with God no doubt this kind of Traffick was most advantageous These religious Merchants liked the Motion The greater part of the plundered Goods were bought for a small Summe not standing them in above 20000 Florens wheras they were prized at 100000. At the Rates which the Merchants paied the Owners had them againe only some few Parcells their Proprietaries not appearing were distributed among the poore Nay as there is a certaine pleasure in relieving the necessitous the same Merchants making a Purse upon the same Priest's Exhortation bought great store of Victuall and therewith lading a â—hip sent it to the Poore at Mechlin In that Ship which is more to be admired I finde the Souldiers perswaded by the same man besides other household stuffe laid aboard above a hundred rich Vestments which they freely presented to the religious men and Women But notwithstanding the Duke of Alva scaped not the Peoples Curse's for that Plunder Though by his Letters soone after published he laid the fault upon the perfidiousnesse of the Mechliners who to frame a pretence for yielding to the Prince of Orange had a while before refused a Garison from the King But in Gelderland Federick acted with no lesse Valour then Dispatch though with more Cruelty then his Father His storming and plundering of Zupthen brought such a Terrour upon the rest of those Provinces that Count Bergen before victorious within a month after flying all the Rebells Garrisons being mouldred away left him the whole Countrey This while in Zeland Colonell Mondragonio with 2000 commanded men chosen out of the whole Army passed his Foote over the Sea that was about fiue Miles broad and with admirable Courage raised the Siege before Tergoes at the Mouth of the Schelt and partly killing partly routing the Enemies Forces tooke the whole Island of Zuid-Beverland Which exploit is rendred much more gallant because Mondragonio doubled it with another of the same nature but of more danger passing his men to Schelt an Isle of Zeland the naming whereof shall serve instead of a further Relation of this great Attempt But the destruction of Nardem upon the Borders of Holland brought a farre contrary Successe to the victorious Federico For howsoever that Towne by reason of their foule Rebellion and â—iding with the Hereticks deserved to be made a singular example yet the Revenge exceeded their demerits for being all put to the Sword even the weake and innocent their houses fired and their Walles levelled with the ground it was not a Punishment but a Crime The newes of that Ruine augmented by the cunning of the Gheuses was told with so much not terrour but hatred of all the Hollanders never to be forgotten towards the Spaniard as their mindes being hardned with despaire they were resolved to suffer any thing rather then do what Alva would command them Particularly Harlem a noble City of Holland which Federico had attaqued invited by the convenience of the faithfull Towne of Amsterdam not onely with scorne rejected the pardon he offered them but receiving a new Garrison from the Enemy to cut off all hope of Reconciliation publiquely renouncing the old Religion breaking the holy Images violating and robbing the Churches they held out eight months Siege with equall contempt both of the enemie and their Lives In so much as Federick despairing of successe would have returned into Brabant but that Alva grievously offended at his Son's Irresolution wrote to him that if he thought of going he himselfe though he were carried in his bed would come or in case his Sicknesse so increased that he were not able to remove he would send for his Wife out of Spaine and give Her a Commission to be Generall instead of her Son But though the young Duke out of countenance with this Reproofe used all kindes of Stratagems to take the Towne yet they every day more bold and stubborne omitted nothing defensive or offensive dayly shewing their contempt by new reproachfull and insolent expressions Many times they hanged their Spanish Prisoners over the Walls in sight of the besiegers And when the Leaguer shot into the Towne a maâ—'s head with this writ upon it the head of Philip Conin that came with 2000. men to relieve Harlem and afterwards another
fault upon himselfe when he had fought unfortunately at Harlem charged the States with his Misfortune because they were slack in paying of his men and almost in plaine words threatned to fall upon them with his Army Therefore by Command from the Prince of Orange who as I conceive looked not with equall eyes upon the man boasting himselfe to be the sole Infranchiser of Holland he was put out of his Lieuetenant-Generalls Place which was conferr'd upon Willam Battemburg and being reduced to the quality of a private man with Entesius and others of his Followers was committed Prisoner And after his release being convicted of a Plot against the States of whose ingratitude he published his Complaint in Print That he who had freed the Maritime Provinces and taught the world by experience that the Spaniards were conquerable should be rewarded by the Hollanders with such Vsage he was condemned as well by the Prince of Orange's Sentence as by a generall Odium to depart the Low-countreys And foure yeares after when he had once more taken up Armes against Don Iohn of Austria losing the battaile of Gemblac he fled to Leyden and there bitt with a mad dog or poysoned at a feast dyed this wickedly stout man The surrender of Harlem as it is the common fate of Conquest gained by long Sieges brought more Fame then benefit to the Spaniard For the Army being not a little wasted and retarded with some mutiny Duke Federico sitting downe before Alcmar upon the approach of winter was forced to leave the Seige Nor was there any better fortune at Sea The confederated Gheuses in a Sea-fight taking Maximilian Henin Count of Bolduc Governour of Holland and Zeland and Admirall of the Belgick Seas an actiue Souldier and very intimate with the Duke of Alva In that Fight it is reported Count Bolduc's Admirall the Hollonders called her the Spanish Inquisition forsaken by the rest of the Fleete for 28 houres together fought with twentie saile of the Enemy and her men brought from the Number of 300 to 80 and those all but fifteene wounded at last was forced to yield Yet this losse was recompenced with some Townes reduced by the Spaniards in South Holland and at the Hague they tooke Count Philip Marnixius Aldegund a man of great place and account among the Confederates insomuch as the Prince of Orange threatned whatsoever was done to Count Aldegund should be suffered by Count Bolduc In the meane time Lodovico Requesenes came from the Government of Millaine into the Low-countreys guarded only with two Regiments of Italian Horse under the Command of Mutio Spaganio and Pedro Busto He was by the King appointed Successour to Alva because Iuan de la Cerda declined the Government despairing that any good could be done in the Low-countreys so leaving both the Burthen and the Enuy upon Alva And he with his Son Federick returning immediately to Bruxells delivered the provinces and Armies to Requesenes and December being now begun imbarqued for Spaine after he had six yeares governed the Netherlands All the Hereticall Commanders were not equally pleased with his departure it troubled some of them who conceived his Fortune was decreasing and that the people could be moved to Rebellion with no stronger Provocative then their Hatred to the Duke of Alva But the Prince of Orange that Publiquely hated and privately admired the Duke was glad to be so ridde of him never hoping to compasse his Designes whilst he had Alva for his Enemy Nor were the Catholiques all of one minde For some thought his Departure a happinesse being irreconciliably distasted at him because as they sayed he had found the Lowconntreys brought to a peaceable Condition by Margaret of Austria and by his Cruelty to the Lords Exactions upon the Commons had left the Provinces troubled and exasperated and they feared that as from thence Holland and Zeland tooke occasion to revolt so the rest of the adjoyning Provinces infected with the same Contagion would have shortly renounced their Religion and Obedience But others in a kind of middle way as the Romans said of Augustus Caesar that he should either not have beene borne or not have dyed affirmed that it was to be wished Alva had either not at all come to the Lowcountreys or had not departed at that time when the Prince of Orange had fortunately matured his Plot and could not be taken off by an amicable way nor broke more surely by any Armes then his who no lesse prudently then valiantly when the Prince entred the Provinces with such great Armyes had twice beat him out But the King of Spaine contrary to the Low-countreymen's Expectations and the Desires of some Spanish Courtiers very gratiously received the Duke Though some were not moved with such Formality knowing it to be king Philip's Custome to Countenance before others what his Ministers had done But supposing that his Indignation then raked up in Embers would in time breake out and that it did so some yeares after when the Duke was confined to Vzeda I confesse I rather thinke the greatest part of Alva's Actions in the Low-countreys was done by Order from the King and therefore merited not his displeasure or if he did erre his Service was more considerable then his Errour in the King's account into whose Favour as the accesse was rare and difficult so the possession was firme and lasting And that there was evidently no other Reason for the Duke's Confinement but because his Son Federico had promised Marriage to one of the Queen's Maydes of Honour and by his Fathers Advise marryed another Lady whereupon the King in a rage banished the Duke of Alva to Vzeda Which Misfortune and what greater could happen to a man in the highest Grace at Court manifested beyond al mens Imagination the wonderfull equall Temper and Gallantry of his minde and though he was accompted a great person whilst he stood yet being falne like a prostrate wall was thought greater lying on the ground Certainely he deserved that his Misery should at last be turned into his Glory For after the decease of Henry the last of the Kings of Portugall King Philip resolving his Army should move thither and doubtfull whom to make Generall passed by many that stood faire for the Imployment chusing the Duke of Alva not without the admiration of the world to see him trust a man discontented by long Banishment to command in Chiefe in the greatest Warre he ever undertooke Nay it is reported that Alva himselfe glorying to the Messengers that brought his Repeale said he wondred that for the Conquest of a Kingdom his Majesty should have use of a fettered Generall Diverse thought this more proudly spoken tâ—en became an Exile but the King tooke it well as he that looking upon his Actions easily pardoned the freedome of his Words Nor was the King deceived in Alva
suspected the Low-countrey men unanimously petitioning for the removall of the Spaniards For the Prince of Orange who had assured himself Don Iohn would never send away the Spanish and consequently never be admitted Governour over the Low-countreys when he heard the Spaniards were departed Don Iohn with a great and generall joy inaugurated at Bruxels whither Embassadours daily came to him from neighbour-Princes the Queen of England her self sending Edward Horsey Governour of the Isle of Wight and that he likewise saw the Prince and Senate by their Commissioners required him with the Provinces Holland Zeland which onely were not included in the League to subscribe the perpetual Edict the man that would upon no conditions part with the Dominion he had now got into his hands answered That the Provinces with him confederated were in conscience barred froÌ„ consenting with the rest to the maintenance of the Romish faith and being pressed by Duke Areschot for he was sent to the Prince of Orange to ratifie the common League he said he could not do it for which his reason was the Faith of Calvine presently putting off his hat and laughing he said to the Duke Do you see this bald crown let me tell you there is not more Calvisme on my head then there is Calvinism in my heart Then applying himself wholly to his business he sent Letters Messengers to the Senators the Delegates of the Estates and all his friends pitying withall reviling them What did they intend whither were their courages judgements fled that they had admitted Don John not onely not inlarging but not so much as swearing to preserve their priviledge Were they so much taken with empty forms of Courtship as not to observe the Bird-call that by sweetnesse of sound brings the free creatures of the air into the net They had now sufficient experience that new Men came out of Spain not new Manners for in that Shop they were all cast in the same would But above all the rest they should beware of this Gentleman puft up with his Imperiall bloud fortune in the wars which if he now dissembled stooping to the civility of a private person the more it goes against the hair with a haughty and tyrannicall nature the sooner would his hypocrisie be laid by and their slavery inhaunsed No proud man carried ever himself like a servant to any over whom he did not hope to be a master Why hath he got a Guard if he be so popular as wholly to confide in the affection of the Subject Can any one doubt whither all these excessive bounties and promises tend wherewith that princely Merchant loads men of merit and no merit Yet some there are who notwithstanding they see this general Munificence traffick for the liberty of the Low-countreys think that fre-men sell themselves into bondage at a considerable rate Wherefore let them look into the man they will find it impossible that he should love the Low-countreys who betrayed to King Philip the Patron of the Low-countrey Lords Charles Prince of Spain The Prince of Orange not thus contented by those he imployed abroad particularly by Teronius Vascho lately come over to his party made it be privately rumoured That the Spaniards and forrein soldiers whose departure had been so longed for by the Low-countreymen let them not deceive themselves lay part concealed in the Province of Luxemburg part stayed in Burgundie part fought against the Hugonots in France and from these places exspected Don Iohns Orders for their immediate return And it was held more credible because of Don Iohn's Escovedo's Letters intercepted in France and about that time published at Bruxels which they said contained complaints to the King against the Estates Reasons for the necessity of a war an humble suit for money to that end All which aggravated by a large printed Comment of the Prince of Orange took away of much of Don Iohns Authority and estimation that whether his Bountie ebbed or flowed when their minds were once possessed with jealousie they interpreted all in the worst sense Those very men to whom he had shewn extraordinary favour advancing them to honours and great pensions on a sudden alienated from him not only shunned his sight as if all his graces had been poured into colanders hearts with holes in them but openly railed at aspersed and now endeavoured to prove themselves disobliged to him by their hatred of him Thus are unsound mind like unsound bodies the more you feed the more you poyson them Nor did the Hereticks leave their knavery thus but represented his words and actions as things of meer design Nay to some that wondered at his unexampled condescentions they told it as a secret That the Low-countrey-men had no great reason to trust the Oath so willingly taken by his Highness for confirmation of the perpetuall Edict Because he had sworn before he came out of Spain not to consent unto any thing in the Low-countreys prejudicial to the King By which Oath he had preing aged himself and as his Religion taught him the later being contrary to the former would not oblige him as being of no validitie A Doctrine long since preached in many Courts and now practised by Princes So the Florentines were deceived by Charles the viii of France who having sworn to deliver Pisa to them when they claimed his promise answered that he had first sworn the contrary to the Pisons When the Prince of Orange found this to work according to his wishes thinking Don Iohn that had parted with his Spaniards and lost the hearts of the Low-countreymen might easily be oppressed he left it to be acted by Philip Mornixius de Saint Aldegund whom he sent to Bruxels for that purpose and by William Horn Lord of Hese both undertaking either by force or stratagem to seiz upon his Highnesse and carry him into Zâ—land Which attempt though it was consonant to the rest of Aldegunds life a man ignominiously wicked who when he was a boy was Calvins auditour and now he himself being an old man preached to others nor less agreeable to the manners of the Lord of Hese especially since the removall of Don Iohn from Bruxels would be much to his advantage that was for be Governour of the Town who being afterwards condemned to lose his head it was thought practised the like against Alexander Farneze Duke of Parma Yet whether they really plotted it as Don Iohn understood from many credible authours or rather by the Prince of Oranges direction were contented with the fear resulting from the report of such a plot I dare not positively affirm For to breed enmity between Don Iohn and the Low-countrey Lords which was the Prince of Oranges end the means would be all one whether they intended or onely gave out that he should be taken prisoner the former being an odious thing
and fit to be revenged by his Majestie the later a subject for jealousie not easie to be discovered and which perhaps might be thoughâ— pretended by Don Iohn seeking colour for a warre And truly this artifice succeeded as the Prince of Orange could have wished For Don Iohn when he found his authoritie every day lessening the generall Odium increasing and his life sought as he was made believe by strange contrivances resolved to stay no longer in Bruxels but considering of some place where he might defend himself or offend the enemie pitched upon the Castle of Namure strong both in fortification and situation and very convenient for receiving forrein forces Therefore upon discovery of new plots against his life he hastned to Mechlin under pretence of ending the controversie between the Treasurers and the German Souldiers about their pay Yet not thinking himself in safety there he took an occasion of waiting upon the King of France his Sister in her journey to the Spaw if she came for nothing else but to drink the waters and with a great train of Gentlemen met her at Namure Where after he had treated her like a Princesse and brought her on the way the next morning as if he were going to hunt he rode upon design to the Castle of Namure and highly commending the place which he had never seen before being invited in by the Sonnes to Count Barlamont Governour of the Province with the Governour of the Castle his good liking entred with his retinue and presently seizing upon the arms changed the Garrison bidding the Governour fear nothing because he said it was no violent invasion of another mans proprietie but onely a just recovery of the Kings Right Then turning to the Companie he called that Day the first of his Government for till then he had injoyed nothing thereof but an airy Title Acquainting them likewise with the reasons of that action he complained of the many affronts offered to him and shewed them two letters of intelligence that advised him of dangerous conspiracies protesting he retired to that Castle for his own securitie not with intent to alter any thing in the State already settled Then writing to the Deputies of the Estates and sending them with those letters that discovered the plot Maximilian Rassinghem the constant messenger between both parties he explained the cause of his departure to wit that his future Government might be more safe for and worthy of him The Deputies of the Estates and the Senatours variously interpreted the action Many grieved that it cut off all hope of accommodation A great sort rejoyced that hereby Don Iohn himself sounded the Alarm to a war in forcing them to take arms against a naked Generall and therefore commended the plot timously and well laid by the Prince of Orange to whom they ascribed the insinuation that counselled him to this flight Yet all for fear the King might charge them with the revivall of the warre presently dispatched away letters and messengers to Don Iohn beseeching him to satisfie his triviall fears and jealousies and if he pleased to return to Bruxels promising exactly to examine the conspiracie if such there was against him Don Iohn denied to go back till the Lord Hese that had set afoot many practices against him impiously ingratefully for Don Iohn had given him an annuall pension of 6000 Florens together with the people of Bruxels should lay down arms till Aldegund and Teron sent by the Prince of Orange to surprise him were driven out of Bruxels till the Deputies of the Estates that seemed to hold a correspondence with the Prince of Orange had renounced his friendship and compelled him all juggling set apart according to the publick agreement from which he unjustly dissented to subscribe the Pacification of Gant and the perpetuall Edict Writing this to the Provinces and naming not onely divers which he said had conspired against him but likewise some persons of qualitie and honour among whom was Duke Areschot who had given him much intelligence of that kind he made it appear that his jealousie was not triviall nor feigned also sufficiently nor falsely laid open the Prince of Oranges subtiltie who meerly by those discords indeavoured to oppresse the Catholick Religion and the Kings Authoritie But in the mean time upon discovery of Don Iohns design to seiz the Castle of Antwerp lest as he heard it might be delivered to the Prince of Oranges Emissaries or to the Estates Lodwick Blosius Lord of Treslong Lieutenant-Governour of the fort being taken prisoner and the souldiers that favoured Don Iohn not without the slaughter of some of them beaten out the Castle came into the hands of the Estates Whereby both parties being exasperated and many threatning Papers on each side published whilst the Estates call God and Men to witnesse their desire of Peace and that it was Don Iohn who pretending fear at conspiracies sought to raise a warre Don Iohn on the contrary attesting that he had domonstrated his affection to Peace by sending away the Spaniards disbanding all his other forces and leaving himself no means men or munition for a warre Both parties in case a warre should follow strove to clear themselves of being the Causes and to avoid the Odium omitted not to shew at least a pretended care of an accommodation Wherein they were industriously assisted by Vernerus Gimnich and Levinus Torrentius Embassedours from the Duke of Iuliers and the Bishop of Liege But Don Iohn took the most pains to bring about a Treatie in regard he was unprovided of souldiers and uncertain of his Majesties resolution He therefore spun out the time in delayes till Escovedo whom he had sent into Spain should bring him an answer of his letters A little while before Philip Sega came Nuncio into the Low-countreys sent thither from his Government of Pisa by Gregory the thirteenth For his Holinesse hearing the Provinces stood upon conditions with Don Iohn which he must swear to before they would acknowledge him for their Governour dispatched a Nuncio whose prudence he relyed upon to be with the Prince in time lest he should by a law passe any thing prejudiciall to Religion And likewise that when he saw a peace concluded he might animate Don Iohn according to agreement betwixt his Holinesse and the King to the Voyage for England But the Nuncio finding Don Iohn had already signed the conditions of the perpetuall Edict and was notwithstanding ingaged in Domestick troubles likely after a little time to break forth into a warre so as there could be no exspectance of a forrein expedition did all that remained for him to do confirmed the young Prince not onely with his best advice but which more advantaged him with fifty thousand crowns a summe designed by Pope Gregory for the warre with England but which by His Command was to be forthwith presented
to his Highnesse a supply the more wellcome because so seasonable to him then destitute both of Men and Money Nor did the Nuncio fail to visit the Deputies of the Estates and the Senatours but passed from Namure to Bruxels where delivering as she had in Command his Holinesses letters and fatherly exhortations to the resuming of their former Concord and Obedience which letters were received with more magnificence then dutie many of their minds being long since possessed with the spirit of heresie a refractorie and sullen disease that may with lesse difficultie be kept out then shook off In the mean time Don Iohn by letters from the King being injoyned if an accommodation could no way be made strenuously to maintain the Catholick Religion and the Royall Authority with assurance that he should not want an armie had notice that the Prince of Orange was sent for to Bruxels by the Estates and created Protectour of Brabant by the old name of Ruart of the Province an Office very like that of Dictator among the Romans or Manbure among the Leigeois This Officer the Brabanters said they were authorized to elect by the priviledges of the Ioyfull Entry though as farre as I observe in their Annals besides Anthony sonne to Philip Duke of Burgundie when Ioan the widow of Duke Wenceslaus governed Brabant chosen Ruart by the three Estates of that Province and besides Philip Count de Saint Paul whilst Duke Iohn and his wife Iaquenette were at difference whom the Brabanters rebelling against the Duke created Ruart that people never made use of such a Magistrate And because both those Ruarts came at last to the power and authority of Dukes the Prince of Orange might by their example hope that one day the titles of temporary modestie laid aside the House of Nassau might be Dukes of Brabant and he the first For this presumption Don Iohn failed not bitterly and speedily to reprove the Citie and the Estates by his Embassadour Gaspur Schetz Lord of Grobendonch Likewise a while after receiving other Letters post from the King by the hand of Philip Sega sent at that time Nuncio out of the Low-countreys into Spain in the place of Ormanetto wherein the King commanded the Deputies of the Estates to lay down Arms not to admit the Prince of Orange and to obey the perpetuall Edict Don Iohn sending them a copy of the Letter seriously wished them maturely to advise upon it whilst they had time and not to provoke their Prince his just displeasure to the ruine of their Countrey and themselves But when instead of Answer they would return nothing being wholly governed by the Prince of Orange but complaints and threatnings Don Iohn applyed himself to thoughts of violence and Warre as some conceived not unwillingly For having lost all hope of quieting these Provinces by indulgence and liberality an Honour forfeited by the former Governours of the Low-countreys which he laboured to recover when he found that his clemency prevailed not but the Magistrates authority waxed his waned and was rather a kind of entreaty then command his life exposed to the daily injuries and plots of wicked men He not able to suffer their affronts having been accustomed to command great Armies and finding his hands tied both at home and abroad weary of such a life was glad to lay hold of that occasion and rather chose an open Warre then a miserable and unsafe Peace Indeed it was an Argument of a mind highly offended and incensed that a Man of such experience in the Warrs would enter into hostilitie at a time when he was in strength so much inferiour For of all the seventeen Provinces onely two Luxemburg and Namure continued faithfull to him The Nobility Clergie and Magistrates a few excepted were all confederated with the Estates Not that they renounced their Religion or Loyaltie though there was then a world of such Apostates but some to ingratiate themselves with the People greedie of Libertie and still maligning their Governours part bought with promises by the Prince of Orange and being kinsmen to him many thinking Don Iohn quite disarmed and running away followed the partie of the Estates as safer A great sort held their cause to be likewise honester conceiving all Don Iohn of Austra's jealousies and fears to be onely pretences for the justice of a Warre Therefore by Letters to the King they accused him for endeavouring to ingage the Low-countreys upon vain suspicions It seems we must not beleive Treason to be plotted against any Prince that is not slain Nor could he then raise an Army able to contest with theirs For on the one side those few Germans he had retained in the Low-countreys some Companies of Spanish now called out of France where they fought for the Crown and divers Wallons and Burgundians hardly amounting to the number of four thousand When on the other side they had at that present no lesse then fifteen thousand which as it was proposed in their Councel of Warre and to which end they marched from Gemblours if they had presently advanced to Namure no doubt they had beat Don Iohn weaker in Men and Munition out of the Town and Fort. But as in consultation where many heads are laid together whilst they in the field disputed away their time they gave Don Iohn opportunity to strengthen himself with new succours For the Ruart the Prince of Orange after that Dignitie was conferred upon him would do nothing before Brabant was settled that their neighbours might be secure in Holland He therefore instituted at Bruxels and in the Towns adjacent Magistrates according to the Hollanders new model By his advice the Fort at Antwerp was dismantled as to that part which commanded the Town with so great a rejoycing of the People and such a crowd of voluntary Labourers that women of the best quality could not be kept within doors but they would come in the night to see the men at work till for abominable things committed in their drinking and dancing the night-work was prohibited by Edict But their Joy was never at the heighth till they came to the triumphall Brasse-statue of the Duke of Alva laid out of the way in a private corner of the Fort. They tumbled it into the Court hackt it with their swords hewed it asunder with axes and as if they had at every blow drawn bloud and put the brasse to pain pleased themselves with an imaginary Execution Some carried home fragments of the broken Basis and hung them up in their Halls as if they were the enemies spoyls and would signifie to Posteritie a kind of revenge taken upon the Duke The metall as before it was melted out of Cannon into Alva's statue so afterwards the Statue was again cast into Cannon and restored to its own nature Onely one thing displeased many as if Alva being wholly composed
enough nor was it necessary his Souldiers should purchase that by other mens Consultations which shortly would be their owne by the Law of Armes Howbeit to mix Clemency with Threats he bade him tell the Limburgers that he would not deny them an houre 's Deliberation but if they dallyed any longer he would come with a Mischiefe to them and breake off their Debate The Cannon scarce left playing when a Croud of Women appeared upon the Walls with their little ones in their armes their hands lifted up to the furious Assailants and begging Peace and Pardon on their bended knees In the very same houre the Limburg-Commissioners though the Governour would have hindred it securing the Lives and Fortunes of the Townsmen and Souldiers rendred the City and Castle to the Prince of Parma All the Garrison about 1000. taking the new Oath were entertained into the King's service Only the Governour infinitely detesting the basenesse of his men was suffered with his Wife to go for Aquisgrane But Prince Alexander entring the Towne and viewing the new Fortification defensive Bulwarkes and Sconces turfed and pallisadoed stronge as Castles with all that had been done upon the place by the ingenious Engineer besides 15 great Brasse-Cannon and many lesse as also no little Magazine of Armes and Ammunition then measuring the greatnesse of his Victory he himselfe gave thanks commanding the like should be solemnly done by the Army to God the God of battailes by whose Favour a Towne of that Strength not to be taken without much paines cost and losse as 't is usuall of the best Souldiers so easily and without bloud ignorant of its owne power had yielded to him The same day the Prince of Parma appointed his great Officers to attacque the remaining Cities of that Province some one some another And all within a few dayes obeyed his Summons except Dalhem that was stormed Thither Prince Alexander sent Camillo a Monte with a Letter exhorting the Towne to returne to the King's obedience But the Souldiers of Holland and Gelderland not above two hundred and fifty which held the Castle shot at the Messenger and would by no meanes suffer a Parley or the Delivery of his Letter Upon notice hereof the Prince of Parma wondring at so much confidence in so small a Towne calling to him Henry Viennius Lord of Ceuranium Go said he to Dalhem take Cannon and shoote me a Letter into the Towne He speedily carrying along six great Gunnes with his Regiment of Burgundians and foure Colours of Germans daunted the Towne and turning his Cannon upon the Castle into which Souldiers had retreated that would soone die then yield he began a fierce but fruitlesse battery for the Walls were as stubburne as the Men and easily bafled the Cannon Till the Burgundians undertaking the Scalado set Ladders to two sides and with incredible courage fighting hand to hand upon the Walls with various successe at last with the losle of ten though many more were wounded they stormed the Castle and the Towne with such a Slaughter of the Defendants of whom not one escaped and Towns-men that no age no sex was spared but the Army long affronted and kept off poured their fury like a Torrent equally on all Where an accident hapned as sacrilegious as barbarous Into a Church for Sanctuary with the rest of her weake Sex fled a maide of about 16. yeares old Daughter to the Governour slaine in the Assault and now to be registred among the Examples of unfortunate Beauty She handsome both in her person and her Dresse was taken notice of and immediately seized by a couple of Souldiers one a German the other a Burgundian who quarrelling about the prize tugged the poor Lady in vaine objecting the Reverence due to the place and crying out for succour which was all she could to God and his Saints But while they fought she being in the middle either by chance or by the malice of him that found himselfe the weaker receiving a cruell wound in her neck all bloudy she fell downe upon the floore the other was about to have revenged it when a great sort more coming in the man lest he might lose his prize and some other should enjoy her mad with Rage struck at the maide looking about her in hope to make an escape and holding up her hands to the rest whom she thought more mercifull and with his Sword gave her a deadly cut under the Eare ready to double his blow if the Company one of which was Signior Paulo Rinaldo a confident to Prince Alexander that lifted up his voyce and sword together had not in time frighted the villaine But the two Souldiers knowing Rinaldo's Intimacy with Prince Alexander in feare of his Authority ran away Rinaldo carrying her to her Father's House with much humanity tooke care of the Lady and instantly sent for Chirurgeons to dresse her but she past all cure was scarce laid upon her bed when she gave up the Ghost leaving indeed a foule blot upon the Catholique Army which notwithstanding would have been washed out with the bloud of both the Ruffians if they condemned with the generall execration and searched for to be executed had not prevented punishment by running quite away But the PrinceS of Parma in the space of twenty dayes losing just that number of his men with so little damage recovered for the King the whole Province of Limberg a very great Addition at this time to the Royall Party not so much for the greatnesse of the Province which is indeed but little compared unto the rest as for the opportunity of keeping out the enemy which might easily by that way have come from Germany Besides the private benefit likewise accruing to the Neighbour-Princes particularly to the Bishop of Liege and the Duke of Iuliers both which by severall Embassies congratulated Prince Alexander for the happy course of his Victories either of them giving thanks in his owne behalfe especially for the destroying or removing the Garrisons of Limburg and Diestem that daily robbed their Subjects But the newes of this Victory awakened diverse Passions in the States at Antwerp Griefe at first when they heard Limburg was taken excessive Joy when it was rumoured through the Towne and a printed Pamphlet likewise published that the Castle of Limburg the Magazine being fired was shattered to the ground the Spanish Commanders miserably and deservedly blown up the Prince of Parma Mondragonio Heirg and the other great Field-Officers buried in the Ruines and that Don Iohn of Austria was run mad upon it and resolved to make his Retreat from the Low-countreys All this appeares to be forged by the Prince of Orange that he might the easier keepe up the people's hearts dejected with the Austrian victories by making a fained since he could not make a reall Slaughter and likewise that the rest of the money
men to defend our Remainder of the Low-countreys against the Conquerour But they will not be so much indangered by the losse of a Battaile For if that Army we march against be routed they can recruit assisted on the one part by Duke Alencon and his French-men on the other by Prince Casimir and the still increasing German Succours But in case which is to be hoped from God's goodnesse and our Souldiers Courage the Catholique Army shall with a better Cause likewise have the better Fortune with how much bloud with what exchange of Gold for Drosse must we buy the victory fighting before their Campe with their fresh and intire Forces But when we have thus weakned our selves by conquering if the French that watch all occasions fall upon us how I feare our Conquest will be followed with a farre greater misfortune we indeed shall have the Honour of the Day but others reape the profit In summe we may be victorious in the Battaile and vanquished in the Warre Wherefore since in this our voluntary expedition we may in reason feare almost the same Disaster whether conquered or conquering my opinion is that we should give off the attempt and at present check this Courage rather great then fruitfull Don Iohn thought this speech of the the Prince of Parma's more true then gallant and therefore besides Gabriel Serbellonio one that Don Iohn used to call Father and to preferre his judgement before the rest none of all the Councell of Warre was of Prince Alexander's mind And the Generall carried it for assaulting of the confederates Campe before they should be reinforced with new supplies Count Mansfeldt the Campe-master held it a point of Honour for the Royall Army to rouse the enemy within covert that trusted more to the place then either to their Armes or Valour The Generall of the Horse Octavio said the Souldiers Alacrity must be used before Delay had dulled it and that they were to follow the happy presage of victory expressed in their unanimous consent to fight and a successe was to be hoped especially at this time by reason of the enemi's Discord For Federick Perenot Lord of Campin by the Prince of Orange's Command was sent Prisoner to Gant and his House at Bruxells plundred because he was reported to be making his Peace with the King by meanes of his Brother Cardinall Granvell and indeed he was discontented that the Prince of Orange slighted him in Comparison of Aldegund The like was by the Prince of Orange attempted upon Hese and Glimè both which they say upon a rumour of the Prince of Oranges Murder Spread by his owne Ministers and Direction very ominously for himselfe only to try the faith of others expressed no dubious signes of Ioy. And therefore in imitation of the Battaile at Gemblac they having now intelligence of like divisions among the Confederates their Arm factious and destitute of these Commanders should be forthwith assaulted and no doubt but the like Successe would follow as Don Iohn concluded The Battaile therefore being now resolved on Mutio Pagano and Amator of Abadien Officers of Horse sent Spyes to discover the Enemyes Campe and to Chuse the ground where they should fight brought back word That the Confederates Army was intrenched not farre from Machlin the Rere guarded by the Village of Rimenant the Flanks with a Wood and a Fen their Front with a Trench and a Line drawne betweene both the Flanks Before that Trench was an open Plaine very commodious for drawing out the Enemy to Battaile but they found no Avenue to the Village but one neare the Wood on the left hand a way that would only hold six or seven men a breast Vpon this Discovery Don Iohn sending back some Companyes to garrison the Frontire-Townes for keeping out the French moved from Tienen and passing over his Army at Areschott-Bridge the second dayes March he came within sight of the Enemy and knowing the Plaine by the Description his Scouts had made he presently imbattailed his Army consisting of 12000 Foote and 5000 Horse Then the Prince of Parma whilst Don Iohn put his men into Battalia was a very earnest Suiter in case they fought that day that he might lead up the Spanish Infantry ordered to begin the Battaile to demonstrate as I conceive that his Courage to advance the Expedition was no lesse active then his Counsell formerly to retard it Don Iohn admiring the Greatnesse of his Spirit and Contempt of Danger at first put him off at length consented because he knew it would be of great Concernement under whose conduct that Battalion should march which must give the Omen to the Victory But till they joyned Battaile he would have Prince Alexander's Company to ride about the Field with him In the interim his Army was drawne out in the entrance of the Plaine and by the ordinary sound of Drums and Trumpets challenged the Enemy to fight Where expecting for three houres and the Enemy not moved with any kinde of Invitation to the Field still keeping within their Trenches Don Iohn called Alphonso Leva that commanded an extraordinary Regiment of Musketters said to him GoAlphonso put thy selfe and thy men into that narrow way betweene the Wood and Trench as if thou hadst a designe to enter the Village in despight of their Army no doubt but they will oppose thee when they come on do thou retire to draw them into the Field Withall he commands the Marquesse a Monte with three Troops of Curassiers and Lanciers to bend that way and be in the Rere of Leva's Foote The Enemyes whole Army under the Arch-duke and the States was commanded by Maximilian Hennin Count of Bolduc an experienced and wary Souldier He intending to frustrate Don Iohn's indeavours either by sitting still or acting with some Stratagem commanded Iohns Norreys an English Colonell who defended that Post to meete the Enemy but so as not to fight at too great a distance from the place The Battaile was therefore begun betwene the Spanish and English very gently at first for neither Leva nor Norreys meant to ingage very farre till to relieve the English because many of them were slaine Count Egmont coming in with his Reserve of Horse A Monte likewise immediately advanced with His. Against Robert Stuart also bringing up with him some Scotch Foote Don Iohn sent Ferdinando de Toledo with the rest of those active Foote under his Command and Camillo a Monte in the Rere of them with two Cornets of Horse he himselfe moving forward in Battalia with the whole Army in hope of a generall Battaile with the now irritated Enemy The Prince of Parma also leaping off his Horse tooke the place which he had so earnestly desired among the Spanish Infantry and appeared in in the head of them with his Pike in his hand And now the Forlornes of both Armyes fell on not like
Alencon and Prince Casimir should be comprehended in the Articles of peace That the province of Limburg and whatsoever Don Iohn had taken either by Force or Rendition in Brabant and Haynolt should before the end of August be restored to the States extreamely offended at these insolent demands Don Iohn as he used to do communicated his Resentment to the Prince of Parma He though he denied not the conditions to be indeed very unjust yet said It would be much worse if the States despairing of a peace with Spaine should put into the hands of the King of France the Frontier provinces which he had so oft attempted It was to be considered that even Charles the fifth and how great an Emperour was he could hardly cleare those Provinces of the French only What should the King's Forces do at the present commanded indeed by a Son to Charles the fifth but with a lesse number of men both against the French Nation and two other powerfull Armies His opinion was therefore that the Commissioners should be put in hope of peace till the King's pleasure was knowne as to those proposalls which if he accepted no doubt but in his wisdome he would provide another place worthy of his Brother but if looking upon their basenesse he rejected them then in case the Confederates were prosecuted with more severity hereafter his Majesty could not accuse his Brother and the Army as desirous to keepe the Warre afoote Don Iohn though he did not much feare the Confederates knowing them to be oppressed with their own multitude and understanding that Prince Casimir's Army marched in a body by themselves because they refused to obey Count Bolduc Generall for the States Yet constrained for want of men and money besides his Sicknesse both of body and mind which is able to breake the greatest Spirit and forcibly to cast it downe upon considerations at other times contemptible He resolved to follow Alexander Farneze's Counsell Though in his Letters to the King certifying their Propositions he with some bitternesse complained That the Rebells confidence received Incouragement out of Spaine and the Assistance promised to him by his Majesty was from time to time put off and when he intreated money only a returne was made of words wherewith a Warre cannot be managed unlesse they imagine that he is able out of Words to extract Gold He therefore humbly beseeched his Majesty either to subdue the Enemy or at least not to suffer the Generall of his Royall Army so unhandsomly to conclude a peace In the interim he commanded Serbellonio speedily to advance the Trenches which he had a while before designed not farre from Namure Don Iohn had chosen that ground upon the Hill of Buge close by the River Mose induced by convenience of the place and his Father's example who being pursued by Henry of France with three great Armies brought his Forces then very small to this ground and here intrenching secured them And now Serbellonio quick both at raising and defending workes had finished most of the Redoubts and drawne about a line by the directions of Scipio Campio of Pisaura an Engineer not inferiour to his Father Bartholomeo slaine at the Siege of Harlem where overtoiled with hasty labour or struck with a pestilentiall aire he fell dangerously sicke At the same time Don Iohn having now brought all his Army within the Trenches except the Horse which Octavio Gonzaga had 〈◊〉 upon the neighbouring Villages his owne sicknesse increasing would needs be carryed into the Campe. Both of them kept their beds and their Fitts tooke and left them in the same manner But the Physitians made farre different Iudgments of their two patients For they all and there was a whole Colledge of them either deceiving others or deceived themselves pronounced that Don Iohn would certainely recover but Sonbellonio could not possibly escape with life And what they said was credible enough this being aboue 73 yeares old he not yet 33 and yet when the young man dyed the old man was perfectly well againe Whereupon Hippolyto Pennonio grew into great Esteeme formerly commended by Duke Octavio for Physitian in Ordinary to his Son Prince Alexander who durst against the whole pack of those Doctours affirme that Serbellonio would live and Don Iohn die of that disease For which a long while being jeered and scorned he became thereby better knowne to the People and finally more honoured Vpon the day of Saint Matthew the Evangelist on which very day was twentie yeares dyed the Emperour Charles the fifth Don Iohn as if by remembring of his Fathers death he were minded of a time a like fatall to himselfe easting off all humane Cares transferred the whole Power of Peace and Warre upon Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma and in case he should dye declared him Governour of the Low-countreys and Generall of the Army till the King should otherwise determine And truly Prince Alexander doubted for a while whether he should undergo the Burthen not ignorant how miserable and broken a Province he must have and withall how much it would reflect upon his Honour if perhaps the King did not confirme upon him that Assignement It being more Disreputation to fall from a place of Eminence then never to have beene advanced Yet that he preserred his Faith to God and the King he writes to his Mother calling God to Witnesse that he should justly thinke himselfe a Traitour if when they had such an Increase of Enemyes and no Generall he should have deserted the Kings Army in that Conjuncture of time wherein undoubtedly all the remaining Catholique Religion and Allegeance to his Majesty would have beene indangered And forasmuch as the Duke of Parma did not very well like this Resolution of his Son 's nor gave Assent to his Acceptance of the Regency but reproved him for his overmuch confidence Prince Alexander at length answered his Father in these Words Sir Whereas in your Wisdome your Excellence thought fitt to admonish me as if I were gone too farre in accepting of that Government which by my endeavours should rather have beene transfer'd upon the Royall Senate of the Low-countreys it is no more then I my selfe imagined as when I wrote of Don Iohn of Austria's Sicknesse I signifyed to your Excellence But when I called to minde that after the death of the greate Comendador the Lowcountreys were undone by that very Trust of the Royall Power is the Senates hands which Ruine in all mens opinions had never hapned to the Provinces if his Successour had beene forthwith nominated And when I plainly saw the Losse of this Catholique Army without a Generall to be inevitable by reason of the feuds among the Lords and their discordant mindes some drawing one way some another and daily more slack in asserting the Kings Right and which is yet more considerable one or two of the greatest in his Army
Government of the Low-countreys then designed him he would not so much as come to Court but went to the house of Anthonio Perez to linger there till he found whether the King would allow him place as a Prince-Infanta within the Cloth of State But the King that went out of Towne lest he might discontent his young Brother with the Assignation of his Place stayed on purpose in the Countrey receiving him more affectionately then magnificently at Villa Pardo And from thence exaggerating indeed not falsely the Necessity of the Provinces sent him presently into the Low-countreys His Majestie 's Suspicion also appeares by the Instructions he gave Don Iohn at his Departure The first and last whereof was that he should quiet the Provinces upon any Conditions whatsoever but a Warre so as he did it with a Salvo to Religion and Allegeance For though the King now weary of the infinite Expences of that Warre wished this might be the only Meanes of settling the Belgick Tumults yet howsoever I belieue his Majesty who thought nothing secure unlesse suspested would not have continued the Command of an Army to one person lest he should at last have established a Power irrevocable For the same reason when there was Necessity of a Warre Money to pay the Army came very sparingly from Spaine For this very reason the King's eares were open to the Low-countreymens Complaints accusing Don Iohn as longing to be in Armes Nay to confirme this Suspicion of the King 's I doubt not but the Prince of Oranges Designe was layed when he wrote Letters to a Friend in France which assured him that Don Iohn was to marry the Queene of England adding that for his perticular Service therein Don Iohn had given him hope of the free Exercise of Religion in the Low-countreys Which newes Vargas the Spanish Embassadour in France that carefully pried into all Occurrences privately sent post to King Philip. Whereupon followed the death of Iuan Escovedo as the man that put him upon it I cannot believe this of Don Iohn though sometimes troubled and crossed even to desperation Many Arguments rather induce me to thinke it a Finesse of the Prince of Orange to alienate the King from his Brother But the Causes of Escovedo's Death and the Tragedies insuing thereupon in Spaine as fitter for the Stage I leaue to Writers covetous of such Subiects Nor to any other end a newes which they heard in Spaine was the Principallity of the Low-countreys lately offered to Don Iohn For one of the Low-countrey Lords as an expedient for quieting the Provinces exhorted Don Iohn to take upon him Soveraigne Authority offering to serve him in it with the Nobility and ensuring the Event Which though it so highly displeased him that he drew his Stilletto not as once Germanicus Caesar did who turned the point upon himselfe but to have stabbed that perfidious and fraudulent man who with such impudent Counsell tempted his Loyalty Yet because this passed without Witnesses it was liable to the Censure of those that ever thinke the worst And some kinde of Suspicions no Innocence can absolutely cleare But I believe this bold and subtill Invitation was made not to bring the Lowcountreys into Don Iohn's Power but to fill the King's eares listning after such Rumours and to make him jealous that his Brother would not all wayes retaine that Modesty and that it therefore concerned the King in Wisdome to provide that what his Brother once modestly refused might never more be in the Power of his Acceptance Nor was King Philip now to be taught the Art of Iealousy being no lesse prudent in keeping then fortunate in amplifying his Dominions And Don Iohn daily found by new proofe how jealous the King was of him not satisfied by the compliance of the private life which he had so long indured Hearing likewise of Escovedo's death whom he had sent into Spaine to procure Money and other warlike Necessaryes for whose returne he had so often and so anxiously sollicited and every day finding himselfe in greater Straits deserted as he openly complained by the King and exposed to the Scorne of his Enemyes this Prince of great Spirit and hope too much remembring his bloud by the Father's side languished into a Consumption But whether besides his Griefe a poyson strong enough to kill him there might be another Dose given for they that saw his Corps found shrewd Signes of poyson I will make no Determination as in a thing commonly obnoxious to Presumptions of that Nature Though there wanted not some that watched to murther him as I am well assured by Alexander Farneze's Letters to his Father Duke Octavio And it was sufficiently evident two Englishmen being apprehended that had undertaken to kill him that very Month wherein he dyed which a while after examined and convicted of the Crime were by the Prince of Parma put to death But by what meanes soever his fate was brought about it was deplored with extraordinary Commiseration And seldome was it knowne that any Army with higher praises of his vertue mourned foâ— their Generall There were that compared Don Iohn and Germanicus together For their Beauty for their Yeares being 33 for the many battells they had fought in Places neighbouring upon Holland For the Court-Iealousyes upon them and for the Rumour of their approaching Death Others paralleld him nearer with his Father Charles the fifth Both had the same Birth-day almost the same Day of Death and like Expeditions by Sea and Land against the Moores and Turkes The Kingdome of Tunis was conquered by them both King Muleasses was reestablished in his Throne and Barbarossa outed by Charles the fifth King Amida Son to Muleasses but the Deposer of his Father deposed himselfe and Mehemet crowned was by Don Iohn carryed away among his Spoiles and Prisoners The Father had ended more Warres for he had lived more Yeares The Son in one Navall Victory equalled all his Father's Triumphs And no doubt but if he had injoyed his Fathers Power and alone commanded Kingdomes and Armies he would have made his Fame as glorious They likewise added things for the most part triviall and obvious to all Comparers That both by like artificiall Courtesyes quickned their Followers Hopes but he by bestowing Titles of Honour much increased the Nobility this remunerated the merits of his Souldiers because he had no other Meanes of Satisfaction with magnificent Words somtimes with a suddaine Expression of Ioy giving his Hatt or Stilletto to a Souldier Indeed calling every common Souldier by his name his Memory served instead of a Reward Both of them brought up fashions that added to the handsomenesse of the Body especially of the Head Charles the fifth when he came into Italy to be crowned Emperour was the first that to ease himselfe of the head-ach cut off his haire the great Courtiers following
Mother of a Trouble But now Alexander Farneze acquainted his Majesty with those three last Requests made by Don Iohn and earnestly sollicited the King's Grant Of himselfe and of the Governement intrusted to him he wrote little rather like one declining then ambitious of the Honour Only he exaggerated the danger of the Catholique Army the French being entred into Haynolt and the States Army ready to besiege their Campe so that in this desperate Condition of Affaires only his Fidelity to the King compelled him rather undauntedly then ambitiously to receive that burthen Although as I conjecture not so much the present Danger which was indeed very great as his doubtfullnesse of the King's mind held Alexander Farneze in suspence For he feared lest his Majesty laying aside the care of Armes should call back his Mother into the Low-countreys where she was popular and therefore fit to conclude a Peace or that upon certaine Conditions which were now in Agitation he should confirme even the Arch duke Matthias in the Governement To which He might be easily perswaded by some that were no frends to the glory of Alexander Farneze And truly as David Secretary to the Duke of Parma wrote from Spaine in Cypher to Prince Alexander there wanted not some at Court that objected many Considerations to the King for breaking off that Designation I believe because they thought it Imprudency to trust Alexander Farneze with an Army at that time when his Son a boy of a great witt and it seemed capable of the greatest fortune pretended to the Crowne of Portugall especially when not without an Affront to Spaine that proud Nation desired to be governed by an Italian But the King looking upon the Vertue of Alexander Farneze and considering him as his Sisters Son cut off the Subiect of this discourse praising the choice Counsell of Don Iohn And presently by Letters to Prince Alexander his Majesty first gave him without any Exception the Governement of the Low-countreys and Burgundâ— with the Militia of those Provinces all which he prolixly commended to his Nephew's Faith and Worth To Don Iohn's last Requests he breifely answered That he would not be unmindefull of his household Servants when Alexander Farneze should certify him too as afterwards he did of every particular man's Deserts That he had long respected his Mother which should be done more publiquely hereafter As indeed it was For his Majesty that yeare sending for her into Spaine very graciously received her and within a few Months honourably disposed of her in the Royall Cloister of Saint Cyprian Where after she had lived foure yeares among the Nunnes nobly attended by Maides of her owne going for her health to take the ayre at Laredâ— she there religiously dyed Although I must not conceale from the Reader What a man of Eminence discovered to me touching the Mother of Don Iohn not Barbara Blomberg as to that day the World believed but a farre more noble Lady to say the truth a Princesse for saving of whose Reputation Charles the fifth would have another named and getting Barbara Blomberg to act the Mother's part and take upon her the glorious Title of the fault it was afterwards followed by King Philip to maintaine the Scene So King Philip himselfe told his Daughter Isabella to whom he imparted all his Secrets which she at diverse familiar Conferences communicated to that Person of whom I had it If this be true I must confesse there is no trusting humane Knowledge When so great a Prince that used to discover the very thoughts of his Enemyes should live and dye so blinded in his owne Parentage and in himselfe and being twice deceived in his Mother should still aske Blessing of a wrong Woman never of her that bore him Concerning Don Iohn of Austria's supposed Brother his name was Pyramo Câ—nrado the King wroteback that Alexander Farneze should observe the inclination of his mind and how he demeaned himselfe He did so and replyed That the youth had beene sent into Burgundy so follow his Booke but that within a few dayes leaving his study and falling into some Deboshes he was by Don Iohn's Command committed to the Tower from whence after his Brothers Death the Youth wrote him a Letter that since he was not made for a Scholler neither his Fancy nor Abilityes agreeing with that course of Life he would please to set him at Liberty and make a Souldier of him and then he hoped to give a fruitfuller account of himselfe and Prince Alexander certified the King that he thought no lesse therefore beseeched his pleasure might be signifyed where the Youth should be imployed in his Majestyes Service It pleased the King that he should learne his first Elements of Warr under Alexander Farneze assigning to the young Souldier 50 Ducats a Month. Lastly the King consented to the translating of Don Iohns Body into Spaine by what Way and in what Manner Prince Alexander should appoint The Prince of Parma committed that Charge to Gabriel Nignio Zuniga Master of the Horse to Don Iohn commanding him to convey the Corps through France and by meanes of the Spanish Embassadour at Paris to get a Passe from King Henry for some of Don Iohn's Servants that were to returne into Spaine without any mention of the Body which he would have secretly carryed to avoide those vast Expences and ceremonious Contentions of Magistrates and Priests at City-Gates that vsually way-lay the Progresses of Princes whether alive or dead And therefore made it be given out that the Body went with the rest of Don Iohns Household through Italy Nay to avert the least Suspicion he caused him to be tooke in pieces and the bones of his Armes Thighes Leggs Breast and Head the Braines being taken out with other the severed parts filling three Mailes were by Nignio and the principall of the Convoy being about 80 brought safely into Spaine Where the bones being set againe with small wiers they easily rejoynted all the Body which being filled with Cotton armed and richly habited they presented to the King Don Iohn intire as if he stood only resting himselfe upon his Commanders Staffe looking as if he lived and breathed This Sight having for a while renued Court-Sorrow the Corps was carryed thence into the Church of Saint Laurence at the Escuriall and buryed according to his last Desire by his Father the Emperour Charles the fifth Alexandder Farneze likewise in the Church at Namure where his Vncles body had beene deposited leaving a Monument thereof to Posterity applyed his whole minde and incleavours to keepe the remaining Provinces in the King's obedience Then he sent Agents Letters to the Catholique Princes of Europe holding it requisite to let them every one know that Governement was consigned to him by his Majesty minding therâ— of the danger of the Royall Party not too sollicitously lest he should raise
the hopes of such as were disaffected to the Spaniard nor too sparingly lest it might take off the Honour of his Laurell as the easy purchase of a Generall that must hereafter triumph over the Enemy FINIS An Alphabeticall Table of the most remarkable Passages and Sentences Note that the figures without l. relate to l. next before ABbat of Gemblac lib. 9. pag. 52. and of Trull l. 2. p. 41. Abbaties in the Low-countreys assigned new Bishops l. 1. p. 29. Abbats complain ibid. their complaints answered l. 1. p. 31. They exasperate the Brabanters l. 3. p. 65. Some of them turn Covenanters l. 5. p. 101 Abdication of the Empire and his Kingdoms by Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 3. the causes p. 8. Abdication of the Government of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 4 Acugnia vide Iohn or Iuan. Adolph of Nassau Emperour l. 2. p. 43 Adolph of Nassau brother to the Prince of Orange enters Frisland l. 7. p. 46. Fights the Arembergians p. 47. kills Count Aremberg ibid and is slain by him ibid. Adrianus Comes Taurello l. 9. p. 45 Aegidius Lord of Hierg sonne to Count Barlamont at the siege of Valenciens l. 6. p. 10. at the battel of Mooch l. 8. p. 3. Master of the Ordnance and Colonel of Walloons l. 10. p. 5. at Namure Treasurer after his fathers death ibid. Governour of Gelderland on the borders whereof he takes many Towns l. 8. p. 8. invites Don Iohn to see Namure l. 9. p. 35. defends Ruremond against the Confederates lib. 9. p. 49. storms Bovines â— 9. p. 53 54. his death l. 10. p. 5. Vide Giles Aelst a Town of Flanders taken by the mutinous Spaniards l. 8. p. 18 19 Alberic Count Lodronio Colonel of a Regiment of Germans l. 6. p. 31 33 Albert Duke of Bavaria approves of the designe of arms against the Rebels l. 5. p. 134. He moves the Duke of Alva in behalf of the impeached Lords l. 7. p. 42 Alcmar l. 7. p. 72 81 Aldegund vide Philip Manixius of St. Aldegund Alençon vide Francis Hercules Alexander Farneze Prince of Parma born at Rome l. 9. p. 42. his Father ibid. the prediction of Paul the third ibid. his Christening p. 43. propension to arms ibid. sent very young by his Mother into the Low-countreys to King Philip p. 44. his suit at eleven years old to the King ibid. who carries him into Spain ibid. his Majesties love to him ibid. He Charles Prince of Spain and Don Iohn of Austria compared together l. 10. p. 18. He is sent to the University of Alcala l. 7. p. 43. the King entrusts him to Count Egmont to conduct him to the Low-countreys l. 4. p. 90. his marriage l. 4. p. 91. Solemnized at Bruxels l. 4. p. 94. and at Parma l. 4. p. 95. his sonnes ibid. his veneration towards his wife p 95. and l. 9. p. 46. his love to arms l. 9. p. 44. his digladiations in the night with great hazzard to himself p. 45. he goes in the Christian Fleet against the Turk ibid. composes the difference between Don Iohn of Austria and Venerio ibid. for which Pius the fifth commends him l. 9. p. 46. he boards Mustapha's Galley ibid. takes him and Scander-Basha ibid. The prize took by his men ibid. his answer to Don Iohns admonition ibid. he is sent to besiege Navarine ibid. attempts it in vain l. 9. p. 47. he joyned with his Mother is designed by the King for the Government of the Low-countreys ibid. animated by Gregory the xiii l. 9. p. 48. he goes for the Netherlands ibid. A pension assigned him by the King ibid. He views the Armie with Don Iohn l. 9. p. 49. his attempt at the battel at Gemblac l. 9. p. 51. his courage is praised and reproved by Don Iohn l. 9. p. 52. His letter to the King in honour of Don Iohn p. 53. nor mentioning himself to his friends ibid. He besiegeth Sichem l. 9. p. 54. and the Fort 55. executes the prisoners taken ibid. Diestem yields ibid. he reduceth Levia ibid. his expedition and victory at Limburge l. 10. p. 1 2. he storms Dalhem p. 3. recovers the whole Province of Limburge within twenty dayes p. 4. Thanks sent him by the Neighbour-Princes ibid. A rumour of his death forged by the Prince of Orange l. 10. p. 4. The King means to make him Governour of the Low-countreys p. 6. he likes not the truce proposed ibid. his Letter to his Father Octavio Duke of Parma ibid. The King sends him money l. 10. p. 7. his speech at a Councel of Warre wherein he disswades the coming to a battel ibid. He desires of Don Iohn the honour to lead up the Foot and hath it l. 10. p. 9. He demonstrates to Don Iohn the enemies designe p. 10. He brings off the men circumvented by the Enemy p. 11. and lying open to their Cannon p. 12. of which he gives an account to his Mother Margaret of Parma p. 13. he sends a complementall Embassage into Portugal ibid. his advice to Don Iohn touching the conditions of peace proposed by the Estates p. 14. He is by Don Iohn upon his death-bed nominated Governour of the Low-countreys p. 15. he cannot well resolve whether he should undertake the burden yet accepts of the his Commission ibid. he writes to his Mother and to his Father ibid. The causes why he accepted of the Government l. 10. p. 16. he attends Don Iohn in his sickness and supplies him with money ibid. his care for his sick Uncle and for ordering the armie ibid. he puts to death those that sought the life of Don Iohn l. 10. p. 20. He satisfies the severall Nations contending who should carry Don Iohn of Austria's body p. 22. he attends his funerall to Namure ibid. builds him a temporary tombe ibid. writes to the King of Don Iohns death and his last requests to his Majestie l. 10. p. 23. and how his Uncle dying commended the Government to him ibid. he is not assured the King will confirm it ibid. the King sends him a Commission to be Governour of the Low-countreys and General of his armie there ibid. the King answers him to Don Iohns requests ibid. He gives the Corps of Don Iohn in charge to Colonel Nignio to carry it into Spain l. 10. p. 24. he orders it to be privately conveyed through France ibid. He takes upon him the Government of the Netherlands ibid. whereof he certifies the Catholick Princes of Europe ibid. Alâ—xander Medices advanced to the Principalitie of Florence l. 1. p. 21. his marriage with Margaret daughter to the Emperour p. 22. he is slain within the year ibid. Alienation of the Nobilitie l. 2. p. 37 38. and why l. 3. p. 67 68 71 Alâ—â—tanien souldiers vide Muteneers Alâ—sâ—o Delrio l. 8. p. 20 Alâ—ysiâ— Quiscioda Lord Steward to the Emperour l. 10. p. 17. carryes Don Iohn an infant into Spain ibid. breeds him up ibid. brings him to King Philip on the field a hunting who there owned
mouth l. 10. p. 12. for the Governess from Germany l. 5. p. 132. 133. for the Prince of Orange from the Low-countreys and France l. 7. p. 58 61 63 73 75. l. 9. p. 57. and out of Germany l. 5. p. 138. l. 7. p. 58. An Army for the States from France and Germany l. 10. p. 7. 13. from England and Scotland l. 10. p. 10. The Duke of Alva's Army besieged by the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 77. the Gheuses Army l. 7. p. 75. the Hugonots Army l. 7. p. 79. four Armies at one time vex the Low-countreys p 75 Artois a Province of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 15. invaded by Cocquevill l. 7. p. 46. defended by Cosse ibid. associated with the rest of the Provinces against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 20. its Governour l. 1. p. 16 Arthur Cosse Commander in chief upon the Marches of France forbids the Prince of Orange to enter the Kingdome l. 7. p. 63. sent by the French King to assist the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 46. 47. beats Cocquevils Army into the town of S. Valery and storms it ibid. takes the Commanders ibid. Assonvill vide Christopher Asper l. 8. p. 9 Ausburg vide Confession of Ausburg Augustino Barbarico l. 9. p. 46 Augustus Duke of Saxonie succeeds the Prince Elector Maurice l. 3. p. 53. Christens the Prince of Oranges sonne l. 4. p. 87. joyns with the Low countrey Rebels l. 5. p. 138. threatens the Governesse l. 5. p. 140. makes warre with Iohn Frederick sonne to the late Elector p. 141. sends to Margaret of Paâ—ma an Embassage in Favour of the Low-countrey Hereticks l. 6. p. 18 19. Avila vide Sancho Austrian what l. 10. p. 21 Autruxius l. 3. p. 62 Ayala vide Martin Ayamont vide Antonio Marquesse of Ayamont Sentences in A. WE may safely suspect those for Authours that are ADVANTAGED by the Design l. 5. p. 102 Thy are most sensible of ADVERSE fortune that have been in most felicitie l. 9. p. 48 The first AGE after the tincture of pleasure seldome or never takes another die l. 10. p. 17â— BAden the Marquesse sends an Embassage to the Governesse l. 6. p. 18 Baion l. 4. p. 87 88 Balduin ab Angelo a Jesuit refuseth the Oath pressed upon him l. 9. p. 40. is turned out of Antwerp with the rest of the Societie ibid. Barbara Blomberg of Ratisbone l. 10. p. 17. commended to the King by Don Iohn dying p. 22. she deceaseth p. 24. Babarino vide Francisco and Raphael Barlamont surrendred to Don Iohn l. 9. p 57 Barlamont vide Aegidius Florus Lancellot and Philip Baronnius one of the Covenanters l. 5. p. 101 Bartolomeo Campio l. 7. p. 80. the famous Engeneer in the siege of Harlem ibid Bartholmew Entese one of the first water Gheuses l. 7. p. 71. turns Pirat ibid. is committed to prison l. 7. p. 80 Bartolomeo Miranda Archbishop of Toledo l. 1. p. 8 Bartolomeo Portia the Popes Legate to the Emperour l. 9. p. 39 Bartholmew-Eeue in France l. 7. p. 76 Basta vide Nicholao Batemburges the Brothers vide Gisbert and Theodorick Bavaria the Duke vide Albert Bavier vide Christopher and Henry Beavor vide Philip Lanoi Belgium why called Flanders l. 1. p. 14. the lower Germany and the seventeen Provinces ibid. its situation opulency cities towns Villages Militia Navy and Manufactures ibid. their Government was ever like a free-state l. 2. p. 28 Belgick Provinces how they were all joyned under the Government of one Prince l. 1. p. 15. out of them Charles the fifth thought to erect a Kingdome l. 1. p. 15 be transferres them to his sonne Philip l. 1. p. 4. their division l. 1. p. 15. to what Persons the King intrusted them l. 1. p. 16. they petition the King to take off the tenth part l. 7. p. 67. they waver upon the news of the surprize of Brill by the Covenanters l. 7. p. 72. they conspire against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 19 20. they adhere to the States onely two continuing faithfull to Don Iohn ibid. l. 9. p. 37. 48. 50 Bcaumont rendered to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 57 Bearne the refuge of Delinquents l. 3. p. 63 Benedictus Arias Montanus l. 7. p. 64 Bergâ—n vide William and Iohn Glimè Bergen op Zoom l. 8. p. 10. comes into the hand of the Estates l. 9. p. 48. the Garrison souldiers betray their Colonel p. 49. Berlinguerio Requesenes Admirall for the King of Spain in Sicily l. 8. p. 15 Bernardo Fresneda a Franciscan Confessar to King Philip l. 6. p. 23. votes against a warre with the Low-countreys ibid. Bernardino Mendoza sent Embassadour from the Duke of Alva to Pius the fifth l. 6. p. 26. Captain of foot in the Low-countrey service p. 30. at the battle of Moocâ— l. 8. p. 4. and of Gemblac l. 9. p. 49 Bernois l. 6. p. 26 Bersen sent by the Deputies of the Estates with part of of their forces to Antwerp l. 8. p. 22 Beza vide Theodorus Bill vide Gaspar Binch sometimes the delight of Mary Queen of Hâ—â—gary yields to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 57. a stone upon the â—lace engraved by King Henry the second of France when he demolished Binch ibid. Birth of Alexander Farneze l. 9. p. 42. of Granvell l. 2. p. 39. of William Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 43. of Margaret of Parma l. 1. p. 20. of Prince Maurice of Nassan l. 4. p. 87. of Odoardo Cardinall Farntze l. 4. p. 95. of Philip the second of Spain l. 1. p. 9. of Raâ—ucio Farneze Duke of Parma l. 4. p. 95. Biseain man of warre l 7. p. 65 Biserta stormed l. 10. p. 19 Blanch Queen of France l. 5. p. Blanca Sforza daughter to Maximilian Duke of Mâ—lain and wife to the Emperour Maximilion killed by a fall from her horse as she was hunting l. 1. p. 21 Blazer vide Iohn Blosius vide Iohn and Lodwick Bobadilla a Captain l. 7. p. 75 Bobemian King vide Maximilian Boisot vide Charles and Lodwick Bomberg vide Anthony Bommen in the Isle of Sceldt taken by the Royallists l. 8. p. 13 Bona Shorza Mother to Sigismund King of Poland dies l. 1. p. 13 Boniface Bishop of Mentz l. 2. p. 30 A Book published in Germany called the Interim l. 1. p. 9 A Book set forth by the Prince of Orange against the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 58 Calvinisticall Books sent into France l. 3. p. 56. Designed for Spain l. 5. p. 137 Bourbon vide Anthony Iohn and Lewis Borgia a Captain l. â— p. 8 Borlutius of Gant Speaker for the Estates l. 1. p. 25 Bolduc vide Maximilian and Iohn Bovines renders it self to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 53 54 A Boy with two heads four feet and four hands l. 7. p. 40 A Boy with a Cat in a Cradle l. 7. p. 69. Putting ouâ— the eyes of Quails l. 7. p. 43. killing Leverets ibid. of eleven years old begging arms and leave to go to the storming of a town l. 9. â— 44
joyns with the King of Spain agianst his Low-countrey Rebels l. 5. p. 134. He denies the Spanish armie passage through the Territory of Lions l. 6. p. 26. is not perswaded by the Hugonots to fight with the Spaniards ibid. sends for auxiliaries into the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 34. which are granted ibid. fights at St. Denis l. 6. p. 35. sends Cosse Colonel of Horse to assist the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 46. A rumour that he hath concluded a peace with the Hereticks and would send men into the Low-countreys in favour of the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 73. he commands the Hugonots to be massacred l. 7. p. â—6 Charles Duke of Gelderland l. 7. p. 47 Charles Count Lalin l. 2. p. 41. l. 3. p. â—5 Carolo Largilla l. 8. p. 2 Charles Duke of Lorain l. 1. p. â—0 Charles Cardinal of Lorain l 3. p. 56. l. 3. p. 61 75. l. 7. p. â—6 Charles Mansfult son to Peter Ernest l. 4. p. 92. chidden by his father for joyning with the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103. he forsakes them l. 5. p. 119. besiegeth Valenciens l. 6. p. 10. is at the battel of Gâ—mblat l. 9. p. 50. his Regiment at Bovines l. 9. p. 53. attempts Nivel and is beat off l. 9. p. 56. the King gives him money l. 10. p. 7 Charles the souldier or fighter l. 1. p. 15 Carolo Scotto a Count l. 9. p. 45 Charles Tisnac the Kings Procurator in Spain for business of the Low-countreys l. 3. p. 73 74 Casembrat vide Iohn Casimir brother to the Palsgrave vide Iohn Castaneo vide Giovanni Baptista Castile its Arms l. 4. p. 78. President of the Councel of Castile l. 4. p. 82. l. 6. p. 23 Castle in the water l. 8. p. 20 Catharine of Medices Queen-Mother of France desires assistance against the Hereticks from Philip the second of Spain l. 3. p. 57. the like from Margaret of Parma Governess of the Low-countreys l. 3. p. 60. she comes to the Conference at Baion l. 4. p. 87. the death of her sonne Hemy foretold her l. 1. p. 13 Catharine daughter to King Philip the second l. 4. p. 82 Catholicks and Luthâ—rans joyn against the Calvinists l. 6. p. 4. the Catholicks defeat the Hugonots at Moncoure l. 7. p. 64. what they think of the Duke of Alva's departure from the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 81. they consent to the Pacification of Gant l. 8. p. 21. they adhere to the Estates l. 9. p. â—7 they together with the Hereticks take the Oath of fidelity to the Arch-duke Matthias l. 9. p. 39. they are expelled the Low-countreys by the Hereticks l. 9. p. 41. their Churches possessed by the Calvinists ibid. Câ—ttey Governour of Vlussing l. 6. p. 2 Causes of the Low-countrey tumults vide Tumult Cessation of Arms l. 9. p. 49 Cetona a Town l. 8. p. 14 Chiapino Vitelli Marquess of Cetona marcheth with the Duke of Alva as his Camp-master into the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 30. defends Graninghen l. 7. p. 54. desirous to fight th' Enemie l. 7. p. 61 62. falls upon an Ambuscado l. 7. p. 60. encounters the enemie and worsts him ibid. prohihited by the Duke of Alva to move against the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 61. falls upon a Battalion of the Prince of Orange's severed from the rest p. 61. fights upon the banks of Geta ibid. hurts Coll. Loverall p. 62. wrests the enemies Colours out of the Ensignes hand p. 62. his courage commended by the Duke of Alva ibid. sent by the Duke of Alva to the Queen of England l. 7. p. 66. sollicited to revolt by Coliny l. 7. p. 73. in a rage throws Coliny's letters into the fire p. 74 goes to besiege Mens l. 7. p. 79. is wounded ibid. his bold gallantry p. 79. he takes many towns in Holland l. 8. p. 8. is made Genrall of the Zeland expedition by Requesenes p. 9. besiegeth Ziritzee l. 8. p. 13. dicth ibid. his Funeralls l. 8. p. 14. his Corps carried into his Countrey ibid. his Encomion ibid. Christian King of Denmark l. 1. p. 13 Christierne daugthter to the King of Denmark Dutchesse of Lorain makes a Peace between Spain and France l. 1. p. 12. Hath the generall wishes to be Governess of the Low-Countreys l. 1. p. 19. what hinders her p. 20. Christiâ—rn King of Denmark l. 1. p. 13 Christopher Assonvill a Senatour l. 5. p. 99. l. 5. p. 137. l. 7. p. 52 57. imployed by the Duke of the Alva to the Queen of England p. 66. his relation l. 8. p. 19. 22. he is forcibly taken out of the Senate and committed Prisoner l. 8. p. 20 Christopher Bavier sonne to the Elector Palatine General at the battel of Mooch l. 8. p. 2 3 Christopher Fabritius Apostara executed l. 4. p. 84 Christopher Mandragonio Captain of a troop of Horse l. 6. p. 30. his gallant and bold attempt ibid. he attends the Queen with his Regiment into Spain l. 7. p. 69. Generall at the wading over the sea to Goes where he raised the siege l. 7. p. 77. he takes the Isle of Zuit-Beverland ibid. defends Middelburg against the Zelanders l. 8. p. 2. forced to render it by famine ibid. how much the enemie honoured him ibid. exchanged for Aldegund p. 2. Commands in chief at Sea in the Zeland Expedition l. 8. p. 9. sayls to the Isle of Philip-land l. 8. p. 9 10. thence to Duveland ibid. foâ—rds the sea on foot to Sceldt l. 8. p. 13. the citie of Zâ—â—â—zee the Head of the Island rendred to him ibid. the mutinous souldiers choose another Generall in his place l. 8. p. 17. the courage of his wife in holding the Fort at Gant l. 9. p. 31. victorious at the battel of Gemblac l. 9. p. 51. storms Sichem l. 9. p. 54. is preserved from fire miraculously l. 10. p. 5. the King payes his pension l 10. p. 7 Chius Theâ—dotus l. 9. p. 27 Churches how they came to be plundered in the Low-countreys l. 5. 121. when the sacriledge began ibid. how it continued p. 123. how great a losse in the principall Church of Antwerp l. 5. p. 126. restored to its use p. 130. l. 6. p. 18. destruction of Churches in Flanders l. 5. p. 126. Churches granted to Hereticks l. 5. p. 130. restored to Catholicks l. 6. p. 10. seized by Calvinists l. 9. p. 41 vide Ichâ—oâ—achy l. 5. p. 125 Ciâ—câ—onio vide Pedro. Cimace the Prince l. 8. p. 19 Cimace the Town taken by assault l. 9. p. 57. the Fort rendred ibid. Cittadella a Captain and an Engineer released by the Spaniards l. 8. p. 2. vide Francesco Cities in the Low-countreys numbered l. 1. p. 14. Cities the principall of Brabant not the Nether-lands l. 5. p. 98. their immunities and priviledges l. 2. p. 28 29 30 31. They mutiny against the Spanish Garrisons l. 2. p. 28 29 30. they revolt from the King l. 7. p. 72. submit to the Prince of Orange ibid. are reduced l. 7. p. 77 Cloâ—a de
Medicâ—s sister to Pius the fourth l. 8. p. 9 Claâ—a Isabella Engenia her birth l. 5. p. 132. she is married to Albert Rodulphus the Emperours brother ibid. Claudia Chalon wife to Henry of Nasson l. 2. p. 4â— Claudius Civilis l. 1. p. 2. l. 7. p. 58 Claudius Haâ—dtepen l. 9. p. 35 Claudius Vergius Lord of Camplit Governour of Burgundie l. 1. p. 17 Clement the seventh P. M. l. 1. p. 9 21 Clement Marot turned Davids Psalms into French meetre l. 3. p. 63. his manners ibid. he files to Beernâ— ibid. returns to Paris ibid. goes to Geneva ibid. dies l. 3. p. 63 Cleveland the Duke vide William Cobell l. 7. p. 57 Coliny vide Gaspar and Andelat Calen the Elector dies l. 2. p. 1â— Columna vide Marc. Antonio Columna Columne of Marble ingraved at Cuilemburg house l. 7. p. 42. In the Prince of Oranges colours with a Marro l. 7. p. 62. Comet before the death of Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 8. another forerunner to a Warre l. 9. p. 49. Vide Prodigies Commissary of Horse the first in the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 30 Comparison of 〈◊〉 Monor ancy with the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 8â— with Count 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 48. of the defeat of 〈◊〉 with that of Lewis de Nassau l. 7. p. 56 57. of Charles the fifth with his sonne Philip the second l. 2. p. 38. of Charles Prince of Spain with Don Iohn of Austria and Alexander 〈◊〉 l. 10. p. 10. of Cathorine de Medices with Margaret of Parma l. 3. p. 61. of the Cardinal of Lorain with Cardinal Gravel ibid. of Count Egâ—â—t with the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 70. of Don Iohn of Austria with Charles the fifth and Gâ—rmanicus Cesar. l. 10. p. 21. of Captain Paâ—ccho with Petreius the Centution l. 8. p. 12. of the old Brigick Warre with the new l. 7. p. 56. of the French with the Low-countrey tumults l. 3. p. 61 Commander in Chief or Governour of the Low-countrey l. 10. p. 15. 23. of the Camp or camp-master l. 6. p. 30. of thâ— Ottoman Fleet l. 8. p. 14. of the Kings navy l. 8. p. 15. vide Fleet. Of the Knights of the Golden Fleece vide Order and Knights Of the Lanciers l. 8. p. 4. of the sea l. 1. p. 17. l. 7. p. 69. l. 8. p. 13. l. 9. p. 44. of the life-Guard l. 6. p. 33. of the Kings Exchequer vide Treasurer of the Musketeeres l. 9. p. 51 Combination against Alva l. 7 p. 46. against Granvel l. 3. p. 67 68 71 72. of the people and of the Merchants Vide Conspiracy Commission for the Government of the Low-countreys not signed before his death by Requeseues l. 8. p. 18 Complaints of the Low-countrey men against the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 70. against Don Iohn of Austria l. 10. p. 20. against the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 75. against the Spanish forces l. 2. p. 28. and l. 3. 50. of the Corenanters against the Governesse l. 5. p. 108. of Count Egmont against the King l. 4. p. 96 of the old Bishops against the new l. 2. p. 29. of the Governess against Count Egmont l. 5. p. 123. of her to the King l. 5. p. 136. of the Spaniards against the Estates l. 9. p. 30. of Don Iohn against the King l. 10. p. 20. of the Lords against the Spaniards l. 2. p. 38. of them and others against the new Bishops l. 2. p. 29. of the Prince of Orange against the Emperour l. 5. p. 133. his and Count Egmonts against the King l. 3. p. 68. l. 5. p. 104. both theirs against Granvell l. 3. p. 75. of the Governours of Provinces against the Governesses Edict l. 6. p. 98. of Philip the second against his father Charles l. 1. p. 9. of the people against the Inquisition l. 5. p. 105. and against the imprisonment of the Lords l. 6. p. 33. of the Senatours against the Inquisition and the Emperours Edicts l. 5. p. 103 104 〈◊〉 of the â—orhon Doctors against Merots Poetrie l. 3. p. 63. Vide Hatred Councel of twelve cojustituted to examine Delinquents 〈◊〉 Low-countreys l. 7. p. 41. they impeach the Lords ibid. condemn them l. 7. p. 42. and many Church-robbers and disturbers of the Peace ibid. Councel of State governs the seventeen Provinces l. 8. p. 16. and ruines them p. 17 Councel of Trens beâ—â—â—â— by Paul the third l. p. 42. promulgored by Pius the fourth l. 4. p. 85. received by Philip the second of Spain not refused for his private difference with the Pope ibid. the difficulty in setrtling it l. 4. p. 86. a Edict for its observation published by the Governesse Margaret of Parma l. 4. p. 96. which occasions a revivall of the Lords conspiracie l. 5. p. 98. Condemnation of the Covenanters l. 7. p. 42. of 〈◊〉 l. 3. p. 62. Vide Punishment 〈◊〉 side Lewin Câ—dom a town l. 2. p. 31. Conference of Charles the ninth of France and the Queens 〈…〉 l. 4. p. 87. its causes ibid. what was acted there p. 88. how it frighted the hereticâ—â— ibid. Confessor to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 7. to Charles Prince of 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 45. to Margaret of Parma l. 1 p. 23. to Philip the second l. 6. p. 23 Con 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 prescribed to all the Covenanâ—◠〈…〉 l. 5. p. 138. a new one conceived and 〈◊〉 to the Emperour ibid. the Germane hereticks require that it should be embraced in the Low-countreys l. 5. p. 130 131 〈…〉 Colonel of the 〈◊〉 l. 6. p. 30 sights 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 47. his Regiment rerâ—â—â—â— the 〈◊〉 of Count Aremberg with the firing of many villages l. 7. p. 57. he and his Regiment punished ibid. p. 58. by the Duke of Alva he is restored to his command l. 7. p. 18 Conscience carefully purified l. 1. p. 7 Counsels of State Justice and the Finances l. 1. p. 25 Councel of Warre Vide Warre Counsels fraudulent l. 9. p. 34. l. 10. p. 20 impious l. 9. p. 26 27. of the Kings of France and Spain against the hereticks l. 2. p. 46. of expelling the 〈◊〉 l. 8. p. 21. of prudent persons about Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 44. Vide Consultation Consistories of hereticks l. 5. p. 13. disturbed l. 6. p. 7 8. l. 7 p. 42. Conspiracy of the Armenterians with the 〈…〉 l. 6. p. 6. of the seventeen Provinces against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 21. of the Germane Princes with the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 58. against Don Iohns life l. 10. p. 2. Vide Combination Conspiracy of the Low-countrey men from what Originall Vide Lords Gentlemen Gheuses Consultation of admitting the Covenanters l. 5. p. 103 104. of the Kings expedition into the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 22. of casting the Spaniards in the Netherlands l. 3. p. 51. l. 9. p. 27. against sacrilegious plunderrers l. 5. p. 127 Contention of the Low-countrey Lords l. 2. p. 38.
of severall Nations in the Camp l. 10. p. 22 Controversie touching the Conjunction of goods and Institution of Bishops in the Low-countreys l. 2. p. 29 30 c. defined by the Universitie of Lovain l. 2. p. 31 32. between the Duke of Alva and the Quxn of England l. 7. p. 65 66. between the Embassadours of France and Spain l. 41. 85 Convention of the Knights of the Golden Fl 〈◊〉 at Gant l. 2. p. 46. of the Princes of the Empire at Frâ—nkford l. 3. p. 71. of the Cardinals at Rome l. 4. p. 81. of the Estates in the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 18. of the Convenanters at Amsterdam l. 5. p. 137. at Eâ—da p. 142. of the hereticks at Geneva l. 3. p. 56. of the Low-countrey Lords at Dendermond l. 5. p. 134 of the Gbeuses at Centron or St. Truden l. 5. p. 119. of the Electors at Worms l. 2. p. 34 Conventicles of hereticks in the night l. 5. p. 116 Convening of the Knights of the Golden Fleece l. 3. p. 69. the Estates Generall not permitted to convene â— 3. p. 68 69. l. 8. p. 20. Covenant of the Gentlemen engagers against Religion l. 5. p. 101. published in severall languages ibid. Countrey-men rout the Image-breakers l. 5. p. 122. â—nd their souldiers l. 7. p. 75. as Lewis of Nassau washed his wounds in the Mose they killed him l. 8 p. 3. their forces l. 6. p. 7 Corâ—â—lius from a black-smith come to be a Calvinistiâ—all Preacher l. 6. p. 7. Commander in chief of the Armentâ—rians in Flanders ibid. Cornelius Vandem l. 8. p. 24 Cosmo Duke of Florence l. 1. p. 21. 〈◊〉 p. 14 Cosse vide Arthur Covaâ—â—â—vias vide Didato Courtiers subtil to ingratiate themselves l. 1. p. 40. slippery-footed l. 3. p. 74. a Court-prodigie l. 1. p. 3 8. their phantasticall manners l. 1. p. 8. their derision of the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 65. the change of their faces l. 4. p. 79. they follow the Princes example l. 10. p. 21. Vide Antoxy Perenot Granvell and the Sentences in C. Cressouerius a famous Engineer l. 6. p. 6. l. 7. p. 54. runs a Trench to the walls of Valâ—â—cims l. 6. p. 10. is Governour of Graveling l. 7. p. 80. dyes ibid. Crimpen l. 8. p. 13 Croi a house great in piery towards the blessed Virgiâ— of Hell l. 5. p. 111 Croi vide Charles Iohn and Philip. Cuilemburg vide Florence Palantius Court of Justice burnt down at Antwerp l. 8. p. 23. Curtius Comes Martinengo Captain of a foot company l. 6. p. 30. not present at Count Aremberg's defeate l. 7. p. 47. he pursues the flying Nassavians l. 7. p. 55. Cyprian Warr l. 5. p. 139. Sentences in C. PRinces names are always registred in the Kalander of publick CALAMITIES l. 5. p. 128 CALUMNIES and defamations without any distinction of truth or falshood are ever greedily entertained and as greedily communicated l. 5. p. 117 In CONSULTATIONS reason is not at all times permitted to make a free Election l. 9. p. 28 Some evills cured by CONTEMPT l. 4. p. 79 Though Women conceale their other Virtues yet they may glory in their CHASTITY l. 4. p. 92 The fire of CIVIL Warr can never be extinguished without the Conquerours losse l. 6. p. 23 COMPLAINTS though just loose part of that Iustice if they he importune l. 5. p. 104 Power seldome grows old at COURT l. 3. p. 55 Favour at COURT hath a better face then inside l. 4. p. 79 No virtue is lesse raised at COURT then that which is most feared l. 4. p. 79 It is hard to decesve the COURT l. 2. p. 40 Long prosperity makes not COURTIERS more secure of favour then impatient of affronts l. 4. p. 80 D. Devills accompany Church-Robbers l. 5. p. 125 obsesse their bodies l. 6. p. 17 Dalhem summoned l. 10. p. 3. the Fort besieged and taken ibid the unhappy fortune of a maid ibid Damianus Morales a Captain l. 8. p. 23 Damme a town in Frisland surprized by the Nassavians l. 7. p. 47. recovered by the Spaniards ibid. Death suffered gallantly Denmark the King l. 1. p. 13 l. 3. p. 53 Davaso vide Cesar Charles Daventry receives a garrison of Spaniards l. 6 p. 20. l. 7. p. 34. David secretary to the Duke of Parma l. 10. p. 23 David the Prophets psalmes sung by the Heriticks l. 3. p. 61 63. l. 5. p. 124. prohibited by Catholicks l. 3. p 63 Delph in Holland l. 7. p. 77. receives a garrison of Spaniards l. 6. p. 20 Delphino vide Flaminio Deputies of the Estates govern the Low-countryes vide Estates Derdendius Gallus l. 7. p. 80 Diana Phalanga a Surreatine l. 10. p. 22 Destruction of Nardhem l. 7. p. 73 Diary of Battels B. Didacus restores Charles Prince of Spain to his health l. 7. p. 43 Didaco of Austria Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 83 Didaco Cardinall Spinosa the Grand-Inquisitor for causes of Faith l. 6. p. 22. President of the Councill of Castile p. 23. l. 7. p. 46. called the Spanish Monarch ibid. votes for a warr with the Low-countryes l. 6. p. 22. presses the King to punish C. Egmont and C. Horne l. 7. p. 51. looseth the Kings favour l. 3. p. 74 Didaco de Chiaves Confessor to Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 45 Didaco Covarrnvia Bishop of Segovia and President of Castile l. 4. p. 82 Didaco Gusman a Silva Embassador from Philip the second to the Queen of England l. 4. p. 94 Didaco Hurtado Mendosa l. 10. p. 6. Difference between the Duke of Alva and the Prince of Ebolo l. 6. p. 23. between Count Attempse and the Governour of Axtwerp l. 8. p. 17. between Don Iohn of Austria and Vâ—nerio l. 9. p. 49. between the Burbons Colignies Momorancies and Guises l. 3. p. 56. between Saint Charles Borronco and Requesenes l. 8. p. 15. between Charles the seventh of France and his Son Lewis l. 7. p. 44. between the Calvinists and Lutherans l. 6. p. 4. between Count Egmont and Duke Areschot l. 3. p. 72. and Count Aremberg p. 73. and Count Hochstrat l. 6. p. 14 15. between Cardinall Granvell and the Arch-Bishop of Naples l. 4. p. 81 82. Count Laline l. 3. p. 75. between Pope Pius the fourth and Philip the second of Spain l. 4. p. 85 c. between Philip the second and his Son Charles l. 7. p. 43. Diesthem taken by the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 75 Don Iohn of Austria commands Alexander Farnese to besiege it l. 9. p. 54. 't is rendred p. 55. mercy shewed to the town ibid. the garrison take pay of the King ibid. Dilemburg the ancient seate of the Nassaus l. 7. p. 77 Dioclesian the Emperour l. 1. p. 6 Discipline of War observed by the Army l. 6. p. 31 Disputation between a Jesuite and Heriticks l. 6. p. 15 Doway l. 6. p. 37 Dort or Dordrecbt revoltâ— from the Spaniard l. 7. p. 72 Dreux a Town of Normandy
Duell between two French Gentlemen l. 1. p. 13 Dui passes the Mose l. 7. p. 46. is defeated and taken ibid. condemned to loose his head l. 7. p. 49 Dullart a Bay l. 7. p. 56. 47 Duncher a Pilot. l. 6. p. 19. his ship taken ibid. Duveland an Island drown'd by the sea l. 8. p. 10. reinhabited ibid. the sea about it waded over ibid. the Island taken by the Spaniards l. 8. p. 13. Sentences in D. DANGER it self the best remedy for danger l. 5. p. 113 Men in like DANGER easily associate l. 5. p. 137 Between the businesse of life and day of DEATH a space ought to be interposed l. 1. p. 10 Resolutions are given with greater authority at a DISTANCE l. 4. p. 88 It is more DISREPUTATION to fall from a place of eminence then never to have been advanced l. 10. p. 15 E. EArthquake in Asia insert in the reading 12 Cities of Asia l. 5. p. 127. in Brabant l. 7. p. 40. swallows 33. Villages l. 7. p. 47. Ebolo the Prince vide Rodorick or Ruigomez Eclipse of the Sun l. 1. p. 22 Edam a town l. 7. p. 72 Edict of the Duke of Alva for exacting of tribute l. 7. p. 65. 67. mitigated l. 7. p. 70. of Charles the fifth at Wormes against Luther and the Hereticks l. 2. p. 34 seven times renewed ibid. revived and published l. 4. p. 96. reprehended l. 5. p. 1. l. 5. p. 105. 106. defefided l. 5. p. 105. mitigated l. 7. p. 106. Of Charles the ninth of France against the Heriticks l. 5. p. 138. against the Germans that should oppose the Spaniards in the Low-countreys l. 5. p. 134 Of Francis the first of France against Maroi's Poetry l. 3. p. 63. of Margaret of Parma for religion l. 4. p. 96. against the Heriticks that dwelt at Antwerp l. 5. p. 117. against their sermons ibid. against their exercises ibid. against Fugitives from the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 34. against the Low-country men that should bear armes against France ibid. against the French that should fight in the Low-countryes l. 5. p. 134. of the Royall Senate against the souldiers at Aclst or Aloost l. 8. p. 18. of the States against the Spaniards ibâ—d l. 9. p. 39. of the pacification at Gant l. 9. p. 30 Edward Horsey Governour of the Isle of Wight l. 9. p. 33 Edward Prince of Portugall l. 4. p. 92 Egmond a town in Holland l. 7. p. 53 Egmont vide Charles Lamorall and Philip. Elections of new Bishops in the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 18. made Reversioners to Abbats by â—ius the fourth vide Bishops and Abbats Electors of the Empire of Brandenburg l. 6. p. 18. of Colen l. 1. p. 14. of Mentz l. 5. p. 134. the Palsgrave l. 1. p. 14. l. 5. p. 134. the King of Bohemia l. 7. p. 43. the Duke of Saxony l. 6. p. 18. Trier l. 5. p. 134. Electo chosen by the Mutineeres l. 8. p. 5. p. 8. p. 22 Elogy of Alva l. 7. p. 82. 83. of Aremberg l. 7. p. 47. of Don Iohn l. 10. p. 21 22. of Count Egmont l. 7. p. 53. of Cardinall Granvell l. 4. p. 83. of Lewis of Nassau l. 8. p. 3. of Princess Mary of Portugall l. 4. p. 92. of Requesâ—nes l. 8. p. 15. of Vitelli l. 8. p. 14. vide Encomion Elizabeth Queen of England takes part with the Low-countrey Conspiratours l. 5. p. 101. seizeth the King of Spains money sent to the Duke of Alva l. 5. p. 104. l. 7. p. 65. 66. which occasioneth a contest between her Majesty and the Duke of Alva ibid. she prohibits the Holland Pirats to come within her Ports l. 7. p. 71. her Embassage to the Governesse when she was to leave the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 37. to Don Iohn when he came to the Goverment l. 8. p. 33. she is by the Lords proposed for Governess for the Low-countreys l. 9. p 38. she sends to Don Iohn for a cessation of armes l. 9. p. 49. and threatnes ibid. is not heard ibid. a rumour that she was to be married to Don Iohn l. 10. p. 20. Elizabeth Cuilemburg l. 1. p. 20 Embassador from the King of Spain to the Pope l. 1. p. 18. l. 3. p. 66. to the Queen of England l. 4. p. 94. to the King of France l. 5. p. 134. l. 5. p. 140. l. 7. p. 79. l. 10. p. 20. l. 10. p. 24. from France to the Pope l. 4. p. 85. the contest between the French and Spanish Embassadours in the councell of Trent ibid. revived at Rome ibid. what was done thereupon in â—he Emperours Court ibid. what at Rome ibid. Emden a town l. 7. p. 55 Emmanuell King of Portugall l. 4. p. 92. 94 Emmanuell Montiny Commander of a Regiment l. 9. p. 50. Emmanuell Philibert Duke of Savoy Governour of the Low countreys l. 1. p. 11. victorious at Saint Quintin ibid. his marriage with Margaret sister to Henry of France l. 1. p. 13. he and his wife go for Italy l. 1. p. 26. how highly the King of Spain valued him l. 6. p. 21. 26. Emperour sued unto by the Low-countrey Nobility to accept of the Low-Countreys l. 5. p. 135. punishmentâ— by Emperours decreâ—d against Heriticks l. 2. p. 33 3â— Ems a River l. 7. p. 55 56 71 Encomion of Count Barlamont l. 10. p. 5. of Isidor Pacecho l. 8. p. 12. of Mondragonio l. 8. p. 2. of Penonio l. 10. p. 1â— of Vitelli l. 7. p. 62. vide Elogit Engelbert Count of Nassau Governour of the Low-countreys l. 1. p. 1â— Engelbert of Nassau the first l. 2. p. 43. 2. ibid. their power in the Low-countreys how increased ibid. Englands King vide Philip the Second Englands Queen vide Elizabeth and Mary The English loose Calice l. 1. p. 11. do execution upon the French Army from Sea l. 1. p. 12. their ships and goods embargued in the Ports of the Low-countreys and Spaiâ— l. 7. p. 66. they take the Portugall ships richly laden ibid. some conspiring against Don Iohn of Austria are put to death l. 10. p. â—0 Engines l. 8. p. 9 â—0 Engineeres l. 6. p. â—1 Enterprise of Alex Farnese l. 9. p. 45 51 of Caius Fabias l. 9. p. 40. of Ciacconio l. 8. p. 8. of Iohn Boccace a lâ—suite l. 9. p. 40. of Mondragonio l. 6. p. 30. l. 7. p. 77. of him and others l. 8. p. 9. of Perotto l. 8. p. â— Envy at Court l. 2. p. 37 41. l. 3. p. 56. between the Low-countrey Lords and Granvell l. 2. p. 41 42 l. 3. p. 72. between the Spanish and Low-countrey Nobility l. 2. p. 42. between Granvell and Reguard l. 3. p. 67. between the Duke of Alva and the Prince of Eboâ—o l. 6. p. 22. l. 7. p. 65. between Alva and Egmond l. 7. p. 51 vide Ambition Epirots l. 6. p. 30 Erasso a Courtier very intimate with the King of Spain l. 3. p. 66. Erick Duke of
Brunswick raiseth men l. 5. p. 100. the King of Spain appoints him to command the horse l. 5. p. 132. he is disswaded from the service l. 5. p. 134 Ernest Mulart pursues the Fugitives with a Galley l. 6. p. 19. Escovedo vide Iuan Eucharist preserved from the contumelies of Hereticks l. 9. p. 40. taken after meat by speciall indulgence â— 2. p. 7. Saint Eugenius Bishop of Toledo and Martyr l. 5. p. 132 Euscaubechius Commander of the Confiderates horse l. 6. p. 1. Eustachius Fiennes Lord of Esquerd one of the Covenanters l. 5. p. 109 Excomunication l. 1. p. 9. l. 3. p. 56 57. l. 4. p. 81 32. Example of unfortunate beauty l. 10. p. 3 4. of a Prince beloved of his servants l. 10. p. 21 22 Exile of the Duke of Alva and the cause l. 7. p. 81 82. his banishment repeal'd l. 7. p. 82. the exile of Count Lumè l. 7. p. 80 Expedition of the Duke of Alva against Lewis of Nassau l. 7. p. 54. by sea l. 7. p. 74. 81. to Portugall l. 7. p. 32. of Don Iohn designed for England l. 9. p. 29 36. Of Gemblac l. 9. p. 49. Of Granada l. 10. p. 19. Of Limburge l. 10. p. 1. His navall expeditions l. 9. p. 49. l. 10. p. 19. Of Charles the fifth v. Charles Of Charles the ninth of France against the Hugonots l. 6. p. 34 35. Of the Governess against Bolduc l. 6. p. 2. against Maestricht ibid. Against Tolouse ibid. Against Tornay and Armenter l. 6. p. 7. Against Valenciens l. 5. p. 143. Of the Hugonâ—ts l. 6. p. 26. The Prince of Orange his first expedition out of Germany into the Low-countreys l. 7. p. 46. Another to relieve his brother Lewis l. 7. p. 75. By Sea l. 8. p. 10. Of the States of the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 23. Of Requesâ—ens to Middelburge by sâ—a l. 8. p. 1. For Leiden l. 8. p. 6. For Zeland l. 8. p. â— Sentences in E. EASILY may he avoid the spoile's hands that never hath allur'd an envious eye l. 8. p. 24 ELOQUENCE without discretion is but the unseasonable overflowing of wit l. 2. p. 40 The Great body of an EMPIRE must be spirited with a great soul and maintaineâ— by many hands l. 1. p. 1 Expedition must be used whilest the Multitude have onely a taste of ERROR and have not swallowed down the falshood l. 5. p. 113 F. FAbio Farnezè goes for the Low-countreys l. 9. p. 41. he is sent into Portugall l. 10. p. 13 Fabio Lembo a Nâ—opolitan l. 5. p. 114 Falcese the Marquess l. 8. 11 Famisht l. 7. p. 79 56 Farnezâ— v. Alexander Charles Fabio Margaret Princess of Manjua Octavio Odovardo Ranuccio Fatness of body taken down l. 8. p. 15. Federicke King of Denmark l. 3. p. 53 Federicke Perenot Lord of Campin governour of Antwerp brother to Cardinall Granvell l. 8. p. 17 22. the falling out of him and Count Altemps l. 8. p. 17. he receives into Antwerp souldiers sent from the States l. 8. p. 22. He fortifies the Town against the fort ibid. He is Generall of the States Army at the siege of Breda l. 9. p. 48. Commander for them in chiefe at the battell of Gemblac l. 9. p. 49. by command from the Prince of Orange he is imprisoned at Gant l. 10. p. 9. Federico de Toleda grandfather to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 82. Federico Son to the Duke of Alva brings him men and money from Spain l. 7. p. 58. sent by his 〈◊〉 against the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 61. goes to besiege Mons l. 7. p. 74. sights with the French that would hinder him from sitting down before it ibid. punishes the women spies ibid. Takes the Abbie de Spine ibid. fights with the French Generall and defeates him ibid. stormes Zutphen and plunders it l. 7. p. 77. takes all the Towns in Gelderland ibid. burns Nardhem in Holland l. 7. p. 78. Besieges and takes Harlem ibid. is carried out of the field wounded l. 7. p. 80. Attempts Alâ—mer in vain l. 7. p. 81. returns into Spain with his father ibid. Ferdinand King of Castile l. 8. p. 15 Ferdinand the Catholick King l. 7. p. 82 Ferdinando Gonzaga Governour of Millan and Generall for Charles the fifth l. 6. p. 30 Ferdinand the Emperour holds a Diet at Francfort l. 3. p. 71. dies l. 4. p. 87. His daughter designed by the King of Spain for wife to Alex Farnezè l. 4. p. 91 Ferdinand Martin an incendiary l. 7. p. 50 Ferdinando de Toledo Duke of Alva l. 1. p. 11. l. 2. p. 38 46 49. Favours Cardinall Granvell l. 4. p. 80. waits upon Isabella Queen of Spain to the conference at Baion l. 4. p. 88. carries the order of the Fleece from King Philip to Charles the ninth of France ibid. His speech for war with the Low-countreys l. 6. p. 23 24. The government of the Low-Countreys committed to him l. 6. p. 25. falls sick at Millain l. 6. p. 27. musters his army at Ast in Piemont l. 6. p. 29. His march into the Low-countreys l. 8. p. 9. His invention of the use of Musketoâ—nes l. 6. p. 31. l. 7. p. 55. He enters Bruxells l. 6. p. 31. visits the Governess l. 6. p. 32. how she receives him ibid. He summons the Lords ibid. Arrests the Counts Egmont and Horne l. 6. p. 33. Excuses it to the Governess l. 6. p. 34. sends the prisoners to Gaunt l. 7. p. 49. sends forces into France against the 〈◊〉 l. 6. p. 35. offers himself to be their Generall ibid. why the causes of the Low-countrey-tumults are charged upon him l. 7. p. 39. upon what score the Low-countrey-men hated him ibid. 51 58. He builds the Fort at Antwerp l. 7. p. 40. 41. Institutes a new Court of Iustice ibid. Impeaches the Prince of Orange and the rest of the Lords that fled the Low-countreys ibid. condemns them l. 7. p. 42. sends the Prince of Oranges sonne into Spain ibid. pulls down Culemburge house ibid. Ambush laid against him l. 7. p. 46. Auxiliaries sent him from the King of France l. 7. p. 47. He take off the heads of the gentlemen Covenanters l. 7. p. 48. the extent of his fault in prosecuting Egmâ—nt and 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 51. He pronounces sentence of death against them ibid. beheads them l. 7. p. 52. His expedition against Lewis of Nassau l. 7. p. 54. He goes to Groninghen ibid. fights and routs him ibid. over-takes the enemy at Geming l. 7. p. 55. defeats him with a great slaughter l. 7. p. 56. sends the news of his victory to Pius the fifth at Rome l. 7. p. 57. punishes the Sardinan Regment for burning the Countrey ibid. contemns the reports of the Prince of Oranges Army l. 7. p. 58 59. his saying touching the Princes confederate against the King of Spain ibid. He could not fright the Prince of Orange from passiing the River ibid. would not accept the Prince of Oranges
invitation to a battell l. 7. p. 60. fight onely with light skirmishes ibid. The Prince uses many provocations to bring him to a battell ibid. He fights with the Orangians upon the River bank ibid. defeates them l. 7. p. 62. burns those that took a house ibid. How oft the Prince of Orange changing his ground was terrified by the Duke from attempting to take any town l. 7. p. 63. He had a little blow given him by the Prince of Orange ibid. He sends Count Mansfeld into France against the Hugonots l. 7. p. 64. Having beaten the Prince of Orange out of the Low countreys he enters Bruxells in triumph ibid. Pius the fifth sends him a helmet and sword ibid. He builds himself a statue in the Fort of Antwerp ibid. The interpretation of that Trophee ibid. The Court of Spain hates and jecres him for it l. 7. p. 65. Nor is the King well pleased ibid. but commands the statue to be removed ibid. he imposes upon the Low-countrey-men a tribute of the twentieth and hundred part ibid. A contestation between him and the Queen of England occasioned by money intercepted ibid. he returns to exacting of the tribute l. 7. p. 67. publishes a generall pardon at Antwerp ibid. Is violent to have the tenth part paid ibid. Is somewhat quieter after that great inundation l. 7. p. 69. publishes for the tribute his Edict qualified l. 7. p. 70. prepares force and halters for the Towns-men of Bruxels ibid. He is forc't to let alone the Tribute by the sudden news of Brill taken by the Gheuses ibid. the people grow bold when they understood he was to leave the Government l. 7. p. 71. how they mock't him l. 7. p. 72. his fear when he heard Mons was taken by the French l. 7. p. 73. he sends his son Federico and Vitelli to besiege Mons l. 7. p. 74. he himself followes and draws a line about the Town l. 7. p. 76. beats off the Prince of Orange coming to relieve them ibid. recovers Mons and all the Prince of Orange had taken l. 7. p. 77. besieges and takes Harlem l. 7. p. 78. resignes the Government of the Low-countries to Requesenes l. 7. p. 81. returns into Spain ibid. Upon his departure the several senses of the Catholicks Hereticks and the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 82. he is confin'd to Uzeda by the Kings command ibid. the temper of his mind in that misfortune ibid. he is repeal'd from banishment to be General against Portugall ibid. His saying ibid. he dies victorious ibid. his Elogie ibid. his brazen statue broken l. 9. p. 38. and 〈◊〉 again into Canon ibid. Ferdinando bastard to the Duke of Alva General of the horse l. 1. p. 16. arrests Count Horn in the Kings name l. 6. p. 33. waits in his fathers place upon the Queen into Spain l. 7. p. 69. Ferdinando de Toledo Commander of Foot recovers Maestricht l. 8. p. 21. commands the horse at the battel of Gemlac l. 9. p. 51. fights at the Village of Rimenant l. 10. p. 10. fights the enemy ibid. is by stratagem drawn to the enemies Camp ibid. Lines the hedges with musketteers l. 10. p. 12. Feria the Duke vid. Gomez Figueroa Ferdinando a Costa l. 9. p. 50. Figueroa vide Gomez Lopez Flaminio Delphino l. 10. p. 12. Flanders one of the seventeen Provinces l. 1. p. 14. its Nobility and power l. 1. p. 16. Governour l. 7. p. 50. Cities l. 77. p. 77. l. 8. p. 18 22. l. 9. p. 47. The plunder of Churches and things consecrated begun in that Province l. 5. p. 125 126. French Flanders its Governour l. 1. p. 16. Fleet sent from the Low-countries to transport Princess Mary of Portugall l. 4. p. 92. arrives at Ulushing ibid. The Spanish Fleet overthrown at Middleburg l. 8. p. 2. The Prince of Orange's Fleet sailing over the fields to Leiden l. 8. p. 7. into Sceldt l. 8. p. 13. to Middelburg l. 8 p. 2. Florence Count Culemburg one of the four first Covenanters l. 5. p. 102 107 109. The Covenanters solemnly feasted in his house ibid. He comes to the Governess with the rest of his Faction l. 5. p. 111. Retires into Gelderland l. 5. p. 112. Pius the 5 sends him an admonition l. 5. p. 114. He flies the Low-countries ibid. He is impeacht by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 41. condemned in his absence l. 7. p. 42. His house pul'd down ibid. And a monâ—mental pillar erected in that place ibid. Florence Lord of Montiny Governour of Tornay and Tornacese l. 1. p. 16. chosen one of the Knights of the Golden Fleece l. 2. p. 46. visits and presents the Princess of Orange from the Governess l. 3. p. 53. quiets the stirs at Tornay l. 3. p. 62. is commended ibid. sent Embassadour into Spain l. 3. p. 69. his conference with the King l. 3. p. 71. he returns to Bruxels ibid. He is sent again into Spain with the Marquess of Bergen l. 5. p. 113. he departs without his Colleague ib. hath audience of the King l. 5. p. 114. writes from Spain of the Kings coming into the Low-countries l. 5. p. 134. makes a jest of the Kings preparation for his journey l. 6. p. 22. is by the Kings command sent prisoner to Segovia l. 7. p. 42. he is condemn'd to lose his head ibid. and l. 7. p. 53. Florinaus Governour of Philipvil l. 9. p. 58. Florus Floiâ— Son to Charles Barlamont l. 10. p. 5. Flushing or Ulushing a part of Zeland l. 7. p. 72. Foarding of the river by art l. 7. p. 59. l. 8. p. 10. Of the Sea at Zeland l. 8. p. 11. Parallel'd with Cesars foarding of the Thames ibid. Form of the Oath proposed by the Covenanters l. 5. p. 107. by the Senate and States of the Low-countries l. 9. p. 39. Fortune various l. 1. p. 6 8. l. 3. p. 58. Frances wife to Henry King of France l. 7. p. 53. Franciscans turn'd out by Hereticks l. 5. p. 131. l. 9. p. 41. the bounty of the Spanish souldiers to them l. â— p. 5. Francisco Alava the King of Spain's Embassadour in France l. 5 p. 135. 140. Francisco Barberino l. 7. p. 60. B. Francisco Borgia Duke of Gandia a Jesuit l. 1. p. 10. Francisco Cardinal Pacâ—â—hò l. 3. p. 65. l. 4. p. 86. Francisco Cittadells of Lucca l. 8. p. 2. Francu Câ—cquevill comes with the Prince of Orange in his first Expedition into the Low-countries l. 7. p. 46. his army routed ibid. the Commanders carryed to Paris and beheaded ibid. Francis the first of France l. 1. p. 13 22. he erects an University at Paris l. 3. p. 55. prohibits Davids Psalms published by Marot l. 3. p. 63. severe to the Hereticks l. 3. p. 55. why he cool'd sometimes ibid. Francis the second of France l. 3. p. 56 58. Francis Duke of Guise l. 1. p. 11. l. 3. p. 56. Francis Hangest Lord of Ienlis brings supplies out of France to the
the siege of Valenciens l. 6. p. 10. sent by the Governesse into Spain to the King l. 6. p. 27 29. He assailes the Prince of Orange in his Camp l. 7. p. 54. Is put out of his Government of Frisland by a Tumult l. 9. p. 31. Imprison'd ibid. Releas'd ibid. sent into Spain by Don Iohn l. 10. p. 7. brings him new supplyes from the King ibid. Gaspar Schetz Lord of Grobendonch the Kings treasurer l. 4. p. 78. l. 9. p. 37. Gattinar vide Merturino Geldeys or Gelderland a Province of the Low-countries l. 1. p. 15. The Governour of Gelderland l. 1. p. 16. l. 2. p. 41. The Duke l. 1. p. 13. l. 7. p. 47. It s principality anciently belonging to the Dukes of Egmâ—nt l. 7. p. 53. The Townes of Gelderland revolt from the King l. 7. p. 73. They are recovered l. 7. p. 77. Gemblac famous for slaughter l. 9. p. 52. besieg'd by the Catholicks ibid. render'd ibid. The battel of Gemblac l. 9. p. 49. Geming a village l. 7. p. 55. The Battel of Geming ibid. The victory ibid. Genethliack presages l. 1. p. 113. l. 2. p. 43 44. Geneva l. 3. p. 57 63. l. 5. p. 121. l. 6. p. 26. Terrify'd by the fame of the King of Spain's army ibid Desires assistance of the French Calvinists ibid. Gentilina a Staffa of Perugia l. 8. p. 14. Gentlemen Covenanters for abolishing the Inquisition l. 5. p. 100 101. The sum of their Covenant or Engagement ibid. Many joyn with them Ibid. They have four Generals ibid. They prepare a Petition to be offered to the Governesse l. 5. p. 102. Put to the Question in Senate whether they should be admitted into the Town l. 5. p. 103. They enter Bruxells led by Brederod l. 5. p. 107. In Culemburg house ibid. They take a new hath ibid. They march orderly to the Court ibid. Brederod in their name speaks to the Governesse l. 9. p. 108. they present their petition ibid. Are dismist by the Governesse ibid. when they were gone their Petition was return'd them with an answer in the Margent l. 5. p. 109. They are feasted by Brederod ibid. The name of the Noble concord impos'd upon their Conspiracy ibid. They name themselves Gucux or Gheuses when they were high flown with mirth and drink ibid. They give a Coat of Armes suitable to their faction ibid. They walk the streets accouter'd like beggars l. 5. p. 110 whence these factions took their pattern l. 5. p. 115. Their boldnesse increases ibid. The Covenanters make the Gheuses give over plundering of Churches c. l. 5. p. 130. They design to send into Spain Calvinistical books and Ministers l. 5. p. 137. They and the Merchants promise mutual assistance ibid. They prescribe to all the Confession of Ausburg l. 5. p. 138. They institute Consistories and heretical Common-wealths ibid. They Confederate with the Heretical Princes of Germanie ibid. Assistance offer'd them by their Neighbours ibid. and by strangers even as far as from Constantinople ibid. The Report of the Kings coming for the Low-countries startles them l. 5. p. 140. The Governesse Courts them with letters and promises ibid. They hasten the Design of Armes l. 5. p. 141. Meet at Brèida l. 5. p. 142. Treat of opposing the King with an Army ibid. l. 6. p. 22. Endeavour to draw Count Egmâ—nt to a new Confederation l. 5. p. 142. would have presented a new Petition to the Governesse but are not admitted ibid. They send their Petition ibid. but have nothing Granted them l. 5. p. 143. They prepare men and armes threaten to revolt from the King l. 6. 4. 1. terrified by the Governesse they sue for pardon l. 6. p. 15. many renounce the Covenant ibid. The Contumacious leave the Low-countries l. 6. p. 16. Their ill fortune in Holland l. 6. p. 19. They are driven into Walerland ibid. taken in Gelderland ibid. Executed l. 6. p. 20. Some are taken into Grace ibid. They are much troubled at the Duke of Alva's coming l. 6. p. 29. Their Expressions of respect to the Governess at her Departure from the Low-countries l. 6. p. 57. They flye upon a fright l. 7. p. 46. They lay a plot in a Monastery to kill the Duke of Alva ibid. many of them beheaded by Alva l. 7. p. 48. They are taken prisoners in the field l. 7. p. 62. Their houses and estates in Haynoult plundered and wasted by the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 63. They desire their Neighbours helps against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 20. They make an agreement with the Prince of Orange ibid. They enter a league to expel the Spaniards out of the Low-countries ibid. At Gant they Consult about depriving the King of his Militia and Government l. 8. p. 21. They Confirm and publish the Association of Gant l. 9. p. 30. Their forces besiege Breda l. 9. p. 48. They attempt Ruremund and are beat off l. 9. p. 49. They are alienated from the Prince of Orange l. 9. p. 50. Their Army muster'd l. 9. p. 49. Their slaughter at the battel of Geâ—hlac l. 9. p. 50. Their grief for the taking of Limburg l. 10. p. 4. Their Joy upon the news that Alexander Farnizè and other great Commanders were slain ibid. Their Army l. 10. p. 7. vide Covenant Gheuses Lords and Nobility George of Austria Bishop of Liego l. 1. p. 18. George Fronsberge Colonel of a German Regiment impos'd upon Breda l. 9. p. 48. is besieg'd ibid. betray'd ibid. Delivered into the Enemies hands l. 9. p. 49. In the Expedition of Limburg l. 10. p. 1. George Holly a Germain Colonel l. 7. p. 51. George Lalin Lord of Vill l. 9. p. 31. Geâ—rard Grosbech Bishop of Liege denyes the Gheuses to hold their Convention at Centron or St. Truden l. 5. p. 119. Intercedes to the Governesse for the Matstrichters l. 6. p. 15. Frights the Prince of Orange from the Suburbs of Liege l. â— p. 63. Germanes Conspire with the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 58. They run away l. 7. p. 55. Stir up sedition ibid. and slain l. 7. p. 56. Demand their pay l. 7. p. 55. l. 8. p. 11. Render themselves to the Spaniards l. 8. p. 21. German Forces vide Army The Custome of the German Nobility in clothing of their Servants l. 4. p. 7â— Their Embassages l. 6. p. 17. Their Patronage implor'd by the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 41. Germanicus Caesar son to Drusus l. 7. p. 56. l. 10. p. 20. Geta a River Gbeuses when and why so call'd l. 5. p. 109. Compar'd with the Huganots l. 3. p. 61. Their habit l. 5. p. 110. Their Commanders present a petition to the Governesse l. 5. p. 111. They Counterfeit a Declaration in the name of the Knights of the Golden Fleece l. 5. p. 112. their Lies Credited ibid. 113. Their number encreases out of an opinion of impunity l. 5. p. 115. Their habit and Cognizance worn by the Common people ibid. They Convene at
him to the King l. 10. p. 20. The Kings continual suspition of him ibid. The Principality of the Low-Countries offered him and why ibid. He is inrag'd and abhors the Perswader ibid. His grief for the Kings Jealousie and Escovedo's death ibid. His complaints against the King ibid. He is sick in the Camp l. 10 p. 14. the Physicians prediction of him l. 10 p. 15. He transfers the Government of the Low-Countries upon Alexander Farnâ—e ibid. receives the Sacraments l. 10. p. 16. raves ibid. Dying makes three requests to the King ibid. Dies religiously ibid. How his death came to be hastened l. 10. p. 20. A conspiracy against his life ibid. His death deplored by the Army ibid. They compare him to Germanicus Caesar l. 10. p. 21. and to his father Charles the fifth ibid. His miliâ—ary Expeditions ibid. His desire of a solitary liâ—e ibid. His care of his Conscience and to purifie it by Confession especially before a Battel ibid. His piety ibid. 22. His liberality to the Souldiers l. 10. p. 21. His virtues as a General l. 10. p. 22. His daughters ibid. His custome to wear the hair of his foretâ—p upright l. 10. p. 21. The Contention of several Nations who should bear his body l. 10. p. 22. A crown set upon his head ibid. His obscquies in the Church of Namure ibid. His temporary sepulcher there ibid. his body dissected is privately conveyed into Spain l. 10. p. 24. set together again and shew'd to the King ibid. buried in the Escureall with Charles the fifth ibid. Iohn Baptista Bertius Secretary l. 6. p. 12 13. Iohn or Giovanni Baptista Castaneo Archbishop of Rossaza the Popes Nuncio l. 5. p. 132. his relation to Cardinal Alexandrino of the Commitment and death of Prince Charles l. 7. p. 43. Iohn or Giovanni Baptista Marquesse a Monte Commander of the horse at the battel of Mooch l. 8. p. 3. in the battel of Gemblas l. 9. p. 51. a pension assign'd him by the King l. 8. p. 3. In the battel of Rimenant l. 10. p. 9. at a Councell of War with Don Iohn and others l. 10. p. 7. Iohn Barnise Commander of horse l. 5. p. 132. Iolm Blaser l. 3. p. 6â— Iohn Blosius Treslong l. 7. p. 7â— Iohn Boccas a Jesuite l. 9. p. 40. Iohn the fourth Duke of Brahant l. 9. p. 36. Iohn Calvin l. 3. p. 56. vide Calvinists Iohn Cassembrot Secretary to Count Egmont l. 6. p. 33. 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 50. taken by the Duke of Alva's command l. 6. p. 33. beheaded l. 7. p. 49. Iohn Cassimir brother to the Prince Elector Palaâ—ine l. 10. p. 1 14. Iohn Croy Count Reuse l. 1. p. 17. Governour of Tornay l. 6. p. 8. one of the four mourners that held the corners of the hears-cloth when Iohn's corps was carried to Namure l. 10. p. 22. Iohn Friderick son to the late Elector of Saxony l. 5. p. 140. maintains a War against the Duke of Saxony l. 5. p. 141. Iohn Funch l. 9. p. 27. Iohn Glimè Marquess of Bergâ—n Governour of Haynault l. 1. p. 16. Justice in Eyre of the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 28. taken along by King Philip to his marriage with Mary Queen of England l. 3. p. 71. Elected Knight of the Golden Fleece l. 6. p. 28. slow to quiet tumults rais'd by hereticks l. 3. p. 62 64. At last he quiets them ibid. writes to the Pope in behalf of the Agent Molin l. 3. p. 66. conspires against Granvell l. 3. p. 69. Inveighers against him to the Governesse l. 3. p. 75. sent into Spain by her Excellence of Parma l. 5. p. 113. Is hurt by accident which puts off his journey ibid. when he was perfectly recovered the Governesse presses him to Depart l. 5. p. 117. Relapsing he sends his Major Domo before ibid. what he wrote of the King from Spain l. 5. p. 134. He cannot get leave to return to the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 27. He falls sick ibid. His complaints of the King ibid. 28. He dies ibid. His Elogie ibid. After his decease he was impeached and condemned by the Duke of Alva ibid. How the King disposed of his goods and heir ibid. Iohn Gnissius Bishop of Groninghen l. 7. p. 58. Iohn Hangest Lord of Ienlis marches out of France to relieve Mons l. 7. p. 74. fights with Duke Federico son to the Duke of Alva ibid. is Defeated Ibid. Iohn Hennim Count Bolduc sent for to compose the stirs at Valenciens l. 3. p. 64. Iohn Iames Medices Marquesse of Marigan l. 8. p. 9. Iohn Immarsel Pretor of Antwerp l. 5. p. 124 Ioln Lanoi Lord of Molembase Governour of Haynault l. 1. p. 16. Iohn Lignius Count Aremberg Governour of Frisland Over-ysell ibid. l. 3. p. 65. chosen one of the Knights of the Golden Fleece l. 7. p. 47. His difference with the Prince of Orange and Count â—gmont l. 3. p. 72 73. He withdraws himself from the Combination against Cardinal Granvell ibid. Likes not the Conspiracy of the Lords and Gentlemen nor the Covenant l. 5. p. 103. Ready to take armes for the King l. 5. p. 129 141. Pursues the fugitive Rebels l. 6. p. 19. Is by the Duke of Alva sent into France General of the Spanish foot and horse l. 6. p. 35. l. 7. 47. Encounters Lewis and Adulp of Nassau ibid. Recovers Dam and beats the Nassauvians ibid. fights a battel ibid. kills Adulph brother to the Prince of Orange and is himself slain by Adulp ibid. His army lost ibid. His Elogy ibid. His death otherwayes related l. 7. p. 48. his death and the death of Momerancy Constable of France compar'd together ibid. The Duke of Alva celebrates his funerals l. 7. p. 54. his losse reveng'd by the Sardinian Regiment l. 7. p. 57. Iohn the third King of Portugall l. 4. p. 92. Iohm Manric de Lara speaks at the Councell-board before the King l. 6. p. 23. Iohn Mamique at the battel of Rimenant l. 10. p. 12. Iohn Marnixius one of the first Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. Iohn Michese a Jew flyes from Spain to Antwerp l. 5. p. 138. from thence to Venice ibid. from Venice to Constanâ—â—â—ople ibid. Ingratiates himself with Selimus afterwards Emperour of the Turks ibid. 139. moves him to assist the Moores against the Spaniards Ibid. offers armes from Constantinople to the Low-Countrey Rebels ibid. Puts Selimus upon the war with Cyprus to spite the Venetians ibid. and in hope of the Kingdome of Cyprus Ibid. He is author of the firing of Venice Ibid. Iohn Momorancy Lord of Courir Governour of Frenâ—h Flanders l. 1. p. 16. His death l. 5. p. 123. Iohn de Nassau brother to the Prince of Orange l. 5. p. 132 134. Iohn Noreys Colonel of English l. 10. p. 10. Iohn Count of East Frizland l. 1. p. 16. Iohn Osorius Ulloa one of the Sea waders l. 8. p. 10. Commander of the Van 18. p. 11. Animates his men ibid arrives in Duveland fights and Conquers l.
4. p. 94. her Nuptials Celebrated at Bruxells and Parma ibid. l. 9. p. 44. she passeth from the Low-Countreys into Italy l. 4. p. 94. is met upon the way with Royal Pomp ibid. 95. she Reforms Parma ib. her pious Invention to obtain Sons from God ibid. P. Alex. veneration towards her ibid. the education of her sons ibid. 't is desired that she might govern the Low-countries l. 7. p. p. 69. her patience on her death-bed l. 4. p. 95. The King Condoles her death l. 9. p. 47. the daily exercises of her life written by her self l. 4. p. 95. Mary Mendoza l. 10. p. 23. Mary Momorancy wife to Count Mansfeldt l. 6. p. 12. sayles for Portugall to attend Princesse Mary into the Low-Countries l 4. p. 92. her suit for the life of her brother Count Horne l. 7. p. 49. Mary Stuart Queen of Scots wife to Francis the second of France l. 3. p. 56. a report that she is to be married to the Emperours son to the Prince of Spain and to the King of Navarre l. 3. p. 59. King Philip supplyes her with money l. 5 p. 104. the Pope and the King of Spain joyn in a designe to free her from imprisonment l. 8. p. 16. Marius Carafa Bishop of Naples in suit with the Vice-Roy Granvell l. 4. p. 82. Marius Carduin l. 6. p. 3. Marnixius vide Iohn Philip. Marot vide Clement Marquet the Monastery plundered l. 5. p 122. Marriage of Albret of Austria and Clara Isabella Eugenia l. 5. p. 132. of Alexander Farneze and Princesse Mary of Portugal l. 4. p. 92. l. 9. p. 44. of Alexander Medices and Margaret of Austria l. 1. p. 21. of Charles the Dolphin and Margaret of Austria daughter to the Arck-Duke Maximilian l. 1. p. 15. of Charles Emmanuel Duke of Savoy and Katherine of Austria l. 4. p 82 83. l. 6. p. 35. of Charles the ninth of France and Elizabeth daughter to the Emperour Maximilian l. 4. p. 88. of Charles Duke of Lorain and Claude daughter to King Henry of Feance l. 1. p. 20. of Emmanuel Duke of Savoy and Margaret sister to Henry the second l. 1. p. 13. of Francis the second of France and Mary Steuart l. 3. p. 56. of Henry of Nassau and Claudia Chalon l. 2. p. 43. of Henry King of Navarre and Margaret sister to Charles the ninth l. 7. p. 76. of Lodowick King of Hungary and Mary sister to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 14. 21. of Maximilian ark-Ark-Duke of Austria Mary daughter to Charles Duke of Burgundy l. 1. p. 15. of Octavio Farneze Margaret of Austria l. 1. p. 21 22. of the Prince of Orange and Anne Egmont l. 3. p. 53. and Anne Princesse of Saxony ibid. and Charlotte Bourbon l. 3. p. 54. of Philip the second of Spain and Mary daughter to Iohn King of Portugal l. 4. p. 92. and Mary Queen of England l. 1. p. 3 14. l. 3. p. 71. and Isabella daughter to Henry the second l. 1. p. 12 13. and Anne of Austria daughter to the Emperour Maximilian l. 7. p. 68. Martinengho vide Curtius Sarra Martin Ayala recovers Maestricht l. 8. p. 21. Martin Luther whence he took his beginning to stir up difference in Religion l. 2. p. 33. Edicts against him and Hereticks l. 2. p. 34. how he brought his Heresie into France l. 3. p. 56. vide Heresie and Lutherans Martin Aspilcueta Doctor of Navarre the Casuist what his opinion was in the Case of Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 44. Martin Prutius one of the Covenanters l. 7. p. 80. Martin Rithouvius Bishop of Ipre hated by the Hereticks l. 5. p. 132. the Messenger of and the assistant in the Deaths of Count of Egmont and Count Horne l. 7. p. 52. Masius vide Iames. Masse l. 7. p. 67. l. 10. p. 16. St. Matthew the Evangelist his day alike fatal to Charles the fifth and to his son Don Iohn of Austria l. 10. p. 15. St. Matthew's Feast the birth-day to Charles the fifth and Don Iohn l. 10. p. 16. Matthias Arch-Duke of Austria brother to the Emperor Rodolph is elected Governour of the Low-Countries l. 9. p. 38. brought from Germany into the Netherlands ibid. Jealousies concerning his private departure l. 9. p. 39. he enters the Low-Countries ibid. upon how many conditions he is received Ibid. the form of obedience promised to him ibid. his flight to Antwerp after he heard the Newes of the losse of Gemblac l. 9. p. 53. by the States he is confirmed Governour of the Low-Countries among the Conditions of Peace l. 10. p. 14. they treat with the King to confirm him l. 10. p. 23. Maurice Count Nassau is born l. 4. p. 87. baptized with Catholick Rites but his Godfathers were Hereticks ibid. by the United Provinces substituted in his Fathers place ibid. the Companion of his Fathers fortunes l. 7. p. 42. dyes of grief for the seige of Breda l. 4. p. 87. Maurice Duke of Saxony l. 1. p. 8. marrieth his Daughter Anne to the Prince of Orange l. 3. p. 53. Maximilian the first Emperor victorious at Guinigate l. 1. p. 15. marrieth Mary Dutchesse of Burgundy and Blanca Sfortza l. 1. p. 21. Artois and Burgundy are acknowledged to be his in the name of a Dowry l. 1. p. 15. both his wives killed as they were hunting l. 1. p. 21. Maximilian the second Emperour promiseth Philip the second of Spain to serve him with his best endeavours l. 4. p. 87. Disswades him from Invading the Low-Countries l. 5. p. 133. offers himself to arbitrate the Difference between the Governesse and the Covenanters ibid. writes to the Low-Countries to make a Peace ibid. by his Edict prohibits the Germans from bearing Armes against the King of Spain ibid. the Low-Countries desire to have him their Soveraign l. 5. p. 135. they sue for his Parronage l. 5. p. 138. the Governesse certifies him of the Low-countrey-mens Petition to be presented him at the next Diet l. 5. p. 140. his Daughter Designed for wife to Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 48. Maximilian brother to the Emperour Rodolph l. 9. p. 38. Maximilian a Bergen by Granvells means made Bishop of Cambray l. 2. p. 41. Celebrates the marriage-Masse at the Nuptialls of the Prince of Parma and Mary Princesse of Portugal l. 4. p. 94. Maximilian King of Bohemia Governes Spain for King Philip l. 7. p. 43. Maximilian Hennin Count Bolduc l. 1. p. 17. Admirall of the Belgick Seas l. 7. p. 69. attempts Valenciens l 6. p. 10. Convoyes the Queen into Spain l. 7. p. 69. is Governour of Holland he is sent by the Duke of Alva to the Brill l. 7. p. 72. repulst and his Fleet fired ibid. kept out of Dort ibid. defeated at Sea by the Covenanters and taken Prisoner l. 7. p. 81. Forsaking the Kings Party Commands the States Forces l. 9. p. 50. General for the Arch-Duke Matthias and the States at the Battel of Rimenant
l. 10. p. 9. Challenged to a battel by Don Iohn he keeps his Trenches Ibid. Counterfeits to flye l. 10. p. 10. the Site of his Camp and number of his Forces ibid. he renewes the fight ibid. sounds a retreat l. 10. p. 12. a Note upon his Management of that daies Battel ibid. he retreats to Tillemâ—nt l. 10. p. 13. Prince Casimir refuseth to obey him l. 10. p. 14. vide Iohn Hennin Maximilian Rassinghem Governour of French Flanders l. 5. p. 123. the Armeterians conspire against him l. 6. p. 6 7. he encounters and destroyes them ibid. enters Lisle victorious ibid. pursues the Tornois ibid. is sent into Spain by the Royal Senate l. 8. p. 19. imployed to the King by the Deputies of the Estates and by the Senators l. 8. p. 23. and by Don Iohn to the Deputies of the Estates l. 9. p. 35. a Maid Sacrilegiously slain in the Church l. 10. p. 3. of 3. years old buried digged up again and eaten l. 7. p. 80. Mâ—â—hlin a fair and rich City l. 7. p. 77. its Governour l. 5. p. 131. l. 6. p. 12. Churches in the Town assigned to Hereticks l. 5. p. 131. a fire there l. 7. p. 40. the King's Garrison refused l. 7. p. 75 77. 't is rendred to the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 75. recovered by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 77. when it was plundred how pious the Merchants and Souldiers were ibid. how much the Duke of Alva was hated for suffering of the spoil Ibid. 't is Garrisoned by the States l. 9. p. 53. attempted by Gonzaga when it was too late ibid. made an Arch-bishoprick l. 1. p. 18. its first Archbishop ibid. the Archbishop of Mâ—â—hlin delivers the Popes Present to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 64. Medalls how they came in use and accounted sacred l. 5. p. 111. Medalls of the Gheuses with the Picture and inscription of the King of Spain l. 5. p. 110. Medalls hallowed at Hall l. 5. p. 111. Megan vide Charles Brimè Lancâ—llot Barlamout Mehemet son in law to the Turkish Emperour Sclimus l. 5. p. 139. King of Tunis l. 10. p. 21. Meinser one of the first Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. Melancthon vide Philip. Mendoza vide Antonio Bernardino Didaco Maria. Menin a Town l. 5. p. 1â— 2. Mentz the Bishop and Elector l. 2. p. 30. l. 5. p. 134. Merchants bring in Heresie to the Low-countries l. 2. p. 36. one of them procures 3000 of Calvins volumes l. 5. p. 137. and payes the Prince of Orange's Army they fortifie themselves at Antwerp l. 7. p. 58. they conspire with the Gentlemen Covenanters l. 5. p. 137 raise money l. 5. p. 139. joyn with the Tornay Gheuses l. 6. p. 6. the great mens differences put them out of heart l. 6. p. 15. they transfer their Manifactures to Neighbour nations l. 6. p. 21. l. 7. p. 65. they steal out of the Low-countries into England l. 6. p. 34. â—ribute imposed upon them by the Duke of Alva l 7. p. 65 69. the piety of the Antwerp Merchants l. 7. p. 77. their losse when the Town was plundered l. 8. p. 24. Merchandise of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 14. l. 7. p. 66. of the Indies ibid. Mercurius Arboreus Cardinal Gatinar the Emperours Chancellor l. 2. p. 39. Merodius Lord of Petersemi sent by the Governesse to the Bus l. 6. p. 2. Contumeliously used by the People ibid. l. 6. p. 16. released and returned to the Governesse ibid. vide Bernard Messenger of Victory l. 7. p. 56 75. l. 9. p. 53. Of the last necessity l. 7. p. 52. Mettle Sacred vide Medalls Metz taken by the French attempted in vain by the Emperour l. 1. p. 8. Michael Hernandes a Jesuite upon the shore with Requesenes prayes for the men that are to wade the â—ea l. 8. p. 11. Michael Hovey 3. p. 64. Michese vide Iohn Michese Midelburg receives a Garrison from the Governesse l. 6. p. 20. is besieged by the Zelanders l. 8. p. 1. a Fâ—eet sent to relieve it by Requesenes Ibid. p. 2. rendered to the Hereticks ibid. the Townsemen redeem the plunder with a sum of money ibid. Milain l. 6. p. 30. the Milian-Regiment ibid. the Government of Milain l. 7. p 65. Military Discipline observed l. 6. p. 31. funeral poâ—p l. 1. p. 22. Stratagem l. 8. p. 21. Piety l. 7. p. 57 77. Military Proverb vide Proverb Militia of the Foot strengthened with a new invention l. 6. p. 30 31. Militia of the Knights of the Golden Fleece and St Iohns of Hierusalem vide Knights Militiâ— of Horse disposed l. 1. p. 17. and of the Foot l. 3. p. 52. Militia of the Low-Countries new-modelled l. 6. p. 30. Miracles l. 5. p. â— 31. l. 9. p. 40. l. 10. p. 5. Mode of Combing up the hair before l. 10. p. 21. of the Ammonites and Spaniards in punishing Women â— 7. p. 74. Mooch a Village l. 8. p. 3. the battel ibid. the description of the fight ibid. Moulin a Lawyer l. 3. p. 66. Mombrune a French Colonel l. 6. p. 26. Momorancy vide Anne Florence Lord of Montiny Heleonor Iohn Mary Philip. Mompencier the Duke l. 3. p. 54. Monastery of St. Michael l. 8. p. 22. of Greenvale l. 7. p. 46. Mondragonio vide Christopher Monfort a Town l. 8. p. 8. Money the best Spy to discover Princes Councels l. 5. p. 137. it Buyes out Hostile Injury l. 7. p. 75. sent by Gregory the 13. to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 36. lent him by Alexander Farneze l. 10. p. 16. sent to Alexander Farneze by the King l. 9. p. 48. and to the Governesse l. 1. p. 25. l. 4. p. 90. l. 5. p. 132. to the Queen of Scots l. 5. p. 104. and to his Great Commanders in the Low-countreys l. 10. p. 7. and to the Bishops l. 2. p. 32. to the Duke of Alva by Pius the fifth l. 7. p. 57. offered by his Holinesse to Margaret of Austria but refused l. 5. p. 115. lent by Don Iohn to the Deputies of the Estates l. 9. p. 32. by the Governesse sent into France l. 3. p. 60. Collected by the Covenanters l. 5. p. 139 141. taken by the Conquerors in the sack of Antwerp l. 8. p. 5 24. got by the Prince of Orange and how l. 7. p. 58. vide Plunder Stipend Tribute Monster at Liege l. 7. p. 40. Montesdocha vide Francisc. Mons a Town of Haynolt l. 7. p. 73. taken by Lewis of Nassau ibid. besieged by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 47. the fight before they suffered him to Encamp ibid. the Fortifications of the Besiegers ibid. a Monastery neer the Town taken ibid. Auxiliaries sent to the Town by Coligny Ibid. the Prince of Orange comes to relieve it l. 7. p. 75. it is rendred to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 77. a discription of the recovery of Mons ibid. Montiny vide Emmanuel Florence Montio vide Camillo Giovanni Baptista Monumental pillar erected
the Covenant l. 5. p. 100. Treasurer to the Gheuses l. 5. p. 141. taken by the Spaniards at the Hague l. 7. p. 81. intimate with the Prince of Orange ibid. he with three other exchanged l. 8. p. 2. imployed by the Prince of Orange to surprise Don Iohn l. 9. p. 34 35. Philip Melanctlhon his prediction of the Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 44. Philip Momorancy Count Horne Admirall of the Belgick Seas l. 1. p. 17. l. 7. p. 53. and Captain of the lifeguard ibid. Knight of the Golden fleece ibid. first trayles a pike under Charles the fifth ibid. his service at Saint Quintin ibid. appears against Granvell l. 1. p. 16. his malice and letter against Granvell l. 2. p. 41. l. 3. p. 72 â—3 l. 7. p. 51. Invited into Spain by the King but â—efuseth to goe l 3. p. 74. combines with others against Granvell ibid. l. 7. p. 49. is numbered among the Covenanters ibid. l. 5. p. 101. his complaints in Senate against the King l. 5. p. 104. moves his fellow-Knights to return their order to the King in Spain l. 5. p. 107. joynes with the Covenanters in Culemburg house l. 5. p. 110. and at a feast with the Prince of Orange ibid. votes it Senate against a warr l. 5. p. 129. the Covenanters sue to have him for their Protector l. 5. p. 120. he acts for the Hereticks l. 6. p. 1. being Governour of Tornay he assignes Churches to the Hereticks l. 5. p. 131. l. 7. p. 50. is present at the private meeting in Dendermund ibid. l. 5. p. 134. the Kings indignation against him ibid. he refuseth to take the oath of fidelity l. 6. p. 12. sends a coppy thereof to the Governess l. 6. p. 15. hath an aversion from the sight of Alva l. 6. p. 32. is drawn in by Count Egmont to meet the Duke at the Counsell boord ibid. arrested and disarmed l. 6. p. 33. imprisoned in the Castle of Gant l. 7. p. 49. many supplicate for him ibid. what was charged against him by the Kings Advocate ibid. p. 50. his answer to the particulars ibid. from Gant he is removed to Bruxells l. 7. p. 51. prepares himself for death l. 7. p. 52. is beheaded ibid. his Elogy l. 7. p. 53. many hate the Duke of Alva for putting him to death ibid. p. 58. Philip Norcarmius a Saint Aldegund Lieftenant Governour of Haynolt for the Marquis of Bergen l. 6. p. 5. puts a garrison into Valenciens ibid. offended at their inconstancy ibid. takes their commissioners along with him l. 6. p. 6. besiegeth the town ibid. p. 7. defeats the forces at Tornay ibid. enters the town victorious and punisheth them l. 6. p. 8. returns to the siege of Valenciens ibid. prepares for an assault ibid. takes the Suburbes l. 6. p. 10. coâ—es into Valenciens as a Conquerour ibid. p. 11. dis-ameth and punisheth the town ibid. his Encomion ibid. he goes into Brabant to reduce Maestricht l. 6. p. 15. takes the town l. 6. p. 16. punisheth their Rebellion ibid. goes for Holland ibid. p. 19. wounded at the siege of Harlem l. 7. p. 80. Philip Sega the Popes Numâ—â— to Don Iohn of Austria l. 9. p. 36. treats with the Deputies of the Estates and the Senators ibid. goes from the Low-Countreys into Spain l. 9. p. 37. Philip Staveley Lord of Glayoâ— Master of the Ordinance l 1. p. 17. Philip Valois vide Philip Duke of Burgundy Phisitians their custome l. 9. p. 28. their predictions l. 10. p. 15. Picenian Presâ—cture or the Government of Ancona l. 9. p. 36. Pictures made in contempt of God and the King l. 5. p. 141. in scorn of the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 72. Piety to our Lady of Hall l. 5. p. 111. of the Spaniards in battel l. 7. p. 55 57. of the Mutineers and Merchantâ— at Antwerp l. 7. p. 77. Pigeons carry Letters to and from the besieged in Harlem l. 7. p. 79. and at the siege of Leyden l. 8. p. 7. Pilot l. 4. p. 93. l. 6. p. 19. Piracy exercised in Holland and Frizland l. 7. p. 71. much confluence to the Pirats out of France and Great-Brittain l. 7. p. 73. vide plunder Pisans illuded by Charles the eighth l. 9. p. 34. Piscorio vide Charles Davalo Pius the fourth P. M. how he endowed the new Bishopâ— in the Low-countries l. 2. p. 29. he Creates Granvâ—il Cardinal with 17. others l. 3. p. 54. endeavours to draw the King of Navarre from favouring the Hereticks l. 3. p. 58. his servants in the Conclave offended at the Spanish Embassadour l. 3. p. 65. how activeâ—hâ— was to get the Councel of Trent promulgated l. 4. p. 85. he offends the King of Spain ibid. intends to trouble Octavio Duke of Parma l. 4. p. 91. his Death l. 4. p. 81. Pius the fifth P. Max. makes a League against the Yâ—â—kâ— l. 4. p. 81. sends the Christian Colours and Admiralâ—s Staffe to Don Iohn of Austria ibid. he first consented Medals to increase the Devotion of the Low-countrey men l. 5. p. 111. grants Indulgences to those that wear those Medalls ibid. perswades the King of Spain to visite the Low-Countries with an Army l. â— p. 114. l. 6. p. 21. sends an Agent to the Governesse l. 5. p. 114. Commends and offers her assistance ibid. desires her to send his Letters to the Prince of Orange and Count Culemburg ibid. informes the King of Calvinistical books found at Tholous and Lyons l. 7. p. 45. animateâ— the Duke of Alva against the Gheuses wiâ—h Letters and money l. 7. p. 57. the Duke of Alva's Victory ascribed to his prayers ibid. for which he gives Solemn thanks to God ibid. sends a hallowed Helmet and Sword to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 64. his Letters absolving the Low-Countrey men of Heresie l. 7. p. 68. praiseth Alexander Fâ—rneze l. 9. p. 46. dyes l. 4. p. 82. Platerius vide Imbertus Plots against Don Iohn l. 10. p. 20. of the Hugonots against their King l. 6. p. 35. of the enemy l. 7. p. 60. discovered l. 10. p. 10. against the Duke of Alva at the Monastery of Greenvale l. 7. p. 46. Poysoned or suspected to be poysoned l. 6. p. 28. l. 10. p. 20. Plunder of Oudenaeâ—d by the Prince of Orange l. 7. p â—5 and of Amersort by the Gheuses Ibid. of Antwerp by the Spaniards l. 8. p. 23. of Mechlin by the same l. 7. p. 77. of Nardhem by the same of Rome by Divers l. 7. p. 78. of Churches l. 1. p. 9. of Dendermund by the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 75. of Maâ—shicht by the Spaniards l. 8. p. 21. of Zuâ—phen by the same l. 7. p. 77. of other Cities and Townes ibid. p. 75. of Scander Eâ—shaw and Mustapha's ships l. 9. p. 46. at the Sack of Antwerp l. 8. p. 23. Predatory ships redeemed l. 7. p. 77. vide piracy Poesie sacred and prophan l. 3. p. 63. Polvillerius Colonel of
a German Regiment beats the Confederates from Ruâ—emund l. 9. p. 49. raiseth men in Germany l. 10. p. 7. Pomp vide Funeral and Triumphal Portugal taken by Philip King of Spain l. 7. p 82 Portugal Ships with Indian Lading taken by the English l. 7. p. 66. Pope Prisoner in the Castle of St. Angelo l. 1. p. 9. Ports of England interdicted to the Ships of Holland l. 7. p. 71 72. Port of Brill and Encâ—â—ysen in Holland ibid. of Calice in France l. 1. p. 11. of Vlushing in Zeland l. 7. p. 72. of Graveling in Flanders l. 1. p. 11. vide Fleet and Ships Presages and predictions of Charles the fifth concerning the Low-Countries l. 2. p. 37 38. of Lucas Gauricus upon Henry the second of France l. 1. p. 13. of Meâ—lancthon upon the Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 43 44. of Paul the third upon Alexander Faraâ—ze l. 9. p. 43. of Pius the fifth touching the danger of Religion in the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 21. of future Calamities l. 7. p. 40 53. l. 9. p. 49. of prosperous Successe l. 8. p. 11. vide Prodigies President of the Privy Councel l. 1. p. 25. of Castile l. 4. p. 82. l. 6. p. 23. Pretor of Antwerp l. 5. p. 124. Priest turn'd out of Antwerp l 9 p. 40. and Amsterdam l. 10. p. 5. Banitâ—hed from Great Britain fed and supplyed by the King of Spain l 4. p. 83. put to death with barbarous torments l. 7. p. 75. their Figures tyed to Posts and whipped l. 7. p. 78. whether Priests and Religious may write of War and things Prophane l. 1. p. 2. one praying for the Souldiers wading the Sea l. 8. p. 11. wide Religious Princes must imitate Iupiter l. 4. p. 85. what the Philosophy of Princes is l. 5. p. 147. Priviledges of Branat vide Brabant and Bruxells Priviledge of the Ioyful-Entry l. 2. p. 30. Prodigies at the Death of Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 8. before the Low-Countrey War l. 7. p. 40. seen in Heaven l. 7. p. 59. observed at Florence l. 1. p. 22. at Lovain l. 7. p. 53. vide Comets Eclipse and Presages Proscription published against the Prince of Orange l. 2. p. 45. his defence l. 1. p. 4. vide Apology Proscription of Martin Luther l. 2. p. 34. of the Covenanters l. 7. p. 42. Prosper Sanctacruz Paul the fourth's Nuncio in France l. 3. p. 58. Protestation of the Spanish Embassadour to Pope Pius the fourth at Rome l. 4. p. 85. Proverb Military among the Walloâ—â— Souldiers against timerous Scouts l. 7. p. 54. Proverb of the Valencenians a proud one l. 6. p. 5. Provinces of the Low-Countries their Division vide Low Countries Psalter turned into Meeter l. 3. p. 63. sung in Frenâ—h by the Hereticks l. 3. p. 61. l. 5. p. 117. 124. condemned by Edict l. 3. p. 64. Punishment â—alls by lot upon the Author of the Crime l. 6. p. 31. of the English that sought the life of Don Iohn l. 10. p. 20. of Anthony Strall l. 7. p. 49. of an Apostate l. 4. p. 83 84. prepared for the Citizens of Bruxells l. 7. p. 70. of Casembrâ—t l. 7. p. 49. of the Covenanters l. 7. p. 40. of Dui l. 7. p. 49. of Hereticks l. 3. p. 62 65. l. 4. p. 96. l. 5. p. 130. l. 6. p. 11 20. l. 7. p. 75. of the Harlemers l. 7. p. 78 79. of the Spaniards ibid. p. 72. of Lanoi l. 3. p. 62. of Moro l. 5. p. 107. of the Gentlemen Covenanters l. 7. p. 48 72 74. of the Lords l. 7. p. 52. of Rebels l. 6. p. 4 19 20. of an Hereticall Minister l. 4. p. 83 84. of the Seditious l. 9. p. 56. of the men taken at Sichem l. 9. p. 55. of Spell l. 7. p. 49. vide Condemnation and Mulct Pyramo Conrado brother to Don Iohn by the Mother l. 10. p. 24. Pieâ—rho Malvezzi designed Colonel of the Italians l. 10. p. 7. Sentences in P. IT concernes PARTICULARS that the Generality should be governed l. 2. p. 37. No tye can oblige the PERFIDIOUS l. 6. p. 11. 'T is Lawful for the poorest Peasant to PETITION l. 5. p. 103. PRINCES never can offend alone l. 5. p. 15. It is of great Concernment to get a habite of PIETY whilest thou hast thy Vnderstanding that when thou art not t'y self thou canst not but be Pious l. 10. p. 16. They do ill that make the Favourers and Pityers of their Cause Spectators of the PUNISHMENT l. 7. p. 53. The Philosophy of PRINCES is to dive into the secrets of Men leaving the Secrets of Nature to such as have spare time l. 5. p. 137. The people take it as a favour from their PRINCE to be punished by his hand left they be enforced to endure torments enflicted by a Servant l. 6. p. 21. Easily will Nature shrink into her own Stature and Condition if PRIDE that puffs up and distracts her do but once evaporate l. 1. p. 6. PRINCES dislike not their Ministers Ansterity rendring them inaccessible to the subtile Flatterer l. 7. p. 83. Treasons are not believed to be plotted against any PRINCE that is not slain l. 9. p. 37. Without a Scene and admiring Spectators PROUD men do but coldly act their parts l. 1. p. 25. Some mens PROUD Natures are inraged if forbidden but if left to themselves will in time recover l. 4. p. 79. 'T is a fault in humane Nature to conceive things greater because PROHIBITED l. 5. p. 117. No PROUD man ever carried himself like a Servant to any over whom he did not hope to be a Master l. 8. p. 33. Q. Question of Tributes l. 7. p. 71. in the Councell of Trent of place between the Spanish and French Embassadour l. 4. p. 85. Composed ibid. revived at Rome ibid. determined by the Pope Ibid. Questions of Faith agitated l. 2. p. 39. Quesâ—oy Q. Cicero l. 8. p. 8. Q. Sertorinus l. 1. p. 6. Quirin Hill l. 9. p. 40. Quisciada vide Aloysto R. RAge of Women against stragling Fugitives l. 1. p. 12. Raiters routed by the Lanciers l. 8. p. 4. Ranuccio Farneze Duke of Parma Piacenza is born l. 4. p. 95. l. 9. p. 44. how he was begged of God l. 4. p. 95. Raphael Barberino Uncle to Pope Vrban the third l. 7. p. 60. sets down the particulars of those battles whereat he was present ibid. advertiseth the Duke of Alva of the Prince of Orange's Designes l. 7. p. 61. is sent by Alva to the Queen of England l. 7. p. 66. returnes the Duke the Queene's answer and the state of the Cause Ibid. prepareâ— Shipping for the Zeland Expedition l. 8. p. 9. raiseth Fortifications at their Entrance into Zeland ibid. Doth many Services in Vitellâ—'s place ibid. p. 10. wades over the Sea ibid. Raphael Manrique l. 9. p. 47. Rapine vide Plunder Rassinghem vide Maximilian Ramund de Tassis Principal Secretary to the King of Spain l. 7. p. 44. Rebellion of the
the association of Gant l. 9. p. 30. dislikes the Design of his brother Matthias going to take upon him the Government of the Low-countries l. 9. p. 38. is angry with Maximilian privy to the Plot ibid. many suspect that the Emperour was not angry in earnest ibid. p. 39. Rome a very Gossip for newes l. 4. p. 86. the Conclave l. 3. p. 65. l. 4. p. 81. the Sack l. 1. p. 9. Nobility l. 9. p. 43. Pope l. 1. p 7 9 22. l. 5. p. 134. Victory known by the Armes of the Sabines l. 7. p. 56. the Dictator l. 9. p. 36. Theaters l. 8. p. 7. their Veneration to the Crucifix l. 9. p. 43. the Kingdome of the Romans transferred to another l. 1. p. 5. a Vow made against the Romans l. 3. p. 51. the Belgick Conspiracy to eject them l. 1. p. 2. l. 8. p. 21. hatred to the Roman Religion l. 8. p. 8. Romero vide Iuliano Ronell a River l. 6. p. 10. Rotterdam l. 8. p. 7. Rumour that Charles the fifth was drowned l. 1. p. 23. and Octavio Farneze ibid. that Don Iohn was fled the Low-countries l. 10. p. 4. that he was to be married to Queen Elizabeth of England l. 10. p. 20. that he was poysoned ibid. that Alexander Farneze was killed l. 10. p. 4. that Count Megan was dead l. 7. p. 48. that Hierg was dead l. 10. p. 4. that Charles Prince of Spain was made away l. 7. p 45. that Mondragonio was dead l. 10. p. 4. that Philip the second was killed l. 4. p. 77. that he was to come into the Lowcountries l. 5. p. 140. that the Prince of Orange was slain l. 10. p. 9. that the Low-countrey Lords had conspired against the King l. 5. p. 99. that the Covenanters would come to Bruxells l. 5. p. 103. that Granvell was to return into the Low-countries l. 4. p. 81. l. 7. p. 68 69. that the Castle of Limburg was fired c. l. 10. p. 4. that Charles the ninth of France had concluded a Peace with the Hugonots l. 7. p. 73. that the King of Navarre was to be married to the Queen of Scots l. 3. p. 59. Rupelmund the attempt of an Heretical Priest there Prisoner l. 4. p. 83. Ruremund stormed by the Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 75. besieged by the Estates l. 9. p. 49. relieved Ibid. Ruart of Brabant a title conferred by the Estates upon the Prince of Orange l. 9. p. 36. what king of Magistracy it was ibid. what persons have been formerly elected ibid. Rythovius Bishop of Ipre vide Martin Sentences in R. RELIGION among Hereticks is not their own but accidental and translatitious l. 5. p. 138. RELIGION and Law are to be Patronized and upheld as the Pillars of a Kingdome l. 1. p. 4. Cities seldome change RELIGION onely l. 3. p. 36. As often as the Sacred Anchor of RELIGION is weighed so often the Ship of the Common-VVealth is tossed l. 2. p. 36. RELIGION once lost can never be repaired with addition either of VVealth or Empire l. 5. p. 123. In acute diseases sometimes desperate REMEDIES are not unskilfully applyed l. 10. p. 11. Never did any Army RETREAT without some losse l. 10. p. 8. S. SAbina Palatina â—avier married to Count Egmont l. 7. p. 53. her humble Petition for her husbands life sent into Spain l. 7. p. 49. Sabines fighting with the Romans by the Bank of Anio l. 7. p. 56. Sacrâ—moro Burago l. 9. p. 57. Salvator Bishop of Clusino l. 1. p. 18. Samaniego l. 10. p. 7. Samblemont a Colonel l. 9. p. 54. Sencerre in Aquitain its siege compared with the Siege of Harlem l. 7. p. 79 80. Sancho Avila Captain of the Duke of Alva's Life-Guard l. 6. p. 30. sets a Guard upon Culemburg house l. 6. p. 33. beats Hochstrat beyond the Moes l. 7. p. 46. is wounded l. 7. p. 63. commands a Fleet for the relief of Midleburg l. 8. p. 2. defeats Lewis of Nassau at Mooch l. 8. p. 3. the Mutiny of the Spaniards against him l. 8. p. 4. General of the Foot in the Zeland Expedition l. 8. p. 9. Sailes into Philipland ibid. from thence to Duveland l. 8. p. 13. his Complaints against the Royal Senate and Theirs against him l. 8. p. 18. he supplyes the Spaniards at Alooft ibid p. 22. being Governour of the Fort at Antwerp he receives the Spaniards marching thither ibid. with-holds the Souldiers at the Sack of Antwerp l. 8. p. 24. departs out of the Low-Countries with the Spaniards l. 9. p. 32. Sancho Leva son to Sancho Vice-Roy of Navarre l. 10. p. 6. Sancho Londognio a Colonel l. 6. p. 30. takes the Consul of Antwerp by Orders from the Duke of Alva l. 6. p. 33. Sanctaâ—ruâ— vide Prospero Saint 〈◊〉 the Church l. 9. p. 44. the Battle l. 1. p. 11. l. 7. p. 53. General of the Horse l. 1. p. 11. Sardinia offered in lieu of the Kingdome of Navarre l. 3. p. 59. Sardinian Regiment l. 6. p. 30. l. 7. p. 47. burnes many Villages l. 7. p. 57. punished by the Duke of Alva ibid. 58. how much was lost by that fire ibid. Sarra Mortinengo serves in France l. 9. p. 57. Savoy the Dukedome l. 5. p. 137. l. 6. p. 21. Savoy the Duke l 2. p. 44. l. 6. p. 30. marrieth Katherine daughter to the King of Spain l. 4. p. 82 83. l. 6. p. 35. vide Emanuel Philibert Saulio vide Antonio Saxony the Electorate l. 5. p. 116. Sâ—x the Duke l. 1. p. 8. vide Augustus Maurice Saying of the Duke of Alva touching the Punishment due to the Gaâ—tois l. 7. p. 39. touching the Princes confederate against his King l. 7. p. 59. touching the King recalling him from Exile l. 7. p. 82. Of the Courage of Vitelli l. 7. p. 62. of the Mutineers of Alooâ—t l. 8. p. 22. Of the Lowâ—countrey men concerning Alva l. 7. p. 9â— of Charles the fifth after the Abdication of this Empire l. 1. p. 5. touching the Nature of the Low-countrey men l. 6. p. 23. of the Magnitude of Gant l. 7. p. 39. of a Captain to Charles the fifth l. 1. p. 10. of Cardinal Granvell when he heard the Prince of Orange was not caught l. 6. p. 33 34. of the besieged Leideners l. 8. p. 6. of Octavi◠〈◊〉 touching the â—â—ity of Neighbour Princes l. 4. p. 91. of Philip the second relating to the Duke of Alva's Death l. 7. p. 82. of Vitelli to the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 60. of the Common people on the General of an Army l. 7. p. 83. vide Words Scamaneler a River l. 1. p. 2. Scander Bashaw wounded taken by Alexander Faâ—neze l. 9. p. 46. Scaremberg sent to meet the German Embassadours l. 6. p. 18. answers them in Senate in the Governesse's name ibid. Scauwemburg a Colonel sent for from Germany to the siege of Valencians l. 6. p. 8. comes with his Regiment ibid. appointed with part thereof to
2. p. 32. vide Inquisition Or the punishment of Delinquents l. 2. p. 34 35. vide Heresie and punishment Or the alienation of the Nobility l. â— p. 37. Occasioned by Granvell l. 3. p. 75. by the Kings Letter l. 4. p. 96. by the Edicts proposed by the Governesse l. 5. p. 98. by the Duke of Alva l. 7. p. 39. by taxes l. 7. p. 75. by Mutineers vide Sedition and the Beginning of the Low-Countrey Tumults how it came l. 2. p. 46. l. 3. p. 61. a general Pardon for the Tumults l. 7. p. 67. vide Pardon Tumults in France l. 3. p. 55 57 58. vide Guises Conspiracy the French and Low-Countrey Tumults compared together l. 3. p. 55 61. Tumults of the Moores in Spain l. 7. p. 45 66. at 〈◊〉 against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 18. at Antwerp l. 5. p. 117. l. 6. p. 3. l. 8. p. 22. at Bolilue and Maestriâ—ht 1. 6. p. l. at â—â—nt l. 5. p. 132. 1. 6. p. 24. at Valenciens l. 3. p. 63. Tunis the Royal Seat of Libia taken by assault l. 10. p. 19. the Expedition of Tunis l. 7. p. 69. l. 10. p. 21. Turks fire the Arcenal at Venice l. 5. p. 139. Turkish Fleet at Lepanto l. 9. p. 4â— the Treasurer of their Army ibid. Turkish Garrison at Navarine Ibid. Tunius the Secretary sent by the Governesse to the Bishop of Lieg l. 6. p. 16. to Brederod l. 6. p. 19. by him retained ibid. sent away by night from Amsterdam ibid. imployed by the Duke of Alva to the Queen of England l. 7. p. 66. Tuscany l. 8. p. 14. Twâ—ntieth part vide Taxes Sentences in T. SLander is a Shipwrack by a dry TEMPEST l. 3. p. â—7 THREATS proportioned to the greatest Spirits will at last humble them l. 4. p. 82. In a TROUBLED State the most present Remedy is for one Man to Rule l. 8. p. 17. V. VAbrince a Bishoprick in France l. 2. p. 31. Vadamont the Count l. 7. p. 53. Vahal a River l. 8. p. 9. Vaâ—dersong appointed a Captain of Foot by the King l. 5. p. 132. Valdez vide Francisco Valenciens a City l. 6. p. 5. impatient of their Rulers ibid. the Tumults therein l. 3. p. 61 63. composed l. 3. p. 64. the state of the Town l. 6. p. 5. the Valencentians Commanded by the Governesse to receive a Garrison Ibid. after some tergiversation they refuse ibid. are pronounced Rebels l. 6. p. 6. besieged l. 6. p. 8. the King unwilling to have them stormed ibid. besieged yet more straightlie ibid. the Assault limited by the Kings Order l. 6. p. 9. they are invited to render by Count Egmont and Duke Areschot ibid. they Sally out by night l. 6. p. 10. the Site of the Town ibid. the battery ibid. the Valencenians Treat ibid. they yield to mercy ibid. and so escape storming Ibid. p. 11. the City is disarmed ibid. the Authors of the Rebellion Executed ibid. the State Sacred and Civil restored ibid. the Fort demolished l. 9. p. 38. Valentine Pardieu Lord de la Mott Commands the Forces of Flanders l. 6. p. 3. Master of that Ordinance l. 9. p. 50. carried out of the field wounded l. 7. p. 80. St. Valery stormed l. 7. p. 46. Vallidolid l. 1. p. 6. l. 10. p. 18 19. Valois vide Philip Duke of Burgundy Valois vide Margaret Vanâ—â—st vide Iohn Margaret Vargas vide Alphonso Francisco Iuan. Vaâ—â—â—ination vide Presage Venice fired l. 5. p. 139. who was the plotter of it Ibid. Verdugo vide Francisco Venerus Ginnich Embassadour from the Duke of Iuliers l. 9. p. 36. Verse about half Moones worn in hats to expresse their hatred to the Roman Religion l. 8. p. 8. of Ovid. Sited upon the Death of Charles Prince of Spain l. 7. p. 45. Vesâ—â—â—â—ch imployed from Antwerp to Spain l. 8. p. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Emperour l. 1. p. 2. Vestarhoâ—â— raisâ—â—â— Horse in Saxony l. 5. p. 138 Viennâ— a Town of Holland l. 6. p. 1 20. Vibaldus Riperda General and Governour of Harlem dyes l. 7. p. 80. Victory of Actium l. 9. p. 46. at the River Eâ—s l. 7. p. 56. at Calicâ— l. 1. p. 11. at the River Geta l. 7. p. 61. at Graveling l. 1. p. 11. at St. Gisâ—en l. 7. p. 74. at Gemblaâ— l. 9. p. 52. at Limburg l. 10. p. 1. at Mons in Haynâ—lt l. 7. p. 76. at Ostervell l. 6. p. 3. at St. Quintin l. 1. p. 11. in the Isle of Duveland l. 8. p. 13. at Mooch l. 8. p. 3. over the Armenterians and Tornois l. 6. p. 7. over the Hugoâ—ots l. 3. p. 62. l. 6. p. 34. l. 7. p. 64 74. over Mustapha's Galley l. 9. p. 46. in the War of Portugall l. 7. p. 82. by every 10. Spaniards over as many thousands of the Enemy l. 9. p. 31. the Sea-Victories of the Prince of Orange l. 8. p. 2. and of the Hollâ—nders frequent for ten yeares together l. 7. p. 73. thought to be a miracle l. 7. p. 57. moderation in Victory l. 10. p. 13. the newes of Victory strangely brought to the Groine l. 7. p. 56. the Victory of the Spaniards parallel'd with one of the Romans ibid. vide Expedition Vid. Caboce slain in a duel in the French Kings presence l. 1. p. 13. Vieâ—â—lus vide Henry Viglius vide Ulricus Villa of Henry King of France l. 9. p. 57. Villapardo l. 10. p. 19. Villagarcia l. 10. p. 17. Villages fired l. 7. p. 57. Viller Commands the Covenanters Horse l. 6. p. 1. moves the Bishop of Lieg to suffer their meeting at Centron l. 5. p. 119. Villers a French Marquis joynes with Count Aremberg at Amiens l. 6. p. 35. Villers Commands the Carabines for the Estates l. 9. p. 50. defends Nivell l. 9. p. 56. vide Iustus Villers Villres General for the Covenanters l. 7. p. 49. is ordered by the Prince of Orange from Iuliers to passe the Moes l. 7. p. 46. routed and taken Prisoner ibid. 49. executed ibid. Villet Granvells Countrey-man undertakes his Murther l. 4. p. â—â—0 Vilvord too late attempted by Gonzaga l. 9. p. â—3 Vilvord-Prison l. 5. p. 101. Vinglius one of the Covenanters infests Holland l. 6. p. 19. defeated ibid. executed ibid. Vincentio Carafa Prior of Hungaâ—y appointed Colonel of Italians l. 10. p. 7. Violaters of holy Images punished l. 6. p. 17 20. vide Iâ—â—nomachy Vervich l. 5. p. 1â—0 Visurgis a River l 7. p. â—6 Vitelli vide Chiapinâ— Camillo Nicolao Paulo Viterlotio Vitelli. l. 8. p. 14. Ulloa vide Alphonso Iuan Osorio Magdalen Ulricus Viglius Zuitchem President of the Privy Coâ—ncel l. 1. p. 25. l. 3. p. 68. faithfull to Granvell Ibid l 4. p. 78. numbered among the Cardinallists ibid. 31. the Gheuses threaten him l. 5. p. 129. affectionate to his Religion and his King l. 8. p. 17. arrested in Senate and committed Prisoner l. 8. p. 20. Ulutial the Turkish Admiral l. 9. p. 46. Vlysses l. 3. p. 10.
Voluntary inheritance l. 1. p. 4. Vorne an Isle of Holland l. 7. p. â—2 Votive Monument l. 7. p. 48. Urban VII P. M. l. 5. p. 132. Urban VIII P. M. l. 7. p. 60. Vrsel imployed from Antwerp into Spain l. 3. p. 66. Utricht honoured with the prerogative of an Archbishoprick l. 1. p. 18. the Townsmen out the Catholicks from their Churches l. 5. p. 131. threaten to revolt from the King l. 6. p. 1. Vulgar Apostles who l. 3. P. 61. Vulgar interpretation of the Hoods l. 4. p. 78. vâ—de peole Uzeda l. 7. p. 112. Sentences in V. VICES that passe from hand to hand are soiled with being touched and grow still fouler l. 5. p. 115. It is not easie to hold mens hands when VICTORY showes them at once revenge and booty l. 8. p. 24. What is VISIBLE is slighted l. 1. p. 8. UNSOUND minds like unsound bodies the more you feed the more you poyson them lib. 9. p. 34. The VOTE which nature extorts we think is given to the Cause when indeed we give it to our humour l. 6. p. 13. W. WAcken sent Admiral into Spain l. 6. p. 32. Walcheren an Island l. 6. p. 2. l. 8. p. 1. Waterland an Isle l. 6. p. 19. West a River l. 10. p. 1. Westphalia l. 2. p. 36. Wight an Isle of England and its Governour l. 8. p. 33. Willebroc a Village l. 6. p. 14. Wâ—rkâ—me l. 8. p. 9. Wallet an Emblem of the Gheuses l. 5. p. 110. Wallets stuck upon Spear-points l. 8. p. 10. Water-Gheuses l. 7. p. 71. William Count Bergen one of the four first Covenanters l. 5. p. 102. at Bruxells l. 5. p. 107 109. feasted with them ibid. goes with them to the Governesse l. 5. p. III. retires into Gelderland ibid. l. 6. p. 15. is impeached l. 7. p. 41. condemned in absence ibid. victorious in Zutphen l. 7. p. 73. defeated l. 7. p. 77. William Bâ—osius Treslong one of the first Water-Ghenâ—es l. 7. p. 71. turns Pirat ibid. beats the Spaniards and fires their Ships l. 7. p. 72. is the Cause of hanging Alvares Pacecho ibid. William Bronchorst dyes l. 7. p. 10. William Duke of Cleve l. 9. p. 101. l. 9. p. 30. William Horne Lord of Mese Governour of Bruxells l. 8. p. 20. by order from him the Royal Senators are Imprisoned ibid. the Prince of Orange's Emissary l. 9. p. 34. Commands a Regiment at the Battle of Gemblâ—â— l. 9. p. 50. Ingrateful to Don Iohn l. 9. p. 35. Adviseth the Jesuites to take the Oath l. 9. p. 40. his Enmity with the Prince of Orange l. 1â— p. 9. what â—is End was l. 9. p. 34. William Luâ—â— descended from the Counts e Marchâ— Commander of Horse among the Covenanters l. 6. p. 1. irreconcilable to the name of Catholick l. 7. p. 58. his Vow to revenge the Death of Count Egmont and Count Horn ibid. General of the Water-Gheuses l. 7. p. 71. his hatred to the Duke of Alva ibid. signified in his Colours ibid. he robs at Sea ibid. takes and fortifies Brill l. 7. p. 72. destroyes things Sacred ibid. is pictured putting a pair of Spectacles upon the Duke of Alva's Nose ibid. by his means the Rebel-Cities submit to the Prince of Orange ibid. his own Men offended with him l. 7. p. 80. Cassed by the Prince of Orange ibid imprisoned and banished ibid. overthrown at the battel of Gemblac he flyes to Lieg ibid. dyes miserably ibid. William of Nassau Prince of Orange l. 1. p. 5. his family birth presages Ancestors l. 2. p. 43 44. His Education with Mary sister to Charles the fifth ibid. Gentleman of the Bed-chamber to the Emperour ibid. his Services of War Civil imployments and favour with the Emperour ibid. Carries the Imperial Crown to Ferdinand King of the Romans l. 1. p. 5. l. 2. p. 44. is by Caesar commended to his son Philip ibid. Chosen Knight of the Golden Fleece ibid. the Instrument of making peace with and Hostage to Henry King of France ibid. p. 46. the Causes of his discontent and designes l. 2. p. 44. his Wit and Manners l. 2. p. 45. the splendor of his house-keeping Ibid. what his Religion was ibid. he Studies Machiavil l. 2. p. 46. his marriages l. 3. p. 53. his daughter born l. 3. p. â—1 and his son Maurice l. 4. p. 87. General of the Spanish Horse in the Low-countries l. 2. p. 28. Governour of Holland Zeland and ulricht l. 1. p. 16. and Burgundy l. 1. p. 17. designed by the people's wishes for Governour of all the 17. Provinces l. 1. p. 19. which he saith he ought to be of right l. 2. p. 45. what hindered him l. 1. p. 19. out of hope of the Government l. 2. p. 45. from whence sprung his indignation and complaints against the King l. 2. p. 38. and his alienation l. 3. p. 67. his Envy and Emulation against Granvell l. 2. p. 39 41 42. who did him mischief l. 3. p. 54 67 68. when he took the first occasion of raise troubles ibid. whence the beginning l. 2. p. 46. l. 5. p. 100. he favours the Seditious Citizens and Hereticks l. 2. p. 46. l. 3. p. 66. drawes in Count â—gmont l. 3. p. 68. with whom he is compared l. 3. p. 70. exasperates the Brabanters l. 3. p. 68. combines against Granvell l. 3. p. 69 71. writes against him to the King l. 3. p. 72. his Complaints at the Convention of the Golden Fleece l. 3. p. 69. and in Senate before the Governesse l. 3. p. 75. his dissention with Count Aremberg l. 3. p. 73. and with Duke Areschot l. 5. p. 103. resolves to come no more to Senate l. 3. p. 75. advertiseth the Governesse of the Lords Conspiracy l. 5. p. 99. whether he was one of the Conspirators ibid. at his City of Breda the Covenant was signed l. 5. p. 100 101. he complaines in Senate that he is reported to be a Covenanter Ibid. gives his vote for the Covenanters admission into Bruxells l. 5. p. 103. his Complaints against the King l. 5. p. 104. the Covenanters light at his house l. 5. p. 107. what was acted there ibid. he meets them at Culemburg-house l. 5. p. 110. Feast the Covenanters Hath a monitory letter sent him from Pius the fifth l. 5. p. 114. having been formerly admonished by Pius the fourth touching the same point ibid. the Governesse at the desire of the Citizens of Antwerp sends him to compose the tumult there l. 5. p. 118. the applauses shouts and acclamations of the Hereticks as he came in ibid. what he acted at Antwerp ibid. 120. sent by the Governesse to trouble the meeting at Centron ibid. he moves to be made Governour of Antwerp for settling of the Town ibid. he is Commissionated and suffered to have a Life-guard ibid. his design to invade the Principality of the Low-countries ibid. 129 130. l. 7. p. 40. and Holland in the first place l. 6. p. 1. he argues in Senate
King consented Why the Governesse wished it Granvel presupposed as much by the change of faces at Court Noâ— is he at all dejected But seems to desire a discharge Yet rather wishes to be removed to Spain and to that end solicits the Duke of Alva Who deliberates upon it Octob. 1565 At last moves for him But prevails not For Granvel is commanded into Burgundy Thomas Perenot Lord of Cantoner Whether at length he goes giving out that he will return very shortly 10 of Marc. 6 of March. Which report spoiled the mirth of his adversaries And troubled the Governesse 29. of March Who certifies his danger and labours to keep him out of the Low-countreys The joy for Cardinal Granvels departure as well of the People as the Lords The Governess makes use of this alacritie in both But it was dâ—sht again by new fames of the Cardinals Return That they may have no more such frights the Governess moves the King Novem. 29. To send him away to Rome 1565. The rest of Cardinal Granvels life He goes 〈◊〉 Rome to the Conclave Solicites the Generall peace of Christendome Is created Viceroy of Naples Delivers the colours to Don John of Austria 1571. Labours and votes in the Conclave for the Papacy of Gregory XIII 1572. Into whose displeasure he shortly after falls for violating the rights of the Church In a suit with the Archbishop The Pope by his Nuncio justifies the Archbishop The Vice-roy at last submits 1575. He is made President of the Italian Councel in Spain His free carriage towards the Grandees And towards the King him self Q. Curt. lib. 8. 1580. He governs Spain in the Kings absence 1583. The honour done him by the King at his Return His death At Madrid His speciall Commendations The Governess provides for Religion Commended to her by the King Seriously With almost incredible care to root out Hereticks And with no little bounty to the banished English Hereticks put to death with various success A bold fact of an hereticall Minister But it saved him at last August 13. The punishment of Fabricius the Apostate out of her Excellencies letters 8. Octob. The Executioners dexterity The people mutiny 25 Novem. They are quieted The Senate of Bruges affront the Inquisitour Septemb. 10 Novem. 25. Of the Councel of Trent The diligâ—nce used by Pius iv to get is to be received Which was readily done by King Philip. 1536. Paulo iii. Pont. The difference between the Pope and King Onuph Pan. in Pio iv Adrian l. 8. Hist. Thuan. l. 35. Hist. About the Spanish Embassadours place Which began at the Councel of Trent And being there composed Was revived at Rome The Pope not willing to determine it Puts it off to the Cardinals At last he explains himself Whereupon the Spanish Embassadour in a fury leaves Rome This Accident troubled many Especially the Governesse The Hereticks rejoyce in hope the Councel of Trent will never be received in the Low-countreys But they were deceived August 6. A letter from the King offended with the Pope Yet carefull to establish the Councel of Trent The Governess doubts whether some Decreâ—s of the Councel are not to be excepted in the promulgation The Senate would have it so But the King will not Septemb. 30 Novem. 25 The Governesse finds it difficult 1565. Count Egmont sent into Spain Feb. 15. The Lord of Zeveghem sent to condole the death of the Emperour Maximilian The Princesse of Orange brought a bed of Prince Maurice Feb. 15. Christened with Catholick rites by hereticall Godfathers Of the conference of K. Charles of France and the two Queens at Baion Feb. 3. For which the King of Spain gave reasons to the Belgick Lords And to the Princes of Europe Yet many were jealous Especially the Hereticks Who were troubled the more fearing King Philip would be at the Conference Why the Governesse disswaded his coming March 3. Duke of Alva Why King Philip was not present Septemb. 17 Various reports touching the conference at Baion Septemb. 25 What they consulted of The Hereticks very much affraid Thuan. l. 36. Hist. An Herreâ—a l. 12. c. 1. in the Life of Philip 11. and others The massacre at Paris thought to be designed at this meeting C. Egmont arrives in Spain Feb. 15. The Kings Answer and Commands April 2. Having first consulted the Divines In this manner His Majesty checks C. Egmont for the Cognizances devised to affront Granvell Egmont excuses himself And accuses the Cardinall The Kings instructions delivered in writing to Count Egmont For preservation of Religion For destruction of Hereticks For regulation of the Councel April 2. For disposall of the moneys sent by his hand For signification of his Majesties intended journey thither Prince Alexander Farneze delivered by the King to Count Egmont who is to conduct him into the Low-countreys The Governesses joy upon the sight of her son And news of a Match intended him by the King April 30. Of Marriages treated for Prince Alexander Duke Octavio would match him to the Duke of Ferrarars sister His reasons The Governess is of the same mind Octob. 1. 1560. The King dissents 1565. and names another Decem. 9. 1560. His Majesties Letter 1565. The King upon further consideration proposes Mary Princess of Portugall The Offer is embraced Edward brother to Iohn the III. son to Emmanuel Her Nobility both by Father And Mother Princesse Maries peculiar commendations Her wit and learning Sanctity of life Childish exercises Modesty Care to preserve it The Low-countrey Fleet sent to transport the Bride 14 day Who left Portugal nobly attended Septemb. 21 Sebastian Morales afterwards Bishop of Japan She is overtaken with a storm at Sea She pitties and helps the poor creatures ready to be drowned Another tempest drives her upon the coast of England She refuses to send her service to Queen Elisabeth She invites an English Lady Begs her two sonnes of her But is denied 3565. One of her ships fired accidentally Her care greater for her Reliques then for her jewels For her soul then for her body She lands in the Low countreys 3. Day Is conducted to Bruxels The Marriage solemnized on the Anniversary of the Institution of the Order Octob. 8. 1430. Emmanuel K. of Portugall Paternall Grandfather to Princesse Mary Charles the fifth maternall Grandfather to Prince Alex. The particular joy of the Knights of the Golden-fleece The Bride and Bridegroom leave the Low-countreys She is welcomed into Italy with great magnificence 1565. Her example reforms Parma Her pious design to beg a Son of God She prayes for and obtains another Ranucio Duke of Parma and Piacenza Cardinall Odoardo Prince Alexanders confidence in her prayers The education of her children Which she dying commends to her Lord. Qu. Blanch with an excellent Prayer 1577. Her patience in the pangs of death The Form of her dayly exerâ—â—se penned by her self The Low-countreys in new trouble Iune 2. Count Egmonts complaints Iuly 22. Octob. 2. His Majesties Letter touching the punishment of Hereticks
Duke of Alva desirous to attend her Highnesse into Spaine and to leave his Governement of the Low-countryes 51 Septem The King assents And nominates his successour Who was long a comming In the interim Alva returnes to his Demands of the 10 and 20. parts An Inundation in the Low-Countries November 1 Greater then any in mans memory What a destruction is made See Pier. Winsen l. 2. Hist. A rare Accident This calamity drawes off the Duke from inâ—isting upon the Taxes Some perswade him to desist altogether Arhâ—n l. 3. Dipnos Others argue that it was just and Necessary And diverse meerely put a trick upon the Duke of Alva At length He qualifies the Edict and proposeth it the third time April The City of Bruxells refuse it with notorious contumacy Alva provides against them Forces and Halters See further in the Prince of Orange's Apology 1581. But suddaine Newes diverts him So that he is forced to leave the designe of Taxes Which had infinitely prejudiced the Duke and occasioned the Revâ—ls of the Low-countreys farre more then all his cruelty The Hollanders anciently free from Tribute Taciâ—us de Moribus Germanorum Idem l. 4. Annal. The exaction whereof caused their Rebellion against the Romanes 1570. And now for the same reasons the P. of Orange sollicits their Defection Having often tryed other waies to bring them 〈◊〉 As last he compasses his desire The People being imboldned upon the newes of the Duke 's present departure The Duke of Alva's Losse at Sea The Water Gheuses Their Generall His Principall Officers They turne Pirates Are prohibited the Ports of England Vorna They take the Towne of Brill April 1. Destroy all things Sacred Beate the Spanish forces Gulielmus Blosius Treslong A wonderfull change followes Durdrecht or Dort revolts from the Spaniard And Vlushing John Treslong And Enchuysen And almost all Holland And a great part Zeland being now out of feare of the Duke of Alva and jeering him for the losse of Brill The revolted Townes put themselves into the Prince of Orange's power Their new Commonwealth The predatory Fleet very much increased and constantly victorious Bernard Mend. l. 16. Making the Taxes their Pretence Iuly 24. Anno 74. Many other Townes revolt Doesburg Zutphan Harderwick Oldden sal c. Lewis of Nassau takes the City of Mons assisted by the French May 25. With their Kings leave procured by Gaspar Coligny Who with too much confidence trusts himselfe to the King Endeavours to win the Low-Country Lords And makes high offers to Vitelli. The Marquesse Vitelli's noble carriage Of Mons recovered by the Duke of Alva J. B. Adrian l. 18. Thuan. l. 36. Duke Federico attacques the Towne The French bravery The Spaniards pitch their Tents Women-spies Punished Bern. Mend. l. 6. 2. Reg. c. 10. The Abbey D'espine taken by the Besiegers The Armyes sent by Coligny to relieve the Towne Gives battaile to Federico Is defeated Vitelli's bold venture Thuan. l. 54. Iohn Meu l. 7. Ber. Mend. reckons but twenty Prisoners put to death Those that escaped the â—ight knockt in the head by the Boores. The victorious Army full of â—olliâ—y The second expedition of the Prince of Orange from Germany into the Low-countreys to relieve his brother Lewis He takes Ruremond by storme Passeth by Lovaine for a summe of money Mechlin yields He takes other Townes in his March Bruxells holds out Guelm a Mar. Lud. Gulielm Foure Armies of the Enemy at one time harressing the Low countreys Pouring their fury upon things sacred and the Priests Guâ—ieâ—m 〈◊〉 de crudeliâ—â—â—â— In 21. Mart. Gorcom Sur. in com Arnold Havr l. 15. de erect Episc. Johann Meurs in Orang l. 7. and others This makes the Prince of Orange's Army illspoken of He hastens to Mons Admires at Alva's Trenches Tryes to breake through in vaine The Ioy in the Duk 's Campe For the Massacre at Paris Henry IV. Gregory XIII A Thanksgiving day upon the same occasion at Rome Which causeth the Prince of Orange his Despaire And retreate from Mons His Campe assaulted in the night by Spaniards in their 〈◊〉 Their confidence The Prince of Orange's danger Septem 19. Mons yielded to Alva His just commendations for that victory He recovers all the Prince of Orange had taken The sack of Mechlin Peter Trigose The charity of the Antwerp Merchants towards the Plundered Iohn Boter in vita Albani ex Hist. Societ Iesu Ann. 1572. The Souldiers piety Alva strives to cleare himselfe from the Infamy of Sacking Mechlin The Victory won by Duke Federico And Mondragonio Goes Octob. 20. Ann. 72. The destruction of Nardem Which make the Spaniard odious Mich. Isselt in Hist. sui temp Fran. Har. in Annal. Belg. aâ—â— fere omnes Of the Siege of Harlem Federico despaires of taking it His Father chides him The Harlemers provoke the Spaniards with new Scorne The Spaniards jeere to the Towne Their Answer Their mocquery of holy things Not unpunished August 1. They yield to mercy Very many put to death Alva's Son The remarkeable Accidents hapning at this Siege Carrier-Pidgeons A Regiment of Women The wilfulnesse and cruelty of the Harlemers The Siege of Harlem and Sancerre 1573. Compared Thuan Hist. l. 55. How many Royalists were slaine and hurt at the siege of Harlem Roan 1562. How many Covenanters were killed Bern. Mend. Lumè discontented His Commission taken from him by the Prince of Orange He is imprisoned Banished the Low-countries Arnold Havensius l. 1. de nov Episcop An. Carner in Hist. Belg. l. 5 Fran-Harzus in Annal. He dyes D. Federico forced to raise his seige of Alcmar Count Bolduc Admirall of the Spanish Fleete beaten at Sea â—euteâ— apud Haraeum in Anâ—l Gallantly fighting Aldegund the Prince of Orange's intimate friend taken prisoner Novemb. 17 The Duke of Alva resignes the Lowcountries to his successour Requesenes And goes aboard for Spaine The diverse senses touching his departures of the Hereticks The Prince of Orange And of the Catholickes Sextus Aurel. in his â—ife He is gratiously received in Spaine by the King But the Courâ—iers thinke the King dissembles Wherein they were deceived The true cause of Alva's confinement His excellent temper of mind in that calamity How great an honour it was to him in the end He is called from banishment to be Generall against Portugall His words to the Messengers He conquers And dyes The King's expression Didaco Prince of Spaine Anne the Emp. Maximilian's Daughter Alva's Elogy His Father 1510. His Grandfather He himselfe greater then his Progenitors Alva and Annas Momorancy parallel'd The Duke of Alva a good Courtier Much affected by the King But rather inwardly then in shew How much the King relied upon his Faith What soyled his Fame 1574. Requesenes begins his Government of the Low-countreys The hopes conceived of him Mart. Delr l. 1. Belg. Turb He takes away the Duke of Alva's Statue To the great joy of the Low-countreymen The Zelanders besiege Middelburg Requesenes sends a Fleet to relieve
Low-countrey trooper The fate of Count Oberstein Don John consults about dismissing of the Spaniards Gonzaga speaks against it Escovedo argues for it Seneca l. 9. de Clementia Dio. in Aug. Caesar. If the Spanish be retained If they be dismissed Don John follows this opinion His Reaons Fear of the King Desire of a voyage for England Hope of quieting the Low-countreys He resolves to confirm the Pacification of Gant 1577. In the beginning of Ianuary Moved thereunto by this subscription of the Deputies He gives the Heads of the Pacification to be considered of The King allows of it A new Pacification made in pursuance of the old Feb. 17. Whereto both parts subscribe Proclaimed Don John acknowledged Governour of the Low-countreys He presseth the Spaniards to be gone Who are unwilling to obey Their Complaints Mar. Delv. l. 2. Turb Belg. They begin to mutiny Escovedo labours to pacifie them With a speech that comes home to the men They are quieted Surrendring the Forts And prisoners they had taken Gaspar Robley afterwards created Count of Renneberg Mar. Delr l. 1. Turb Belg. With part of their Pay in hand The same Authour l. 2. Christ. Assonvil in his Relation They leave the Low-countreys Vnder the command of Count Mansfeldt Their sense of this usage Their Prediction Al. Cabrer in Philip. 2. l. 11. c. 15. Mar. Delâ— l. 2. Turb B. Their March into Italy They are quartered in the mountanous parts of Liguria Delr in the same Book Don Johns entrance into Bruxels In great pomp but the most glorious sight was himself May 1. His winning wayes The Peoples joy And love to him The judgement of some that disliked his Concessions The Prince of Orange vexed at Don Iohns admission May 24. Refuseth together with the Provinces under his government to subscribe the Edict Endeavoureth to turn the Low-countreymens hearts from Don Iohn of Austria A Rumour spread by the Prince of Oranges party 1573. Don Iohns letters intercepted The Low-countreymens love to him decreaseth Their suspition and aversion increaseth Forgetfulnesse of benefits received converts to Hatred Especially Hese The Hereticks blow the fire Out of the relation of Christ. Assonvil See Guicciard l. 2. of his Hist. The Prince of Orange designs the taking of Don John prisoner His Instruments S. Aldegund And Hese Whether they attempted his murther it is uncertain Of Don Johns flight He goes to Mechlin as if it were onely to compose the difference with the Germans Iune 5. Margarite Queen of Navarre From thence to Namure under another pretence Aegidius L. of Hierg Lancellot C. Megen Florus Floio and Clodius Haultepenne Possesser himself of the Castle Gives reasons for it to his attendants Writes to the Deputies of the Estates The severall senses of the Deputies Their letters to Don John July and August Matt. Del. l. 3. Turb Belg. Aloys Cabreâ—â— in Philip. 2. l. 11. c. 13. c 16. His answer Which he writes to the Provinces The Fort at Antwerp attempted by Don John Is possessed by the Estates The Estates accuse Don John as if his fears were seigned Don John shews the plots against him to be reall Levinus a very learned man afterwarde Bishop of Antwerp The Pope sends a Nuncio to Don John Bishop of Ripa transono afterwards Cardinall S. B. E. To what end He furnisheth Don John with Councel and Money Then goes to the Deputies of the Estates In the beginning of Sept. The Prince of Orange created Ruart What this office is and who they were that executed it Mart. Delr l. 4. Turb Belg. Phil. Aud. 1404. John iv Duke of Brabant 1420. Grobendonch the Kings Treasurer Octob. 4. What the King requires of the Estates What Don John adds They obey not And he not unwillingly hath recourse to arms chiefly for these reasons The state of affairs on both parts Onely two Provinces declare for Don John The Nobility and Clergy for the Estates Their reasons Don John's forces The Estates Army These were more in number and had carryed it If they had been unanimous The Prince of Orange goverâ—s all In the end of August The Fort at Antwerp demolished by his advice M. Delr lib. 4. Turb Belg. with great rejoycing of the people Especially when they saw the Duke of Alva's statue Which was melted and cast again into Cannon Other Forts dismantled The Lords offended at the Prince of Oranges power Mention the choice of a new Governour Three proposed The Arch-duke Matthias preferrd And brought from Germany into the Low-countreys Octob. 3. Whereat the Emperour Rodolph is displeased And chides his brother Maximilian who knew of the designe Many think the Emperour dissembles Gregory the xiii his Legate Don John of Austria's Levters upon that subject Octob. 25. The Arch-duke Matthias enters the Low-countreys and accepting many conditions Caesar. lib. 5. Bell. Gall. Decem. 17. Is made Governour of the Low-countreys And the Prince of Orange his Lieutenant Governour 1578. A new Senate declares Don John's party and himself enemies to the State Holding forth this Oath It is tendred to the Jesuites They refuse to take it And are beset with armed Hereticks Their House plundered Themselves turned out of doors A remarkable act of one of the Socitie Annals of the Society Ann. 1578. T. Livii l. 5. The like done by one of the ancient Romanes Tillemanntis Bredenbach l. 7. c. 62. colla sacra A wonderfull accident at the Jesuites Coâ—ledge They are expâ—lled in otheâ— Places So are the Franciscans and divers Priests To the great detriment of the Chatholick Cause In Iune Churches seized by the Hereticks And liberty of Conscience extorted In Iuly Alexander Farneze brings the Spanish Army back from Italy The death of Iuliano Romero 18 day Alex. Farneze desirous to go upon the Holy Warre His Father consents But not his Mother Feb. 2. 1571. Yet he goes With a Train of selected Gentlemen and Souldiers Which he placeth in the Genoa-Galleys He contributâ—s to the attonement of the Generalls The Pope commends him for it They fight the Turk Alex. Farneze boards Mustapha 'T is a measuring cast between them At last he takes Mustapha And Scander Bashaw The Booâ—y got by his Souldiers Don John's words to Alex. Farneze P. Alexander's Answer 1572. The Sacred League renewed Don John sends him to Navarine He attaques the Town but finding his endeavours frustrate Retreats The League dissolved Pius V. Gregory XIII Prince Alexander joyned with his Mother is to be commissionated for the Government of the Low-countreys Cardinal Granvel treats with them both in the King's name Margaret of Parma is doubtful of accepting the offer So is not her son Alexander 9 11 Novemb 1577. 11 Septemb. 1577. The Kings Letter to him The Pope's encouragement Many Letters from Don John inviting him 14 25 Oct. 25 Novemb. 1577. He goes for the Low countreys How he findes Don John That was really glad to see him there The Pension given by the King to Alex. Farneze 24 Decemb. 1577. And by
him refused The state of the Provinces Breda besieged by the Genera's of the Confederates Cardinal Granvels Brother A Messenger with a Letter to Don John Discovered Another counterfeit Letter was sent The Town rendred The Perfidiousness of the Garrison Ruremond holds out against the Confâ—iderates Still the Treaty of Peace continues The Queen of England moves for a Cessation of Arms in a threatning way She is not listned to The hope of Peace vanisheth Aprodigious Comet In Novemb. Decemb. 1577. January 1578. Of the Battel of Gemblac Both Armies mustered January 20. Don John's is lesse The enemie's greater But his are better men And more confident for this respect 6. January Pardieu Lord de la Mot. Goigny Commander in chief for the Confederates from 18. 1567. 1576. The Order of his Army Goigny Lievtenant-General to the Arch-duke Matthias for this Expedition Scoutes sent out and an ambush laid by Don Iohn The Catholick Army thus marshalled The Standard Don Johns orders Parties of both sides first skirmish Perotto of Sassoferrata The place of battell Alex. Farneze's conjecture of the enemy His words to the Gentleman of his Horse Curtius He communicates his designe to the Officers about him Henr. Viennius Lord of Ceuravium And they following he first passeth over the Gulph They all together charge the enemies horse And rout them Execution done upon the Confederates army Ianuar. 31. The day won by the horse Christ. Assonv in Relatione sayes One Spaniard was too hard for ten Confederates How great the Victorie Mar. Delr sayes but two were slain Mich. ab Isselt Leo. Belg. Febr. 2. Gemblac besieged by the Conquerours Yielded Mercy shewed to the town And to the prisoners Don Iohn's words to General Goignie The Conquerours commended by Don Iohn Prince Alexander especially With some adâ—â—â—ition Alex. Farneze's Answer His letter to the King in praise of Don Iohn Fâ—br 5. The like Commâ—ndations inserted in many other letters from Prince Alexander to Anton. Perez Marc. Almazar and Marc. Ayemont Feb. 15. Feb. 13. wherein he writes nothing of himself The Deputies of the Estates ignorant of the Victory sit in Councell Their trepidation when they heard the news The Arch-duke and the Prince of Orange flie Lord of Hierg Lovain yields to Don Iohn Feb. 5. And Iudoigne And Tienen Feb. 7. And Areschot Feb. 17. And Bovines Sichem summoned Refuseth to treat Alex. Farneze makes ready for an assault Febr. 21. Ordering his Forces In this manner The fight The Royalists The Sichemers Peter Henriquez and Baraiaz The Town is taken They that flie are cut to pieces The Town plundered The Castle holds out But Alex. Farneze batters down their works And raises new of his own The Castle rendred The Prisoners executed Diestem terrified Feb. 24. Submits And are gratiouâ—â—y used The Garrison-souldiers take Pay of the King Levia reduced Febr. 27. C. Mansfeld attemps Nivel Is repulsed The Town treats with Don Iohn A mutinie in the Catholick Army Don Iohn severs the Mutineers Demands the Principall of them Makes them cast lots for their lives At last one is hanged March 11. The Nivellers render themselves The Garrison suffered to depart without their Arms which are bestowed upon the French A gift that ruins them Mar. Delr l. 5. Turb Belg. saith 200 were lost The like misfortune formerly happened to their Nation Anno 1552. Pont. Heuter l. 3. Thuan. lib. 10. The Frenchmen move for a discharge from the service Duke of Alen-Son Don Iohn easily grants their suit They return in arms against him Part of them slain by surprise Part retire to a Fort. And will take no conditions Towns surrendred to Don Iohn Binch 1554. Malbuge Reux Beanmont Soigniac Barlamont Cimace taken by Assault April 15. The Castle yields Philipvil besieged It 's site 'T is invaded As we read in Cesar Livie and others Don John performing the parts of a Generall and a common souldier It is rendred Upon these terms May 19. 1578. The expedition of Limburg by Don John in his sicknesse committed to Alexander Farneze Why he undertakes it Part of his Forces sent before Iune 7. The Suburbs taken The site of Limburg Vvest Woâ—kes in order to an Assault Prince Alexanders Letter to the Limburgers They defer the sending of their Answer Whereat enraged He hastens the finishing his workes Comes Nicolaus Caesius And begins to batter from the hill A large Breach made The besiegers come up to the City gates A Messenger from the Towne to Prince Alexander His Answer He grants them an houres time to consider The women Supplicate from the walles Iune 16. The Towne is rendred Thought fortified And in a condition to hold out The Conquerours give God thanks P. Alexander summons Dalhem His Trumpet not admitted The Castle batterred To no purpose The Burgundians scale it And take both Castle and Towne by storme Iune 10. With a great Slaughter of the Citizens The sad fortune of a Maid Two Souldiers strive for her and in their struggle use their prisoner most inhumanely Who wounded and halfe dead Is taken from them But immediatly dies The benefit that followed the taking of Limburg Thanks sent to Alex. Farneze by the Princes whose Estates lay neare the Towne To the confederates great griefe at first afterwards to their great joy Vpon a Report that Prince Alexander with diverse more was slaine Coyned by the Prince of Orange Why such kind of newes is often forged What truth was in this Rumour A Miraculous Accident Iune 30. The Deaths of Count Barlamont Count Megen C. Barlamont's Encomion Aegidius Lancelloâ— Charles Don John's prosperous fortune troubles the Enemy Amsterdam attempted by the P. of Orange 1577. November Beates out his men Mar. Del. l. 4. Turb Belg. For which the Women are to be commended February At last the Towne is rendered and deceived The Prince of Orange votes for a Truce March 10. Sellio in the Kings name Treates with the Deputies of the Estates But to no end The Prince of Orange will onely give eare to a Truce Which Prince Alexander likes not March 25. His Letter to his Father Octavio Duke of Parma Neither is it approved of by Don Iohn New Officers from Spaine Pedr. de To. ledo Lopez Figueroa Alphons-Leva Gabr. Serbellonio Iune 22. New supplies of money from the King to Don Iohn To Alexander Farneze To Octavio Gonzaga To Mondragonio To Verdugo To Ant. olivera To Count Mansfeldt New levies in Italy Vnder these Commanders Don Iohn troubled at it Stops their proceedings Three Armies of the Enemy The States Forces The Duke of Alencon's Iuly 19. â—ohn Casimir's Iuly 17. Don Iohn's Councell of Warre Alex. Farneze votes against fighting them August 18. Only Serbellonio concurres with Prince Alexander The rest viz. Gonzaga Mansfeldt Olivera Montin and Mondragonio were of Don John's opinion Especially hearing the Prince of Orange was falne out with Campin And with Hese and Glimè Mart. Delr l. 4 Turb Belg. Don Iohn resolve to fight The site of the Enemy's
the one hand and on the other Elianor and Mary Queen Dowagers of France and Hungary with another Mary Queen of Bohemia and Christiern daughter to the King of Denmark Dutchesse of Lorrain First he created his sonne Philip master of the order of the Golden-fleece then he commanded Philibert Bruxellius one of the Lords of his great Councel to signifie his pleasure to the Estates of Flanders The summe of his speech was this That the Emperour being admonished by his dayly decay of health which had much broke and brought him low to settle his affairs in this world resolved to transferre that weight which he could no longer support as became his own and the Empires dignity â—pon his sonne both in vigour and wisdome able to bear so great a burthen Therefore Cesar wishing it may be for the happiness of himself and the Provinces resigned his Dominion of the Low-countreys and Burgundy released the People of their â—ath of Allegiance and voluntarily gave the right and possession of the Low-countreys and Burgundy to his sonne Philip King of England Whilest Philibert was gravely speaking this The Emperour rises on the sudden and leaning on the shoulders of William Prince of Orange interrupted his speech and out of a paper he brought to help his memory as the Register of the Empire he himself began to read in French What he had done from the seventeenth year of his age to that day nine expeditions into Germany six into Spain seven into Italy four into France ten into the Low-countreys two into England as many into Africa eleven Sea-voyages Warres Peace Leagues Victories and set forth the particulars rather magnificently then proudly Moreover That he had proposed to himself no other end of all these labours but the preservation of Religion the Empire Which hitherto whilest his health permitted he had by Gods assistance so performed that Charles the Emperours life and Reign could offend none but his enemies Now since his strength and almost life was spent he would not prefeâ— the love of Empire before the safety of his People In stead of an oâ—d Bed-rid man the greatest part of him already in the grave he would substitute a Prince in the spring of his youth of active strength and courage To him he desired the Provinces tâ— pay their obedience likewise to keep Peace among themselves and be constant to the Orthodox Religion Lastly That they would favourably pardon him if he had trespassed in his Government For his own part he would alwayes remember their fidelity and services in his prayers to God to whom alone he resolved to live for the short remainder of his dayes Then turning to his sonne he said If these Provinces had descended upon thee by my death I had yet deserved something at my sonnes hands for leaving him so rich and improved a patrimony Now since â—hine Inheri ance is not a necessitated but a voluntary act and that thy Father hath chosen to die before his time that he may antedate the benefit of his death all the interest thou owest me for it I assign it to thy Subjects and require thee to pay it in thâ— love and care to them Other Princes rejoyce they have given life to their sonnes and shall give Kingdoms I am resolved to prevent fate of this gasping and posthumous favour esteeming it a double joy if I may see thee not onely living but live â—o see thee reigning by my gift This example of mine few Princes will imitate for I my self in all antiquity could hardly find one to follow But sure they will commend my resolution when they see thee worthy to be made the first president Which thou wilt be if thou firmly retein the wisdome thou wert bred to the fear of the Almighty and which are the pillars of a Kingdome the patronage of Religion and the Laws One thing remains which thy Father makes his last wish That thou maist have a sonne grow up worthy to have thy Government transferred upon him but yet have no necessity to do it Having spoken this he embraced his sonne that was upon his knees striving to kiss his hand and piously and fatherly praying God to bless him his tears broke off his words and drew tears abundantly from the eyes of the beholders King Philip humbly kissing his Fathers hand then rising to the Estates excused his ignorance in the French tongue commanding Anthony Perenott Granvell Bishop of Arras to speak for him who in a most learned Oration interpreted the Kings mind as gratefull to his father so likewise affectionate to the Low-coutrey-men by his fathers precept and example Iames Masius an eloquent Civill Lawyer answered in the name of the three Estates Lastly Mary Queen of Hungary resigned the Government of the Low-countreys which she had managed five and twenty years for the Emperour her Brother So for that day the Session was adjourned Two moneths after in a farre greater Assembly for fame had further spread it self the Emperour gave to his sonne Philip at once the possession of all his Kingdomes Provinces and Islands aswell in our World as beyond the Line Finally not long after he sent the Crown and Scepter of the Empire all he had then left to his Brother Ferdinand created many years before King of the Romans by the hands of William Prince of Orange who they say at first declining the Ambassage told the Emperour in King Philips presence that he hoped better things from heaven then to see his Master take the Imperiall Crown from his own head and send it by him to another whether it was love to the Emperour of whose grace and bounty he had many proofs or flattery to King Philip whom he knew designed for the Empire by his father who often to that purpose had treated with his Brother Ferdinand For Cesar to confirm the Spanish power of the House of Austria by accession of the Empire had many times by Mary Queen of Hungary sounded his Brother Ferdinand if he would surrender the Kingdome of the Romanes to Philip among other proposals promising to share the Empire with his Brother that ever after there should be two Cesars of equall authority But all this moved not Ferdinand Charles the fifth from so great an Emperour now no body leaving the Court to the new Prince staid a while in a private house till the fleet was ready then losing from Zeland with his sisters Queen Elianor and Queen Mary he sailed with a prosperous wind into the port of Laredâ— in Biscany To follow him out of the Low-Countryes will not be I suppose to wander from the History since by continuing a relation of the last passages of a Prince of the Low-Countreys and the last Prince born a Low-Countrey-man I may appear to be in the Low-Countreys still However I presume the Reader will approve the bringing to light of this great retirement
knowing how advantagious it would be to the State of the Low-countreys if things appertaining to Religion should be transacted by him in whom among other ornaments his scarlet would advance his Authority Yet notwithstanding these letters from the Dutchess Granvel assented not till he had answer out of Spain then he presently put on his Robes and so expressing his duty to the King without distast to the Governess he received honour from the one and favour from the other Besides his Pall the Popes Chamberlain brought him from Rome a Cardinalls hat which is seldome sent to any it being the custome to receive it onely in Rome Which benefit Granvel ascribed to the Dutchess with exquisite thanks not so much extolling the greatness of the bounty as the giver And he said he had cause to reverence it as the greatest of all honours because therein he adored the goodness of his Prince But in his private discourse he plainly told the Dutchess That considering the Changes of mans life he had accepted of that Dignity Especially for that if at any time he should leave the Low-countreys as he saw a storm over his head threatening him from the Lords he might have a place at Rome among the Cardinals to which he might make an honourable retreat A designe at this day hit upon by many who knowing That Power seldome grows old at Court and that Favour will as surely perish as Life are willing to be advanced into this Order not as ambitious but as provident persons that in their greatest misfortunes the Altar and the Church may be their Refuge In the year following 1562 the Civil War of France reviving the Kings commands came to the Governess enjoyning her with all possible care and speed to send assistance to King Charles against his Rebels An Account of the Management and Original of these troubles will not I suppose trespass upon your patience if I repeat briefly from the beginning not onely what before this time was agitated touching these succours but the whole Progress of those French tumults forasmuch as partly upon private discord at Court partly for that in publick which concerned Religion it was the Model of the Plot laid by the Low-countrey men with so like success of both Nations that sometimes unless you be rectified by the names of Places and Persons you would not think you read the actions of two Kingdoms but of one and the same People Moreover some part of the French Rebellion was carried by advice sent out of the Low-countreys whereof Cardinall Granvel gave intelligence to his brother Thomas Lord Cantonet Embassadour for the Catholick King in France This being therefore a business of no small importance and because I would not interrupt my Narration of the Low-countrey war with inserting that of France I shall here as the matter and place requires with no vain not tedious Digression comprehend the whole Heresie having long since poysoned France had distracted it into factions and many men contemning the old had taken up the name of the new Religion For although after Luthers pestilence reigned in Germany France had a great while kept it self free from the infection yet in the year 1533 it was attempted by some of Luthers Emissaries For Francis the first favouring learned men and learning as commonly they do whose actions are worthy of a learned pen resolved to erect an University at Paris sending proposals of great entertainment to the ablest scholars of Italy and Germany This opportunity Luther took hold of and sent Buâ—er and others of the boldest of his followers which by disputing in that confluence of prudent men might give an Essay to bring in the new Gospel Nor wanted there some that were taken with the Novelty Especially because such as were questioned for Religion had their recourse into Aquitain to Margaret of Valois the Kings sister who perhaps out of hatred to the Bishop of Rome which had been infused into her in the family of her husband Alibret whom his Holiness depreived of the Kingdome of Navarre might lie open to the cunning of the Lutherans perhaps out of ambition to be thought a Wit which she affected beyond the limits of her sex or indeed as she herself confessed some years before her death at which time she was a Catholick it was not out of the perversness of her nature but out of commiseration to the condemned persons that fled to her protection which made her so earnest with her Brother in the defence of their new opinions So that for ten years together she bolstered up Lutheranisme in France Though Francis the first was the more slow in eradicating it by reason of the Germanes and the Swisse that served him against Charles the fifth till being grievously offended with the contumacy of the men and their malice to Religion he published many Proclamations against them not onely threatning but executing his Laws untill at last he almost extinguished the name of Luther in his Kingdome But Calvins stratagem succeeded somewhat better Who immediately upon the death of Francis the first whilst King Henry was engaged in the Warrs attempted France by sending Libels from Geneva And as he found the minds and ears of many possessed with Luthers opinions so he himself set the common people agogge to understand his new doctrine and the vulgar was very proud for his Books were writ to their capacity in the French Tongue to be made Judges of Religion and as it were to passe their votes upon the abstrusest controversies of Faith Lastly as they that fall from the highest point are easily tossed from one breach of the precipice to another till they come to the very bottome having once departed from the old Religion they fell headlong from Luther to Calvin many of them not resting till having disclaimed all worship and not believing there was any God at all they finally stuck fast in the bottomless Abyss of evil And notwithstanding that Heresie first corrupted the minds of the People they being still the first that are swept away with a Plague yet in a short space it made way through the Commons seized upon some of the greatest Lords and came into the Court it self where it infected many persons of quality as that which was likely to be serviceable to the factious Nobility for winning the peoples hearts and drawing them to make head against their Competitours that grew still more powerfull with the King For Mary stuart Queen of Scots of the House of Guise by her Mother being married to Francis the second much advanced the greatness of the Guises For the King but fifteen years old had use of others service and these were fit to be employed Especially Francis Duke of Guise and his brother Charles Cardinal of Lorain he being an experienced fortunate Commander abroad and a prudent man at home this eminent for a generall Scholar deeply
about and fight againe by degrees to fall back till they came to that part of the plaine which he had shewed to Alphonso Leva then hee gave a private Signe for the Retreate and Gonzaga with his Horse stopped the enemy by renewing of the Fight Don Iohn still sending in fresh supplies Toledo lining the hedges with his Musketeers in the meane time Leva's men gave back so happily that at first they were too quick for the eye of the confederates But when they found the Spanish Foote to be upon their Retreate then the Battaile if ever any was a fierce one and it appeared both what courage and what necessity could do The Royaalists and they were but a very few most of them Foote being now without the danger of pursuite had the Cannon turn'd upon them from the Campe and were shot at both afarre off and neare at hand Yet their valour more then the place befriending them 700. Horse alone commanded by Giovanni Baptista à Monte and his brother Camillo not only stood against many thousands that charged them but sometimes beate them back and fought in their Rankes so firmly as they forced Colonell Norreys the stoutest enemy they had that day after three horses had been killed under him to fight afoote the rest of the confederate Cavalry not too much presuming upon themselves and tired with a Fight so long doubtfull at first all the Spanish Infantry and at last the Horse in face of the Enemi's Cannon were brought safely off Among which Horse no doubt but that Troope of Camillo's merited most Commendations that was last in the field commanded by Captaine Perott being a Troope of Reformados namely Hanniball Gonzaga Flamino Delphino Giovanni Mauriquio Lepido de Romanis Laurentio Tuccio Nicolao Caesio and others only Souldiers here else where Commanders The memory of all which men for example sake should be with their names extended to posterity if I could as readily know their persons as I doe admire their valours These lest the enemy should breake in opposing themselves and crowding together like a bulwarke covered the rest of the Cavalry with such constancy and contempt of Death that when any of them fell as if a piece of a worke were beaten downe the place was presently made good by a fresh man that stood behind That which befell Lepido killed with a shot and Dolphino who going to assist him was taken prisoner could not yet deterre Caesio from taking Delphino's place either by feare of Death or of captivity till at length they themselves when all the Horse were safe left the Field last and like excellent Actors in the Tragedy of Mars came off with infinite Applause So Generall Bolduc sounding a Retreate for feare his men might fall into a Counter-Ambuscado the Battaile ended begun with farre greater preparation then it was followed by either side with Execution For in all not above 400. men miscarried the losse of both parts being in a manner equall only more of the King's Army were hurt and taken more of their's slaine And the Generalls that day merited a quite contrary censure For Don Iohn redeemed the rashnesse of fighting with his judgement in ordering the Battaile Bolduc was cautious in the beginning but losing the opportunity of pursuing with all his Forces spoyled the conclusion of his Victory Wherefore in regard of his greater prudence and valour the Prince of Parma was famed through all the Royall Army who by a miraculous foreknowledge of Events premonished them of all that concerned the expedition and when the Army was so dangerously ingaged and the rest easie to be involved in the same Ruine with like Judgement and courage fetcht them off Insomuch that truely Alexander Farneze who ever till then wrote very sparingly in his own Commendations could no longer containe himselfe but in his Letters to his Mother Margaret of Austria inserted How he could not but thinke he had that day deserved more then ordinarily of the King whose Army the nearer it was to destruction the more be merited that saved it Indeed the oldest Commanders seeing their danger that were catched in a Trappe by the Enemy openly gave them for lost so as not one would undertake to make good their Retreat whose condition they accounted desperate Therefore he held it a greater Honour to himselfe by whom it was so willingly and fortunately attempted But this only her excellence might please to looke upon as the glorying of a Souldier to his Mother and he could not but thinke it fit to give her an account of those generous Spirits she had infused into him This while Don Iohn marched with his recovered Forces towards Areschott prepared if the enemy should follow him in the Rere to fight But when the confederaces either astonished at the extraordinary confidence of the Royalists or fearing to be answered with a stratagem appeared not Don Iohn free from further care returned to Thienen having won more glory among others with taking their Townes and Campe then among his owne that had run a hazzard and well knew their danger While these things were acted in the Low-countreys at the same time the Portugâ—ses fought unfortunately upon the Coast of Africa The newes of which overthrow Prince Alexander first received from Spaine accompanied with a Relation of what exceeded the Losse of that whole Army the King of Portugal's death and therefore sending Fabio Farneze to Henry Cardinall of Briganze Uncle to King Sebastian he condoled with him out of the private interest of Affinity the publique Misfortune and withall congratulated his Succession to the Crowne presenting him a change of Affections as suddaine as that of Cloathes in a Play But now the States having recruited their Army out of Germany and France Don Iohn alter'd his opinion and hearing that Areschot was betraied the Governour whereof Mutio Pagano a valiant and faithfull man sick a-bed rose notwithstanding to quiet the Tumult and was slaine upon the place Camillo Schiaffinate a Lieutenant of an undaunted Spirit in vaine resisting He began to feare that many other Townes would be guilty of like Treason which he could not yet relieve without weakning himselfe by dividing of his Army He therefore thought it his best to dismantle some Castles slight some Garrisons and calling away the Souldiers to bring into one place all his Forces till such time as money came from the King and Recruits from Italy and Germany But instead of men and money Don Iohn receiving Letters from Spaine that commanded him to try all wayes and meanes for an Accommodation Commissioners on both sides being chosen the businesse of Peace was set a foot againe But when they had delivered to Don Iohn three Heads which the States insisted on That he should surrender the Government of the Low countreys to the Arch-duke Matthias upon the same conditions which they had formerly sworne That Duke
Prince of Orange l. 7. p. 60. perswades him to joyn with the Prince of Condè l. 7. p. 63. Francis Hercules Duke of Alençon l. 2. p. 46. propos'd for Governour of the Low-countries l. 9. p. 38. sides with the States against Don Iohn of Austria l. 9. p. 57. comes with the French Army to Mons in Haynoult l. 9. p. 37. he is comprehended in the Conditions of Peace l. 10. p. 14. Francis Hellevine Lord of Zeveghem l. 4. p. 86. Francis Hulst the first Inquisitor of Faith in Brabant l. 5. p. 98. Francesco Itarra l. 6. p. 26. Francisco Maria Feltrio Praesect of Rome l. 1. p. 22. Francisco Montesdocha a Spanish Collonel l. 8. p. 18. ciâ—cumvented a Maestricht l. 8. p. 20. Francisco Paciotto an Engineer l. 6. p. 30 33. l. 7. p. 41. Francisco Petrarch l. 4. p. 92. Francis Sonnius l. 1. p. 18. l. 3. p. 71. Francesco Valdez a Spanish Collonel besiegeth Leyden l. 8. p. 6. why he puts off the generall assault resolv'd on l. 8. p. 7. besieg'd by water he is forc't to leave the siege l. 8. p. 8. he invades Antwerp l. 8. p. 22. departs from the Low-countries l. 9. p. 32. Francesco Vargas the King of Spainâ— Embassadour to the Pope l. 1. p. 18. his actings at the Conclave l. â— p. 65. Francis Vasseur l. 8. p. 19. Francis Vatable l. 3. p. 63. Francesco Verdâ—go servant to Count Mansfield l. 5. p. 107. a Spanish Collonel l. 6. p. 30. a pension assign'd him by the King l. p. 107. Francis Vivon a French man fights a duel in the Kings presence l. 1. p. 13. French victorious over the Spanish and by them conquer'd l. 1. p. 11. how they came to be infected witâ— Heresie l. 3. p. 55. They desire and obtain assistance against the Hereticks l. 3. p. 57 60. l. 6. p. 34. l. 7. p. 64. they fight with the Rebels at Saint Denis l. 6. p. 35. defeat them at Droc l. 3. p. 61. and at Monconteur l. 7. p. 6â— they rout the Orangians l. 7. p. 46 47. take Mons l. 7. p. 73. are overthrown l. 7. p. 74. they scale Nivel l. 9. p. 5â— the Nivellers arms bestow'd upon them ibid. a guift which was their destruction ibid. They sue to Don Iohn to be dismist l. 9. p. 57. Many of them slain ibid. The French tumults l. 3. p. 55. l. 6. p. 26 34. l. 7. p. 72. compar'd with those of the Low-Countries l. 3. p. 61. vide Coliny Conde Armie Hugonot Tumult Fresnoi Commander of horse l. 9. p. 50. Fredeâ—ico Borroâ—aes l. 4. p. 91. Fredericke the third Count Palatine sollicites the Governesse in behalf of the hereticks l. 5. p. 134. sends over to draw Brunswick to his party ibid. Confederates with the Low-Country Rebels ibid. promises pay to the Germaine Souldiers l. 7. p. 58. Frisland a Province of the Low-Countries l. 1. p. 15. East l. 7. p. 55. West l. 1. p. 15. Invaded by Lewiâ— of Nassau l. 7. p. 46. infested by Pirats l. 7. p. 71. burnt l. 7. p. 57. over-flow'd l. 7. p. 69. The Cities of Frisland receive Spanish Garrisons l. 6. p. 20. revolt from the King l. 7. p. 73. The Governour of the Province l. 1. p. 16. l. 7. p. 48 58. l. 6. p. 20. Fronsberg vide George Full moon l. 8. p. 8. Funeral pomp l. 10. p. 22. Fury of the burning brigade l. 7. p. 57. Sentences in F. THey that FALL from the highest point are easily toss'd from one breach to another till they come to the bottome l. 3. p. 56. What FATE hath ordain'd for every man is not so easily prevented as foreseen l. 5. p. 113. FAVOUR will as surely perish as life l. 3. p. 55. A Prince FAVOURS his Ministers of State so long as they carry themselves as servants not as authors of his Counsels l. 3. p. 74. FEAR the Beadle of the Law l. 2. p. 33. FEAR can never be sufficiently entrench't l. 7. p. 55. FEAR ever fancies danger near at hand l. 9. p. 53. Majestie without strength is not safe amongst the FURIOUS multitude l. 6. p. 4. G. GAbriel Cueva Governour of Millain l. 6. p. 21. Gabriel Nignio a Spanish Colonel takes the Suburbs of Limburg l. 10. p. 1. Carries the body of Don Iohn into Spain l. 10. p. 24. Gabriel Peralta brings up the rear when the Sea was foarded l. 8. p. 12. is forc'd to return ibid. Wades over to Sceldt l. 8. p. 13. is slain ibid. Gabriell Serbellonio Master of the Train of Artillery marches with the Duke of Alva into the Low-Countries l. 6. p. 30. Designes the Fort at Antwerpt l. 7. p. 40. How much he was esteem'd by Don Iohn l. 10. p. 6 8. who makes him Governour of Tunis l. 10. p. 19. Exchang'd by Pope Gregorie the 13. l. 10. p. 6. He commands an Italian Regiment and returns with it to the Low-Countries Ibid. His vote in a Council of War l. 10. p. 8. He fortifies the hill at Buge l. 10. p. 14. Falls sick ibid. The Physitians prediction of him l. 10. p 15. Galcerano Requesenes Governour of Catalonia l. 8. p. 15 Galcerano his son Count of Trivento and Avellino ibid. Gant what it signifies l. 7. p. 39. Charles the fifth's answer touching Gant ibid. The Town Punisht for revolting from the Emperour l. 5. p. 132. The Destruction of holy things by the Image-breakers l. 5. p. 127. The Gantois pull down a Lutheran Temple l. 6. p. 20. and demolish the Castle l. 9. p. 38. The association at Gant of all the Provinces that rebelled against the Spaniards l. 8. p. 20. 'T is inlarged l. 8. p. 21. Intermitted ibid. Reviv'd l. 8. p. 23. Perfected ibid. Subscrib'd l. 9. p. 30. Consider'd approv'd of by the King ibid. publisht ibid. vide Pacification Garçias de Toledo slain by the Moores l. 7. p. 82. Gaspar Coligny l. 1. p. 11. Commander in chief of the Hugonots l. 5. p. 121. offended at the too great power of the Guises l. 3. p. 56. Favours the Cause of the Hereticks l. 3. p. 57. The Brabanters conspire with him l. 5. p. 99. He is numbred among the Covenanters l. 5. p. 101. He incourages the hereticks in the Low-Countries l. 5. p. 121. treats with the Hugonots to assist the Low-country men l. 5. p. 138. Levies men to succour Geneva l. 6. p. 26. Perswades his King to fight with the Spaniard ibid. Takes many Townes l. 6. p. 35. Layes a plot to destroy the King ibid. Fights at St. Dennis ibid. is defeated ibid. Again perswades the King to fight the Spaniard l. 7. p. 73. The King makes him his General ibid. He trusts himself to the King with too much Confidence ibid. Makes great levies in France ibid. and sollicites the Low-country men to revolt ibid. Prepares men to raise the siege of Mons l. 6. p. 74. he is slain in the Massacre at 〈◊〉 l. 7. p. 76. Gaspar Robley Lord of Bill Commander in chief at