e Claudian de Nupt. Honorij Mariae as in that sic natus in Ostro Paruus Honoriades genibus considat auitis which I the rather cite because out of it the reason perhaps of the imposition of that name on the Palace may be had If the Emperors issues at the birth were receiued in Purple cloth as it seems they were others f Ceion Posthum in Epistola apud Iul. Capitolin in Clod. Albino Filius mihi natus est ita Candidus statim toto corpore vt linteamen quo exceptus est vinceret children in other colours what could bee more proper in translation then to giue the name of that speciall kind wherein at the first instance of their infancie they were receiud to the place appointed only for that receipt And howeuer it be supposd that the Phoenician Hercules first finding out the pleasing colour of Purple by the Dye of his Dogs mouth that had bitten the fish whence it is gratified his Sweet-heart with it yet a tradition is mongst the Grecians that he presented it to the King of Phoenicia who by edict prohibited all but h Mich. Glycas Annal. par 2. cap. de Turris extructione himself to weare the colour whence the beginning of it as proper to Greatnes our Scarlet g Iul. Pollux Onomastic 1. c. 3 being now its successor is deriued In the Preface to Camaterus his Astrologie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Where in like sense as in the other testimonies a compound is made of Porphyra The Princes Dukes or Kings of Moscouy were calld they say anciently white Kings or white Princes Credo autem saith Sigismund vt Persam nunc propter rubea tegumenta capitis Kissilpassa id est rubeum caput vocant ita illos propter alba tegumenta Albos appellari But I remember Muscouy is calld Russia Alba and Poland Russia Nigra there may be the names originall But Gaguin giues the reason quod incolae omnium Regionum ipsius imperio subiectarum vestibus albis pileis plerunque vtantur Prester-Iohn By error so calld His true name whence that is corrupted The Abassens whence Their vulgar and Chaldè language Belul Gian Beldigian Iochabelul How the names of Prestigian in the East Asia turnd into Prester-Iohn was applied to the Ethiopian Emperor Prestigiani The Ebrew Epistle of Preti Ian to the Pope The Ethiopique Emperors title Cham or Chan. Why the Eastern Emperors of Asia are so titled the Turk and others Alwaies Victorious Carachan and Gylas two dignities Car in Scythian and Carpaluc Carderigan a Persian dignitie whence Chanaranges Chaianus Chaganus Capcanus whence A coniecture vpon Fr. W. de Rubruquis Vlu Can very ancient in the Tartarian or Sarmatique Empire Canis in the Scaligeran family The Great Chans Seale and title of later time The Mahumedan Caliphs Bagded not Babylon The diuision of the Chaliphat and end The signification of Chaliph and Naib To whom Chaliph applied To the Grand Signior in our dayes and why A peece of an old French Letter from an Othomanique Chaliph Seriph Iariffe Sultan The Turkish Salutations Aphentis and the Turks title Amir Amir Elmumenin Amermumnes Miramolinus and such like corrupted in Story The Turks allow the Pentateuch and the Euangelists but say that wee haue seratcht Mahumeds name out of them Their letters dated with their Hegira and the yeer of Christ. The Azoars of the Alcoran The solemn beginning of euery Azoat vsd by them most superstitiously An error of Georgeuitz Our K. Iohn would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran Padischach Musulman Caesar Augustus Caesarea maiestas attributed to the Grand Signior Hunggiar Ismael Sophi The hate and difference twixt the Turkish and Persian Religion whence Imamia and Leshari The beginning and cause of the Persian title Sophi Kissilbassilar Enissarlar Persian Magi. The Magi not Kings in Persia Nor those in S. Matthew Kings but in contempt till Artaxerxes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elam Elamits How the Persians might well be Magi by the interpretation of their first authors name What Magus is Ignorant Franciscans naild Frier Bacons books to the desks Shach Schach Shah Sa Xa Shaugh Cheque all one a speciall attribute to Persian Greatnes What it is An error in Bodin about the title of Dominus vnder the Chaliphs Gelal Eddin Aladin The large title of Chosroes The league twixt the last Rodulph and Achmet the present Sultan touching their Titles CHAP. V. OVt of Europe wee come into Afrique and Asia where also the Grand Signior notwithstanding his Court and residence at Constantinople is fittest to be placed But first of that Ethiopian Emperor or Prince of the Abyssins which is commonly titled Prester John and in Latine Presbyter Ioannes as if it were Priest Iohn But by testimonie of Zaga Zabo an Ethiopian Embassador to the last Emanuel K. of Portugal the name is corrupted from Precious Gian For his Ethiopique thus expresses it * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Gian Belul quod sonat saith the translation publisht by Damian à Goes Ioannes Belul hoc est Ioannes preciosus siue altus Et in Chaldaica lingua Ioannes Encoe id si interpreteris etiam Ioannis Preciosi siue alti significatum habet so that Gian Belul is of their true Ethiopian tongue which they vse in common speech not that which is spoken and writen in their Liturgies and holy exercises and known mongst them by the name of Chaldè but more specially stiled * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Giaein i. Libertie quod nimirùm as the noble Scaliger yeelds the reason eâ solâ vterentur Arabes illi victores qui Aethiopiam insiderunt For he most learnedly as in all things els deriues them thither from the Abasens in Arabia whence Sept. Seuerus had his denomination of Arabicus as in one of his i Hub. Goltz Thes. pag. 129. Coins appears inscribd with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of whom mention is made by k Ap. Stephan 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vranius an old author of Arabique affairs placing them in Arabia foelix which happily salues their deriuing themselues from Melech son to Salomon as they fable by l Zaga Zabo ap Damian à Goes Maqueda the Queen of the South For where * v. Psal. 72. Com. 10. Saba is were those Abassenes whence the Latines haue their Sabaei and Tura Sabaea Thus mee thinks those things concurre as it were to make vp on both sides that truth at which learned men haue been very purblind And by likelyhood how should they fitter haue a speciall tongue for their writings and holy ceremonies vtterly differing from their vulgar then by being transplanted out of some other Nation and bringing it thither with them there beeing in it also a mixture of Ebrew Chaldê Arabique but it is by them calld Chaldè whereupon Zaga Zabo saith that Helen one of their Empresses wrote two books of Diuinitie in Chaldé and tells
quem vellet Papam eligere nec erat alterius Apostolicum etiam nominare Rex Willielmus allegauit eandem rationem quod nullus Archiepiscopus vel Episcopus regni sui Curiae Romanae vel Papae subesset praecipuè cum ipse omnes libertates haberet in Regno suo quas Imperator vendicabat in Imperio which withall shews how false that of Bertold of m In ap ad Herm. Contract ann 1084. Circ M. C. L. Constance is slandering William the first with slauish submission of England to the See of Rome So when Alfonso the VII King of Castile had gotten most of Spains territories vnder him rediens saith the n Roderic Toletan lib. cap. 7. Storie Legionem imposuit sihi Imperij Diadema vocatus fuit deinceps Imperator Which notwithstanding is against the flattering rules of the Imperiall and barbarous o Bartol ad Con. ff §. Omâ—em Ciuilians who of the German Emperors haue durst deliuer that Ratione Protectionis Iurisdictionis Imperator est Dominus Mundi quia tenetur totum mundum defendere protegere sed Particularium rerum non Dominus sed Princeps As if that weaker Greatnes extended in any of their times beyond Italy and Germany For that long since spoken of the Roman Empire that it was p Lamprid. in Alex. Seuero Imperium quod tenet Imperium long since also failed And in those countries hath not been so gelded that scarce any King is but hath his power neerer to his name The Tramontan Doctors haue been of another opinion as they had reason liuing in other States They allow the q Chassan Catal. Glor. Mundi part 5. consid 27 Vide si placet Alciat de Sing Certam cap. 32. Emperor to haue supremacie but not ouer the King of France nor Spain they might well adde nor of England Scotland Danemark or the like which by prescription of time regaining of right or Conquest are as the other in no kind subiect or subordinat to any but God And therefore by an act r Pâ—rl 5. Iacob 3. cap. 30. of Parliament of Scotland it was long since ordained Sen our souerain Lord hes full iurisdiction and Free Empire within this Realme that his hienesse may make Notares and Tabelliones quahis instruments sall haue full faith in all causes and contractes within the Realme And in time to come that na Notar be maid or to be maid be the Emperours authoritie haue faith in contractes ciuill within the Realme lesse then hee be examined be the Ordinar and apprieued by the Kings hienesse Which act it seems had it not been for the Imperialls there in vse according s Bald-in Feud quis dicatur Dux Et Wesenbech in Paratit ff De fide instrument to which Publique Notaries are to bee made only by the Emperor his Palatines or such like need not to haue been made For what might not a King absolute in regard of any superior do which the Emperor could And in England that constitution of Publique Notaries t Regist. Orig. fol. 114. b. in breu de Deceptione was long since without scruple or any Act for it Therefore as the name of Emperor was notwithstanding some particular differences lawfully giuen as well to him of the East as of the West and allowed so by the VVestern r Act. 8. Synod Oecumenic Dist. 63. c. Hadrianus vide verò Capitis 5. extremum vbi Foedus quod icerunt Rodulph 11. Achmetes Turcarum Imperator part in like form it is or may be without difficultie applied to or vsed by any which is truly a King The Dukes of Moscouy anciently had no other title then Weliki Knesi i. in Russian Great Dukes But Basilius that gouerned there about M. D. XX. Grandfather to the last Theodor took to himselfe the name of King or Emperor i. Czar not deriued from Caesar which interpreters mistaking wrot him Emperor and thence is it that wee now vsually call him Emperor of Russia because Caesar is grown as it were proper only to an Emperor but a meer Russian word they vsing Kessar expressely and anciently for the Emperor of Germany different from Czar Yet this title hee vsed not to all Princes In his Letters to the Emperor the Pope the King of Swethland and Dane the Gouernors of Prussia and Liuonia and to the Great Turke hee vsed it but not to the Polonian Neuter n saith my x Sigismund Com. Rer. Moscouitic Ga guin Moschou cap. 5. Imperator totius Russiae in titulo dictus apud I. Fabrum in Epist. ad Ferd. Archiducem autor horum alterius literas nouo titulo auctas accipere dignatur They are neighbours and therfore the more suspect each other But that Basilius held himselfe rather the better man being compard with the Emperor Nomen suum titulum Imperatorio semper praeponens siue loqueretur siue scriberet With his precedence I medle not But I see not reason why he might not vse either the name of King or Emperor out of his own autority as well as the Emperor Neither needed he haue writen to the Pope for the name of King as some affirm hee did But Sigismund beleeus it not because he was euer an enemie to the Pope and the best title he could find for him was neuer aboue Doctor For that of King in Letters to the Polack this Basilus his sonne saith Gaguin vsed it to him that is Iohn Basiliuitz sed a Polono nunquam saith he nisi MAGNI DVCIS titulo honoratur Other y Lit Reg. Elizab ap Hakluit part 1. pag. 339. Princes giue him somtimes the title of Emperor somtimes Great Duke and King But you shall very often meet with the name of King giuen to those which were in Clientela Imperatoris as of old the Princes constituted by the Romans in Parthia Armenia Arabia Persia Iury and other parts of the world For they had as Tacitus a In vit Agricolae saies instrumenta seruitutis Reges And in later times the Emperor created Kings as other titles Frederique Barbarossa in M. CLVIII made b Radeuic lib. 1 cap. 13. verum titulo Regio à Philippo Anti-Caesare donatus est Primislaus M. C. XCIX Arnoldus Lubecensis Slauor lib. 6. cap. 2. Ladislaus Duke of Bohemia King of the same Territorie For that which Otto de S. Blasio hath of it vnder M. C. LXXXVI is to bee referred to that time And other such examples are These may bee and are called Kings and had in them potestatem gladij power of life and death as in the ceremonie of their inuestiture is exprest which was by deliuering a sword Est n. consuetudo Curiae writes an c Otto Frisingens de Frederic 1. lib. 2. cap. 5 vbi librarioum fortean Typographi incuriâ Sueuus Guuto perperà m leguntur ancient Bishop vt regna per Gladium Prouinciae per Vexillum à Principe tradantur vel recipiantur Petrus verò
accepto ab ipsius manu regno fidelitate hominio ei obligabatur Ita coronâ Regni per manum Principis sibi impositâ in die sancto Pentecostes ipse coronatus gladium Regis sub corona incedentis portauâ—t Hee means by this Peter Sueno IV. King of Danemark for he was known by both those names twixt whom and his cozen Cnuto was great controuersie for the Kingdom determined thus by the Emperor at Martinesburg in Saxonie The mention of the like made in Otto de S. Blasio must be vnderstood of Waldemar I. who receiued both this and Swethland of the Emperor at Bisonçe And King Harold before that when d Helmold bist Slauor 1. cap. 9. the Danish Nation was first Christned receiued it of Otho the great Now it acknowledges no superior But so many as haue or do as feudataries to other Princes are excluded out of their ranke which before are indifferently titled Kings or Emperors The K. of Bohemia when it was in another hand from the Empire although he were crownd and annointed yet being in a manner the Emperors e Aur. Bull. Caroli 4. cap. 8. Subiect wanted perfit Supremacie for it as also they of Sicily when they had inuestiture from the Pope they of Cyprus being anciently as Tenants yet crowned to f Arnold Lubecens Chron. Slau lib. 5. cap. 2 both Empires and such like euen as much almost as that Perseus who when L. Aemilius Paulus had spoiled him of his Kingdom of Macedon and compelled to flight yet was so ambitious of his former title that he made the inscription of his letters to Aemilius thus g Liu. Decad. 5. lib. 5. Rex Perseus Consuli Paulo S. it being at that time vnder Aemilius and the State of Romes arbitrement whether euer he should be King again or no. Wherefore Aemilius would not so much as giue answer to his Messengers vntill they had brought him letters inscribed with a meaner title As on the other side when Edward III. besieged Tournay and sent letters of chalenge to a single combat to the then pretended French K. he would not call him King but only Philip of Valois whereupon hee had this answer h Ex ms vet sed Latinè literas habet Th. Walsing sub ann 1340. Philip per la grace de Dieu Roy de France a Edward Roy D'Engleterre Nous auons vous letres apportes a nostre Court enuoyetz de par vous au Philip de Valois en quels letters estoient contenuz ascun requestes que vous fezistes au dit Philip de Valois Et pur ceo que les dits letters ne veignant pas a nous que les dits requestes ne estâ—yent pas faits a nous come appiert clerement per le tenure des letters nous ne vous en fesons nul response You know that i Martial Epig. 18. lib. 2. vpon Maximus Esse sat est Seruum iam nolo Vicarius esse Qui Rex est Regem Maxime non habeat Therefore did Francis the first of France much dislike that Charles the v. should k Bodin de Repub 1. cap. 9. call himself King of Naples and Sicily enioying them as the Popes Vassal or Tenant And when PP Pius IV. would haue made Cosmo de Medici Duke of Florence of the same State King the neighbour Princes endured it not and the Emperor Maximilian II. answered directly to the French Kings Embassador about it Non habet Italia Regem nisi Caesarem And in that Heptarchie of our Saxons vsually six of the Kings were but as subiects to the supreme whom they called Anglorum l Ethelwerd l. 3 c. 2. Beda hist. eccles 2. cap. 5. Circa DCCC XX Rex Primus or such like which was as well giuen to others the first that had it being Aella King of Sussex as to that Egbert whose glorie and greatnes consisted rather in the swallowing vp of the other subiect Kingdoms into his own Rule and in the new naming of the Heptarchie England in one word for hee in Parliamento saith my m Ex Instrum lib. Hospital S. Leonardi Eborms Idem ferè in Alred Rhtuallensis Vitâ S Edwardi Verùm ab Anglorum aduentu ita dictam scribit 10. Sâ—risburiensis Policratic 6. cap. 16. alij ab Hengisto vt Hector Boet. Scot. hist. 7. 10. Gower Epig. in Confess Amantis Hardingâ—s autor apud Wintoniam mutauit nomen Regni de consensu populi sui iussit illud de caetero vocari Angliam then in beeing of larger Dominion then any was before him Those inferior Kings are like in some proportion to those of Man who haue had it alwayes by a tenure from their soueraigns the Kings of England especially euer since Henrie IV. possessing it by the forfeiture of the Lord Scrop inuested Henry Percy Earle of Northumberland in it in fee simple to hold it per seruitium portandi diebus Coronationis nostrae as the Patent n Pat. 1. Hen. 4. Rot. 2. Th. Walsingbam speaks haeredum nostrorum ad sinistrum humerum nostrum sinistros humeros haeredum nostrorum per seipsum aut sufficientem honorificum deputatum suum illum Gladium nudum quo cincti eramus quando in parte de Holdernesse applicuinus vocatum I ancaster Sword It hath been since by Escheat in the Crown and was bestowed on the noble Family of the Stanley's by the same K. Henrie and in their o Camdenus Posteritie being Earles of Derby it continues So was Henrie of Beuchamp Earle of Warwick by Henry VI. crowned K. of the Isle of Wight and in him also that title ended But all these are litle otherwise Kings then Dukes or Earles are They bear the name but not the true marks of Royall maiestie rather to be stiled Reguli then Reges being subiects in respect of those whose Maiesties they were bound to obserue and obey For me thinks it looks like false Latine where our Henry II. grants Roderico p Transactio inter Hen. 1â— Roderic apud Roger. de Houeden ligio homini suo Regi Conactae in Ireland that hee shall haue his territorie paying a certain tribute quamdiù ei fideliter seruiet vt sit Rex sub eo Paratus ad seruitium suum sicut homo suus Yet in grants q Claus. R. Ioh. 6. memb 18. 17. Ioh. Chart. memb 3. 6. Hen. 3. Chart. memb 2. in Arce Londinens made by K. Iohn and Henry III. to the Kings of Conaght and Tesmond the like title of Rex is which is obserued also by the learned S r Iohn Dauis Knight his Maiesties Attorny Generall for Ireland as also that in the Pipe Rolls of Hen. III. his time yet remaining in Bremighams Tower in the Castle of Dublin somtime Oneale Rex vpon accounts sometime Oneale Regulus occurs And when Reginald K. of Man had done his homage as a tenant to r Chronic. Mannae K. Iohn and likewise to Henry III.
Greek hath not an expresse word for Maiestie Som haue q Glossar Vet. Graeco-lat v. 2. Petri cap. 1. com 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 turned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maiestas and Magnitudo but it properly signifies the last not so well the first which comes plainly from a Comparatiue Maiestas itaque are Casaubons words si verbi proprietatem spectamus Numinis est solius quod omnibus ijs quae magna dici possunt est maius Usurpatio est cum Principibus maiestas tribuitur But obserue their tradition of the Godesse Maiestie They fained that at first there was no distinction of Place or Precedence among the Gods but that the meanest would somtimes sit in Saturns own Throne And this they say r Ouid. Fastor 5. continued Donec Honor placidoque decens Reuerentia vultu Corpora legitimis imposuere toris Hinc sata Maiestas quae mundum temperat omnem Quáque die partu est edita Magna fuit Nec mora consedit medio sublimis Olympo Aurea purpureo conspicienda sinu As Maiestie was there bred of Honor and ReÌ„uerence so proportionatly mongst men and thence the word applied to the supreme of Men. But also they vsd Numen Imperatoris and Oracula Augusti for Edicta and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if you should say diuinitùs sancimus for statuimus And before this great communicating of Maiesty the Emperors s Paul ff de legat 2. l. 87. §. Lucius Scoeuola ff lib. 40. tit â—1 l. 3. had the attribute of Sanctissimus and such like These beginning vnder Heathenisme continued after Christianitie Whence when they speak of the Crimen Maiestatis they t Athaliat tit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 66. Glossar Vet. Sanctitas Regum ap Iul. cas in Tranq vse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which may be interpreted a iudgment or accusation touching what is committed against a thing sanctified or sacred But I think 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will be most proper in substance for Maiestie although George Codin translated hath alwaies Regnum for his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vnder fauour not without error They had also their u Codin Meurs Gloss. Graeco Barb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. sacred Maiestie which was proper only to the Emperor and that when others spake to him he himself in modestie omitting Sacred and speaking only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But Maiestie exprest in this word was communicated also to the Despote Sebastocrator and Caesar. The Despot was the heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire vnderstand of the times since Alexius Comnenus though before him it were a generall name as My Lord the Sebastocrator the second from him in dignitie and next the Caesar Protosebastus and so forth But to our purpose receiue this out of their c Curopalat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quem tamen absque Iunij Restitutione locorum ne legas traditions Before the Emperor they calld the Despote My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Maiestie was applied to him the Sebastocrator My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sebastocrator the Caesar my Lord Caesar in those words as the other and to both these also was Maiestie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 applied But if any other Great men about the Court 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had occasion to vse the Despot's name to the Emperor they thus My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Your sonne the Despote If they speaking among themselus mention'd him then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Our Lord the Despote For in later Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Our either corruptep from their ancient own or induced by Tartarian or Turkish wherein Babamus is our Father If a great man spake to the Despote he might either call him My Lord the Despote with the word last remembred or for greater honor Our Lord the Despote If any of the Despot's seruants or followers vsd his masters name to the Emperor hee might not call him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which I interpret to be in fashion the same with Our My Lord when we speake indifferently of any Nobleman but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. My Lord and Master your sonne the Despote For so I thinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is best here translated If a man spake to any of their other Great men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hee neuer vsd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 On the other side 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was neuer vsd to the Despote but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Neither could they render reason for all those but because vse and custome had brought them to it Neither hath the Grammaticall difference of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 any thing to do here For our Kingdome Maiestie saith the learned Author of the Remains came hither in time of Henry the Eight as Sacred Maiestie lately in our memory Vnderstand him as it was commonly in vse and properly to the King applied For in the Epistles of Iohn of Sarisbury is Maiestas tua diuers times to Henry Fitz-lempresse vnder whom hee liu'd and the same is there vsd also to Pope Adrian Grace mongst vs began in time of Henry IV. and Excellent grace as you read in the Remains vnder Henry the Sixt. High and mighty Prince vnder Edward the fourth But about those times it was not solely proper to the King as it seems by the Concord touching the title of the Crowne twixt Henry the sixt and Richard Duke of Yorke made in XXXIX Henry VI. in Parliament at Westminster with this title Betwixt the most High and most mighty Prince Henry the fixt King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland on the one partie and the right High and mightie Prince Richard Plantagenet Duke of Yorke on the other partie and the Duke of Glocester vnder Henry the a Parl. 3. Hen. 6. art 1. 26. sixt is calld High and mightie Prince and the Duke of Excester Hault and Puissant Prince Anciently how our Soueraigns were in this kind titled may be obserud vpon these examples Au Tresnoble tréshonorable Prince son trescher Seignior si luy pleist Monsieur Edward per la grace de Dieu Roy d' Engleterre Signior D'irland Duc D' Aquitaine le sone Henry Percy reuerence honeurs In a letter b Rot. 25. Ed. 1. in Arce Londini de Rebus Scotiam tangentibus memb 4. 6. saepius to Edward 1. writen from Dunwich and the like in diuers other Records is And there the Barons of the Exchequer send to the King with Nous maund à vostre hautesse c. But also in times later then Edward 1. titles and notes of Greatnes being not in that distinction or Curiositie as now som such as are with vs mean were competent to highest Princes I remember I
Aeneidos 8. Polybium lib. 6. alios pugnare cum hostibus lawfully fight with the enemie But these religious solemnities wore away in ancient time It grew afterward fashionable for one King to send his sonne to another to take the Order vt acciperent Arma Militaria or Virilia as the Monks vsually expresse it Which well agrees with that of the Longobards before mentioned Examples of that kind both here in Scotland elswhere are enough frequent So one King of another as in that of Alexander III. of Scotland He married the Lady Margaret daughter to to our Henry III. The Nuptials being celebrated in Christmas at York the King of England Knighted his Royall sonne in law with twentie more Where the Earle Marshall of England as an ancient right of his Place requird the King of Scotland's Horse and Furniture for his fee which although in those times it seems i Statut. West 2 cap. 46. De Marescallis the Earle Marshall had at the Knighting of any Baron or superior Nobleman as also at the Homages done by any such either Secular or Religious yet it was answerd that from the King of Scotland no such fee was due because hee might haue took the Order of any other Catholique Prince or at his pleasure of any of his own subiects of his Nobilitie Responsum fuit saith the k Matth. Paris 35. Hen. 3. Storie quod Rex Scotiae tali non subiacet exactio 〈…〉 quia si placeret ei potuit ipsa Arma suscipere a quouis Principe Catholico vel ab aliquo Nobilium suorum Sed ob reuerentiam honorem tanti Principis Domini ac vicini sui ac soceri tanti mallet ab ipso Rege Angliae Cingulo donari Militari quam aliquo alio Et sic praecipiente domino Rege in totum die festo omnimoda lis conquieuit And for that of the King of Scotland his saying that he might haue took it from a subiect of his own its true and so in our State some of our Kings haue receiud it Henry VI. was Knighted by Iohn Duke of Bedford and Edward VI. by Edward Sâ—imer then Earl of Hertford and the like many more occurre Nay in those ancienter times Earls which were then the greatest Nobles vnder the King and Prince had a power of Knighting Vnder Hen. III. the Earle of Glocester made his brother William Knight at a Tourneament So did Simon of Montfort Earle of Leicester Gilbert of Clare Some l Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. like examples haue been in France And Los Caualleros vassallos de los Ricos hombres i. Knights made by the Ricos hombres anciently in Spain they were neer as Barons in other places are rememberd by m Apud Fr. Menenium ex P. Salanoua alijs Spanish Antiquaries And against the Scotish Expedition Prince Edward of Caernaruan first Knighted by his father Edward 1. made diuers Knights of his own autoritie at Westminster by girding with the sword But such also as were neither Princes nor Earles and that without any Regall autoritie transferd for if so it were not worth obseruation about the raigns of our first three Edward's somtimes made Knights in the Warres Dominus Iohannes filius Thomae say the n A. 1313. 1314 1316. 1318. Annals of Ireland fecit Milites Nicolaum filium Mauritij Robertum de Clonhull apud Adare in Momonia So Edmund le Botiller afterward Lord Deputie made XXX Knights at Dublin And Richard of Bernimgham for the good seruice that one Iohn Husee had done in the Irish warres gaue him amplas terras fecit illum Militem vt benè meruit And by the same autoritie Uenit Dominus Rogerus de Mortimer Dubliniam fecit Dominum Ioannem Mortimer Militem cum quatuor socijs And indeed this Roger of Mortimer was then as Lord Deputie of Ireland and might the better do it And in one of our yeer-books o Thirning 7. Hen. 4. fol. 8. Voyes Froissart â—ol 1. fol. 185. a Iudge on the Bench relates thus I haue heard saith he that a Lord had issue a sonne and carried him to the Font and presently as soon as he was baptized took his Sword and made him a Knight saying Be a good Knight if you can for you shall neuer be good Esquire It was a prerogatiue it seems anciently challenged by such as were themselues Knights For William of Badensel a German Knight at the Sepulchre made two by his own report Supra Sepulchrum Christi saith p Guil. de Badensel Hodoe-Poric in Terram Sanctam he pulchram feci de Resurrectione Domini missam celebrari aliqui de meis socijs Corpus Christi deuotè susceperunt Pâ—st Missam feci Duos Milites Nobiles supra sepulchrum gladios accingendo alia obseruando quae in professione Militaris Ordinis fieri consueuerunt This was in M. CCC XXXVI Now none but the King or one as his Lieutenant authorized giues this Order neither is it done by girding with the Sword but the deseruing kneels and a Sword is laid or slightly strook on his shoulder by the king vsing this French q Smith Rep. Angl. 1. cap. 17. Soiz Cheualter au nom de Dieu and then Auancez Cheualier This Ceremonie alone giues the Title of Eques Auratus that of Auratus comming from their right of wearing guilt spurres which hath been also a knights speciall ornament And vnder Edward II. Richard r Anonym Chron. apud Millium of Rodney was knighted by being girded with a Sword by Almaricus Earle of Penbrok and hauing one Spurre put on by the Lord Maurice of Barkley the other by the Lord Bartholomew of Badilsmere That striking with the s Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. Sword hath been anciently the vse of the Empire and when Sigismund knighted Signell a French Gentleman in France to honor Signell with that name the want whereof was obiected to him in a Controuersie twixt him and Pâ—stellan hee did it by such striking of him kneeling and giuing him one of his gilt spurres and girding him with a girdle that had hanging to it in stead of a sword a great knife And this was done in France neither Contra maiestatem aut ius Regis saith du Tillet tentatum est quia ex Iure consultorum sententia Equites vbique in Imperio in alieno dominatu institui possunt For Creation of a knight thus much and as euery child knows in personall Creation only the being of knighthood is neither hath any man it otherwise Infanciones saith one t Mich. Molin ap Mennenium of Spain and Infancio is their hijdalgo i. a Gentleman perhaps from the German or Gothique Edeling or Etheling nascuntur apud nos Milites verò fiunt which you may applie to all States In elder times it was prouided in the Empire France and Spain that none should receiue this Order except hee were before in some degree of Ciuill Nobilitie A
Turks is Persia. 106 Aichmalotarchae in the Captiuitie 154 Aijos Phasileos Marchio 131 Ailwin a SaxoÌ„ Earle called Half-king the same with Hehelguinus in others 227. Founder of Ramsey Abbey in Huntingdonshire ibid. Aides to make the sonne a Knight marrie the daughter and redeeme the Lords bodie out of prison 330 Algomeiza Procyon 13 Algebar 13 Alexander sonne to Iupiter Hammon and his picture with Rams hornes 63. whence he was called Dhil karnaijn 140. his being deceiu'd by Anaximenes exprest by an Ancient in Latine verse 157 his request to the High Priest for his name to be giuen to the Priests children 67 Albu Ersalan 111 Alcoran of the Turks worne about a Chaliphs neck 100. in it parts of the old Testament ibid. how many Azoars Sureths or chapters it hath the difference of the Arabique one in that from the Latine 101. the beginning of euery Azoar 102. It was by error giuen to Mahomet by the Angell Gabriel 104 Almumens 101 Ali or Alem Mahomets sonne in law 100. how the Persians and other follow his sect 105. 107 the Alian Sect from another Ali according to some opinion 107 Ali Abasides 107 Alghabassi 99 Aladin in the Turkish storie 112 Alfred the first King annointed in England 133 Alilat the same Goddesse with Lilith 165 Alexius Commen the first creator of those Dignities Sebastocrator Panhypersebastus c. 171 Alderman of all England vnder the Saxons 227 Aldermannus Iuratorum 270. 389 Alderman See more in Ealderman Alodium Alode its deriuation 302 Alodarij Aloarij and the like anciently in England 390 Alsheich 51 Alluph i. Dux 208 Amiras Amera Amir 49. 98. 375 Amir Echur 374. Amir Halem 379 Amir elmumunin i. Rex orthodoxorum 99. seq Amiralius 375 Amiras Amireus if well distinguisht 375. 376. Amir amomenus 99 Amir moumnes 100 Amici Regum and Amici Fratres Rom. Imp. 185 Anaximenes See Alexander Annian Impostures reiected 17 Anglorum Rex Primus in the Heptarchie 30 Anselm Archbishop of Canterburie would haue gone to Rome for his Pall but William II. would not permit him 26 Anaxarchus his iest to Alexander pretending himselfe a God 67 Anni Augustorum 71 Antigonus his answere to a flatterer that calld him God 67 Antiochus sprinkled the Iewes Bibles with Bacon-broth 62 Antonin of what respect the name was in Rome 77 Annointing of Kings 128. whence the originall 129. 387. Annointing of stones and statues mongst the Gentiles and bounds ibid. what Princes were to be annointed by the Roman Prouinciall 130. yet no annointing of the old Irish Kings 57. where it was first vsed in the westerne parts 131. Annointing with holy oile to the French Kings 132. None of their Kings of the first line was annointed 132. British Kings annointed 132. First annointed in the Saxon times 133. Annointing of the English Kings with holy oile giuen to Thomas Becket as the tale is reported 134. Annointing makes Kings capable of spirituall iurisdiction 135 Andrew Harkley Earle of Carleil his being degraded of Knighthood vnder Edward II. and the forme of it 3â—7 Andrew S. 370 Apollo to him were consecrate all children cut out of the wombe and why 70 Apostle des Sarazins 66 Apostolique King a title to an Asiatique King 87 Apple so is the Globe calld whereon the Crosse is infixt 158. Three apples in Iupiters statue at Constantinople 159 Appenages of France 196. whence the word Appenage 198 Arbelus 9 Arsacides 76 Areta a name of the Hagaren Kings 76 Arduelles or Ardebil 107 Arthurs seale 160. Arthur and his Round Table 365 Arundel Castle 235. Earldome of Arundel begunne 236. its essence by reason of the Castle and precedence 236. 237 Armories Setting of Crownes on them 196. 197. 206. See Crownes when they began to be borne hereditarily in Praefat. and there of their being giuen by Patent more borne by some Mahumetans painted anciently 380 Armes of the Daulphinè France to be quartered 173. Of Moscouie 362. and see in Beta Of Saxony 152 Armes giuen in enfranchisement 326. 327. and see in Knights Of armes descendible to the heire 322 Arch-duke how ancient the name 194. Of Lorrain ib. Arlic i. Honorable 223 Armiger 340. 341. whence the dignitie hath its name 343 Archbishops worth 204 Arabians See in Vashlu Assyrian Monarchie and its continuance 6. 7 Assur built not Niniueh 8 Astaroth 65 Astronomie of Homer explaned 14 Astrologers 67. 166. 185 Asia the westerne part of it sometimes beside what is truly Greece called Greece 75 Assit principio Sancta Maria meo 101 Asser Ben Cheter 105 Astures King of them 80. Prince of Asturia 170 Ataulph purposd for a title in Empire 76 Athelstans greatnesse thinking it more honourable to make a King then be one 35. his Charter 303 Athenian Prince calld Great Duke 194 Augustus would not bee called Dominus 47 Augustus why and how a title to the Emperor 70. 71. its deriuation 71. vsed by other Princes 71. and 72 Augere Hostias 71 Aureum Pomum wheron the crosse is borne 160 Auratus Eques 317. and 361 Aureorum Annulorum jus See in Rings B BAal 9. and 65 Baal Hanan the same as Hannibal 67 Baal-samaim the same with Iupiter Apollo Pan. 9 Banners giuen in inuestiture and in committing the gouernment of a Prouince 28. 29. 191. 378. 379 Banner square who may beare it with his Armes on it 353 Bannerets their Name and Creation 353. seq a Banneret discharged of being Knight of the Shire 355. 356. and of their Precedence ibid. See in Sanziacks Bani of Hungarie 381 Babylonian Scepters and Rings 155 Babylon and Bagdet 93 Bagded is the old Seleucia vpon the confluence of Tigris Euphrates 93 Baetulus from Bethel deriu'd into the Heathen 129 Babamus in Turkish Our Father 122 Bacon the Frier his bookes spoild by ignorant Monkes 109 Baltheus what 311 Balteus auratus constellatus 309 Basilius Macedo the Easterne Emperor his finding fault with Lews II. the Western about the title of Emperour 22. 23 Basileus 21. seq 35 Barbaquan Barbican 89 Barons and Baronie the etymon of the word 259. seq what they are 265. 266. Of France 266. of England before the Normans 267. seq vntill 273. Barons after the Normans and Parlamentarie 274. 278. and 280. 283. Value of a Baronie 274. and 232. Peers to Barons i. Pares Baronum 274. 275. Barons to Earls 247. 275. without Barons the name of Prince anciently not supported 275. Baronies how many in England vnder Hen. III. 278. First Baron created by Patent in England 281. Baro and Baronia coniugata 282. and 283. Primus Baro Angliae 283 Baron and Lord. 284. Baronie of Earles giuen to their heires apparant 284 Barons of Scotland 285. late and ancient 286. 287. difference of those of France of later time and Barons of England Scotland 288. Barons in France haue the right of wearing a Gilt Helmet 288. and a Chaplet of gold 289. Of Spaine
time professe or read it But when Lothar took Amalfi hee there found an old Copie of the Pandects or Digests which hee gaue as a precious Monument to the Pisans hence it was called h U. Ang. Politian lib. 10. Epist. Marquard Breisacio Litera Pisana from whom it hath been since in M. CD XC VI. translated to Florence where in the Dukes Palace it is almost with Religion preserued and neuer brought forth but with Torches Light and other Reuerence Vnder this Emperor Lothar began the Law to be profest at Bologna where i Odofredus apud Sigonium de Regno Italiae lib. 11. et 7. Irner or Werner as Conrad à Lichtenaw calls him first made Glosses on it about the beginning of Fr. Barbarossa in M. C. L. and by the fauor of this Lothar was Bologna vpon the aduise of Irner it seems constituted to bee k Verba Lotharij ap P. Merul. Cosmog part 2. lib. 4. cap. 33. Legum Iuris Schola vna sola And here was the first Time and Place of that Profession in the Western Empire But Iustinian expressely ordaind that none should teach the Ciuill Lawes except l Constit. de Iuris docendi rat §. Haec autem only in Constantinople Rome and Berytus which although Bartol interprets as of necessitie he was driuen to maintain his Profession with Nisi tempore ius Academiae sit quaesitum yet why then was Bologna no place for the Laws vnder Iustinian for they pretend there to haue been as an Vniuersitie from the Grant of Theodosius the yonger in CD XXIII Plainly vnder Iustinian who euer had taught out of one of those three Cities was Denarum librarum * About thirtie pounds of our monie auri poena plectendus and to be banisht out of the Citie where hee durst so professe Neither would the matter of being a Vniuersitie haue helpt it But before Lothar the Gouernment was by the Salique m Sigon de Reg. Ital. 4. et 8. sub A. 1007. Lombardian and Roman Laws the Roman beeing some piece of what had been vsd in Rome euerie one liuing according to either of them as hee would make choise About the same time also the two Bastard brothers by whose worth and of the third Peter Comestor their Mother thought shee should bee sau'd neither would repent but trusted to hir merit in bearing three so famous Gratian a Monk in Bologna and Peter Lombard at Paris one made the Decree the first Volume autorised for Can on Law by Pope Eugenius III and the other the Sentences Such as since haue writen on the Digests 〈◊〉 Code vntill the cleerer light of Learning began mongst our Fathers talk for the most part like Rablais his Bridoye Some most honord of later time that vnderstood their Text and studied the Laws as well because they would curiously know as bee meerely * Continuall Practisers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haue with iudgment instructed in part of this Purpose The Margine confesses without blushing their and all other mens helps If either Enuie or Ignorance question how I bred from the bottome of Obscuritie and so farre from Court-Custome should dare at these Honors let it know I learn'd long since from a Great Clerk that Robert Bishop of Lincoln vnder Henrie III That there was in Libraries greater aid to the true vnderstanding of Honor and Nobilitie then mongst Gold and Purple outsides Hee beeing demanded by the King Vbi n Io. de Aton in Constit. Othoboni tit de Bonis Intestat verb. Baronum Moraturam didicit quâ Filios Nobilium Procerum Regni quos secum habuerat Domicellos instruxerat cum non de Nobili prosapia sed de simplicibus traxisset originem fertur intrepidè respondisse that hee was taught it in the Courts of greater Princes then the K. of England meaning of those Ancients whose Courts were represented in his Volumes of Storie In Coniectures I durst not bee too bold Where but meer fancie can direct it were ridiculous to regard them but when they seem to offer themselues they deserue the choise of Iudgment That Religious abstinence of the old Iews who referd all such Dignos vindice Nodos as were too difficult for their humanitie to Elias his resolution were good to be proportionably more obseru'd in all Learning especially by those which are and too manie are so vnfortunat in their ghesses that on the apparantly worst of diuers they often insist Malicious Censure I regard not Ingenuous I honor Reader Farewell The summe and first Pages of the Chapters The chiefe Matter only of them the particulars being in the Contents before euery Chapter Of the first Part. CHAP. I. THe beginning of a Monarchie the first King pag. 1 CHAP. II. Difference of King and Emperor and much of them the great Duke or Emperor of Muscouy or Russia pag. 18. CHAP. III. Lord. Lord of Ireland Shah and the like pag. 46. CHAP. IV. Caesar Augustus Pharaoh Most Christian King Catholike King Defender of the Faith and such like pag. 68. CHAP. V. Prester Iohn Cham or Chan. Chaliph Amir Almumenin Of the Alcoran Persian Sophi Schach Xa Saa and the like pa. 85. CHAP. VI. Particular formes of Speaking to or by great Persons Maiesty Speaking in the Abstract or Concret Worship and 〈◊〉 pag. 114 CHAP. VII Annointing of Kings Crowns A disputation against receiued opinion of Crowns Tulipant Crowns of seuerall Princer Scepters Globe and Crosse. Croissant of the Mahumedans pag. 128. Of the second Part. CHAP. 1. PRinces apparant successors Caesar. Rex Romanorum Despot Daulphin Monsieur Etheling Clyto Prince of Wales Pr. of Scotland Infanta Prince of Astura pag. 168. CHAP. II. Dukes Of them Counts and Marquesses as the names were anciently confounded Archduke Coniecture whence the seuerall formes of Crowns for subiect Princes came into these Western parts Dukes in seuerall Nations pag. 182. CHAP. III. Marquesses in seuerall States pag. 209. CHAP. IV. Counts and Earles Graffes pag. 219. CHAP. V. Counts Palatin the speciall beginnings of euery of ours in England pag. 241. CHAP. VI. Viscounts and Vidames pag. 250 CHAP. VII Barons the Notation of the word and its seuerall Notions Thanes Vauasours and diuers like p. 258 CHAP. VIII The beginning of Feuds Of the old Saxon Tenures somewhat pag. 293. CHAP. IX Knights and ancient and later formes of Knighting A Knights Fee and Furniture Ius sigilli Aureorum Annulorum Seales Aides Miles Degrading a Knight pag. 305. CHAP. X. Esquyer Armiger Peeres pag. 340. CHAP. XI Bannerets Baronets Knights of the Bath Of the Collar or the particular Orders of Knighthood with their beginnings and chiefe particulars pag. 352. CHAP. XII Turkish Dignities some of Tartarie Clarissimus Spectabilis Illustris Superillustris Patricij pa. 376. Reader At the end are some Additions which I would haue you read with the context The Pages there noted and the Lines will direct you pag. 387. Then follow I. The Faults of the Print corrected and by them
Elias Thisbit in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 omnes linguas praeter Ebraeam ita dictas scribit Country where their Religion was not hauing its being out of the sigles for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Cultus alienus siue extraneus or Idolatrie which they commonly expresse by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in abbreuiature and somtimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for secundum cultum extraneum as its honorable in the Italian for an inferior to speak to a Great man by the plurall number so in the Arabique the Ismaelitish he calls it it is honorable for a Great man as a King to speake in the plurall So likewise in the holy tongue it is honorable to speake of a Potentat Plurally as Adonim Baalim For they say 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Domini durus and also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Et accepit Domini eius And vpon this conceit do they interpret the plurall of Elohim ioind with a singular Verb which most of our Men take for a mysticall expressing the Holy Trinity Their Grammarians make it an Enallage of Number chiefly to expresse excellencie in the Persons to whom it s referd With this well agrees that which is obseru'd vpon Iuno's ruminating on Aeneas his too good fortune Méne incepto desistere victam Nec posse Italiâ Teucrorum auertere Regem Rex est saith d Ex Ms. Fuld excerpt Seruio Danielis inter alia additum Seruius mirè Aeneam noluit nominare Honorantur n Minores à Maioribus si suo nomine fuerint nominati Contrà Contumelia est si Maiores à Minoribus suo nomine nominentur For the speaking to them in the singular Number is very proportionat to their proper names The vse of this for the Plurall is known common at this day but not propèr to supreme Princes In our Law-annalls a e 29. Ed. 3. fol. 44. Quare impedit being brought by the King for the Prebendary of Oxgate in the Diocesse of London the Writ was Praecipite Michaeli de Northumbergam against which the Serieants except as against False Latine But saies Thorp False Latine it is not for it is a word of the plurall number and therefore is of greater reuerence and this is a common Fashion for the King to send to a man by the word VO BIS But saies the Counsell on the other side a man hath not seen such reuerence made to a Sherife And afterward the Writ was lookt on by the Iudges and they saw it was Praecipite and at the end Habeatis ibi nomina Sammonitorum c. Whereupon it was adiudged to abate They held it seems the plurall Number not to be formally applied to any but at least of the greater Nobilitie That of adding DEI GRATIA in stiles f Apud Ortelium in Theatro is now more proper to supremacie The Earldom of Flanders hath diuers prerogatiues among which one is that its Prince may write himself Dei gratia Comes Flandriae which is a part of Royaltie Et sunt alia pleráque leuissima are the words of a great g Bodin 1. de Repub. cap. 10. Politician quae Principum propria ducunt vel ad Decus vel ad Dignitatem vt Rescriptis addere DEI GRATIA The vse whereof as he reports Lewes XI Prohibited Francis then Duke of Bretagne as a forme proper to a Kings Title and so a French Lawier h Rebuff ad Constit. Reg. Tom. 2. vt Benefic ante vac art 2. expresly affirms it Yet Ferdinand brother to Charles v. and Archduke of Austria hath it in i In Edit Freheriana Sigismundi Baronis de Herbestein his Letters to the Emperor And the Duke of Saxony vses it being a Prince of the Empire and acknowledging to it a kind of supremacie as Others like him His k Andr. Knichen in Comm. Iuris Saxon. Duc. Sax. cap. 1. Chancelors words are these Cum illud non fiat in despectum Domini concedentis sed ad Amplificandam Maiestatem eius dignitatis concessae tuitionem rectè immemoriabili interstitio Principes nostri saepè dicta locutione he means DEI GRATIA vsi sunt etiamnum vtuntur Neither do I conceiue why Princes that want not the substance but as it were the name of a King only should of necessitie abstain from it In more ancient times it is familiar in the stiles of farre meaner Persons then supreme Princes Rex Venerabili in Christo Patri I. eadem Gratia Dunelmensi Episcopo and Guilielmo eadem Gratia Archiepiscopo Cantuariensi are amongst * Fitzh Nat. â—r fol. 132. 2. E. our Writs And in the Epistles of Iohn of Sarisbury is Rogerus Dei Gratia Eboracensis Archiepiscopus Apostolicae sedis Legatus Uenerabili Fratri H. Dei gratia Dunelmensi Episcopo And from Iohn of Sarisbury himself Venerabili D. Patri Carissimo Willielmo Dei Gratia Senonensi Archiepiscopo The like is often in the Epistles of Fulbert Bishop of Chartres Gilbert of Vendosme Anselm and such more of the old times So B. de Blancesfort l Epist. Regum Principum Edit in Tom. 2. Orient Hist. pag. 1176. Master of the Temple vses it in his Letters to S. Lewes K. of France It s frequent in the m Chronic. Richerspergens sub ann M. CL. seqq Charters of the Archbishop of Saltzburg and other Church-men of meaner note in those times And in a Leiger book of the Abbey of Malmesbury I haue seen Iohannes Dei Gratia Abbas Malmesburiensis eiusdem loci conuentus salutem in Domino All these shew that heretofore those curious differences of Prouidentia or Clementia Dei which are now vsd by Bishops and inferior Princes were not so distinguisht from Dei Gratia as later times whose beginning I know not haue made them To expresse them by ABSTRACTS from the Concret of their qualitie is Ordinary As Maiestie Highnes Grace c. But the Forme is not proper to them it being vsuall in old autors with such Substantiues to designe out the subiect denominated of the Adiectiue as Virtus n Horat. lib. 2. Satyr 1. Scipiadae Mitis Sapientia Laeli. for Scipio and Laelius which are but as f Cicer. lib. 3. Fam. Epist. 7. Appietas and Lentulitas For the induidualite as it were of Appius and Lentulus or Patauinitas g Asinius Pollio apud Quintilian lib. 8. cap. 1. for Liuies stile In like forme 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are familiar for Hercules and Telemachus And wanton Catullus comparing a heauie fellow vnworthily blest with a Delicacie in his marriage bed to a log hath this Ithyphallique Talis iste meus Stupor nil videt nihil audit such more often occurre and especially in Epistles of later times written with Probitas serenitas Sanctitas tua and the like where by the way you may remember that of Philip le Beau of France a Mart. Polon Chronic. to Pope Boniface the VIII
with doubt coniecturd where I speak of the King of Astures The corruption of Names is such that you may well think the credit of the Monument often changed and transcribed hath been long of the decaying hand But time and that long since hath brought the ceremony to euery crownd Christian King although withall he be a kind of subiect as the King of Bohemia who when he was a meere Prince of the Empire was crownd and g Aurea Bull. Carol. 4. cap. 4. annointed The French would needs challenge Proprietie of Annointing to their Soueraigns before other Princes They talk of Oile descended from heauen in a vessell kept at Rheims wherewith their Kings haue euer bin annointed and refer it to a miracle in the Baptisme of King Chlouis or Lewes I. about D. of Christ. Of it one of their Poets when Apollo was from home speaking of h Guil. Brito Philippeid 1. the Coronation of Philip Augustus sceptrifero fulsit redimitus honore Magnanimus sacro Rex delibutus Olino Quo Deus Angelicis manibus virtute parato Diuinâ nostris concessit Regibus vti Vt sacrentur eo soli specialitèr illi Qui successiuè Francorum sceptra capessunt Quo maior Nostri patet excellentia Regni Dignior vt verè Rex noster Rege sit omni Quem sacrare suis Remorum Metropolites Cum Compraesulibus habet illo Crismate sacro Hoc ad opus solum quod caelica fudit Oliua But no good autority will iustifie this Is it likely that Gregory of Tours so much giuen to the Relation of Miracles would haue omitted it One more i Du Hailan des aff du Fr. liure 1. Idem ferè Tillius iudicious and not flattering the idle traditions of his own Nation denies and not alone that there were any de la primiere lignee oinct ny sacre à Rheims ny ailleurs that is of the Merouingian line which cotinued till about DCCC of Christ. But it s expressely remembred in story that Pipin the first of the Carolin stock was annointed mais de la second troisiesme la plus part ont esté sacrez oincts en auters lieus q' à Rheims quoy que les Archeuesques de Rheims debattent ce droit appertenir à eux à leux esglise By the second and third line he means the Carolin and Capetan the Carolin succeeded the Merouingian And I wonder why Hierom Bignon k De l' excell des Roys liure 4. a French Antiquary now liuing taks it so cleer that their Royall vnction began in Chlouis We could giue better autority for the Kings of this I le of neer M. years since and much more according to l Vixit Gildas A. Cnr. 470. Si fides habenda Autori vitae eius in Biblioth Floriac some Gildas speaking of the errors in Religion and neglect of all Goodnes among the old Britons addes m Et Galfrid Monumentens lib. 9. cap. 3. ex epistola Gild. hoc memorat Ungebantur Reges non per Deum sed qui caeteris crudeliores extarent paulò post ab Vnctoribus non pro Veri examinatione trucidabantur alijs electis trucioribus But I will not be confident that it proues Vnction in those times The Phrase might be vsd by him as at this day an Hereditary King after his Ancestors death is said to be Rex or Imperator salutatus which alludes only to the old Roman forme of salutation in making their Emperor as we say also in Imperium euectus est deriu'd from that Custome of taking the design'd Emperors vp on Shields in the Camp The first of our Kings annointed that best of ancient autority speaks of is Alured He in the life of his father Ethelulph being sent to Rome was there in Confirmation made Pope Leo IV. his godsonne and specially annointed as a future King So the consent of Asserius Meneuensis Ethelwerd Malmesbury and the rest of our old Monks iustifies But with what discretion or honestie should the Pope annoint a child of v. yeers old as a King in hope of succession while his father was liuing and three elder brothers also Ethelbald Ethelbert and Ethelred I rather incline to beleeu that the Chrism vsd in Confirmation and only perhaps to that purpose by the Pope was afterward by English Monks not without sufficient cause admiring this braue Prince when hecame to the Crowne taken also as a designing Omen of his following greatnesse and that so they might speak the best and largest of what the Pope did and thereby giue a speciall honor to their King supposd for an Vnction in Regem But howsoeuer you may see what was thought of it by this old n Rob. Glocestrensis honest rythme Alfred this Noblemon as in the ver of Grace he nom Eyghte hundred and sixty and twelue the Kingdom Arst he adde at Rome yhe and vor is gret wisdome The Pope Leon him blessede tho he thuder come And the king is Croune of this lond y ◠in this loud yut is And o Oyled Elede him to be King ar he were King ywis And he was King of Engelond of all that there come That verst thus yeled was of the Pope of Rome And sutthe other after him of the Erchebissop echon So that biuore him thur King was ther non None of this excludes Vnction before but only wils him the first annointed by the Pope But we need not much blame the French Tradition of their Heauenly oile Our English haue as good a Tale. That Our Lady gaue Thomas Becket Archb. of Canterbury being in banishment vnder Hen. II. a Golden Eagle full of precious Ointment inclosd in a stone vessell commanding him to preserue it and foretelling quod Reges Anglorum qui vngerentur hoc vnguento pugiles essent Ecclesiae Benigni terram amissam à parentibus pacificè recuperarent donec Aquilam cum Ampulla haberent He committed it to safegard in a Monasterie at Poiters where Henry the first Duke of Lancaster vnder Edward the Third in the warres of France had it deliuered to him by a Holy man they say which found it by Reuelation The Duke gaue it the Black Prince He sent it to the Tower there to be safely kept in a chest strongly hoop't with Iron where Rich II. sonne to the Black Prince in searching for his fathers Iewels lighted on it and much desired to bee annointed with it But the Archbishop answered him sibi sufficere quòd semel per manus suas sacram suscepit in Coronatione pristina Vnctionem quae habere non debuit iterationem The King notwithstanding caried it with him into Ireland purposing perhaps there to haue been annointed with it but in his returne at Chester he deliuer'd it to the Archbishop confessing that he did resolue it was decreed he should not be annointed with it and so indeed it fell out For after him deposd Henry IV. was honor'd with this supposd diuine Ointment in his
name as designing only a Goddesse or Starre of sight generally which Cubar will well endure And those Eastern parts had euer anciently the Moon vnder both Sexes in their Deuotions Lunus k Spartian in Caracall vbi consulendus V. Cl. Is. Casaubonus and Luna Which seems not of yonger beginning then the adoration of the Sunne among the Persians which as the Crescent now to the Mahumedans was in some sort vsed and set vpon their Royall pauillions Patrio more Persarum saith l Curt. lib. 3. Xenophon lib. 8. Cyropaediae Curtius traditum est orto sole demùm procedere die iam illustri signum è tabernaculo Regis buccinâ dabatur Super tabernaculum vnde ab omnibus conspici possit image Solis crystauo inclusa fulgebat But of their Moon thus much And thus much of the Externall Ensigns of Maiestie Other particulars there are to this purpose But either so obsolet that our Age hath not to do with them as the carrying of Fier before the Persian and Roman Emperors the Ius Capillitij of France and the like Or so peculiar to some only that they are rather to be referd to the Countries custome and Ceremonie then Royall Maiestie TITLES OF HONOR SECOND PART PRinceps and Princeps Iuuentutis Caesar when first the Title for the apparant successor Rex Romanorum Despote Sebastocrator Caesar Panhypersebastus in the Eastern Empire The Despotes Crown An Innominat Title before Despote Daulphin The beginning cause and signification of that name in the French heirs Humbert Daulphin his Epitaph in Paris The Salique law and its interpretation Goropius his coniesture why the Franks allow not Womens gouernment Monsiuer title of the Brother and heire The custome of the French Peers being at the Queens Childbirth Clyto Clitunculus for the Saxon Princes Etheling or Adeling Errors of Polydore Duke of Normandie Prince of Wales when begun as proper to the Eldest son and heire of England Duke of Cornwall Prince of Scotland Duke of Rothsay Steward of Scotland Earldom of Rosse by Act of Parliament made as Appanage to the second sonnes in Scotland Infanta of Spain Prince of Astura The Pragmatica of Philip II. for writing to the Infanta of Spain CHAP. I. TO auoid the danger of an ensuing Anarchie as well in Electiue as Hereditarie Monarchies a designation hath vsually been of the next APPARANT HEIRE or successor and that by some honorary name In In the first of the Roman Empires infancie successors were by adoption appointed and stil'd Principes Iuuentutis The first example was in Octauian his adoption of Caius and Lucius sonnes of his daughter Iulia by Agrippa Yet as is before toucht with them Princeps alone was equiualent with the name of Emperor Otho to his a Tacit. Histor. 1. Annal. 1. Armie Nec priuatum me vocari sustineo Princeps a vobis nominatus nec Principem alio Imperante And of Augustus the same autor Lepidi atque Antonij arma in Augustum cessere qui cuncta discordijs ciuilibus fessa nomine Principis sub imperium accepit Thence came Principatus and b Tertullian lib. adu Hermog Principium to bee abstracts for their Power and Gouernment The affectation of this Title by the Emperors sprang from the vsuall name of Princeps Senatus which was before the Caesars known among them So did they in this preuent innouation Whereupon the dissembling Tiberius often c Dio. hist. 57. affiâ—md himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Emperor of the Armie but Prince of the Rest. But those who were constituted for succession had alwaies the addition of Iuuentutis to Princeps which Zonaras turns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Prince of the Youth The two adopted by Octauian are exprest by this name in a Coine picturd with them circled thus C. L. CAESARES AVGVSTI F. COS. DESIG PRINC IVVENT in the hands of that noble Mark Velser of Auspourg Others like are extant with that Title being as is supposd worn out of that Ancyran monument where you read EQVITES ROMANI VNIVERSI PRINCIPEM .......... HASTIS ARGENTEIS DONATVM APPELLAVERVNT The defect is supplied by coniecture of two great and most learned Critiques Casaubon and Lipsius with IVV. C. for Iuuentutis Caium And as Princeps Senatus was chief in their Senatorian order in their free State before the Caesarean Empire was the name of Princeps Iuuentutis for a chief in the Ordo Equestris So is the sonne of C. Curio named by d Orat. in Vatinium videâ— Lips Elect. lib. 2. cap. 1. Cicero From Octauian vntill Hadrian this Title remain'd for the apparant successor Thence began Caesar to that purpose For although others before which were apparant successors had that name yet in them it was as a note of their family not of their hope to the Empire But Hadrian by this name adopted Aelius Verus Of him thus Spartian Primus tantùm Caesaris nomen accepit adoptione Adriani familiae principum adscriptus And a little after Nihil habet in vita sua memorabile nisi quod primus tantùm e Iul. Capitoâ—inus in Clod. Albino docet quibus insignibus vti Caesarem licuit ex Epistolâ Commodi Aug. Ad Albinum v. Capitolin in Vero Imp. Caesar est appellatus so Casaubon reads instructed out of a Ms. in the French Kings Library non testamento vt antea solebat neque eo modo quo Traianus est adoptatus sed eo propè genere quo nostris temporibus à vestra Clementia he writes to Diocletian Maximinianus atque Constantius Caesares dicti sunt quasi quidam principum filij Viri designati Augustae maiestatis Haeredes Which disproues the tradition of Aur. Victor that in the adoption of Hadrian by Traian the name of Caesar first was the mark of succession Abhinc diuisa saith he nomina Caesarum atque Augusti inductúmque in Remp. vti duo seu plures summae potentiae dissimiles cognomento ac potestate dispari sint Caesar was then what remains to this day in the Western Empire known more vsually by REX ROMANORVM Which began with the Translation it seems of the Empire out of Greece into France Of the inauguration of Charles le magne writes Sigebert Karolo Regi Imperatorias laudes acclamant eúmque per manum Leonis Papae Coronant Caesarem Augustum appellant Pipinum verò filium eius Regem Italiae Ordinatum collaudant But it s obserud that after Charles surnam'd Crassus all the Emperors before him being meerly hereditarie enioying their Title not so much by Coronation or Vnction as right descendible no other stile was assum'd till Consecration from the Pope but Rex Romanorum and that it being had thenceforth they were all writen Augusti and Imperatores and so in their Charters was it by themselues obserud with Anno Regni so much Imperij so much Quod omnes saith a De Comitijs Imperatorijs Onuphrius posteà eius of Charles the Grosse
which was afterward Edward I. vt maturiùs ad res gerendas grauiores experiens redderetur fit Walliae Princeps simúlque Aquitaniae ac Hyberniae praefectus Vnde natum vt deinceps vnusquisque Rex hoc secutus institutum Filium maiorem natu Walliae Principem facere consueuerit It is true that Wales with Gascoigne Ireland and some other Territories in England were giuen to this Prince Edward vppon his marriage with Elianor daughter to Alfonso King of Spain Yet the Principality of Wales was not in that gift so speciall to this purpose For after the other it comes in the Patent in these words only k Archiu 39. Hen. 3. Vnà cum conquestu nostro Walliae When this Edward was King he made his sonne Edward of Caernaruan Prince of Wales a more particular course in policie vsd about it is in som of our stories whither I referre you and by that name and Earle of Chester sommond him to Parliament But all these made nothing to inuest the Title perpetually in the Heirs apparant although some haue deliuerd otherwise For this Edward of Caernaruan afterward Edward II. sommond his eldest sonne Prince Edward by the name of Earle of Chester and Flint only But when this Prince was King Edward III. he in Parliament first creats his sonne the Black Prince Duke of Cornwall quod primogenitus filius Regis Angliae qui foret hereditabilis Regno Angliae foret Dux Cornubiae quod Ducatus Cornubiae foret semper extunc primogenitis filijs Regum Angliae qui foret proximus haeres predicto Regno and giues him diuers possessions annext to the Duchie l Pat. 11. Ed. 3. memb 1. chart 1 Tenendum eidem Duci ipsius haeredum suorum Regum Angliae Filijs primogenitis et dicti loci Ducibus Since when the eldest sonnes of our Soueraigns haue been by law accounted Dukes of Cornwall in the first instant of their birth Neither only the eldest in respect of absolut primogeniture but also the second or other after the death of the first or former on whom this Title was so cast as it was lately resolud vpon good and mature reason grounded by diuers autorities and presidents for the now most noble Prince Charles Not long after the same Black Prince was inuested in the Principality of Wales Tenendum sibi heredibus Regibus Angliae since when neither is the true beginning of this Title of any other time The heirs apparant haue been honord with PRINCE OF WALES some hauing been created in like forme others only calld so The last creation was in that most hopefull blossom vntimely cropt out of Britains Garden Prince Henry whose title also was often Prince of Great Britain In Scotland the eldest sonne heire is born PRINCE OF SCOTLAND Duke of Rothsay and Stewart of the Kingdom The title of Duke of Rothsay hath so been since m Circa câ—â— cccc Robert III. first honord his eldest sonne Prince Dauid with it Yet Henry Lord Darley had it also before his marriage with Queen Mary And as Rothsay to the eldest so the Earldom of Rosse is in Scotland to the second sonne Thus speaks the n Parl. 9. Iacob 3. cap. 71. act of Parliament vnder Iames III. Our Souueraigne Lord with consent of his three Estaites of the Realme annexis till his Crowne the Earledome of Rosse with the Pertinents to remaine thereat for euer Swa that it sall not be leiffull to his hienesse or his aires nor his successoures to make alienation of the saide Erledome or ony part thereof fra his Crowne in ony wise saifand that it salbe leiffull to him and them to giue the said Erledome at their pleasance till any of his or their secunde sonnes lauchfully to be begotten twixt him and the Queene So in a manner are the Appanages in France and the Duchie of York with vs and the like In imitation of the English honor of Prince of Wales the INFANT and heir of SPAIN Infant is but o Infantes dicti passim Regum filij Roderico Toletano Rod. Santio vt Hispanicè Infantes Sonne or Child as in France les enfans le Roy had the title of Prince of Astura Principe de las Asturias which began first in Henry sonne of Iohn 1. King of Castile and Lions and afterward Henry III. of that Dominion to whom Iohn q Ita Stephanus de Garibay in Compend Histor. Hisp. lib. 15. cap. 25. ab co vulgus quòd Principem Hispaniae siue Castellae compellant Haeredem Regni arguitur of Gaunts daughter Catharine was giuen in marriage Som of their p Roderic Sant part 4. cap 22. Duque de Alencastre in Stephan de Garibay Stories ignorantly stile him Dux Alencastriae and Glocestriae aiming questionles at Lancastriae and Leicestriae for he was Earl of Leicester To that Henry and Catharine Vt Asturum Principes vocarentur datum saith Mariana more ex Anglia translato vbi Regum filij maiores Walliae Principes nominantur quod ab hoc initio susceptum ad nostram aetatem conseruatur vt Castellae Regum maiores Filij Asturum Principes sint quibus annis consequentibus Vbeda Biatia Illiturgisque sunt adiectae In the Spanish Pragmatica of câ—â— D. LXXXVI For Titles it is ordered that the Infants and Infantas of Spain shall only haue the Title of Highnesse And in the top of Letters to them shall be only writen My Lord Sennor and in the end God keep your Highnesse only and vpon the Superscription To my Lord the Infant Don N. or To my Lady the Infanta Donna N. And that Highnesse without addition is to bee vnderstood only of the Prince heir and successor Dux in the times before the Caesarean Empire And in it Limitum Duces Ducatus Tunicae Ducales Ducianum iudicium Comites and the beginning of the Honorary Comitiua vnder Constantine His Counts of three Ranks The President of making a Count of the first Rank Dukes and Counts of the first Rank made equall Comitiua Vacans and Honorarie Titles without gouernment or administration giuen about the declining Empire 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Kings Friend 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the later Greek Empire Comitiua Secundi Ordinis How the name of Count was both equall and vnder Duke Dukes and Counts at will of their supreme anciently If a Duke then should haue XII Counties vnder him The beginning of this and other Titles to be Feudall and hereditarie in the Empire The ceremony of giuing Prouinces by deliuering of one or more Banners The making of the Marquisat of Austria a Dukedom The Archdukes name his habit and Crown in ancient Charters Imperiall Magnus Dux Lithuaniae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hereditarily giuen by Constantine the great to the Prince of Athens vpon weak credit Power giuen to the Duke of Austria being made a King to create a Duke of Carniola The difference of Dukes in the Empire Who of them
II chap. I. the Bishop of Rennes with a Crown d' or a haults fleurons d'un Esgale hauteur qui estla Corone Royall For indeed the Royall Habiliments remaind there to the Dukes But those ancient Dukedoms or Counties being too great in Soueraintie for a subiects hand haue by litle and litle been reunited to the Crown as Champagne Brie Bretagne Normandie and the rest like not without much desire and policie of the succeeding French Kings Neither would they euer make any new inuestitures with those ancient Royalties Neither is there one of those so Kingly Dignities yet vnder the French Empire which hath not been drownd in the Crown either by marriage Treason committed or some such cause But they haue created a new Forme both by giuing Appenages to the yonger sonnes as also Dukedoms and Counties to others reseruing alwaies ressort souueraintee as they call it that is their Royalties for receiuing appeals and supremacie of seigneurie and withall in the Appenages the reuersion to themselues in default of heires masles which by an Ordinance of Charles the ninth was extended to all other Dukedoms and Counties in future time to be erected Wherfore the Dukes and Counts at this present and of this later creation in France haue no other marke ot participation of Souuerainty but only in that they beare as L'Oyseau saith la Corone au tymbre de leurs armoiries And are not Seigneurs Souuerains but Suzerains Neither haue they now the Crown as a part of their habit but a formalitie only on their Armorie Ils ne portent pas en teste à present qu'ils ne sont plus que simples seigneurs suzerains ne leur estant aussi plus concedée a present en leur inuestiture partant ils ne l'ont plus qu'en peinture au tymbre de leurs armoiries si ce n'est qu' ils soient Princes Souuerains auquel cas ils la pourroient porter en teste But whereas hee vpon a passage in Uillhehardouin thinks that the Crowns of the first kind of Dukes were not very ancient I rather ghesse them to be at least as ancient as neer som c. yeers from the beginning of the third line For about that time in the Constantinopolitan Empire vnder Alexius Comnenus when the new titles of Sebastocrator and the like were inuented he honord both the Sebastocrator who was then at first apparant successor with a Crown as also the Caesar being the next title to the Sebastocrator 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith his a Anna Comnen Alexiad 3. Daughter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. In a publique Session hee commanded that they should be crowned both the Sebastocrator and the Caesar with Crowns differing much in worth from that which he himself was crownd withall The Sebastocrator's perhaps was then as the Despot's afterward Of that in the first chapter of this book And the Caesar's as the Sebastocrator's in later time Obserue but the succession of one of these titles into anothers place whereof already and you may agree to the Coniecture The Sebastocrators appears in the Emperor b Curopalat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cantacuzen's inuesting his wiues brothers Manuel and Iohn with that Dignity and giuing them Crowns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as my autor saies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. hauing before only one Arch. And it will not be absurd to think that in imitation of those Eastern Princes the custom of bearing Crowns by such as were inuested in so great Honors came into these Eastern parts What communitie then was twixt the Eastern Western States euery man knows that hath read the Holy warres of that age Som of the French deriue their word Appenage from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 expressing in the Eastern Sacred Du Haillan liure 3. Empire the sacred habitude twixt the Soueraigne and Suzâ—raine Why might not imitation of their habits bee as well as of their language It s more anciciently noted of Charles the d Annal. Incert Aut. sub A. 876. Edit a Pithoeo Bald K. of France that he too much imitated the Constantinopolitan Emperor and how that age about Alexius his time generally affected Helleâ—â—sine and such words of Greek as they could get them is apparant in the Monkish stories then writen in ancient Charters and other examples infinit And afterward in the Charter of the Black Prince his creation into Duke of Cornwall vnder Our Edward III a meer Greek word is inserted by the characters of intimos misprinted in the Princes case Rointimos which is plainly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. honorificè or such like and could not but ridiculously bee vsd now for Latine Neither can their Crowns anciently bee so much imputed to their then possest Souerainty For then why did our e Coronâ cinctus 1. de Eltham Comes Cornâ—bâ—ae F. Edvv. II. VVestmonasterij Sepultus Earles before any Dukes made in England weare any such Crowns and meerly such as are now Ducal They were not Soueraigns more then their posterity at this day Or why had both our Dukes Marquesses and Earls afterward Crowns to their Creation and as ornaments fiâ—ting their heads not imaginarie only or formaâ—l vpon their Armories But for an example of the ceremonie belonging to those ancient Dukes in France take this of our King Iohn Duke of Normandie Accinctus est as Roger of Houedens words are gladio Ducatus Normanniae in matrici ecclesia he means at Rouen per manum Walteri Rothomagnesis Archiepiscopi praedictus Archiepiscopus posuit in Capite Ducis Circulum aureum habentem in summitate per circuitum Rosas aureas which Matthew Paris and the Annals of Ireland call rosulas aureas artificialitèr fabricatas When it first began in France to bee a speciall and distinct title from Count is diuersly affirmd But they most truly deliuer that suppose it first proper to the Dukes of Bretagne To Iohn the second Gouernor of that Territorie the Charter of Philip le Beau dated in M. CC. XCVII thus grants f Exstraict du lett de Pairrie chez Berttand d'Argentre hist. de Bret. liure 4. chap. 31. Belleforest liure 4. chap. 43. Ducem ipsum qui Comes fuit aliquando nostris vocatus in literis Ducem fore Terram Britanniae Ducatum existere ipsúmque Ducem in posterum deberi vocari autoritate regia ex Certa scientia declaramus tenore praesentium confirmamus This Iohns predecessors being before vsually known by the indistinct name of Dux and Comes Britanniae of whose equiualencie in ancient time alreadie Yet so that the Title was distinctly affected by them before this time Witnesse their Monuments deliuerd in Bertrand d'Argentre and specially the title of our old Earls of Richmond being also Dukes there For in a Charter which I haue of Geffrey Plantagenest sonne to Henry II. beeing possest of both those Territories made to one Richard the sonne of Reiner and his heirs of Tronagium Pesagium de Nundinis meis Sancti
Pilei circuli aurei impositionem and a Charter deliuered him and diuers others like occurre in the Rols But the Charters of Creation of them of later times are Nomen c. Dignitatem Ducis N. damus concedimus atque per Gladij cincturam Cappae Circuli aurei impositionem in Capite Traditionem virgae aureae realiter investimus Where the Ring as also in more ancient times is omitted and the Sword Cap and Coronet rememberd But long before Edward the III. the name of Dux is in our stories and ancient Charters Yet hardly twixt him and the Norman Conquest It seems it was the rather abstaind from in that time because the Conquerors title in Normandie whence he came was at the best no greater But in the Saxon Raign it is very frequent In a Charter of K. Edgar to the Abbey d Ingulphus of Crowland dated DCCCC LXVI is subscription of witnesses after the Bishops Abbots and Abbesses but the precedence is not alwayes obserud thus Ego Orgarus Dux constitui ✚ Ego Ailwnius Dux constabiliui ✚ Ego Oslacus Dux affui ✚ Ego Alferus Dux interfui ✚ Ego Elphegus Dux audiui ✚ and according to this are a multitude of Charters of those times some of them hauing also their Prouinces annext to their names as in another of the same yeare and King Ego Ordgarus Dux Doneuoniae consignaui ✚ Ego a L. Elfegus Elfegus Southamtoniensis Dux consensi ✚ and a writer that liu'd b Ethelwerd lib. 3. cap. 2. v. Eundem lib. 4. ca. 2. Hengistus dicitur primus CoÌ„sul Dux qui de Germania fuerat gentiâ— Anglorum in those times tells of one Hun Dux Prouinciae Sumorsetum slaine in a battell twixt Egbert K. of Westsaxonie and Beornulph K. of Mercland and buried at Winchester This was proper to them which next vnder Supremacie Royall had the gouernment of Prouinces You may see it specially in the Example of the Northumberland Dukes beginning in Otha brother to Hengist They although very great in power yet for almost a hundred yeares would not assume the name of King but Duke Of them this Will of Malmesburie Annis vno minus Centum Northanimibri Duces communi habitu Contenti sub Imperio Cantuaritarum privati agebant sed non postea stetit haec ambitionis continentia seu quia semper in deteriora decliui est humanus animus seu quod gens illa naturaliter inflatiores anhelat spiritus Anno itaque Dominicae Incarnationis DLXVII post mortem Hengisti LX. Ducatus in Regnum est muta tus regnauitque ibi primus Ida haud dubie Nobilissimus aetate viribus integer verum vtrum ipsi pro se Principatum invaserit an aliorum consensu delatum susceperit parùm definio quia veritas est in abdito Yet in the Latine stories you cannot make sufficient distinction twixt their Dux and Comes and Consul and e V. Alcuin Epist 2. titulum Ethclwerdi qui nempe Saxonicam conscripsit historiam Patricius all which I doubt not are sometime vsd for the same Dignitie or Office But I am resolu'd that the Dukes or chiefest Princes were in the Saxon idiom known by the name of Eorles which is our very word Earles Their Archbishops and Earles were in the same rank of worth their Bishops and Ealdormannes Aldermen in another Testimonie beyond exception proues it In the Lawes of * Leg. Athelstani cap. Be westum those times a Archbishops and Earles Wergild is 15000. Thyrmsas Bishops Aldermens 8000. AErcebisceopes Eorles waergild biþ xv M. ðrimsa Bisceoþs Ealdormannes VIII M. So Archbishops and Ethelings of this word before in the first Chapter are in another b Canut leg cap. 55. law of that age ioin'd and Ealdormannes Leodbisceopes i. Aldermen and Provinciall inferior Bishops But that you may vnderstand the transcribed Saxon Law Weregild among them was as the Ciuilians Aestimatio Capitis or a mans worth which in that age was paid as the price of Death or other Faults and had its originall from ancient manners of those people whence the English came the Germans among whom as Tacitus of them then luitur etiam homicidium certo armentorum ac pecorum numero recipitque satisfactionem vniuersa Domus Neither doth the expressing of so many Thrymsas a Thrymsa c Leg. Aleman cap. 6. was a third part of their shilling not three shillings as some much mistake differ from Tacitus his relation of a cer taine number of Beasts Read his old Law of the d Lex Saxonum cap. 64. ad hanc rem consulas Leg. Ripuariorum c. 37. art 12. Saxons Solidus est Duplex Vnus habet duos Tremisses i. Thrymses qui est Bos anniculus XII mensium vel Ouis cum agno Alter solidus tres semisses I read tres tremisses id est â—os XVI mensium Maiori solido aliae compositiones Minori homicidia componuutur This Wergeld or Werigeld is often met with in the Salique laws those of Childebert and Clothar of the Ripuarians and such more And in e Regiam Maiestat li. 4. ca. 19. priuilegium Macduffi familiae a Malcolmo III. indultum v. apud Buchanan de reb Scotic lib. 7. de Cro Scotorum videsis Reg. Maiestat 4. cap. 24. 36. 40. laws publisht vnder Dauid I. of Scotland De vnoquoque fure per totam Scotiam est Wergelt XXX Vaccae vna iuvenca siue fuerit liber homo siue seruus And that the ancient punishments in the Roman state also consisted chiefly in f Sext. Pompeius verb. Ouibus Agell Noct. Atâ—ic lib. II. cap. I. alij mulcts of Oxen and Sheep cannot bee vnknown to any obseruer of their Antiquities But it is here plaine taht an Earle of those times was neer of double estimation to their Alderman Of the Alderman more anon Neyther is it more to bee doubted but that no name properly can so fit the Latine Dux in their Charters and stories as Eorle But how it became since with vs only for Count or Comes with its signification shall in due place bee manifested In Scotland some affirme that rhe Title of Duke amongst others began vnder Malcolm II. about m. XX. of Christ. If they mean that it was then indistinctly also vsd with Comes you may beleeu them But the first occurrence that I haue obseru'd of it in their Monuments is in Parliament of XI of Robert III. at Scone ibidem vocatis more solito Episcopis Prioribus Ducibus Comitibus Baronibus libre tenentibus Burgensibus qui de Domino nostro Rege tenent in Capite This was in the yeer m. CD and it s iudiciously deliuer'd that this Robert III. some II. yeares before by creating his sonne Prince Dauid Duke of Rothsay first brought this great note of distinct honor into that Kingdome At the same time hee inuested his brother Robert with Title of Dux Albaniae Maruell not that
his own and his brothers name were both Robert His at his bâ—ptisme was Iohn But at his taking the Royall gouernment either for the vnluckines of the one name in the French and English or for the good which accompanied the other in his own predecessors changd himselfe out of Iohn into Robert The first Duke in Castile as is * Esteuan de Garibay lib. 15. cap. 27. 54. g Circa m. CCC LXX affirm'd was Frederique bastard sonne to g Henry II. of Castile by him created Duke of Benauente And Iohn successor to this Henry made his second sonne Ferdinand Prince of Lara Duke of Pennafiel Ferdinando minori Regis filio saith Mariana â—ui Lara Principatus erat oppidum Pennafielis additum Ducis nomine Corona Capiti imposita nullis extantibus Floribus quod Collatae dignitatis insigne erat tametsi nostra aetate non Duces sed Comites etiam Coronam clypeis adijciunt Regis haud absimilem But their Ducall Crown now is as in England fleuronee so was that of Ferdinando saith Stephen of Garibay and as a Kings not archt but that only the flowers are lesse and so euen que vna no suba mas que otra as Esteuan de Garibay's words are i. that one bee not higher then another And the ancient Dukes might weare it aswell on their heads as Armories and had diuers such prerogatiues euen Royall when they were all of Royall bloud But for the most part now cessing to bee so most of their prerogatiues also cesse saith Garibay at least in the Kingdomes of Castile In ancient time there aswell as in other places this Dignitie was only for life And to this day my autor is h De Reb. Hispan lib. 8 cap. 2. Mariana the steps of that Estate are in the Spanish Nobilitie For none of them Duke Marquesse or Count vse their titles after death of their Ancestors but Rege denuò annuente vnlesse some few such families only as by the Kings speciall grant may doe otherwise Which although here noted as many other things in this Chapter is appli'd to some Titles hereafter to bee spoken of The Pragmatica ordains that none whatsoeuer shall haue the Title of Excellent or Excellencie But that the the Grands all Dukes mongst them are Grands and some Marquesses and Counts or such as may stand couered before the King shall bee honord with Vuâ—stra Sennoria i. your Lordship And that in superscriptions to any Duke Marquesse or Count the place denominating his dignitie shall to it be added To speake here of particular Dukedomes their rights Regalties and such like were from our purpose Wee haue alreadie rememberd that il Gran Duca di Toscana the Duke of Florence had his Crown radiant and that Title of Gran Duca by speciall indulgence from Pius Qnintus who inscribd i Cicarella in Vit. Pontific his gift with Pius V. Pontifex Max. ob eximiam Dilectionem ac Catholicae Religionis Zelum praecipuumque Iustitiae studium donauit There is a parâ—icular forme of Creation instituted by Paul II. which for the length and because most of the differing Ceremonies are as proper to that Church I omit But there is no Crown but a Cap only Biretum and a Scepter Yet what the Reporter k Marcell corâ—grens Sa. Oerem I. Iust. 7. adds for his difference of Dukes I think may bee worth obseruation Et haec quidem saith he seruantur si Dux est Magnae Nobilitatis Potentiae vt fuit Tempore Domini Pauli PP II. Borsus Ferrariae Si verò esset Mediocris potentiae vt fuit Tempore D. Sixti PP IV. to this Pope this autor was a kind of Master of the Ceremonies Fredericus Dux Vrbini omnia seruantur nisi quod non duceretur à Cardinalibus sed à duobus assistentibus Papae principalibus sederet vltimus post omnes Cardinales in Banco Diaconorum eundo incederet solus post Crucem ante omnes Cardinales Quod si adhuc esset inferior tunc omnia alia seruarentur nisi quod non daretur ei sceptrum neque sederet in banco Cardinalium sed ad pedes Papae in supremo gradu eundo incederet ante Crucem post Oratores alios Principes here you see his triple distinction of them and others haue them by Maiores and Minores Duces wherupon saith the learned l De Coronis lib. 9. cap. 22. Paschalius that the Maiores omnes vnius ordinis esse Censentur omnes propemodum suspiciuntur vt Reges longeque antistant illis quos voco Minores Neyther can any not see much difference twixt those of Florence Ferrara Sauoy Lorrain Saxonie Brunswic and such more which mongst them also differently haue so many imperiall rights and the French of late time English Scotish and Spanish Dukes which are all Seignieurs Suzerains subiect Lords and many of them possessing their denominating Territorie in Tit'e only not in gouernment Yet Charles L'oyseau idly minseth his difference to small where he makes our English Dukes to bee a degree by themselues qui ne sont qu' a vie come Officiers What Dukes he means with vs I know not But all men may know that since Edward III. the Title hath been Honorary and Hereditarie Nor doth that frequent name of Duke occurring in Genes XXXVI belong to this place The word in the holy tongue is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Paraphrases of Onkolos and Ionathan turne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both signifying a Lord Prince or great Ruler and the m Rabbi S. Iarchi in Genes 6. Com. 15. Ebrewes interpret them there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Heads of families or Kinreds although Alloph may serue also to expresse any great dignitie vnder a King The Rabbins say that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Euery Alluph is a Kingdom without a Crown which Elias interprets that euery King not crownd is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Dux i. a Duke The Germans call them Hertzogen and Hertochen whence the Hertochij in that vnder the name of the Confessors laws both signifying Dux as he is exercitui praefectus Remember what is in the first booke of the Duke of Moscouie for a Duke vncrowned yet supreme Prince Ducis Limitanei Marquesses whence the name Marque 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Gaulish Marcheta Mulieris the Brides maidenhead Mareshall vsuall application of names of a later age to antique relations by old English Poets The deriuation of Marquesse a mari idle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 How in one man Duke Count and Marquesse was anciently often exprest The beginning of the name of this Dignitie in the Empire Markgraue Marchio Burgundiae and Normanniae His inuestiture by a Ring His Coronet Presedence in France Alciat's admonition in point of Presedence Marchiones in England Iohn of Sarisburie corrected Snowdon Controuersie twixt the Lords Marchers and the Barons of the Cinque Ports about bearing the Canopie Earle of March. First Marquesse in
Aethelings and where amongst Knouts Collections one is that twise in the yeer the scyregemot i. the Shiremote that which is now calld the Shirifes Turne should be held and that in it should sit the Bishop of the Diocesse and the Ealdorman the old Latine hath In illo Comitatu sit Episcopus Comes qui ostendant populo iustitias Dei rectitudinem seculi For the Bishop did in the same u Edgâ—r leg cap. 5. Court vnder the Saxons exercise Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction vntill William the first alter'd that course Proptereà mando saith a. Patent x Inspex 2. Rich. 2. pro decano cap. Ecclâ—s Lincoln plenius habetur in Iano nostro li. 2. §. 14. of K William regiâ autoritate praecipio vt nullus Episcopus vel Archidiaconus de legibus Episcopalibus amplius in Hundredo placita teneat Nec causam quae ad Regimen animarum pertinet ad iudicium secularium hominum adducat sed quicunque secundum episcopales leges de quacunque causa vel culpa interpellatus fuerit ad locum quem ad hoc opus elegerit nominauerit veniat ibique de causa sua respondeat non secundum Hundredum sed secundum Canones Episcopales leges rectum Deo Episcopo suo faciat But this makes apparant that the Ealdormen were meerely Officiarie and as our Shirifes at this day For what is the name of Shirife or Shriue but their scyregereue or Shyregreue and what was Shyregreue but Alderman or Ealdorman Among the laws titled with name of the Confessor thus you read sicut modo vocantur Greues qui super alios prefecturas habent ita apud Anglos antiquitus vocabantur Ealdormen quasi seniores non propter senectutem cum quidem adolescentes essent sed propter sapientiam Yet remember also that by a testimony which I am not confident in Ealdorman was appli'd to some of much meaner rank but as a generall name and with a more particular regard perhaps giuen to Ealdormen of Prouinces or Shires whereof more when we speak of Barons So that those which were ordain'd Ciuill Iudges in Prouinces as the inferior sort of Counts before treated of had there this name of Ealdormen remaining to this day in diuers Corporations in a sense somewhat of the same nature and were wont to be assistant to the Kings of that time in their Wittenagemots or Mikel Synods they were as our Parliaments with the Clergie In the Frontispice of Ina's laws he saith he made them with the assent and help of his Bishops mid eallum minum Ealdormannum þam yldestan witan minse þeode i. and with all my Ealdormen and the eldest wise men of my people Where the more honorary titles of his subiects are omitted and thence is it that in ancient Monks their Parlaments are calld Procerum Synodus and Synodus Senatorum the word Senator well enough translating Ealdorman And as the Iudges of the Shires were calld Ealdormen so it seems hee that was as Chief Iustice of England had the name of Ealderman of all England An y Chronic. Ramsci apud Camden in Huntindon old Epitaph HIC REQVIESCIT ALLWINVS INCLYTI REGIS EADGARI COGNATVS TOTIVS ANGLIAE ALDERMANNVS ET HVIVS SACRI COENOBII MIRACVLOSVS FVNDATOR Vnderstand the Monastery of Ramsey in Huntindonshire Neither do I thinke this Ailwine to be any other then he which subscribes a Charter of Edgars in Ingulph with Ego Alwine Dux consensi Hee is calld Half-koning i. Half-king in the storie of that Monastery and is thus rememberd in an old z Aymon Vit. Abbonis Floriac cap. 5. v. Malmesb. lib. 4. de gest Pontific in Episc. Lin. coln Autor of France Inter eundem spatium Regem adijt Anglorum ac eius Ducem Hehelguinum how easily Hehelguin is made of Ailwin euery one sees Out of these disserences twixt Eorles and Ealdormen the one hauing suprem gouernment next after the King ouer the Prouince in such sort as the Earles after the Conquest whereof presently the other being but Iudges Iudices fiscales Shirifes and like those Comites minores inferior to Dukes may be easily collected that in those subscriptions of the Saxon times Comes is not alwayes to bee took for one equall to Dux but also sometimes for Ealdermen as perhaps in most of those Charters where diuers precede by name of Dux although that precedence alwaies make not the difference enough sure Of Ealdormen somewhat more where we speak of Visconts To deriue into the Saxons their Counts from that of a De moribus Germanorum Tacitus Magna Comitum emulatio quibus primus apud Principem suum locus Principum cui plurimi acerrimi Comites were although some do it but to fetch the substance of this speciall title from that which Tacitus could by no other word well expresse He deliuers it indeed of a people whereof our Saxons were a fragment But vnder fauour those Comites can signifie nothing there but meer followers neither did Tacitus euer dream of it as an Honorary Title or Office by that speciall name Neither in Tacitus his time was the name at all Honorary or Officiary Hee explains himself in the same place Haec dignitas saith he hae Vires magno semper electorum iuuenum globo circumdari in pace decus in bello praesidium Turpe Principi virtute vinci Turpe Comitatui virtutem Principis non adaequare Where both Comes and Comitatus the one proceeding from the other neither is it more then ridiculous to deriue Comitatus à commanendo as b Otto Frisiagens de gest Frederic lib. 1. cap. 13. one doth occurre but not any way to giue on origination to the present inquiry At the Norman inuasion the title of the Conqueror being before at the best but Dux Normanniae and oftimes Comes to those Saxon Eorles were giuen the names of Consules or Comites but Comites onely when in steed of that dignitie of Eorle any creation was by the Norman Kings and in Autors of neer that age such as were after created are stiled Consules sometime but rarely occurrs any where Dux Indeed c De gest Pontific lib. 3. Malmosbury speaking of Walker made Bishop and Count Palatin of Durham vnder William 1. saith hee was Dux paritèr Prouinciae Episcopus But it appears that their Dignitie vnder the Normans was like that of the Dukes and greatest Princes vnder the Saxon Kings otherwise why should they haue retain'd the name of Eorle The Conquerer William the first putting all enheritances and possessions both of the Church and Laitie vnder his suprem dominion nor permitting any foot of land within this Realme to be free from either a mediat or immediat Tenure of him created diuers into this title of Earle making it feudall and hereditarie And in some Grants made reference to the Saxon Times as in that to Alan Count d Camd. in Brig of Bretagne in giuing him the Earldom of
ane hundredh markes of this extent that now is be compelled to come personally to the Parliament bot gif it be that our soueraine Lords write specially for them And sal not to be vnlaued for their presence and they send their procuratours to answere for them with the Baronnes of the Schire or the maist famous persons And all that are aboue the extent of ane hundreth markes to cum to the Parliament vnder the paine of the auld vnlaw Which Acts I haue the rather transcribed because out of them fully appears the difference of their Lords or Parlamentarie Barons and their Lairds or only Barons by name For those Freeholders not Parlamentarie are no longer honorarie or Barons in the best degree but meerly as possâ—ssors of a small Territorie and are being Lairds beneath Knights and with them reckond as our Commons which consist in Freeholders But those other which are part of the Lords temporall are in proportion with ours of England But both theirs and ours are much different from those of France and of a superior note for as is alreadie shewd the French Barons are Seigneurs mediocres and hold not of the Crown whereas all both Scotish and English being Parlamentarie haue no other Tenure if you respect the dignity as held or other originall if you regard their Creations In e L'oyseau des droicts de Med. Seig. chap. 8. §. 10. France as Dukes Marquisses Counts and Princes haue the priuiledge of bearing a Coronet on their Armories so Vicounts Barons and Chastellains haue the speciall honor of the Gilt Helmet and bearing it open But saith f Paschal de Coronis lib. 9. cap. 13. another of France Barons may wear Non quidem laminam integram latam sed tenuiorem ac restrictiorem ac veluti circulum siue gracile vinculum aureum In Spain their Ricos hombres which had Knights Vassalls vnder them anciently the name I think not now vsd mongst them were neerest as Barons in other States and if I am not deceiud are so now calld For a Corollarie to this Discourse of Barons we add and that enough opportunely the ancient title of Vacuassours or Valuasors They questionles began in the Empire when the other Dignities of Duke Marquesse and the like In the name of Valuasores-Regis and Regni and Maiores were comprehended Duke Marquesse Count and Capitaneus howsoeuer others otherwise interpret Read this in the beginning of the Feudals Dux Marchio Comes feudum dare possunt qui propriè Regni vel Regis Capitanei dicuntur Sunt alij qui ab istis Feuda accipiunt qui proprie Regis vel Regni Valuasores dicuntur sed hodiè Capitanei appellantur Qui ipsi Feuda dare possunt Some hence inferre that Ualuasores Regis aut Regni or Maiores were such as had their Feudal Honor vnder and from Dukes Marquesses or Counts insisting vpon the words sunt alij qui ab Istis c. Where vnder fauor Istis is to bee refer'd to Regni vel Regis as if the Composers of those laws had said there are others also calld Capitanei and Valuasores or Capitanei Regis haue their best Dignitie Autoritie of the same laws in another passage maintains it where after an enumeration of the Three chief Feudal Honors is added Qui vero a Prineipe vel ab aliqua potestate de plebe aliqua vel plebis parte per Feudum est inuestitus is Capitaneus appellatur And then Qui proprie Valuasores Maiores olim appellabantur What can be more plain then that Valuasores Maiores are referd to Dux Marchio Comes Capitaneus So that as all Dignities aboue Baron is included in the Baronage yet Baron a distinct Title so all were called Capitanei Regis Ualuasores Maiores yet Capitaneus the same with Valuasour anciently a particular and separat Dignitie The name of Capitaneus occurrs somtimes in the Epistles of Peeter de Vineis Secretarie to Frederique II. and the Dignitie in abstract is calld g Pet. de Vineis lib. 6. Epist. 22. Capitania It was the self same word which we vse in the Warres Captain And thence had the later Grecians their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and for the Office or Dignitie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Neither in the Feudall law is any name more competent to the Honorarie and Feudall Baron then Capitaneus Regis or Ualuasor Maior The Feudalls go on Qui verò à Capitaneis antiquitùs Beneficium tenent Valuasores sunt That is as of necessitie it must bee vnderstood Valuasores minores or simply Valuasores and thereby distinguisht from the other Qui autem à Valuasoribus Feudum quod à Capitaneis habebatur similit er acceperint Valuasini id est Minores Valuasores appellantur where the great Lawiers Hotoman and Cuiacius not so much regarding the words of the text as the substance of the matter make the diuision of Ualuasours into Valuasores Maiores i. of the first Rank and Capitanei Valuasores Minores simply here calld Ualuasores and Valuasini or Valuasores Minimi which are stil'd here Minores as if in our language you should say Lord Paramount being at lest a Baron not King Mesne and Tenant-perauaile And all these there were accounted Titles Honorarie in the Empire after such time as all Honor discendible became Feudall wherof more presently There were anciently Valuasores also in France Ieffrey of Vendosme in an h Goffrid Vindocinens lib. 2. Epist. 32. Epistle Praeter ista multa alia damna Dominus Ioannes filius Comitis Vindocinensis cum eo quidam Valuassores Milites de Castro Vindocini quandam Optimam Obedientiam nostram depredati sunt Where Sirmond the Iesuit notes this inscription mongst Sugerius his Epistles Sugerio Abbati Domino suo G. Maior Valuassores tota sancti Richarij Communia And adds of his own that Valuasours are the same which they now call Nobiles atque incolae Oppidi alicuius whereto without reference to a tenure I assent not And a great i Ex Butelerij sum Rurali Hotomanus in Verbis Feudalibus Lawier allows of this definition or rather description of their Valuasor Valuasor dicitur Nobilis qui summae Coercitionis non etiam nundinarum mercatus ius habet Vn gentilhome qui a Seigneurie de haute Iustice. Estque saith Hotoman Barone inferior atque ab eo feudum suum obtinet In the old customs k De parties 〈◊〉 heritage chap. 26. 34. of Normandie the Tenancie of a Valuassour vnderstand chiefly of the meanest is titled Vauassourie L'heritage the words are est appelli partable en quoy le Seigneur ne puit reclamer nulle garde sicome sont Vauassouries tout auter tenement villain Where the French Glosse saies that you must take it spoken des vauassouries non noblement tenus affirming that other Vauassouries there are noblement tenues These ignoble Vauassouries
heretofore our Knighting had in it the same or one proportionat to the same as its chief ceremonie in which the honor by retaining or dishonor by losing consisted Where obserue also that as the Romans had their Cingulum dignitatis and Cingulum militare and Otiosum Cingulum so haue some of our parts had their Gladius Comitatus whereof before and Ducatus and such like and in giuing of those Titles the Cinctura gladij which must not as referd to that ancient vse of making Knights per Cincturam be supposd to be both a Knighting and a Creation of the other Dignities But as in these confin'd vsually to some Prouince so the old Comitiua was to speciall place in Court the y vti Imperium gladio solennitèr dato fuerit translatum docebit plenius P. Faber Semestrium 1. cap. 3. ius gladij for gouernment was at lest partly transferd so in the girding with a sword for Knighthood the vsus Gladij if I may so say for seruice in Warre which difference is seriously to be thought on and conferd with those Cincturae in the Creations of Dukes Earles Marquesses and the like before related In the stories of about M. of our Sauiour mention is very frequent of such as were by Princes accincti gladio for Knighted But before that in the Empire was another ceremonie with the Girding that was it seems a blow on the eare giuen by the Prince to him whom he so honord In the Reports of Friseland its deliuerd that Charles le magne being verie indulgent and liberall of his bountie to the States there granted by Constitution that their Gouernor might make Knights by girding of them with a sword and giuing them a blow on the eare as the custom was Eis gladium circumcingat are the words of the a Dat. Romae A. Chr. 8â—2 Ex Mennenio Monument dato eisdem sicut consuetudinis est manu Colapho sic Milites faciat eisdemque firmiter iniungendo praecipiat vt deinceps more Militum sacri Imperij aut Regni Franciae armati incedant Qui Frisones signum suae militiae à dicta Potestate their Gouernor recipere debent in quo Corona Imperialis in signum suae libertatis â nobis concessae debeat esse depicta Another like example is at large describd in Francis Mennens by whom is writen that in the b Archiu Louaniens Ann. 1260. vide Lips Louan lib. 3. Records of Louain a Constitution is that none should be Equestri Balteo cinctus or knighted vntill hee had gone in three seuerall voyages of Warres And note once by the way that in the Empire as well as elswhere Miles was in the more barbarous times both a Knight and any common Souldier and one also that held his Fief by Knights seruice as out of the Feudalls you are instructed At this day in the Empire the solemnitie of Creation consists as with vs chiefly in touching the deseruing with a Sword or laying it on him So I think in most places of Europe although in Charles V. his victorie against Frederique Duke of Saxonie a great companie of Gentlemen of good merit in the late seruice were knighted by the Emperors acclamation of Seà n todos Caualieros i. be they all Knights But of them som obseruable particulars will best appeare if we speake of them as they haue been in other States created The ancientest testimonie of any made in England is vnder Alfred that honord his nephew Athelstan afterward King with this Dignitie William of Malmesbury thus expresses it Militem fecit donatum Chlamyde coccineâ gemmato Baltheo ense Saxonico cum vagina aurea But in succeeding times of the Anglo-Saxons more religion was vsâ— in taking this Order Neither was it done without a solemne confession of sinnes receiuing the Sword from the Altar at the hands of some Church-man and such like which also hath c Vide si placit Francisc. Mennen Symb. Orig. Equest been in the Empire and France An old Monk speaking d Lambert Schaffnaburg in Chronico of the Emperor Henry III. and the Archbishop of Breme saith that Goslariae per concessionem Archiepiscopi primum se Rex arma bellica succinxit And Anglorum erat consuetudo writes one that liud at the e Ingulphus Norman Conquest quòd qui Militiae legitimè consecrandus esset vesperè praecedente diem suae Consecrationis ad Episcopum vel Abbatem vel Monachum vel Sacerdotem aliquem câ—ntritus compunctus de omnibus suis peccatis confessionem faceret absolutus orationibus Deuotionibus afflictionibus deditus in Ecclesia pernoctaret in Crastino quoque Missam auditurus Gladium super altare offerret post Euangelium Sacerdos benedictum gladium collo Militis cum Benedictione imponeret communicatus ad eandem Missam sacris Christi Misterijs denuò miles legitimus permaneret And according to this forme was that most Noble Heward Knighted by his vncle Brand Abbot of Bury about the Norman inuasion But this kind the Normans much dislikt Hanc saith Ingulph cousecrandi Militis consuetudinem Normanni abominantes non Militem legitimum talem tenebant sed socordem Equitem Quiritem degenerem deputabant Which makes me confidently referre that of Ne Abbates faciant Milites constituted in III. f Synod Westmonast A. 1102. Malmesb. de gest Pontific 1. Hen. I to this custom The Normans not liking it in a Prouinciall Synod vnder Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury and Gerard of York then thus prohibited it and perhaps named only Abbots because it seems of inferior Churchmen none or few would or did receiue it and the Bishops were by likelyhood not willing to take the power from themselues But howeuer that was took from Churchmen yet the solemnitie's it seems of taking the Sword from the Altar and such like in the Church remaind afterward For Iohn of Sarisburie speaking of an implied oth that all Knights of his time took as for defence of the Church Iam inoluit saith g Policratc lib. 6. cap. 10. 13. consulas morem illum à Paulo 11. institutum apud Marcell Corcyrens lib. 1. sect 7. iuramentum câ—eandi Equitis apud Olaum Magnum Septent Nation 14. cap. 7. he consuetudo solennis vt ea die qua quisque Militari Cingulo decoratur Ecclesiam solennitèr adeat Gladioque super Altari posito oblato quasi celeberi professione facta seipsum obsequio altaris deuouerat Gladij id est Officij sui ingem Deo sponderat famulatum Neque necesse est vt hoc profiteatur verbo cum legitima professio Milites facto eius videatur inserta This Oth was it seems somwhat proportionat with that Militiae sacramentum taken solemnly by the Roman Armies without which and at euery new going a Warfare a renewing of it none might iure h Cicero de Offic 1. de Pompilio Catonis filio videsis Veget. lib. 2. cap. 5. Seruium ad
the warrs or at Court It was long in great honor mongst them but consequentium Regum ignauia saith Mariana rerúmque humanarum inconstantia in desuetudinem abijt vt ne vestigium quidem extet The Order of S. Andrew in Scotland hath a supposed Of S. Andrew in Scotland originall very ancient Some refer it to the victorie had by Hungus King of the Picts against our Athelstan after an apparition of the Apostle and his Crosse to Hungus who with his souldiers went barefoot after the battell to S. Andrew's and there all vowd se suámque saith Hector posteritatem signo Crucis Diui Andreae quoties ad praelium fuerit proficiscendum vt tam insignis victoria parta diuinitùs gratâ recordatione semper haberetur pro insigni deinceps vsuros Mansit Pictis post eos deletos Scotis exinde hoc institutum perpetuum The Collar of it expresses Thistles with S. Andrew pendant to it Certaintie enough of its beginning as an order of Knighthood I haue not yet learned That Apostle hath been their Saint euer since Regulus Albatus a Monk about CCC LXXVIII of Christ brought his reliques thither out of Constantinople whence they were translated from Patrae now called Patra where he suffred Martyrdom Andrew was born also 〈◊〉 a Collar or Garland of Rue as Francis Mennens specially remembers The word applied to the Thistles Nullus me impune lacessit The Armes of Danmark in Henninges and elswhere are inscribd in a Collar made of Elephants chargd Of the Elephant in Danmark with Castles thereto hanging our Ladie in a radiant Circle and to that a litle round with three nails This is the Collar of their Order of the Elephant begun verie lately by one of their Kings By whom certainly I know not Some say by Frederique father to the present Christiern IV. In some of his monies the Elephant is a note Royall Mennen describes also the Collar of the Order of Of the sword in Suethland the sword in Suethland made in form of foure swords tied one at the end of another and so lets it about Armes proper to the Order He tells no time of it nor I know none Another there he remembers and puts the Collar about the Kings armes of Seraphins and Cherubins Of the Seraphins there and Patriarchall crosses In what State to place that the Burgundian Crosse giuen by Charles V. to diuers that had well performd Crucis Burgundiae with him against Hariaden for Muleasses in the African warres I know not On S. Magdaleâ—s day in M. D. XXXV the tenth Planetarie houre he gaue it to bee worn hanging to a Collar On the one side of the plate because the X. houre was Mercurie's hee was picturd on the other the Burgundian like S. Andrews Crosse with a Steel to strike fire referd perhaps to the Toyson d'Or and circumscribd Barbaria But it was not any certain Order but meerly personall to them who were first honord with it Of late in Italy was erected the Order of the Bloud of the Redeemer Vincent Gonzaga Duke of Mantoua Di sangue di Saluatore in Mantoua when the marriage was twixt his sonne Francis now Duke and the Ladie Margaret daughter to Charles Emanuel Duke of Sauoy in the yeer M. DC VIII instituted it in a number of XX. with consent of Pope Paule V. Vnderstand that in S. Andrews at Mantoua according to other tales of that part are kept as a most precious a Quod habent Martyrologia de S. Longino Mart. 15. si placet vide Aimoin de gest Franc. 4. cap. 92. relique certain drops of our Sauiours bloud with part of the Sponge The Collar hath in it threds of gold laid on fire and twixt those plates as it were interwouen these words Domine probasti The LX. Psalm is aimd at To the Collar is annext two Angels supporting three drops of the bloud and circumscribd with Nihil isto triste recepto The Duke himself is chief of it and diuers other Princes were then ioind with him Neither because also Aâ—bert Mirâ—â— puts them mongst Di santo Steffano en Fiorenza his honorarie Orders will we omit here that of S. Stephan in Florence In the yeer M. D. LXI Cosmo di Medici Duke of Florence with confirmation of Pope Plus IV. instituted this of S. Stephan as vnder Stephan Pope Martyr and Patron of that State But it was vnder the rule of S. Bennet only they haue liberty to marrie They were purposd against the Turks Their Note a Red Crosse edgd with gold The Suprem or Master the great Duke of Tuscanie or Florence And so are as partly honorarie partly religious About M. CCC XXX the Order of S. Mark began in Di S. Marco Venice and was renewd in M. D. LXII and honord with priuiledges None but Gentlemen of speciall worth in note and discent were to be admitted of it The Collar hath S. Marks Image with Pax tibi Marce. Mennens is my autor It s not amisse to reckon the Peetermen of Louain or Homines de Familia S. Petri mongst these Orders Petermanni Louanienses Their Originall is from the warre twixt Hen. I. Duke of Lorraine and Count of Louaine in M. CC. XIII against Hugh Bishop of Liege and som neighbor Prines wherein the Duke was through the valour of those of Louain their Ensign being S. Peeter's Banner rescu'd from most imminent perill not without the losse of M. M. Louanians In reward whereof he honord them all with large priuiledges and called them Peetermen Homines B. Petri Louaniensis saith an old b Apud Lips Louan lib. 2. cap. 4. testimonie liberi priuilegiati esse debent sunt prae alijs hominibus And Lipsius saies he saw a Charter of the Patrices or Senat there dated M. CCC XXX III. wherein one was exempted out of common iurisdiction that pleaded se esse Hominem S. Petri ad familiam liberam Domini Ducis pertinere But now the name remains the rights of libertie extinct or as out of vse although in the oth of the heirs and successors of the Earls of Lonain their priuiledges be yet contained Here may bee thought of those Tecuytles in some parts of America which are there a kind of Knights made with solemnitie by the chief Priest and boaring them through the Nostrells with a Tygers bone and the bill of an Eagle Nor are I think any other of note and not Religious extant or worth remembrance More particulars of the habits of some of them and of their statuts you haue in Sansouino our Segar Garter his Honor Militarie Of Calatraua Alcantara S. Iames and many such like more I cannot think they are any way so fitly put amongst Titles Honorarie For what they are is for what they doe in a certain place as for a stipend and the name of their Knighthood adds not any degree to them like those Orders of the Collar or of the Spur which are
this generall Diuision in the first rank of Superillustres they place the Pope and Emperor quo in numero saith z De Sing Certam cap. 32. 33. Alciat Francorum Regem Collocandum censeo cum Imperatoris Fastigium aequet eique in regno suo obseruantiam nullam prestet Nor do I see any colour of reason why all other Kings such as we haue shewd to haue rightly the attribute of Emperor should not as well be mongst the Superillustres But the Doctors generally too much flattering their Emperor put all other Kings beside him vnder Illustres into a different degree from the Emperor But Alciat thinks it fit to adde there such Dukes as haue Royall Supremacie nec ex facto Caesaris potentiam formidant and reckons of them Dukes of Millan Austria Burgundie and Bretagne Among the Spectabiles hee puts other Dukes Itémque Marchiones Comites quos quidam Principes vocant dum tamen ab ipso Caesare Dignitatem suam acceperint Why Dukes Marquisses and Counts made by other absolut Princes should not be of that Degree I know not The Clarissimi are Counts made vnder Dukes Barons Valuasours and idque genus saith hee Pagani Reguli And hee applies this to that question of the Duell vtrum maior ab inferiore iure prouocatur affirming in his opinion that equalitie enough is mongst all of euerie of those Degrees As that the Duell should proceed vpon challenge twixt two of thr Superillustres or any two of the Illustres so of the Spectabiles but that a Spectabilis may not challenge an Illustris nor the like bee in the other Raâ—ks Ei vero saith hee qui ab vsque Abauis sit Nobilis in armis aetatem egerit satis putarem per mittendum vt cum Clarissimis congredi posset Cum enim illorum vltimus sit gradus cum Modica sit inaequalitas haec exceptio non omnino locum sibi vendicat But Paris de Puteo thinks that a Gentleman of foure descents may challenge a Duke or any beneath him vpon personall wrong which nor the like we dispute not here but refer you to those Autors Iustino Mutiopolitano and others many also differing from this quadripartit distinction Which indeed if examiud according to their Texâ—s and Stories of ancient times wherein their great Doctors were too much strangers will bee found to bee meerly their own without originall in their Iustinian vnlesse you call the abuse of his words the Originall For in the a C. tit vt Dig. Ord. seruetur tit seqq Code you haue Illustres Spectabiles Clarissimi Perfectissimi and Egregij and those times had Illustratus Spectabilitas Clarissimatus and Perfectissimatus for abstracts giuen as honorarie Titles but with such varietie that its hard to distinguish to whom euery of them was proper Neither do I see any Ciuilian b Consulas Alciat Dispunct lib. 3. cap. 4. Isidor Origin 9. cap. De Ciui able to extricat it enough cleanly But he nor the Code nor any Text of their law hath that new made word Superillustris And the old French Kings of about a thousand yeers since in their Charters c Aimoin de gest Franc. 2. cap. 20. alij take but the addition of Illustris or Illuster as they wrote it Plainly the Illustratus was d Cassiodor Var. lib. 6. form 12. highest and the Spectabilitas next And so may that of Ausonius e Eidyll 9. in Mosella be vnderstood speaking of such as Italûm populos Aquilonigenásque Britannos Praefecturarum titulo tenuere secundo The secundus Ordo in ancienter time before Constantin about whom these new Titles and others began most in vse including the Flos Iuuentutis or Ordo Equestris whence one vnder f Papinius ad Marcell Syluar 4. Domitian calls Septimius Seuerus a Roman Eques by the name of Iuuenis inter Ornatissimos secundi Ordinis Neither was that distinction of Illustres Spectabiles and the rest then known howsoeuer it s attributed to g Photius Patriarch Biblioth Cod. 244. Diodore of Sicily that he affirmes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. that the Dignitie of the Illustres was third from the Patricij Some great mistaking hath causd this error For Diodore liud before and in the beginning of the Empire How then could hee talk either of Patricij or Illustres neither of which names were as yet in their later sense vsed But the assertion whensoeuer thrust in there means it seems that the Illustres comprehended both Patricij Consules and other Senatores and Praefecti diuiding all of them into three Ranks wherof the last was third from the Patricij The words of h ff tit de Senatorib l. 12. §. 1. v. C. tit Vbi Senat. vel Clarissimi Vlpian are Senatores accipiendum est eos qui à Patricijs Consulibus vsque ad omnes Illustres Uiros descendunt which the Synopsis Basilicon expresses by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. From the Patricij to the Illustres they are all Senators as if you should say From the Patricij which are the chief of the Illustres to the inferior in that Degree inclusiuely are all Senators But if that which Zosimus hath of Constantin's first institution of the Patritiatus thereof before where we speak of Peers be true how can that attributed to Vlpian who liud vnder Alexander Seuerus bee without suspition It hath been before now i Panciroll ad Notit Orientis cap. 2. much suspected and by one that hath best collected these Degrees of Roman Dignities from whom it is fitter to instruct your self in them then here expect them THE END ADDITIONS TO the Copie Adde in pag. 25. l. 28. after 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But when this Conrad's successor Frederique Barbarossa receiud letters from Isaacus Angelus Emperor of Constantinople expostulating with him touching his passage through Greece into the Holy-land and demanding hostages for securitie with Expedit Asiatic Frederic 1. inter Antiq. lect Can sij Tom 5. part 2. Plura de Graecorum fastu in Romanorum Imperium in vidi â habes in Luit prandi Le. gat a Canis Edit apud Baronium Tom. 8. sub A. 968. transcriptâ this Title Ysachius à Deo Constitutus Imperator Sacratissimus Excellentissimus Potentissimus Sublimis Moderator Romanorum Angelus Totius Orbis Haeres Coronae Magni Constantini Dilecto Fratri Imperij sui maximo Principi Alemaniae gratiam suam fraternam plurimam dilectionem he much stormd at the Embassadors and told them that he scornd their Master's fauour and de ipso non fero aequanimitèr si tam arrogantèr me praesumat de caetero salutare and that he himself had by establisht right the nâ—me of Romanorum Imperator semper Augustus wherefore their Mâ—ster should rather haue calld himself Romaniorum then Romanorum Moderator Vpbraiding him with Romania the same which was called Thrace Some of c. There line 30. after Princes
that 's to bee vnderstood 149. 152. the apparition to him in his warres against Maxentius 160. See in Crosses and in Britons his law about marriage of his Nation 37 Constantine a name much affected in the Eastern Empire 76. The Turks call the old Emperors there Constantins 76. 77 Conuentus Parium in Fr. 250 Coronet See Crownes Corona Chorona whence 137 Counts See in Comites Palatij Counts Palatin 24â— whence the name 244. See in Palatin Cosmas sweaâ—ing by himselfe 66 Cossorassath for Cosroes Shach 110 Cornwall Duchie 178. 199 Cornwall and Deuonshire 201 Cral Cralna i. King Queene and Crol Crolna 45 Craunfeild 271 Crateuitz from Crates 78 Craig Eriry 215 Cretans alwaies liers why 12 Cro of Scotland 286 Cracouian Chastellan in Poland before the Palatin and why 249 Crimen Maiestatis 118. 121 Crosse on the Globe 159. when first vsd ibid. 160. how it was in the Emperors Diadems Standards and the like 160. 161. 162 forbiddeÌ„ to be made on the ground 162 Croissant of the Mahumedans whence 162. 163. seq Crowns the first Inuentor 136. 142 vsd anciently but to Gods 136 whence Corona 137. whether it were a royall distinction mongst the Gentiles before Christianitie 137. seq A disputation that it was not ibid. One giuen to Hippocrates of great value for helping the plague 137. Those in the Games c. ibid. 142. TriuÌ„phall Crowns 159. how they were in ancient Rome 139. 140 at Banquets 141. 142. whence the Crowns worne in the Olympians 142. Crown giuen by Alexander to Diogenes and by him to his sweet-heart 143. of leaues 145. 152. Crown Imperiall how it differs from that of other Princes 150. 151. Constantins first wearing a Crown 149. 152. Crowns of the Iewish Kings 152 the Crown of thorns 153. It was an ensigne of the German Empire See the Preface Crown Radiant of the Duke of Florence 153. First of the British or English Kings wearing a Crown 153. Crown of Scotland 153. First of the West-gothique Kings in Spain 153 See Diadem Crowns by louers set on their Mistresses dores and posts 136 Crowns for Dukes and who of them may weare them 194. 195. 196. 198. Of the Archduke 193 Bearing of Crowns on Armories 196. 206. 288 Crowns how their seuerall forme was in the Eastern Empire and how they came by coniecture to be so different mongst our dignities 197. 198. Crown of the Despot 172 Crown of Peacocks feathers 57 Crowns see Marquesse Earle and Vicount Crowning of the Rex Romanorum 170. 171 Culzum Denizi i. Mer de Bachu 106 Cut out of the wombe are sacred to Apollo 70 Cutberti Terra 248 Curis in Sabin 149 Cunegreuij 389 Cyrbasia 144 Cyprus Kingdome 29 Cynosura Princesse of the Notthern heauen 14 D DAnemark the Kingdome 29 Daniel named by Nabuchadnezar 66 Dates of Turks letters 101 Daulphin Daulphinè 172. the reason of the name 173. seq how the Daulphinè is next to Crown 173. Epitaph of Humbert Daulphin in Paris 174 Dea Syria Dij Syri 11 Defender of the faith 79 Dei gratia by what Princes vsed 116. anciently by Bishops Abbots Master of the Temple c. 116. 117 Despot what he was and how to be spoken to 122. 171. hee might weare Purple shooes 156. how he became the apparant heire 171 his Crown 172. 197 Delphinus See Daulphin Deuonshire Earle 236. those of Deuonshire in the Rereward anciently in Praefat. Degradation of Knights 337 Deputie of Ireland 57. 58 Dermut Mac Morrogh 57 Dhilkarnaijn See Alexander Diadem or Fillet 19. 20. it vsed mong the Europaeans before Alexander for a Note Royall 138 seq what kind of Diadem was Royall 143. 144. what it was 145. 147. 148. See in Crowns and in Tiar Digitus salutaris 40 Dionysius i. Bacchus deriu'd 45 Dignities when they began to be Feudall 189. 190 191. 192. 195. how they are taken after the death of the Ancestor in Spain 206. The dignities of the old Saxons 204. 225. See in Thanes 268. Of the Eastern Empire see in Despot Sebastocrator in Caesar in Panhypersebastus Great Duke in Duke Diogenes See in Crowns Districtuale 249 Doctors of the Ciuill Law to be calld Domini 55 Dominus how vsd or refusd mongst the Roman Emperors 47. seq See in Constantine A Sect that would not allow the word Lord or Dominus to any earthly Prince 49. The word vsd in salutation 47. 53. Tertullians conceit vpon the first occurrence of Dominus Deus in Genesis 50. and there the reason of the reading Dominus Deus Dominus Hiberniae 55. how the Title began 56. when altered 58. Dominus among the Chaliphs 111 Dominae to women 53. 54 Domna 52 Domnus 52 Doctor OmniuÌ„ Credentium 102 Dolphin See Daulphin Douze Paires 349 Droit de Police 266 Druides their sacrificing 10 Drichten i. Lord. 61 Ducatus Imperia a play 182 Duces Maiores Minores 207 Dukes whence their name 182. 183. seq 191. how the same anciently with Comes and how different 186. 187. 188. c. See Comes Whether a Duke anciently had XII or any certaine number of Counties vnder him 189. Inuestiture into a Dukedome ancient and late 191. 192. 195. 199. 200. 202. 207 A Duke to be made by the Archduke 193. Great Duke 193. 27. some Dukes as supreme Princes 120. 194. 195. 207. 383. 384. First Duke in France by distinct name 199. the Greatnes of the ancient Dukes there 195 196. 198. 206. First Duke in England 199. Dukes before the Normans 203. they were Earls 204. First Duke in Scotland 205. First Duke in Castile 205. supposed Reuenue Value and Releif of a Duke 232. Of Poland 240. See Magnus Dux Dukes in Genesis 208 Dux and Comes See Comes Dux Duces Limitum 183. 209. 213 Ducianum Iudicium 183 Ducales Tunicae 183 Ducall habit of the Archduke 193 Durham made a Countie Palatin 228. 247. called Cutberti Terra 248. See in Haliwerk and in Franchise Dublin See Robert of Veer Duell challenge to it in point of equalitie of dignitie 384 E EAgles born on the top of Scepters and why 155. on the Emperors shooes ibid. seq and more of them ibid. Earth and Water demanded in subiection required and a speciall disquisition about that custome 33 Earldome surrendred 231 Earles value 232. See in Comes c. before the Normans in England 203. 204. 225. Inuestiture of an Earle 222. 238. 239. his Coronet 198. 223. 239. 240. whence the name 223. by what seuerall names titled after the Normans 228. how their Territorie was a part of their name 229. 230. They had the third part of the profits of the Countie 231. 232. 233. the sword of the Countie giuen them 237. 238. It was douoted anciently if they might be summoned out of their Countie 234. Denominated from Towns 235. See Arundel Cheif Earle of England by new Creation 239. Of Poland 240 Ealdorman 204. his worth among the Saxons ibid. he
Hidata Terra non Hidata 271 Hide of Land 271 Hidage what 270 Hippobatae 333 Hlafe afford Hlafford 61. Hlafe-die for Ladie 61 Honor and Reuerence Parents to Maiestie 121 Honor and Vertue their Temple in Praefat. Honorarij Codicilli 185. 220 Holland Earldom when began 194. 195 Holds 225 Holy Iland 248 Horse from it the name of Knight in all languages but English 332. 333. See in Haire Hunggiar a Turkish Title 103. giuen to a great fat Hog by Ismael Sophi in dishonor of Baiazeth 104 Humbert Daulphin 172 Hugh le Bigod his surrendring the Earldome of Norfolk 231 I IAuan vsd sometimes for Syria 75. 76 Iariffe i. Seriph 97 Iacupbeg 105 Ic dien 272 Idolatrie its beginning 9 Iewes their honoring of the New Moon 164. See in Sunne and in Childbirth Their Oaths Contracts and Seales 328. 329 Iewish Kings Crown 153 Ilethyia for Lucina whence 165 Illustres 383. 385 Imperator the name 19. 20. seq See Emperor Imperator Dominus to the Kings of England 25. 26. 35 Imperatori Proximus a Title 172 Images of the Roman Nohilitie in Praefat. Infulae 149 Inferiors to superiors their forme of speaking 114. 115 In Hoc Vince 16â— Infantes and Infanta 179 Inuestiture of Prouinces 1â—1 See in Duke Marquesse Count c. and in Bishops Iudex Fiscalis 221. 227 Ioannes cognomento Digitorum 56 Iohn an vnluckie name to Kings 205 Ioannes Belul for Prester Iohn 15. 86 Ioannes Encoe ibid. Iohn of Sarisburie vnder Henrie 11. requested the Pope to giue Ireland to Henrie 11. 56 Iohn afterward King of England made Lord of Ireland with a Crowne of feathers sent from the Pope 57. and afterwards would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran 102 Iosuah Ben Nun remembred in old columns erected by some that fled out of Canaan into Mauritania Tingitania in his time 70 Iochabelul i. Prester Iohn 87 Ireland its Kings anciently 31. 57. See in Dominus in Henry 11. in Iohn of Sarisb in Iohn King Subiect to Edgar a good part of it 55 Ireland Dukes of Ireland 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete and his Epitaph 12. See in Baal His statue vsd to be had in Oaths 158 Iupiter Labradeus his statue 155 his statue in Constantinople 159 Iudith her story examined with coniectures on it 33. 34. not knowen to the Iewes but from Europe 33 Iulian Apostata forbidding to be called Dominus 48 Iudas of Galilee Autor of the Sect which would not allow any Prince the name of Lord. 49 Iuliers made of a Marquisate a Countie 214 Ius Aureorum disputed 324. seq K KArolouitz 78 Karm in Scythian 90 Keshish 110 Kelchyn 286 Kessar i. Caesar. 28 Keyser 70 Kentish-mens Prerogatiue anciently to be in the Uantgard in Praefat Kingdomes how begun 2. 3. seq vsque ad 17 King and Emperor their difference in the Roman Empire 20. seq See in Rex Kings in Clientela Imperatoris 28 Kings subiect to the Empire properly no Kings 29. seq King whence in seuerall languages 44 King crowned before born 145 Kings Freind 185 Kings see in Swearing in Crowns in Annointed in Scepter in Crosse in Knighting in Dukes c. Kings denominating their Nations 74. 75. 76 Kissilpassa whence 83. 106 Kissing the Emperors foot 38. kissing the forefinger or hand in adoration 38. kissing the bands 39 40 forbidden ibid. Hands Knees and Feet ibid. Popes foot 39. 40. why the hand was kissed 40. kissing at Farewels 42. Head Eies and Hands 42. kissing of Iacob by Esau. 42 A Statute against kissing the King 43. Numidian Princes why not kist 43. after Praiers and of Charitie 43. That Templars might not kisse a woman 373 Kidermister first Baronie in England by Creation by Patent 282 Knights and knighting some Course in the ancientest times like knighting 306. by giuing the deseruing arms and bauing him sit at his fathers Table 307. 308 Knighthood receiued from whom 308 Girding in knighthood 309. 310. seq by giuing a blow on the care 312. first mention of a Knighthood in England 313 Knighthood giuen by Churchmen 313. 314. Holie Ceremonies in the ancient taking of Knighthood in England and elswhere 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently 315. Kings knighted by their subiects 315. by other Kings ibid. Knighting by meaner men 316. by a Knight of his owne power 317. form of knighting now 317. a supreme Prince may knight in any Territorie 317. No Knight to be made anciently vnlesse descended of Noble Parentage 318. a Knights Fee 319. and Relief ibid. by what value one may be compelld to take the Order 319. 320 322. Knight with land and without land 320. a Knights Equipage House and Furniture exempt from execution and issues 321. 322. his Arms discendible to his heirs 322. 323. Knights seale 323. if that were a Right of Knighthood 323. Aids to knighting 330. The Father being no Knight shall not haue aid to make the sonne a Knight 331. Knighting discharges Wardship and how 332. whence the name of Knight in seuerall languages 332. Knights Bachelors 336. 337. DegradatioÌ„ of a Knight 337. striking a Knight punished with losse of the hand 339. See in Bath in Banneret in Orders Knighthood to a Mahumedan by a Christian Emperor 380 Knecht 333 Knaue how it anciently signified 341 Knape Knabe 341 Knesi i. Dukes 27 Kneeling to Princes 4â— the answere of Philip 11. of Spain in excuse being saluted with kneeling 42 Konigin 44 Kopach the Russian Emperours Cap. 152 L LAws wont to bee sung and thence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 15 Laws Ciuile when first profest in Praefat. Lauerd for Lord. 61 Ladie 61 Lars Lartes 59 Latins 75 Lazar and Lazars 78 Lamorabaquin in Froissart what 89 Laurell in Triumph 139. whence it was taken and of what tree 148 for the Caesars ibid. against Thunder ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare purple 144 Labarum and its form 161 Lazzi what 177 Lantgraue 221. 222. 246 Lancaster made a Palatinat 247 Lancaster sword 31 Lairds of Scotland 288 Letters 16. Lewes 11. See Basilius Leo X. gaue Henrie VIII the name of Defender of the faith 79. Leshari 105 Leuderique Bishop of Breme taxed of pride for vsing the name of Pastor and such like 118 Lewes XIII of France born 176 Leicester Earldom 235 Leod Bishop 225. 204 Leudes what 264 Leornung Cnechts 333 Leitou Palatins 249 Lewhelin Prince of Wales 275 Liuerie and seisin in some sort of England to the Normans 34 Lilith what 164 Limitum Duces 183. 209 Lithuania 193. 249 Liuonia 194. 240 Lindisfarn 248 Lord. See in Dominus in Iudas of Galilee in Hlafford and of the deriuation of the name 59. 60. 61 expressing a Baron 284 Louerd for Lord. 61 Loof and Loef 61 Lodouicus and Chlouis the same 71. 72. 78 London custome 265 Lords in curtesie 284 Lombards or Longobards 294 Lucanicus and Lucanica 72 Lucius first Christian King of Britain 78 Lunus and Luna 167 Lycosura first Citie according to Graecian
vanitie 16 M MArnas a God of the Gazaeans 12 Martyrs how they came to be worshipt 13 Magnus Dux Moscouiae 28. Lithuaniae 194. See Great Duke For Magnus see 382 Man the Isle its Kings 31 32 Maximilian his iest vpon his subiects 35 Martel of France 35 Marian the Scot. 36 Maranatha 49 Mauritania Tingitana peopled by such as were driuen out of Chanaan by Iosuah 70 Maqueda the Queene of Saba 86 Mar delle Zabach 90. 91 Moeotis 90 Mare Maggiore 90 Mamaluchs 94 Mahumet and his Alcoran 100. See Achmet and Abualtrazim Mah. his Alcor his flight out of Mecha See Hegira 163. See Moon Mahumedans superstition 101. 105. See Ali they allow the new and old Testament but say that Mahomets name was in it 100 Mahumet Resul Allahe 107 Magi Magia 108. Magick learned by the Persian Kings 108. but they were not Magi nor were their Kings Magi about our Sauiours birth 109. what Magus was 109. Slaughter of the Magi and a feast in remembrance of it 109. a Magus had the Persian Empire again 109 Maiestie 118 Maiestas how it was vsed 119. 120 Maiestie the daughter of Honor and Reuerence 121. where Maiestie was first vsd in England to the King 125 Magnitudo 119 Marquesse whence 209. seq 212. first Marquesse mentioned and the error of Crantzius 213. Marquisats of the Empire 212. 213. 214. his Inuestiture 214. 216. 217. his place in respect of Count. 213. 214. first in England 216. the name refusd as new in England ib. First in Spain 217. and Scotland ibid. Marchiones 212. 215. 216 Marca 210 Marc. 210 Marchisi 210 Marchera Mulieris 210 Marcshall whence 210. his fees at a Knighting 315 Marchis 211 Marchgraph 212 Markgraues 213. 221 Marchers 215 216 Margus 209 Marggrauius 213 Mabile daughter to Fitzhaimon her discourse with Henry 1. about marriage with Robert his bastard sonne 229 Marshalls Earldom surrendred 231 Marquisat of Austria 192. and of other places diuers See in Marquesse Magesetenses who 224 Martin the Saints Cap. 243 Maire du Maison not the Count du Palais 243. 389 Maioratus 244 Maioratus Senescalcia 244 Magnus homo 260 Mall what 261 Mallobergium 261 Machtosch 285 Margogh 332 Manumission the form in England anciently 327. and in Rome 325 Marsa 383 Mezentius 62 Memento te hominem esse 63 Melas for Nilus 66 Metius Pomposianus put to death for naming his bond-slaues 66 Melech Salomons sonne 86 Melic Sa or Melixa 111 Melophori 158 Messthegnes 225 Mediocres Seigneurs 253. 288 Meinouer i. mannor 264 Mithra 11 My Lord Milordi Milortes 61 Minerua Belisama 11. Zosteria 311 Mikel synods 226. 279 Missi 251 Miles and the different vse of it 334 Miles Terram habens Terram non habens 321 Miramomelinus 102 Minister Regis See in Thane Thegne Monarchie how begunne 23. See Kingdom Moscouies Duke or Emperor and to what Princes he vseth the title of Emperor and to what Duke 28 Moscouitique Kings called white Kings 83 Moscouit his Cap and ceremonie at the entertainment of an Embassador 152 Monsieur 52. 110. 171. the Title of the Brother of France and apparant successor 175 Moon fell in two peeces for a miracle to Mahumet with that tale 1â—3 Moon why set on the Turkish Meschits and in such honor with them 163. 164. 378. much honord by the Iews also and all Arabians 164. whence that superstition and how ancient and large 165 seq little Moons worne by the Romans descended from Senators on their shoes 166. how President of the Saracen Law 166 Mouing the Scepter an oth 157 Moldauia 382 Mustadeini 95 Mumilinus whence 99 Mucharam month 163 Musulmin what 103. 104. 105 Mufti 105 N NAmes to Nations from Kings 74. 75. Of Princes composd names of Gods vsually 65. 66. of Great men not to be giuen to slaues 66. 67. For Names in Greece and Rome See more in Praefat. and in page 229. 230. Of Mabile danghter to Fitzthaimon See also in Iohn Naming a Superior by an Inferior è conuerso 115 Naib and Naib Essam what 94 Nalka 164 Narrator 292 Nergal what 65 Nebo 65 Negush Chawariawi 87 Negush i. King 45 New Moon See Moon Nimrod or Nabrodes 5. Ninus not Nimrod 5. 6. Nimrod how long after the Floud 7. Nimrod built Niniuch 8. the same with Orion according to some 13 Nicholas Breakspear 55 Nicaulc 73. 74 Nitocris 74 Nisan an addition of Dignitie 111 Nigellus de Broke 321 Nilus See in Melas and in Siris Nones or faires on that day in Rome 19 Notaries to he made by whom 27 Nomophylaces their fillet 148 Nostra Gratia Nostra Pontificalis Dignitas c. 118 Nostra Peremitas Eternitas Maiestas c. 119 Normannus Princeps 177 Normandy Dukedom made 194. 195 the Inuestiture into it 198. calld Margus Normanniae â—09 and the Duke Marchio 214. the Duke commonly written as well Dux and Consul 224 Northumberland Dukes mongst the Saxons 203 Nobilitie Greater and Lesse 344 Nobilitie in other Nations generally See in the Preface O OChern 286 Ogetharius 286 Oile poured c. 129. sent from heauen to annoint the French Kings 131. a like tale of Oyle sent to our Kings 134 Olbont 383 Olboadula 383 Oliue to crown in the Olympians whence and what 142 One Deitie supposd by the Heathen 3 Oracle to Brute 36 Orpheus his last will 3 Ordo secundus 385 Orion see Nimrod he is the Prince of the South 14 Order of the Garter 362. 363. Round Table 364. of the Nuntiada 367. Of the Golden Fleece 367. Of Saint Michael 367. of the Holy Ghost 368. of the Star 368. of the Croissaat 368. of the Corn-eare 369. of the Porcupin 369. of the Thistle by the Duke of Bourbon 369 of the Band. 369. of S. Andrew in Scotland 370. of the Ele phant 370. of the Sword 370. of the Burgundian Crosse. 371. of the Bloud of our Sauiour 371. 〈◊〉 S. Stephen 371. of S. Mark 372 Osiris how painted by the Aegyptians 154. whence the name 66 Osculum pacis 43 Othes broken how punished 63. 64. by the Emperor by God per Genium Principis 64. Oth of those which were bound to the Warrs 65. by the Kings head 65. how punisht if broken ibid. Othes taken by the Mahumedans with what superstition 104. by the Scepter and in mouing it 157. 158. and whence the Scepter was sworn by Oth of the Iewes 329 Othomaniques hate to the Alians 105 Othman Ben-Ophen 109 Otho the Great his making Dignitics Feudall 19 P PAdischah 45. 87. 112 Palibothra 76 Paradogium in Praefat. Paluc 90 Papa i. Chalipha 96 Paul found fault with by Amirelmumenin of Barbarie for not continuing in the Religion wherein he was born 102. 103 Padischach Musulmin 103 Pantheion 142 Pastor custos 118 Pastoralis Baculus See Bishops Palatin of Rhin his bearing the Globe and Crosse. 158 Panhypersebastus 171 Patritiatus 188 Patricius 203. when begun for a Title 350. 351. 385