entrance_n and_o so_o of_o that_o word_n and_o of_o ru_a the_o name_n of_o this_o town_n be_v compound_v as_o many_o other_o be_v find_v in_o the_o netherlands_o of_o the_o like_a definition_n as_o dendermond_n in_o flanders_n isselmond_n in_o holland_n and_o other_o in_o latin_a it_o be_v call_v ruremunda_n five_o league_n from_o maistricht_n &_o three_o from_o venloo_n a_o town_n well_o people_v rich_a &_o well_o build_v strong_a both_o by_o nature_n and_o by_o art_n of_o fortification_n of_o rampart_v and_o bulwark_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o chief_a town_n of_o gelder_n chief_a of_o one_o of_o the_o quarter_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n be_v comprehend_v the_o town_n of_o venlo_n gelder_n stralen_n wachtendonck_n and_o erâ—kelans_n all_o wall_a and_o strong_a with_o three_o small_a bouroughe_n montfort_n vucht_v and_o nyeustadt_n one_o a_o league_n distant_a from_o another_o which_o be_v under_o the_o judge_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a town_n as_o also_o they_o of_o kessel_n middeler_n and_o creykenbeeck_n within_o sixty_o year_n this_o town_n be_v appoint_v to_o be_v the_o bishop_n sea_n for_o the_o whole_a duchy_n of_o gelder_n and_o there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n more_o priest_n and_o monk_n in_o iâ—_n then_o in_o any_o other_o town_n in_o the_o country_n they_o have_v have_v their_o share_n of_o trouble_n in_o these_o last_o war_n but_o not_o in_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n as_o many_o other_o a_o good_a league_n from_o ruremond_n be_v the_o goodly_a village_n of_o kessell_n with_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v upon_o a_o mountain_n belong_v to_o a_o private_a lord_n from_o which_o village_n there_o be_v a_o little_a angle_n of_o the_o country_n call_v landt-van-kessell_a which_o be_v of_o the_o domain_v of_o the_o duchy_n this_o place_n of_o kessell_n be_v sometime_o a_o town_n of_o great_a importance_n the_o which_o ptolomey_n call_v castelleum_n &_o make_v it_o the_o metropolitaine_n of_o the_o menapian_n this_o town_n of_o ruremond_n with_o the_o whole_a jurisdiction_n be_v at_o this_o day_n subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n venloo_n it_o be_v upon_o the_o right_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o mouse_n three_o league_n from_o ruremond_n and_o half_a a_o league_n from_o stralen_n it_o be_v a_o good_a and_o a_o strong_a town_n the_o people_n be_v martial_a and_o give_v to_o arm_n and_o have_v in_o former_a time_n resist_v a_o imperial_a army_n and_o although_o it_o have_v often_o have_v garrison_n of_o walloon_n german_n spaniard_n and_o italian_o yet_o they_o have_v always_o find_v mean_n to_o free_v themselves_o by_o some_o device_n and_o to_o set_v the_o garrison_n at_o division_n one_o against_o a_o other_o the_o citizen_n fortefy_v one_o of_o the_o party_n and_o chase_v away_o the_o other_o then_o find_v they_o strong_a enough_o for_o that_o which_o remain_v and_o which_o have_v favour_v they_o they_o expel_v they_o also_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1578._o to_o the_o signior_n of_o esstournelles_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1591._o to_o otto_n bentinck_n their_o governor_n remane_v notwithstanding_o always_o faithful_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n to_o who_o they_o know_v well_o how_o to_o excuse_v themselves_o in_o the_o year_n 1601._o prince_n maurice_n make_v a_o gallant_a enterprise_n upon_o the_o say_a town_n but_o be_v ill_o second_v the_o burgher_n have_v take_v arm_n and_o recover_v their_o port_n it_o succeed_v not_o so_o as_o he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o two_o of_o his_o captain_n in_o this_o town_n william_n duke_n of_o cleves_n have_v lose_v all_o his_o duchy_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o juilliers_n and_o cleves_n come_v in_o the_o year_n 1543._o and_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o where_o he_o be_v receive_v into_o grace_n renounce_v the_o league_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o french_a and_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o emperor_n brother_n &_o absolute_o renounce_v all_o his_o interest_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n as_o we_o have_v show_v more_o ample_o in_o another_o place_n gelder_n the_o town_n of_o gelder_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v that_o which_o have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a ducthy_a be_v within_o two_o small_a league_n of_o stralen_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v without_o the_o town_n but_o now_o it_o be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o fortification_n this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o pont_n aduocats_n and_o afterward_o earl_n of_o gelder_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o habitation_n separate_v by_o a_o water_n upon_o the_o which_o there_o be_v a_o bridge_n which_o give_v access_n from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o seat_v in_o a_o country_n somewhat_o moorish_a and_o not_o very_o accessible_a to_o plant_v the_o canon_n this_o town_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o last_o trouble_n be_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o unite_a estate_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n lieutenant_n to_o the_o queen_n of_o england_n protectress_n of_o the_o union_n have_v place_v colonel_n patton_n a_o scottishman_n for_o governor_n there_o he_o sell_v it_o for_o thirty_o thousand_o crown_n in_o ready_a money_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n in_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n name_n retain_v to_o him-self_n the_o horse_n and_o movable_n of_o colonel_n schenck_n and_o the_o ransom_n of_o some_o of_o the_o rich_a and_o best_a citizen_n and_o so_o this_o town_n return_v under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n as_o it_o be_v yet_o at_o this_o day_n stralen_n this_o town_n be_v but_o a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o wachtendonck_n a_o small_a town_n but_o sufficient_o fortify_v for_o the_o importance_n thereof_o be_v too_o near_o to_o venlo_n in_o the_o which_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n entertain_v a_o ordinary_a garrison_n under_o some_o governor_n or_o captain_n who_o they_o place_v there_o wachtendonch_n be_v also_o a_o small_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n belong_v to_o a_o private_a lord_n the_o which_o in_o the_o year_n 1588._o hold_v the_o party_n of_o the_o unite_a estate_n the_o duke_n of_o parma_n after_o that_o he_o have_v fail_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o berghen_n up_o zoom_n send_v cont_n charles_n of_o mansfeldt_n to_o besiege_v it_o where_o in_o the_o end_n he_o force_v they_o to_o yield_v in_o the_o year_n 1600._o cont_n lodowick_n of_o nassau_n surprise_v it_o for_o the_o unite_a estate_n after_o which_o the_o garrison_n of_o gelder_n stralen_n and_o other_o thereabouts_o surprise_v it_o again_o but_o not_o able_a to_o take_v the_o castle_n they_o be_v force_v to_o abandon_v it_o so_o as_o in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o marquis_n spinola_n go_v and_o besiege_v it_o who_o receive_v it_o by_o composition_n for_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n erchelens_n some_o will_v say_v that_o this_o town_n have_v take_v his_o name_n of_o hercules_n allemanicus_n it_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o fronter_z of_o the_o duchy_n of_o juilliers_n four_o league_n from_o ruremond_n it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a good_a town_n obedient_a with_o the_o like_a garrison_n unto_o the_o prince_n of_o austria_n but_o let_v we_o now_o come_v unto_o the_o town_n which_o be_v seat_v as_o well_o upon_o zuyderzee_n as_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o rhyne_n wahal_n meuze_fw-fr and_o issell_n first_o echt_n it_o be_v a_o league_n from_o the_o meuze_fw-fr and_o as_o far_o from_o montfort_n on_o the_o side_n of_o that_o goodly_a wood_n which_o they_o call_v echterwout_n montfort_n it_o be_v a_o castle_n of_o importance_n the_o which_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n a_o small_a town_n it_o lie_v a_o league_n from_o ruermond_n harderwick_n it_o be_v a_o a_o indifferent_a good_a town_n lie_v upon_o the_o zuyderzee_n yet_o the_o haven_n be_v bad_a so_o as_o the_o ship_n be_v force_v to_o lie_v in_o the_o road_n notwithstanding_o charles_n duke_n of_o gelder_n send_v five_o ship_n well_o man_v with_o soldier_n out_o of_o that_o town_n think_v to_o surprise_v the_o town_n of_o horn_n in_o westfreezeland_a whereof_o he_o fail_v in_o the_o year_n 1503._o this_o town_n be_v by_o chance_n set_v on_o fire_n the_o which_o be_v so_o violent_a as_o in_o less_o than_o three_o hour_n it_o be_v all_o consume_v to_o ash_n except_o five_o or_o six_o house_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o all_o their_o good_n and_o the_o death_n of_o many_o person_n which_o be_v surprise_v by_o the_o fire_n or_o smother_v under_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o house_n and_o wall_n the_o which_o be_v a_o fearful_a and_o pitiful_a sight_n since_o it_o have_v be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n new_o build_v and_o make_v more_o beautiful_a and_o strong_a than_o before_o there_o be_v some_o rich_a and_o civil_a people_n in_o it_o the_o magistrate_n entertain_v a_o
before_o who_o the_o father_n cast_v his_o glove_n defy_v the_o son_n but_o the_o duke_n who_o love_v this_o adolph_n labour_v to_o persuade_v the_o father_n to_o resign_v the_o duchy_n unto_o his_o son_n and_o that_o be_v now_o very_o old_a he_o shall_v retire_v to_o grave_n and_o content_v himself_o with_o that_o piece_n and_o three_o thousand_o florin_n rend_v whereupon_o adolph_n like_o a_o unnatural_a and_o barbarous_a son_n hear_v this_o proposition_n make_v by_o duke_n charles_n of_o bourgongne_n answer_v that_o he_o have_v rather_o cast_v his_o father_n headlong_o into_o a_o well_o and_o himself_o after_o then_o accept_v of_o that_o composition_n that_o it_o be_v reason_n see_v his_o father_n have_v govern_v forty_o four_o year_n that_o he_o shall_v also_o come_v in_o his_o rank_n to_o the_o principality_n and_o enjoy_v it_o as_o his_o father_n have_v do_v add_v that_o he_o be_v well_o content_a his_o father_n shall_v have_v 3000_o florin_n yearly_o for_o his_o entertainment_n but_o he_o must_v depart_v out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o siegneury_n of_o gelder_n and_o never_o enter_v more_o into_o it_o duke_n charles_n hear_v these_o speech_n and_o note_v the_o cruelty_n of_o a_o son_n towards_o his_o father_n seem_v so_o much_o incense_v thereat_o as_o adolph_n fear_v his_o fury_n flee_v in_o a_o disguise_a habit_n think_v to_o save_v himself_o in_o gelder_n but_o be_v know_v near_o unto_o namur_n he_o be_v take_v and_o put_v in_o prison_n at_o villevord_n &_o from_o thence_o carry_v to_o courtray_v where_o he_o remain_v till_o after_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n charles_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o father_n to_o be_v revenge_v of_o his_o son_n seek_v to_o disinherit_v he_o resign_v his_o duthcy_n of_o gelder_n &_o county_n of_o zutphen_n unto_o duke_n charles_n upon_o certain_a condition_n by_o which_o resignation_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v so_o much_o pretend_v unto_o the_o say_a duchy_n as_o in_o the_o end_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o last_o duke_n charles_n of_o egmont_n they_o have_v enjoy_v it_o although_o by_o right_a it_o shall_v descend_v to_o william_n duke_n of_o cleves_n who_o the_o emperor_n force_v to_o yield_v it_o unto_o he_o and_o to_o return_v to_o adolph_n he_o be_v free_v from_o his_o prison_n at_o courtray_v by_o the_o ganthois_n who_o make_v he_o their_o general_n against_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_n the_o 11._o where_o this_o ungrateful_a son_n be_v slay_v before_o tournay_n receive_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o desert_n have_v be_v so_o cruel_a to_o his_o father_n duke_n arnould_v die_a afterward_o at_o grave_n he_o institute_v upon_o caution_n the_o say_a duke_n of_o bourgongne_n to_o be_v his_o heir_n disinherit_n his_o son_n adolph_n of_o the_o succession_n as_o contumax_n ingrat_n &_o rebellious_a but_o the_o geldrois_n refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o duke_n arnold_n disposition_n &_o testament_n the_o duke_n of_o bourgongne_n go_v with_o a_o mighty_a army_n and_o by_o force_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n receive_v their_o oath_n of_o fealty_n &_o homage_n whereunto_o he_o force_v the_o town_n &_o the_o nobility_n of_o gelder_n and_o the_o better_a to_o assure_v this_o new_a estate_n he_o purchase_v from_o gerard_n duke_n of_o juilliers_n and_o his_o child_n all_o the_o interest_n they_o have_v or_o may_v hereafter_o pretend_v unto_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n this_o do_v he_o send_v charles_n and_o philip_n the_o son_n of_o adolph_n who_o he_o have_v by_o a_o princess_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n to_o be_v breed_v up_o in_o flanders_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o duke_n of_o bourgongne_n remain_v in_o quiet_a possession_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o gelder_n and_o die_v leave_v the_o succession_n to_o his_o only_a daughter_n and_o heir_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n but_o the_o geldrois_n refuse_v to_o obey_v he_o he_o raise_v a_o mighty_a army_n and_o come_v to_o boisleduc_n wherewith_o the_o estate_n of_o gelder_n be_v terrify_v they_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n in_o the_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o do_v swear_v obedience_n unto_o he_o and_o so_o maximilian_n get_v the_o quiet_a possession_n without_o any_o effusion_n of_o blood_n the_o which_o he_o enjoy_v until_o that_o charles_n the_o son_n of_o adolph_n who_o have_v be_v take_v prisoner_n with_o the_o earl_n of_o nassau_n in_o a_o encounter_n near_o unto_o bethune_n by_o the_o french_a and_o afterward_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o alliance_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n set_v at_o liberty_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o his_o kinsman_n and_o friend_n return_v into_o gelder_n with_o a_o small_a army_n where_o without_o any_o resistance_n or_o difficulty_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o people_n as_o their_o lawful_a prince_n and_o number_v for_o the_o eight_o duke_n of_o gelder_n this_o duke_n charles_n of_o egmont_n be_v in_o his_o time_n a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a prince_n make_v war_n against_o all_o his_o neighbour_n especial_o against_o albert_n duke_n of_o saxony_n feudatary_n of_o freezland_n &_o of_o groan_v governor_n of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o netherlands_o for_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n and_o the_o archduke_n philip_n his_o son_n who_o marry_v the_o lady_n joane_n of_o castille_n and_o be_v afterward_o queen_n of_o spain_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n don_n ferdinand_n of_o arragon_n and_o of_o queen_n issabelle_n of_o castille_n her_o father_n and_o mother_n whereby_o the_o realm_n of_o spain_n come_v unto_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o have_v continue_v unto_o this_o day_n the_o say_a duke_n have_v also_o great_a war_n against_o the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o son_n and_o successor_n to_o the_o say_a archduke_n philip_n so_o as_o in_o the_o end_n there_o be_v a_o peace_n make_v betwixt_o they_o at_o gorcum_n in_o the_o year_n 1528._o and_o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1536._o there_o be_v a_o other_o general_a peace_n make_v in_o the_o town_n of_o grave_n the_o condition_n whereof_o be_v in_o substance_n that_o duke_n charles_n of_o egmont_n shall_v hold_v the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n and_o the_o county_n of_o zutphen_n in_o fee_n of_o the_o emperor_n or_o duke_n of_o brabant_n and_o earl_n of_o holland_n for_o he_o and_o his_o lawful_a heir_n but_o if_o he_o die_v without_o issue_n his_o estate_n and_o seigneury_n shall_v accrue_v unto_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o heir_n this_o duke_n die_v without_o child_n in_o the_o year_n 1538._o and_o so_o according_a to_o the_o say_a accord_n and_o transaction_n and_o the_o right_n which_o his_o great_a grandfather_n the_o duke_n of_o burgongne_n have_v get_v these_o country_n shall_v descend_v unto_o the_o say_a emperor_n but_o john_n duke_n of_o juilliers_n pretend_v a_o interest_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o ancient_a right_n renounce_v and_o sell_v as_o we_o have_v say_v by_o his_o ancestor_n be_v not_o receive_v by_o the_o estate_n so_o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n charles_n of_o egmont_n the_o clevois_n have_v labour_v to_o draw_v some_o by_o love_n and_o other_o by_o force_n under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o king_n and_o to_o make_v they_o his_o vassal_n whereupon_a they_o take_v arm_n against_o he_o and_o worship_v the_o sun_n rise_v more_o than_o the_o sun_n set_v neglect_v the_o old_a duke_n they_o do_v choose_v and_o receive_v his_o son_n william_n who_o be_v make_v sure_a to_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o albret_n and_o heir_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o navarre_n which_o election_n be_v confirm_v and_o better_o establish_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1539._o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n john_n at_o which_o time_n neither_o the_o emperor_n title_n nor_o authority_n can_v prevail_v any_o thing_n to_o make_v he_o to_o be_v acknowledge_v lord_n of_o this_o province_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o the_o emperor_n be_v in_o spain_n his_o country_n be_v sudden_o invade_v by_o the_o french_a king_n and_o this_o duke_n william_n whereupon_a the_o emperor_n be_v return_v from_o his_o last_o unfortunate_a voyage_n of_o africa_n he_o go_v into_o the_o netherlands_o with_o a_o mighty_a army_n and_o sudden_o subdue_v in_o a_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o town_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o cleves_n and_o juilliers_n and_o among_o other_o those_o of_o duren_n &_o sittant_a wherewith_o duke_n william_n be_v amaze_v and_o fear_v this_o mighty_a enemy_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n his_o ally_n he_o go_v and_o humble_v himself_o unto_o the_o emperor_n in_o the_o town_n of_o venlo_n to_o who_o he_o be_v reconcile_v yield_v absolute_o unto_o he_o the_o say_a duchy_n of_o gelder_n and_o earldom_n of_o zutphen_n renounce_v also_o the_o league_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o french_a king_n and_o
midst_n of_o the_o river_n of_o issel_n and_o the_o body_n of_o his_o army_n lie_v entrench_v without_o the_o town_n towards_o the_o field_n whereas_o the_o admiral_n think_v to_o make_v his_o approach_n to_o besiege_v it_o but_o find_v such_o let_v he_o dare_v not_o affront_v the_o prince_n who_o attend_v he_o long_o in_o battle_n but_o retire_v and_o go_v to_o winter_n upon_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o empire_n where_o he_o carry_v himself_o as_o you_o have_v hear_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o netherlands_o doetecum_fw-la this_o town_n stand_v in_o ihe_a champion_n country_n a_o league_n from_o doesbourg_n upon_o the_o old_a issel_n it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a good_a town_n with_o a_o double_a wall_n yet_o none_o of_o the_o strong_a the_o admiral_n of_o arragon_n have_v past_o the_o rind_n to_o besiege_v doesbourg_n he_o go_v first_o before_o it_o and_o take_v it_o by_o composition_n within_o three_o day_n but_o the_o admiral_n be_v retire_v prince_n maurice_n go_v and_o besiege_v it_o again_o the_o which_o be_v as_o easy_o yield_v to_o he_o as_o to_o the_o spaniard_n remain_v at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o unite_a estate_n as_o it_o have_v be_v above_o thirty_o year_n before_o except_o those_o few_o day_n the_o admiral_n man_n hold_v it_o bronckhorst_n it_o be_v within_o a_o league_n of_o zutphen_n seat_v upon_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n of_o issel_n erect_v to_o a_o contie_n have_v a_o particular_a earl_n the_o family_n of_o bronchoorst_a be_v ancient_a from_o the_o which_o be_v issue_v the_o house_n of_o battenbourg_n anholt_n megen_n and_o other_o the_o town_n have_v be_v much_o ruin_v during_o these_o war_n but_o the_o castle_n which_o be_v of_o a_o reasonable_a strength_n stand_v still_o where_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a garrison_n for_o one_o party_n or_o other_o lochem_n be_v a_o good_a little_a town_n two_o league_n from_o zutphen_n well_o fortify_v for_o the_o importance_n thereof_o be_v very_o necessary_a during_o the_o trouble_n for_o hold_v the_o state_n party_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o eighty_o two_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n send_v charles_n earl_n of_o mansfeldt_n to_o besiege_v it_o in_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n name_n but_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n know_v that_o three_o of_o his_o nephew_n herman_n frederic_n and_o adolph_n vanden_fw-mi berghe_n son_n of_o his_o sister_n and_o of_o cont_n van_n sheeren_n berghen_n be_v within_o it_o he_o send_v the_o earl_n of_o hohenloe_n with_o a_o army_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n as_o he_o do_v and_o free_v they_o force_v mansfeldt_n to_o retire_v with_o loss_n since_o which_o time_n the_o say_a town_n have_v continue_v constant_a under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o estate_n until_o that_o in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o marquis_n spinola_n lieutenant_n to_o the_o archduke_n albert_n of_o austria_n besiege_v it_o and_o take_v it_o by_o composition_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o be_v recover_v by_o prince_n maurice_n and_o continue_v as_o before_o groll_n in_o old_a time_n be_v a_o good_a borough_n but_o by_o these_o last_o war_n within_o these_o thirty_o year_n it_o have_v be_v wall_v in_o with_o rampart_v and_o bulwark_n have_v broad_a and_o deep_a ditch_n fortify_v with_o casemat_n and_o counterscarp_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o spaniard_n prince_n maurice_n go_v and_o besiege_v it_o for_o the_o unite_a estate_n whereof_o peter_n earl_n of_o mansfeldt_n lieutenant_n for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n by_o provision_n be_v advertise_v he_o send_v colonel_n mondragon_n captain_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o antwerp_n with_o a_o small_a army_n to_o raise_v his_o siege_n or_o at_o the_o least_o to_o cut_v of_o his_o victual_n the_o estate_n be_v ill_o inform_v of_o the_o strength_n of_o this_o spanish_a army_n which_o be_v make_v great_a unto_o they_o than_o it_o be_v they_o command_v prince_n maurice_n to_o retire_v as_o he_o do_v but_o hear_v what_o mondragons_n force_n be_v who_o retire_v towards_o the_o rind_n to_o pass_v at_o berck_n he_o pursue_v he_o beyond_o the_o town_n of_o wezell_n in_o which_o pursuit_n cont_n philip_n and_o ernest_n of_o nassau_n brethren_n cousin_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o cont_n ernest_n of_o solms_n be_v too_o far_o advance_v contrary_a to_o the_o prince_n order_n after_o they_o have_v defeat_v two_o cornet_n of_o spaniard_n be_v themselves_o in_o the_o end_n put_v to_o rout_n and_o the_o two_o earl_n philip_n of_o nassau_n and_o ernest_n of_o solms_n slay_v and_o cont_n ernest_n of_o nassau_n be_v take_v prisoner_n whereupon_a the_o prince_n leave_v his_o pursuit_n bring_v back_o his_o army_n and_o mondragon_n repass_v the_o rhine_n return_v with_o he_o into_o brabant_n but_o two_o year_n after_o in_o the_o year_n 1597._o the_o prince_n go_v again_o to_o besiege_v it_o in_o the_o which_o cont_n frederic_n vanden_fw-mi berghe_n command_v with_o 1200._o man_n who_o find_v himself_o very_o hardly_o press_v he_o yield_v it_o by_o composition_n since_o in_o the_o year_n 1605._o the_o marquis_n spinola_n recover_v it_o although_o it_o be_v hold_v very_o strong_a be_v yield_v upon_o a_o honourable_a composition_n it_o be_v two_o league_n from_o breefort_n sheeren_n berghe_n a_o town_n and_o castle_n erect_v to_o a_o earldom_n whereof_o the_o last_o earl_n be_v call_v william_n who_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o make_v earl_n he_o have_v to_o wife_n the_o prince_n of_o orange_n sister_n by_o who_o he_o have_v many_o son_n the_o elder_a call_v herman_n be_v now_o earl_n he_o with_o two_o of_o his_o brother_n be_v besiege_v in_o lochem_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o prince_n their_o uncle_n but_o soon_o after_o abandon_v he_o ungrateful_o they_o follow_v the_o spaniard_n party_n yet_o the_o estate_n seize_v upon_o the_o town_n in_o the_o which_o they_o have_v their_o garrison_n until_o that_o the_o prince_n pass_v that_o way_n in_o the_o year_n 1597._o the_o contesse_n their_o mother_n obtain_v of_o he_o that_o the_o town_n shall_v remain_v neuter_n and_o that_o she_o and_o her_o daughter_n live_v in_o the_o castle_n shall_v be_v free_v from_o garrison_n the_o like_a she_o obtain_v from_o the_o archduke_n albert_n it_o be_v a_o little_a town_n of_o small_a importance_n a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o dotecom_v bredefort_n be_v but_o a_o small_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n situate_v in_o a_o moor_n to_o the_o which_o there_o be_v but_o one_o passage_n to_o come_v unto_o it_o upon_o a_o causey_n so_o as_o it_o be_v of_o hard_a access_n yet_o in_o the_o year_n 1597._o prince_n maurice_n surmount_v all_o difficulty_n do_v besiege_v and_o batter_v it_o and_o have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v summon_v the_o burgher_n have_v a_o disposition_n to_o yield_v yea_o the_o woman_n and_o child_n fall_v on_o their_o knee_n upon_o the_o rampar_n and_o cry_v for_o mercy_n the_o captain_n who_o command_v they_o be_v resolve_v for_o to_o hold_v it_o the_o prince_n cause_v a_o assault_n to_o be_v give_v and_o take_v it_o by_o force_n command_v the_o soldier_n to_o spare_v the_o inhabitant_n the_o captain_n like_o a_o coward_n flee_v with_o his_o soldier_n into_o the_o castle_n and_o hide_v himself_o the_o prince_n cause_v certain_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o batter_v the_o port_n which_o the_o soldier_n see_v they_o yield_v upon_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v all_o take_v to_o ransom_n this_o brave_a captain_n be_v find_v hide_v in_o a_o seller_n yet_o he_o be_v no_o worse_o entreat_v than_o the_o rest_n only_o he_o endure_v many_o affront_n for_o his_o cowardly_a bravery_n this_o town_n lie_v two_o league_n from_o anholt_n since_o it_o have_v be_v well_o fortify_v by_o the_o unite_a estate_n keppel_n be_v a_o little_a town_n of_o small_a importance_n as_o all_o other_o land-towne_n be_v it_o stand_v upon_o the_o old_a stream_n of_o issel_n half_o a_o league_n from_o doesbourg_n burg_n be_v not_o much_o better_a than_o keppel_n seat_v upon_o the_o same_o torrent_n a_o league_n from_o doesbourg_n here_o you_o may_v see_v ten_o town_n as_o well_o great_a as_o small_a strong_a as_o weak_a in_o the_o contie_n of_o zutphen_n beside_o boroughe_n village_n and_o castle_n whereof_o there_o be_v good_a store_n which_o make_v this_o province_n to_o have_v a_o large_a jurisdiction_n it_o have_v endure_v much_o in_o these_o last_o war_n but_o now_o they_o begin_v to_o take_v breath_n whereof_o they_o have_v great_a need_n as_o well_o as_o diverse_a other_o but_o we_o will_v content_v ourselves_o with_o this_o description_n the_o province_n and_o seigneiurie_n of_o vtrecht_n this_o estate_n and_o seignieurie_n in_o old_a time_n belong_v unto_o a_o prince_n and_o particular_a prelate_n who_o they_o call_v the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v first_o give_v by_o the_o mere_a liberality_n of_o the_o king_n
own_o private_a name_n as_o well_o for_o himself_o as_o for_o his_o successor_n lawful_o descend_v from_o he_o the_o which_o he_o do_v easy_o obtain_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o city_n town_n territorie_n and_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o seigneiury_n of_o vtrecht_n which_o have_v be_v govern_v by_o their_o proper_a prince_n and_o bishop_n above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n come_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o after_o he_o to_o his_o son_n philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n duke_n of_o brabant_n earl_n of_o holland_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o estate_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v two_o diocese_n the_o emperor_n make_v two_o estate_n reduce_v they_o into_o two_o province_n which_o make_v the_o number_n of_o seventeen_o in_o the_o netherlands_o that_o be_v into_o the_o province_n of_o vtrecht_n &_o that_o of_o oueryssel_n that_o of_o vtrecht_n make_v the_o four_o in_o rank_n of_o the_o confederate_a belgic_a province_n under_o the_o general_a estate_n and_o that_o of_o oueryssel_n the_o five_o have_v their_o voice_n and_o suffrage_n in_o that_o order_n in_o their_o cession_n the_o estate_n of_o which_o province_n of_o vtrecht_n consist_v at_o this_o day_n as_o in_o former_a time_n of_o three_o member_n the_o clergy_n of_o five_o college_n that_o have_v chanoin_n the_o nobility_n and_o the_o town_n of_o which_o college_n the_o deputy_n be_v indifferent_o choose_v to_o assist_v daily_o in_o their_o assembly_n with_o they_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o town_n who_o have_v their_o secretary_n and_o other_o officer_n this_o seigneury_n of_o vtrecht_n have_v as_o we_o have_v say_v a_o provincial_a council_n from_o which_o at_o this_o present_a there_o be_v no_o appellation_n as_o have_v be_v heretofore_o to_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n at_o spier_n at_o such_o time_n as_o it_o be_v mere_o a_o member_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o since_o that_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o 5._o do_v unite_v it_o to_o his_o domain_n exclude_v the_o say_v imperial_a chamber_n he_o make_v it_o subject_a to_o the_o great_a council_n at_o macklyn_n until_o that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_a country_n and_o of_o oueryssel_n have_v within_o these_o thirty_o year_n recover_v their_o liberty_n it_o have_v be_v discontinue_v notwithstanding_o in_o case_n of_o remission_n they_o may_v have_v their_o recourse_n unto_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o province_n where_o as_o the_o revision_n be_v make_v by_o the_o same_o act_n in_o which_o provincial_a council_n there_o be_v a_o precedent_n six_o councillor_n a_o attorney_n general_a and_o a_o register_n the_o chamber_n of_o account_n be_v keep_v by_o the_o college_n of_o the_o estate_n whereas_o the_o tresorer_n as_o well_o general_a as_o particular_a be_v bind_v to_o come_v and_o yield_v up_o their_o account_v the_o say_a seigneury_n have_v also_o a_o particular_a mint_n as_o it_o have_v always_o have_v the_o which_o be_v also_o subject_a to_o the_o general_a of_o the_o mynte_n for_o the_o unite_a estate_n the_o government_n and_o religion_n be_v general_o maintain_v as_o in_o other_o province_n their_o confederate_n there_o be_v four_o marshal_n for_o the_o whole_a seigneury_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v charge_n in_o the_o quarter_n that_o be_v assign_v they_o where_o they_o be_v to_o command_v their_o archer_n to_o apprehend_v all_o vagabond_n and_o other_o offender_n which_o they_o shall_v meet_v in_o the_o country_n the_o decease_a prince_n of_o orange_n of_o famous_a memory_n be_v governor_n of_o this_o province_n as_o of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n place_v there_o by_o king_n philip_n before_o his_o last_o return_n towards_o spain_n after_o the_o violent_a death_n of_o the_o say_a prince_n the_o unite_a estate_n do_v subrogat_v prince_n maurice_n of_o nassau_n his_o son_n marquis_n of_o la_fw-fr vere_n and_o flissingue_n make_v he_o more_o over_o their_o captain_n general_n and_o admiral_n of_o all_o the_o unite_a province_n as_o he_o be_v at_o this_o present_a friesland_n no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o this_o frison_n nation_n be_v very_o ancient_a as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o ancient_a greek_a and_o latin_a writer_n as_o strabo_n ptolomey_n pliny_n tacitus_n and_o other_o for_o it_o retain_v at_o this_o day_n the_o same_o seat_n and_o the_o same_o name_n which_o they_o give_v they_o and_o have_v before_o they_o seeing_n that_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o other_o nation_n of_o germany_n have_v either_o quit_v their_o old_a abode_n or_o else_o have_v receive_v new_a name_n the_o which_o need_v no_o far_o fetch_v proof_n see_v their_o near_a neighbour_n do_v verify_v it_o for_o the_o name_n of_o holland_n vtrecht_n ouerissel_n westphalia_n and_o other_o be_v never_o know_v by_o any_o of_o the_o above_o name_v author_n neither_o be_v the_o name_n of_o geldre_n ever_o in_o use_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o and_o of_o cleves_n juilliers_n mont_n &_o berghe_n be_v then_o call_v sicambres_n but_o eight_o hundred_o seventy_o eight_o year_n after_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n that_o which_o they_o now_o call_v the_o country_n of_o saxony_n be_v not_o the_o abode_n of_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n whereof_o ptolomey_n make_v mention_v so_o as_o it_o be_v hard_o for_o modern_a writer_n to_o judge_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o alteration_n of_o name_n if_o those_o which_o be_v at_o this_o present_a neighbour_n unto_o friesland_n be_v the_o same_o nation_n which_o in_o ancient_a time_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v or_o whether_o they_o be_v now_o more_o remote_a but_o as_o for_o the_o frison_n there_o be_v no_o dispute_n nor_o doubt_n whereof_o to_o give_v more_o firm_a and_o solid_a reason_n both_o of_o the_o name_n and_o of_o the_o antiquity_n the_o reader_n shall_v understand_v that_o the_o succession_n of_o their_o prince_n the_o family_n the_o foundation_n of_o town_n castle_n and_o village_n may_v in_o their_o regard_n be_v draw_v if_o not_o far_o yet_o with_o more_o certainty_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n of_o germany_n the_o dane_n although_o they_o be_v very_o ancient_a and_o equal_a touch_v their_o beginning_n with_o the_o frison_n can_v make_v a_o true_a extraction_n nor_o give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o time_n but_o since_o their_o king_n frotho_n the_o three_o during_o who_o reign_n our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n be_v bear_v the_o franconian_o likewise_o although_o they_o be_v very_o old_a whatsoever_o they_o pretend_v that_o their_o freedom_n be_v purchase_v in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n yet_o be_v they_o in_o doubt_n of_o their_o first_o beginning_n issue_n and_o denomination_n so_o as_o they_o can_v decipher_v their_o true_a and_o contain_v chronologie_n but_o since_o charlemaignes_n time_n but_o the_o frison_n have_v to_o this_o day_n always_o keep_v one_o name_n and_o one_o dwelling_n may_v direct_o and_o by_o a_o plain_a computation_n of_o time_n report_v their_o gest_n from_o the_o begin_n unto_o the_o end_n so_o have_v take_v beginning_n 313._o year_n before_o christ_n and_o since_o that_o time_n four_o time_n make_v proof_n of_o the_o change_n and_o estate_n of_o their_o common_a weal_n they_o may_v by_o a_o clear_a computation_n of_o year_n show_v how_o long_o they_o be_v under_o prince_n then_o under_o duke_n after_o under_o king_n unto_o charlemaigne_n and_o since_o under_o podestate_n until_o their_o anarchia_fw-la how_o long_o also_o under_o the_o faction_n unto_o the_o resignation_n which_o george_n duke_n of_o saxony_n make_v unto_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o how_o long_o under_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n until_o their_o emancepation_n and_o liberty_n which_o they_o enjoy_v at_o this_o present_a prove_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o prince_n the_o foundation_n and_o build_n of_o the_o town_n of_o staveren_n which_o then_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o realm_n of_o friesland_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o antiquity_n this_o town_n have_v have_v a_o prerogative_n from_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n that_o in_o pass_v the_o straight_a of_o the_o sonde_n their_o ship_n have_v privilege_n to_o go_v first_o before_o all_o other_o either_o go_v or_o come_v out_o which_o must_v attend_v their_o turn_n but_o not_o those_o of_o staveren_n which_o must_v be_v present_o dispatch_v by_o the_o impost_n gatherer_n to_o describe_v the_o question_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a author_n to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n from_o what_o place_n friso_n and_o his_o two_o brother_n bruno_n and_o saxo_n be_v first_o descend_v be_v in_o my_o opinion_n a_o tedious_a and_o endless_a labour_n see_v they_o can_v determine_v nothing_o that_o be_v certain_a no_o more_o then_o of_o the_o ancestor_n of_o these_o three_o prince_n which_o some_o maintain_v to_o be_v descend_v from_o ragau_n son_n to_o sem_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o no_o but_o it_o appear_v plain_o that_o they_o be_v of_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o macedonian_a
the_o year_n 1543._o when_o as_o he_o conquer_v it_o from_o william_n duke_n of_o cleves_n who_o maintain_v himself_o to_o be_v true_a and_o lawful_a heir_n to_o charles_n of_o egmont_n last_o duke_n of_o gelder_n which_o council_n do_v serve_v as_o well_o for_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n as_o the_o county_n of_o zutphen_n joint_o consist_v of_o a_o chancellor_n and_o ten_o councillor_n that_o be_v four_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o four_o quarter_n above_o mention_v and_o six_o lawyer_n or_o other_o the_o which_o administer_v justice_n with_o great_a authority_n have_v a_o attorney_n general_a a_o register_n and_o other_o officer_n from_o who_o sentence_n there_o be_v no_o appeal_n in_o which_o town_n the_o chamber_n of_o account_n be_v also_o place_v by_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n and_o duke_n of_o geldres_n succeed_v the_o emperor_n charles_n his_o father_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o whereas_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o geldres_n and_o zutphen_n as_o well_o of_o justice_n as_o of_o the_o treasure_n must_v yield_v a_o account_n of_o their_o charge_n and_o office_n this_o town_n within_o these_o thirty_o year_n be_v wonderful_o change_v as_o well_o in_o fortification_n and_o boulwark_n as_o otherwise_o it_o have_v be_v often_o threaten_v and_o attempt_v to_o be_v surprise_v by_o the_o spanish_a faction_n but_o it_o be_v fruitless_a the_o which_o may_v seem_v strange_a consider_v the_o easy_a access_n they_o have_v when_o as_o they_o hold_v the_o town_n of_o deventer_n and_o zutphen_n nymegen_n it_o be_v a_o free_a town_n and_o a_o fee_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o ancient_a foundation_n of_o the_o which_o we_o read_v that_o magus_n king_n of_o gaul_n the_o son_n of_o dis_n have_v be_v the_o first_o founder_n who_o call_v it_o maga_n by_o his_o own_o name_n and_o that_o afterward_o batto_n king_n of_o the_o catthe_n as_o we_o will_v show_v more_o ample_o in_o the_o description_n of_o holland_n come_v into_o that_o quarter_n please_v himself_o in_o the_o situation_n and_o in_o the_o remarkable_a antiquity_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v repair_v and_o do_v both_o amplify_v and_o fortify_v it_o with_o new_a wall_n whereupon_o it_o be_v call_v noviomagum_fw-la the_o which_o in_o the_o country_n speech_n answer_v to_o nyenmegen_n unless_o that_o in_o favour_v the_o little_a town_n of_o megen_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o mouse_n prefer_v it_o in_o antiquity_n we_o will_v maintain_v that_o nymegen_n have_v be_v build_v since_o upon_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n by_o the_o same_o magus_n or_o his_o successor_n the_o which_o i_o leave_v doubtful_a hessel_n son_n to_o batto_n favour_v this_o town_n of_o nymeghen_fw-mi for_o that_o he_o be_v bear_v there_o and_o do_v so_o enlarge_v it_o as_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o town_n be_v call_v hessel-marckt_a unto_o this_o day_n among_o all_o the_o singularity_n and_o antiquity_n of_o this_o town_n the_o castle_n be_v yet_o stand_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o a_o little_a hill_n and_o over_o look_v the_o town_n the_o which_o some_o affirm_v be_v build_v and_o re-edefied_n by_o julius_n caesar_n to_o discover_v the_o country_n thereabouts_a and_o to_o command_v it_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o place_n in_o all_o that_o quarter_n to_o be_v find_v which_o yield_v so_o goodly_a a_o prospect_n of_o the_o country_n river_n town_n and_o village_n as_o this_o fort_n do_v the_o which_o unto_o this_o day_n they_o call_v des_n wallick_v hoff_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o gaul_n court_n the_o which_o be_v a_o probable_a argument_n that_o magus_n or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o gaul_n have_v build_v it_o they_o have_v find_v in_o this_o town_n &_o about_o it_o within_o few_o year_n memory_n of_o the_o roman_n antiquity_n as_o medal_n and_o goodly_a stone_n of_o sumptuous_a building_n and_o sepulchre_n with_o inscription_n and_o epitaph_n of_o some_o captain_n &_o famous_a man_n there_o be_v also_o many_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_n time_n along_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n where_o as_o some_o think_v they_o plant_v their_o camp_n and_o place_v their_o garrison_n so_o as_o the_o passage_n which_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o town_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v in_o the_o country_n language_n roomsche_n vort_n which_o signify_v a_o roman_a fort._n so_o as_o they_o have_v find_v great_a stone_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o chief_a port_n which_o they_o call_v hessell-port_n whereas_o these_o word_n be_v grave_v hâ—c_fw-la pes_fw-la romani_fw-la imperii_fw-la here_o be_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n hic_fw-la finis_fw-la regni_fw-la stauriae_fw-la here_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o command_n of_o staurius_n whereof_o we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o in_o the_o description_n of_o friesland_n there_o be_v also_o find_v in_o st._n stephen_n churchyard_n a_o great_a stone_n on_o the_o which_o these_o verse_n be_v grave_v anno_fw-la milleno_fw-it postquam_fw-la salus_fw-la est_fw-la data_fw-la saeclo_fw-la centeno_n iuncto_fw-la quinguageno_fw-la quoque_fw-la quinto_fw-la caesar_n in_o orbe_fw-la situs_fw-la fredericus_fw-la pacis_fw-la amicus_fw-la lapsum_fw-la confractum_fw-la vetus_fw-la in_fw-la nihil_fw-la ante_fw-la redactum_fw-la arte_fw-la nitore_fw-la pari_fw-la reparavit_fw-la opus_fw-la neomagi_n julius_n in_o primo_fw-la tamen_fw-la extitit_fw-la eius_fw-la origo_fw-la impar_fw-la pacifico_fw-la reparateri_fw-la frederico_n twelve_o hundred_o year_n want_v but_o forty_o five_o after_o salvation_n do_v appear_v to_o man_n frederick_n then_o peaceful_a emperor_n do_v revive_v the_o pristine_a fame_n of_o ruine_a nymegen_n julius_n do_v build_v it_o long_o before_o as_o then_o his_o first_o foundation_n stand_v but_o far_o unlike_a to_o the_o repair_v of_o peaceful_a frederick_n this_o be_v when_o as_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n cause_v the_o old_a ruin_n to_o be_v repair_v under_o this_o town_n be_v comprehend_v as_o make_v one_o quarter_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n the_o town_n of_o bomel_n and_o tyel_n which_o be_v wall_v in_o and_o ghendt_fw-ge which_o lie_v open_a but_o yet_o it_o enjoy_v the_o privilege_n of_o a_o town_n the_o jurisdiction_n be_v first_o that_o of_o the_o bourgrave_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o vicont_n of_o nymegen_n &_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o say_v two_o town_n and_o of_o bomelweerd_v then_o that_o of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a betuwe_n and_o afterward_o they_o that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n and_o meuse_n in_o the_o year_n 1248._o this_o town_n come_v under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o gelder_n by_o the_o mean_n which_o follow_v otto_n earl_n of_o gelder_n do_v lend_v unto_o william_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n earl_n of_o holland_n zeeland_n etc._n etc._n the_o sum_n of_o 21000._o mark_n of_o pure_a silver_n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o within_o a_o certain_a time_n limit_v he_o do_v not_o pay_v the_o say_a sum_n he_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o say_a town_n with_o the_o jurisdiction_n as_o his_o own_o proper_a inheritance_n the_o which_o the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n do_v continue_v since_o &_o do_v augment_v the_o condition_n for_o the_o earl_n advantage_n and_o withal_o the_o say_a money_n be_v not_o satisfy_v whether_o it_o be_v through_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o that_o they_o have_v not_o mean_n to_o pay_v it_o whereby_o the_o vicontie_n and_o seigneury_n of_o nymeghen_fw-mi have_v remain_v incorporate_v upon_o certain_a condition_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n retain_v the_o jurisdiction_n sovereignty_n and_o prerogative_n to_o coin_v money_n as_o a_o imperial_a town_n in_o the_o year_n 1589._o colonel_n martin_n schencke_n of_o nydeck_n make_v a_o unfortunate_a enterprise_n upon_o the_o town_n who_o retire_v unto_o his_o boat_n be_v overload_v it_o sink_v and_o he_o be_v drown_v since_o the_o unite_a estate_n have_v build_v a_o mighty_a fort_n call_v knotsenbourg_n on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o wahal_n opposite_a unto_o the_o town_n the_o which_o do_v hinder_v their_o navigation_n and_o much_o annoy_v they_o with_o their_o canon_n the_o townseman_n do_v press_v the_o duke_n of_o parma_n to_o free_v they_o from_o this_o fort_n and_o to_o besiege_v it_o but_o prince_n maurice_n come_v thither_o out_o of_o frieseland_n and_o have_v defeat_v some_o of_o the_o duke_n man_n he_o be_v force_v to_o raze_v his_o siege_n and_o to_o retire_v with_o his_o army_n into_o brabant_n he_o himself_o go_v to_o the_o spa_n the_o prince_n see_v he_o retire_v make_v haste_n to_o besiege_v the_o say_a town_n which_o he_o soon_o force_v to_o yield_v unto_o the_o unite_a estate_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o under_o who_o obedience_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v ruermond_n it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a good_a town_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o meuze_fw-fr join_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o that_o of_o ruoer_n for_o mondt_n in_o the_o dutch_a tongue_n signify_v mouth_n or_o
good_a school_n there_o it_o have_v not_o much_o taste_v of_o the_o misery_n of_o these_o last_o war_n sometime_o it_o have_v maintain_v a_o small_a garrison_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n without_o any_o great_a charge_n unto_o they_o elburgh_n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o zuyderzee_n like_v unto_o harderwick_n from_o the_o which_o it_o be_v distant_a two_o good_a league_n and_o as_o much_o from_o the_o town_n of_o campen_n in_o oueryssell_n it_o be_v a_o little_a town_n of_o small_a traffic_n but_o yet_o good_a cheap_a to_o live_v in_o and_o have_v during_o these_o war_n follow_v the_o same_o party_n that_o harderwick_n do_v hattem_n be_v in_o ancient_a time_n a_o good_a town_n though_o none_o of_o the_o great_a seat_v upon_o the_o left_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o yssell_n there_o be_v a_o goodly_a strong_a castle_n which_o have_v taste_v of_o the_o misery_n of_o these_o last_o war_n for_o the_o drossart_n or_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o country_n think_v to_o deliver_v it_o into_o the_o spaniard_n hand_n be_v discover_v they_o think_v to_o make_v it_o good_a in_o this_o castle_n whereas_o the_o estate_n besiege_v they_o and_o the_o castle_n be_v so_o batter_v and_o tear_v with_o the_o canon_n whereof_o the_o mark_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v as_o they_o be_v force_v and_o carry_v prisoner_n to_o arnham_n whereas_o they_o lose_v their_o head_n wagheninghen_n be_v a_o small_a ancient_a strong_a town_n and_o be_v the_o very_a same_o which_o cornelius_n tacitus_n call_v vada_n as_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n it_o maâ—_n proper_o be_v so_o call_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n compass_v in_o of_o all_o side_n with_o moor_n and_o bog_n which_o make_v it_o in-accessible_a on_o those_o part_n it_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n of_o rhyne_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o town_n of_o arnham_n and_o nymeghen_fw-mi and_o four_o league_n from_o culenbourg_n tyel_n this_o town_n be_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n or_o bayliwick_n which_o they_o call_v tyelerweerd_v the_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v a_o peninsula_n but_o since_o these_o last_o war_n derick-vick_a signior_n of_o soulen_n bailiff_n of_o the_o town_n and_o jurisdiction_n have_v cause_v a_o channel_n to_o be_v cut_v through_o the_o country_n to_o sail_v from_o the_o river_n of_o meuze_fw-fr into_o the_o wahal_n upon_o the_o right_a bank_n whereof_o the_o say_a town_n be_v build_v â—_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o say_v tyelweerd_v be_v now_o make_v a_o island_n for_o that_o there_o be_v no_o entrance_n into_o it_o but_o by_o water_n or_o through_o the_o town_n it_o be_v strong_a by_o nature_n and_o by_o art_n through_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o say_a amptman_n or_o bailyffe_n who_o since_o the_o last_o trouble_n have_v make_v sharp_a war_n against_o the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o that_o garrison_n in_o the_o year_n 1528._o hold_v the_o party_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o gelder_n their_o prince_n the_o burguignon_n besiege_v it_o in_o the_o emperor_n name_n but_o it_o be_v so_o well_o defend_v as_o they_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v their_o siege_n to_o the_o great_a honour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o few_o soldier_n that_o be_v within_o it_o bommel_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a strong_a place_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o all_o the_o territory_n of_o bommell-weerd_a which_o the_o rind_n and_o meuze_fw-fr do_v compass_n in_o make_v it_o a_o island_n the_o which_o they_o say_v be_v call_v by_o caesar_n insula_fw-la batavorum_fw-la if_o it_o extend_v no_o far_o the_o which_o we_o may_v say_v be_v now_o the_o high_a and_o low_a betuwe_n on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o ryne_n as_o far_o as_o tyel_n and_o beyond_o to_o haerwerden_v where_o at_o this_o present_a be_v the_o mighty_a fort_n of_o saint_n andrew_n whereof_o we_o will_v present_o make_v mention_n whereas_o the_o wahal_n and_o the_o meuze_fw-fr kiss_v as_o the_o pass_n join_v together_o at_o lovestein_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o say_v bomels-weerd_a in_o one_o body_n the_o which_o soon_o after_o from_o gorrichom_n take_v the_o name_n of_o meruve_n until_o that_o have_v past_o dordrecht_n it_o resume_v his_o name_n of_o meuze_fw-fr and_o beneath_o bryell_n run_v into_o the_o british_a sea_n in_o this_o island_n there_o be_v many_o fair_a village_n and_o castle_n among_o other_o rossem_fw-la whereas_o martin_n van_fw-mi rossem_fw-la seign_n ior_fw-fr of_o puydroyen_fw-fr be_v bear_v a_o famous_a captain_n in_o his_o time_n have_v be_v martial_a of_o the_o field_n to_o the_o duke_n charles_n of_o gelder_n and_o william_n of_o cleves_n who_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1534._o do_v terrify_v the_o town_n of_o antwerp_n and_o think_v to_o do_v the_o like_a to_o they_o of_o lovuain_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1598._o archduke_n albert_n of_o austria_n be_v go_v into_o spain_n to_o fetch_v his_o spouse_n the_o infanta_n isabella_n daughter_n to_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o and_o sister_n to_o 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one_o as_o any_o be_v in_o christendom_n to_o wit_v the_o lord_n of_o saint_n aldegond_a d._n francis_n junius_n and_o trelcatiusâ—_n professor_n in_o the_o greek_a and_o lattin_a tongue_n and_o in_o divinity_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o town_n there_o be_v a_o old_a castle_n seat_v upon_o a_o high_a mote_n in_o the_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a large_a and_o deep_a well_o all_o of_o stone_n but_o now_o dry_a there_o be_v not_o a_o house_n in_o this_o castle_n to_o dwell_v in_o but_o compass_v about_o the_o more_o and_o above_o with_o some_o tree_n and_o although_o it_o be_v of_o no_o use_n yet_o it_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o it_o janus_n douza_n a_o learned_a gentleman_n and_o poet_n of_o leyden_n have_v write_v of_o it_o in_o these_o verse_n putatur_fw-la engistus_fw-la brittanno_fw-mi orbe_fw-la redux_n posuisse_fw-la victor_n it_o be_v hold_v victorious_a hengist_n build_v i_o at_o his_o return_n from_o conquer_a brittany_n since_o call_v bourg_n of_o which_o come_v the_o name_n of_o burgrave_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v a_o earl_n of_o a_o town_n which_o we_o call_v viscount_n the_o title_n remain_v long_o in_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o wassenare_n who_o hold_v the_o viconty_n of_o leyden_n and_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o rhyn-landt_a with_o the_o dependence_n both_o of_o it_o and_o ter-goud_a until_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1251._o after_o the_o death_n of_o vicont_n james_n his_o daughter_n christienne_n be_v under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n who_o utter_o spoil_v it_o yet_o the_o possession_n thereof_o be_v deliver_v again_o by_o the_o countess_n jaqueline_n unto_o the_o say_a family_n of_o the_o wassenares_n but_o philip_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n succeed_v in_o the_o say_a county_n take_v it_o away_o again_o whereupon_a viscount_n james_n the_o son_n of_o henry_n in_o a_o full_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n contest_v against_o the_o duke_n demand_v again_o his_o ancient_a patrimony_n but_o his_o mean_n be_v too_o weak_a against_o so_o puissant_a a_o prince_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o cease_v his_o title_n and_o to_o content_v himself_o with_o what_o it_o please_v the_o duke_n to_o give_v he_o which_o be_v but_o the_o bare_a title_n of_o viscount_n there_o be_v in_o this_o town_n three_o parish_n church_n in_o saint_n pancratius_n there_o be_v a_o company_n of_o chanoin_n and_o in_o saint_n peter_n there_o be_v a_o lofe_z of_o bread_n turn_v to_o a_o stone_n safe_o keep_v in_o a_o place_n yrond_v about_o for_o a_o perpetual_a remembrance_n of_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o accident_n and_o this_o it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1316._o a_o great_a famine_n happen_v in_o the_o town_n a_o poor_a woman_n go_v to_o her_o own_o sister_n that_o
wrath_n retire_v into_o freezeland_n and_o there_o without_o his_o privity_n he_o marry_v the_o potestat_n daughter_n of_o the_o country_n by_o who_o he_o have_v two_o son_n thierry_n and_o simon_n be_v afterward_o reconcile_v to_o his_o father_n he_o have_v certain_a land_n allot_v he_o for_o his_o portion_n which_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o great_a rod_n the_o which_o in_o the_o country_n language_n be_v brederode_n fâ—om_o whence_o they_o take_v their_o name_n his_o father_n give_v he_o also_o the_o castle_n and_o territory_n of_o theylingen_n the_o which_o zyphard_n at_o his_o death_n dispose_v to_o his_o two_o son_n to_o thierry_n he_o give_v brederode_n and_o to_o simon_n teylingen_n from_o whence_o be_v issue_v the_o two_o family_n of_o brederode_n and_o teylinge_v the_o which_o end_v by_o the_o death_n of_o two_o brother_n who_o be_v slay_v with_o their_o prince_n william_n king_n of_o roman_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o frison_n as_o for_o that_o of_o brederode_n we_o 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receiver_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o egmond_n which_o office_n have_v be_v call_v aduoe_o and_o under_o this_o title_n have_v enrich_v themselves_o with_o the_o good_n of_o this_o abbaie_n by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o attain_v to_o great_a wealth_n and_o thereby_o to_o great_a allyance_n which_o have_v augment_v their_o house_n as_o well_o in_o possession_n as_o degree_n of_o honour_n so_o as_o in_o the_o end_n they_o marry_v a_o daughter_n of_o the_o famous_a house_n of_o arckel_n the_o which_o be_v heir_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o geldres_n whereas_o arnold_n of_o egmond_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o that_o house_n have_v one_o son_n call_v adolph_n who_o do_v much_o trouble_v his_o father_n yea_o he_o detain_v he_o in_o prison_n until_o that_o charles_n duke_n of_o burgongne_n set_v he_o free_a adolph_n retire_v into_o france_n marry_v a_o lady_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n who_o have_v one_o son_n name_v charles_n he_o be_v afterterwards_o slay_v be_v general_n of_o the_o 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war_n and_o trouble_v since_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o seventy_o two_o they_o have_v with_o all_o their_o mean_n both_o of_o body_n and_o good_n with_o they_o of_o flissinghe_a more_o than_o any_o other_o of_o their_o neighbour_n repulse_v the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o inquisition_n of_o spain_n in_o diverse_a exploit_n and_o erterprise_n of_o war_n both_o by_o land_n and_o sea_n and_o especial_o with_o their_o brave_a captain_n at_o sea_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1578._o they_o do_v before_o bergen_n up_o zoom_n aid_n to_o defeat_v that_o mighty_a spanish_a fleet_n in_o view_n of_o the_o great_a commander_n of_o castille_n which_o go_v to_o victual_n middelbourg_n be_v straight_o besiege_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n so_o as_o this_o victual_v fail_a they_o they_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v unto_o the_o prince_n afterwards_o their_o captain_n do_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n help_v to_o confound_v that_o fearful_a and_o invincible_a sea-armie_n as_o they_o do_v write_v it_o which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n send_v in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o eighty_o eight_o to_o invade_v england_n flisinghee_n or_o vlissinghen_n be_v the_o three_o town_n of_o the_o island_n of_o walchren_n right_a against_o flanders_n and_o a_o league_n from_o middelbourg_n it_o be_v also_o a_o marquisate_n belong_v to_o prince_n maurice_n of_o nassau_n as_o la_fw-fr vere_n not_o that_o they_o be_v two_o marquisat_n but_o one_o only_a every_o one_o apart_o carry_v diverse_a arm_n flissinghe_a be_v in_o old_a time_n but_o a_o country_n village_n and_o do_v serve_v only_o for_o a_o passage_n into_o flanders_n but_o within_o these_o hundred_o year_n adolph_n of_o bourgongne_n lord_n of_o la_fw-fr vere_n and_o flissinghe_a cause_v it_o to_o be_v wall_v in_o and_o then_o it_o begin_v to_o take_v the_o form_n of_o a_o good_a town_n so_o as_o in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o seventy_o one_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n pretend_v to_o build_v a_o castle_n on_o the_o ditch_n side_n towards_o ramekin_n which_o shall_v also_o command_v the_o haven_n after_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n governor_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n have_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n lord_n of_o lumay_n his_o lieutenant_n surprise_v the_o island_n and_o town_n of_o bryel_n when_o as_o the_o signior_n of_o wakenes_n the_o vice_n admiral_n pretend_v to_o put_v a_o spanish_a garrison_n into_o the_o town_n be_v favour_v by_o the_o magistrate_n the_o people_n discover_v it_o fall_v to_o arm_n force_v the_o arsenal_n and_o chase_v away_o the_o burguemaister_n and_o alderman_n and_o be_v master_n of_o the_o ordinance_n and_o of_o the_o town_n gate_n they_o shoot_v at_o five_o or_o six_o ship_n full_a of_o spaniard_n which_o think_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o town_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o contrary_a tide_n send_v a_o man_n swim_v to_o land_n to_o entreat_v they_o that_o they_o will_v not_o sink_v they_o promise_v they_o to_o retire_v upon_o the_o first_o â—â—oud_n as_o they_o do_v go_v towards_o berghen_n up_o zoom_n whereas_o they_o can_v not_o be_v entertain_v this_o town_n be_v thus_o free_v from_o the_o spanish_a yoke_n it_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n fortify_v and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o the_o help_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n who_o present_o send_v they_o a_o garrison_n of_o walloon_n they_o make_v sharp_a war_n with_o they_o of_o la_fw-fr vere_n against_o middelbourg_n and_o arnemuyden_n which_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o spaniard_n go_v to_o sea_n with_o their_o ship_n of_o war_n they_o bring_v in_o good_a prize_n and_o many_o good_a prisoner_n among_o other_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n cousin_n who_o notwithstanding_o any_o ransom_n that_o he_o offer_v can_v not_o redeem_v himself_o from_o the_o gallows_n so_o hateful_a the_o spaniard_n be_v unto_o the_o flessinger_n in_o the_o first_o war_n as_o all_o that_o they_o take_v they_o either_o cast_v they_o overboard_n or_o hang_v they_o 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importance_n of_o that_o place_n then_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n go_v last_o out_o of_o the_o netherlands_o to_o return_v into_o spain_n where_o he_o die_v upon_o his_o departure_n he_o do_v secret_o and_o serious_o recommend_v this_o town_n unto_o the_o king_n his_o son_n but_o as_o they_o say_v he_o that_o contemn_v the_o father_n admonition_n will_v be_v deceive_v as_o it_o prove_v in_o this_o town_n arnemvyden_n old_a arnemuyden_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o other_o place_n not_o far_o from_o that_o where_o it_o now_o stand_v be_v a_o goodly_a village_n with_o a_o good_a castle_n well_o people_v with_o rich_a burgher_n &_o merchant_n have_v a_o good_a commodious_a haven_n whereas_o many_o great_a ship_n may_v lie_v safe_o where_o at_o that_o time_n there_o be_v great_a traffic_n than_o at_o middelbourg_n itself_o this_o old_a arnemuyden_n be_v by_o inundation_n quite_o eat_v up_o by_o the_o sea_n so_o as_o there_o be_v no_o reliks_n to_o be_v see_v neither_o can_v they_o conjecture_v that_o it_o stand_v in_o any_o other_o place_n but_o betwixt_o the_o haven_n of_o middelbourg_n and_o new_a arnemuyden_n upon_o the_o plain_a which_o be_v betwixt_o s._n joes_n land_n and_o the_o right_a channel_n of_o arnemuyden_n as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a breach_n which_o happen_v to_o old_a arnemuyden_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1438_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gyles_n of_o arnemuyden_n the_o lord_n of_o that_o place_n who_o cause_v all_o the_o burgher_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o go_v with_o their_o family_n unto_o the_o dyke_n out_o of_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n whereas_o now_o the_o town_n of_o arnemuyden_n stand_v the_o which_o as_o well_o for_o the_o commodity_n of_o roads_n and_o deep_n as_o for_o the_o situation_n upon_o the_o sea_n have_v and_o do_v
bulwark_n rampart_v and_o counterscarp_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o island_n tolen_n this_o town_n show_v the_o effect_n by_o the_o name_n be_v the_o towle_z or_o custom_n of_o merchandise_n due_a unto_o the_o prince_n and_o now_o unto_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o country_n who_o choose_v the_o officer_n of_o justice_n as_o bailiff_n sheriff_n and_o other_o saint_n martin_n dyke_n be_v a_o pretty_a town_n some_o time_n belong_v to_o adolph_n of_o bourgogne_n siegnior_n of_o beuren_n the_o which_o come_v afterward_o to_o the_o house_n of_o buren_n and_o now_o belong_v to_o philip_n of_o nassau_n prince_n of_o orange_n earl_n of_o buren_n by_o his_o mother_n in_o this_o territory_n be_v the_o village_n of_o saint_n annelandt_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o good_a bourg_n belong_v also_o to_o the_o say_a prince_n join_v unto_o it_o be_v a_o little_a island_n call_v philip_n landt_n these_o be_v the_o four_o principal_a island_n with_o theâ—r_a town_n noort-bevelandt_a this_o island_n be_v drown_v as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1532._o in_o which_o inundation_n there_o perish_v the_o town_n of_o coortgeen_n and_o of_o cat_n the_o village_n of_o campen_n we_o will_v emelisse_n haemste_n and_o other_o be_v also_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n which_o cont_n philippe_n of_o hohenloo_n his_o brother_n in_o law_n within_o these_o ten_o year_n by_o a_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o they_o have_v recover_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o fortefied_a it_o round_n about_o with_o good_a bank_n so_o as_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v a_o good_a country_n both_o for_o tillage_n and_o pasture_n likely_a to_o be_v soon_o build_v again_o with_o goodly_a village_n as_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v wolfers-dyck_n so_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n wolphart_n as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o the_o dick_n of_o wolphart_n it_o be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o these_o island_n above_o mention_v in_o the_o which_o there_o be_v but_o three_o village_n wolfers_n dick_n sabbinghe_a and_o hogersdyck_n but_o there_o be_v good_a pasture_n for_o cattle_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v most_o give_v to_o fish_v there_o be_v moreover_o in_o zeeland_n some_o other_o small_a island_n which_o be_v daily_o recover_v from_o the_o sea_n rise_v first_o like_o bank_n of_o sand_n so_o as_o see_v they_o thus_o rise_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o to_o bear_v grass_n they_o send_v their_o sheep_n over_o to_o feed_v there_o whereas_o the_o shepherd_n have_v little_a lodge_n and_o for_o their_o cattle_n they_o make_v great_a barn_n or_o stable_n where_o they_o lie_v dry_a in_o foul_a weather_n and_o there_o the_o owner_n provide_v they_o have_v before_o winter_n it_o seem_v also_o that_o these_o island_n of_o zeeland_n have_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o sea_n long_o before_o charles_n martel_n duke_n of_o brabant_n father_n to_o king_n pepinne_v of_o france_n wherein_o the_o dane_n labour_v much_o who_o in_o those_o day_n have_v continual_a war_n against_o the_o french_a and_o great_a brittany_n for_o they_o do_v choose_v these_o sand-hill_n as_o a_o safe_a retreat_n for_o their_o incursion_n upon_o the_o neighbour_n country_n which_o they_o make_v their_o rendezvous_n make_v it_o the_o magasin_n of_o their_o spoil_n first_o they_o seize_v upon_o the_o isle_n of_o walchren_n the_o which_o they_o do_v fortify_v as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n before_o which_o enterprise_n they_o make_v many_o high_a mount_n of_o earth_n as_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v here_o and_o there_o which_o remain_v unprofitable_a some_o near_a unto_o town_n apply_v to_o the_o use_n of_o garden_n unto_o which_o mount_n be_v any_o extraordinary_a tide_n they_o do_v drive_v their_o cattle_n and_o retire_v thither_o themselves_o until_o the_o water_n have_v fall_v and_o then_o they_o return_v to_o their_o lodging_n these_o dane_n or_o noortman_n have_v thus_o recover_v the_o country_n begin_v to_o tille_n it_o especial_o after_o the_o descent_n of_o their_o great_a captain_n duke_n rollo_n who_o be_v head_n of_o the_o norman_a nation_n in_o france_n but_o in_o the_o end_n the_o dane_n be_v expel_v out_o of_o great_a britain_n they_o be_v chase_v also_o out_o of_o these_o island_n the_o which_o in_o succession_n of_o time_n be_v people_v and_o make_v civil_a and_o so_o after_o many_o accident_n revolution_n &_o quarrel_n in_o these_o watery_a part_n in_o the_o end_n they_o be_v by_o force_n make_v subject_a to_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n be_v give_v unto_o they_o long_o before_o &_o make_v a_o county_n by_o the_o emperor_n lewis_n the_o gentle_a as_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o bald_a his_o father_n have_v make_v holland_n a_o county_n and_o give_v it_o to_o thierry_n the_o first_o lord_n of_o these_o two_o earldom_n but_o after_o that_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o three_o of_o that_o name_n have_v give_v unto_o baldwin_n earl_n of_o flanders_n this_o island_n of_o walchren_n and_o other_o small_a neighbour_n land_n there_o fall_v great_a war_n betwixt_o the_o fleming_n and_o the_o hollander_n especial_o that_o furious_a battle_n in_o the_o year_n one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o fifty_o three_o whereas_o floris_n brother_n to_o cont_n william_n king_n of_o roman_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o cleves_n defeat_v the_o lady_n maguerit_fw-la contesse_n of_o f_o lander_n near_o unto_o walchren_n before_o the_o king_n come_v in_o which_o defeat_n as_o history_n report_v there_o be_v fifty_o thousand_o fleming_n slay_v as_o many_o drown_v and_o almost_o as_o many_o prisoner_n who_o the_o victor_n entreat_v ignominious_o strip_v they_o naked_a among_o the_o prisoner_n be_v the_o two_o commander_n john_n and_o guy_n of_o dompierre_n son_n to_o the_o contesse_n marguerite_n with_o thybault_n earl_n of_o guise_n geffrie_n earl_n of_o bar_n and_o above_o 230._o noble_a man_n knight_n and_o man_n of_o account_n king_n william_n be_v puff_v up_o with_o this_o victory_n have_v such_o prisoner_n will_v not_o give_v ear_n to_o any_o condition_n of_o peace_n but_o such_o as_o he_o propound_v to_o the_o contesse_n which_o she_o will_v not_o yield_v unto_o but_o the_o king_n be_v slay_v two_o year_n after_o in_o freezeland_n a_o peace_n be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o contesse_n and_o floris_n brother_n to_o the_o decease_a king_n uncle_n and_o gardien_fw-mi to_o his_o son_n who_o be_v earl_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n name_v florence_o the_o five_o by_o the_o which_o peace_n it_o be_v say_v that_o all_o prisoner_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n pay_v great_a ransom_n and_o that_o the_o young_a cont_n florence_o shall_v marry_v beatrix_n niece_n to_o the_o contesse_n marguerite_n daughter_n to_o cont_n guy_n her_o elder_a son_n by_o which_o accord_n and_o marriage_n the_o fleming_n do_v transport_v and_o give_v in_o marriage_n to_o the_o say_v beatrix_n all_o such_o right_n and_o pretension_n as_o they_o may_v have_v in_o the_o conty_n of_o zealand_n and_o in_o the_o conty_n of_o alost_n but_o this_o be_v but_o a_o counterfeit_a peace_n and_o of_o small_a continuance_n for_o that_o guy_n of_o dompierre_n be_v earl_n of_o flanders_n can_v not_o endure_v that_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n shall_v enjoy_v this_o island_n of_o walchren_n but_o begin_v to_o make_v war_n to_o his_o great_a dishonour_n and_o prejudice_n the_o which_o can_v never_o have_v any_o end_n until_o that_o all_o thâ—_n seigneury_n of_o henault_n holland_n zealand_n and_o friesland_n fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o burgonne_v at_o one_o instant_a in_o a_o mâ—nner_n with_o the_o duchy_n of_o brabant_n under_o the_o good_a duke_n philip._n the_o estate_n of_o the_o conty_n of_o zealand_n which_o we_o have_v describe_v consist_v of_o the_o nobility_n and_o of_o the_o town_n of_o the_o land_n of_o walchren_n schowen_n zuit-bevelandt_a tolen_n noort_n bevelandt_fw-ge new_o recover_v from_o the_o sea_n duyvelandt_n wolfersdick_n and_o philâ—ipslandt_n whereof_o prince_n maurice_n be_v governor_n &_o admiral_n general_a which_o estate_n hold_v their_o general_a assembly_n in_o the_o town_n of_o middelbourg_n whereas_o common_o the_o college_n of_o their_o deputy_n do_v reside_v who_o assemble_v every_o day_n to_o treat_v and_o determine_v of_o all_o occurrent_n touch_v the_o estate_n or_o otherwise_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o court_n of_o zealand_n in_o the_o say_a town_n the_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v the_o abbey_n of_o s._n martin_n at_o which_o college_n do_v first_o appear_v by_o his_o deputy_n the_o say_a prince_n maurice_n in_o quality_n of_o marquis_n of_o la_fw-fr veer_fw-mi the_o first_o gentleman_n of_o zealand_n speak_v for_o the_o whole_a nobility_n of_o zealand_n than_o the_o treasoror_n general_a of_o the_o country_n then_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o town_n of_o middelbourg_n zirczee_n la-vere_n flissinghe_a tergoe_v &_o tolen_n
house_n decline_v as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o holland_n amersfort_n this_o town_n be_v in_o old_a time_n build_v at_o twice_o for_o there_o be_v a_o little_a town_n all_o wall_a about_o in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o a_o other_o great_a the_o which_o at_o this_o present_a be_v very_o strong_a with_o rampart_v and_o bulwark_n flank_v one_o a_o other_o and_o large_a ditch_n it_o be_v three_o league_n from_o vtrecht_n stand_v upon_o a_o little_a river_n which_o they_o call_v do._n it_o have_v be_v often_o take_v and_o retake_v by_o the_o geldrois_fw-mi the_o last_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1543._o when_o as_o martin_n van_fw-mi rossen_n martial_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o geldres_n army_n take_v it_o by_o force_n but_o he_o sudden_o yield_v it_o again_o according_a to_o the_o accord_n make_v in_o the_o town_n of_o venlo_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_a duke_n to_o speak_v the_o truth_n it_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o a_o good_a town_n well_o people_v for_o a_o land_n town_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v courteous_a and_o of_o good_a conversation_n among_o the_o which_o there_o be_v many_o learned_a man_n and_o lover_n of_o music_n who_o in_o certain_a day_n of_o the_o week_n meet_v together_o in_o honest_a company_n to_o make_v music_n for_o the_o which_o they_o have_v certain_a garden_n and_o fair_a chamber_n of_o the_o swear_a company_n as_o pleasant_a in_o summer_n as_o can_v be_v see_v in_o any_o place_n whersoever_o and_o in_o winter_n they_o make_v choice_n of_o some_o of_o their_o house_n master_n john_n fouck_n provost_n of_o our_o lady_n church_n in_o vtrecht_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o town_n he_o be_v honour_v with_o other_o degree_n and_o ecclesiastical_a dignity_n a_o learned_a and_o virtuous_a man_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n into_o spain_n and_o there_o make_v precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o netherlands_o for_o the_o affair_n of_o flanders_n in_o this_o town_n be_v also_o bear_v that_o great_a personage_n john_n of_o oldenbarnevelt_fw-mi knight_n siegnior_n of_o tempel_n and_o groeneuclt_n first_o councillor_n and_o advocate_n for_o the_o county_n of_o holland_n and_o west-frisland_n a_o man_n of_o great_a judgement_n and_o experience_n upon_o who_o the_o affair_n of_o estate_n do_v chief_o depend_v not_o only_o for_o the_o say_a county_n but_o also_o of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n which_o remain_v not_o at_o the_o hage_n in_o holland_n rhenen_n so_o call_v for_o that_o it_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o rhine_n five_o good_a league_n from_o vtrecht_n &_o as_o much_o from_o arnhem_n in_o geldres_n whereas_o they_o do_v most_o common_o dine_v go_v or_o come_v from_o one_o of_o these_o two_o town_n unto_o the_o other_o which_o be_v a_o great_a passage_n towards_o deventer_n zutphen_n doesbourg_n and_o other_o place_n as_o well_o in_o geldres_n as_o cleves_n or_o to_o cologne_n or_o any_o place_n where_o they_o please_v in_o germany_n this_o town_n have_v towards_o vtrecht_n a_o large_a country_n the_o soil_n whereof_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v turf_n to_o burn_v but_o not_o so_o good_a and_o durable_a neither_o make_v they_o so_o good_a a_o coal_n as_o those_o of_o holland_n and_o a_o league_n from_o thence_o there_o have_v be_v within_o these_o 60._o year_n a_o village_n build_v more_o for_o the_o make_n of_o these_o turf_n then_o for_o any_o other_o reason_n there_o remain_v yet_o some_o form_n of_o a_o castle_n in_o this_o town_n the_o which_o be_v little_a and_o of_o small_a importance_n if_o this_o great_a passage_n be_v not_o which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v frequent_v it_o consist_v most_o of_o inn_n and_o tavern_n it_o have_v also_o suffer_v much_o during_o the_o war_n against_o the_o geldrois_fw-fr montfort_n this_o town_n have_v a_o particular_a lord_n at_o this_o day_n who_o writ_n himself_o vicont_n of_o montfort_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o yssel_n a_o league_n in_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o town_n of_o woorden_n oudewater_n &_o iselsteyn_n the_o place_n be_v little_a but_o strong_a found_v by_o godfrey_n of_o rhenen_n bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n to_o serve_v as_o a_o bar_n &_o fronter_v against_o holland_n who_o do_v also_o build_v against_o the_o geldrois_fw-mi the_o castle_n of_o horst_n against_o the_o traiectin_n the_o town_n of_o woerden_n and_o against_o the_o frison_n vollenhoven_v in_o the_o country_n of_o oueryssel_n the_o which_o appear_v sufficient_o by_o his_o epitaph_n godefride_n tui_fw-la rhenanam_fw-la providus_fw-la arcem_fw-la donasti_fw-la iuris_fw-la aereque_fw-la mox_fw-la proprio_fw-la quatuor_fw-la en_fw-fr patriae_fw-la largus_fw-la munimina_fw-la nostrae_fw-la horst_n woerd_n et_fw-fr monfort_n construis_fw-la et_fw-la volenhoe_n wise_a godfrey_n first_o with_o rhenen_n do_v enlarge_v our_o state_n and_o then_o at_o his_o own_o cost_n and_o charge_n he_o montfort_n venlo_n horst_n and_o woerdt_n do_v rear_v the_o four_o chief_a fort_n that_o keep_v our_o foe_n in_o fear_n lambertus_n hortensius_n a_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v compose_v many_o good_a book_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o twine_a of_o the_o estate_n of_o vtrecht_n in_o general_a the_o bishopric_n and_o estate_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v in_o former_a time_n very_o great_a and_o powerful_a the_o which_o charles_n the_o bald_a king_n of_o france_n do_v with_o the_o temporalty_n make_v a_o earldom_n whereupon_o there_o grow_v great_a and_o long_a war_n betwixt_o the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n &_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n for_o that_o the_o bishop_n seek_v to_o recover_v by_o favour_n of_o the_o emperor_n all_o their_o ancient_a demein_n grant_v unto_o they_o by_o dagobert_n and_o charles_n the_o bald_a and_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n seek_v to_o maintain_v yea_o to_o augment_v that_o which_o have_v be_v new_o give_v they_o be_v support_v by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n i_o say_v that_o this_o estate_n be_v in_o old_a time_n so_o great_a and_o their_o territory_n so_o large_a as_o aeneas_n siluius_n otherwise_o call_v pope_n pius_n the_o 2._o do_v write_v as_o the_o bishop_n or_o prince_n thereof_o may_v at_o need_n put_v 40000._o arm_a man_n of_o his_o own_o natural_a subject_n to_o field_n and_o although_o they_o have_v continual_a war_n against_o their_o neighbour_n whereof_o they_o themselves_o be_v ever_o the_o first_o motive_n as_o the_o hollander_n frison_n and_o geldrois_n yet_o they_o make_v head_n against_o they_o all_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v as_o appear_v by_o godfrey_n of_o rhenen_n but_o in_o the_o latter_a age_n charles_n of_o egmond_n duke_n of_o geldres_n a_o proud_a prince_n warlike_a and_o fierce_a make_v such_o sharp_a war_n against_o the_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n as_o he_o reduce_v they_o to_o great_a extremity_n &_o especial_o henry_n of_o bavaria_n brother_n the_o the_o cont_n palatin_n of_o rhine_n from_o who_o he_o take_v a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o siegneury_n as_o well_o of_o the_o high_a as_o the_o low_a diocese_n moreover_o the_o citizen_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v grow_v so_o proud_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o freedom_n and_o previledge_n and_o so_o insolent_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o wealth_n as_o they_o grow_v into_o faction_n among_o themselves_o cause_v many_o disorder_n in_o their_o town_n and_o attempt_v against_o their_o bishop_n they_o do_v often_o revolt_v against_o they_o &_o if_o they_o be_v not_o choose_v according_a to_o their_o humour_n they_o will_v not_o accept_v they_o but_o do_v they_o a_o thousand_o indignity_n yea_o kill_a their_o officer_n &_o take_v some_o prisoner_n before_o their_o face_n not_o without_o danger_n to_o the_o bishop_n own_o person_n who_o be_v force_v to_o escape_v their_o fury_n to_o fly_v to_o his_o castle_n of_o wyok_n or_o horst_n the_o last_o revolt_n and_o affront_v which_o they_o do_v unto_o their_o prince_n and_o bishop_n be_v unto_o the_o above_o name_n henry_n of_o bavaria_n who_o have_v enjoy_v this_o dignity_n four_o year_n be_v incense_v against_o he_o have_v be_v one_o day_n abroad_o in_o the_o country_n and_o return_v home_o at_o night_n they_o shut_v the_o gate_n against_o he_o and_o will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o town_n and_o which_o be_v worse_a soon_o after_o they_o receive_v martin_n van_fw-mi rossen_n martial_n of_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o geldres_n into_o the_o town_n with_o a_o garrison_n of_o geldrois_n who_o from_o thence_o do_v wonderful_o annoy_v the_o hollander_n and_o at_o one_o time_n make_v a_o incursion_n as_o far_o as_o the_o hage_n the_o which_o they_o spoil_v and_o retire_v safe_o with_o their_o booty_n to_o vtrecht_n bishop_n henry_n see_v himself_o thus_o brave_v by_o the_o geldrois_fw-mi and_o by_o his_o own_o subject_n resolve_v to_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o to_o transport_v unto_o he_o all_o that_o
judge_n keep_v in_o awe_n the_o jurisdiction_n maintain_v the_o pride_n of_o the_o rich_a and_o mighty_a restrain_v and_o the_o edict_n belong_v to_o the_o commonweal_n concern_v their_o authority_n publish_v for_o the_o which_o the_o magistrate_n or_o senate_n of_o the_o town_n choose_v five_o honourable_a person_n fit_a for_o those_o charge_n to_o be_v renew_v every_o year_n if_o for_o their_o sufficiency_n and_o meritte_n they_o be_v not_o continue_v two_o or_o three_o year_n these_o be_v call_v hoft-mannem_a they_o be_v seldom_o choose_v if_o they_o have_v be_v bourgue-maister_n senator_n or_o of_o the_o council_n these_o five_o hoft-mannem_a take_v knowledge_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v it_o by_o themselves_o alone_o or_o joint_o with_o the_o senate_n their_o court_n be_v call_v their_o judicial_a chamber_n their_o authority_n be_v great_a over_o all_o the_o champain_n country_n which_o by_o little_a and_o little_o do_v extend_v beyond_o the_o river_n of_o lanâ—vers_n and_o then_o into_o ostergoe_v and_o westergoe_v two_o chief_a canton_n of_o friesland_n wheerby_o there_o grow_v great_a quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o groninger_n and_o frison_n yea_o among_o the_o frison_n themselves_o divide_v into_o those_o two_o curse_a faction_n of_o the_o schyeringer_n and_o wetcooper_n to_o pacefie_v the_o which_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o 3._o send_v otto_n van_fw-mi langhen_fw-mi a_o chanoine_n of_o mentz_n and_o his_o councillor_n into_o friesland_n but_o he_o return_v without_o any_o effect_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o wilfulness_n of_o the_o schieringer_n the_o emperor_n frederick_n die_v soon_o after_o maximilian_n the_o first_o his_o son_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n who_o send_v the_o same_o otto_n van_fw-mi langhen_fw-mi again_o into_o friesland_n with_o a_o ample_a commission_n give_v they_o authority_n as_o they_o have_v before_o time_n to_o choose_v a_o potestate_fw-la which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o provincial_a governor_n and_o to_o settle_v the_o frison_n in_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n whereby_o the_o groeninger_n have_v be_v exclude_v from_o the_o confederation_n which_o they_o have_v with_o they_o of_o ostergoe_v and_o westergoe_v but_o although_o the_o frison_n be_v well_o incline_v to_o this_o election_n of_o a_o potestate_fw-la wherein_o they_o proceed_v so_o far_o as_o there_o be_v one_o choose_v of_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o nobility_n and_o well_o qualify_v yet_o one_o of_o the_o faction_n hold_v he_o for_o suspect_v either_o party_n desyre_v to_o have_v one_o of_o his_o league_n where-upon_o their_o hatred_n do_v so_o increase_v as_o otto_n prevail_v no_o more_o than_o at_o the_o first_o which_o make_v the_o emperor_n maximilian_n to_o give_v the_o government_n hereditary_a of_o friesland_n and_o groningue_n to_o duke_n albertus_n of_o saxony_n as_o we_o show_v in_o the_o description_n of_o friesland_n duke_n albertus_n have_v afterward_o break_v this_o confederation_n betwixt_o they_o of_o groening_n and_o friesland_n over_o who_o he_o hold_v himself_o half_a master_n seek_v to_o dispose_v of_o all_o thing_n at_o his_o pleasure_n as_o well_o within_o the_o town_n of_o groening_n as_o in_o the_o ommelands_n where_o he_o pretend_v a_o absolute_a superiority_n which_o they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o yield_v unto_o he_o go_v to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o groening_n the_o which_o after_o a_o long_a siege_n have_v endure_v many_o indignity_n from_o duke_n albertus_n and_o fear_v in_o the_o end_n a_o bad_a issue_n of_o this_o war_n they_o do_v call_v in_o and_o receive_v for_o their_o protector_n hereditary_a edsard_n earl_n of_o embden_n or_o rather_o of_o east-frisland_n lieutenant_n at_o that_o siege_n to_o the_o duke_n but_o discontent_v with_o colonel_n vyt_n upon_o certain_a condition_n among_o other_o to_o build_v a_o fort_n or_o blockhouse_n the_o which_o be_v do_v the_o duke_n see_v himself_o deceive_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o disappoint_v of_o so_o goodly_a a_o prey_n mean_v for_o the_o recovery_n thereof_o to_o employ_v all_o his_o mean_n hold_v the_o frison_n to_o be_v half_o vanquish_v the_o groeninger_n see_v the_o emperor_n to_o embrace_v the_o duke_n quarrel_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o proscription_n send_v out_o by_o the_o empire_n against_o cont_n edsard_n who_o can_v hardly_o free_v himself_o &_o much_o less_o protect_v they_o rather_o than_o to_o fall_v under_o the_o proud_a government_n of_o the_o saxon_n they_o call_v in_o charles_n duke_n of_o geldre_n a_o prince_n that_o be_v stir_v &_o high_a mind_a to_o undertake_v their_o protection_n &_o upon_o the_o same_o condition_n that_o they_o have_v receive_v cont_n edsard_n only_o the_o fort_n which_o he_o have_v build_v shall_v be_v raze_v the_o which_o the_o geldrois_fw-mi to_o augment_v his_o signeury_n will_v not_o neglect_v send_v the_o signior_n of_o oyen_n to_o take_v possession_n and_o thus_o the_o town_n and_o state_n of_o groan_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o geldrois_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a war_n betwixt_o the_o two_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o geldres_n the_o geldrois_n be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 1518._o and_o of_o the_o ommelande_n 1521._o as_o such_o a_o active_a spirit_n can_v contain_v himself_o within_o his_o bound_n he_o begin_v soon_o after_o to_o attempt_v as_o well_o up_o on_o the_o right_n of_o the_o town_n as_o the_o previledge_n of_o the_o ommelande_n the_o groninger_n have_v discover_v his_o practice_n with_o captain_n meinard_n van_fw-mi ham_n for_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o town_n of_o dam_n which_o be_v of_o their_o jurisdiction_n the_o which_o he_o pretend_v to_o fortify_v to_o keep_v groening_n in_o subjection_n and_o then_o to_o do_v all_o thing_n at_o his_o pleasure_n they_o seeing_z themselves_o thus_o circumvent_v and_o know_v the_o duke_n intention_n grow_v cold_a in_o their_o affection_n which_o they_o do_v first_o bear_v he_o turn_v it_o to_o the_o house_n of_o bourgongne_n where-upon_o have_v resolve_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o ommelands_n they_o do_v write_v unto_o george_n schencke_n baron_n of_o tautenburg_n knight_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o golden-fleece_n governor_n of_o friesland_n for_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o according_a to_o the_o resignation_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n have_v make_v unto_o he_o to_o which_o effect_n the_o say_a seignor_n schencke_n have_v receive_v commission_n from_o the_o lady_n mary_n queen_n of_o hungary_n sister_n to_o the_o emperor_n march_v with_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v thither_o where_o he_o enter_v in_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1536._o and_o there_o receive_v their_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n in_o the_o emperor_n name_n as_o duke_z of_o brabant_n earl_n of_o flanders_n holland_n zeeland_n etc._n etc._n lord_n of_o friesland_n and_o ouerissel_n but_o upon_o certain_a condition_n that_o the_o member_n and_o state_n of_o the_o seigneury_n of_o groan_v shall_v hold_v 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call_v any_o bourger_n or_o citizen_n of_o that_o town_n into_o justice_n nor_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v cite_v or_o adiorn_v before_o any_o court_n but_o only_o before_o the_o senate_n or_o his_o ordinary_a judge_n moreover_o that_o no_o man_n may_v appeal_v from_o any_o sentence_n that_o be_v give_v either_o in_o civil_a or_o cryminall_a cause_n neither_o from_o the_o court_n of_o hoffman_n or_o judicial_a chamber_n in_o that_o which_o concern_v their_o jurisdiction_n from_o the_o which_o no_o man_n of_o what_o quality_n so_o ever_o may_v decline_v moreover_o the_o town_n be_v lady_n and_o mistress_n of_o her_o own_o law_n and_o statute_n the_o which_o by_o a_o sovereign_a power_n they_o may_v make_v and_o undo_v create_v and_o abrogate_v without_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o person_n the_o estate_n of_o the_o ommelands_n have_v also_o the_o like_a authority_n in_o their_o regard_n the_o town_n have_v have_v a_o privilege_n to_o coin_v silver_n and_o copper_n for_o these_o four_o hundred_o year_n and_o gold_n since_o
of_o the_o groninger_n this_o be_v all_o we_o can_v say_v in_o brief_a of_o the_o town_n estate_n and_o commonweal_n of_o groan_v and_o their_o ommelands_n yet_o we_o may_v not_o forget_v that_o out_o of_o this_o town_n be_v come_v great_a and_o learned_a man_n among_o other_o rodolphus_n agricola_n of_o who_o that_o great_a erasmus_n of_o rotterdam_n give_v a_o honourable_a testimony_n for_o that_o he_o be_v expert_a in_o the_o greek_a eloquent_a in_o the_o latin_a a_o excellent_a orator_n a_o good_a poet_n a_o subtle_a philosopher_n a_o perfect_a musician_n be_v able_a to_o make_v musical_a instrument_n himself_o as_o he_o do_v the_o organ_n of_o the_o great_a church_n and_o other_o of_o who_o also_o that_o most_o learned_a hermolaus_n barbarus_fw-la do_v make_v mention_n in_o a_o epitaph_n which_o he_o compound_v upon_o his_o untimely_a death_n which_o be_v in_o the_o forty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n in_o the_o city_n of_o heidelberg_n in_o the_o year_n 1585._o where_o the_o 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star_n of_o groan_v town_n and_o place_n out_o of_o the_o eight_o province_n yet_o comprehend_v under_o their_o union_n have_v describe_v as_o particular_o as_o we_o can_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_v eight_o unite_v province_n the_o situation_n the_o commodity_n the_o traffic_n and_o the_o ornamant_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o town_n &_o the_o fort_n comprehend_v within_o they_o and_o which_o be_v of_o their_o jurisdiction_n although_o that_o the_o general_a estate_n have_v not_o all_o at_o their_o commandment_n as_o there_o be_v some_o in_o gelder_n and_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n hold_v by_o the_o archduke_n albertus_n and_o isabella_n of_o austria_n yet_o the_o unite_a estate_n have_v the_o great_a part_n and_o the_o chief_a place_n under_o their_o obedience_n we_o must_v now_o also_o describe_v the_o town_n and_o fort_n which_o they_o hold_v in_o those_o province_n which_o be_v under_o the_o say_v archduke_n especial_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o brabant_n and_o conty_n of_o flanders_n get_v by_o arm_n the_o which_o they_o keep_v first_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o brabant_n bergen_n up_o zoom_n we_o place_v this_o town_n first_o of_o all_o those_o which_o the_o unite_a estate_n hold_v in_o brabant_n for_o that_o it_o be_v make_v a_o marquisate_n although_o that_o breda_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o barony_n of_o the_o duchy_n this_o town_n have_v a_o good_a haven_n at_o the_o mouth_n whereof_o there_o be_v a_o mighty_a fort_n which_o defend_v it_o it_o be_v right_a against_o tertolen_a one_o of_o the_o land_n of_o zeeland_n before_o the_o town_n of_o antwerp_n be_v in_o credit_n and_o that_o bruges_n begin_v to_o decay_v it_o have_v the_o chief_a trade_n for_o merchandise_n there_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v goodly_a building_n the_o which_o be_v abandon_v in_o these_o last_o war_n by_o their_o proprietary_n and_o remain_v as_o it_o be_v desert_n they_o have_v serve_v to_o no_o other_o use_n but_o to_o lodge_v soldier_n and_o be_v much_o decay_v it_o have_v be_v 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year_n 1605._o the_o marquis_n spinola_n lieutenant_n to_o the_o archduke_n make_v two_o furious_a attempt_n the_o which_o in_o a_o manner_n succeed_v but_o they_o be_v repulse_v by_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o burgher_n and_o soldier_n with_o great_a loss_n although_o it_o be_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o unite_a estate_n yet_o do_v they_o retain_v still_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o previledge_n breda_n be_v a_o fair_a great_a town_n with_o a_o pleasant_a castle_n join_v unto_o it_o which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v the_o palace_n whereas_o the_o earl_n of_o nassau_n hold_v their_o court_n as_o the_o decease_a william_n of_o nassau_n prince_n of_o orange_n do_v for_o a_o time_n for_o it_o be_v but_o twelve_o league_n from_o brussells_n it_o be_v wont_a to_o have_v a_o goodly_a heronrie_n in_o the_o great_a churchyard_n but_o now_o they_o be_v disperse_v yet_o there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o remain_v still_o behind_o the_o castle_n colonel_n foucker_n with_o his_o german_n 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it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o unite_a estate_n better_a fortefied_a then_o ever_o and_o always_o man_v with_o a_o good_a garrison_n and_o furnish_v with_o all_o other_o necessary_a provision_n the_o hage_n beside_o city_n and_o wall_a town_n which_o they_o account_v to_o eight_o and_o twenty_o in_o number_n there_o be_v in_o holland_n many_o great_a bourrough_n which_o their_o prince_n have_v enrich_v with_o goodly_a privilege_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o some_o wall_a town_n both_o in_o greatness_n building_n and_o beauty_n among_o the_o which_o no_o man_n can_v deâ—ie_v but_o the_o hage_n hold_v the_o first_o place_n which_o they_o do_v common_o call_v the_o earl_n hage_n which_o place_n the_o old_a earl_n and_o prince_n do_v choose_v for_o their_o court_n and_o for_o the_o seat_n of_o their_o great_a council_n whereas_o all_o cause_n be_v end_v as_o well_o upon_o the_o first_o instance_n as_o by_o appeal_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n zeeland_n and_o 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betwixt_o both_o it_o go_v to_o the_o garden_n of_o the_o harquebusier_n and_o crosbow-man_n whereby_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o court_n on_o the_o backside_n this_o palace_n be_v the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o holland_n zeeland_n and_o westfrisland_a who_o at_o this_o day_n be_v that_o great_a captain_n prince_n maurice_n of_o nassau_n marquis_n of_o campverâ—_n fluss_v etc._n etc._n high_a admiral_n for_o the_o untied_a province_n second_o son_n to_o that_o valiant_a and_o wise_a prince_n of_o orange_n william_n earl_n of_o nassau_n it_o be_v half_a a_o hour_n passage_n to_o go_v from_o the_o south_n which_o come_v from_o delfe_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o north_n which_o go_v to_o schevel_v upon_o the_o sea-shoare_n it_o be_v not_o muchlesse_a from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n which_o be_v the_o two_o bredthes_fw-mi compass_n in_o the_o bourrogh_n go_v out_o on_o the_o east-side_n towards_o leyden_n you_o enter_v into_o a_o pleasant_a little_a 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every_o one_o have_v his_o receivor_fw-la and_o chamber_n of_o account_n apart_o true_a it_o be_v they_o have_v subject_v themselves_o to_o bring_v the_o money_n which_o rise_v of_o contribution_n and_o taxation_n thither_o and_o to_o deliver_v it_o unto_o the_o receivor_fw-la general_n and_o to_o be_v accountable_a unto_o the_o treasurer_n general_a of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o to_o the_o exchequer_n of_o the_o general_a estate_n in_o this_o palace_n be_v yet_o remain_v that_o great_a and_o royal_a library_n which_o be_v gather_v together_o by_o that_o famous_a chanoine_n john_n harrie_n above_o mention_v about_o three_o score_n and_o â—en_n year_n since_o martin_n van_fw-mi rossen_n come_v with_o his_o geldrois_n of_o the_o garrison_n of_o vtrecht_n at_o noon_n day_n to_o spoil_v this_o goodly_a bourg_n all_o the_o councillor_n and_o advocate_n fly_v away_o and_o abandon_v their_o house_n to_o these_o insolent_a soldier_n who_o carry_v away_o their_o spoil_n in_o boat_n to_o vtrecht_n without_o any_o opposition_n they_o say_v that_o if_o this_o goodly_a bourg_n have_v be_v wall_v in_o they_o have_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o calamity_n within_o these_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n they_o have_v attempt_v it_o but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o spaniard_n it_o be_v not_o hold_v fit_a for_o such_o as_o be_v opposite_a unto_o it_o say_v that_o come_v to_o be_v besiege_v it_o shall_v be_v quite_o spoil_v and_o ruin_v whereas_o find_v it_o open_a and_o the_o people_n flee_v they_o do_v but_o lodge_v there_o sometime_o as_o they_o pass_v and_o sometime_o they_o stay_v there_o while_o they_o do_v overrun_v the_o village_n of_o west-holland_n in_o this_o place_n be_v bear_v that_o learned_a prelate_n john_n jugenhage_n be_v of_o a_o noble_a family_n of_o who_o the_o abbot_n tritemius_fw-la and_o william_n vuytenhage_n make_v mention_n be_v the_o first_o comical_a poet_n of_o the_o low_a german_a of_o the_o same_o place_n be_v gerard_n signior_n of_o assendelf_n who_o be_v precedent_n of_o holland_n of_o a_o honourable_a house_n very_o learned_a in_o greek_a and_o latin_a and_o a_o excellent_a poet_n and_o his_o son_n nicholas_n of_o assendelf_n very_o learn_v also_o in_o like_a sort_n hippolytus_n of_o persin_n precedent_n of_o the_o province_n of_o vtrecht_n be_v bear_v there_o with_o splinter_n hargene_n siegnior_n of_o oosterwyck_n and_o arnold_n knebel_n who_o be_v treasurer_n for_o the_o estate_n of_o holland_n and_o his_o brother_n philip_n councillor_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n at_o bresselle_n all_o man_n of_o great_a knowledge_n half_n a_o league_n from_o the_o hage_n in_o our_o time_n be_v a_o goodly_a abbey_n of_o religious_a noblewoman_n of_o the_o order_n of_o saint_n bernard_n call_v losdune_n whereas_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o say_v abbey_n which_o have_v be_v quite_o ruin_v by_o these_o last_o furious_a war_n the_o tomb_n of_o the_o lady_n marguerite_n of_o holland_n countess_n of_o hausberge_n with_o her_o epitaph_n both_o in_o latin_a &_o dutch_a set_v there_o by_o reason_n of_o her_o strange_a &_o miraculous_a delivery_n of_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o four_o child_n at_o one_o birth_n whereof_o erasmus_fw-la roterodamus_fw-la johannes_n lodovicus_n vives_z and_o many_o other_o famous_a author_n make_v mention_n in_o their_o write_n the_o which_o i_o forbear_v to_o relate_v be_v set_v down_o at_o large_a in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o netherlands_o a_o example_n of_o the_o like_a childbirth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o brunswyck_n with_o who_o albertus_n crantzius_n historiographer_n to_o ernestus_n prince_n of_o anhaâ—t_n do_v accord_n in_o his_o commentary_n of_o vandalia_n who_o write_v that_o seven_o and_o thirty_o year_n after_o the_o say_a childbirth_n the_o like_a happen_v to_o the_o lady_n marguerite_n daughter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n the_o which_o be_v all_o baptize_v martin_n
cromer_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o poland_n write_v that_o in_o cracovia_n in_o the_o year_n 1269._o the_o wife_n of_o the_o earl_n buboslas_n be_v deliver_v of_o six_o and_o thirty_o child_n all_o live_n the_o which_o be_v against_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o physic_n and_o natural_a philosophy_n yea_o against_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n itself_o yet_o there_o be_v no_o rule_n but_o have_v some_o exception_n whereas_o the_o grace_n or_o divine_a vengeance_n interpose_v itself_o the_o which_o overrule_v nature_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o element_n vlaerdinghe_a although_o this_o be_v but_o a_o borroughe_n at_o this_o day_n yet_o it_o be_v put_v in_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o all_o the_o wall_a town_n of_o holland_n the_o river_n of_o mouse_n upon_o who_o bank_n it_o stand_v have_v in_o a_o manner_n eat_v it_o up_o with_o the_o castle_n and_o by_o great_a tempest_n drive_v it_o into_o the_o sea_n thierry_n of_o wasenare_n do_v maintain_v that_o it_o ought_v be_v call_v verdinge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o tolle_fw-la which_o do_v yet_o belong_v unto_o the_o lord_n of_o wassenare_n where_o they_o do_v bargain_n as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v it_o be_v two_o league_n distant_a as_o well_o from_o delfe_n as_o rotterdam_n sevenberghe_n this_o town_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o mâ—ruve_n three_o league_n beneath_o gheertruydenberghe_n and_o as_o much_o from_o breda_n the_o town_n lie_v open_a it_o be_v small_a but_o reasonable_a good_a where_o there_o be_v a_o mighty_a fort_n during_o all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o trouble_n the_o which_o be_v hold_v by_o a_o garrison_n for_o the_o unite_a estate_n it_o belong_v now_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o aremberghe_n who_o have_v liberty_n from_o the_o estate_n that_o pay_v contribution_n it_o shall_v remaineneuter_n as_o it_o have_v do_v all_o the_o above_o name_v town_n although_o they_o be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o those_o of_o brabant_n and_o flanders_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o much_o inferior_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n great_a by_o the_o half_a strong_a and_o better_o people_v than_o they_o be_v thirty_o year_n since_o so_o as_o they_o which_o have_v not_o be_v there_o since_o especial_o in_o amsterdam_n will_v not_o know_v it_o of_o all_o these_o town_n there_o be_v five_o which_o shall_v be_v hold_v for_o bourrough_n whereof_o we_o will_v present_o speak_v some_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o hage_n which_o deserve_v well_o the_o name_n of_o a_o town_n vlaerdinghe_a sevenbergh_n muyden_n and_o voorn_v yet_o there_o be_v a_o other_o town_n not_o wall_v in_o called_z goeree_n which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v the_o last_o of_o the_o town_n of_o holland_n it_o be_v situate_v in_o a_o little_a island_n inhabit_v for_o the_o most_o part_n by_o fisherman_n and_o maker_n of_o net_n which_o be_v their_o great_a labour_n and_o traffic_v it_o have_v as_o good_a and_o as_o deep_a a_o road_n as_o any_o be_v in_o holland_n where_o as_o great_a ship_n which_o go_v long_a voyage_n cast_v anchor_n attend_v their_o last_o provision_n and_o a_o good_a wind_n this_o place_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v spoil_v by_o the_o garrison_n of_o will_v and_o hulst_n as_o also_o hellevooet-sluys_a opposite_a unto_o it_o which_o be_v the_o sluse_n of_o the_o island_n of_o voorn_v on_o that_o side_n towards_o the_o sea_n whereas_o bryle_n lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n upon_o the_o gulf_n of_o the_o river_n which_o they_o call_v the_o old_a mouse_n beverwyck_n this_o word_n be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o retreat_n for_o baâ—arians_n for_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v subdue_v holland_n do_v divide_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o country_n among_o their_o old_a soldier_n whether_o they_o shall_v retire_v themselves_o and_o inhabit_v the_o which_o they_o do_v distribute_v by_o nation_n this_o bourg_n be_v two_o league_n from_o harlem_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o tie_n not_o above_o two_o thousand_o pace_n distant_a from_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v well_o build_v and_o have_v goodly_a farm_n about_o it_o the_o noble_a of_o all_o borroughe_n and_o village_n end_v in_o wyck_n be_v calwyck_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o the_o one_o upon_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o other_o far_o up_o into_o the_o country_n which_o have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o cat_n father_n to_o the_o battavians_n or_o hollander_n who_o follow_v their_o prince_n batto_n go_v and_o seat_v themselves_o near_o unto_o the_o gulf_n whereas_o the_o rhine_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n which_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o situation_n have_v be_v heretofore_o ample_a spacious_a and_o very_a fit_a to_o receive_v ship_n and_o merchandise_n but_o diverse_a time_n destroy_v and_o ruin_v by_o the_o incursion_n of_o barbarian_n and_o pirate_n beside_o there_o be_v suydwyck_n near_o to_o wassenare_n where_o there_o be_v a_o mil_fw-mi upon_o the_o south_n side_n the_o which_o by_o a_o breviation_n they_o call_v suyck_n then_o there_o be_v noortwyck_n on_o the_o north_n side_n to_o the_o which_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o norman_n which_o come_v out_o of_o denmark_n and_o suedland_n give_v the_o name_n whereof_o that_o worthy_a man_n janus_n douza_n be_v lord_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o child_n then_o have_v you_o osterwyck_n which_o some_o hold_n be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o vandal_n or_o esterling_n unless_o that_o â—oppo_n lord_n of_o arckel_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o esterwyck_n then_o be_v there_o naeldwycke_n whereof_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o direct_a line_n be_v dead_a and_o now_o it_o belong_v unto_o the_o earl_n of_o arembergh_n where_o there_o be_v a_o chanonry_n martin_n van_n dorp_n a_o great_a divine_a and_o a_o poet_n be_v bear_v there_o after_o it_o be_v riswyck_n never_o unto_o the_o hage_n stolwyck_n famous_a for_o the_o good_a cheese_n which_o be_v make_v there_o never_o unto_o goude_n bleyswyck_n belong_v unto_o the_o siegnior_n of_o bronckhurst_n brerdwyck_n be_v so_o call_v of_o the_o bard_n gaul_n or_o of_o the_o lombard_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n brandwyck_n schalcwyck_n and_o hontwyck_n whereof_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o write_v the_o etimology_n &_o beginning_n nieuport_n be_v on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o leck_n right_a against_o schoonhoven_n it_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n a_o good_a town_n but_o as_o the_o condition_n of_o human_a thing_n be_v frail_a and_o transitory_a it_o seem_v that_o the_o spoil_n of_o barbarous_a nation_n &_o the_o intestine_a war_n which_o they_o have_v have_v in_o holland_n have_v bring_v it_o to_o decay_v yet_o it_o be_v still_o a_o good_a borough_n scage_n it_o be_v a_o good_a bourg_n well_o build_v like_o unto_o a_o town_n the_o market_n place_n be_v make_v of_o a_o triangle_n form_n and_o go_v into_o three_o street_n where_o there_o be_v little_a passage_n from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o it_o have_v the_o best_a &_o most_o fruitful_a soil_n of_o all_o holland_n both_o for_o tillage_n and_o pasture_n the_o burgher_n be_v very_o rich_a there_o be_v a_o goodly_a castle_n all_o which_o belong_v unto_o the_o siegnior_n of_o scagen_n and_o barchom_n who_o descend_v from_o duke_n albertus_n of_o bavaria_n earl_n of_o holland_n it_o be_v a_o infinite_a thing_n to_o describe_v the_o other_o bourg_n and_o village_n of_o the_o say_a county_n the_o which_o we_o will_v omit_v and_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o castle_n as_o well_o of_o those_o which_o have_v be_v ruin_v during_o the_o faction_n of_o the_o hooc_v &_o cabillaux_fw-fr as_o of_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v yet_o stand_v among_o those_o which_o be_v ruin_v be_v the_o castle_n of_o brederode_n half_o a_o league_n from_o harlem_n and_o of_o egmont_n be_v 5000._o pace_n from_o alcmar_n it_o be_v first_o ruin_v long_o since_o and_o afterward_o in_o the_o last_o trouble_n in_o revenge_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o egmont_n the_o father_n leave_v the_o nobleman_n of_o the_o netherlands_o who_o have_v enter_v into_o league_n against_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n the_o which_o cost_v he_o his_o head_n and_o for_o that_o the_o son_n in_o steed_n of_o revenge_v the_o ignominious_a death_n of_o their_o father_n follow_v the_o spaniard_n party_n then_o be_v the_o castle_n of_o teylingen_n where_o as_o the_o countess_n jaqueline_n take_v great_a delight_n betwixt_o leyden_n and_o harlem_n ruin_v also_o never_o unto_o the_o wall_n but_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o repair_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o town_n of_o schoonhoven_n be_v the_o great_a and_o mighty_a castle_n of_o lysfeldt_n never_o unto_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n of_o leck_n belong_v unto_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswyck_n if_o of_o late_a year_n he_o have_v not_o exchange_v it_o together_o with_o the_o town_n of_o woerden_n with_o philippe_n earl_n of_o hohenlo_n at_o vianen_n there_o be_v also_o a_o fair_a