Peace to the servile Yoke of Foreign Forces and an Insolent Soldiery King Philip was inwardly displeased with this Liberty yet suppressed his Resentment and that he might not seem to go thence offended with these Great Men he promised to withdraw those Forces within four Months After this he took Shipping at Flushing August 26. being attended by a Fleet of 90 Ships He takes Ship at Flushing He met with so great a Tempest on the Shoars of Gallicia that the Ship in which he went perished the King being hardly got out of her into a small Bark that waited upon him Thuanus saith He ascribed his Delivery to Heaven and said He was preserved by the singular Providence of God to extirpate Lutheranism And Meteren That this Tempest was an Omen of the great Calamities that attended him and his States a great part of the Fleet being Shipwrecked He soon fell to the Work he believed God had call'd him He raiseth a great Persecution in Spain and began with the extirpation of Heresie some few had been put to Death before his arrival here and there but the greatest part were kept that he might have the joy of seeing them burnt at Vallidolid and Seville September 24. this pompous Shew was begun in the Person of John Ponce a Son of the Count de Baylen who was brought forth with great State and burnt as an Obstinate Lutheran and with him John Gonsalo a Preacher After these Isabella Venia Maria Viroesia Cornelia and Bohorquia which was a Spectacle of great Compassion and Envy the last of these being not above 21 Years old yet suffering with great Constancy After these followed Ferdinad de St. Jean and Julian Ferdinando John de Leone and Frances Chavesia a Nun Christopher Losada a Physician and Christopher de Arles a Monk and Garsia de Arras This last was the Man who had brought that Spark into Spain and by his constant and learned Preaching improved it so far that he had brought over to his Opinion the greatest Part of the Monks of S. Isiodore and of the Inhabitants of Seville yet afterwards he had deserted his Companions and disputed against them too before the Inquisitors but being at last convinced of the Wickedness of it he repented and being brought before the Inquisitors reproached them as fitter for Mule-Drivers than Judges of the true Faith of which they were brutishly Ignorant tho' they impudently assumed that Title and Office. Constantio the Confessor of Charles V burnt after he was dead Giles and Constantio were reserved to bring up the Reere but they both died yet their Bodies were burnt This last was Confessor to Charles V in the last two Years of his Life and Retirement Soon after his Death he was imprisoned and died in durance His Body was carried about in a preaching Posture and the dreadful ghastly look it had brought Tears from some whilst others laughed at the theatrical Hypocrisie and Bloody Folly of the Monks From hence this Cruel Scene was removed to Vallidolid in October following Twenty eight Nobles burnt at Vallidolid where in the presence of Philip 28 of the Principal Nobility of that Country were bound to Stakes and most Catholickly and Charitably burnt Whether Thuanus were weary of the former Cruelties or wanted exact Informations of the Particulars of this last I cannot say but the last is most probable but however he gives none of their Names or Qualities and saith there was some Variation in the Time. Thus Spain was preserved from Heresie as they call it not by the Learning or Piety of the Clergy but the Bloody Zeal of King Philip. Pope Paul IV The Death of Pope Paul IV. being worn out with Years and very much afflicted with a Dropsie July 29 sent for the Cardinals and told them He was going the way of all Flesh and having advised them to chose a good Successor recommended to them The most Holy Office of the Inquisition as he called it which was the only thing that could preserve that most Holy See. He after this pointed in another Discourse to King Philip whom he said God had raised up as the great Defender of the Catholick Faith and he added That he did not doubt but the Christian Religion would by his Counsels however now afflicted be restored to its Ancient State. He dyed August 18. aged 83 Years having sat Pope four Years two Months and twenty three Days Whilst he was yet dying The People of Rome express their Hatred of him and the Inquisition the People broke open all the Prisons especially those of the Inquisition which they also set on Fire and they were hardly restrained from burning the Palace of Minerva where that Court Sits with the same Fury they beat down the Image of the Pope and broke off its Head and Right-hand and three Days it lay exposed in the Streets to the Contempt and Scorn of all Men after which it was thrown into the Tiber. After this the Arms of the Caraffa's were demolished all over the Town His Body was buried with little Pomp and a Guard of Soldiers drawn up to secure it from the Rage of the Populace It is observed The Deaths of several Princes That this Year was fatal to the Princes of Europe August 17 Lawrence Prioly Duke of Venice died and was succeeded by Jerome his own Brother his rare Virtues dispensing with the Venetian Laws of not suffering Honours to continue in the same Family lest they might seem Hereditary September 1 died Hercules di Este Duke of Ferrara he married Renata a Daughter of Lewis XII King of France and was happy in all his Government except his taking part with Henry II in that unjust War against King Philip as Thuanus calls it But he was happy in this That by his Prudence he extricated himself and came off with little or no Damage in his Treaty of Peace with that Potent and provoked Prince February 12. died Otho Henry Duke of Bavaria Count Palatine of the Rhine and was succeeded by Frederick III. April 29 died Francis Otho Duke of Lunenburg January 24 died William Prince of Henneberg so that within the space of one Year died Charles V two Kings of Denmark a King of France a Duke of Venice a Pope the Elector Palatine the Duke of Ferrara and three Queens Helionora of France Mary of Hungary and Bona Sfortia Queen of Poland The Conclave was very much divided in the Election of a new Pope Pius IV elected between the French and Spanish Factions each Side labouring to have a Pope of their own Interest So that this Contest lasted three Months till at last the Embassadors of the other Princes began to remonstrate That this long Delay tended only to the improving the Differences in Religion and the increasing the Enemies of that See. At last after a Vacancy of four Months and seven Days John Angelo Medici was elected December 26. by the Suffrage of forty four Cardinals
might dispose of Paliano as he thought fit The Duke de Alva in a short time after went to Rome and on his Knees begged the Pope's Pardon with as much Humility as could have been wished And the Pope absolved him and his Master with as much Haughtiness as ever need to have been used The great Desire I had to lay all this Italian War together has made me omit some things that happened in the former Year year 1556 among which one was the Death of Francis Venero Duke of Venice to whom succeeded Laurentius Prioli a Learned Wise Eloquent and Magnificent Gentleman so that for many Years after his Death the Venetians regretted the Loss of him and wished for such another In England the Persecution was so far from extirpating the Reformation The Affairs of England that it made it spread but the Quarrels at Frankford among our English Exiles about the Liturgy had a more Pestilent Influence upon that Religion then and in after Times than the former had The Queen in the mean time was very busie in raising the Religious Houses and had nothing to disgust her till the breaking off of the Truce between her Husband and the King of France which very much afflicted her every way The Duke of Guise shipped his Men at Civita Vechia for France and himself took Post-Horses and went by Land. The Cardinal of Caraffa went soon after the Pope's Nuntio to King Philip and Augustino Trivultio to the King of France to procure a Peace between those two Potent Princes who had been engaged in this War by the Pope and his Relations In the Interim the Duke of Ferrara was exposed to the Resentment of King Philip Ferrara rescued from Ruine by the Duke of Florence and had certainly been ruined if the Prudence of Cosmo Duke of Florence had not prevented it First by sending slow and small Supplies against the Duke of Ferrara and then by maintaining and fomenting Differences between the Spanish Commanders at last by representing to the Duke de Alva who visited him at Legorn That the King of Spain had no other way of setling his Affairs in Italy than by quieting those Commotions his just Resentment against the Duke of Ferrara had raised That all Italy being weary of Wars promised themselves a Peace would follow upon the Victory of that Prince but now if he should go on to make one War the cause of another he must expect to lose their Affections and that mere Desparation would enforce them to take other Measures and seek new Allies and new Counsels This convinced that Duke That it was his Master's Interest to make a Peace with Ferrara because then there would be neither Prince nor Commonwealth in Italy that would have any dependence upon France Our Author John Sleidan has only given us the Letter or Speech which began the Dyet at Ratisbonne The Dyet of Ratisbonne but dyed before he could give us any account of the Transactions there After they had consulted of those things which related to the State and the Turkish War there arose some debate concerning the composing the Differences of Religion And here it was first agreed That all that had been done in the Treaty of Passaw and the Dyet of Ausburg concerning the Peace of Religion should remain firm and immoveable But then those of the Augustane Confession presented to King Ferdinand by their Deputies a Protestation in Writing to this purpose That King Ferdinand had performed a most useful Office A Remonstrance of the Protestant Princes for the good of Christendom by setling a Peace in the Matters of Religion between the Princes and the States of Germany But then he had annexed a Limitation which was very Grievous That no Archbishop Bishop Abbat or other Ecclesiastical Person should receive the Augustane Confession but that he should resign his Office and be deprived of the Revenues thereunto belonging That those of the Augustane Confession did not consent to this Limitation nor can they now consent to it because this was a denying them the Benefit of imbracing the Saving and True Doctrin of the Gospel by which not only the Bishops but their Subjects too were driven out of the Kingdom of God which was not fit to be done Besides it was a Reproach to their Religion to suffer those who should imbrace the Augustane Confession to be judged unworthy of the Sacred Ministery And therefore they could not approve this Restriction in the Dyet of Ausburg without doing Injury to the Glory of God and their own Consciences neither can they now consent to it That this Limitation was an Hindrance to the so much desired Union of Religion seeing thereby the Bishops were deprived of the Liberty of speaking their Minds freely in Matters of Religion because they should thereby forfeit their Office and Revenues if they approved of the True Religion That on the contrary the Peace would be much stronger between the Princes and States of the Empire if Religion were perfectly Free. That therefore the Electors Princes and States who had imbraced the Augustane Confession desired now as they had also formerly done in the Dyet of Ausburg That this grievous Limitation and Restriction might be abolished and that it might be free for all Ecclesiastical Persons to imbrace the Augustane Confession and suffer their Subjects to imbrace it That they of the Augustane Confession did not by this desire that the Revenues of the Church should be dissipated or turned to Profane Uses or annexed to certain Families but they would take great Care to prevent these Inconveniences and do their utmost in it And that by this means the true Intention of the Founders should be observed tho' the Profession of the True Religion should be permitted for it was without doubt their Design to have the Pious and Sincere Service and Worship of God Promoted and Setled tho' they err'd in their Choice That the Electors Princes and States aforesaid would suffer the Publick and Civil Business of the Empire to be dispatched in this Dyet at Ratisbonne but then they had commanded them their Deputies not to give any consent to any thing till the said Limitation were taken away But then if it was once Abolished and Repealed they were ready and willing to assist and promote the Publick Affairs in this Dyet to the utmost of their Abilities This Protestation or Remonstrance was very often renewed afterwards in several of their Dyets but being always opposed by the Princes of the opposite Religion and by the Emperours it could never be obtained because they ever thought That the granting this Liberty would end in the Rnine of the Roman Catholick Religion On the other side those of that Religion wrote sharply against the Peace of Religion as it was then established by the Treaty of Passaw and the Dyet of Ausburg calling it a Lawless Confusion and in private saying That as it was obtained by a War so it must by a War be revoked
a Prince of great Moderation and Justice he overthrew the united Army of Christopher Duke of Oldenburg and of the City of Lubeck who had invaded his Inheritance near Alsens a City of Fionia with a great slaughter of their Forces Having by this Victory obtain'd a Peace he caused the holy Scriptures to be translated into the Danish Tongue and open'd an University and a Library at Coppenhagen Not long before his Death he visited his deposed Uncle who was then in Prison and having discours'd very friendly with him a great while they mutually forgave each other By his Queen Dorothy Daughter of Magnus Duke of Saxony he had five Children Frederick II who succeeded him in his Kingdom Magnus Bishop of Vpsal in Livonia Joane Ann married to Augustus Elector of Saxony and Dorothy married to Henry Duke of Lunenburg Christian II King of Denmark dies The Twenty third of the same Month Christian his Predecessor in that Kingdom followed him being in the Seventy seventh year of his Age he had lived in Prison ever since the Year 1532 having given saith my Author Thuanus this Lesson to all Princes That if they will Reign well and happily they must govern their Affections and not out of a violent lust of insulting over their Subjects give up themselves to the conduct of their Passions and that they ought to assure themselves that God is a severe Revenger always ready and delighting to pluck off their Thrones the most Proud and Insolent who shall abuse that Power he has intrusted them with Frederick I being dead who was a Prince utterly averse from war and neither moved by Ambition nor Covetousness to invade what was anothers Frederick II conquereth Diermarsh his Son Frederick began a War upon the Inhabitants of Dietmarsh who had heretofore been subject to the Dukes of Holstein the Bishop of Breme and the Kings of Denmark successively and had often regain'd their Liberty with great Loss and Dishonour to those Princes that had attempted to reduce this small Province but now their time was come and Adolph Duke of Holstein this year made a final Conquest of them for Frederick King of Denmark in the space of one Month. In the beginning of this Year was a great change of Affairs at Rome The Affairs of Italy The Kindred of the Pope had already made themselves hated by all Christendom and now the Pope himself too fell out with them they had engaged the Pope in the War with Spain which had brought so much Loss and Shame upon that See and its Dominions In the time of those Confusions they had acted many things with great Rapacity Intemperance and Insolence without the Pope's knowledge who finding his Treasure exhausted had by their Advice raised great and extraordinary Taxes upon his People and besides all this had sold the Places of the Criminal and Civil Judges suppressed the monthly Payments of his Officers and seized many of the Lands belonging to the Religious Orders and had levied two Tenths upon all the Benefices The War with King Philip being ended and the Pope having with a calm and dispassionate mind heard the Complaints made against his Relations by one Jeremiah a Fryer of the Theatin Order and especially against the Cardinal of Caraffa began more nearly to inspect his own Affairs and the Lives of his Relations About the same time Cosmus Duke of Florenee made great Complaint also of the Caraffa's because not content with the extorting what they pleas'd from the Hospitals Monasteries and Clergy within the Pope's Dominions which they lookt upon as their own they had also by their private Authority done the same Wrongs in the Dukedom of Florence and indeed all over Italy He thereupon order'd Bongianni Gianfigliacci his Resident at Rome to complain of this to the Pope but then the Caraffa's had prevented him from having any Audience whereupon Cosmus wrote a Letter to the Pope which was by the means of Cardinal Vitelli an Hater of their Insolence deliver'd to the Pope He having read it sent presently for his old Monitor Jeremiah and by him ordered Vitelli to give him a more exact account of their Misdemeanors There was nothing more incensed the Pope against them who was Imperious and Jealous of his Papal Power to the utmost degree than that the Cardinal had agreed without his knowledge or consent with the Duke de Alva that his Brother should accept of a Compensation from King Philip instead of Paliani which Place the Pope had designed to unite to his See. Whereupon he presently commanded the Cardinal to leave the Vatican and not to come any more into his Presence The Twenty seventh of January the Pope summon'd a great Consistory and in it discharged him of the Prime Ministry of Affairs and of the Government of Bononia He took also from the Duke of Paliani his Brother the Command of the Forces of the Ecclesiastick State and of the Gallies and deprived the Marquess di Monte Belli of the Custody of the Vatican Palace declaring against them with that fury that some of the Cardinals attempted to appease him and among them Ranutio Cardinal of Farness To whom he replied That your Grandfather had done much better if like me he had sacrificed his private Affections to his Pastoral Office and having severely chastised your Father's abominable Lusts and Villanies had thereby prevented the scandal the Impunity of them hath given to the whole World. So that nothing that could be said or done could reduce the old Man from his Resolves against them but tended rather to the encreasing of his Fury And hereupon he forthwith abolish'd some Imposts pretending they were exacted without his knowledge By all which he hoped to obtain the repute of a Just and Upright Prince and to cast the Odium of the ill things which had been done in his Popedom upon his Relations After this he betook himself wholly to the promoting the Inquisition which he call'd the most Holy Tribunal and here he shewed a very great severity bringing not only Men suspected of Heresie but of some other Crimes within their Jurisdiction Then commanding all Monks and Nuns to their several Houses he Imprison'd some and sent others to the Gallies for not presently obeying him His Rigour was so great in this last that many left his State and went and setled in the State of Venice He spent Fifty thousand Crowns in Corn to relieve the Poor in a time of Scarcity and setled Bishops at Malacha and Cochin two Cities belonging to the Portuguese in the East-Indies and made the Bishop of Goa an Archbishop exempting him from the Jurisdiction of the Bishoprick of Lisbon He also erected many new Sees in the Low-Countries at the request of Philip King of Spain to the Diminution of the Jurisdiction and Diocesses of many French and German Bishops These Sees were setled at Mechlen Antwerp Harlem Daventrie Leewarden Groningen Midleburg Bosleduc New Bishopricks erected in the Low-Countries Namur St.
Pretences of Delay and pretending he was going to Ancona and that by the way he would speak with the Duke of Florence who was a wise Prince and his Kinsman and regulate that Affair by his Advice Cosâ—us Duke of Florence The Duke of Florence come to Rome perceiving that this Journey of the Pope to Ancona was a Sham and being invited by the Pope to Rome resolved to go thither to promote this and some other Private Business he had with the Pope Before this King Philip having heard of the National Council designed in France had sent Anthony de Toledo to advise the King and Council in this and lay before them the inevitable Danger of a Schism which would follow upon it On the other side Ferdinand the Emperour insisted That seeing the Council was begun on the account of the Germans it should be renewed in Germany and all that was already determined should be re-debated anew Others thought it reasonable That seeing the French were now equally concerned with the Germans the Council should be assembled in some City in the Confines of France and the Empire as at Constance or if the Germans would agree to it at Besanzon The Pope was rather inclined to have it at Trent or rather to bring it deeper into Italy and had some Thoughts of Vercelli a City in the Borders of France though he could not yet resolve certainly to hold it any where for he good Man was more desirous that Geneva which had much infected France and Germany should be reduced by a War than that the Controversies of Religion should be committed to the peaceable Determination of a Council And to that end he had persuaded the Duke of Savoy to make a War upon the Vaudois his Subjects Whilst the Pope was in this incertainty in October the Duke of Florence came to Rome and persuaded the Pope by his Arguments to resolve on the calling of a Council the next Year that he might provide a General Remedy for a General Disease He shewed him That there was no Danger such a Council would pass any severe Sentence on the Manners and Abuses of the Court of Rome And that it was fit he should desire the Discipline and Corrupt Manners of the Church of Rome should be reformed That he ought sincerely to promote it His Arguments for a General Council and cause select Divines to be assembled out of all Christian Kingdoms and to hear them favourably that so the Peace of Christendom might be restored which was now torn in Pieces by Diversity of Opinions About the same time the Death of Francis II the Advancement of the King of Navarr and the great Kindness Queen Catharine on his account shewed to the Protestants very much terrified the Pope and compelled him to entertain the Thoughts of a Council in good earnest which till then had been talked of with no great sincerity The Pope thereupon sent Lawrence Lenzi Bishop of Firmo to King Philip With other concurrent Accidents at last prevail'd John Manriquez to the Duke of Florence and Angelo Guicciardin to the Queen of France who was to condole the Death of her Son to comfort her and to entreat her to undertake the Protection of the Religion she was brought up in and that she would not open a Door to the growing Schism nor seek any Remedy for the Disorders of France from any but the Church of Rome And to assure her The Pope's Ambassadors to thee Christian Princes That in a short time all their Desires should be gratified by the Calling of a General Council and therefore they prayed her to take Care That the flourishing Kingdom of France might not make a Defection from the Ancient Religion during her Government nor any Prejudices be raised against the Remedies which might justly be expected from it The Pope at the same time appointed Hercules Gonzaga Hierome Seripand and Stanislaws Hosio three of his Cardinals to be his Legates in the Council and sent Zachary Delfino Bishop of Zant and Francis Commendone into Germany to invite the Protestant Princes to it Canobbio was sent into Poland on the same Errant and had Orders to go on into Russia to exhort that Prince who was of the Greek Communion to send his Bishops and Divines to the Council but there being a War between the Russ and Poles at this time this Journey was prevented The Twenty ninth of September this Year died Gustavus King of Sweden Gustavus King of Sweden dies which was the Founder of the Line which now reigns in that Kingdom he was succeeded by Eriek his eldest Son. This Prince reigned Thirty eight Years with great Prudence and Commendation being only noted for a little too great Severity in his Taxes which was necessary in a Prince that was to Found a Family but he was otherwise a Prince of great Vertues and the Reformer of the Church of Sweden The same Year died Philip Duke of the hither Pomerania and Albert Count of Mansfield a great Favourer of the Reformation he died the Fifth of March in the Seventieth year of his Age and Sixtieth of his Government The same Year died the Cardinal du Bellay the Great Patron of John Sleidan a Person of great Merit and employed by Francis I in many Embassies He was a great and hearty Desirer of the Reformation of the Church and without all doubt shew'd our Author the right way to it though he miss'd it himself The Nineteenth of April died also Philip Melancthon at Wittemberg He was born at Brett a Town in the Palatinate of the Rhine and was the great Companion and Friend of Martin Luther but was more moderate and a great hater of Contentions and Disputes and a lover of Peace By which Vertues he won the Love and Respects of both Parties in those troublesom days on which account he was sent for into France by Francis I. The Celebration of the States of France was interâ—â—â—tted by the sudden Death of Fracis II. But there being great Discontents at the numerous Assemblies of the Protestants in many Places which were now openly held the finding out a Remedy for this hastned the opening that Convention The Thirteenth of December was appointed for that Purpose and the Chancellor began the Affair with an Elegant and Pious Discourse In which having shewn the Use of these Assemblies and exhorted all degrees to Peace and Concord and shewn 'em the common Causes of Sedition and Rebellion he tells them That in their times a new Cause that of Religion had been added to all the former As if saith he Religion could or ought to be the cause of a Civil War which is the greatest Mischief that can befall a Kingdom and contains all others in it But then God is not the Author of Dissention but of Peace and other Religions because false may be founded and preserved by Force and Fraud but the Christian Religion which is the only true is only to be established by
Petition was seconded by the Duchess of Savoy who was a merciful Princess a and had great Power over the Affections of the Duke It being ever her judgment that this People were not to be so severely used who had not changed their Religion a few days agon but had been in Possession of it from their Ancestors so many Ages Upon this they were to be received to mercy but the Soldiery fell upon them when they suspected nothing and Plundered them three days together The General seemed to be much concerned at this breach of Faith yet after this they were fined eight thousand Crowns which they were forced to borrow on great Usury and they were also commanded to bring all their Arms into the Castles the Duke had Garrisoned in their Country And at last they were commanded to eject all their Pastors which was granted with the tears of their People that they might avoid the fury of the Soldiers The General pretended not to be satisfied that their Pastors were in good truth gone and when they suffered them to search their Houses the Soldiers Plundered them again and then burnt their Town There was one Town called Angrogne in a Valley of the same name the General pretended to shew them more favour and agreed that they should have one Pastor left them but they forced him also to flee into the Mountains afterwards and Plundered his House and all his Neighbours and then injoyned the Sindicks who are their chief Magistrates to find up and bring in the Pastor threatning that otherwise they would burn and destroy the whole Territory and when they had so done then they withdrew In the mean time their Messengers were gone with the Petition mentioned above to the Duke to Vercelli where they attended forty days before they could get Audience and then they were forced to promise they would admit the Mass and when the Prince had upon these terms forgiven their taking Arms against him they were commanded to ask Pardon too of the Popes Nuncio which at last they did During their absence the Inhabitants of Angrogne had suffered no Sermons but in private that they might not exasperate the Prince or make the Affairs of their Deputies more difficult But they resolved when these were returned they would exercise their Religion openly and not give any thing to the maintaining of the Soldiers whether their Request were granted or denied In the beginning of January the Deputies returned year 1561 and when their Principals understood what had been done they wrote to the rest of the Valleys to give them an account of it and desired a publick Gonsultation or Diet. At which it was resolved that they should all joyn in a League to defend their Religion which they believed was agreeable to the Word of God professing in the mean time to obey their Prince according to the Commandments of God and that they would for the future make no Agreement or Peace but by a common Consent in which the freedom of their Religion should be saved Upon this they grew more Confident refused the Conditions offered by the Duke of Savoy and the promises made by their Deputies And the next day they entered into the Church of Bobbi in Arms and broke down all the Images and Altars and after a Sermon marching to Villar where they intended to do the like they met the Soldiers who had heard what was done going to Plunder Bobbi stopped them and with their Slings so pelted them that they were glad to shift for their lives and left these Reformers to do the same thing at Villar The Captain of Turin attempting to stop this Rage was beaten and the Dukes Officers were glad to seek to their Pastors for a Pasport After this they beat the Captain of Turin in a second Fight By this time the whole Army drew into the Field and the Inhabitants of these Valleys not being able to resist them they burnt all their Towns and Houses and destroyed all the People they took In these Broils Monteil one of the Duke of Savoy's Chief Officers was slain by a Lad of eighteen years of age and Truchet another of them by a Dwarf The Duke of Savoy had sent seven thousand Soldiers to destroy this handful of Men and yet such was their Rage and Desperation and the Advantage of their Country that they beat his Soldiers wheresoever they met them And in all these Fights their Enemies observed that they had slain only fourteen of the Inhabitants and thence concluded that God fought for them So the Savoyards began to treat of a Peace which at last was concluded to the Advantage of these poor despicable People The Duke remitting the eight thousand Crowns they were to pay by the former Treaty and suffering them to enjoy the Liberty of their Religion So that he got nothing by this War but loss and shame the ruin of his People on both sides and the desolating of his Country A CONTINUATION OF THE HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION BOOK III. The CONTENTS A Persecution in the Low-Countries The French Affairs Queen Catharine favoureth the Protestants but ordereth Montmorency to oppose them She suspects the designs of the Nobility The differences of Religion occasion Tumults in France Various Edicts made The Cardinal of Lorrain procures the Conference of Poissi Mary Queen of the Scots leaves France The three Estates of France Assemble at Pont-Oyse The Conference of Poissi The Rudeness of Laines General of the Jesuits This Conference disliked abroad The Council of Trent recalled Opposed by Vergerius The Popes Legates sent to Princes to invite them to the Council A Diet of the Protestant Princes at Naumburg The Queen of England rejects the Council The Ruin of the Caraffa's The King of Navarre drawn over to the Romish Party by the Arts of the King of Spain Scotch Affairs The Protestant Religion setled there by a Parliament Queen Mary Arrives there Her beginning favourable to the Protestants Great kindness at first in shew between her and Queen Elizabeth The French Affairs The Edict of January 1562. Injunctions published by the Queen concerning Images The King of Navarre pretends to promote the Reformation The Edict of January opposed by the Guises The Massacre of Vassi The Duke of Guise entereth Paris All things in France tend to Civil War. The Queen joyns with the Roman Catholick Party out of fear Orleans surprized by the Prince of Conde The Massacre of Senlis Roan taken by the Protestants Several Treaties for a Peace The Siege of Roan The King of Navarre shot His Death and Character The Prince of Conde leaves Orleans Besieges Corbeil The two Armies come in view He marches towards Normandy The Battel of Dreux in which Montmorency is taken St. Andre slain and the Prince of Conde taken Coligni and the Duke of Guise become Generals The Pope fondly rejoyces at this Battel The Siege of Orleans The Duke of Guise Assassinated His Death and Character The Queen desires and at last makes a
of Lithuania This Archbishoprick was founded in the year 1215 by the procurement of the Knights of the Teutonick Order the City being then and a long time after the Seat of the Master of it who divided the Sovereignty and Administration of Justice with the Archbishop After this short Digression which the Reader is desired to Pardon I shall now return to the prosecution of the French Affairs The new Friendship between Montmorency and the Guises was a very frightful thing to the Queen Regent The Queen suspects the designs of the Nobility who sought all the way she could possible to divide their Affections for the preserving her own Authority and therefore she was very Anxiously inquisitive to find whether this new Kindness between two such Ancient Enemies tended The Prince of Conde in the mean time was declared Innocent by the Parliament of Paris the Thirteenth of June and his Discharge Recorded The Differences in Religion not only disquieted the Court The Differences of Religion occasion Tumults but the Provinces also the two Parties reproaching each other with the Names of Papist and Huguenot There were frequent Tumults raised also by the Roman Catholicks to shew that Coligni was out when he said The Protestant Religion might be divulged throughout all the Provinces without any Disturbance And at Amiens and Pont-Oise things came to a Sedition the Catholick Artificers beginning the Quarrel and falling upon some of the Houses of some of the Protestants and they slew one Hadrian Fourre a Priest because he was reported to savour the Reformation and afterwards burnt his Body publickly for which only two were hanged An Edict to restrain them This necessitated the Council to forbid all Reviling Expressions and all Tumults on the Accounts of Religion And by it all that had been banished for Religion in the Reign of Francis II. were invited to return and promised they should enjoy their Goods and Estates if they would live like good Catholicks for the future or otherwise might sell them and retire elsewhere which was after opposed by the Parliament at Paris but yet many returned on that account and many that were in Prison were discharged so that the Protestant Party appeared numerous The Cardinal of Lorrain was Alarm'd at this and represented to the King and Queen That the whole Kingdom was fill'd with Conventicles That the meaner sort ran to the Sermons out of curiosity and were easily corrupted That the Ancient Ceremonies were little frequented or regarded and that they were already derided and scorn'd by many That great numbers every day forsook the Church and went over to the Protestants The Edict of July So he would needs have had a new Edict forthwith published to prevent these Inconveniences This being Debated in the Council in the Month of July there was another Edict published That all should live peaceably and without any fury each to other or reproaching one the other That there be no Listing or Inrolling Men on either side That the Preachers should use no Seditious or Turbulent Expressions upon pain of Death and the Presidents of the Provinces should determine of these Affairs and execute the Edict That no Sermons should be frequented by Men Armed or Unarmed in publick or in private nor any Sacraments Administred but according to the Rites of the Church of Rome And That if any Man was Convicted of Herefie and delivered to the Secular Power he should only be Banished and this was to stand till a General or a National Council should determine otherwise This was called the Edict of July The Cardinal of Lorrain had so good an opinion of his own Abilities The Carelinal of Lorrain procures the Conference of Poissy that he was fondly perswaded he could confute all the Doctrines of the Protestants out of the Fathers and thereby acquire a great Reputation to himself if he could procure a Conference with their Pastors It was therefore resolved that there should be a Meeting for that purpose at Poissy near St. Germain the Tenth of August and that Pasports should be granted to their Ministers which were to come thither on that account All of both sides being invited thither at the same time The Queen Regent was very much for this Disputation but the greatest part of the Roman Catholicks were against it as thinking it a dangerous thing to suffer the Doctrine which had hitherto been received to be brought under debate and the Religion of their Ancestors to be disputed In the Interim Mary Queen of the Scots left France Mary Queen of Scotland leaves France and return'd into Scotland the Cardinal of Lorrain attending her as far as Calais There was also a Theatrical Reconciliation between the Prince of Conde and the Duke of Guise by the Order of the King the later protesting That he had no hand in the Imprisonment of the Prince and the Prince telling Guise That the Adviser and Procurer of his Commitment was a Wicked Man and a Villain To which Guise Answered That he believed so too but was not concern'd in it After which by the King's Command they embraced each other as Kinsmen and Friends and promised a firm and sincere Friendship each to other and there was great Rejoycing in the Court. The Assembly of the States was Prorogued last year till May of this and then was on the account of the great Affairs prorogued to August and Appointed to be opened at Pont-Oyse In this Assembly The Three Estates of France Assembled at Pont-Oyse the Agreement between the Queen Regent and the King of Navar was Confirm'd by the three Estates which was very difficultly obtain'd by the later This Assembly was opened at St. Germain where James Bretagne d'Autum who spoke for the Commons declaiming sharply against the Ignorance of the Priests and the Corrupt Manners and Depraved Discipline of the Clergy so that they were unfit to Lead or Instruct the People but rather disgusted and displeased them doing all things for Hire and nothing as their Duty enslaving themselves to Pleasures and wallowing in Luxury and Idleness To this he assigned the Calamities which at present oppress'd France He therefore moved the King to take away all their Jurisdiction that he should employ their over-great Riches to Pious Uses and call a National Council which was the only present and certain Cure of those Evils That free Pasports should be given to all that would come to it and that the King or some of the Princes of the Blood should preside in it whilst Business of Religion was debated That the late Decree against Conventicles should be no prejudice to those of the Reformed Religion who rejected the Ceremonies of the Church of Rome nor any Prescription as to length of time which could not make what in it self was false true and the Business of Religion was to be quietly and friendly debated according to the Word of God and not with the Sword and Reproaches He that spoke for the
of the German Princes for whose sake the Council was first Indicted sent Ambassadors to them Zachariah Delfino Bishop of Faro and John Francis Comendon Bishop of Zant being by his order directed to all the Princes with Letters of Credence They went first to Ferdinand the Emperor who was then at Vienna from thence they went by his Advice to meet all the Princes of the Augustane Confession who were then Assembled at Naumberg upon the River Saole in Saxony whom they were to treat very gently and modestly studying to avoid whatever might give occasion of Exasperation or Offence by the Counsel of this great and excellent Prince he telling them this was the easiest way to do their Business and to get a Positive Answer He also reminded them of the Conditions upon which the Protestant Princes had in the last Dyet declared they would consent to the Council of Trent That if they hap'ned to be mentioned the Ambassadors might not be destitute of an Answer He also sent Three Ambassadors of his own with them 1. Otho Count of Eberstin 2. Felix Bogislaus Baron of Hassenstein And 3. Christopher Meela Vice-Chamberlain of Bobemia These being admitted the day after their Arrival at Naumburg into the Assembly of the Princes exhorted them to be present in the Council to be shortly holden at Trent that an end might so be put to the lamentable Differences of Religion and the Calamities of Germany When they had deliberated on the Proposal they return'd this Answer Their Answer to the Emperor That they were very Thankful to the Emperour for his Care of and Love to the Empire As to the Council they did not refuse a Free General and truly Christian Council in which not the Pope but the Word of God should sit as Judge the Oath of the Bishops being discharged and a Liberty allowed to those of the Augustane Confession to Vote But on the contrary they perceived the Pope pretended to continue the Council of Trent and only to allow those Bishops to Vote who were Sworn to him against which they had already Protested in many Dyets of the Empire They concluded with a Promise of a more partiticular Answer when they had consulted the Princes assembled at Newburg they having as yet no Instructions concerning this Point from them or their Deputies And in the mean time they prayed the Emperour that he would preserve inviolably the League of Passam and the Peace of Religion After this both the Pope's Legates were heard one after another year 1561 who said very much in Commendation of Pius IV. his great Care of Religion The Pope's Legates Admitted and good Affection towards them That to this end he had recall'd the Council to Trent for the Extirpation of Heresie and Sects in which he promised all things should be transacted with Christian Charity and Brotherly Affection and all should be fully and sweetly heard and Determinations made and Suffrages given with the utmost freedom and liberty Therefore they exhorted them to send Ambassadors with Plenary Instructions and lend their Assistance to the bringing so commendable a Design to its desired end which was the restoring Peace to Christendom They delivered also the Pope's Letters to the several and respective Protestant Princes which being Superscribed with the word Son were all return'd Seal'd to the Legates The last day of the Meeting the Electors and other Princes in the Morning return'd an Answer to the Pope's Legates Their Answer to the Legates That they did not acknowledge the Popels Jurisdiction nor think themselves bound to give him any account what they intended in the Business of the Council the Calling and holding of which belonged not to him but they had fully declared their Minds to Ferdinand the Emperour their gracious Lord. That as for them the Legates they esteemed them for their Noble Birth and great Learning and should have shewn them greater respects if they had not come on the Pope's Errand Being thus dismissed they went to Lubeck and sent to Frederick King of Denmark for leave to come to him but had for an Answer That neither he nor his Father had never had any Business with the Pope nor did he desire now to know their Errand And Martinego who was sent to Queen Elizabeth of England was forbidden to come over To give the Reader a certain and clear knowledge of this Meeting at Naumburg The 13th of January Fredcrick the Elector Palatine The occasions of the meeting at Naumburg Augustus Duke of Saxony and Elector Jo. Frederick of Saxony Wolfang of the Palatine Family Ernest and Philip Dukes of Brunswick Ulrick Duke of Meckleburg Christopher Duke of Wirtemburg Charles Marquis of Baden Ernest Prince of Henneberg and the Ambassadors of Joachim Duke and Elector of Brandenburg and of John and George Fredirick of that Family of Philip Landtgrave of Hesse and of Barnim and Jo. Frederick Dukes of Pomerania upon the report of a Council suddenly to be assembled met at Naumburg to which Place the King of Denmark and the Princes of Lunenburg sent only Letters of Friendship to assure those that met that they would stand by them The design of it was to put an end to those Controversies which had arisen amongst the Protestants themselves to renew their Subscriptions to the Augustane Confession to consider and by mutual Consent to resolve whether they should go to the Council or refuse it They had great Controversies amongst themselves about the various Editions of the Augustane Confession which had been explained enlarged and as to the Expressions very often changed and the Elector of Saxony was for the retaining the first Edition and putting the Smalcaldick Articles by way of Preface to it but the rest not consenting to it he left Naumburg and return'd When they came to consider the Council of Trent they were no less divided in that too Some were for an absolute rejection of it others were for the sending Ambassadors from the several States who should propose the giving an Account of their Faith in a free and truly Christian Synod and enter a great Complaint against the Pope and Court of Rome make their Exceptions to the Council on the account of the Suspition of the Judges the perverse Method or Order of Proceedings and the Inconvenience of the Place this they conceived would mitigate the Envy had been raised against them and shew that their Enemies and not they were the obstructers of Concord and Union After this they sent Deputies to the Duke of Saxony deploring his departure before the End of the Conference and giving him an Account of the Form of Confession they had Agreed to Subscribe and desiring him that he would also subscribe it or at least restrain his Divines from traducing and defaming it as they had before done by some things agreed at Frankford Soon after Augustus Duke of Saxony Married Anne Daughter of Morice of the Family of Nassaw and Brother to William Prince of Orange Jerolamus
it ought and would prove destructive to the Kingdome of France and having brought over Navar to their Party tho' they foresaw they should meet with great and almost insuperable Difficulties yet they thought they should at last gain their Ends. The Duke of Guise went therefore to his Country House and his Brother Charles the Cardinal soon after followed him thither So they both went to Zaberen a Town belonging to the Bishop of Strasburg where Christopher Duke of Wirtemberg met him on pretence he came to visit a Lady that was his Kinswoman bringing with him John Brent and James Andrea two eager defenders of the Augustane Confession against the Zuinglians whose Doctrine was generally followed by the Protestants in France here they conferred together three days The Cardinal of Lorrain pretended to have a great affection for the Duke of Wirtemberg and the rest of the German Princes he said also That since the Conference of Poissi he had a good opinion of the Augustane Confession and that he had often persuaded the Protestants to subscribe it and they had ever refused it because they did not so much desire the Reformation of Religion and of the Church Discipline as the spreading lewd and monstrous Opinions which tended to the filling France and Germany with new Tumults That the King of Denmark wisely foresaw this who congratulating by his Ambassador the attempt to reform the Church expressed at the same time his fear that they should embrace the Zuinglian and Geneva Confession instead of the Augustane and thereupon carefully advised the King of Navar to consider this That the Duke of Wirtemberg and the other Princes of Germany ought to fear the same thing if they desired the Peace of Germany or that of the Church For that as Germany and France were near each other so their Interests were so interwoven that the Good or Evil would be common to them That as they were derived from one of the Illustrious Families of Germany and enjoyed one of the principal Stations in France so they had left that Kingdom to confer with him the Duke of Wirtemburg and to settle by mutual Consent what might be useful and salutary to both these States and that they might conjointly oppose the Endeavours of the Zuinglians and their Doctrine They pretended they did not do this with intention to hinder the Reformation of Religion and the Worship of God For that they desired above all things but that they sought to prevent that Tempest which these Sectaries were raising both in France and Germany And therefore they desired the Duke to interpose his Authority with the Princes of Germany and to induce them to have a good Opinion of their Designs The Duke of Wirtemburg having consulted with Brent and Andrea his two Divines who were very desirous the Helvetian Confession should not be entertained in France commended the Cardinals affections towards himself and the Empire and said he approved of his Counsel for the hindering the Reception of that Confession in France which without doubt would cause great Commotions But then he said this was upon condition that the Reformation should be carried on in France in the mean time and that no Severities or Proscriptions should be employed against those who had made defection from the See of Rome The Cardinal was thought to have said this to the intent to dispose the German Protestant Princes to send Supplies against the French Protestants when it should come to a War or at least to make them less apt to succour the Prince of Condé and the Protestants Thus that Conference ended The Duke of Guise The Duke of Guise called to Court by the King of Navar The Massacre of Vassy happen'd accidentally in that â—ourny and the Cardinal returned to Joinville in Champaigne where soon after he received a Letter from the King of Navar that he should come to Court as fast as was possible whither he forthwith went. In the Borders of Champaigne there is a Town called Vassy which has high Walls and is the Capital of a Prefecture The Protestants had a Meeting-place in this Town able to contain twelve Hundred persons in which at times they preached and administred Sacraments after their way because they had as yet no setled Minister but procured one from Troyes The Bishop of which place was a favourer of them But now there was one Leonard Morel come from Geneva to settle there which was ill taken by Claude de Sainctes the Governour of the Town and by the Prior Curate and Neighbours who had frequently complained of it to Jerome de Burgos Bishop of Chaalon sur Marne in Champaigne under whom the place was The year before the Bishop came thither and had a disorderly Dispute with the Minister about imposition of Hands managed by one of his Divines which he brought with him before the People Governour and Bishop which had no good effect Antonia de Bourbon the Mother of the Guises a zealous Roman Catholick was also much offended with the nearness of this place and desired very much to be rid of it and she reproached her Son for his over-great patience in a thing wherein the Glory of God her own Honour and the Religion of his Ancestors was concerned Hereupon the first of March he went to Vassy with Lewis the Cardinal his Brother Du Brossay and his Son and a great Retinue designing rather to suppress and dissipate this Conventicle by his Presence than to offer Violence to any private person As he went he heard a Bell ring at an unusual time and asking the reason of it was told It was to call the Protestants to their Meeting Hereupon his Foot-men began to make a Noise as if there had been a Military Enterprize but the Duke went on and entred Vassy where there were 60 Horse ready to receive him and he was to dine that day at Sclaron The Curate and Prior were very earnest with him to go by the Conventicle but whilst he delayed them and seemed unwilling to do it the meaner part of his Attendants ran thither and began to call the Protestants who were there assembled Dogs and Rebels to God and the King. The Protestants also return'd their reproaches upon them and so at last they fell from words to flinging stones after which those that were on Horseback lighted and broke into the place where the Meeting was which was a Granary and was for some time defended by those within but they at last prevailing drew their Swords and began to stab and wound the Protestants A great Cry arising Guise was forced to go thither to put a stop to the Massacre but he by Accident receiving a small Wound this so inraged his Retinue that he could not restrain them in this Tumult about 60 persons were kill'd and 200 wounded amongst which last was Morell who was sent Prisoner to Disier Though this Tumult happened against his will and contrary to his expectation yet the Duke of Guise to excuse
himself and his Servants The Duke of Guise uses ill Arts to secure his Servants who began the Tumult sent for the chief of the Protestants who were taken and severely chid them for having by this unlawful Meeting given occasion to this Tumult and blamed the Queen of Scots Bailiff for to her the Place belonged for suffering such Conventicles to be hold there And caused several Depositions to be made that the Tumult was begun by the Protestants though it was in truth begun by his own Servants Fame encreased the Fact and made it appear worse in all the Circumstances than in truth it was and every one judged of it as he stood affected the Protestants blaming it and the Catholicks defending it as necessary to put a stop to the Insolence of a few ill Men to prevent worse But Wise men saw it would not stop here but that Seditious Men would take the same Methods throughout the Kingdom The Prince of Conde complains of it to the King. The Duke of Guise went to Reims and from thence to Nantueil the King being then at Monceaux in the Diocess of Meax whither Conde came and made a great Complaint of the Massacre of Vassy aggravating it above the Truth adding That it was a thing of ill Example and ought to be severely Punished The Queen on the other side was very much troubled and wrote to the King of Navar to take care of this Affair who was then at Paris and advised the Duke of Guise not to go to Paris till he had been with the King to which he made no other Answer than That he was so taken up with entertaining his Friends that he was not at leisure to wait upon the King. And his next care was to excuse it to the Duke of Wirtemburg to whom he sent a Letter to that purpose laying the fault on the Insolence of the Rabble which trusting in their number had begun to fling Stones at his Servants The King of Navar went to Monceaux in the mean time where he met with severe Complaints against this Tumult and stifly averr'd that the Protestants had been the beginners of the fray excusing the Duke of Guise and entertaining those that complain'd of it with very great roughness Beza who was there replied That if it were so the Duke of Guise ought to have complained to the King and not to have permitted his Servants to have become their own Judges and turning to the King of Navar he said He was sent by the Church to complain of this wrong which has ever been readier to suffer than to act Injuries and that yet he ought to remember that Anvil had broke many Hammers in the mean time the Duke of Guise went to Paris The Duke of Guise entereth Paris without taking any notice of the King where he was entertain'd with greater Ceremony and Respect and had a greater Attendance than became a Subject the Queen began to fear the King of Navar Guise and Montmorancy would under the Pretence of Religion set up a Triumvirate which would bring her and the King under their Power so that she had no other remedy but to put her self and her Son under the Protection of the Prince of Conde and by her Letter to desire him to stand by them The Queen upon this puts her self and the King into the Protection of the Prince of Conde But then she did this very privately and by her Emissaries that she might not alienate the hearts of the People and of a great part of the Nobility from her by seeming to promote the new Religion and by the Envy of that be excluded from having any share in the Government In the mean time that she might consult her own safety she went with the King of Navar to Melun whither M. de Marle and Claude Martel one of the * Aeâ—iliâ— Officers of Paris who was in great esteem amongst the People came to her and represented the great Danger Paris was exposed to by the Forces of the Prince of Conde and said it was necessary She and the King should come thither forthwith and he having many armed Men about him he desired the Citizens might have their Arms restored to them which had been taken away by Montmorancy which last she rather delayed than denied because she saw they would have them whether she would or no. From thence she went to Fontain-bleau to gain time to consider what was to be done and was in suspence whether she should go for Orleans whither Conde was going or trust to the Regal Authority and go to Paris Navar went in the mean time from Mâ—an to Paris and Lodged with Montmorancy where there was a Council held every day without the Prince of Conde And the Government of the City was taken from young Montmorancy by the Advice of his Father and given to the Cardinal of Bourbon Every thing now tended to an open rupture All things in France tend to a Civil War. and rumours were spread abroad that the Catholicks in all Parts of the Nation were ill used by the Protestants which Reports were true or false set on foot by the Cardinal of Lorrain The Populace was exasperated and having regain'd their Arms were the more enraged for the having had them taken away and therefore could no longer be kept in order The Prince of Conde seeing his Danger that he might not seem to expose his own Party to the sury of their Enemies 〈◊〉 proposed to the Cardinal that he would leave the City if Guise and the othâ—â—â—onfederates would do so too at the same time that it might not be endanger 〈◊〉 an intestine Sedition which was accepted and the Duke of Guise went to â—â—â—tainbleau with a great Retinue to the King and Queen and the Prince of Conde went to Meaux and la Ferte Aucoulph upon the Marne As soon as they were thus gone M. de Marle took into the City MD men for its Security which Montmorancy the younger had refused to do whilest the City was under his Care The Duke of Guise when he went to Fontain-bleau carried with him many Armed men that he might fright the Queen from her Cabals with the Prince of Conde and so draw her by a secret Fear to joyn with him The Queen out of Fear joyns with the Catholick Lords commonly call'd the Triumvirate and the Stratagem took She had before carefully enquired into the Numbers and Riches of the Protestants that she might know what she and the King might expect from them but she could not be assured of any thing only that there were 2150 Assemblies in the Nation the Delegates of which proffered her and the King their Services in case of Necessity but when she desired a more particular and exact account they suspected she had some ill design against them and declined giving her an exact account of their Secrets reflecting on her inconstancy which they much suspected In the mean time
Beauvais was also taken but died soon after of his Wounds And Anglure de Givry and the Duke de Aumale were beaten down and trod to Death by the Horse The Regiment of Bretagne was also dispersed so that there was only one Squadron of Swiss entire which repelled the Germans and there were some French Horse which make a Front but at length they were charged in the Rere by de Mouy but then he also was charged by Biron with three Troops in the Flank and soon after taken his Horse being slain The Van-Guard in which the Duke of Guise stood was all this while entire he was in the Army as a private Gentleman and had no Command because he would not fight under Montmorancy At his Advice St. Andre fell then upon the Prince of Conde when all his Forces were weary and dispersed and first broke the Prince's Foot which were very much slaughtered by the Spaniards that followed the Gascongners and Germans who first broke in upon them After this Guise Damville St. Andre by the advice of the Duke of Guise turn the Fortune of the day and gains the Victory on the King's side The Prince of Conde taken Prisoner St. Andre slain by Coligm and St. Andre all united with the rest of the King's Horse fell upon the Prince's Horse which being disordered by three Field-pieces fired upon them was soon broken Andelot doing all that was possible to rally the Germans but it proving impossible he rode to Teron and at last escaped Conde and Coligni got together 200 Horse but could not persuade the Germans to return to the Charge they pretending their Pistols were lost They also disordered and discouraged the French Horse so that the Prince of Conde was forced to flee he had received a wound in the Hand and his Horse was shot in the Thigh and fell and Danville coming up as he was remounting he was taken Prisoner Soon after this Montmorancy was in vain endeavoured to be recovered In the interim Coligni rallying 300 Armed Horse and 1000 Germans charged St. Andre and the Duke of Guise with greater Fury than they had shewed in the first In this Rencounter St. Andre was slain by one Baubigny whom he had injured after he was taken and carried off He was a Person of great Natural Parts but very lewd and wicked tho' a Man of Courage under Henry the Second he had been in good Esteem and was now employed on the account of his Abilities 'till the Divine Vengeance overtook him for his Crimes and cut him off by the Hand of one he least feared of all the World which may give great Men a good hint The Duke of Guise force Coligni to Reâ—â—â—â— not to do Injuries on presumption of their Power but to revere Fortune The King's Army was again declining when the Duke of Guise came up with a Party of Foot and charging Coligni in the Flank he retreated because not supported with equal Numbers but with a soft pace and carrying off two Pieces of Cannon The Duke of Guise followed him a while but Night coming on he was forced to give over the Pursuit Coligni went to Neufville and Guise returned to the Camp. The fight lasted four hours It was observed there was no Forlorn Hope tho' the Armies faced each other an hour before the Fight began That both the Generals were taken and the Victory changed several times between them and was at last doubtful to whom it belonged Coligni would have sought the next day Coligni would have persuaded the Germans to fight the next day which had certainly ruined the King's Army if they would have done it but they would not The Duke of Nevers was mortally wounded by a Servant of his own by accident There was about 8000 slain of which 3000 were Protestants 1500 Germans were taken by the Duke of Guise and sent home without Arms. Montmorancy was hurried to Orleans and Conde was kindly treated by the Duke of Guise who was now become General in the King's Army That Night they two lay together in one Bed as well as supped at one Table to both their great Commendations The next day the Duke of Guise sent an account of what had happen'd to the Queen to Paris who by this time was sufficiently afraid of his prevailing Fortune tho' she had no great Good-will for the Prince of Conde but then she rarely dissembled her Thoughts and ordered publick Thanks to be given to God for the Victory and sent the Duke of Guise a Commission to be General of the King's Forces The day after the Fight Coligni General of the Protestants Coligni drew up the remainder of the Protestant Army in Battel array and marching towards the Enemy that he might obscure the Fame of the overthrow and recollect such as had escaped He lodged that Night at Gailard and the next at Aunea a Castle in Beause where he was by common Consent made General during the absence of the Prince of Conde From thence he marched to Puiset and so to Patey where he stayed two days and then designed to surprise some Forces he heard were sent to Blois he followed them as far as Freteval in Vendosme and arrived at Baugy with a design to repair the Bridge and disperse his Forces into Winter Quarters in Sologne and Berry whither he heard the Duke of Guise intended to send his that they might be the nearer to besiege Orleans in the beginning of the Year Tho' there are some Particulars relating to the Year 1562 which I shall hereafter return to yet I think it the best way to carry on the Thread of the French Affairs to the end of the War here and then return back to the other The Duke of Guise in the beginning of January year 1563 thought fit to solicit Frederick Rolshouse a Subject of the Landtgrave of Hesse who said He was sent by his Master an old Friend and Allie of the Crown of France to deliver the King from the Restraint he was put under by the Enemies of his Government and to assist the faithful Defenders of the French Interest Thereupon the 22th of January the Queen went to Bloise where she published a Declaration in the King's Name and her own to assure the Landtgrave That all those Reports which had been spread abroad of the Restraint of her and her Son were false and set on foot by the Protestants only as a colour of their Sedition that they might arm and raise Forces in Germany and therefore she hoped that when he and the rest of the German Princes should understand the truth of this they would not aid or abet the Rebels of France against their lawful Prince contrary to the Oaths given by their Ancestors This Declaration was signed for the greater confirmation by Alexander the King 's youngest Brother Henry Prince of Navar Charles Cardinal of Bourbon Lewis de Bourbon Duke de Monpensier and Charles de Bourbon Prince de Roche-sur-Yon Soon after the
the Prince publickly That he wondered how they could be prevailed upon to clap up a Peace upon such disadvantageous Conditions when the Affairs of the Protestants were in so flourishing a state That they ought to have remembred that in the beginning of the War the Triumvirate had consented that the Edict of January should be restored and that now two of them the King of Navar and the Duke of Guise were slain and Montmorancy was their Prisoner and consequently a Security for the Prince of Conde Why should not they have had the same Terms That the restraint of the Profession of the Protestant Religion to one place in a Province was to give up that by a dash of the Pen which their Sword could never have obtained That what was granted to the Nobility could not be denied and they would soon see it was safer to serve God in the Suburbs of great Cities than in their Private Families and that it was uncertain whether their Children would be at all like them But however nothing could rescind an Agreement made by common consent Thus ended the first Civil War of France I have transcribed this whole Account of the first Civil War of France from the great Thuanus abridging it as much as was possible and pursuing the Actions only of the great Armies because if I had taken in all he relates of the various Actions between the two Parties in the several great Cities and Provinces it would have swell'd infinitely beyond the design of this Work or otherwise have been so dark as not to be easily intelligible And if the Reader compare this short Account with that given by Davila he will soon see how little the sincerity of that Historian is to be relied on and how small the Reason is for him to treat the Huguenots as Rebels in all the Course of this War. When the War first began the Protestants acted purely on the defensive but after several local Massacres they began to pull down Images and Altars in Revenge for the blood-shed of the other Party and finding to their cost this did but enrage the Roman Catholicks against them and made them the more cruel they fell next upon the Priests and Monks as the Authors of their Calamities this more incensing the Roman Catholicks And they again using the most horrid barbarities that were ever practised by Men the Protestants rose likewise in their Executions on them so that if this War had continued a few years France must have been depopulated Now though in all this the Roman Catholicks were the first Agressors and forced the Protestants to this severity in their own defence yet their Writers cunningly omitting the Provocation or softing the Actions of their own Party set forth at large the Cruelties of the Hereticks as they call them and many times aggravate them above what is true but Thuanus though a Roman Catholick was too great a Man to be guilty of so false a representation and who ever pleaseth to consult him will find I have been very favourable to the Roman Catholicks in this Abstract and have not sought occasions to make them odious without cause A CONTINUATION OF THE HISTORY OF THE Reformation of the Church BOOK IV. The CONTENTS The Cardinal of Ferrara leaves France The Causes of the Delay of the Council The Pope's Legates sent to Trent The Prohibition of Books taken into Consideration The French Ambassadors arrive at Trent The French King's Reflections on the Proceedings of the Council The French Clergy arrive there The Pope's Fear of them Maximilian Son of Ferdinand the Emperor chosen King of the Romans The Emperor dislikes the Proceedings of the Council The Spanish Ambassadors received in the Council The Fathers of Trent much Displeased with the Peace made in France The Queen of Navarr cited to Rome and many of the Bishops by the Inquisition The French King's Declaration against these Proceedings The Queen Mother of France complains of the Council The Pope Gains the Cardinal of Lorrain to his Side That Councils have no Authority over Princes The Ambassadors of France Protest against the Council and retire to Venice The Council ended The Censure of the Council The State of Religion in Piedmont A Tumult in Bavaria for the Cup. The Romish Reasons against granting Marriage to the Clergy and the Cup to the Laity The Siege and Surrender of Havre de Grace Charles the IX declared out of his Minority The Scotch Affairs HAVING thus dispatched what concerns the first French War year 1562 I now return to the Affairs of the Rest of Christendom in the Year 1562. And here I will first begin with the History of the Council of Trent Whilst the recalling this Council was agitated with great heat The Cardinal of Ferrara leaves France the Cardinal of Ferrara the Pope's Legate in France after the Revocation of the Edict of January seeing all things there in the state he desired he took his leave of the King and returned into Italy Before he went however he took care to furnish the King with Money to carry on the Siege of Orleans which he took up of the Bankers of Paris He had raised a vast Expectation of this Council in the minds of all those who had yet any Kindness left in their Hearts for the See of Rome and the more because they thought the Edict of January which had caused the War would then fall of Course it being made only by way of Provision till a Council should determine otherwise As the Cardinal was in his Journey Fifty Horsemen came out of Orleans under the Command of one Monsieur Dampier and surprized all his Mules Horses and Treasures and when he sent a Trumpeter to demand them again the Prince of Conde made Answer That this magnificent and warlike Equipage did not befit Pastors and the Successors of St. Peter but rather Commanders and Generals of War who were in Arms for Religion Yet if he pleased to recal the 200000. Crowns which he had furnished the Triumvirate with to carry on the War against him and the Italian Forces out of France he would then restore all he had taken to his Eminence The Council which was appointed to meet at Easter of the former Year was delay'd to the beginning of this The Causes of the Delay of the Council the Pope putting it off because he was as much afraid of the Spanish Bishops as of the French National Council He had been necessitated to grant great Contributions to King Philip to be levied upon his Clergy and he thought the Bishops would on that score come with exasperated Minds to the Council and all his Thoughts were bent on the keeping the Papal Power undiminished rather than on satisfying the just Compaints of the Nations At last being forced by an unresistable necessity he sent Hercules Gonzaga The Pope's Legates sent to Trent Jerom Seripand and Stanislaus Hosio out of his Bosom to be his Legates at Trent And not long after he
Writes a Letter to D. Maurice 's Subjects 586. Renews the War against the D. of Brunswick 591. Is routed by him Ibid. He retires towards France 592. He is Proscribed 594. Sues in vain to have it taken off 595. He Remonstrates to the Diet of Ausburg against the Norembergers 599. By continuing the War he is at last Outed of all 601. Goes into France 604. Writes to the Diet at Frankfort Ibid. Albert Count Mansfield goes against Muncer's Rabble 84. He routs them Ibid. Albert of Brunswick killed 404. Albertus Magnus vide Aquinas Aleander Hieronymus sent against Luther to Frederick by the Pope 38. Made a Cardinal 39. Alexander de Medicis recovers Florence 132. is killed by his Kinsman Lorenzo Medicis 209. Alaski sent by Ferdinand Ambassador to Solyman 270. Imprisoned by him 271. Aloisia Mother to Francis I. writes to Pope Clement during his Captivity 98. Makes a League with Henry the VIII 102. Amstorfius vide John Frederick Elector of Saxony Anabaptists their Original 110. Their Doctrines at Munster 190. Their Book called the Restitution 196. Their Supper Ibid. their 28 Apostles Ibid. Who were all Executed 197. They write to the Landgrave 198. Their Hellish Doctrines Ibid. Their Book of the Mysteries of Christ 199. Angelical Doctor vide Aquinas Anne Boleyne Wife to Hen. VIII Beheaded 208. Anthony D. of Lorrain forbids his Subjects to read Luther 's Books 75. Defeats the Boors in his Country 81. Kills 18000 of them Ibid. Of which many after Promise of Life was granted Ibid. He negotiates a Peace between the Emperor and French King in vain 320. Dies 327. Antinomians their Original 244. Apparition of Ghosts frequent in the times of Popery 172. Aquinas Tho. chiefly quoted to prove Indulgences 3. Studied at Cologne and Paris 4. Scholar to Albertus Magnus Ibid. Sainted by Pope John XXII Ibid. Dies An. 1274. Ibid. Called Angelical Doctor Ibid. Arbitrators Elector of Mentz and Prince Palatine chosen to mediate between the Protestant Princes and the Emperor 154. Their Answer to the Prince's Propositions 158. Aristotle better used by the Lovain Doctors than Luther 29. Arnstadt a Town in Thuringia a Convention of Protestants there 251. Arras vide Anthony Perenot Granvell D'Avalos Ferd. Marquess of Pescara heartens the Imperialists to Fight at Pevia 79. Accuses the French King 295. Augsburg a Diet there 4. The Diet at Ausburg removed to Spire 97. They embrace the Protestant Religion 109. Commissioners to frame a Decree there 135. The Tenor of it Ibid. The Decree of that Diet 139. They publish a Book against the Ecclesiasticks 212. They promise to lend no more money to the Emperor 389. They capitulate with the Emperor 418. A Diet called to Ausburg 435. It is an Armed Diet 437. It is opened Ibid. A Decree there about a free Council 467. Another Armed Diet at Augsburg 499. The Decree of the Diet about a Council 512. Their Divines examined of a sudden by Granvell and sent out of Germany 516. Is surrendred to D. Maurice and the Confederate Princes 555. Great Contests about Religion in the Diet 621. The Allegations of the Papists against the Protestants 622. The Decree of the Diet 626. Augsburg Cardinal of vindicates himself 633. Augustane Confession read to Charles the Fifth 129. Oppugned by the Popish Divines 130. Augustine Monks at Wittemberg forbear saying Mass 49. Two Augustine Friars examined at Brussels 63. Burnt 64. Augustus succeeds his Brother Maurice in the Electorate of Saxony 587. Calls a Convention of his States what 's their Answer to his Proposals Ibid. Refuses to appear at the Diet of Ausburg 612. Austrian Nobility Petition Ferdinand for Liberty of Conscience 285. They renew their Instances 287. They Address again 628. Their Reply to Ferdinand 's Answer 630. Ferdinand 's Answer to their Reply 632. B BAden a Disputation there of both Parties of Switzers 105. The Points disputed of Ibid. Bamberg Wigand Bishop of Quarrels with the Elector of Brandenburg 152. Barbarossa the Turkish Admiral takes Castlenovo 251. Lies with his Fleet at Thoulon 314. He Besieges the Castle of Nizza Ibid. When he could not take it he retires to Thoulon 316. As he retires from Thoulon makes sad ravages in Italy 326. Barnes Rich. Burnt at London 269. Basil Council asserted the Superiority of Councils to a Pope 10. Occolampadius Preaches there 76. Great Dissentions about Religion 116. Images broken down and burnt upon Ash-Wednesday 117 Mass abolished there Ibid. The Form of the safe Conduct which was granted at the Council of Basil 539. Bavaria the Dukes oppose the Election of Ferdinand King of the Romans 158. The D. of Bavaria intercedes for the D. of Brunswick 307. Beaton David Cardinal Arch-Bishop of St. Andrews killed 382. Becken Otho gives the Landgrave of Hesse an Account of a Confederacy of the German Princes 114. Beghardi vide Picards Belgrade vide Solyman Bellay Sieur de Langey sent by K. Francis to Smalcald 183. His Speech to the Protestants there Ibid. Dies 309. S. Bernard his Letter to P. Eugenius 24. Bern the Cantons of Bern desire a Publick Dispute at Bern 110. They Publish Theses of Disputation 111. There is a Disputation held Ibid. They abolish Popery 112. They join with the Zurichers to stop Provisions to the other Cantons 155. They are slack in sending the Zurichers Relief 156. Bichling Count condemned to die for siding with the French 326. Is pardoned Ibid. Blancer Ambrose disputes at Bern 111. Preaches up the Reformed Religion at Constance 112. Leaves his Monastery Ibid. Assists Bucer in constituting a Protestant Church at Ulm. 149. Bohemians Communicate in both Kinds 26. Their Suppression consulted about in the Fourth Lateran Council 27. Sects amongst them 53. They invade Saxony unwillingly 408. They return Home 409. They refuse to Fight against the Elector of Saxony 417. The Nobility of Prague desire a Convention to be called 420. A League amongst them Ibid. They Write to Ferdinand and Duke Maurice 423. They Write to the Moravians to defend their Liberties 424. They Write to Ferdinand interceding for the Duke of Saxony 425. And prepare for War. Ibid. They stand by the Duke of Saxony 426. They promise to comply 427. Pope Boniface the 8th appointed a Jubile every 100 Years 9. Book Printed in French against the Hucksters of Sacred things 178. An Account of it Ibid. Boors rise in Swaben 76. Are quieted Ibid. Rise again there 79. Publish their Demands Ibid. They treat with the Deputies of the Empire at Ulm. 80. They are Routed by George Truchses at Lippen Ibid. The Boors in Algow disperse themselves Ibid. They Rise in Franconia Ibid. Killed Count Helfenstein at Winsperg Ibid. Are Routed by Truchses 81. He punishes those who killed Count Helfenstein Ib. Another body takes Wirtzburg Ibid. Are Routed by Truchses Ibid. Vp in Lorrain Ibid. There Defeated Ibid. And every where else in Germany Ibid. Many killed Treacherously after Promise of Life Ibid. The demands of the Boors in Schwabia 90. Bourbon vide Charles D. of Bourdeaux a
College of Cardinals 107. He answers the Confederates Proposals 109. He leaves off publick Sports when he understood that Rome was taken 109. Accuses the French King of Breach of Faith 112. Answers the French King's Challenge 115. Calls a Synod to be held at Spire ibid. Answers the Protestant Ambassadors at Piacenza 124. Confines the Protestant Ambassadors to their Lodgings 125. Calls a Diet at Augsbourg 126. Is Crowned at Rome by the Pope ibid. Makes his Entry into Augsbourg 127. Makes a Speech to the Princes of the Diet ibid. Consents at last that the Augustane Confession should be read to him 129. His Speech to the Princes 133. He threatens the Protestant Princes 134. Debates with them about a Decree 135. As also with the Deputies of particular Cities 138. Denies the Liberty which the Protestants demanded 139. Rescinds Albert of Brandenburg 's Transactions with the King of Poland ibid. Calls the Electors together to choose a K. of the Romans at Cologne 142. His Reasons for choosing a King of the Romans 143. He commands the Protestants to acknowledge Ferdinand King of the Romans 148. He gives them notice of a Turkish Invasion ibid. Calls a Diet at Spire 152. Removes it to Ratisbon 155. And confirms a Peace there to all Protestants 160. Sollicites for aid against the Turks to little purpose 161. Goes to Italy 162. Writes into Germany to obey Ferdinand ibid. Makes a League with Pope Clement ibid. His Ambassador goes with the Pope's Legate to the D. of Saxony ibid. His Ambassador's Speech to the Duke 163. Stands to the determination of Ferdinand concerning the D. of Wirtemberg 174. Goes into Africa 180. Takes Goletta ibid. Restores Muley Hazem to the Kingdom of Tunis ibid. Encourages the Prosecutions of the Imperial Chamber 184. His Speech against the French King 204. Writes to the Protestants in Germany 208. Is unsuccessful in France ibid. Sends Eldo his Ambassador to Smalcald to treat with the Protestants 212. Makes a Truce with the King of France 232. Meets Francis at Aigues Mortes 239. Accommodates with the Protestants at Francfort 248. Goes through France into Flanders 252. His Answer to the Protestants Ambassadors 255. He punishes the City of Ghent for its Insurrection 262. He writes to the Elector of Saxony and the Landgrave about a Peace 263. Denies the D. of Cleve's Petition 266. Confirms the Decree at Haguenaw 269. Invites the Protestants to meet at Wormes ibid. He dissolves the Conference at Wormes 272. Appoints Persons to conferr at Ratisbon 276. His Exhortations to them ibid. Referrs Religious Matters to a Council 282. He makes a Private Grant to the Protestants 283. Complains of the D. of Cleve ibid. Sails into Africk 285. Loses his Fleet by a Storm ibid. Writes to the Senate at Metz to allow no Change in Religion 298. His Manifesto against the French King to the Pope 300. His Answer to the Cardinals of the Mediation who were sent by the Pope 303. His Soldiers waste Juliers and take Duren ibid. Writes to the Protestants from Genoa 311. Has an Interview with the Pope 312. Refuses to Confirm Parma and Piacenza to the Pope's Son ibid. Delivers Leghorn and the Castle of Florence to Cosmo Medicis ibid. Makes his Son King of Spain ibid. Makes a League with the K. of England ibid. Answers the Protestants Ambassadors from Smalcald ibid. Refuses to make up the Business with the D. of Cleve 313. He threatens the Hildesheymers ibid. Writes to the Senate of Cologne ibid. Goes to Bonne 314. Makes a prosperous War upon the Duke of Cleve 315. Restores him upon his Submission ibid. Sends to the City of Metz to renounce the Reform'd Religion 316. Goes into Guelderland 317. Makes the French yield at Landrecy ibid. Answers the Saxons and Landgrave's Letter ibid. Opens the Diet of Spire with a Speech ibid. Waves the Controversie between the D. of Brunswick and the Confederate Protestants 319. His Expedition into France 326. Makes a Pacification with the French King 327. Makes Severe Edicts against the Lutherans in the Netherlands 342. Comes to Wormes 348. His Embassadors to the K. of Poland ibid. Endeavours a Treaty of Peace with the Protestants 349. Makes a Truce with the Turk 351. Takes the Clergy of Cologne into his Protection ibid. Cites the Archbishop of Cologne ibid. Writes to the Doctors of the Conference at Ratisbon 359. Answers the Protestant Ambassadors about the Elector of Cologne 360. He goes to Spire on his way to Ratisbon 367. Treats with the Landgrave and the Elector Palatine there 368. Comes to Ratisbon 374. Opens the Diet ibid. Sends the Cardinal of Trent to Rome to sollicite for assistance 375. Makes Preparation for War ibid. Answers the Protestant Deputies 376. Writes to the Protestant Free Cities ibid. Writes to the Duke of Wirtemberg 377. He sends an Embassie to the Switzers 380. Makes a League against the Reformed 381. Acquaints the Elector Palatine with the Reasons why he made War upon the Protestants 383. His Letter to the Archbishop of Cologne 385. His Forces at Ratisbon 389. He Outlaws the Elector of Saxony and the Landgrave ibid. Invites D. Maurice to take Possession of the Landgrave's and the Saxon 's Territories 391. Refuses to hear the Protestant Messengers 394. And answers their Objections ib. Is joined by the Pope's Troops ibid. An account of his Army 395. He marches to Ratisbon ibid. His great Courage 398. He and the Pope pretend different causes of the War Ibid. His Letter to the Protestant Switzers Ibid. He takes Donawert by Surrender 405. Is Master of the Danube 406. Is oppressed at Gienghen a Town on the Danube and uses Tricks to get off 407. The Plague in his Camp Ibid. Removes his Camp 410. Recovers by Surrender several Towns in Frankenland 412. Writes a severe Letter to the Duke of Wirtemberg Ibid. Commands his Subjects not to obey him 413. Takes Ulm by Surrender Ibid. Is reconciled to the Duke of Wirtemberg 415. Several Protestant Cities yield to him 416. Goes to Ulm 417. He receives Lindaw and Esling into favour Ibid. Commands the Arch-Bishop of Cologne to stand by the Popes Sentence Ibid. He raises Forces against the Elector of Saxony 419. He receives the Strasburghers Submission 423. His Letters to the States of D. Maurice Ibid. And to those of Prague Ibid. Another Letter of his to the States of Bohemia 425. His Expedition against the Duke of Saxony 426. His celerity in overtaking him 427. Defeats him and takes him Prisoner Ibid. Condemns the Duke of Saxony to Death Ibid. Proposes conditions of Peace to him and calls a Diet at Ulm 428. Proposes Conditions of Peace to the Landgrave 430. Answers the Landgrave at Hall 432. Detains him Prisoner treacherously 433. Intends to fall upon Magdebourg but is diverted by Vogelsberg's raising Troops in Germany 434. Is reconciled to some Towns in Saxony 435. Publishes his Pacification with the Landgrave Ibid. Squeezes Money from the Germans 436. And proscribes Magdebourg Ibid. Solicites the Switzers to make a
In the Year 1556 the Thirty first of July Ignatius Loyola the Founder of the Order of Jesuites died in the Sixty fifth year of his Age. He was born in Spain and at first served as a Soldier which Employment he deserted in the Year 1521 upon a Wound received at Pampelune In the Year 1528 he began to gather Companions In the Year 1534 or 35 this Order was first framed by him and in the Year 1609 he was Canonized by Pope Paul IV. And as Petavius saith it was confirm'd by Paul III in 1540 the Twenty seventh of September James Lainez a Spaniard was this Year his Successor and the second General of that Order which had then obtain'd One hundred Colleges in several Parts of Christendom as one of that Society assures us In the beginning of this year Albert the Son of Casimir Marquis of Brandenburg year 1557 having lately by the Interposition of some of the Princes obtain'd leave from the Dyet to return into Germany to defend his Case Albert Marquis of Brandenburg dies and sojourning then with Charles Marquis of Baden at Pforzheim in Schwartzwalt being extremely worn out with the Troubles of his Affairs and a Disease which sprung from the Intemperance of his former Life died the Eighth Day of January This Prince was an Illustrious Example of the Instability of Human Greatness and of the Divine Justice For He that was once surrounded with so many Thousands of Fighting Men that his Name was terrible to all Men and almost the whole German Empire lay exposed to his Ravage at last by a change of his Fortunes was deserted by all Men and now ended his Life in great Misery and Poverty being despised by his very Enemies as the great Thuanus represents it The Eleventh of March the Dyet began at Ratisbonne the last year was ended In it there was a Decree of Recess made That a Friendly Conference should be held the Fourteenth of August at Wormes for the putting an End to the Differences of Religion That a double Supply of Eight Months should be granted to King Ferdinaud to enable him to carry on the War against the Turks That the Peace of Religion and that of the State should be preserved with great and exact care and for the Renewing the Imperial Chamber of Spire which is the Supreme Court of the Empire In April died John Count Palatin of Simeren President of the said Imperial Chamber and the Father of Frederick who about two years after succeeded Otho Henry in the Palatinate of the Rhine He was a Prince of great Learning and managed this Trust with the highest Commendations both for his Prudence and Justice Soon after the great Controversie between the Families of Nassaw and Hesse The County of Catzenellobogen setled by Agreement which had been depending Fifty Years and is often mention'd by Sleidan concerning the County of Catzenellobogen was friendly ended at Frankfort upon the Main by the Interposition and Mediation of Otho Henry and Augustus Electors William Duke of Cleves and others who were made Judges in this Affair for both Parties the Landgrave of Hesse by their award retaining that County upon paying to William Prince of Orange 1600 Crowns and resigning up to him the Earldom of Diez for 1050 Crowns When the time of the Conference appointed by the Dyet drew near the Divines who were of the Agustane Confession had a Meeting at Frankford on the Main the First of August to adjust their own private Differences before they entred into a Conference with the Roman Catholicks The Conference at Wormes so that this latter was not begun till the beginning of September At the opening of it Julius Pflug Bishop of Naumburg who was President in this Conference desired those of the Augustane Confession that they would in the first place shew openly their Disagreement with and Detestation of the Zuinglians Osiandrians Synergists and Adiaphorists Because the Peace of Religion was only granted to those of the Augustane Confession by the Dyet and this Conference was appointed with none but them and the Emperor besides knew that most of them had Orders to do this That therefore some benefit at least might result from this Conference they would once for all by a common consent condemn these Errors and there would be much less danger and difficulty in the rest The younger Ministers and Deputies of Saxony easily assented and producing their Instructions were very forward to separate the Augustane Confession from these Errors But Philip Melancthon an old wise Man who saw the drift of this cunning Gamester said the Examination and Explication of their several Doctrins ought to go before the Determination and Condemnation of them and that till this was done they ought not to be condemned The Roman Catholicks who were weary of the Conference thereupon would go no further in it till they had given an Account of this to the Emperor Ferdinand commanded them to go on and said it was enough if in the Progress of the Conference when they had explained the several Articles they did at last remark what was disallowed by the common consent in each of them But the Bishop of Naumburg refusing to go on except he were first certain of the Faith of those he was to dispute with the Conference broke up without effect when there had only been some Papers exchanged between them concerning the Rule of Judging Controversies and Original Sin. And all the blame was by the Roman Catholicks thrown upon the Divisions which were among them Thus far Thuanus Now the design of this Condemnation was a Division of the Protestant Interest that whereas they were too many for the Romau Catholicks while they were united they might hâ—ave the Consent of those of the Augustane Confession to ruin the Zuinglians and then they should with the less difficulty extirpate by the Sword the Lutherans too and in the mean time they knew very well they were never able to convince them by a Disputation when it was utterly impossible they should ever agree about the Rule that was to end these Differences the Roman Catholicks Assigning the perpetual Consent of the Church And the Lutherans the Old and New Testaments and the Ancient Creeds and allowing no other Writings but as far as they agreed with these some Ages being purer than others Certainly no wise Man of either Side ever did think that any of these Conferences could put an end to these Controversies though they have made use of them to promote by Ends. And that Side that was uppermost hath ever yet reaped the Advantage and so it will be till God himself put an End to this Controversie But to return now to the War between France and Spain The War between France and Spain The Truce being broken by the Attempt upon Doway which I have mention'd already the War went heavily on because the Flower of the Nobility and Gentry were gone with the Duke of Guise into Italy which had
the River and would not stay for it fearing the French might in the mean time escape him dividing his Horse into five Parts he commanded the Light Horse to begin the Fight his Foot were divided into three Parts according to their Nations Flemings Germans and Spaniards He himself was one of the first that charged the Gasconers who at first stood their ground stoutly and Count Egmont's Horse was slain under him but his Army being most in number when they came to close Fight Horse to Horse and Foot to Foot the Flemings being much encouraged by the hopes of Victory and the French despairing of any other Escape the Fight was a long time doubtful the Gasconers fought manfully the Germans were only Spectators and the French Horse could do little for want of Ground in the very heat of the Battel twelve English Ships coming up put an end to the Fight by gauling the French on the Right Wing with their Canon on that side they thought themselves most secure Fifteen hundred were kill'd in the Fight and many more perished in the Flight being knock'd on the head by the Peasants who were inraged by their Rapins others were drown'd and Thermes Villebone Senarpont the Count of Chaulness and Merviliers were taken Prisoners and the English Fleet took up Two hundred in the Sea and carried them into England to the Queen This Victory cost the Flemings Five hundred Men and was gain'd the Thirteenth of July The Duke of Guise hearing of this Defeat return'd to Pierre-pont in the Borders of Picardy and Champagne the Twenty eighth of July that he might be ready at hand to prevent any Attempt might be made on France The Townsmen meeting as the Custom is in a place call'd the Scholars Field without the Suburbs of St. German near Paris a few of them who were addicted to the Protestant Religion began to sing David's Psalms in French Metre thereupon the People began to leave their Sports and joyning with them sung the same Psalms After this a greater number and among them Anthony King of Navarr and Jonae his Lady who was already suspected to favour that Religion fell into the same Practice The Clergy were much allarm'd at this affirming that this new Invention was design'd to bring the ancient Custom which they had received from the Church of Rome their Mother of singing the Publick Service in the Latin Tongue into contempt by introducing the use of one understood by the meanest of the People Whereupon they represented this as very Seditious to the King who order'd an Enquiry after the Authors of it to be made and forbad the Use of this Custom for the future on pain of Death About the same time The English Fleet unsuccessful News was brought of the arrival of an English Fleet of an Hundred and twenty Ships upon the Coast of Normandy under the Lord Clinton Haure de Grace and Diepe being feared they sent the President of Boulogn to take care of those Places but the Fleet went on and at Conquet a Port of Britain the Thirty first of July they landed an Hundred and fifty Pesants at first opposing them but Seven thousand Men being landed and the Ships with their Cannon playing upon them the Inhabitants left the place and fled The English entred the Town and plundred it but Kersimont the Governor of that Province coming up with Six thousand which he had hastily raised he forced the English with the loss of Six hundred of their Men to return on board their Ships about an Hundrd of them fell into the hands of the French and among them one Hollander who told the Fnench that thirty Dutch Ships under the Command of one Wakenheim had joyn'd this Fleet at the Isle of Wight by the order of King Philip and that they were ordered to take Brest which the French thereupon fortified and took great care of Whereupon the Lord Clinton finding no Good was to be donc returned having made a very expensive and unprosperous Voyage The French by this time had got together a very great Army which the King saw drawn up near Pierre-pont and King Philip's was not less but then neither of these Princes were disposed to try the Hazards of the War any further and Montmorency having agreed for his Ransome at the rate of one hundred and sixty five thousand Crowns and being now grown old and averse from the Thoughts of War he and Christierna the Mother of the Duke of Loraine went to and for between the two Princes to promote a Treaty of Peace Vendosme Vidame of Chartres who was made Governour of Calais after Thermes was taken Prisoner The Treaty of Cambray began had a Design upon S. Omers but it was discovered and prevented In the middle of September Ambassadours from England France and Spain met at Cambray to treat of a Peace in good earnest and the first thing they agreeed upon was the withdrawing of the two Armies because they seemed very dissonant from the End of that Meeting The greatest Difficulty they met with was about Calais which the French were resolved to keep pretending it was an ancient Piece of their Dominions tho'lately recovered And the English on the other side would never consent to the Treaty if it were not restored But before this Contest could be brought to a conclusion Mary Queen of England dyed which ended the Controversie for the present and thereupon this Congress was dissolved and another Meeting appointed in the same Place in January following The fifth of November the English Parliament met The Parliament of England meet and Queen Mary dies but in a very ill Temper On the seventeenth day of that Month the Queen dyed in the forty third Year of her Age when she had reigned five Years four Months and eleven Days Her Death was for some Hours concealed and then it was communicated to the House of Lords by the Lord Chancellour who sent for the House of Commons and the Lord Chancellour signified to them also the Queen's Death and both Houses presently agreed to proclaim Elizabeth her Sister Queen wishing her a long and a happy reign The great Thuanus contrary to his Custom passeth over Queen Mary without any Character he could say little that was good of her and would say nothing that was ill Those of her own Religion are now so sensible of the Errors of her Government that they are more put to it for Apologies than Panigyricks on her Memory In Germany a Dyet was appointed to meet at Frankford the twenty fourth of February The German Affairs to which the Ambassadours named by Charles V before his Voyage into Spain came and delivered his Resignation of the Empire by which he had transferred his Authority to Ferdinand his Brother then King of the Romans to the Electors who after a short deliberation accepted the same and in a solemn manner elected and admitted Ferdinand to the Empire and afterwards crowned him After his return to
Omers Ipress Gant and Bruges and were put under the Archbishops of Cambray Mechlin and Vtrecht This change gave great offence to the Low-Countries who esteem'd itrather an Inslaving than an Honouring of their Country to have so many New Sees setled among them and the more because among other Reasons assigned by the Pope one was That these Countries were on all sides encompass'd with Nations which had cast off the See of Rome so that the Salvation of the Souls of this People was much endanger'd by Schism which rendred this Settlement hateful to all those who favour'd the Reformation so that this was one of the principal Causes of the War which followed which in the end proved fatal to many of these New Bishopricks In the interim this Consideration had that effect upon the Spirit of King Philip King Philip desirous of a Peace with France that he might be at leisure to extirpate Heresie that it greatly disposed him above all others to enter into a Treaty of Peace with France He saw that not only the Licence which attended a War but the vast number of Germans which he was forced to employ by their conversing with his Subjects in the Netherlands begat in them a good Opinion of Luther and the Reformation Henry II of France imprudently communicated to William of Nassaw Prince of Orange when he was Embassador for Philip in France when they were one day Hunting together That Design discover'd to the Prince of Orange That King Philip and he had agreed first to extirpate all the Sects which were then rising in the Netherlands and after that they would joyn their Arms and do the like in all other places which being discovered by that Prince to the Netherlanders they entred into Consultation for the preserving themselves from the Pride of the Spanish Government and made those insolent Demands of King Philp when he was going into Spain This Counsel was then generally attributed to the Cardinal of Lorain and Perrenot Bishop of Arras and all concluded That under the pretence of suppressing Heresie King Philip and Henry of France had laid a Design of Ruining the Civil Liberties of France and the Netherlands When the Commissioners met for the concluding the Treaty of Peace between these Princes they found themselves delivered from one difficulty the Restitution of Calais by the Death of Queen Mary of England but then Thionville Verdun and Toul three Imperial Cities had been taken in this War by the French and King Philip thought he was bound in Honour and by his Interest too to see them restored to the Empire and yet he saw the French were as well resolved to keep them Nor was indeed his Interest in the Restitution so great as that of the French was to keep them he having very effectually provided for his own Security and Benefit by the gaining other Places Hereupon these Princes by mutual consent The Dyet of Germany sent Embassadors to the Dyet of Germany began this Year the Twenty fifth of February at Ausburg The first thing that was done in them was the celebrating the Funeral of Charles V with great Solemnity His Encomium was pronounced by Lewis Madruse then Bishop of Trent and afterwards a Cardinal After this Ceremony an Account was given of the Conference at Wormes for the Reconciling the Differences of Religion and there appearing no hope of an Accommdation Ferdinand the Emperor promised he would take care to have the General Council renewed and that all should obey its Decrees and Determinations But the Deputies of the Duke of Saxony and of several other Princes of the Empire opposed this affirming that there being no hopes of restoring the Peace of the Church by a Popish Council Conditions proposed by the Protestants for a Council the Edicts of Passaw and Ansburg were religiously to be observed But the Emperor persisting in his former Opinion they said they were not against a Free and General Council in Germany so be it were legally assembled by the Emperor and not by the Pope and in which the Pope should appear as a Party subject to the Council and not as President and Judge of all others and provided the Bishops and Clergy might be freed from the Oath they had taken to the Pope that they might freely speak their Thoughts That the sacred Scriptures might be the only Rule by which they should judge and determin these Controversies rejecting all humane Traditions and Customs that were contrary to the Word of God If the Divines who had embraced the Augustane Confession might not only be heard but admitted to give their Votes in the Decision of these Controversies and have good Security given them for their going thither and that they should enjoy the Liberty granted them by the Decree of Ausburg without any fraud or violence That the Points in Dispute should not be determin'd as is usual in Civil Affairs by the Plurality of Votes but by the Rule and Prescription of the Word of God That in the first place the Decrees of the Council of Trent already made should be cancell'd as vitious and not legally assembled and that these things should be debated anew And lastly That if these things could not be obtain'd of the Pope the Emperor should maintain the Peace of Religion and the Edict of Passaw These were the Conditions the Protestants proposed for the holding of a Council The Emperior The Emperor Confirms the Peace of Passaw who despaired of reconciling the differences of Religion on these Terms and having no other way left him for preserving the Peace of Germany Confirm'd the Peace of Passaw After this they took into Consideration the Reduction of the Monies of Germany to their ancient value and purity and heard the Complaints of William of Furstemberg Great Master of the Knights of Livonia who obtain'd a Grant of an Hundred thousand Crowns for the Levying of an Army for their Protection against the Russ But this Sum seeming less than the necessity of their Affairs and of the Times required the Livonians neglected it and betook themselves to the Protection of Sigismund Augustus King of Poland to whom they assign'd Nine of their strongest Places upon condition that they might at any time redeem them by the payment of Six thousand Crowns which was confirm'd by a Treaty Signed and Sworn between them and the King of Poland After which Furstemberg resigned his Dignity to Gotard Ketler There was also a Complaint made by the Livonians against the Inhabitants of Lubeck Riga and Revel for furnishing the Russ who were the Enemies of Germany not only with all sorts of Merchandize imported by them to Narva a Town of Russia but also with Arms and Ammunition which for the future was by a Law made in this Dyet forbidden which was afterwards repeal'd The Twenty eighth of March The French Embassadors come to the Dyet the French Embassadors were introduced into the Dyet and after they had in an Elegant Speech
his Heart failed him and he either repented or durst not proceed in this Design Queen Catharine was already weary of the Insolence of the Guises and desirous to save the House of Bourbon as a Curb upon them to this purpose she gave order to the Chancellor to put what Rubs he could in their way The Guises in the mean time hastned the Tryal of Conde as much as was possible esteeming all Delays dangerous to them The sixteenth of November the King being abroad to hunt Francis II dies was taken extream ill which caused Montmorency to make the more haste to Court. The twenty sixth of that Month the Kings Disease grew very great and hopeless This turned the Rage and Fury of the Guises into Fear and Consternation when they considered what they should lose in the Death of that Prince Thereupon they began to work upon Queen Catharine by other Methods to flatter and crouch to her and to represent the King of Navarr and Prince of Conde as exasperated to that height by their late Sufferings that without doubt they would seek her Ruine but they for their Parts would stand by her and serve her with great Fidelity They desired therefore Navarr might be committed as well as his Brother had been before the King dyed The Chancellor prevented this by shewing in a grave Oration That it would certainly involve France in a Civil War. The fifth of December the King dyed having lived seventeen years and ten Months and reigned one Year five Months and twenty Days His Youth and the shortness of his Reign makes it uncertain whether he ought to be ranged with the Good or Bad Princes and the more because not he but the Guises governed This Accident changed the state of things and saved the Life of Conde Charles IX succeeds or rather the House of Bourbon Charles IX his Brother succeeded him and Navarr of a Prisoner became the second Person in that Kingdom Queen Catharine having adjusted all things with him before the late King died She sent Letters also to Montmorency who was not yet arrived at Orleans to hasten his coming to the new King because she was desirous to use his Counsel and Advice When he came to Orleans he asked the Centinels By whose Orders they were placed there and for what End and commanded them to be gone or he would hang them The Guards presently disappeared and then it was visible that the Guises and not the King needed them Though Conde was freed the same moment the King died The Prince of Conde fre'd yet he would not go out of his Prison till he knew his Accusers and Prosecutors to which the Guises replyed It was by the late King's Order and would explain the Mystery no further About twelve Days after he went to the Castle of Hane in Picardy and there attended the Orders of the new King. Francis the Second was buried with small State and less Expence to the great hatred of the Guises who in the mean time were very busie to revive the Differences between Queen Catharine and the King of Navarr who wisely prevented their Design by offering the first Place to the Queen and reserving the second to himself as President of the Kingdom This passed into a Decree the twenty first of December The Protestant Religion The Protestant Religion breaks out in the Netherlands which had got such footing in France that it seemed not possible to root it out without the Ruine of that Kingdom began this Year to shew it self more openly in Flanders and the Netherlands the Nobility espousing it in great numbers together with the rest of the States Nor could Margaret their Governess under King Philip obtain the continuance of the Taxes for the maintenance of the Spanish Forces Nor would they of Zealand acquiesce tho the Pay was sent from other Places till these Troops were sent into Spain Nor would they grant any Supplies to be disposed of by the Governess but reserved that to themselves that the Soldiers in the Frontier Towns might be certainly and regularly paid This was vigorously opposed by the new Bishops instituted by Paul IV as tending to the remitting the Reins of the Ecclesiastical Government as well as the Civil Bartholomeo Caranza The Archbishop of Toledo suspected to be a Lutheran Archbishop of Toledo in Spain was also suspected to incline to the Protestant Religion and on that account was imprisoned by the Inquisition and his Revenues were brought into the King's Treasure By an Appeal to Rome he saved his Life but was never able to recover his See again but died many Years after at Rome in a Private State. Thuanus saith He knew him and that his Learning Integrity and the Holiness of his Conversation was such as made him worthy of that Dignity The great Progress of the Protestant Religion in all Places A General Council desired by many and opposed by the Pope made all Good Men saith Thuanus desire that the General Council which had been intermitted might be reassumed and carried on but Pope Pius IV had the same Fears of it his Predecessors had lest his own Power should be abated And therefore though he judged this the only means to root out Heresies and very necessary yet he delayed it and unless he were compelled by Force or some present Danger it was apparent he would never admit it But having resolved on the other side right or wrong by Force or Fraud to accomplish his own Desires and hoping to reap great Advantages from the Ruine of the Caraffa's though he had been much assisted by them in the obtaining of the Papacy he applied himself to this with great Application and Industry But prosecutes the Caraffa's to ruine and under the Mask of Friendship And having laid his Plot he committed Charles Caraffa the Cardinal and his Kinsman the Cardinal of Naples to the Castle of S. Angelo But Anthony Marquess de Monte Bello being then not at Rome though cited also escaped the Danger and fled for his Life Though daily Accounts came to Rome of the Tumults and Disorders of France the Pope took no notice of them Though the Duke of Florence who was great with him for he pretended to be descended of that Family did very much urge his Holiness to consider the State of Affairs in France and Scotland And told him It was Uncharitable to see so many thousands of Souls Lost and Impolitick to necessitate Princes by the despair of a General Council to betake themselves to National Synods This was much inforced by the Noise the Speech of the Chancellor of France had made in the late Assembly which was then very hot in Italy He had among other things assured the French Clergy That if the Pope would not hold a General there should very speedily be a National Council assembled in France and had exhorted all the Bishops to prepare themselves for it To this the Pope answered with great anxiety seeking
ever since spread it self for in the 1517 Luther Zuinglius and Oecolampadius set up and Calvin followed them This Speech incensed the whole Assembly against him and especially the Protestants who published so many Libels and Satyrs against him that he soon after died of Shame and Grief He was no ill Man but was a better Decretalist than a Divine and had never well thought whether a Reformation were needfull or no But then it ought also to have been considered that he did not speak his own Single judgment but had his matter prescribed him by the Clergy for whom he spoke After some days the King Signified to the Bishops that they should prepare themselves for the Council which was now recall'd at Trent and the Judges and Prefects were commanded to discharge all that were Imprison'd for Religion only and leave all that were suspected the free injoyment of their Estates and Goods And it was made Capital to reproach or injure one the other on the Account of Religion After which the Assemly was Prorogued to the Month of May of the next Year There was in Piedmont a Valley called by the Name of Perosia and St. Martin Inhabited by about 15000 Souls whose Ancestors about 400 Years since had upon the Preaching of Waldus The Persecution in Piedmont which Occasioneth a War. Speronus and Arnaldus made a defection from the Church of Rome and had at times been severely treated for it by the French under whom they had been but by the last Treaty were assigned to the Duke of Savoy This People about the Year 1555 had imbraced the Reformation and had suffered it to be publickly preached tho it was forbidden by the Council at Turin which the Year following sent one of its own Members to inquire after the Offenders and to punish them to whom the Inhabitants of this Valley delivered the Confession of their Faith Declaring that they profess'd the Doctrin contained in the Old and New Testament and comprehended in the Apostles Creed and admitted the Sacraments Instituted by Christ the IV first Councils viz. those of Nice Constantinople Ephesus and Chalcedon and the Ten Commandments c. That they believed the Supreme civil Magistrates were Instituted by God and they were to be obeyed and that who soever resisted them sought against God. They said they had received this Doctrin from their Ancestors and that if they were in any error they were ready to receive instruction from the Word of God and would presently renounce any heretical or erroneous Doctrin which should be so shewen to them Thereupon a Solemn Dispute was in shew appointed concerning the Sacrifice of the Mass Auricular Confession Tradition Prayers and Oblations for the Dead and the Ceremonies of the Church and her Censures all which were rejected by them they alledging that they were humane Inventions and contrary to the Word of God. This Confession was sent by the Duke of Savoy to the King of France who about a year after return'd Answer That he had caused it to be Examin'd by his learned Divines who had all condemn'd it as Erroneous and contrary to true Religion and therefore the King commanded them to reject this Confession and to Submit to the Holy Church of Rome and if they did not do so their Persons and Estates should be Confiscated But they on the contrary were resolved to stand by their former Confession They were thereupon commanded not to admit any Teacher who was not sent by the Archbishop of Turin or the Council there and that if any Teachers came among them from Geneva they should discover or apprehend them upon pain of Death and loss of all they had For three years after this the people of this Perswasion were let alone and no way molested but this Year the Duke of Savoy much against his will and Inclination was drawn by the Pope to make a War upon them In the begining of March Jean de Carquignau and one Mathurim and his Wife were taken and burnt and several of the Neighbour Valleys were Plundred several of the Inhabitants were put to death and about Sixty sent to the Gallies and some recanted and profess'd the Roman Catholick Religion After this one Thomas Jacomel a Dominican was sent with one Turbis for his Assistant who was a bloody man to inquire diligently and severely into all that were suspected but the Nobility interposing there was no great Severity shewn The Monks of the Abbey of Pignoral which was seated in the Entry of the Valley on the other side kept a parcel of Souldiers in Pay and trapping as many of these Poor People as they could as they passed to and fro they used them very cruelly and some others of the Nobility did the same thing and a Sedition following upon it they fined the poor Inhabitants One Thousand six Hundred Crowns Upon this a sharp war insued which ended in the Ruine of the Aggressors of the Church of Rome The Pastor also of Perosia was taken and burnt with a slow Fire with many of his Flock and the Inhabitants were spoiled of all they had and forced to flee to the Mountains Being thus inraged with hard Usages in the Month of July Fifty of them set upon One Hundred and Twenty Souldiers belonging to the Abbey of Pignoral put them to flight and flew the greatest part of them and about Four Hundred more of their party coming up they took the Abbey of Pignoral and delivered all their people which were imprisoned there In October following News being brought that the Duke of Savoy was sending an Army to destroy them They resolved that it was not lawful to take Arms against their Prince but that they would take what they could carry away and betake themselves to the Mountains and there attend the good pleasure of God who never forsakes his own and can turn the Hearts of Princes which way he pleaseth There was not one Man amongst them who repined against this Decree In after times they had Pastors who taught them otherwise and told them it was not their Prince but the Pope that they resisted and that they fought not for their Religion but for their Wives and Children The second of November the Forces of the Duke of Savoy entered their Borders and the Soldiers attempting to get above them they betook themselves to their Slings and maintained a Fight against them though they were but few in number the space of a whole day with no great loss At last the General finding they were not to be forced gave them leave to Petition the Duke of Savoy That they might live in Peace assuring him that nothing but utter ruin coald have forced them to take Arms against him for which they humbly implored his Highness's Pardon and begging the Liberty of their Consciences and that they might not be forced to submit to the Traditions of the Church of Rome but might with his good leave enjoy the Religion they had learned from their Ancestors This
the continual labours of the Siege Montgomery and the greatest part of the English and Scotch shipped themselves in a Galley and breaking the Chain which the Besiegers had drawn cross the River they escaped to Haure de Grace There were slain in this Siege about 4000 Men on both sides The 17th of November He dyes the King of Navar died of his Wounds having received the Sacrament according to the Custom of the Church of Rome but blaming his own wavering and unconstant temper in the matters of Religion and saying If he recovered he would embrace the Augustane Confession and live and dye in it He was a person of great Beauty of a generous and liberal Disposition a good Soldier just and fit for business but too much addicted to Pleasures which at last proved fatal to him and drew him into this War. The Queen had entered a Treaty with the Inhabitants of Diep for the recovery of that place before Roan was taken and they were amazed with the Dangers that City was in Diep surrender'd to the King. and the depredations the German and French Horse made upon them that so soon as they heard Roan was taken they sent a Petition to the King who granted them all that they desired but the publick Exercise of their Religion Whereupon part of them went away with the English and the rest retired to Antwerp and other places in the Low-Countries So the Town was delivered up to the young Montmorancy the second of November who obtained leave from the Queen And also Caen. for them to meet privately for the Exercise of their Religion The same Conditions were granted to them of Caen. The next Care was to clear Haure de Grace of the English whither the Earl of Warwick came two days after the surrender of Roan Diep retaken by the Protestants The 20th of December the Protestants surprized Diep again without any considerable opposition the Inhabitants no way consenting to it and excusing it to the Queen as done without their aid knowledge or consent and thereupon great numbers of them went into the Low-Countries fearing they should be treated with the same Cruelty as they of Roan had been when that City was taken for which they were ill used by Montgomery who was the procurer of this Surprize The News of the loss of Roan The Protestants beaten in Guienne was brought to the Prince of Condé when he was in great pain for Andelett sent by him into Germany to bring him some Protestant Forces This ill News came attended with the defeat of Monsieur de Burie in which 2000 were slain in the Field and many more lost in the Retreat the 9th of October The same day this Victory was won at La Ver in Guienne Monsieur de Bazourdan attempted to surprize Montauban in the night which proved ineffectual and he lost 200 of his Men in this design From thence they marched to Tholose which was then also in the hands of the Protestants and reduced to great Extremities but the Inhabitants being supported by the frequent Sermons of their Pastors were encouraged to hold out and on the contrary the Sieur de Terride thought it a great disparagement to be baffled here too and grew stubborn in his Resolves to carry this place because his Forces had miscarried at Montauban and so the Siege was continued till the Pacification in April following In this Siege Sazourdan was slain the 22th of October by a Shot from the Town The Sieur d'Andelott Andelot hardly obtains Succours in Germany who was sent into Germany to obtain Succours met with great Difficulties the Court of France having sent one Envoy after another to break his Measures and render the Protestant Princes averse to War And when the Emperour had called a Diet to meet in November for the choosing Maximilian his Son King of the Romans the Prince of Condé sent one Jaques Spifame heretofore Bishop of Nevers an eloquent and brisk Man who gave in the Confession of Faith published by the French Protestants in the Assembly of the States for the vindicating them from the aspersions of those monstrous Opinions which their Enemies had raised from them He also made three elegant Speeches one to the Emperour one to Maximilian in his Bed-Chamber and one to the three Estates to purge the Prince of Condé of the Suspicion of Rebellion and shew that the War was began by the Order of the Queen and for the delivery of the King out of Restraint The Landtgrave of Hess in the mean time the 10th of October had assembled at Bucarat 3000 Horse and 4000 Foot to which the Prince de Porcean brought in 100 of the French Nobility on Horse-back as far as Strasburg D'Andelott was then afflicted with a Tertian Ague yet he travelled with that Industry that he arrived at Orleans the 6th of November bringing up with him besides 300 Horse and 1500 Foot which had escaped from the Rout at Ver. And very welcom they were the taking of Roan and the defeat of Ver having reduced their Reputation Forces The Prince of Conde takes the Field and Hopes to a very low ebb The Prince of Condé hereupon marching out of Orleans the first of November with the whole Army and a Train of Artillery consisting of 8 Pieces the 11th of November he took Pluviers in the Forrest of Orleans Pluviers taken by the Prince of Conde a populous Town by Surrender and because they had presumed to defend it with 4 Foot Companies he hanged two of the Captains and all the Priests he found in it and disarm'd the Common Soldiers and made them take an Oath that they should not hereafter bear Arms against him In this place he found great quantities of Provisions part of which he sent to Orleans and reserved the rest for the use of his Army The Terror of this prevailed so far upon the Garison of Baugy that they durst not stay for a Summons but retired to Chasteaudun Montmorancy and the Duke of Guise were by this time returned from Roan to Paris and the Mareschal de St. Andre having in vain endeavoured to stop the passage of Monsieur d'Andelott was come back to Sens a City he suspected from whence he went to Estampes but hearing the Prince of Condé was near he left two Companies to defend that place who soon surrendered it and retired towards Paris Here also the Prince found great quantities of Provisions which were of great use to his Army Here the Prince of Condé entered into a Consultation whether they should march away for Paris and take and rifle the Suburbs of that great City But the King Queen and a numerous Army being there they concluded the City could not be taken and consequently that this Ravage would turn to their damage and disgrace and make a Peace difficult if not impossible when so many innocent People had been ruin'd and undone To all this Francis Lanoy added that there was an
full to praise Fasting and admonish others to be content with one Benefice The French King had sent Francis de Bolliers Sieur de Manes to dissipate and remove this Jealousie of the Pope's at the approach of the French Bishops and to acquaint his Holiness with his Intentions For that it was commonly said That the Cardinal was sent to get the Transactions in the Conference of Poisey last Year confirm'd by the Synod That the Cup might be granted to the Laity That the Clergy might be allowed Matrimony That the Liturgy might be in the Vulgar Tongue That the Bishops might have but one Diocess and that none should be Elected to that Dignity who could not Preach to the People As to the first Manes excused the Conference of Poisey and said It was appointed by the Queen and the Cardinal for the gaining time and the retarding or keeping back those intestine Commotions they foresaw and for the stopping the Mouths of the Sectaries who complained every where that their Reasons had never been heard That they designed in the Interim to levy Forces so that if they could not convince the Sectaries by Reason they might by force reduce them to their Duty That nothing was done in that Conference And as to the other Points the Cardinal and French Clergy had no other Instructions than what had been sent to the Ambassadors of France and that they brought no prejudged Opinions with them to the Council The Pope was much concern'd upon the Account of a Report that the Bishops of France had moved their King to stop the Payment of First Fruits by the Clergy of France to the See of Rome And he said this was contrary to their Pacts and Agreements with him which was That this Affair should be transacted with the Pope only in a friendly way But then after all nothing so much startled the holy Man as a Report that a Peace was treating secretly with the Protestants and that they would have Liberty given them to Preach and he foresaw that if France were once quieted the Council could not be hurried to a Conclusion but things would be well considered and perhaps the Protestants must be heard in it and amongst them Queen Elizabeth of England which he feared beyond Expression For he thought the Cardinals of Lorrain and Ferrara were so Useful and Necessary to the King of France that he could never have spared them to attend the Council where there was no need of them if he had not had some such pestilent Designs to promote Whereupon he mustered up all the Prelates he could possibly not admitting any Excuse The Popes fears of the French Bishops never to be stopp'd and sent many also who had resigned their Benefices to the Council together with the Coadjutors of other Bishops that so he might have the more Votes believing he was now in the utmost degree of Danger and as if he had not had enough of his own he borrowed some Prelates of his Friends too And amongst them he got leave of the Duke of Savoy that Anthony Bobba Bishop of Cassale who was then that Princes Ambassador in the Court of Rome and Lewis Vanini de Teodolis Bishop de Bertinoro a Person of great Learning and Eloquence who had excused his Attendance in the Council upon his want of Health should now forthwith be dispatched to Trent When this last was going thither he is said to have consolated and strengthened the good Pope in his Anxiety and Fears of the Event with an Assurance That he would certainly get the Victory over the Council which was a very Acceptable Saying to the Pope and that he for that good News Kiss'd the Bishop of Bertinoro when he took his Leave to go to Trent bidding him be careful to get the Victory he had promised him And when after this some flying Reports came to Rome that some Questions were moved in the Council to the prejudice of the Papal Authority by the Bishops he was so moved at it that in the Consistory before all the Cardinals he cried out he and the Romans were betrayed whilest he maintained an Army of Enemies at Trent with great expence By which expression he aimed at the Italian Bishops who were his Pensioners and kept there by him in great numbers And Jo. Baptista Adriani writes He was just upon the Point of inhibiting the Council and had done it if Cosmus Duke of Florence had not averted him from that dangerous and shameful project The 8th Maximilian Son of Ferdinand chosen King of the Romans Polano in his History of the Council of Trent saith the Election was made the 24th of November So that the first date seems to be the day of the opening of the Diet. day of September Maximilian the Eldest Son of Ferdinand the Emperor was chosen King of the Romans at Francfort upon the Maine in a Diet there assembled for that purpose Stroschen a Polander by birth who was then Ambassador for Solyman the Emperor of the Turks was present at Francfort and saw this Ceremony being sent to settle a Truce for eight years between those Princes which had been a long time sought by Busbequius at Constantinople The Emperor was by this League to pay Thirty Millions of Hungarian Duckets for a Tribute by the year In this Diet the Princes of the Augustane Confession and their Allies gave in their opinion concerning the Council in Writing as they promised they would in the Convention at Naumburg They said they could not come to this Impious Council which was Indicted by Pope Pins the Fourth because not so assembled as was prescribed in their Appeals to a pious free and lawful Council given in heretofore in several Diets of Germany This Diet ended about the end of December and the Emperor went by Wormes Spire Weissemburg Strasburg Schlestat and Basil to Friburg in Brisgow being in all places received with great Honour and in the last of these places he held a Diet for Alsatia and then by Constance he went in February to Inspruck where he staid some time on the account of the Council of Trent which he hoped might be ended in the less time if he were near it The French Ambassadors when they came to the Council of Trent were furnished with certain Instructions what they were to ask but had Orders to suppress them till they had conferr'd with the Emperors Ambassadors which happened to have much what the same demands But by this time the Court of France seeing there was no care taken to satisfie the Emperor and that things were carried with great slowness ordered their Ambassador to open their Grievances which were contain'd in Thirty four Articles year 1563 and were accordingly unfolded to the Council the 4th of January as they may be seen at large in Polano his History Pag. 609. I shall not here trouble the Reader with them The 10th of January the King of France ordered his Ambassador to assure the Pope that the Annals which
Sedition there 474. Quelled and the Inhabitants Punished Severely 475. Brandenburg Duke of Appeals to a General Council from the Bishop of Bamberg 152. Brandenburg Elector vide Joachim the Marquesses of Brandenburg act against the Protestants 376. Bremer's Answer to the Proposals made to them by the Princes 502. Brentius John in great Distress at Hall about the Interim 461. Received by the D. of Wirtemberg 462. He draws up a Confession of the Divines in the Dutchy and is esteemed by the Duke 515. Bruly Peter Preaches the Reformed Religion in the Netherlands 341. Is seized upon at Tournay Ibid. The Protestants in Germany intercede for him Ibid. He is Examined 342. Burnt Ibid. Brunswick Hen. D. of hot against the Protestants 239. His Letters to the Bishop of Mentz and Eldo intercepted by the Landgrave 246. He Quarrels with the Elector of Saxony 247. Accuses the Protestants 267. Hires Incendiaries to burn some Towns in Saxony 275. Who is accused of it to the Emperor Ibid. He is thrown out by the Saxon and the Landgrave 298. Appeals to the Imperial Chamber 304. Protestants in the Diet of Spire 319. The Story of the Dukes Mistress Eve Trottine 322. He answers the Caluninies of the Confederates 323. His Country sequestred into the Emperor's Hands 326. He cheats the French King of his Money 351. His Dutchy sequestred to the Emperor 352. He is Obstinate Ib. Raises an Army 352. Makes great spoil in the Dutchy of Brunswick Ibid. Is opposed by the Landgrave 353. Emploies D. Maurice to Mediate for him Ibid. Breaks the Truce Ibid. Fights the Landgrave 354. Surrenders at Discretion Ibid Offers to betray the Popish Councils to the Landgrave 388. Is set at Liberty and goes to the Emperor at Hall 432. Commences his Actions against the Landgrave in the Imperial Chamber 474. Besieges Brunswick 500. Outed of his Country by Volrat Count Mansfield 576. Complains of it to the Emperor at Metz. Ibid. Leagues with Maurice 578. Plagues his Westphalian Neighbours 579. Routs Albert 591. Besieges Brunswick 593. Makes an Agreement with John Frederick D. of Saxony Ibid. Prosecutes the War in Albert 's Country 594. Raises Money from the Cities in the lower Saxony 602. Bucer Mart. meets Luther at Marpurg 121. Endeavours to unite Luther and Zuinglius 141. Constitutes a Church at Ulm 149. Goes to Cologne at Gropper's Invitation 288. Is kindly received by the Bishop Ibid. Preaches at Bon 310. Is opposed by the Clergy of Cologne 311. Opposes Malvenda about Justification at Ratisbon 359. Goes from the Conference Ibid. Is sent for to Ausburg 454. Rejects the Interim 457. Goes into England 479. And dies at Cambridge 513. Buda Besieged by Ferdinand 284. Taken by Solyman by a Trick 285. Budaeus Will. dies 269. Bull de Coena Domini what 42. Bull Golden what 19. Buren Maximilian Count of comes to assist the Emperor 397. He joins the Emperor 403. Takes Darmstadt 414. And Frankfort upon Composition Ibid. Dies 478. C CAden Mich. sends an Account to Nuremberg of their Ambassadors being confined at Piacenza 125. Presents a Protestant Book to Charles ibid. For which he is in danger ibid. But makes his Escape ibid. Caesar Leonard Burnt for Religion 110. Calvin John Preaches at Strasburg 241. Answers Cardinal Farnese 's Speech against the Protestants 266. Writes an Antidote against the Sorbon Doctors and a Book of Reliques 314. Is expelled Geneva 616. Campegio Cardinal goes to Nuremberg 66. Writes to the Elector Frederick Duke of Saxony 67. His Speech to the Princes of the Empire 68. His Reply to their Answer 69. His Answer to the Deputies from Strasburg 73. makes a Speech at the Diet at Worms 271. Capua Nich. Archbishop of Capua against Reformation 238. Sends a Copy of the Draught into Germany ibid. Caracciolus Martinus sent to Frederick by the Pope against Luther 38. Made a Cardinal 39. Cardinal The Delegate Cardinals draw a Model of Reformation 233. The Cardinals at the Council of Trent answer Mendoza 's Speech 360. Carolostadius Andrew disputes with Eckius at Leipzick 22. Pulls down Images at Wittemberg 52. Goes over to the Enthusiasts ibid. Writes against Luther about the Eucharist 97. Excuses himself from being engaged with the Boors ibid. Begs Luther 's Protection ibid. Capnio vide Reuchlin Cajetan Tho. Card. sent by Pope Leo to the Diet at Ausburg 4. Exhorts the Princes of the Empire to defend it against Selymus the Turk ibid. Treats with Luther at Ausburg 7. Commands Stupits to treat privately with Luther 8. Exclaims against the Council of Constance in the Council of Lateran 10. Writes to Frederick complaining against Luther ibid. Publishes Leo 's Bull at Lintz 12. Sends it to the Bishops of Germany ibid. Exasperated the Breach of Luther 24. Casa John Archbishop of Beneventum the Pope's Legate at Venice 475. Writes in defence of Sodomy 477. Prince Casimir of Brandenburg raises Troops upon Charles the Fifth's Election for his Service 18. Catharinus Ambrosius writes in defence of the Pope's Supremacy against Luther 40. Catharine of Austria Wife to Henry the Eight dies 202. Catharine de Medicis Married to Henry the second of France 168. Chabot Brian Philip Admiral of France Condemned 272. Restored 277. Chamber Imperial Delegates appointed to Reform it 161. They Prosecute the Protestants with Vigour 184. They Proscribe Minden 245. Vide Imperial Chamber in I. Charles the Fourth Emperor made the Golden Bull An. 1356. 19. Charles Duke of Bourbon besieges Marseilles 76. Takes Rome 109. Blocks up the Pope in the Castle of St. Angelo Ibid. His Soldiers commit great Insolencies Ibid. Dies 110. Is attainted by the French King Ibid. Charles the Great made Emperor at Rome 150. Charles King of Spain Competitor for the Empire 13. His Answer to Prince Palatine 18. His Genealogy 19. The Conditions which were imposed upon him as his Election 20. Goes into England 25. Thence into the Low-Countries ibid. Summons the Electors to Aix la Chapelle 36. Meets them there 37. Enters the Town in state ibid. The Ceremonies of his Coronation ibid. His Oath ibid. Goes to Cologne and calls a Diet to Worms 38. Promises Luther a publick hearing at the Diet 41. Writes to Luther and gives him safe Conduct 42. Writes to the Princes against Luther 44. Proscribes him 48 49. Makes War with Francis I 50. And takes Milain ibid. Returns into Spain 51. Goes into England by the way and makes a League with Henry VIII ibid. Answers the Complaints exhibited by the free Cities against the Diet at Nuremberg 66. Complains to the Diet that the Decree of Worms was not observed 73. Chides the States and Princes for attempting to call a General Council 75. Takes King Francis Prisoner at Pavia 79. Desires that a Diet may be called at Ausburg 96. Treats a Peace with Francis 102. The Articles of Peace ibid. Writes to the Diet at Spire that the Decree at Worms should be kept 103. Marries the King of Portugal 's Daughter 105. Answers Pope Clement 's angry Letter 106. His Letter to the
League 437. Makes a Truce with the Turk Ibid. Moves the College of Princes to desire the Pope to remove the Council to Bononia 439. Answers the Proposals made by the Cities of the Empire at Augsbourg 441. Sends an Embassy to the Pope about the Council Ibid. Excuses the Landgrave's Confinement Ibid. Refuses to set him at Liberty 442. Confines him closely 443. He makes a Report to the States concerning a Council 453. Raises Money of the States at the Diet 460. Makes a Reformation in Ecclesiastical Matters 463. Which is approved of by the Bishops 464. His answer to the States about Disbanding of the Army 466. He Writes to the Princes about receiving the Interim 468. Proscribes several who served under the Protestants Ibid. Changes the Government of Augsbourg 469. Determines for the Count of Nassaw against the Landgrave 470. Sends Spaniards privately to Constance Ibid. Answers to the desires of the Strasburghers 471. Outlaws the City of Constance Ibid. And will hear no Plea's in their behalf Ibid. He dissolves the Government of Ulm. 472. Goes to Spire and so into the Netherlands with the Saxon and the Landgrave 473. He detains the Duke of Saxony 474. Sends the Popes Indult to the German Bishops 483. Writes to the States out of the Netherlands and appoints a Diet 493. He comes to Augsbourg with his Son 496. His severe Decree against the Lutherans in the Netherlands 497. Which is very injurious at Antwerp upon account of Trade 498. His Army besieged Tripoly 500. He commands the Duke of Brunswick to lay down Arms Ibid. He complains of the Magdebourghers and Bremers 501. Moderates the Edict of Religion in the Netherlands lb. He is very earnest that the Magdebourghers should be Prosecuted 503. And desires to know why the Interim is not observed Ibid. His Edict against the Magdebourghers 504. Is very severe upon the Landgrave after his fruitless endeavours to escape 505. Quarrels with his Brother about a Successor to the Empire Ibid. His Edict against all that Assist the Magdebourghers 512. He pronounces sentence against the Landgrave for the Lordship of Dietz 513. Publishes a Declaration against Octavio Farnese 515. Calls the States to the Council of Trent Ibid. Accuses the French King of Assisting the Turk 518. Publishes a Declaration against him 522. His answer to the Ambassadors who intercede for the Landgrave 534. He answers the complaints of the Spiritual Electors 535. His Ambassadors have long and frequent Conferences with the Saxon Wirtemberg and Strasburg Agents at Trent 538. Raises Soldiers to oppose the Confederate Princes 557. His Men make an Incursion into Champaigne 558. He flies from Inspruck to Villach 560. Sets the Duke of Saxony at liberty Ibid. His Letter to the Princes Mediators 568. His answer to their Letter 569. His answer to the French Ambassadors Letter 570. Changes the Government of Augsbourg 573. He charges the Franconians to appose Marquess Albert 574. goes into Lorrain and to Strasbourg Ibid. Lays siege to Metz 575. His Army in the Netherlands takes Hesdin 576. He rises from the siege of Metz Ibid. He Writes to Marquess Albert 577. His answer to his own Ambassadors about the Controversy between Albert and the Franconian Bishops 579. Befieges and takes Teroüanne 580. Retakes Hesdin 586. His advice to the Princes of Germany Ibid. He Furnishes Albert with Money underhand 591. Carries the War into Picardy Ibid. Ratifies the Proscription of Albert made by the Imperial Chamber 598. His Letter to the States of Germany 606. His answer to the German Princes 616. Makes the Duke of Alba his General in Milan Ibid. His Fleet engages the French Fleet 618. He resigns the low Countries to his Son Philip 620. Goes into Spain 638. Charles Prince of Spain Born 350. Christian I. King of Denmark dies 62. Christian II. King of Denmark overthrows Steno Stura 62. Burns his dead Body Ibid. Loses Sweden Ibid. Is banished from Denmark Ibid. Appeals to the Diet at Nurenberg Ibid. Is taken Prisoner 161. His Son dies Ibid. Christian Wife to the Landgrave Sollicites for the Landgrave's Release 441. Dies for Grief 485. Christopher Succedes his Father Ulric in the Dutchy of Wirtemberg 502. His Dutchy is rid of the Spaniards 528. He sends Ambassadors to the Council of Trent Ibid. They are gulled in the Council by the Cerdinal of Trent and the Emperors Ambassadors 530. They apply themselves to Count Monfort 537. They join with the Saxon Ambassadors and the Deputies to Sollicite a hearing of the Protestant Divines in the Council of Trent 537. c. They leave the Council 541. New Ambassadors are sent from the Duke of Wirtemberg to Trent 543. The Wirtemberg Divines go to Trent Ibid. Who exhibit their Confession Ibid. They Publish their Protestation there 544. At the breaking up of the Council the Wirtemberg Ambassadors give in their Opinion of it 547. Cheregatus Franciscus Legate to P. Adrian at Nuremberg 57. Cities of the Empire complain against the Diet at Norimberg 65. and in the Diet of Spire against the Decree of Wormes 103. They complain against Mendicant Friars 104. Immunities of the Clergy Ibid. And against Holy daies Ibid. Cities for the Reformed Religion Protest against the Decree of Spire 120. Are for acknowledging Ferdinand King of the Romans 151. Some Cities quarrel at the Taxes laid at Coblentz to carry on the War at Munster 198. Catholick Cities Complain that they are Excluded from the Princes Councils at Ratisbon 282. Some Cities refuse at Spire to grant subsidies against the French 326. They refuse to submit to the Council of Trent at Augsbourg 440. Clareback Adolph Burnt at Cologne for Religion 121. Clement the V. inserts into the Canon-Law that Emperors are Subject to the Pope 38. Clement the VII succedes to Adrian 66. Sends Cardinal Campegio to the Diet at Nuremberg Ibid. Writes to D. Frederick of Saxony Ibid. Sends a Golden Rose to Henry the VIII of England 75. Writes to the Parliament of Paris 97. Enters into a League with Charles the V. 105. Writes expostulatory Letters to him 106. Writes to the King of Poland to be ready to send Deputies to a General Council 142. Sends a Legate to the Duke of Saxony 162. His Legate's Speech to the Duke of Saxony Ibid. Goes to Marseilles to meet Francis 168. Marries his Neice Catharine de Medicis to his Son Henry Ibid. Dies 174. Cleve Duke of Cleve sues to the Emperor for Guelderland 266. His Treaty with the French King 277. Marries the Queen of Navarre's Daughter Ibid. Retakes Duren 304. A Pacification Attempted between him and the Emperor 307. Submits to the Emperor 315. Renounces his League with France and demands his Wife 316. Intercedes with the Arch-Bishop of Cologne to lay down his Bishoprick 418. Coblentz a Town in the Bishoprick of Triers upon the Confluence of the Rhine and the Moselle 13. Some Princes meet there to quiet the Stirs of Munster 197. Cologne Vniversity Condemns Luther's Writing 27. Condemn and burn Reuchlin 's Book 30. The Elector
Reformed Switzers 141. Answers the Arbitrators 154. Endenvours to restore Ulric Duke of Wirtemberg 169. And brings it about 173. Writes to acquaint the Emperor with his Proceedings for Duke Ulric 174. Makes his submission to Ferdinand about Ulric 's business 179. Commands his Divines to answer the Anâ—thaptists Books 198. He sends an answer to their mad Proposals Ibid. Goes to the Convention at Eysenach 244. Intercepts the D. of Brunswick 's Letter 246. He Writes in his own Vindication to the German Princes 247. Excauses the D. of Wirtemberg to K. Francis by Letter 249. He answers the Emperors Letter about a Pacification 263. Joyns with the Elector of Saxony against the D. of Brunswick 298. Opposes the Duke of Brunswick 353. Submits to an accommodation Ibid. Receives the D. of Brunswick upon surrender 354. Writes to the Emperor concerning him Ibid. Writes again 355. Answers the Emperors Letter Ibid. Writes to Granvel about the War intended against the Protestants 356. Writes to Naves about the same business 358. Goes to Spire to Meet the Emperor 368. Treats with him Ibid. And with Granvel and Naves 370. And with the Emperor again 373. Is courteously dismissed Ibid. Sends notice to Ratisbon of the Emperors Preparations 376. He arms against the Emperor 384. His Forces 388. He sends his Son William to Strasbourg ibid. Refuses to Confer with the Duke of Brunswick ibid. His Men skirmish with the Spaniards 395. His bold advice to set upon the Emperor 397. Comes near the Impertalists with his Army 404. A Skirmish between him and the Prince of Sulmona 407. His Letter to the Mauricians ibid. And to Maurice 408. Is in danger upon the Retreat of the Army 412. Writes to Maurice his Son-in-Law ib. He rejects the Emperor's Proposals 423. He justifies himself from the Reproaches about Surprizing Francfort 426. Is invited to come to Leipzick 429. Articles of Peace are proposed to him 430. Which he accepts 431. Goes to Hall to the Emperor 433. Signs the Articles and submits to the same in Person ibid. Is detained Prisoner 433. Letters are spread abroad in his Name as if he allowed of the Interim 463. Is carried Prisoner into Flanders 473. And sent to Oudenard 474. His Subjects refuse the Interim 477. New Intercessions for him in vain 479. The Ministers in his Country refuse the Pope's Indult 483. He attempts an escape 504. Not succeeding is kept close Prisoner 505. He relieves the Oppressed Ministers Liberally 517. He is set at liberty and stopt again 373. He returns into his own Country 574. He accepts a Mediation in the Difference with the Count of Nassaw about Catzenelbogen 617. Which still keeps in Suspence 620. Has a Meeting with Augustus Elector of Saxony 633. Philip Prince Palatine Governor of Vienna when Solyman besieged it 121. Forces him to raise his Siege Ibid. Philip Son to Charles V. comes through the Netherlands into Italy 477. Is received at Genoa Ibid. And at Milan 478. Goes into Germany Ibid. Enters Brussels 479. Homage is done to him in the Low Countries 485. He marries Queen Mary in England 604. He has Naples and the Kingdom of Jerusalem Ibid. With the Dutchy of Milan resigned to him 605. Goes into Flanders to meet his Father 618. He enters upon the Government of the Netherlands Ibid. Sends Ambassadors into Germany to acquaint them with his New Government 628. Phlugius Julius vide Gropper Chosen by the Chapter of Naumbourg to be their Bishop 288. Is admitted one of the Presidents of the Conference at Ratisbon 359. Assists in drawing up the Interim 454. Phlugius Caspar heads the Bohemian Confederates 423. Is condemned of High Treason 434. Picards a Sect of the Bohemians 53. Picus vide Mirandula Pisa Council there 26. Called by Cardinals Ibid. Reasons of so doing Ibid. Suspends P. Julius 27. Remove to Milan Ibid. P. Pius 's Decree concerning appeals 35. He altered his Opinion from what it was at the Council of Basil 36. Excommunicates Sigismund ibid. Poiet William Chancellor of France disgraced 299. Pool Reginald Cardinal sent Nuncio from the Pope to the French King 210. Writes a Book called a Defence of Ecclesiastical Vnity ibid. Made Cardinal by P. Paul III. 211. Loses the Popedom on suspicion of Lutheranism 490. Is detained in Germany by the Emperor 594. Returns into England 605. Reconciles the Nation to the See of Rome 606. Writes to the Emperor and King of France to mediate a Peace 615. Popes anciently subject to Emperors 38. Pragmatick Sanction vide Paris Priests the Ceremony of their Degradation 64. Prietias Sylvester writes against Luther 3. He asserts the Pope to be absolute head of the Church ibid. Replies to Luther 4. Princes of the Empire disagree about the Emperor's Letter against Luther 44. Complain of the Pope's Proceedings in the Affairs of Germany 60. Return an Answer to Adrian 's Letter to the Diet ibid. Draw up an account of the Grievances of Germany which they gave to the Pope's Legate 63. Their answer to Campegio 's Speech at Nuremberg 68. They write to Charles V. to make haste into Germany 108. They write again 110. Write from Spire to the Senate at Strasburg 116. Princes of the Reformed Religion Protest against the Decree of Spire 119. Deliberate about a League amongst all Protestants in Germany 122. They answer the Emperors Proposals at Augsbourg 133. Several of the Princes declare upon what Terms they allow a King of the Romans 157. Protestant Princes refuse a league with Francis against the Emperor 187. Those assembled at Coblentz write severely to the Anabaptists at Munster 197. Catholick Princes Opinion at Ratisbon 281. They answer the Legates Letter 283. They Interceed for the D. of Cleve Ibid. Some of them writes to the Pope 320. The Popish Princes separate answer at the Diet at Wormes 344. They write to the Bremers 501. They meet at Noremberg 512. Several Princes send Ambassadors to the Emperor to interceed for the Landgrave's Liberty 533. Others desire the Erench King to desist from his inroads into Germany 558. A Convention of them meet at Francfort 579. They write to the Emperor about the Peace 616. Protestant Princes vide Princes vide Protestant Protestants the Original of the Name 120. their Ambassadors had audience of Charles at Piacenza 123. They appeal to his Answer 125. They consult of a League at Smalcald ibid. And quarrel about Religion ibid. Break up without a final Resolution ibid. The Protestant Deputies meet at Noremberg 126. Resolve that Religion should be debated at Augsbourg 129. Present a Confession of Faith to the Emperor ibid. Press to have it read ibid. The Protestants defend the Augustane Confession in writing 131. Answer Truchses 's Speech 134. They debate with the Emperor about Religion 135. They leave the Diet 137. The Deputies of the Associate Princes demand liberty of Conscience from the Diet at Augsbourg 139. The Protestant Princes write to the Kings of France and England to wipe of those Calumnies which had been thrown upon them 145.
They summon all the Protestant Confederates to Smalcald 147. They sollicite the Dane and Northern Princes and Free Cities to join with them ib. Their Answer to the Emperor's Summons 149. the Protestant Princes refuse to acknowledge Ferdinand K. of the Romans 151. They answer the Ambassadors of the Elector of Mentz and the Palatine at Smalcald 153. Both parties of the Protestants have a good understanding about the Lords Supper 159 Their Conditions of Pacification ibid. They give in a full answer 164. Their decrees in order to a Council 167. They give in their Answer to Vergerius 's Proposals for a Council 181. They meet at Smalcald ibid. Their answer to the French Ambassador at Smalcald 185. Their answer to the English Ambassador 188. They protest against the Proceedings of the Imperial Chamber which shall be contrary to Charles and Ferdinand 's Decrees 189. They draw up Articles of a League with Henry VIII 204. They meet at Francfort 206. And receive several Cities into the League ibid. They break off Correspondence with Henry VIII Ibid. They send Complaints to the Emperor against the Prosecutions of the Imperial Chamber 208. They answer the Emperors Letter 209. They meet at Smalcald 212. Their answer to Eldo the Emperors Ambassador 215. Their rejoynder upon Eldo 's reply 221. Their Decrees at Smalcald 226. Their Reasons why they refuse to Meet at Mantua whither P. Paul III. had conven'd them Ibid. They send Reasons of their Actions to K. Francis 230. The Protestant Princes meet at Brunswick 239. Their Answer at Eysenach 244. They call a Convention at Arnstadt 251. They send Ambassadors to the Emperor into Flanders 253. They write to the French King 254. They meet at Smalcald 255. They answer the Ambassadors sent by Granvel to procure a Pacification 257. They answer King Henry 's Propositions 262. Make a Decree to interceed with the French King for the Protestants if he would not take it ill Ibid. And resolve to oppose the Proceedings of the Imperial Chamber ibid. Their answer to King Ferdinand 's Proposals at Haguenaw 268. Their Answers to the Emperors Proposals 276. They interceed with the French King for the Protestants 277. They address to the Emperor in the Diet 279. Their answer to Contarini 's Papers 280. They Petition the Emperor 281. They answer Contarini 's Letter against a National Council 283. They absolutely decline the Jurisdiction of the Imperial Chamber 304. They Petition Ferdinand at the Diet of Noremberg 306. They oppose the decree of the Diet 307. They meet at Smalcald 312. Send Ambassadors to the Emperor at Spire ibid. They meet at Francfort 317. They protest against the Duke of Brunswick 's voting at the Diet 319. They accuse the Duke of Brunswick publickly in the Diet 322. They persist in their Accusation 323. Their answer to Ferdinand at Wormes 344. Their Petition to him 345. The Protestants meet at Francfort 356. Reports are spread of a War against them ibid. Another meeting at Francfort 357. They send Deputies to interceed for the Elector of Cologne ibid. They are accused of a Conspiracy ibid. They still urge the business of Cologne 360. The Protestants Deputies meet at Wormes 373. They complain at Ratisbon that Diazi 's Murder was unrevenged 374. Their Opinion of the Council of Trent 375. They are apprehensive of War ibid. They demand the reason of the Preparations 376. Their Deputies return home from Ratisbon 380. The first of their Commanders ibid. Their Deputies meet at Ulm 381. They send to the Venetians and Grisons ibid. They send Ambassadors to the Switzers 383. They Petition the Emperor 384. They send Ambassadors to France and England 385. They write to the Marquess of Brandenbourg to disswade him from assisting the Emperor 387. They publish a Manifesto against him Ibid. Their first exploits in the War 388. They write to the D. of Bavaria 392. Their demands of the Switzers 393. They declare War against the Emperor ibid. They dispute what Title to give the Emperor 394. They march to Ratisbon ibid. The names of the principal Confederates 395. The Spaniards break into their Camp ibid. Their oversight in not taking the Landgrave's advice 397. Their address to the Bohemians 399. Their Declaration concerning Incendiaries sent out by the Pope ibid. Their answer to the Instrument of Proscription ibid. They raise their Camp from Ingolstadt 403. They write to the reformed Switzers 404. They lose an opportunity of taking the Emperor at Grienghen 407. Their Council of War writes to Maurice 408. They write to several Imperial Cities and Princes to joyn with them ibid. The Confederates Deputies meet at Ulm 409. Answer the Elector of Saxony 's demands ibid. They send an Embassy into France and England 411. They are in danger and withdraw their Camp ibid. In the retreat they run a risque 412. They differ from the Catholicks at Augsbourg about the Council of Trent 440. They are Sollicited to submit to the Council ibid. Their Ambassors at Trent insist upon such a safe conduct for their Divines as was granted at the Council of Basil 539. The demands of their Divines in the Council 546. The Protestant Princes make a League at Nuremberg 614. They acquaint the Emperor with it ibid. Their answer in the Diet of Augsbourg to the Papists Allegations 623. Their reply to Ferdinand 's Answer to their Papers 626. Prussia vide Albert of Brandenbourg vide Sigismund of Poland vide Wolfgang grand Master R. RAtisbon Catholick Lords there with Campegio confirm the Decree at Wormes against Luther 74. Make Regulations for the Reformation of the Clergy 75. The Princes do not meet at Ratisbon at the Diet 110. The Diet removes thither from Spire 155. The Articles of the Treaty of Nurenberg are there confirmed 160. A Diet there 272. The Acts of the Diet at Ratisbon 275. The Presidents and Witnesses at the Conference 276. The Acts of the Diet 278. The Decree of the Diet 283. They promise Aid against the Turks ib. A Conference is appointed there 351. The Names of the Conferrers ibid. It is refused by the Papists 352. The Conference opened 358. The Names of the Presidents ibid. The Points disputed upon ibid. It breaks up 359. A Diet there 374. Reformation in Germany its Original 273. Religion those of the Reformed Religion begin to form a League 105. Renate Prince of Orange is killed 327. Reuchlin John Capnio Commissioned to examine Jewish Books 30. His Answer to Maximilian ibid. Answers Phefercorne 's Book ibid. Is Cited to Mentz ibid. Excepts to Hogostratus as a Judge ibid. Appeals to the Pope ibid. Is acquitted at Rome ibid. Dies 55. Rhodes taken by Solyman 57. Richard Elector of Triers vide Triers Ridley Nicholas Bishop of London burnt at Oxford for Religion 619. Rochell an Insurrection there 304. Quieted 305. Rome Court of Rome it 's Description 24. A great Inundation there 137. Roman Clergy vide Jews Romans vide King of the Romans Rotman Bernard Preaches up the Reformation at Munster 190.
make a Speech for the three Estates 51. He opposeth the Progress of the Reformation 57. Procureth the Conference of Poissy 58. Disputes in it 60. Opposeth a National Council 64. Leaves the Court 65. Adviseth Mary Queen of Scots to leave her Jewels in France 66. Treats with the Protestant Princes of Germany 69. He goes to the Council of Trent 88. Visits the Emperor at Inspruck 90. He is ordered to defend the Peace of Orleans 91. He is gain'd over to the Pope's side 94. He goes to Rome ibid. Returns to Trent 96. M. MAns taken by the Protestants 74. Deserted 76. Mary Queen of England raiseth some Religious Houses 11. She joins with King Philip against France 14. Is advertised by him of the Designs of the French upon Calais 18. Makes an unfortunate attempt by her Fleet on France 21. She dies when there was a Parliament sitting 22. Mary Queen Regent of Scotland summoneth a Parliament 36. Breaks her Faith 37. She leaves Edinburg and goes to Dunbar 38. Reproaches the Lords of the Congregation for holding correspondence with the English 40. She is deposed 41. Her Death and Character 42. Mary Queen of Scotland Married to the Dauphine of France 19. Resolves to return into Scotland 65. Arrives there 66. Endeavoureth to restore Popery 67. Refuseth a Petition against it 99. Mary Queen of Hungary dies 36. Marriage of the Clergy why forbidden and continued so 97. Massacre at Vassy 70. Of Sens 74. Mills Walter the last Martyr in Scotland 24. Melancthon Philip dies 50. Minart Anthony a bloody Persecutor 30 31. He is shot dead in the Streets 34. Popish Misrepresentations of the Protestants in France 16 33 34. Montmorancy Constable of France averse to the Spanish War 14. Taken Prisoner in the Battel of St. Quintin 15. Discharged and laboureth for a Peace 22. Designed for ruin by the Guises 46. Procures the laying aside the use of the Arms of England 39. Entereth Orleans 48. He is set against the Reformation and the King of Navar by the Queen 56. Taken in the Battel of Dreux 80. He refuseth to consent to the Liberty of Conscience 84. He takes Havre de Grace 99. Montmorancy Francis Son of the former gives his Father wise advice 56. N. NAples the Kingdom of annexed to the See of Rome 9. Navar Henry King of suspected to be in the Conspiracy of Bloys 43. And in that of Lions 46. He is sollicited to come to the Assembly of the States by his Brother the Cardinal ib. Comes and is consin'd 47. Discharged and advanced ibid. Becomes terrible to the Pope 49. Favoureth the Reformation 56. Very earnest for a National Council 65. He joins with the Popish party 69. Excuseth the Massacre of Vassy 71. Is shot at Roan and dies 77. His Character ibid. The Queen Cited before the Inquisition after his Death 92. A National Council desired in France 45 64. O. O Liver Chancellor of France imployed against the Members of Parliament who were suspected of Heresie 33. Desious of a Reformation and an hater of Bloody Persecutions 43. Obtains a Pardon for the Conspirators of Boyse ibid. He dies weeping for what he had done 44. Orleans an Assembly of the three Estates of France opened there 47 50. Surprized by the Protestants 73. Besieged 82. Ostia besieged and taken 9. Retaken ibid. Otho Henry Duke of Bavaria dies 36. Orange William of Nassaw Prince of Ambassador for Charles V. 6. Being Ambassador in France he learns a Secret 27. P. PAliano Fortified 9. Restored to King Philip 11. A Parliament in England 22. In Scotland 36. Another that setles a Confession of Faith 42. Another which confirms and settles it 66. One held at Edinburg in which Mary Queen of the Scots passed several Acts in favour of the Reformation 99. The Parliament of Paris awed by Henry II. 31. Claims the Right of declaring the King out of his Minority 99. Paul IV. Pope his Temper 7. His War against King Philip 8. He ruins his Relations 26. He refuseth to acknowledg Ferdinand Emperor of Germany 22. And Queen Elizabeth Queen of England 23. Erects many Bishopricks 27. His death and the rage of the People against him 36. Peace made between King Philip and the Pope 11. Proposed between France and Spain 19. That of Passaw confirmed 28. That of Cambray fatal 30. That of Orleans disproved by Coligni 84. And by the Fathers of Trent 91. Perrenot Bishop of Arras 19. A Persecution in France 16. One designed in the Netherlands 27. One in France 30. In Spain 35. In Piedmont 52. In the Netherlands 55. Philbert Duke of Savoy his Marriage 33. Pius IV. Elected 36. Delays the calling of a Council 48. Is at last perswaded to renew that at Trent 62. Despiseth France 86. Afraid of the French Bishops coming to that Council 88. Is promised a victory over the Council 89. Reproached by the King of France 96. Pretends to be free from the Obligation of all Laws ibid. Philip II. King of Spain engaged in a War against Paul IV. 8. And France 9. Leaves the Netherlands 35. He is much commended by Pope Paul IV. 31. Endeavoureth to raise the power of the Bishops and depress the Pope's in the Council of Trent 90. His Severity much commended there 91. He is sollicited to endeavour the Preservation of the Romish Religion in France 61. Poltrot who Assassinated the Duke of Guise an account of him 82. Princes the Pope hath power to depose them and to dispose of their Dominions 62 92. Denied by the King of France 94. Prioli Lawrence Duke of Venice dies and is succeeded by Jerome his Brother 36. Q. QUintin Jean makes a long Apology for the Clergy in the Assembly of the three Estates at Orleance 51. He dies of Grief for the Reflections made on it ibid. St. Quintin besieged 14. Taken 15. R. REligion ought not to be the occasion of Rebellions 50. A Remonstrance of the Protestant Princes of Germany 12. Riga Reformed 57. Rouen or Roan taken by the Protestants 74. Twice besieged and at last taken by the Roman Catholicks 77. Rome prepared for a Siege 8. And might have been taken S. SArdinia the Isle of proffered to the King of Navar 65. Savoy enclined to a Reformation 97. St. Quintin See Quintin Sanfloriano a Cardinal 10. Sectaries never to be suffered 51. But to be severely treated 91. Segni a strong City in the Papacy taken 10. Seldius Vice-Chancellor Ambassador 6. Siena consigned to the Duke of Florence 10. Sigeth a City in Hungary twice besieged 4. Sleidan John his Death and Character 7. Succession in the Clergy 61. A Synod held by the Protestants of France in the time of a violent persecution 31. T. THermes a Marshal of France defeated 20. Thionville taken 10. A Toleration granted to the Protestants of France 68. Transylvania revolts 4. The Treaty of Cambray 22 30. V. VAlence the Bishop of favours the Reformation 45. Valenza taken 9. Vallidolid 35. Vassey a Town in Champaigne 70. Vergerius Paul a Cardinal writes against the Council of Trent 62. Vienne the Archbishop of for a National Council 45. The Vocation or Call of the Ministry 61. Vinoxberg taken 20. W. WAr in Italy 8. Between France and Spain 14. In Piedmont 53. The Reasons of the Scotch War 40. The beginning of the Civil War of France 72. Wentworth Lord Governour of Calais 17. William Prince of Henebery dies 36. Dr. Wotton Ambassador in France 14. At Cambray 39. Z. ZEaland the Province of oppose the Continuance of the Spanish Forces in the Netherlands 48. ERRATA In the History PAge 27. line 20. for Church read Lurch l. 23. r. Lewis XII p. 31. l. 7. r. Tortosa p. 32. l. 41. r. Ambitious as Lucifer himself That he p. 36. l. 38. concerning r. call'd p. 39. l. 47. r. Brindisi p. 43. l. 29. Ensure r. Ensnare p. 45. Work r. Rock p. 46. § 2. l. 1. resum'd r. repeated p. 80. Sturney r. Sturmius as oft as it occurs p. 94. l. 38. our r. your p. 115. l. 36. Cantreck r. Lautrec p. 119. l. 5. Anbald r. Anhalt p. 134. l. 52. r. Vey p. 143. l. 10. convenient r. inconvenient p. 157. l. 14. r. Nordlinghen p. 170. l. 37. 740. r. 728. p. 184. l. 58. r. Mecklenbourgh p. 189. l. 1. r. out of his c. p. 200. l. 63. danger r. hunger p. 206. l. 21. Campodune r. Kempten p. 209. l. 61. first r. fifth p. 215. l. 21. impression upon r. inroad into p. 230. l. 34. r. Pomerania p. 232. l. 36. r. Aleander p. 242. l. 10. r. John the Vaivod p. 264. l. 52. r. did not only c. p. 269. l. 45. r. Budaeus p. 270. l. 24. r. than that that long c. p. 284. l. 26. Indico r. Ynigo l. 45. r. Rene. p. 287. l. 16. Mark r. Work. p. 288. l. 48. Religion r. Provinces p. 289. Compert r. Rampart p. 292. l. 28. r. Vendosme l 29. Nivern r. Nevers p. 293. Concord r. Counsel p. 294. l. 6. r. first place to be c. p. 317. l. 14. edge r. Egge p. 338. l. 38. Ozias r. Uzziah p. 356. l. 40. r. Mentz p. 361. l. 53. Esdras r. Ezrah p. 363. l. 13. slept r. stept p. 443. l. 8. r. Ebbleben p. 435. r. Nevers p. 439. l. 30. implorable r. implacable p. 441. l. 50. severity r. security p. 447. l. 20. r. Vicenza l. 24. r. Morone l. 27. r. Santacruce p. 468. l. 35. Pecord r. Record r. Rifeberg l 48. r. Rochlitz p. 471. would r. should p. 473. l. 11. r. Fano p. 475. l. 28. r. Casa p. 477. l. 19. Gelou r. Gelenius p. 478. l. 50. Fez r. Tunis p. 481. l. 19. r. Matthias Flaccius Hlyricus and as oft as it occurs p. 518. l. 23. r. Vienna p. 519. l. 34. r. Lewis Hutin p. 531. l. 41. with r. of p. 545. l. 60. would r. should p. 554. l. 38. r. Bayonne p. 580. In the Contents l. 4. Albert r. Maurice p. 594. l. 33. r. Blasseburg p. 618. l. 58. r. Barbara In the Continuation PAg. 8. l. 55. Security r. Severity p. 10. l. 18. r. brought together an Army p. 28. l. 15. drought r. draught p. 25. l. 2. 1233. r. 1523. p. 28. r. 600000 Growns p. 56. l. 62. perished r. persisted l. 59. r. from Zurich p. 60. l. 41. thing r. nothing p. 90. l. 11. Annals r. Annates