he had Frederick the Vth. who was Chosen King of Bohemia in 1619. but Dethroned after the Battel of Prague in 1620. and his Territories were given to the Duke of Bavaria with the Dignity of Elector He died at Mentz in 1632. leaving behind him three Sons by Elizabeth Daughter of James the First of Great Brittain viz. Charles Robert and Edward Robert commonly called Prince Robert and well known in England was Created Duke of Cumberland and Died without Legitimate Issue Edward Died a Papist at Paris in 1663. leaving three Daughters by Princess Ann of Mantua one of them viz. Anne Married to the Prince of Conde Charles had part of his Fathers Inheritance restored to him by the Peace of Munster in 1648. and a Eighth Electorate was Created in his behalf viz. that of the Palatine of the Rhine and the Upper Palatinate remained in the Duke of Bavaria's Hands The Elector Charles Married Charlotte Daughter to the Landtgrave of Hesse Cassel by whom he had Charles and Elizabeth Charlotte who was Married to the Duke of Orleans only Brother to King Lewis the XIVth of France Charles Succeeded his Father in the Electorate and in 1671. Married Wiellielmine Ernestine Daughter to Frederick the IIId King of Denmark He died in 1685. without Issue and was Succeeded by Philip William Duke of Newburg a Popish Prince In 1688. and 1689. The French entered his Territories and laid most part of them wa st on pretence of the Allodial Claim'd by the Dutchess of Orleans Sister to the late Elector who died without Issue This Country is divided in two viz. the Palatinate properly so called and the Dominions of several particular Princes adjoining to it The Palatinate properly so called where are Heidelberg Cap. Manheim Frankendal Openheim Caub Creutznach Newstat Keiserslautern Bacharach Simmeren Earld Ingelheim Places adjoining to the Palatinate and Subject to several Princes Spire Imper. Bish Wormes Imper. Bish Philipsburg to the French Darmstat Landgraviat Deux-Ponts Dutchy Birkenfeld Earld Mont-Royal Remarkable Towns in the Palatinate of the Rhine I. Heidelberg HEildelberg Lat. Heilderberga which some think to be the Budoris of the Ancients is Metropolis of the Palatinate of the Rhine seated at the foot of an Hill on the Neckar over which it has a Wooden Bridge it is said to have formerly belonged to the Bishoprick of Worms but was granted to Lewis Count Palatine in 1225. It was enlarged by Robert Count Palatine who was Chosen Emperor in 1392. And Rupertus Count Palatine Founded an University here in 1346. This Town is large fair well Built and well Peopled and the usual Residence of the Elector who had a Noble Magnificent and Strong Castle here till the French blew it up in the present War when they were forced to leave it contrary to the Capitulation with the Dauphin in 1688. The Town-House and the Churches of St. Peter and the Holy Ghost are stately Buildings The Wine of this Place is much esteem'd The Castle is also Famous for a great huge Tun commonly called The Tun of Heilderberg The University has great Priviledges one of which is Power of Life and Death over all that belong to it without Power of Revocation or Infringement in the Prince himself This University has been Famous for many great Men and had one of the best Libraries in Europe which Count Tilly sent to Rome in 1622. after he had taken the Town which suffered extreamly in the late German Wars It was taken by the French in 1688. and a little while after burn'd and abandon'd In 1693. Heidelberg was Betrayed to the French King's Troops under the Command of Mareschal De Lorge the City laid in Ashes the Tombs of the Dead Princes and Princesses inhumanely Destroyed and their Corps exposed the Garrison and Inhabitants Cruelly Butchered and the Women after Protection brutishly Ravish'd Part of the Garrison flying to the Castle Capitulated A little while after Heidersdorf the Governour being Condemned to Death by a Council of War at Hailbron was Reprieved but degraded of the Teutonick Order led about the Imperial Camp in a Cart buffetted in a disgraceful manner by the Common Hangman treated with the heighth of Ignominy then Banished and Cudgelled to Death by the Peasants after he was let go by the Executioner Heidelberg stands 13 Miles N. E. of Spire 22 S. E. of Worms 18 N. E. of Philipsburg and 48 almost S. of Francfort Long. 28 d. 27 m. Lat. 49 d. 17 m. II. Manheim Manheim is seated on the Confluent of the Rhine and the Neckar It was taken and ruined by the Spaniards in the beginning of the XIIIth Century but was Rebuilt and handsomly Fortified by Charles Lewis Elector Palatine It was taken and abandoned by the French in 1689. and since that time they have intirely ruined it in a most Barbarous manner It stands 11 Miles almost N. W. of Heidelberg III. Frankendal Frankendal Lat. Franchendalia formerly no more than an Abbey afterwards a Place of Refuge for the Belgian Exiles about 1574. now a new City which was well Fortified scarce a League distant from the Rhine afterwards taken by the Spaniards and restored to the Elector Palatine by the Pacification of Munster but in the present War most cruelly laid in Ashes by the French It stands 18 miles N. W. of Heidelberg VI. Oppenheim Oppenheim Lat. Oppenhemium a small City Imperial and Free until it was granted with its Territory to Rupert Prince Palatine by the Emperor in 1402. It stands upon a Hill near the Rhine 11 miles almost S. of Mentz and 17 N. of Worms The French put a Garrison into it in 1688. and have Ruin'd it since V. Caub Caub is a little Town with the Castle of Gudenfelts on the Rhine against which in the middle of the River is the Castle of Pfaltz whence some but falsly would have the Princes Title of Pfaltzgrave derived VI. Creutznach Creutznach is a little Town on the small River Nake with a strong Castle Subject to the French since 1688. It stands 20 Miles almost S. W. of Mentz VII Newstat Newstat is a small Town seated on the River Spirebach Eight Miles N. of Landau and 15 almost W. of Spire and Philipsburg It is now Subject to the French VIII Keiserslautern Keiserslautern Lat. Caesaropolis is upon the River Lauter near the Dutchy of Deuxponts the French call it Caseloutre they took it in September 1688. under the Marquis of Boufflers after they had been repulsed in two several Storms It stands 28 Miles almost S. W. of Worms 32 W. of Spire and 40 almost S. of Mentz IX Bacharach Bacharach is a small Town on the Rhine once Free and Imperial now belonging to the Elector Palatine It stands 22 Miles W. of Mentz X. Simmeren Simmeren Lat. Simmera is the Capital City of a little Province of the same Name bearing the Title of Earldom This little Place is adorned and strengthned with a very considerable Castle It belongs to the Elector Palatine but is now Subject
That not being able to abstain from Coughing he desired one of his Companions to kill him for fear his Cough should discover the Enterprize Ever since this surprize it is the Custom here to search all laden Boats by stabbing them with a Spit The Hollanders kept Breda until 1625. That the Marquess of Spinola General of the Troops of Spain besieged it Aug. 27. 1625. and took it the 5th of June 1625. This Loss afflicted the Hollanders extreamly but they retook it in 1637. and have kept it ever since Breda is of a Triangular Figure at each Angle there is a Gate Built with Brick and the Curtins are flanked with Thirteen Bastions besides several Cavaleers all mounted with Cannon Breda however is not very well Built yet there is a pretty fair Street in it the Town-house and some other Places indifferent It is in a Marshy Ground and often overflown Its Fields are plentiful in Pastures watered by the Rivers of Aade and Mereck which being joined enter into the City and form divers Channels The Palace of the Castle was lately imbellish'd and the Fortifications repaired and new ones made by the Prince of Orange now King William III. of Great Brittain to whom the City and Barony belongs so that now it is a large Regular City and is both by Nature and Art thought impregnable Besides the Ramparts which are all supported by very strong Brick Arches and raised above the Houses of the Place there are a great many Outworks surrounded with double broad Ditches full of Water Breda is 27 Miles N. E. of Antwerp 20 W. of Boisleduc and 52 S. of Amsterdam Long. 23 d. 57 m. Lat. 51 d. 38 m. III. Bergen-Op-Zoom Bergen-Op-Zoom that is Mountain upon the Zoom Lat. Bergae ad Zomam Berga or Mons supra Zomam and Berci Zoma with the Title of Marquisate is a small but strong Town partly situated upon the River Zoom and partly upon a little Mountain The Church of St. Gertruda was Converted there into a Collegial Church about 1442. Bergen-Op-Zoom has had particular Lords ever since 1212. The Emperor Charles V. being at Tournay in 1528. or according to others in 1533. erected it into a Marquisate since that time the Hollanders got it after the Death of the Marquiss De Bergues whom the Dutchess of Parma had sent into Spain where he was Arrested and Died 1567. They have Fortified this Place well and regularly with a Channel that goes to the Sea defended by divers Forts The Buildings of the Town are fair and handsom and its three Market-places large and capacious Amongst the Edifices the Church of St. Lambert and the Marquesses Palace deserve Observation The Commandant of Requesens was defeated in 1574. near this City which the Prince of Parma Besieged in vain An. 1588. and Marquess Spinola in 1622. It stands 18 Miles N. of Antwerp and 18 W. of Breda Long. 23 d. 32 m. Lat. 51 d. 32 m. IV. Grave Grave Lat. Gravia is a strong Town and of great Importance seated upon the left side of the Meuse whose Waters fill the large Moats which Environ Seven large Bulwarks with their Half-Moons John III. Duke of Brabant in 1323. gave it to Otho Prince of Cuick and Heverle who restored it in 1328. Afterwards it was the occasion of great Wars between the Dukes of Brabant and Holland who both pretended a Right to it It is the Capital City of the Country of Cuickland remarkable for its Fertility and has been a long time in the Hands of the Hollanders Only about the Year 1672. the Torrent of French Victory swept it away into the Power of Lewis XIV But in the Year 1677. Monsieur Chamilli Governour for the King of France surrender'd it to the Prince of Orange now our King after it had been for some time Besieged by Mr. Rabenhauft It lyes in a Marshy Ground 18 Miles almost W. of Boisleduc 72 N. E. of Brussels and 8 S. W. of Nimeguen Long. 24 d. 56 m. Lat. 51 d. 48 m. V. Ravestein Ravestein stands upon the Meuse a little below Grave The Dukes of Cleve have been Lords of Ravestein where they had a good Cittadel but William Duke of Cleve and Juliers was obliged to demolish it by one of the Articles made with the Emperor Charles V. The Duke of Newburg is Sovereign of Ravestein but the Hollanders are in Possession of it It stands 10 Miles almost W. of Nimeguen Long. 24 d. 53 m. Lat. 51 d. 48 m. VI. Helmont Helmont is a little Town and Castle on the River Aade and the Capital of Kemperland It lies 18 Miles S. of Grave and 60 N. E. of Brussels Long. 24 d. 42 m. Lat. 51 d. 32 m. VII Eyndenhove Eyndenhove or Eyndoven is a fine little Town in the Territory of Kemperland subject to the Hollanders ever since 1629. It stands on the River Dommel 10 Miles W. of Helmont Long. 24 d. 38 m. Lat. 51 d. 30 m. VIII Maestricht Maestricht Lat. Obtricum Trajectum ad Mosam or Trajectum Superius to distinguish it from Vtrecht called Trajectum ad Rhenum or Trajectum Inferius It stands upon the Western Bank of the Meuse which has here a Beautiful Stone Bridge over it consisting of Nine Arches from whence the Town hath its Name signifying the passage over the Maes On the Eastern Bank lyes the Wick which is a Suburb to the City The Bishops of Liege and the Dukes of Brabant heretofore divided the Jurisdiction of this City betwixt them but it was in the hands of the latter and with that Dutchy passed to the House of Austria who enjoyed it till 1632. when it was taken by the Hollanders who kept it by the Treaty of Munster The French took it after a sharp Siege in 1673. The Hollanders endeavoured the Reduction of it in 1676. but without success they recovered it by the Eighth Article of the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1678. The Private Houses here are generally covered with a black Slate or Ardoise otherwise not very Beautiful The Town-house is a very fair structure seated in one of the Piazza's Built of white Stone and very well Painted in the inside In another Piazza is a Fountain a row of Trees and a great Church This Town is very strong tho' its Wall be old the Out-works being very considerable Towards the S. E. lyes a Hill which arises gently and overlooks the Town under this Hill is one of the Noblest Quarries of Stone in the World To secure the Town from the disadvantage it might receive from this Hill there was formerly a Fort Built upon it but it has been long since slighted and they have cut an Horn-work within Musket-shot of it and the Bastion answering to it is made very high to cover the Town On the other side of the River stands Wick very well Fortified also and rather stronger than Maestricht into which they may retire if the Town should be taken by Storm All about the Wick the Country is flat there are here many Inhabitants about
Long. 22 d. 44 m. Lat. 50 d. 24 m. V. Bouchain Bouchain Lat. Bochonium and Buccinium is situated upon the left Bank of the Scheld betwixt Valenciennes and Cambray It is a small Town but well Fortified and has a very good Castle It is the Capital of the County of Ostervand which in Times past belong'd immediately to the Eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault it belongs to the French ever since 1676. and stands 10 Miles S. W. of Valenciennes and 28 W. of Mons. VI. Soignes Soignes is a small inconsiderable Town on the River Senne Eight Miles N. E. of Mons. VII Roccles Roccles is also a small open Town Eight Miles almost N. E. of Mons. VIII Quesnoy Quesnoy is a small Town but pretty considerable for its strength Subject to the French since 1654. It stands Seven Miles S. E. of Valenciennes and 18 S. W. of Mons. IX Bavay Bavay is a little Town about Six Miles S. W. of Mons. X. Maubeuge Maubeuge is a strong rich little Town on the River Sambre 10 Miles S. of Mons. XI Beaumont Beaumont is a little Town Nine Miles E. of Maubeuge and 15 S. E. of Mons Subject to the French and demolish'd by them in 1691. XII Landrecy Landrecy Lat. Landrecium seated on the Fountain of the River Sambre is small but strongly Fortified and Famous for the Sieges it has endured The Emperor Charles V. Besieged it in 1542. for Six Months with 150000 Men and retired from it at last without success By the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. it was left to the French It stands 15 Miles S. W. of Maubeuge and 23 S. of Mons. XIII Avesnes Avesnes is a pleasant and well Fortified Town upon the River Hepre in le pays entre Sambre Meuse it was granted to the French by the Pyrenaean Treaty and stands 10 Miles S. of Maubeuge and 30 W. of Cambray XIV Chimay Chimay seated on the River la Blanche or the White is at the entrance of the Forests Six Leagues from Avesnes notwithstanding what it has suffered by the almost continual Wars it is now very well re-establish'd and has a fine Castle It stands 21 Miles S. E. of Maubeuge XV. Marienburg Marienburg stands on the River Blanche it derives its Name from Mary of Austria Queen of Hungary and Governess of the Low Countries who Built it in 1542. It s situation is so advantageous that it was look'd upon as impregnable Yet the French took it and kept it by the Pyrenaean Treaty and have since dismantled it It lyes 29 Miles S. E. of Mons. XVI Philippeville Philippeville was Built by the same Queen Mary of Hungary in 1555. and called by the Name of King Philip. Besides its Situation that is naturally strong it was excellently well fortified to oppose the French who are Masters of it now according to the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands 11 Miles W. of Charlemont 15 S. of Charleroy 20 S. W. of Namur and 24 S. E. of Mons. Places of Hainault belonging to the Spaniards I. Lessines LEssines or Lessin Lat. Lessina is a small City on the River Dender famous for the Manufactory of Linnen it stands 18 Miles N. of Mons 20 almost W. of Brussels and 22 S. of Ghent Long. 23 d. 8 m. Lat. 50 d. 50 m. II. Aeth At h or Aeth is not very large but Beautiful Rich and well Fortified seated upon the River Dender It was taken by the French in 1667. and confirmed to them by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle but restored to the Spaniards in 1678. by the Treaty of Nimeguen It stands on the Borders of Flanders 14 Miles almost N. W. of Mons. III. Enghien Enghien or Anguien is a small place on the Borders of Brabant and Flanders noted for its Manufactories of all sorts of Tapestries and for being the first Barony of the Provinces which gives the Title of Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon It stands 16 Miles N. of Mons. Two or three Miles S. of Enghien is the Village Steenkirk by the River Senne and Famous for the Battel that was fought there betwixt the Confederates Army and the French in 1692. The loss of Men was almost equal but the French carried the Day IV. Halle Halle is a small dismantled Town on the River Sennes plundered by the French in 1691. It stands 21 Miles almost N. E. of Mons. V. Braine-le-Comte Braine-le-Comte is another small inconsiderable Town nigh the Borders of Brabant between Brussels and Mons 13 Miles off the former and 14 off the latter VI. Fontain or l'Evesque Fontain or l'Evesque is also an inconsiderable Town of Hainault on the Borders of Namur 16 Miles E. of Mons. Article XI Of Cambresis Lat. Cameracensis Ager CAmbresis is bounded on the North and East with Hainault on the West with Artois Bounds and on the South with Picardy It s Extent South-East and North-West is about 30 Miles Extent and West about 16. This Country is very fruitful in all things except Wine Quality and has a Castle called Castle Cambresis where in 1559. there was concluded a Peace between Spain and France which last gave 98 considerable Places for St. Quentin Ham and Catelet The Chief Rivers here are 1. Scheld which washes Crevecoeur and Cambray Rivers and runs into Hainault 2. Selle which washes Castle or Chateau Cambresis and runs into Hainault 3. Sambre which goes through a little part of this Country and runs into Hainault The Cities or Walled Towns are but Three in number viz. Cambray Archb. Cap. Crevecoeur Chateau Cambresis Which are all under the French I. Cambray Cambray Lat. Cameracum seated upon the Scheld is great fair well Built and one of the strongest Towns of Europe with Two Cittadels in it Some Authors write that Camber King of the Sicambrians was the Founder of it Claudion King of France Conquered it in 445. and afterwards it fell to Charles the Bald in 843. and 870. after the Death of Lothaire II. and sometimes after it became the Subject of War between the Kings of France the Emperors of Germany and the Counts of Flanders Baldwin I. Count of Flanders took it and gave it to his Son Raoul The Emperors declared it a free Town but for all that the French never quitted their Claim to it In 1542. Francis I. of France consented it should be Neuter but the Emperor Charles V. took it the Year after and kept the Inhabitants in awe by a Cittadel Built at their own Expences It changed Masters some time after when the Duke of Alencon Brother to King Henry III. was made Count of Flanders in 1582. He was also Master of Cambray and left it to John Montiu Sieur of Belagny who soon after join'd himself to the League and afterwards made Peace with Henry IV. who made him Prince of Cambray and Mareschal of France in 1594. but the Spaniards surprised this Town and forced him to deliver them the Cittadel the 9th of October 1595. The Inhabitants
acknowledged Philip II. of Spain but the Archbishop made such Complaints and shewed such Reasons that the King was satisfied with being Master of the Cittadel and Protector of the Country and left all other Jurisdiction to that Prelate The Spaniards Fortified this Town very well and kept such a strong Garison in it that it was look'd upon to be impregnable Yet the King of France took it in 1677. The great Cittadel is upon a heighth which commands all the Town the Ditch is wrought in a Rock The Ramparts of the Town are also Environed with deep Ditches chiefly to the East defended with many good Bastions It reaches to the River and has another good Fort to defend it of that side which lying low may be soon drowned by drawing the Sluces The Chapter of this City is one of the most considerable of the Low Countries consisting of 48 Canons and 95 Ecclesiasticks which Officiate in our Lady's Church It 's affirmed that Diogenes a Grecian by Nation was the first Prelate of Cambray sent into France by Pope Siricius about 408. Pope Paul IV. made it an Archbishoprick in 1559. upon the Request of King Philip of Spain and the Bishopricks of Arras Tournay St. Omer and Namur were given for Suffragants The Archbishops take the Title of Dukes of Cambray Counts of Cambresis and Princes of the Empire The Streets of this Town are wide and very neat and the chiefest and richest end in a great Place where the Town-house is Built and has a very curious Clock There are also very good Manufactures as Cambray and especially of many sorts of Linnen that bear the Name of the City It stands 34 Miles S. W. of Mons 40 N. E. of Amiens and 94 almost N. of Paris Long. 22 d. 24 m. Lat. 50 d. 51 m. II. Crevecoeur Crevocoeur is a place of no great Moment on the River Scheld nigh Four Miles S. of Cambray III. Chateau-Cambresis Chateau-Cambresis is another inconsiderable Town of Cambresis on the River Selle 15 Miles S. E. of Cambray Article II. Of the County of Artois Lat. Artesia ARtois borders Picardy on the South The Boulonnois on the West Bounds The County of Flanders on the North and the Cambresis on the East It s Extent Extent South and North West is about 55 miles and about 40 West and East It is exceeding fertile in all sorts of Corn but more particularly of Wheat Quality which it produces in such a measure that this Province serves as a Granary to a great part of Flanders and Brabant It has in it twelve Cities or Walled Towns Cities 850 Villages Villages c. nine Chattelenies or Castlewards and several Abbeys and Monasteries The Chief Rivers in this Province are Rivers 1. Scharpe which here washes Arras and runs into Flanders nigh Douay 2. Lys which here washes Aire and St. Venant and runs into Flanders 3. Aa which here washes Reutly and St. Omers and runs into Flanders 4. Canche which washes Hesdin and runs into France Artois was subject to the Romans and afterwards to the Kings of Austrasia History and Government since whose times it has often changed Masters Lewis the XIth King of France made himself Master of Arras in 1477. after Charles the Bold or Rash Duke of Burgundy but Mary of Burgundy this Charles's Daughter brought it into the House of Austria marrying Maximilian the 1st of Austria Father of Philip I. and Grandfather of Charles V. and Ferdinand I. Francis the I. of France was forced by the Peace of Madrid in 1529. to quit Artois to the Spaniards which was afterwards possessed by Philip II and III. But the French re-conquered it under Philip IV. Son of the last who yielded it 'em by the 35 Article of the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. reserving to himself the Towns of Aire and St. Omer since taken by the French so that they are now Masters of all this Province The most remarkable places in Artois are Arras Bish Ch. Cit. St. Omer Bish Bapaume Hesdin Bethune St. Venant Aire Priory Therouane Lens Avesne le Comte Liques Pernes I. Arras Arras Lat. Rigiacum or Origiacum is seated on the Scharpe with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Cambray This is a very ancient City St. Vast who died in 540. was its first Bishop Lewis XI of France made himself Master of it in 1493. but restored it afterward to the Emperor Maximilian The Spaniards fortified it so as to think they had rendred it impregnable whereupon they caused the Emblem of some Rats running after Cats to be carved on the Frontispiece of one of the Gates of this City with these two boasting verses Quand ces Rats prendront ces Chats Les Francois prendront Arras That is When these Rats shall catch these Cats Then the French shall take Arras This Prophecy proved false for the Mareschals of Chaune Chatillon and La Meilleraye laid Siege to and carried it in 1640 after they had defeated the Cardinal Infanta that came to relieve the Place And the French leaving the said Emblem upon the Gate did but take away the P in the word Prendront of the second verse which quite alters the signification of the Motto as Quand ces Rats prendront ces Chats Les Francois rendront Arras That is When these Rats shall catch these Cats Then the French shall yield Arras The Spaniards sate before it in 1654. but were beat off with great loss so that it still belongs to the French who have made its Fortifications very strong and regular It is a place of large circumference well Peopled Rich and Trading The Streets are broad and fair adorned with a spacious Market-place Here is also a beautiful Cathedral a very wealthy Abbey and a strong Castle This City stands 20 miles almost of Cambray 30 N. E. of Amiens and 92 N. of Paris Long. 21 d. 55 m. Lat. 50 d. 20 m. II. St. Omer St. Omer in Latin Fanum Sancti Audomari and Vrbs Audomarensis lies on the River Aa in the Country of the Ancient Morins with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cambray St. Omer or Audomarus Bishop of Therouan built this City in 660. And Foulques Abbot of St. Bertin began to encompass it with Walls in 880. which was afterward finished by Baldwin II. Sirnamed the Bald Earl of Flanders in 902. who also joined the Abbey of Sithieu to the City Afterwards Therouan being demolished in the XVI Century there were instead of it founded two Bishopricks in 1559. viz. that of Bologne and of St. Omer Near to this City is a Lake containing several small floating Islands Inhabited by certain Families that never marry but among themselves without going out of these Islands which they make to go too and fro at pleasure either with Cords or Poles St. Omer is a great and fair City well fortified having on the one side the River and Marshes and on the other side is defended by a strong Castle with good Bastions and deep
the Pyrenaean Treaty Brisac has given its name to Brisgaw and has been in former times its Capital but since Fribourg has carried it Brisgaw belonged formerly to the Dukes of Leringuen and afterwards to the Earls of Furstemburg Hugh or Hegon sold it in 1367. to the Dukes of Austria to whom the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria had already Mortgaged Brisac about the year 1326. Since that time the Country of Brisgaw has always belong'd to the House of Austria till the French made themselves Masters of the most Part. Brisac tho' a Notable Fortification is but a Miserable Town It stands 26 Miles N. of Basil and 30 S. of Strasburg Long. 27 d. 22 m. Lat. 48 d. II. Fribourg Fribourg Lat. Friburgum is the Capital City of Brisgaw seated upon the little River of Threseim at the end of a Fertile Plain and upon a rising Ground where the black Mountain begins Albert VI. Duke of Austria Founded in it a University and a Sovereign Chamber the Jurisdiction of which reach'd once a great way but now not above Four Miles The Swedes took it three times in 1632. 1634. and 1638. This Town is Renowned for its Riches and other Advantages and for a Famous Battel that the Duke of Anguien since Lewis Prince of Conde won there in 1644. in which General Merci was Killed Mareschal Crequi took it in 1677. for Lewis XIV after a Siege of Seven or Eight Days It is a large and well peopled City regularly Fortified with several Churches and Religious Houses in it This is also the Residence of the Chapter of Basil from which place it stands 26 Miles almost N. and 10 Miles E. of Brisac Long. 27 d. 31 m. Lat. 47 d. 58 m. III. Newenburg Newenburg is a decaying Place on the Rhine 14 Miles S. of Brisac once Imperial but now Subject to the Emperor Remarkable Places in Ortnaw I. Ofemburg OFemburg Lat. Offemburgum is an Imperial free City in Schwaben and the Capital of Ortnaw seated upon the River Kintzig about one League from the Rhine and Eight Miles S. E. of Strasburg Long. 27 d. 37 m. Lat. 48 d. 23 m. It is under the protection of the House of Austria II. Gengenbach Gengenbach is a little Imperial free City on the River Kintzig 14 Miles S. E. of Strasburg It is also protected by the House of Austria III. Baden Baden or Bade Lat. Bada and Thermae Inferiores with the Title of Marquisate is a small neat City Famous for its Baths This Marquisate is upon the Rhine between Brisgaw and the Dutchy of Wirsemberg Its Marquesses are Princes of the Empire and are of a very Noble and Ancient Family of which there are two Branches the first is Baden Hocberg and the other Baden Durlach the first is Roman Catholick and the second Lutheran These two Branches act by turns in the Diet of the Empire and in the Circle of Suabia but the Baden Durlach Branch has two Voices one for Durlach and the other for Hocberg The present Prince Lewis of Baden who has been General for the Emperor in Hungary and has rendered his Name Immortal by the great Victories he has obtained against the Turks and who came over into England to Visit Their Majesties in 1694. is of the Branch of Hocberg and the yâ—ung Prince his Nephew that came with him of that of Durlach This Town is subject to the Branch of Durlach and stands 22 Miles N. E. of Strasburg 34 almost S. of Spire and 40 N. W. of Tubingen Long. 27 d. 52 m. Lat. 48 d. 38 m. IV. Durlach Durlach is a Town and very good Castle of the Marquisate of Baden having â—lso the Title of Marquisate it give its Name to a Branch of the Family of Baden and is named Doâ—â—â—cum in Latin It is Subject to its own Prince and stands 16 Miles N. E. of Baden V. Pfortzheim Pfortzheim is a small Town in the Marquisate of Baden on the Rivers Entz and Nagold 17 Miles nigh S. of Philipsburg and 27 N. E. of Baden It was taken by the French in 1691. left and taken again in 1692. Article II. The Palatinate of the Rhine Lat. Palatinatus Inferior Germ. Psaltz auff Rhein or Nider Pfaltz THE Palatinate of the Rhine or lower Palatinate to distinguish it from the upper Bounds which lyes on the Danube and belongs to the Duke of Bavaria according to the Treaty of Munster who formerly enjoyed both Borders on the North the Archbishoprick of Mentz on the West Lorrain and the Archbishoprick of Triers on the South Alsatia and on the East Franconia and Suabia or Schwaben It s Extent Extent South and North is about 80 Miles and almost as many West and East including the Bishoprick of Spire The Air is here good and wholesom tho' somewhat Cold Quality The Soil extreamly fruitful in delicate Wines Corn and Pastures There are also several Mines of Agath and Jasper and fine Gold is drawn out of the Sand of the Rhine of which they Coin very good Ducats which bear the Name of that River The Rivers Rivers here are the Rhine and the Neckar which falls into that at Manheim The Country takes its Name from the Office of Count Palatine Name of Palatinate bestowed by the Emperor on those who Administred Justice in his Name to the Empire of which there was two one on the Rhine who had the Charge of Franconia and the Neighbouring Countries and the other in Saxony History and other Countries Subject to the Saxon Law Hence it is that the Electors of Saxony or the Elector Palatine or Elector of Bavaria are Vicars of the Empire in their respective Provinces when there is an Interregnum by the Emperors Death or otherwise At first the Count Palatine of the Rhine had no Possessions on that River but in process of time got them by Marriage Purchase or Imperial Gift and formed a very considerable Principality so that besides several Fiefs betwixt Coblentz and Andernach and in Juliers and besides the Dutchies of Newburg Saltzbach and Deuxponts and other dependencies on them it has divers more Dutchies and Counties The Family of the Princes Palatine of the Rhine is descended from Otho the Illustrious Duke of Bavaria who died in 1245. leaving two Sons Lewis II. Count Palatine of the Rhine and Elector and Henry XIII Duke of Bavaria The Elector Frederick III. begun in 1576. to entertain many Protestant Families in his Dominions who fled from the Low Countries His Successors doing the like did thereby mightily enrich the Countrey This Prince made his Revenues very considerable by the Reformation Right of Conduct to Strangers Toll upon Merchandizes that pass'd his Territories and the Title he had to the Goods of Strangers or those who died without Will in his Dominions Frederick the IIId was Succeeded by his Son Lewis the IVth who turned Protestant and was Succeeded by Frederick the IVth who also abandon'd Popery He Married Louise Daughter to the Prince of Orange by whom
Croatia on the West and Sclavonia and Rascia on the North. History This Country was anciently part of Pannonia conquered since by the Goths and at last by the Sclavonians Tributaries who becoming Tributaries and subjects to the Hungarians Bosnia had the same Fate It consisted then only of one Province which has since had Princes of its own Mahomet II. seized it in 1463. and Flead Stephen the last King of Bosnia In 1688. at the same time that the Duke of Bavaria marched to the Siege of Belgrade Prince Lewis of Baden went with a strong Detachment of Germans and Hungarians to the Conquest of Bosnia The Croatians having Orders to join with him the 14th of August his Army passed the River Vnna tho' the Bassa opposed him with 15000 Men after which he took Castanovitza which is a Castle of three strong Towers and a Wall according to the ancient way of Fortification and seated on the Vnna between Croatia and Bosnia which yielded without resistance The 15th the Army went towards Gradisca which was set on fire and deserted as was also Debitza and Jassenovitz and 3000 Turks were intercepted and cut off near the former The 25th he marched toward Brod the Croats being sent home in order to reinforce the Siege of Belgrade but finding the Bassa had still a considerable Body of Men he resolved to disperse them before he went The Bassa lay then at Terwent five Hungarian Miles from Brod and the 4th of September he marched towards him in the Night with a Body of 3000 German Horse without any Foot The 5th by break of Day they fell upon the Enemies Camp 15000 strong and defeated their Horse and of 7000 Foot which could not so well shift 5000 were slain and 2000 taken with the loss of 150 Christians upon which Bagnaluca the last Town yielded to Prince Lewis and since that the Germans are become Masters of all the other Places and have reconquered the whole Province The Principal places of this Province are Sari or Bosna Saray Cap. Iswornick Ternovitza Bagnialuck or Bagnaluca Kretno Jaickza or Yetze Debitza or Dobicza Jassenovitz Tina I. Sari Sari or Bosna-Saray is seated upon the River Miglazza and is accounted now the principal City of Bosnia which honour belong'd formerly to Jaitza and then to Warbosaum and stands 50 Miles S. W. of Peter-Waradin and 175 S. of Buda Long. 40 d. 15 m. Lat. 45 d. 10 m. II. Jaykza Jaycza Gieza or Gaitia formerly the Capital City of Bosnia is a mighty strong City and Castle seated on the River Plena This City was recovered by the King of Hungary in 1463. from the Turks who endeavoured to retake it the same year without success but they took it afterwards and made it the seat of a Sangiack or Governour It stands 42 Miles E. of Wihitz 60 almost N. of Bagnialuck 82 Miles N. E. of Zara and 154 almost S. of Buda Long. 39 d. 15 m. Lat. 45 d. 22 m. Article X. Sclavonia UNder the name of Sclavonia the ancients comprehended Hungary Sclavonia propria Croatia Ancient Extent Dalmatia Bosnia Servia Rascia and Bulgaria reaching from the River Drave to the Gulph of Venice Modern Bounds But by Sclavonia at present is only meant that part of the ancient Pannonia which is bounded by the Drave on the North Rascia on the East the Save on the South and Germany Extent on the West It is 32 German Miles in length and 12 in breadth It is said to have had its name from the Slavi an ancient People who came from Scythia in the time Name of the Emperor Justinian History and having seized Istria and all Grecia founded the Kingdom of Poland under Lechus and that of Moravia under Zechus Anno 550. they were beat out of Greece by Constantine And in 783. they were kept under by Lewis the Pious In 807. they embraced Christianity by the Preaching of one Methodius The Emperor Lewis II. had War with them about 858. as also the Emperor Otho in 960. They infested Canute and Sueno Kings of the Danes in the Xth Century but Walduner overcame them in 1161. Anno 1200. Canute the Dane overcame the Marquess of Brandenburg who had possest himself of Sclavonia and after this the Sclavonians became Tributaries to the Hungarians They were most of them of the Roman Church Religion Language but performed their Worship in their own Language which was formerly very extensive and spoken in more places than any other living Tongue in Europe and is yet tho' in different Dialects from the Adriatick Gulf to the Northern Ocean by the Istrians Dalmatians Bosnians Moravians Bohemians Lusatians Silesians Poles Lithuanians Prussians Scandinavians and Russians almost as far as Constantinople and much used among the Turks In 1504. this Country was subdued by Solyman the Magnificent Government in 1687. after the Turks were defeated at Mohatz their Army Mutiny'd against the Grand Visier and the Turks deserting it the whole Country except Gradisca submitted to the Emperor This Country is very fruitful and has many Mines Quality Manners the People are so enamoured with War that they often pray they may die with their Swords in their Hands The most remarkable Places here are Posega Gradisca Sopia Novigrad Kopranitz Warasdin Brodt I. Posega Posega the Capital City of Sclavonia is a Place of an indifferent strength but of great Commerce It has 400 Villages depending upon it and consists of about 1000 Houses The Country about it is very fruitful producing fruits of all sorts of an extraordinary size It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialists in 1687. The Bey made at first some resistance but after having fired some Cannon he abandoned the Place part of the Garrison retired to the Mountains and the rest into different places upon the Save The Germans found in it a great quantity of Ammunition and Provision with five Pieces of Cannon This City stands on the River Oriana 120 Miles S. of Buda 126 W. of Belgrade and 185 S. E. of Vienna Long. 39 d. 42 m. Lat. 45 d. 46 m. II. Gradisca Gradiska is a strong Town seated upon the River Save toward the Frontiers of Croatia It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialists under the Command of the Duke of Croy in 1691. It stands 30 Miles almost W. of Posega Long. 39 d. Lat. 45 d. 39 m. III. Brodt Brodt is a small Town 15 Miles S. of Posega famous for a Victory Prince Lewis of Baden gained over the Turks in 1688. Article XI Croatia CRoatia has the Title of a Kingdom and comprehended formerly all between the Drave and the Sea of Dalmatia Bounds and was divided into three parts but now that is called Croatia that lies between Bosnia on the East the Gulf of Venice on the South Germany on the West and Sclavonia on the North Croatia is called Krabatin by the Germans Name Manners and Corbavia in Latin The People of this Province are good
Cittadel were both carried It was restored to the Spaniards about four Months after by the Treaty of Nimeguen II. Bruges Bruges or Bruggen Lat. Bruga and Brugae is scituated in a great Plain within eight or nine miles of the Sea upon the Canal called Reye which being divided into several Navigable Torrents runs in divers places of the City and afterwards these join in the same Canal which goes to the Sluce But this last belonging to the Hollanders the Inhabitants of Bruges about 40 years ago made a new Canal which goes to Ostend that is but about three Leagues from it and the Tide mounting above half way it bears Ships of 400 Tuns to Bruges which maintains a standing Trade there Yet it flourished more in former days before Merchants had bethought of retiring to Antwerp Pope Paul IV. erected Bruges into a Bishoprick suffragant of Malines in 1559 and Peter Curtius was the first Prelate of it This is one of the greatest and beautifullest Cities of Flanders fortified with good Ditches great Ramparts and strong Walls The publick Buildings are very sumptuous the Streets large and strait with several fine Places and chiefly that of the Market whereat six great Streets begin that lead in a strait line to the six principal Gates of the City There are seven Parish Churches The Cathedral is that of St. Donat or Donatian The Provost of this Collegial Church was born President in the Court called St. Donat and hereditary Chancellor of Flanders but this dignity has been united to the Episcopal Title and the Bishop enjoys the priviledge now Besides St. Donat there are the Collegial Churches of St. Salvator and Our Lady the Abbies of St. Andrew and Audemburg and about 60 Religious Houses At the side of the Cathedral is the Bishops Palace and over against it is a great Market-place where the Town-house is an ancient Building enriched with Figures and divers curious pieces of Sculpture The Castle also deserves to be seen Justice is rendred here by six Magistrates who all have a particular Jurisdiction viz. The City the Frank the Provost-ship at present the Bishoprick the Court for Feodal Tenures Zizleele and Mandasche There is also the Water-house with an admirable Machin to convey Water into all the quarters of the City The Spaniards have a great Trade here in Wooll Silk Cotton c. There are a great many Tradesmen who make Fustians Tapestries Cloths and Stuffs of Silk They are divided into 68 Professions This City had a share in the troubles of the Low-Countries during the Civil Wars The English loosing Calais in 1558 removed the Staple for Wooll to Bruges and that for some time preserved it from decaying Philip I. King of Spain was born here in 1478. Bruges stands 24 miles N. W. of Ghent 11. E. of Ostend 34. N. E. of Dunkirk 40 W. of Antwerp Long. 22 d. 24. m. Lat. 51. d. 17. m. III. Ostend Ostend Lat. Ostenda is a Sea-port Town seated in a Marsh at the Mouth of the River Guele and among divers Channels but is chiefly environ'd almost on all sides by two of the greatest of them into which Ships of the greatest bulk may enter with the Tyde it is very well fortified having a strong Rampart a deep Ditch and eight regular Bastions it s contrived so that the Sea may be let in round the Town for a great space which makes it much more strong and defensible than before and as it were impregnable The Spaniards possess no other Port in Flanders but this and Newport and this being the most considerable they are making the Haven large and have made a great Work in order to the carrying of their Ships over into that Cut which goes from Ostend to Bruges out of their Harbour by the means of a very great Lock or receptacle of Water which communicates with both The Town stands low but the streets are streight large and uniform The Haven such that it can never be block'd up This Town was besieged from July 5. 1601. to September 22. 1604. by the Spaniards being then in the hands of the Hollanders and at last was surrender'd upon good Articles after a Siege of three years three months three weeks three days and three hours It s stout defence against the Arch-duke Albert of Austria and Marquess Ambrosius Spinola may be well ascribed to the supplies from England and conduct of Sir Francis Vere The Spaniard lost 78124 men before this Place Tho' when the Arch-duke invested it they did not expect it should hold out a Fortnight which made the Dutchess promise she would never shift her Smock until it were taken the number of those that were kill'd or died in the Town during the Siege amounts to 150000. Ostend stands about nine miles N. E. of Newport 11 W. of Bruges 20 S. W. of Sluys and almost 35 W. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 8 m. Lat. 51 d. 18. m. IV. Newport Newport is a strong Sea-port Town The little River Yperle runs on one side of it which tho' but a mean Channel yet where it falls into the Sea makes a considerable long and secure Haven especially at high Tydes This Town is of good strength has broad and streight streets but the Houses are generally low and most part of Timber The Inhabitants support themselves chiefly by the Fishing-Trade It stands nine miles S. W. of Ostend 16 N. E. of Dunkirk 19 almost W. of Bruges and 40 W. of Ghent Long. 21 d. 55 m. Lat. 51 d. 14. m. Prince Maurice of Nassaw gave the Spaniards a great defeat near this place in 1600. V. Oudenard Oudenard Lat. Aldenardum is divided by the Scheld in two parts and secured by a Castle called Pamele which is joined to the Town by a Bridge over that River This is a rich place and drives a great Trade by the Manufacture of Tapestry which flourisheth here This Town was taken by the French in 1658. restored by the Pyraenean Treaty and retaken by them again in 1667. besieged without success by the Spaniards in 1674. but by the Peace at Nimeguen restored to them in 1679. It stands 14 Miles S. of Ghent and 36 W. of Brussels Long. 22 d. 48 m. Lat. 51 d. 15 m. VI. Alost Alost by the Natives Aelst is the Capital City of the Imperial Flanders on the River Dender it had formerly Counts of its own and suffered very much in the last Age The Spaniards surpriz'd it in 1576. and committed a thousand disorders In 1582 the Duke of Anjou made himself master of it After which the English who had it in keeping sold it to the Prince of Parma In 1667. the French took it but now it is again in the hands of the Spaniard unfortified The Territory of Alost comprehends about 170 Villages the County of Waes and four Cities which are called Offices viz. Halst Axtle Bouchout and Assenede This City stands five miles from Brussels and 15 from Ghent Long. 23. d. 18. m. Lat. 51. d. VII Ninove
to be brought to Bed that their Children may enjoy their Priviledges In the compass of the Province lyes but one City City or Walled Town and Nine Villages Villages The chief Rivers are Rivers 1. The Dele which runs through the middle and washes Mechlin and then into Brabant and falls into the Scheld 2. Senne which here falls into the Dele Malines Malines or Mechlin Lat. Mechlinia and by those of the Country Mackelen or Meckelen upon the Dele is the Capital of the Lordship of that Name It s Bigness and Magnificence cause it to be called Malines the Beautiful as Antwerp the Rich Brussels the Noble Louvain the Wise Ghent the Great and Bruges the Ancient The situation is very pleasant and because of the Tide the Trade is very good There is an Archbishoprick's See founded by Paul IV. in 1559. with the Title of Primate of the Low-Countries Cardinal Granville was the first Archbishop The Cathedral Church is Consecrated to St. Rombaut Malines is the place of the great Royal Council instituted by Charles Duke of Burgundy in 1473. There is also the Parliament of the Knights of the Fleece and the Prince's Arsenal Speaking of this Arsenal I cannot but mention that the Thunder having set on Fire several Barrels of Powder in 1546. it broke out with such fury that it overturned a Tower and above 300 Houses dryed up the Ditch about the Town and caused extraordinary Damage In the Suburb is St. Alexis's Nunnery where there are 15 or 1600 Nuns who are allowed to walk abroad to pay and receive Visits and to Marry when they please The Lordship of Malines had its own Lords until 1336. that it became a free Town After that time it belonged to the House of Burgundy till it entred into that of Austria in 1477. Its Inhabitants are free from all Taxes for the good Service perform'd to Charles the Bold Earl of Flanders at the Siege of Nuis upon the Rhine Here have been Two Provincial Councils the first in 1570. and the second in 1607. The chief Trade of this place consists in Tanning making of Linnen Cloth Point and Lace which bear the Name of the City and casting great Artillery and Guns It stands 11 Miles N. W. of Louvain 13 almost N. of Brussels 14 S. E. of Antwerp and 30 E. of Ghent Long. 23 p. 44 m. Lat. 51 d. 6 m. Article V. Part of the Dukedom of Gelderland belonging to the Spaniards THat part of Gelderland which is Subject to the Spaniards Bounds has on the East and North Cleves in Germany on the West Brabant and on the South Juliers in Germany Extent It s extent is about 36 Miles North and South and about 28 East and West The Soil is fertile and yields all sorts of Grains abounding moreover with rich Pasture-grounds Quality which fatten great Droves of Cattel which are sent from many far Places The chief Rivers here are Rivers 1. The Meuse which runs through the midst of this part washing Ruremonde and Venlo and so passes on dividing Brabant from the rest of Guelderland 2. Niers which washes Gelders and runs into Cleves The Chief Towns are Gelders Cap. Venlo Ruremond Bish I. Gelders The City of Guelders Lat. Gueldria which they of the Country call Gelre is seated on a Marshy Ground upon the little River of Niers which environs it instead of a Moat The Castle is extreamly strong and said to be impregnable by reason of its situation In 1627. the Spaniards laboured to have brought the Rhine to the City of Guelders and into the Meuse on purpose to have cut off the Commerce between Germany and Holland but fail'd in their Enterprize It stands 26 Miles nigh S. E. of Nimeguen the Chief of the Province and 11 Miles almost N. of Venlo Long. 25 d. 37 m. Lat. 51 d. 31 m. II. Venlo Venlo is a very strong Town on the River Meuse by the Borders of Juliers It is a Hance-Town but Subject to the Spaniards and stands 11 Miles S. W. of Gelders and 11 N. of Ruremond Long. 25 d. 24 m. Lat. 51 d. 27 m. III. Ruremond Ruremond Lat. Ruremonde is the second City of Gelderland with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines on the River Meuse at the Mouth of the Roer or Rura from which it takes its Name It s Collegiate Church was Erected in 1559. into a Cathedral by Pope Paul IV. William Lindall was the first Prelate of it The City is large fair and rich having many stately Monasteries in it whereof that of the Carthusians is the most considerable It stands 11 Miles S. of Venlo and 21 S. of Gelders Long. 25 d. 22 m. Lat. 51 d. 16 m. Article VI. Of the Dukedom of Limburg Limburgensis Ducatus LImburg has the Dutchy of Juliers to the East and North Bounds the Bishoprick of Liege to the West and part of Luxemburg to the South It s Extent South and North is about 35 Miles and West and East about 26. Extent It had heretofore Dukes of its own History but upon the Death of Walraine III. whom others call Henry in 1285. Adolph sold it to John Duke of Brabant who pretended a Right to it as descended from Margaret Daughter of Henry Duke of Limburg Married in 1172. to Godfrey Duke of Brabant In 1293. Rainold I. Duke of Guelderland laid claim to it in the Kight of Ermengarde his Wife Daughter of Herman late Duke of Limburg but he losing the Battel of Woring near Collen June 5. 1298. and being taken Prisoner was forced to resign his Right to John Duke of Brabant to regain his Liberty and from that time the Dukes of Brabant have enjoyed it It has excellent Mines of Iron and one of Copper Quality The Earth is very fruitful in Wheat Fruits and Fewel but above all in Grass and Water The Famous Spaw-Waters are not above Three Leagues S. W. from Limburg The Chief Rivers here are Rivers 1. The Meuse which runs but thorough a little part of this Country 2. Geul which washes Valkenburg and falls into the Meuse 3. Weser which watereth Limburg and runs into Liege 4. Bervine which washes Dalem and falls into the Meuse This Province hath but Five Walled Towns and about 120 Villages The Towns are Limburg Cap. to the Spaniards Dalem to the Hollanders Valkenburg to the Hollanders Rolduck to the Hollanders Remborg to the Hollanders I. Limburg Limburg Lat. Limburgum is pleasantly seated upon a steep Rock which overlooks all the Country round about at the bottom thereof runs the River Weser almost round it among several shady Woods It is but a small City for it chiefly consists of one broad short Street neither is it considerable for its beauty the Buildings for the most part being of Wood. But it is of no small consideration for its strength for it is encompassed with a strong Wall and a Trench and the access to it which is on the North side is extreamly
died in 1604. left by his Wife Magdalen Daughter to William Duke of Cleves and Juliers who brought along with her the Reversion of her Father's Estates Four Sons viz. Lewis-William who died in 1581. John II. Frederick-Casimir who Married in 1614. Amelia Daughter of William Prince of Orange and John-Casimir who in 1615. Married Catherine Daughter to Charles X. King of Sweden by which he had Charles-Gustavus King of Sweden and Adolph-John and two Daughters John II. Duke of Deux-Ponts took the Title of Duke of Cleves and Juliers c. and died in 1635. leaving behind him by his second Wife Louise-Julienne Daughter to Frederick IV. Elector Palatine several Daughters and one Son called Frederick who enjoyed his Fathers Estates by the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. and died in 1661. without Issue His Nephew Frederick-Lewis Son to Frederick-Casimir and Amelia Countess of Orange and Nassau succeeded him This Frederick-Lewis was Married to his Cousin Julienne-Magdalen Daughter to John II. by which he had Lewis-William Born in 1648. to whom belongs the Dutchy of Deux-Ponts Yet upon the Pretence of the King of Sweden's Right to it the French made themselves Masters of the Town and Castle of Deux-Ponts in Jan. 1676. which they have kept since tho' for the most part Ruin'd VI. Birkenfeld Birkenfeld Lat. Birchofeldia is a small Town with the Title of Principality and Dukedom in the Palatinate of the Rhine belonging to the Palatinate of Bavaria but now Subject to the French It stands in the small Country of Hunsruk near the Nab 24 Miles almost E. of Triers and 45 almost W. of Mentz Long. 26 d. 36 m. Lat. 49 d. 45 m. VII Mont-Royal Mont-Royal is a very strong new little Town Built by the French and subject to the Same in the Palatinate of the Rhine in the Limits of the Archbishoprick of Triers upon the left side of the River Moselle It stands 23 Miles N. E. of Triers and 31 S. W. of Coblentz Long. 26 d. 30 m. Lat. 50 d. Article III. The Archbishoprick and Electorate of Mayence or Mentz THE Archbishoprick and Electorate of Mentz Borders Veteraw on the North Bounds the Electorate of Triers on the West the Lower Palatinate on the South and Franconia on the East It is so strangely scattered and intermixed with other Provinces Extent that the Dimensions of it cannot well be given It s Archbishop is Arch-Chancellor of the Empire History and the first of the Electoral College in all publick Conventions he sits at the Right Hand of the Emperor This Dignity is Elective and depends upon the Chapter which consists of 24 Canons that have Voice commonly called Capitularies There are other Canons which have neither Voice nor Revenue tho' they have made the usual proofs of Nobility for none but Gentlemen are admitted into this Chapter but they may fill the Vacancies of the 24. This Elector has a Mareschal and a Chancellor under him the first for Military Affairs and the other for the Administration of Justice His Dominions consist of Five and twenty Bailywicks which in good Times yield the Archbishop about 1800000 Livres per Ann. The greatest part of this Revenue is raised in Mentz by the Toll which all the Boats that go through it are obliged to pay The Chief River Rivers which waters this Electorate besides the Rhine is the Main which falls into that near Mentz The Electorate and Archbishoprick of Mentz is scattered in several Provinces The Places of Note are Mentz Archb. Cap. about the Rhine Bingen about the Rhine Weisbaden about the Rhine Elfelt about the Rhine Rudisheim about the Rhine Fredberg Imp. in Hesse Fritzlar in Hesse Aschaffemburg in Franconia Biscoffsheim in Franconia Lor County in Franconia Reineck County in Franconia Erfort in Thuringia Heiligenstat in Thuringia Duderstat in Thuringia I shall give you here a Description of those Places only which are about the Rhine the rest being altogether Foreign to our Design I. Mentz Mentz Gall. Mayence Lat. Moguntia or Maguntia and Moguntiacum is situated upon the left Bank of the Rhine it deriveth its Name from the River Mein which falls into the Rhine over against it and is the Ancientest City in that part of Germany as having been certainly Built before the Birth of our Saviour and Famous in the Times of Drusus General of Augustus In 745. it was made an Archbishops See instead of Worms to which it was Suffragan before It was very severely treated by Frederick Aenobarbus the Emperor in 1158. but rebuilt and restored by Otho IV. In 1462. it was taken by Adolphus of Nassau its Archbishop It s University was opened in 1461. Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden entered it in Triumph in 1631. It was retaken from the Swedes in 1635. but they took it again the next Year after and kept it till the Peace of Munster This is a very strong Place adorned with Churches Monasteries and other fair Buildings but the narrowness of its Streets and many old Houses take away from its Beauty It is most extended towards the River and that part excels the other towards the Land as being more populous and better Built This City is famous by the Invention of Printing about 1430. or rather by the Skill of one John Guttemberg who first taught the use of it in Europe which he had learnt in China where 't is said they have had it for above 2000 Years Mentz received a French Garrison in 1688. but being Besieged by the Confederate Forces under the Duke of Lorrain it was surrendred September 11. 1689. after six or seven Weeks Resistance It stands 21 Miles almost W. of Francfort 28 Miles almost N. of Worms 48 N. W. of Heidelberg and 66 E. of Triers Long. 27 d. 43 m. Lat. 49 d. 57 m. II. Bingen Bingen is a fine little Town and Castle upon the Mouth of the little River Nabe or Nave on the Rhine Ammianus Marcellinus and the Itinerary of Antoninus make mention of it It was once Imperial but is now Subject to the Archbishoprick of Mayence and stands 16 Miles W. of that City Near it is an Island in the Rhine with a Castle called Mauszthurn wherein it 's said that Hatto second Archbishop of Mayence was eaten alive by Rats It is now almost wholly ruined Article IV. The Archbishoprick and Electorate of Treves or Triers THE Electorate of Triers lies betwixt Weteraw and the Palatinate on the East Bounds Lorrain on the South Luxemburg on the West Lifal the Archbishoprick of Cologne and Westrowalt on the North. It s of great extent Extent from East to West but narrow from North to South It is Watered both by the Rhine and the Moselle Rivers Quality and yields most plentifully all things necessary for the life of Man The Chapter of Treves has the Privilege of chusing their Archbishops and receive no Princes nor scarcely any Counts in their Prebends or Canonicals the Gentlemen reserve them for People of their own rank
as their only means to come to the Dignity of Elector or Prince of the Empire but the Canons before they are received must give as good proofs of their Noble Birth both by Father and Mother as is required of the Knights of Maltha The Elector of Triers is great Chancellor of the Empire in the Gauls and in the Kingdom of Arles but does not exercise the Function of this Charge because these Places are not under the German Empire but has precedency of the Elector of Cologne and possesses several other advantages Votes before all the other Electors in the Dyets and Assemblies of the Electors in which he has his particular seat over against the Emperor between the two Banks of the other Electors The King of France is Master of several Towns and Castles in this Archbishoprick all along the Moselle which makes it his interest to defend him as Metropolitan of the Bishopricks of Metz Toul and Verdun whereof he is Sovereign but allows the Archbishop the Ecclesiastick Priviledges and Revenues which in times of Peace amount to 1100000 Livres per Annum This Archbishoprick has 24 Bailywicks The Principal Cities and Places in this Electorate are Treves or Triers Arch. Cap. Coblentz Hermanstein Sarbrugh Grimberg Bopart Pruim Abbey Vlmen Oberwesel I. Treves Treves or Triers Lat. Augusta Trevirorum is a very ancient City seated on the Moselle with an Archbishops See and Electorate of the Empire It was ruined four or five times by the Huns Vandals Goths and French but always recovered with greater lustre which gave the Emperors that staid any time in the Gauls occasion to make it their ordinary Residence and adorn it with a Cirque and Capitol The Archbishop of Treves in that quality is Prince of the Empire and Temporal Lord of his Estates and was formerly Metropolitan of the Bishopricks of Mayence Cologne Liege Vtrecht Strasburg Worms and Spire all which are now separated from his Archbishoprick so that he has but three Suffragants viz. Metz Toul and Verdun which are all under the King of France They pretend they have our Saviours Tunick at Treves and that lest it should be stoln away they conceal the place it 's hidden in tho' its like this care is taken the better to keep the cheat undiscovered Several Synods have been held here the Chief whereof was that in 386. upon the subject of the Priscillianists by order of the Tyrant Maximus This City has 4 Collegiate Churches 5 Parishes 2 Abbeys and several Religious Houses It was put into the Hands of the French in 1632. to preserve it as was pretended from the Swedes They kept it till 1645. Mareschal Crequi was defeated near Treves at the Bridge of Consarbick upon Sarr August 11. 1675. and afterwards retired to this Place which was immediately besieged by the Germans who forced the Garrison to surrender upon very dishonourable Terms The French are Masters of it again since 1688. I stands 28 Miles N. E. of Luxemburg and 60 W. of Mentz Long. 26 d. Lat. 49 d. 50 m. II. Coblentz Coblentz is a very strong and populous City upon the Confluent or meeting of the Moselle and Rhine for which reason it is called in Latin Confluentes or Confluentia It is a pretty place with fine Churches and stately Houses along the River The Elector of Treves has a Palace here where he makes his ordinary Residence It stands fifty two Miles N. E. of Trier and 42 from Cologne to the South East Gaspar a Petra much improved its Fortifications by drawing a Line from one River to the other with Fortifications after the most regular modern way On the other side the Rhine is the strong Fortress of Ebrenbeistein commmonly called Hermanstein This Castle is situated upon a Rock has communication with the Town of Coblentz by a Bridge of Boats over the Rhine There is another good Stone Bridge over the Moselle Coblentz is the most considerable Place that belongs now to the Archbishop of Treves III. Hermanstein Hermanstein or Erenbreitstein Lat. Eremberti Lapis is one of the strongest Cittadels of Germany on the Rhine over against Coblentz and the Mouth of the River Moselle in the Archbishop of Triers's Dominions It is situated on a steep inaccessible Rock and in the Siege of 1637. it could not be taken but by Famine It has a stately Palace belonging to the said Elector under it eight Leagues from Mentz and 10 from Cologne Westward IV. Sarbrugh Sarbrugh or Sarbruken Lat. Saraepons or Saraeburgum is on the River Sar overagainst St. Jean on the Borders of Lorrain formerly an Imperial Town but exempted by the Emperor Rodolphus I. and belonging to the Electorate of Treves It is a fine Town very ancient and mentioned in the Itinerary of Antonine but falling under the Duke of Lorrain is now in the Hands of the French It gives Title to a Prince of the House of Nassau and has a Castle which was his usual Residence It stands 12 Miles W. of Deux Ponts and 40 E. of Metz. V. Grimberg Grimberg is a small Town about 15 Miles S. W. of Triers subject to this Elector VI. Boppart Boppart Lat. Bopartium and Bodobriga is a small Town upon the Rhine at the foot of a Hill anciently Imperial now subject to the Elector of Treves It stands eight Miles S. of Coblentz VII Pruim Pruim or Prume is a little Town and Abbey of Benedectine Monks in the Forest of Ardenne between the Electorate of Trier and Luxemburg It is an Ecclesiastical Principality of the Empire whereof the Abbot was formerly Lord but since 1576. the Elector of Trier has it and it was confirmed to him by the Dyet of Ratisbonne in 1654. It stands on a little River of the same name 27 Miles N. E. of Triers VIII Ulmen Vlmen is a small Town 27 Miles W. of Coblentz IX Ober-Wesel Ober-Wesel Lat. Ficelia or Vesalia is a Town upon the Rhine Imperial and Free until in 1312. it fell into the Hands of the Elector of Triers It is memorable for St. Werner's Death slain here by the Jews in 1287. The Mother of Alexander the Roman Emperor is also said to have been assassinated here This Place stands 20 Miles South of Coblentz Article V. The Archbishoprick and Electorate of Cologne or Ceulen THE Electorate of Cologne borders the Dukedom of Juliers on the North and West Bounds The Electorate of Triers on the South and Hesse and part of Westphalia on the East It s Extent Extent cannot easily be determined because it is strangely intermixed with other Provinces The Archbishop is great Chancellor of the Empire in Italy History but never exercises the Function of his Office For Princes that hold any Principalities of the Empire are its perpetual Vicars in which quality they can do in all places in their Jurisdictions what the Emperor could do in common cases and in higher points have recourse to the Imperial Court Wherefore the Archbishop of Metz who is great Chancellor of Germany is
of Lorrain This Death was the source of the Civil Wars of Germany in this manner Mary Eleanor the Dukes Eldest Sister Married to Albert Frederick of Brandenburg Duke of Prussia left four Daughters The Elder called Ann was Married to John Sigismond Marquiss of Brandenburg and Elector of the Empire This Elector the Duke of Newbourg the Marquiss of Burgaw and John George of Saxony which three last Married the three younger Sisters pretended all to the Succession John II. of Bavaria Duke of Deux-Ponts Son of John of Bavaria and of Magdalen of Cleves Sister to Mary Eleanor laid his claim and Charles of Gonzague and Cleves Duke of Nevers appeared also because he was cousin by the Mothers side and bore the name too In the mean time the Emperor Rodolphus II. would sequester the Estate pretending also that it was a Fief with an intention perhaps to appropriate it to himself It 's thought that Henry IV. the Great King of France was about taking the Field to decide the Quarrel when he was murthered in 1610. Afterwards the Marquiss of Brandenburg assisted by the Dutch and the Duke of Newburg supported by the Spaniards disputed the Succession by force of Arms which they divided at last The Dutchy of Cleves the Counties of Mark and Ravensberg falling to the first The Dukedoms of Juliers and Berg and the Lordship of Ravestein being left to the Duke of Newbourg The Spaniards under Spinola made themselves Masters of Juliers in 1622. but it was restored to the Duke again in 1659. The Places of Note in the Dutchy of Cleves are Cleves Cap. Emmerick Rees Wesel Meurs County Genep Burich Orsoy Calcar Duysbourg Santen Fort de Skenck I. Cleves Cleves Lat. Clivis or Clivia because it is built in a Place near the Rhine where there are three deep Acclivities or Descents This derivation of Name from the Latin makes some think that the Town was built by the Romans However it is but little yet well peopled and lies upon a little River near the Place where the Rhine divides it self into two Branches and where the Fort Schenck stands There is a square Tower and other remains of old Buildings seen near it which shew that it has formerly been far greater than it is now It stands 12 Miles almost S. E. of Nimeguen and 66 N. W. of Cologne Long. 25 d. 25 m. Lat. 51 d. 48 m.. II. Emmerik Emmerik vulgo Embric Lat. Emmerica is a large beautiful and wealthy City seated upon the Rhine between Cleves and the Fort of Schenck being about seven Miles N. E. from the first it belongs to the Marquiss of Brandenburg but was Garrisoned by the Hollanders a long time who took it from the Spaniards in 1600. The Elector of Brandenburg pawned Emmerick Orsoy and Wesel to the Dutch and by the taking of them the French began their Conquest of the Vnited Provinces in 1672. But the year next following they restored them to the Elector III. Rees Rees Lat. Reesium is a small Town upon the Rhine formerly well fortified and garrisoned by the Hollanders tho' it belong'd to the Duke of Brandenburg It was taken from them by the French in 1672. and restored to that Prince in 1674. but first dismantled It stands 12 Miles E. of Cleves IV. Wesel Wesel is a strong City seated upon the Rhine at the Confluence of the Lippe It was taken from the Spaniards by the Hollanders in 1629. and from the Hollanders by the French in 1672. who left it to the Elector of Brandenburg in 1674. after they had dismantled it It has been very well fortified of late by that Prince This Place stands 23 Miles S. E. of Cleves V. Meurs Meurs is a well fortified Town with the Title of County some place it in the Archbishoprick of Cologne It had particular Earls formerly but now belongs to the House of Orange and Nassau and so to our King It stands 28 Miles S. E. of Cleves VI. Genep Genep or Gennep Lat. Gennaptum is a small City well fortified 10 Miles S. W. of Cleves It is seated upon the River Mers where it falls into the Meuse and kept by a Dutch Garrison tho' in the Territories of Brandenburg It was once taken by the Spaniards but recovered by the Hollanders in 1641. VII Burich Burich or Budrick Lat. Burichum and Budrichium or Burunchium is a little Town pleasantly seated on the Rhine and pretty well fortified The Hollanders were formerly Masters of it and it is one of the Four Cities which the French King caused to be attack'd at one and the same time at the opening of the Campaign in 1672. The Marshal Turenne Besieged and carried it It stands 20 Miles E. of Cleves VIII Orsoy Orsoy Lat. Orsovium or Orsocum is a strong Town upon the Rhine _____ Miles of Cleves It was taken by the Prince of Orange in 1634. for the Hollanders and afterwards taken from those by the French in 1672. but abandon'd by them in 1674. IX Calcar Calcar is situated upon the River of Meine a League from the Rhine and two from Cleves to the S. E. It has a Castle and is well fortified the Streets are narrow so that there is nothing considerable but the great Place where the Town-House is X. Duisbourg Duisbourg Lat. Duisburgum is seated on the River Roer belonging to the Elector of Brandenburg it was an Imperial Town formerly but has lost this Privilege It is different from Duisbourg the most Ancient Viscounty of Brabant And stands 35 Miles S. E. of Cleves XI Santen Santen is a large and ancient Town not far off the Rhine Nine Miles W. of Wesel and 15 S. E. of Cleves It is under the Elector of Brandenburg and noted for the finest Church in all that Dutchy wherein are above 30 Altars with the History of the Gospel Carved exquisitely in Timber they have abundance of Relicks here and among other things pretend to a Manuscript of St. Paul's Writing XII Fort de Skenck Fort de Skenck Lat. Arx Skenckia Germ. Schenkenschans is a strong Fort on the Borders of Gelderland in a place where the Rhine dividing it self into two Channels makes the River Wahal and the other Branch keeps the Name of Rhine This Fort takes its Name from the Builder Martin Skenck The Spaniards took it by Surprize from the Hollanders in 1635. who retook it the next Year after a Siege of Eleven Months In 1672. it was taken by the French in two Days and was by them restored to the Duke of Brandenburg in 1674. and in 1679. Mortgaged by that Prince to the Hollanders who are now Masters of it It stands 3 Miles N. of Cleves Dukedom of Juliers THis Dutchy lyes betwixt the Meuse and the Rhine the Country of Cleves and Limburg Bounds the Bishoprick of Liege and the Archbishoprick of Cologne It is about 12 Leagues in length and 7 in breadth Extent The most considerable Places in it are Juliers Cap. Duren Aix la Chapelle Imp. Zulk or
had a good Cittadel but William Duke of Cleves and Juliers was obliged to demolish it by one of the Articles of the Treaty made with the Emperor Charles V. It belongs now by Right to the Duke of Newbourg but the Hollanders are in Possession of it THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT III. The Duke of Savoy's Dominions THE Territories by Right belonging to the Duke of Savoy Bounds are bounded on the East chiefly by the Dukedom of Milan on the South by the Sea and part of the Commonwealth of Genoa on the West by Provence Dauphine and Bresse in France and on the North by the Lake of Geneva and Switzerland It is a very irregular oblong Figure being in length from Geneva in the North parts of Savoy to the most South Eastern parts of Montferrat about 190 Miles Extent and in breadth from the most Western parts of the County of Nice to the most Eastern parts of Montferrat about 120 Miles The Principal Rivers Rivers in these parts are 1. Po called Eridanus by the Poets which here washes Salusses Carignan Turin Verua and Casal and so goes into Milan 2. Tanare which here washes Ceve Quieras Alba and Asti and runs into the Po in Milan 3. Doere or Doria which washes Aoust and Ivrea and falls into the Po a little above Verua 4. Iser which washes Moustiers runs by Montmelian and goes into France Here are two Lakes Lakes besides that of Geneva viz. 1. That of Bourget and 2. That of Anneci Here are also the Alps and the Appennine the most famous Mountains Mountains in Europe This Country towards the North is generally barren Quality because of the Mountains but towards the South it is exceeding fruitful in all things necessary as Corn Wine Oyl Fruits Venison Cattel Cheese Chesnuts Hemp Flax Minerals and several Quarries of Marble Here is considerable Trading Trade in many good Commodities as Paper Fustians Raw-silks Hides Cloaths Linnen Thread Iron-work Fir-Trees for Masts of Ships c. yet Money is pretty scarce in most Places The ordinary Revenue Revenue of the Duke is said to amount to 1800000 Crowns yearly yet upon extraordinary Occasions he can raise much larger Sums Strength The number of Souldiers which he may conveniently raise is reckoned about 30000. The Religion Religion generally allowed of here is the Roman Catholick yet the Protestants called Vaudois have the free exercise of their Belief in some Valleys of Piedmont The Language Languge here spoken is most commonly the French or at least a Dialect of it the Italian is also very much used In this Country are two Archbishopricks Archbishopricks viz. Turin and Moustiers and thirteen Bishopricks Bishopricks viz. Fossano Ivrea Mondovi and Salusses under Turin Anneci Aoust and Maurienne under Moustiers Acqui Alba Asti Casal and Vercelli under the Archbishop of Milan and Nice under that of Ambrun in France Division The Duke of Savoy's Dominions are commonly divided into four parts viz. 1. Dukedom of Savoy Chambery 2. Principality of Piedmont Turin 3. County of Nice Nice 4. Dukedom of Montferrat Casal Of these the French have Nice part of Montferrat and the greatest part of Savoy the Duke of Mantua has about half of Montferrat the Prince of Massarano has a little part of Piedmont the Prince of Spigno a little of Montferrat so that the Duke of Savoy has but the greatest part of Piedmont and about one half of Montferrat CHAP. I. Savoy Lat. Sabaudia SAvoy Lat. Sabaudia or Sapaudia is one of the finest Sovereign Dutchies in Europe Bounds It Borders the Lake of Geneva Swisserland and the County of Burgundy on the North the Province of Dauphine in France on the West part of Dauphine and of Piedmont on the South and Piedmont and Vallais on the East It s Extent Extent from the South-East to the North-West is about 110 Miles and from the East to the West about 80. The Air is here Cold because of the Mountains always covered with Snow Quality and the Country generally barren however the Valleys yield Corn and Wine the Mountains good Pastures and all manner of Game and the Lakes and Rivers store of good Fish there are also a great many Walnuts and Chesnut-Trees and Forests of other Trees The principal Rivers Rivers here are the Isere Arche and Arve and the Lakes Lakes are two viz. that of Bourget and that of Anneci The Savoyards are generally good-natured laborious and hardy Manners but the Wit of the generality is none of the quickest The Religion publickly allowed is the Roman Catholick This Province was of old possessed by the Alltrobroges Centrones Brannovices History Antuates or Nantuates Latobrigi and Sabaudi It was part of Gallia Narbonensis and of Celtica or Lugdunensis and obeyed to the Romans Upon the declining of the Roman Empire under Honorius Savoy was left as a prey to several Barbarous Nations since that it made part of the Kingdom of Burgundy from whence it came under the Dominion of the Princes that at present are possest of it who derive their Pedigree from one Bertoldus or Beroldus who in the Beginning of the XIth Century was the Rise of this Family The Learned are very much at difference about the Birth of this Prince and his Extraction some derive it from Ancharius Marquiss of Yvree others from Hugo King of Italy and Duke of Provence others say that he was Nephew of Hugo Capet King of France and others make him a Descendant of the Counts of Macon Above fourscore Historians of several Nations follow Guichenon who derives his Genealogy from Wittekindus the Great Duke of Saxony and Angria Father of Witibert Duke of Angria who had two Sons Bruno and Walpert this last was Duke of Angria and Count of Ringelbert and left Immed Duke of Engern who by Huine Countess of Chiren had Hugo Marquiss of Italy who was Father of this Beroldus Earl of Savoy and Maurienne and had for his Successor Hambert Sirnamed White-hands But some French Authors of late viz. Chorier and Du Bouchet have endeavoured to make out that there was never any such Man as Beroldus of Saxony and have found or rather fancied that this Humbert was Grandchild of the Emperor Lewis the Son of Boson the Son of Benvil Count of Ardenna descended from Pharamond or as others will have it from Charlemaign Beroldus and some of his Successors were but Counts of Savoy and Maurienne several Territories were afterwards added to their Dominions And the Emperor Sigismund dignified them with the Title of Dukes in 1417. They now call themselves Dukes of Savoy Chablais Aost and the Canton of Geneva Princes of Piedmont Marquisses of Salusses Counts of Geneve Romont Nice Aste and Tende Barons of Fauligni Lords of Verceilles Marquisses of Italy Kings of Cyprus since Lewis of Savoy who Married Charlotte Daughter to John King of Cyprus and Vicars of the Empire since Thomas the First
Chambery 120 N. W. of Turin 120 S. W. of Basil 210 S. E. of Paris and 450 N. W. of Rome Long. 25 d. 38 m. Lat. 46 d. 4 m. II. Annecy Annecy Lat. Annecium is a pretty large Town at the foot of the Mountains of Saymenoz and upon a Lake of the same name The Lake is unfathomably deep four Leagues long and half a League broad and gives rise to the River Tioud which Waters Annecy by divers Channels This Town is the Residence of the titular Bishop of Geneve since 1535. has several Churches and Monasteries and the Houses are built upon Arches so that People may walk in its Streets by any Weather This City stands 22 miles S. of Geneva and 26 N. of Chambery Long. 25 d. 32 m. Lat. 45 d. 37 m. CHAP. II. Piedmont Lat. Pedemontium THE Principality of Piedmont lies betwixt the Milanese and Montferrat to the East Bounds the Republick of Genoa and the County of Nice to the South Extent Savoy and Dauphine to the West and Velais to the North. It is in length about 114. Miles and in breadth 80. This Country was formerly comprehended in Gallia Sub-alpina History and afterwards in Lombardy The Taurins Salassians Segusians Libicians and several other people did heretofore inhabit it But yet it is not well agreed upon how it came to be the possession of the Duke of Savoy The Duke's Eldest Sons bear the Title of Princes of Piedmont It is very considerable for its fertility good Air and the Wealth of the Inhabitants it abounds with Corn Wine Fruits Venison Cattel Hemp Minerals It contains besides Baronies and Lordships 15 Marquisates 52 Earldoms and 160 Walled Towns or Castles This Province may be divided into ten parts viz. 1. The Dukedom of Aost Aost Bish 2. The Principality of Masserene Masseran 3. The Seignory of Verceils Verceils Bish 4. The Marquisate of Ivrea Ivrea Bish 5. The County of Asti Asti Bish 6. Proper Piedmont Turin Archb. Cap. 7. The Marquisate of Susa Suza 8. The Marquisate of Salusses Salusses Bish 9. The Valleys of the Vaudois 10. French Piedmont Pignerol Article I. The Dukedom of Aoste Lat. Ducatus Augustanus THIS Dutchy lies at the foot of the Alps betwixt Valais on the North The Valleys of Sesia and Lordship of Verceil to the East Canavese and Piedmont proper to the South And the County of Tarentaise to the West It is the Country of the ancient Salassi comprehending six large Valleys besides that from whence it is named which the River Doere divides in the middle It is thought that this Dukedom was annexed to Savoy by the Marriage of Count Odon Son to Humbert I. with Adelais of Susa Widow of Hermannus Duke of Suabia in 1030. The remarkable Places here are Aoste Bish Cap. La Sale Morges Issogne Villeneuve St. Martin Chatillon I. Aoste Aoste Lat. Augusta Salassorum or Augusta Praetoria is so called in Latin either as being built by Augustus or else as being a Roman Colony It is a Bishop's see under the Archbishop of Tarentaise and has a Triumphal Arch raised by Augustus remaining almost entire besides a Colossus and several other Monuments of Roman Grandeur This City is 50 Miles E. of Turin and was the Birth-place of the famous Saint Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury Article II. The Principality of Masseran THIS is a small Territory within the Lordship of Verceils the only place of Note here is Massesaw subject to its own Prince who is of the House of Ferrari and is Protected by the Pope The Town stands upon a Hill 18 N. E. of Ivrea 22 N. W. of Verceils and 37 almost N. E. of Turin Long. 27 d. 48 m. Lat. 45 d. 10 m. Article III. The Lordship of Verceils THIS Lordship lies between Montferrat Ivree and Milanese and is exceeding fertile and well-peopled The places of Note here Verceils Beile Sautia c. I. Verceil Verceil Lat. Vercellae is situate upon the River Sesse with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Milan It has a good Castle a Cittadel and several Fortifications fine Churches and a famous Hospital This City flourished under the Romans but has had several Masters since their time for it has been a Common-Wealth afterwards under the Dukes of Milan and since under those of Savoy The Spaniards took it from the latter in 1638. but it was restored again by the Peace of the Pyrenees It stands 12 Miles N. of Casal 40 almost N. E. of Turin and as many West of Milan Long. 28 d. 17 m. Lat. 44 d. 50 m. II. Beile Beile is a small Town in the Seigniory of Verceil and the head of a Territory belonging to the Duke of Savoy It stands on a Hill 8 Miles W. of Masseran and 32 N. of Turin Long. 27 d. 43 m. Lat. 45 d. 3 m. Article IV. Marquisate of Ivrea THIS Marquisate lies between the Lordship of Verceil to East The Dukedom of Aost to the North the Marquisate of Suse to the West and part of Montferrat to the South The only place of Note here is Ivrea Bish Cap. Ivrea Lat. Eporedia is upon the River Doriabalta with a Bishop See under the Archbishop of Turin and a Marquisate belonging to the Duke of Savoy This City according to the Opinion of some Authors was Built two Years before the Birth of our Saviour in the Country of the Ancient Salassi and gave its Name to this Marquisate which formerly was so famous under Berengarius who contended for the Empire with the French descended from the Kings of Arles Anscharius was Marquiss of Ivrea which came under the Dominion of the Duke of Savoy in 870. This City is of great importance to the Duke of Savoy having a good Castle and other Fortifications It has been an Imperial City but the Emperor Frederick II. and William Count of Holland gave it to Thomus II. in 1242. And in 1344. John Marquiss of Montferrat yielded to Amadaeus VI. the Right he had to it It stands 22 Miles N. of Turin 29 E. of Susa and 32 W. of Verceil Long. 27d 33 m. Lat. 44 d. 55 m. The Canavese Between the City of Ivree and the River Po is the Country called Canavese which was heretofore part of Montferrat but now belongs to Piedmont since it was left to the Duke of Savoy by the Treaty of Querasque in 1631. There are no considerable Places in it Article V. The County of Asti THis County is incircled in Montferrat and has but Two Remarkable Places viz. Asti and Verua I. Asti Asti or Ast Lat. Asta is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Milan This City is seated on the River Tanare large and well fortified with a strong new Castle and Cittadel The County formerly depended upon the State of Milan but in 1531. Charles V. gave it to Charles III. Duke of Savoy It stands 16 Miles S. W. of Casal and 26 E. of Turin Long. 28 d. 2 m. Lat. 44 d. 28 m. II. Verua Verua lyes upon an Eminence and
is very well fortified The Spaniards laid Siege to it but to little purpose in 1625. It stands upon the Frontiers of Montferrat and the Banks of the Po 16 Miles N. E. of Turin Article VI. Proper Piedmont Piedmont properly so called lyes between the Montferrat on the East the Republick of Genoa on the South the Marquisate of Salusses on the West and the Marquisate of Suse and part of Montferrat to the North. The Principal Towns and Cities here are Turin Archb. Cap. Mondovis Bish Ceve Marq. Fossano Bish Rivoli Carignan Princip Vigon Savillano Coni Quieras Quiers Moncalier Orbassan I. Turin Turin Lat. Taurinum or Augusta Taurinorum is seated in a vast Plain having the River Po on the right and the Doire on the left It is the Residence of the Dukes of Savoy who have spared nothing to render it one of the pleasantest and strongest Towns of Italy It is adorned with a Senate a Chamber of Accounts an Archbishops See and an University There is the Old and New City with good Bastions Walls and Out-works The Duke's Palace is very Ancient and Magnificent especially the Gallery which is finely Embellish'd with a great number of Paintings Statues Arms Manuscripts and other Rarities There is also to be seen the Genealogies of the Dukes of Savoy the Coelestial Signs very well represented and 30000 Volumes in the Library There are also several other Beautiful Palaces in the Town with a great number of Noble-Men that form the Duke's Court which is one of the most Polisht of Europe The Streets are fine the Houses well Built the Churches very Magnificent The Cathedral is that of St. John which boasts of having many Relicks especially our Saviour's Winding-sheet There is a strong Cittadel flank'd with Five good Bastions and Built by the pattern of that of Antwerp Turin stands 20 Miles nigh E. of Pignerol 78 almost W. of Milan 100 almost E. of Grenoble and 120 S. E. of Geneva Long. 27 d. 26 m. Lat. 44 d. 34 m. II. Mondovis Mondovis Mondovi or Mondevi Lat. Mons Vici or Mons Regalis is seated at the foot of Mount Apennin two Leagues from the River Tanare with a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Turin It is large and the best Inhabited of all Piedmont after Turin There is an University and a Cittadel Built in 1573. by Emanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy on a Hill which produces fine white Marble This City stands 27 Miles S. of Turin III. Ceve Ceva is a little Town and Castle Eight Miles S. E. of Mondovi It is the Capital of the Country of the Langhes and has the Title of a Marquisate The Country about is full of Game especially Pheasants and Partridges IV. Fossano Fossano Lat. Fossanum is seated on the River Stura with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Turin erected by Gregory XIII It stands 24 Miles S. of Turin V. Rivoli Rivoli is a small Town on the River Dora about 7 Miles W. of Turin It has a very Sumptuous Castle VI. Carignan Carignan is situated upon the Po over which it has a fine Bridge with the Title of Principality It has a strong Castle and its Soil abounds with Mulberry-Trees for the Silk-worms Thomas Francis of Savoy Fifth Son of Charles Emanuel first of that Name Duke of Savoy and Catharine Michelle of Austria bore in this Age the Title of Prince of Carignan He was great Master of France and died in 1656. In 1625. he Married Mary of Bourbon Daughter to Charles of Bourbon and begot on her Joseph Emanuel John who died in 1656. Eugen Maurice Count of Soissons Annudeus Ferdinand Charlotte Christine both dead young and Louise Christine Married to Ferdinand Maximilian Carignan was taken by the French in 1691. and retaken in the same Year by the Duke of Savoy It stands 8 Miles S. of Turin VII Vigon Vigon is a little but fortified Place by the River Chison 13 Miles S. W. of Turin VIII Savillano Savillano or Savigliano Lat. Savilianum is a great Town upon the River Magra under the Duke of Savoy between Fossano to the East and Salusses to the West six Miles from either and 22 S. of Turin It is the Head of the Territory that bears its Name and has a very pleasant and advantageous Situation between two Rivers which renders it capable of being made very strong wherefore also Philibert Emanuel Duke of Savoy thought to make it the Capital of his Dominions IX Coni. Coni Lat. Cuneum is a strong Town and Castle Situated upon a Hill at the Confluent of two little Rivers the Stura and Ges It s Situation renders it naturally strong It held out against Francis I. but in 1641. the Count De Harcourt under Lewis XIII made himself Master of it Lewis the XIVth was not so Successful in 1691. for he was forced to raise the Siege This Town stands 35 Miles S. of Turin X. Quieras Quieras is a small but strong City situate upon a Hill by the River Tanare It was there that in 1631. a Peace was made between France the Empire the Spaniards the Duke of Savoy and that of Modena This Town stands 30 Miles S. E. of Turin XI Quiers Quiers or Chieri is very strong by its Situation It was formerly a fine City and a Republick but is now Subject to the Duke of Savoy This Place is very famous for the Fustians that are made there and for the Seed its Soil furnishes the Dyers withal The Count of Harcourt won a Battel near it from the Spaniards It stands Seven Miles almost E. of Turin XII Moncalier Moncalier is a small Town upon the Po nigh Four Miles S. of Turin XIII Orbassan Orbassan is a little Village Six Miles S. W. of Turin remarkable by the Battel fought near it Octob. 4. 1693. See Pignerol Article VII The Marquisate of Susa THis Dutchy Borders the County of Morienne in Savoy to the North Piedmont proper to East and South and Mount Genevre to the West The only Place of Note here is Suse Suse Lat. Susa Capital of the Marquisate of the same Name is upon the River Doere at the foot of the Alpes Cottiae now called Mount Cenis and Mount Genevre which separate Piedmont from Dauphine Some Learned Men take this to be the place where Augustus Erected his Trophy fourteen years before the Birth of our Saviour the Inscription being still to be seen on a Triumphal Arch in this City But others place it at the foot of the Maritime Alps near to a place called Tourbie by a corruption of the word Trophie and is confirmed by a piece of Stone on which are seen part of the Letters composing these words Gentes Alpinae Devictae with the Names of some other Nations Some are of Opinion that Augustus caused the same Trophy to be Erected in two several Places and so endeavour to reconcile both these Opinions The Sepulchre of Cottus whence the Cottian Alps take their Name was to be seen in this Town The adjacent Country abounds with Wine
Wing of the Confederates Army being over-powered by the French who were much Superior to them in number his Royal Highness the Duke of Savoy commanded a Retreat which was executed in very good order the Germans carrying Seven or Eight Pieces of Cannon along with them and the Spaniards Five or Six The French got the Victory yet was their Loss greater than that of the Confederates for their Army which before the Battel consisted of 36000 Men was by their own Confession reduced to 30000. That of the Duke of Savoy consisted of 22000 of which they found but 5500 missing viz. 1500 of the Emperor's Troops as many of his Majesties of Great Brittain and Duke of Savoy's Forces and 2500 of the Spaniards The most considerable Loss of the Confederates was Duke Schomberg who having done Wonders at the head of his Regiment received a Mortal Wound of which he died 13 days after CHAP. III. The County of Nice THis County lies between the State of Genoa and part of Piedmont on the East Bounds the Mediterranean Sea called here Mare di Genoa or Riviera di Ponente on the South Provence in France on the West and Piedmont on the North. This Country is for the most part rough and mountainous Quality yet it is so well manured that they have little need of their Neighbours only some Places are defective in Wheat which they are supplied with from Piedmont and Provence It is divided into Six parts viz. The Vicariates of 1. Nice Bish Cap. 2. Barcelonnette 3. Solpello 4. Puerin The Counties 5. Bueil 6. Tende To which we may add the Principality of Oneglia incircled in the State of Genoa which belongs to the Duke of Savoy and that of Monaco which belongs to its own Prince The most Remarkable places in the County of Nice are Nice Bish Cap. Villa Franca Monaco Princip Oneglia Princip Tende Barcellonette I. Nice Nice Lat. Nicia is seated upon the Shore of the Mediterranean Sea at the foot of the Alps with a capacious Haven and one of the strongest Castles in Europe between the River Vas and Villa Franca It has the Title of an Earldom and Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Ambrun and was Built by those of Marseilles and probably took its Name from some Victory they obtained against the Ligurians The City at present is great splendid and populous it has a Cathedral three Parishes one College and several Religious Houses The Amphitheatre that is still to be seen here with the Inscriptions of other Roman Monuments are abundant Testimonies of the Antiquity of this City It belonged to the Earls of Provence till 1635. when Queen Joan left it to Lewis II. Duke of Savoy with the County belonging to it and has ever since been Subject to that Family till the Year 1691. when it was taken by the French In 1543. Nice was taken by Francis of France and by the Turks under Barberosse who appear'd before it with 200 Sail but neither of them was able to take the Castle It stands 68 Miles S. of Pignerol 78 almost S. of Turin and 72 S. E. of Ambrun Long. 26 d. 52 m. Lat. 43 d. 18 m. II. Villa Franca About three Miles East of Nice is Villa Franca a Town and strong Castle now Subject to the French who took it in 1691. It has a large Port on the Mediterranean Sea III. Monaco Monaco or Mourges is a Principality between Nice and Oneglia composed of three little places viz. Monaco Roccabruna and Menton The access to Monaco is difficult and the Castle is Built on a steep Rock washed by the Sea where the Port is It is the Monaecium or Herculis Monoeci Portus of the Latins This Principality under the Protection of France belongs to the Family of Grimaldi Monaco stands Eight Miles E. of Nice Long. 27 d. 4 m. Lat. 43 d. 17 m. IV. Oneglia Oneglia is a Sea-Town and Principality incircled in the State of Genoa and belonging to the Duke of Savoy This Territory consists of a very pleasant Valley extreamly fruitful in Olive-Trees Wine and all other sorts of Fruits The City was Bombarded by the French in 1692. It stands 42 Miles E. of Nice Long. 27 d. 45 m. Lat. 43 d. 28 m. V. Tenda Tenda is a small Town with a good Castle in the County of Nice and the Head of a Territory of that Name It stands on the River Rodia in the Appennine 25 Miles N. E. of Nice and 19 S. of Coni. VI. Barcelonnette Barcelonnette or Barcelonne Lat. Barcelona and Villa Barcelonae is a Town and Valley formerly of Provence but now belonging to the County of Nice It was Built in 1231. in the time of Raimundus Berengarius the Fifth of that Name Count of Provence who called it so in Memory of Barcelona in Catalonia whence his Predecessors came into Provence others say it was Built before but being ruined by the Wars was Rebuilt by Raimundus It stands 42 N. W. of Nice CHAP. IV. Montferrat Lat. Monsferratus MOntferrat lyes betwixt Piedmont on the North and West the State of Genoa on the South Bounds Extent and Milan on the East It s Extent North and South is about 65 Miles and about 36 East and West This Country is Mountainous in most Places yet it is exceeding fruitful in all things Quality and comprehends near 200 either Boroughs Castles or Towns with the Title of Marquisate and Dukedom This Province was formerly part of Lombardy History It has had particular Lords since the beginning of the Tenth Century The Emperor Charles V. gave it to the Duke of Mantua notwithstanding the Duke of Savoy's and the Marquiss of Saluces's Claim to it which caused the War of Montferrat begun in 1613. after the Death of Gonzague II. Duke of Mantua Divers Treaties as of Verceille in 1614. of Ast in 1615. of Pavia in 1617. could not end this War which was like to inflame all Italy but at last a Peace was happily thus concluded at Queiras in 1613. Victor Ame Duke of Savoy had that part of Montferrat on this side of the River Po and beyond the Tever and the rest of the Province was yielded to the Duke of Mantua who sold the Capital City and Important Place of Casal to the French King in 1681. Monferrat is divided into four parts viz. 1. The Territory of Casal Casal Bish Cap. 2. The Territory of Trino Trino 3. The Territory of Alba Alba. Bish 4. The Territory of Acqui Acqui Of these the first is under the French the second and third under the Duke of Savoy and the last under the Duke of Mantua Article I. French Monferrat THE only place under the French in Monferrat is Casal Casal or Cazal of St. Vas Lat. Casale or Bodincomagus is seated upon the Po between Turin and Valence and is one of the strongest Places in Italy Pope Sixtus IV. made it a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Milan in 1474. at the solicitation of William Paleologue Marquiss
sorts of Nations viz. Saxons Inhabitants Bulgarians and Hungarians the first possess the Province called the Seven Towns the Bulgarians dwell on the Banks of Marise the Hungarians possess the Frontiers of Walachia and follow the Grecian Religion These are divided into Counties pay no Tribute to the Prince of Transilvania but are obliged to serve at their own Expences when he goes to War The Doctrine of Calvin and Luther were introduced here in 1561. For George Brandrata Religion Physician to John Zapol Count of Scepus and Vayvode of Transilvania made this young Prince embrace the Sentiments of Luther by means of Denis Alexis but this Man not Executing his Orders with care enough he substituted Francis David in his Place who of a Lutheran made the Prince a Calvinist and at last taught him the Doctrine of Arius Stephen Bathori Prince of Transilvania in 1571. afterwards chosen King of Poland endeavoured to re-establish Popery and to that end gave the Government of this Principality to his Brother Christopher Bathori who cast David into Prison where he died Mad. He founded a College of Jesuits at Colaswar but dying in 1583. his Son Sigismund who succeeded him to comply with the Transilvanians was forced to dismiss the Jesuits but recalled them two years after This Principality is now incorporated with the Kingdom of Hungary Government under the protection of the Emperor for Michael Abafti the 23d Prince from John Huniades who succeeded John Kemani in 1661. by a solemn Act given at Hermanstadt May 9. 1688. with the full consent of the States of Transilvania made an entire submission of this Country to the Emperor and the King of Hungary to last for ever and accordingly he received Imperial Garrisons into all the principal places The said Prince dying in 1690. the States in a general Assembly resolved to adhere to the Interests of the Emperor against all the Pretences of Count Teckely or the Ottoman Port according to the Tenour of the said Treaty The most considerable Places in the Principality of Transilvania are Hermanstadt Bish Cap. Alba Julia or Weissemburg Bish Brassow or Cronstadt Coloswar or Clausenburg Segeswar Agnetlin Altenberg Bestercze Newmark I. Hermanstadt Hermanstadt Lat. Cibinum or Hermanopolis called by the Inhabitants Zeben the Capital of Transilvania and Residence of the Prince is a large populous strong and well built City It has no Bishop at present but is reckoned a Bishop's See Suffragan of the Archbishop of Colocza in Hungary The Inhabitants of this City are Saxons and five Jurisdictions depend upon it The Prince of this Country having formerly put himself under the Protection of the Grand Signior the late Duke of Lorrain prevail'd with the Prince Abafti to put himself under the Protection of the Emperor and to receive a Garrison of 3000 Germans in 1687. This City stands in a Plain on the River Cibin 160 Miles N. E. of Belgrade and 235 almost E. of Buda Long. 45 d. 48 m. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. II. Weissemburg Weissemburg Lat. Alba Julia which the Hungarians call Giula Fejerwar is situate upon the River Marise which the Inhabitants call Marons and the Germans Merisch with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocka The ancient Kings and Princes of this Country made their ordinary residence in this City which has been much greater than now it is as may be seen by its rare Roman Medals Coins and Inscriptions evident signs of Antiquity and Grandeur It stands 34 Miles W. of Hermanstadt 68 N. E. of Temeswar 90 E. of Waradin and 196 E. of Buda Long. 45 d. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. III. Cronstadt or Brassaw Brassaw or Cronstadt Lat. Patrovissa is a strong City and a Bishop's See situated near the Frontiers of Moldavia and the Carpathian Mountains Some take it for the Praetoria Augusta of Ptolomy and others call it Corona and Stephanopolis and pretend that it is one of the Seven Cities Built or Repaired by the Saxons It stands 65 Miles almost N. E. of Hermanstadt Long. 47 d. 20 m. Lat. 47 d. 5 m. IV. Clausemburg Clausemburg called Coloswar by those of the Country and Claudiopolis in Latin is a great and populous City with the Title of a Bishoprick and an old Cittadel situated upon the little Brook Samos at the foot of the Mountains towards the Frontiers of Hungary 34 Miles N. W. of Weissemburg and 64 of Hermanstadt Long. 44 d. 25 m. Lat. 47 d. 11 m. The States of Transilvania are kept in it V. Segeswar Segeswar called Schezberg by the Germans Lat. Segethusa is seated on the River Cochel at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains subject to the Prince of Transilvania under the Emperor It stands 40 Miles N. of Hermanstadt VI. Agnetlin or Agnabat Agnetlin or Agnabat is one of the Chief Towns in Transilvania tho' of no strength it is seated on the River Harbach 25 Miles almost N. of Hermanstadt subject to the Prince of Transilvania and protected by the Emperor VII Altemberg Altemberg is a small City seated upon a Hill Built out of the Ruins of Zalnatra 20 Miles S. W. of Weissemburg or Alba Julia and 42 S. of Clausenburg VIII Bestercze or Besteriza Bestercza or Besteriza Lat. Bistricia is a small but very neat City which stands in a very large Plain upon a River of its own Name 80 Miles N. W. of Hermanstadt IX Newmark Newmark Lat. Nova Marchia called Waverhely by the Hungarians is seated on the River Merish at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains 36 Miles N. E. of Clausenburg The States of Transilvania usually meet here Article III. Podolia Bounds POdolia is a great Province of Poland in Lithuania between Moldavia to the S. Black Russia to the W. Volhinia to the N. and the Tartars of Oczakow to the E. This Province is very fertile but has been often wasted by the Inroads of the Tartars and Cossacks and is now the Theatre of the War between the Poles and the Turks It 's usually divided into the Higher Podolia that lyes to the West wherein are the Cities of Kaminieck and Bar and into the Lower which lyes to the East and has in it the City of Bracklaw I. Kaminieck Bish Cap. Kaminieck or Caminieck Lat. Camenecia Clepidava or Camienicum is a very strong Town and the Capital of Podolia The Poles call it Kaminieck Podeleki It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Lemberg and stands upon a Mountain by the River Smortzyck which a little lower falls into the Niester The Turks very often attempted this Place without success but it having suffered much by Fire in 1669. and being thereupon Besieged by them in 1672. it was taken the Poles being then Engaged in a Civil War amongst themselves and the Town in an ill condition of Defence The Cossacks under Motula blocked it up in April 1687. and the Polish Army designed to Attack it in September following but upon the approach of the Ottoman Forces they were both of them forced to retire The Polish