the_o opposition_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o do_v but_o dishonour_v their_o country_n by_o exclude_v a_o piasto_n yet_o they_o ought_v to_o choose_v one_o to_o show_v the_o world_n that_o if_o their_o ancestor_n have_v not_o do_v the_o like_a often_o it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o avoid_v the_o jealousy_n which_o will_v have_v arisen_a between_o so_o many_o subject_n that_o deserve_v the_o crown_n and_o that_o since_o now_o there_o be_v one_o present_n who_o merit_n be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v they_o ought_v forthwith_o to_o elect_v he_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o name_n john_n sobieski_n with_o this_o character_n that_o his_o life_n have_v be_v entire_o devote_v to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n which_o even_o while_o he_o be_v speak_v peaceable_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o late_a victory_n at_o chocim_fw-la and_o further_o that_o this_o present_a happiness_n be_v but_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o what_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v for_o his_o country_n and_o last_o that_o the_o crown_n be_v due_a to_o sobieski_n out_o of_o mere_a gratitude_n and_o acknowledgement_n since_o it_o be_v through_o his_o mean_n that_o they_o sit_v there_o and_o have_v a_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o speech_n the_o gentry_n of_o russia_n be_v influence_v by_o what_o their_o palatin_n have_v say_v immediate_o declare_v for_o sobieski_n who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o their_o province_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o poland_n soon_o follow_v their_o example_n together_o with_o some_o palatinate_v of_o lithuania_n bring_v over_o by_o the_o management_n of_o prince_n radzivil_n vicechancellor_n of_o that_o duchy_n every_o one_o be_v forward_o to_o deserve_v favour_n from_o one_o who_o they_o have_v acknowledge_v for_o their_o prince_n dissent_v the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v high_o displease_v at_o all_o these_o proceed_n leave_v the_o diet_n in_o a_o heat_n and_o together_o with_o his_o friend_n march_v out_o of_o the_o field_n about_o nine_o at_o night_n no_o body_n be_v able_a to_o bring_v he_o back_o hereupon_o he_o immediate_o enter_v protest_v against_o this_o election_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o any_o king_n to_o be_v choose_v without_o the_o common_a consent_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 20_o the_o of_o may_n the_o lithuanian_n return_v into_o the_o field_n but_o retire_v after_o have_v make_v their_o protestation_n against_o this_o election_n whereupon_o several_a senator_n and_o nuncio_n be_v send_v to_o recall_a they_o but_o their_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o be_v go_v to_o deliberate_v upon_o the_o matter_n and_o will_v inform_v they_o of_o their_o resolution_n by_o their_o deputy_n the_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n who_o have_v espouse_v sobieski_n interest_n forthwith_o command_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o proclaim_v he_o which_o notwithstanding_o this_o prelate_n decline_v wise_o foresee_v the_o disorder_n so_o rash_a a_o election_n may_v occasion_v and_o which_o may_v probable_o end_v in_o a_o civil_a war._n lithuania_n the_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n arrive_v a_o little_a while_n after_o whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n brother_n to_o the_o grand_a general_n deliver_v the_o message_n give_v sobieski_n the_o title_n only_o of_o grand_a marshal_n yet_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o give_v his_o vote_n for_o he_o but_o desire_v the_o proclaim_v he_o may_v be_v defer_v till_o next_o day_n to_o the_o end_n the_o lithuanian_n may_v assist_v at_o it_o and_o thereby_o the_o election_n become_v unanimous_a which_o request_v of_o his_o be_v ready_o grant_v whereupon_o the_o 21_o st_z of_o may_n andrew_n trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o preside_v at_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o primate_n czartoriski_n just_a then_o decease_v which_o happen_v very_o well_o for_o sobieski_n the_o primate_n have_v be_v no_o friend_n of_o his_o go_v with_o the_o senator_n before_o the_o new_a prince_n to_o the_o place_n of_o election_n where_o they_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n with_o their_o general_n patz_n at_o their_o head_n who_o be_v too_o politic_a not_o to_o assist_v there_o with_o his_o whole_a family_n john_n sobieski_n be_v soon_o after_o proclaim_v 1674._o and_o the_o gentry_n proceed_v to_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o warsaw_n end_v the_o day_n with_o usual_a acclamation_n and_o rejoice_n this_o prince_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n though_o none_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a nor_o rich_a in_o the_o kingdom_n his_o father_n father_n james_n sobieski_n be_v castellan_n of_o cracovia_n a_o person_n no_o less_o eminent_a for_o his_o ability_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n than_o renown_v for_o his_o courage_n and_o conduct_n in_o the_o field_n he_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o year_n 1621._o as_o ambassador_n and_o plenipotentiary_n upon_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o by_o his_o prudence_n and_o address_n be_v honourable_o conclude_v with_o sultan_n osman_n he_o distinguish_v himself_o likewise_o on_o many_o other_o important_a occasion_n and_o after_o several_a other_o great_a service_n faithful_o perform_v for_o his_o country_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1646._o mother_n his_o mother_n be_v one_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o stanislaus_n zolkiewski_n grand_a chancellor_n and_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o brave_o fight_v that_o memorable_a battle_n at_o cicora_n on_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n 1620_o and_o though_o he_o be_v again_o five_o time_n attack_v by_o the_o turk_n on_o the_o 2d_o of_o october_n in_o the_o same_o year_n yet_o he_o gallant_o repulse_v they_o till_o at_o last_o be_v overpower_v with_o number_n and_o forsake_v by_o his_o follower_n he_o be_v slay_v courageous_o fight_v among_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o his_o enemy_n travel_n this_o prince_n be_v careful_o educate_v by_o his_o parent_n in_o his_o youth_n and_o send_v to_o travel_v into_o france_n where_o his_o father_n buy_v he_o a_o captain_n of_o horse_n commission_n which_o gain_v he_o great_a experience_n he_o also_o travel_v into_o england_n germany_n and_o italy_n where_o have_v observe_v all_o the_o different_a manner_n interest_n law_n military_a discipline_n strength_n and_o policy_n of_o those_o people_n and_o in_o a_o word_n all_o else_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o learn_v in_o his_o travel_n he_o at_o last_o return_v home_o when_o casimir_n after_o several_a trial_n both_o of_o his_o valour_n and_o discretion_n and_o admire_v at_o his_o great_a merit_n and_o quick_a part_n which_o he_o have_v improve_v so_o well_o both_o in_o language_n science_n and_o military_a accomplishment_n make_v he_o first_o a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n and_o afterward_o captain_n of_o his_o guard_n and_o from_o thence_o advance_v he_o gradual_o through_o all_o the_o post_n of_o his_o army_n till_o he_o arrive_v at_o be_v grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o room_n of_o lubomirski_n and_o grand_a general_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o room_n of_o potoski_n he_o behave_v himself_o in_o all_o these_o employment_n with_o that_o courage_n and_o prudence_n as_o become_v a_o soldier_n and_o be_v repute_v the_o hero_n of_o his_o age_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n marriage_n he_o marry_v mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n daughter_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o arquien_v not_o long_o since_o make_v cardinal_n of_o the_o family_n of_o la_fw-fr grange_n in_o nivernois_n in_o france_n she_o by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o king_n casimir_n queen_n to_o who_o she_o be_v maid_n of_o honour_n be_v first_o marry_v to_o prince_n zamoiski_n one_o of_o the_o great_a palatine_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o the_o grand_a general_n sobieski_n by_o who_o she_o have_v several_a child_n and_o among_o the_o â—â—est_n three_o hopeful_a prince_n the_o elder_a of_o which_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v brother-in-law_n to_o the_o emperor_n king_n of_o spain_n king_n of_o portugal_n and_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n by_o marry_v one_o of_o the_o princess_n of_o neuburgh_n this_o prince_n be_v not_o crown_v till_o above_o fifteen_o month_n after_o his_o election_n during_o which_o time_n he_o gain_v great_a advantage_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o force_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n at_o zorowna_n whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o remit_v the_o yearly_a tribute_n stipulate_v for_o by_o king_n michael_n but_o be_v still_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o fortress_n of_o caminiec_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n he_o be_v please_v generosity_n to_o promise_v of_o his_o own_o free_a will_n and_o motion_n that_o the_o queen-dowager_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o suitable_o to_o her_o high_a quality_n and_o extraordinary_a merit_n as_o also_o that_o the_o arrear_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v
present_v amount_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 100000_o rix_n dollar_n the_o hospodar_n of_o moldavia_n send_v she_o a_o pair_n of_o pendant_n of_o a_o considerable_a value_n this_o custom_n of_o make_v present_n to_o the_o bride_n be_v not_o only_o for_o king_n daughter_n but_o for_o every_o one_o else_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o the_o gentleman_n daughter_n do_v not_o so_o much_o reckon_v upon_o the_o portion_n their_o father_n give_v they_o as_o upon_o their_o number_n of_o relation_n and_o friend_n who_o be_v to_o make_v they_o present_v and_o the_o husband_n be_v as_o diligent_a to_o know_v how_o many_o relation_n she_o have_v as_o how_o much_o her_o father_n will_v give_v she_o ambassador_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o marriage_n prince_n james_n the_o young_a bride_n brother_n take_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n consent_n the_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n for_o that_o day_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o court_n will_v not_o receive_v as_o be_v secret_o whilsper_v ambassador_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n as_o be_v not_o a_o absolute_a prince_n he_o go_v three_o mile_n out_o of_o town_n in_o the_o morning_n and_o about_o two_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n make_v a_o most_o solemn_a entry_n on_o horseback_n have_v his_o brother_n prince_n alexander_n on_o his_o right-hand_n and_o prince_n constantine_n on_o his_o left_a precede_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o coach_n with_o six_o horse_n and_o a_o noble_a cavalcade_n of_o the_o polish_v gentry_n who_o go_v two_o by_o two_o continue_v thus_o he_o march_v through_o the_o city_n to_o the_o palace_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n and_o after_o half_a a_o hour_n the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o palatine_n and_o other_o senator_n with_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o gentry_n begin_v to_o march_v from_o the_o palace_n on_o foot_n two_o by_o two_o upon_o scarlet_a cloth_n spread_v all_o along_o to_o st._n john_n church_n be_v about_o three_o hundred_o pace_n after_o they_o prince_n james_n lead_v the_o bride_n the_o french_a ambassador_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr polignae_fw-la lead_v the_o queen_n and_o the_o king_n come_v last_o alone_o with_o a_o grave_n majestic_a countenance_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v perform_v by_o cardinal_n radziouski_n the_o present_a primate_n who_o be_v the_o king_n relation_n afterward_o they_o return_v to_o the_o palace_n where_o they_o be_v noble_o entertain_v for_o four_o day_n together_o with_o feast_n ball_n firework_n and_o a_o italian_a pastoral_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o opera_fw-la make_v upon_o this_o occasion_n by_o the_o secretary_n of_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n journey_n after_o the_o ceremony_n be_v over_o a_o splendid_a equipage_n be_v prepare_v for_o the_o princess_n journey_n from_o warsaw_n to_o brussels_n the_o bishop_n of_o ploskow_n be_v name_v ambassador_n and_o the_o palatine_a of_o vilna_n lady_n prince_n czartoriski_n daughter_n be_v appoint_v embassadress_n mounseur_fw-fr zalowski_n the_o bishop_n brother_n and_o his_o lady_n be_v likewise_o name_v beside_o abundance_n of_o gentleman_n and_o about_o forty_o of_o the_o king_n lifeguard_n to_o attend_v her_o electoral_a highness_n the_o ambassador_n represent_v to_o their_o majesty_n that_o in_o such_o a_o long_a journey_n of_o near_o 1000_o mile_n and_o in_o frosty_a wether_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o send_v a_o physician_n with_o the_o princess_n for_o fear_n of_o any_o accident_n or_o distemper_n by_o the_o way_n one_o signior_n revelli_n a_o italian_a and_o several_a other_o physician_n make_v interest_n for_o this_o place_n but_o the_o queen_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n employ_v any_o of_o they_o have_v no_o opinion_n of_o their_o skill_n hereupon_o my_o lord_n i_o speak_v to_o mr._n alberti_n your_o brother_n minister_v there_o from_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n who_o have_v great_a interest_n with_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o get_v i_o employ_v in_o that_o journey_n for_o i_o long_v to_o be_v out_o of_o that_o remote_a country_n though_o i_o have_v not_o be_v a_o twelve_o month_n in_o it_o to_o come_v for_o england_n for_o though_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o kindness_n for_o i_o and_o prince_n james_n who_o the_o court_n party_n look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o king_n successor_n promise_v i_o a_o considerable_a pension_n after_o the_o king_n death_n yet_o see_v that_o the_o king_n then_o be_v sixty_o four_o year_n of_o age_n very_o corpulent_a and_o labour_v under_o several_a distemper_n as_o the_o dropsy_n gout_n rheumatism_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o lung_n can_v not_o live_v long_o and_o that_o prince_n james_n be_v not_o belove_v and_o beside_o have_v never_o have_v any_o mind_n to_o engage_v myself_o to_o live_v in_o any_o foreign_a country_n i_o resolve_v to_o come_v out_o of_o that_o kingdom_n their_o majesty_n not_o know_v my_o private_a resolution_n of_o come_v for_o england_n do_v i_o the_o honour_n to_o name_v i_o physician_n to_o wait_v upon_o the_o princess_n in_o her_o journey_n which_o i_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o comply_v with_o though_o to_o outward_a appearance_n i_o do_v not_o seem_v much_o desirous_a of_o it_o this_o my_o lord_n give_v i_o opportunity_n to_o come_v out_o of_o that_o country_n soon_o than_o i_o can_v have_v decent_o do_v till_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a which_o i_o must_v owe_v entire_o to_o the_o friendship_n and_o interest_n of_o mr._n alberti_n who_o be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n journey_n the_o princess_n set_v forward_o on_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o november_n follow_v with_o a_o retinue_n of_o about_o two_o hundred_o person_n all_o which_o come_v to_o brussels_n with_o she_o beside_o abundance_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o wait_v upon_o her_o highness_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o palatine_n of_o the_o province_n receive_v and_o entertain_v she_o in_o all_o the_o town_n she_o pass_v through_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o splendour_n and_o expense_n our_o first_o reception_n be_v at_o lowitz_n the_o cardinal_n primate_n castle_n here_o the_o princess_n lie_v one_o night_n and_o be_v most_o magnificent_o entertain_v the_o next_o be_v at_o posnan_n a_o considerable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o posnania_n where_o she_o lie_v two_o night_n the_o palatin_n and_o the_o city_n make_v she_o a_o present_a entertain_v all_o her_o retinue_n and_o get_v firework_n ready_a for_o her_o reception_n from_o thence_o we_o go_v to_o frankfurt_n upon_o the_o other_o in_o the_o e._n of_o brandenburgh_n country_n where_o his_o electoral_a highness_n send_v his_o chief_a officer_n to_o attend_v and_o compliment_v she_o from_o thence_o we_o go_v to_o berlin_n where_o the_o elector_n and_o electoress_n come_v two_o mile_n out_o of_o town_n berlin_n with_o a_o numerous_a attendance_n to_o receive_v she_o they_o take_v she_o into_o their_o own_o coach_n and_o march_v in_o order_n to_o the_o palace_n give_v she_o with_o roar_v of_o cannon_n and_o ring_v of_o bell_n all_o demonstration_n of_o respect_n here_o she_o lay_v two_o night_n the_o court_n appear_v most_o splendid_a and_o very_a numerous_a and_o the_o elector_n get_v some_o firework_n which_o represent_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o elector_n and_o electoress_n of_o bavaria_n name_n there_o be_v ball_n both_o night_n and_o english_a country-dance_n which_o the_o electoress_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o blood-royal_a of_o england_n delight_v extreme_o in_o it_o be_v the_o first_o time_n the_o princess_n of_o poland_n have_v see_v any_o and_o therefore_o be_v extreme_o please_v i_o be_v glad_a to_o see_v some_o of_o our_o english_a gentleman_n who_o travel_v in_o italy_n in_o my_o time_n as_o mr._n archer_n mr._n ward_n mr._n duncomb_n and_o the_o late_a decease_a mr._n tent_n make_v so_o much_o of_o at_o this_o court_n and_o behave_v themselves_o so_o handsome_o at_o the_o ball_n the_o princess_n of_o poland_n make_v present_v to_o the_o electoress_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o to_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o court_n and_o the_o electoress_n of_o brandenburg_n likewise_o make_v she_o a_o rich_a present_n of_o a_o poesy_n set_v with_o diamond_n and_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o her_o chief_a officer_n other_o present_n afterward_o we_o set_v forward_o on_o our_o journey_n and_o be_v entertain_v for_o twelve_o day_n together_o in_o the_o elector_n country_n it_o be_v usual_a with_o he_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o all_o prince_n while_o they_o be_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n but_o when_o the_o princess_n of_o poland_n go_v out_o of_o it_o into_o the_o other_o territory_n of_o his_o electoral_a highness_n she_o bear_v she_o own_o expense_n the_o chief_a town_n notwithstanding_o as_o magdeburgh_n and_o menden_n entertain_v she_o as_o
extend_v their_o dominion_n beyond_o those_o of_o any_o state_n in_o europe_n have_v their_o other_o constitution_n be_v as_o well_o ground_v or_o as_o exact_o observe_v for_o though_o the_o pole_n have_v be_v constant_o molest_v by_o their_o neighbour_n the_o suede_n moscovite_n tartar_n turk_n hungarian_n and_o german_n and_o their_o kingdom_n be_v several_a time_n reduce_v to_o extremity_n burn_v and_o plunder_v by_o frequent_a incursion_n put_v into_o convulsion_n and_o desolation_n and_o thousand_o of_o their_o people_n be_v carry_v away_o into_o king_n captivity_n yet_o by_o the_o prudent_a conduct_n and_o courage_n of_o their_o king_n through_o a_o desire_n of_o gain_v the_o affection_n of_o their_o subject_n by_o serve_v their_o country_n zealous_o to_o the_o end_n their_o fame_n and_o merit_n may_v raise_v their_o child_n to_o the_o throne_n after_o their_o death_n the_o pole_n have_v not_o only_o always_o oppose_v but_o likewise_o repulse_v the_o exorbitant_a force_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o have_v also_o by_o degree_n enlarge_v their_o country_n by_o vast_a conquest_n and_o render_v it_o several_a time_n the_o most_o formidable_a of_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n they_o have_v likewise_o never_o submit_v to_o any_o foreign_a power_n no_o not_o even_o to_o the_o roman_n by_o force_n they_o have_v also_o hitherto_o inviolable_o maintain_v their_o liberty_n property_n and_o peculiar_a manner_n of_o government_n against_o all_o the_o attempt_n both_o of_o their_o enemy_n abroad_o or_o the_o cabal_n form_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o king_n at_o home_n and_o i_o believe_v i_o may_v say_v to_o their_o great_a commendation_n that_o they_o be_v the_o only_a nation_n in_o the_o world_n who_o have_v keep_v the_o long_a succession_n of_o king_n without_o subject_v themselves_o either_o to_o a_o despotic_a or_o hereditary_a monarchy_n their_o prince_n be_v now_o as_o most_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o whole_o elect_v by_o the_o people_n though_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v say_v the_o pole_n have_v never_o exclude_v their_o king_n child_n yet_o must_v it_o be_v understand_v that_o their_o crown_n have_v not_o always_o be_v in_o the_o same_o family_n by_o reason_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o royal_a line_n have_v fail_v and_o therefore_o they_o have_v consequent_o be_v oblige_v to_o elect_v prince_n out_o of_o other_o family_n but_o still_o i_o may_v very_o well_o affirm_v that_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o stranger_n choose_v except_o in_o the_o present_a election_n where_o the_o precede_a king_n have_v any_o issue_n survive_v prince_n the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v in_o all_o be_v fifty_o two_o whereof_o be_v woman_n as_o venda_n and_o hedwigis_fw-la both_o have_v have_v the_o government_n for_o some_o time_n and_o the_o other_o forty_o eight_o be_v men._n 22._o at_o first_o these_o prince_n be_v only_o style_v deuce_n duke_n or_o general_n of_o poland_n as_o if_o their_o office_n in_o those_o time_n have_v be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o head_n army_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o to_o boleslaus_n chrobry_n they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o crown_v this_o title_n continue_v from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 1005._o when_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o create_v boleslaus_n i._o the_o sixteen_o duke_n of_o poland_n king_n king_n be_v the_o second_o christian_n prince_n that_o have_v govern_v that_o country_n all_o before_o he_o and_o miecislaus_fw-la i._n his_o father_n have_v be_v pagan_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o pole_n themselves_o till_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o this_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o fifteen_o duke_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n in_o the_o year_n 964_o in_o pope_n john_n the_o xiiith_n time_n by_o which_o mean_v his_o son_n boleslaus_n come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o king_n all_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n may_v be_v divide_v king_n into_o four_o class_n whereof_o the_o first_o and_o last_o be_v of_o different_a family_n the_o second_o and_o three_o of_o but_o one_o in_o which_o the_o crown_n pass_v from_o the_o father_n to_o the_o daughter_n the_o first_o class_n reign_v from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 830_o the_o second_o from_o 830_o to_o 1382_o the_o three_o from_o 1382_o to_o 1574_o and_o the_o last_o from_o thence_o down_o to_o our_o time_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v your_o lordship_n some_o short_a account_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o most_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o first_o class_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o poland_n from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 830._o 550._o lechus_n 8._o son_n of_o anon_o first_o duke_n of_o poland_n as_o i_o say_v before_o found_v this_o nation_n build_v he_o build_v the_o first_o city_n there_o name_v it_o gnesna_n now_o the_o primate_n see_v as_o likewise_o the_o city_n of_o posnan_n capital_a of_o posnania_n it_o be_v uncertain_a how_o many_o govern_v before_o his_o race_n come_v to_o be_v extinct_a and_o there_o be_v great_a contest_v among_o the_o polish_v historian_n about_o his_o successor_n but_o some_o affirm_v that_o he_o order_v by_o his_o last_o will_n like_a alexander_n the_o great_a that_o they_o shall_v elect_v the_o most_o worthy_a person_n among_o they_o visimirus_n visimirus_n his_o 52._o nephew_n be_v thereupon_o choose_v who_o be_v report_v to_o have_v extend_v his_o dominion_n even_o to_o the_o very_a border_n of_o denmark_n and_o to_o have_v build_v a_o very_a great_a ship_n which_o be_v a_o exceed_a terror_n to_o the_o dane_n he_o be_v also_o say_v to_o have_v give_v that_o nation_n a_o great_a overthrow_n by_o sea_n and_o to_o have_v pursue_v his_o victory_n into_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o that_o kingdom_n where_o he_o subdue_v many_o province_n and_o conquesis_n build_v several_a city_n whereof_o one_o be_v wismar_n which_o retain_v his_o name_n to_o this_o day_n in_o one_o battle_n this_o visimirus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v take_v the_o danish_a king_n prisoner_n and_o to_o have_v carry_v he_o into_o poland_n whence_o afterward_o be_v release_v and_o conspire_v together_o with_o the_o swede_n and_o holsatian_o he_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o poland_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n but_o be_v soon_o meet_v and_o vanquish_v again_o by_o wisimir_n who_o thereupon_o push_v on_o his_o victory_n so_o far_o as_o to_o reduce_v the_o great_a part_n of_o denmark_n which_o he_o then_o unite_v to_o poland_n in_o opposition_n to_o this_o story_n monsieur_fw-fr pauli_n minister_v here_o from_o denmark_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o the_o pole_n never_o make_v any_o conquest_n in_o that_o country_n which_o may_v give_v some_o exception_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n though_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suppose_v that_o several_a king_n reign_v during_o the_o space_n of_o 150_o year_n there_o be_v so_o much_o time_n between_o the_o begin_n of_o lechus_n his_o reign_n and_o the_o election_n of_o cracus_n however_o to_o gratify_v the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o public_a i_o hope_v i_o have_v not_o do_v amiss_o to_o insert_v it_o since_o i_o withal_o quote_v my_o author_n after_o many_o glorious_a action_n have_v great_o augment_v his_o dominion_n this_o wisimir_n die_v death_n without_o issue_n vapovius_fw-la say_v that_o lechus_n his_o posterity_n reign_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n between_o he_o and_o cracus_n be_v 150_o year_n yet_o have_v consult_v all_o their_o historian_n i_o can_v find_v no_o manner_n of_o account_n give_v of_o their_o reigâ—â—_n nor_o of_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n in_o all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n lechus_n his_o issue_n be_v extinct_a it_o be_v certain_a the_o woievod_n people_n elect_v twelve_o woievod_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n captain_n of_o war_n to_o govern_v they_o who_o divide_v that_o country_n into_o twelve_o part_n for_o the_o pole_n stick_v close_o to_o their_o liberty_n will_v then_o by_o no_o mean_n put_v the_o government_n into_o one_o man_n hand_n but_o soon_o after_o these_o depose_v palatine_n disagree_v among_o themselves_o the_o people_n choose_v one_o 700._o cracus_n for_o their_o head_n a_o very_a rich_a and_o popular_a person_n report_v to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o gracchi_n at_o rome_n who_o be_v banish_v into_o this_o country_n by_o king_n ancus_n who_o this_o cracus_n be_v all_o historian_n do_v not_o agree_v the_o polish_v writer_n say_v he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o twelve_o woievod_n but_o the_o etc._n bohemian_n affirm_v he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o country_n he_o gain_v extreme_o upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o he_o soon_o appease_v the_o impend_a storm_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n build_v a_o city_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n 〈◊〉_d call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n cracow_n and_o transfer_v his_o residence_n from_o gnesna_n thither_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o this_o city_n have_v ever_o since_o
by_o his_o wife_n repicha_n a_o â—â—rave_a and_o warlike_a prince_n this_o duke_n have_v considerable_a advantage_n by_o have_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n long_o before_o his_o father_n death_n who_o for_o some_o time_n be_v superâ—â—nnuated_a he_o obtain_v great_a conquest_n over_o the_o hungarian_n moravian_o and_o german_n and_o war_n be_v the_o 15._o first_o that_o bring_v the_o polish_v army_n to_o a_o discipline_n by_o institute_v general_n colonel_n captain_n and_o other_o subaltern_n officer_n among_o they_o he_o regain_v what_o the_o popielsâ—â—ost_o â—â—ost_z and_o beside_o considerable_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n by_o new_a conquest_n character_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o boundless_a resolution_n seem_v destine_v for_o war_n 22._o be_v able_a to_o undergo_v the_o great_a fatigue_n and_o consequent_o be_v exceed_o admire_v and_o belove_v by_o his_o subject_n he_o die_v at_o gnesna_n be_v bury_v death_n there_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 892._o lescus_n iu._n who_o be_v elect_v young_a be_v under_o the_o care_n of_o governor_n for_o some_o time_n he_o be_v of_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a disposition_n character_n incline_v rather_o to_o peace_n than_o war_n and_o content_v to_o preserve_v what_o his_o father_n have_v leave_v he_o without_o ever_o aim_v to_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 913_o and_o be_v death_n succeed_v by_o his_o son_n character_n ziemovistus_n who_o reign_v 51_o year_n this_o prince_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o his_o father_n there_o have_v be_v no_o war_n in_o his_o time_n he_o have_v but_o one_o son_n â—â—ecislaus_n i._n who_o be_v bear_v blind_a be_v miracuâ—â—ously_o restore_v to_o his_o sight_n about_o the_o age_n of_o seven_o year_n when_o he_o be_v about_o to_o have_v his_o head_n shave_v according_a to_o the_o pagan_a custom_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o magi_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o prognosticate_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v the_o light_n of_o poland_n which_o not_o long_o after_o his_o election_n death_n come_v to_o pass_v ziemovistus_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o gnesna_n and_o his_o son_n 964._o miecislaus_fw-la i._n come_v to_o the_o crown_n next_o he_o have_v seven_o wife_n at_o a_o time_n yet_o can_v have_v no_o child_n by_o they_o which_o open_v a_o way_n christian_n for_o the_o christian_a faith_n to_o enter_v poland_n for_o there_o be_v then_o several_a christian_n wander_v up_o and_o down_o that_o country_n to_o convert_v those_o pagan_n they_o come_v to_o this_o duke_n and_o tell_v he_o he_o can_v never_o have_v any_o issue_n till_o he_o have_v turn_v christian_a which_o miecislaus_fw-la harken_v to_o immediate_o put_v away_o all_o his_o wife_n and_o wife_n marry_v dambrawca_n daughter_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n on_o condition_n to_o turn_v christian_a and_o be_v baptize_v whereupon_o pope_n john_n xiii_o send_v cardinal_n aegidius_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o priest_n into_o poland_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n there_o which_o before_o have_v be_v altogether_o unknown_a in_o that_o country_n this_o duke_n erect_v the_o archbishoprics_a of_o gnesna_n and_o cracow_n with_o several_a bishopric_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n miecislaus_fw-la have_v a_o son_n call_v boleslâ—â—us_o which_o mighty_o augment_v his_o zeal_n to_o oblige_v his_o subject_n to_o be_v convert_v 19_o for_o he_o cause_v a_o law_n to_o be_v make_v that_o while_o any_o part_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v at_o mass_n every_o man_n shall_v half_o draw_v his_o scimitar_n to_o testify_v their_o forwardness_n to_o defend_v that_o faith_n war_n this_o duke_n have_v war_n with_o vlodimirus_n duke_n of_o russia_n to_o who_o he_o lose_v premislia_n and_o other_o to_n he_o send_v lambert_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o rome_n to_o obtain_v leave_n of_o pope_n benedict_n vii_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v style_v king_n but_o be_v refuse_v this_o pontiff_n not_o be_v yet_o dispose_v to_o grant_v that_o favour_n he_o bury_v dambrawca_n and_o afterward_o marry_v judith_n daughter_n of_o jesse_n prince_n of_o hungary_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 999._o boleslaus_n chrobry_n a_o virtuous_a prince_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 999._o and_o 130._o after_o some_o year_n reign_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o pope_n be_v dignify_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n by_o 1005._o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o who_o also_o remit_v the_o pretension_n his_o predecessor_n have_v to_o poland_n as_o be_v emperor_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o this_o in_o consideration_n of_o a_o kind_a entertainment_n make_v he_o by_o boleslaus_n in_o his_o pilgrimage_n on_o account_n of_o his_o health_n to_o the_o tomb_n of_o st._n adalbert_n bishop_n of_o prague_n who_o be_v martyr_v by_o some_o pagan_n to_o who_o he_o offer_v to_o preach_v the_o christian_a faith_n of_o these_o barbarian_n boleslaus_n buy_v his_o body_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v bury_v at_o gnesna_n whither_o great_a number_n from_o all_o part_n come_v to_o pay_v their_o devotion_n at_o his_o shrine_n the_o emperor_n otho_n also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n marry_v his_o niece_n rixa_fw-la to_o boleslaus_n his_o young_a son_n miecislaus_fw-la who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n to_o confirm_v his_o be_v crown_v king_n by_o otho_n the_o emperor_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o recite_v part_n of_o a_o old_a epitaph_n write_v upon_o he_o ob_fw-la famam_fw-la bonam_fw-la tibi_fw-la contulit_fw-la otto_n coronam_fw-la propter_fw-la luctamen_fw-la sit_fw-la tibi_fw-la salus_fw-la amen_n 22._o this_o king_n be_v surname_v chrobry_n signify_v in_o polish_v acute_a from_o the_o quickness_n and_o excellency_n of_o his_o part_n boleslaus_n make_v bohemia_n moravia_n and_o prussia_n tributary_n to_o poland_n war_n he_o also_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o saxon_n who_o make_v incursion_n into_o pomerania_n which_o be_v then_o govern_v by_o lescus_n iii_n family_n he_o assistant_n likewise_o institute_v twelve_o senator_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o government_n this_o king_n death_n be_v so_o sincere_o regret_v that_o for_o a_o year_n time_n there_o be_v no_o mirth_n nor_o splendour_n in_o poland_n 71._o this_o prince_n be_v of_o a_o undaunted_a character_n spirit_n though_o withal_o modest_a courteous_a and_o endear_n both_o boleslaus_n and_o his_o father_n lie_v bury_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n death_n of_o posnan_n who_o tomb_n i_o have_v there_o see_v his_o son_n 1025._o miecislaus_fw-la ii_o being_n about_o 35_o year_n old_a be_v elect_v next_o be_v crown_v by_o hippolytus_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o degenerate_v in_o all_o respect_n from_o his_o father_n and_o lose_v most_o of_o those_o conquest_n which_o he_o have_v add_v war_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o he_o the_o bohemian_n and_o â—â—avians_n refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n yet_o he_o â—â—ued_v pomerania_n which_o belong_v of_o right_n he_o polish_v crown_n he_o be_v a_o person_n very_o â—â—y_a and_o stupid_a and_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v character_n â—â—ed_v by_o his_o queen_n and_o companion_n than_o council_n which_o make_v he_o soon_o slight_v and_o â—â—ised_v both_o by_o his_o friend_n and_o enemy_n yet_o reign_v almost_o nine_o year_n and_o live_v forty_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v say_v he_o die_v mad_a and_o leave_v but_o death_n son_n 10â—â—4_n casimir_n i._n who_o be_v elect_v young_a his_o â—â—ther_n rixa_fw-la officiate_v the_o regency_n during_o regent_z minority_n this_o king_n be_v not_o choose_v withâ—â—_n much_o difficulty_n for_o many_o of_o the_o elector_n â—â—ing_n he_o may_v follow_v his_o father_n step_n viâ—â—ously_o oppose_v he_o at_o first_o also_o the_o polesâ—â—re_v â—â—re_z dissatisfy_v with_o his_o mother_n admiâ—â—ration_n for_o several_a reason_n among_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v her_o rob_v the_o treasury_n and_o afterwards_o fly_v with_o her_o son_n to_o her_o brother_n â—â—sar_n in_o saxony_n this_o young_a prince_n be_v send_v afterward_o his_o mother_n to_o study_v at_o paris_n become_v a_o bedictin_a monk_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o â—â—luncy_n in_o france_n the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n have_v no_o body_n to_o â—â—eside_v in_o their_o government_n have_v great_a disâ—â—sions_n among_o they_o and_o therefore_o earnest_o entreat_v the_o pope_n to_o dispense_v with_o casiâ—â—r's_n vow_n that_o he_o may_v return_v to_o his_o throne_n schich_v they_o at_o length_n obtain_v upon_o 71._o agreeent_n that_o for_o each_o head_n except_o those_o of_o the_o obility_n and_o clergy_n they_o will_v contribute_v early_o a_o farthing_n to_o maintain_v a_o lamp_n perpetual_o burn_v in_o st._n peter_n church_n at_o râ—â—_n and_o moreover_o for_o ever_o after_o cause_v their_o hâ—â—_n to_o be_v shave_v about_o their_o ear_n like_o moâ—â—_n which_o be_v practise_v to_o this_o day_n as_o likeâ—â—_n stand_v in_o a_o white_a surplice_n while_o mass_n be_v â—â—ciating_a recall_v on_o all_o holiday_n upon_o these_o conditor_n they_o have_v their_o king_n again_o but_o when_o he_o â—â—_o crown_v i_o
besiege_a friend_n when_o meet_v with_o conrade_n who_o come_v to_o oppose_v he_o near_o the_o river_n roba_fw-la he_o entire_o rout_v success_n he_o and_o force_v he_o back_o again_o into_o his_o own_o country_n this_o happen_v about_o the_o year_n 1285._o death_n this_o prince_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o trinity_n at_o cracow_n lescus_n the_o vi_o leave_v no_o child_n his_o kingdom_n consequent_o fall_v into_o great_a distraction_n for_o vladislaus_n locticus_n his_o brother_n seize_v on_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n and_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o ploskow_n brother_n to_o conrade_n duke_n of_o masovia_n on_o the_o palatinate_v of_o cracovia_n and_o sendomir_n but_o this_o latter_a be_v soon_o dispossess_v by_o 1290._o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n surname_v the_o honest_a of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n in_o the_o year_n 1290_o who_o be_v likewise_o not_o long_o after_o turn_v out_o by_o locticus_n but_o soon_o restore_v and_o reign_v in_o quality_n of_o king_n for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n though_o i_o do_v not_o read_v he_o be_v crown_v he_o appoint_v premislus_n duke_n of_o great_a poland_n for_o his_o successor_n be_v of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n likewise_o this_o premislus_n also_o have_v the_o province_n of_o pomerania_n leave_v he_o by_o miescingus_n prince_n of_o that_o country_n 1296._o premislus_n in_o the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o age_n be_v crown_v king_n at_o gnesna_n by_o james_n swinka_n archbishop_n of_o that_o city_n in_o the_o restore_v year_n 1296_o which_o be_v a_o honour_n that_o have_v not_o be_v 40._o do_v to_o any_o prince_n of_o poland_n before_o for_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n since_o boleslaus_n the_o bold_a kill_v stanislaus_n at_o the_o altar_n but_o premislus_n do_v not_o long_o enjoy_v this_o title_n for_o seven_o month_n after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v murder_v 97._o murder_v by_o some_o brandenburg_n emissary_n that_o marquis_n be_v afraid_a of_o this_o king_n who_o be_v master_n of_o pomerania_n which_o join_v to_o his_o country_n he_o be_v bury_v among_o his_o predecessor_n at_o posnan_n after_o the_o murder_n of_o king_n premislus_n 1296._o uladislaus_n locticus_n so_o call_v from_o the_o word_n 77._o lokiec_n a_o ell_n have_v his_o name_n from_o his_o low_a stature_n brother_n of_o lescus_n the_o black_a be_v choose_v in_o the_o year_n 1296_o and_o reign_v only_o four_o year_n he_o go_v upon_o a_o expedition_n against_o the_o silesian_n that_o be_v war_n incline_v to_o assist_v the_o bohemian_n against_o he_o who_o then_o pretend_v a_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n these_o locticus_n subdue_v and_o have_v considerable_o ravage_v their_o country_n return_v home_o where_o he_o afterward_o give_v himself_o up_o to_o a_o lewd_a and_o debauch_a life_n insomuch_o that_o vice_n he_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o all_o public_a business_n and_o mind_v nothing_o but_o his_o own_o private_a pleasure_n these_o his_o intolerable_a vice_n bring_v upon_o he_o the_o ill-will_a of_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o after_o three_o year_n reign_n they_o pronounce_v he_o unworthy_a of_o the_o sceptre_n and_o resolve_v to_o elect_v another_o hereupon_o locticus_n be_v dethrone_v dethrone_v they_o invite_v 1300._o winceslaus_fw-la king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o accept_v their_o crown_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o rixa_fw-la daughter_n of_o king_n premislus_n and_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1300_o but_o reign_v only_o to_o 1305._o after_o he_o come_v to_o reign_v he_o persecute_v locticus_n who_o hide_v himself_o for_o some_o time_n but_o be_v force_v at_o last_o to_o quit_v the_o kingdom_n when_o winceslaus_fw-la thus_o see_v himself_o secure_a at_o home_n by_o the_o flight_n of_o locticus_n and_o after_o have_v put_v bohemian_a garrison_n into_o the_o several_a city_n of_o poland_n which_o seem_v very_o policy_n uneasy_a to_o that_o nation_n he_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o go_v and_o settle_v affair_n in_o bohemia_n during_o this_o vladislaus_n locticus_n have_v a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o daily_o increase_v on_o account_n of_o discontent_n against_o winceslaus_fw-la and_o have_v get_v together_o several_a troop_n out_o of_o hungary_n he_o march_v direct_o war_n towards_o poland_n hear_v that_o the_o bohemian_a government_n be_v somewhat_o burdensome_a to_o that_o nation_n at_o first_o locticus_n have_v considerable_a advantage_n over_o the_o bohemian_n but_o by_o the_o death_n of_o winceslaus_fw-la which_o follow_v soon_o after_o he_o have_v all_o the_o success_n he_o can_v desire_v for_o the_o bohemian_n who_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o garrison_n find_v themselves_o in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o moreover_o hate_v and_o ill_o think_v on_o by_o the_o people_n be_v afraid_a of_o a_o insurrection_n against_o they_o and_o therefore_o make_v no_o great_a difficulty_n of_o surrender_v to_o locticus_n all_o those_o city_n and_o town_n they_o have_v possession_n of_o as_o cracow_n sendomir_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o mean_a time_n young_a winceslaus_fw-la come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o dispute_v his_o father_n kingdom_n with_o locticus_n be_v 118._o murder_v in_o the_o expedition_n it_o be_v think_v by_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n albert_n and_o since_o his_o time_n the_o bohemian_n have_v ever_o be_v govern_v by_o foreign_a prince_n winceslaus_fw-la king_n death_n of_o poland_n and_o bohemia_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o 147._o prague_n in_o the_o year_n 1305._o 1305._o after_o the_o death_n both_o of_o winceslaus_fw-la the_o father_n and_o son_n vladislaus_n locticus_n be_v restore_v almost_o by_o common_a consent_n in_o the_o year_n 1305_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1333._o and_o this_o they_o do_v either_o because_o they_o think_v he_o have_v have_v time_n to_o repent_v and_o mend_v his_o former_a life_n or_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v afraid_a of_o civil_a war_n if_o they_o shall_v elect_v any_o other_o 119._o notwithstanding_o difficulty_n the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n and_o kalisch_n have_v a_o fresh_a memory_n of_o his_o past_a dissolute_a life_n will_v never_o acknowledge_v he_o their_o king_n also_o the_o governor_n of_o pomerania_n which_o then_o belong_v to_o poland_n be_v bribe_v by_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n deliver_v up_o to_o he_o all_o the_o city_n of_o that_o province_n as_o likewise_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n except_o the_o castle_n which_o the_o governor_n thereof_o one_o bogussa_n be_v true_o loyal_a to_o his_o king_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n surrender_v prussia_n in_o these_o day_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n be_v full_o settle_v in_o prussia_n be_v both_o very_a strong_a and_o very_a rich._n they_o be_v establish_v there_o by_o agreement_n with_o conrade_n brother_n to_o king_n vladislaus_n lasconogus_n for_o assist_v he_o against_o the_o prussian_n when_o he_o be_v oppress_v by_o they_o they_o there_o build_v some_o year_n before_o the_o city_n of_o 120._o marienburg_n appoint_v for_o build_v residence_n of_o their_o great_a master_n here_o locticus_n be_v oblige_v to_o crave_v their_o aid_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o pomerania_n and_o dantzic_n which_o they_o ready_o grant_v on_o condition_n that_o half_o the_o garrison_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o dantzic_n shall_v be_v of_o their_o troop_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o soon_o become_v master_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o they_o afterward_o not_o only_o turn_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o the_o pole_n castle_n but_o both_o brandenburgher_n and_o pomeranian_o out_o of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n itself_o and_o likewise_o under_o pretence_n of_o assist_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n conquer_v all_o pomerania_n for_o themselves_o when_o be_v master_n thereof_o they_o offer_v to_o buy_v the_o title_n of_o locticus_n for_o money_n which_o he_o refuse_v then_o they_o offer_v the_o same_o sum_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o renounce_v his_o right_n to_o that_o province_n which_o he_o though_o he_o have_v no_o title_n to_o sell_v yet_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o accept_v their_o prosser_n the_o pole_n be_v very_o sensible_a of_o all_o these_o affront_v and_o injustice_n offer_v they_o by_o the_o teutonic_n order_n but_o before_o they_o proceed_v to_o revenge_n they_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o 123._o acquaint_v the_o pope_n therewith_o who_o live_v then_o at_o avignon_n who_o after_o four_o year_n delay_n and_o debate_n order_v the_o knight_n to_o give_v due_a fatisfaction_n to_o the_o pole_n but_o they_o have_v have_v four_o year_n respite_n to_o fortify_v themselves_o and_o to_o make_v strong_a alliance_n with_o some_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o beside_o have_v a_o very_a considerable_a army_n on_o foot_n answer_v his_o holiness_n that_o they_o have_v often_o do_v great_a service_n for_o poland_n that_o that_o kingdom_n owe_v they_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o that_o they_o presume_v that_o not_o only_o the_o land_n they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o in_o prussia_n and_o pomerania_n
be_v lawful_o they_o but_o that_o also_o they_o think_v the_o pole_n oblige_v to_o give_v they_o either_o more_o land_n or_o more_o money_n to_o recompense_v the_o several_a kindness_n they_o have_v do_v pope_n they_o hereupon_o the_o pope_n excommunicate_v this_o order_n and_o the_o pole_n under_o command_n of_o their_o king_n march_v direct_o against_o '_o they_o here_o locticus_n make_v a_o eloquent_a speech_n to_o army_n his_o army_n represent_v the_o many_o affront_v and_o injustice_n they_o have_v receive_v from_o a_o little_a sect_n of_o people_n to_o which_o his_o predecessor_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v out_o of_o mere_a goodness_n give_v their_o protection_n when_o banish_v from_o their_o own_o country_n by_o the_o saracen_n then_o he_o enlarge_v upon_o the_o covetousness_n and_o ambition_n of_o this_o order_n and_o conclude_v by_o encourage_v his_o man_n to_o fight_v brave_o and_o not_o suffer_v those_o to_o become_v their_o master_n who_o be_v at_o first_o their_o vassal_n hereupon_o the_o pole_n animate_v by_o this_o speech_n of_o their_o king_n though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o their_o enemy_n yet_o fight_v so_o sierce_o and_o brave_o that_o they_o entire_o rout_v the_o teutonic_n order_n order_n and_o kill_v about_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o their_o man_n though_o they_o themselves_o have_v have_v the_o presumption_n to_o affirm_v that_o they_o do_v not_o lose_v above_o five_o or_o six_o hundred_o 131._o among_o the_o wound_a there_o be_v one_o florianus_n szari_n knight_n of_o that_o order_n who_o have_v his_o belly_n open_v with_o a_o scymiter_n and_o his_o gut_n drop_v out_o which_o he_o hold_v up_o with_o his_o hand_n the_o king_n pass_v by_o pity_v he_o whereupon_o the_o knight_n say_v to_o he_o sir_n a_o man_n in_o his_o village_n suffer_v more_o than_o i_o do_v when_o he_o have_v bad_a neighbour_n the_o king_n admire_v at_o this_o die_a man_n thought_n immediate_o cause_v his_o surgeon_n to_o take_v care_n of_o he_o and_o when_o he_o be_v well_o give_v he_o land_n that_o have_v no_o bad_a neighbour_n about_o it_o 78._o this_o vladislaus_n it_o seem_v not_o be_v thorough_o satisfy_v with_o premislus_n his_o right_n to_o transmit_v the_o title_n of_o king_n to_o his_o posterity_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o pope_n send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o his_o holiness_n to_o request_v a_o liberty_n for_o himself_o pope_n and_o his_o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la to_o be_v crown_v which_o be_v forthwith_o grant_v and_o the_o ceremony_n perform_v in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o cracow_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o other_o bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 1320._o the_o king_n long_o after_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1333._o 1333._o casimir_n the_o great_a succeed_v his_o father_n locticus_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1333_o and_o knight_n reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1370._o he_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n that_o be_v not_o at_o all_o advantageous_a or_o honourable_a to_o the_o polish_v nation_n the_o knight_n be_v thereby_o still_o to_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o prussia_n dantzic_n and_o pomerania_n notwithstanding_o the_o threaten_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o bull_n of_o excommunication_n this_o casimir_n have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v the_o last_o male_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n wherefore_o that_o the_o crown_n may_v not_o go_v altogether_o out_o of_o his_o family_n before_o his_o death_n he_o 166._o prevail_v with_o the_o pole_n to_o elect_v charles_n king_n of_o hungary_n his_o own_o sister_n son_n but_o he_o die_v before_o casimir_n his_o son_n lewis_n be_v choose_v the_o pole_n have_v several_a conquest_n time_n conquer_v russia_n but_o it_o be_v never_o enjoy_v peaceable_o till_o casimir_n time_n who_o have_v have_v better_a success_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n annex_v it_o as_o a_o province_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o province_n of_o masovia_n be_v likewise_o conquer_v by_o he_o and_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n 135._o the_o pole_n have_v never_o hitherto_o any_o write_a law_n and_o but_o very_o few_o make_v deed_n till_o casimir_n begin_v to_o make_v institution_n name_n judge_n create_v magistrate_n build_v fort_n and_o to_o establish_v a_o better_a oeconomy_n in_o the_o kingdom_n than_o any_o prince_n before_o he_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n seem_v very_o rational_a and_o political_a to_o he_o have_v have_v a_o sensible_a experience_n of_o the_o good_a government_n of_o this_o order_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n wherefore_o he_o introduce_v their_o law_n into_o poland_n which_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o and_o be_v call_v the_o magdeburg_n law_n character_n this_o casimir_n be_v a_o very_a lewd_a prince_n but_o withal_o exceed_o liberal_a and_o just_a he_o keep_v a_o jewish_a concubine_n at_o who_o request_n he_o grant_v great_a privilege_n to_o that_o people_n he_o gain_v so_o well_o the_o good_a opinion_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o be_v style_v the_o father_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o a_o great_a many_o 122._o german_n who_o be_v oppress_v by_o their_o own_o prince_n in_o his_o time_n come_v into_o poland_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o inhabit_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n the_o daughter_n of_o boguslaus_fw-la duke_n of_o pomerania_n be_v then_o marry_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n casimir_n celebrate_v the_o nuptial_n with_o great_a splendour_n and_o magnisicence_n at_o cracow_n where_o assist_v lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n sigismond_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o petrua_n king_n of_o cyprus_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o many_o prince_n of_o germany_n poland_n and_o other_o country_n valachia_n at_o that_o time_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o republic_n of_o itself_o have_v before_o have_v governor_n which_o they_o call_v hospodar_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v dead_a and_o his_o child_n aspire_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n casimir_n send_v a_o army_n to_o support_v war_n they_o but_o by_o a_o ambush_n of_o the_o valachian_n place_v in_o a_o wood_n be_v entire_o defeat_v casimir_n die_v soon_o after_o this_o of_o a_o fall_n from_o his_o death_n horse_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n this_o king_n reign_v thirty_o seven_o year_n and_o live_v sixty_o 102._o he_o be_v surname_v the_o great_a be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o have_v have_v that_o title_n among_o the_o polish_v prince_n not_o because_o he_o have_v gain_v a_o great_a many_o victory_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o beautiful_a structure_n and_o fortress_n he_o have_v build_v as_o likewise_o of_o the_o many_o beneficial_a law_n and_o constituion_n which_o he_o have_v make_v casimir_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n have_v cause_v his_o own_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n 1370._o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n to_o be_v elect_v for_o his_o successor_n during_o his_o life-time_n who_o be_v crown_v according_o in_o poland_n in_o the_o 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to_o see_v their_o town_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o hungarian_a garrison_n and_o beside_o they_o be_v so_o much_o displease_v with_o their_o king_n be_v leave_v they_o to_o the_o government_n of_o his_o mother_n who_o they_o neither_o love_v nor_o esteem_v that_o they_o send_v to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o they_o think_v it_o honour_n enough_o for_o himself_o to_o govern_v poland_n all_o these_o trouble_n and_o distrust_v soon_o oblige_v the_o king_n to_o return_v into_o poland_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n of_o hungarian_n where_o he_o first_o march_v war_n against_o the_o rebel_n russian_n and_o subdue_v they_o next_o against_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n soon_o after_o which_o he_o die_v and_o be_v death_n bury_v at_o belgrade_n in_o hungary_n in_o the_o 56th_o year_n of_o his_o age_n have_v reign_v 12_o year_n he_o issue_n leave_v two_o daughter_n but_o no_o son_n one_o of_o which_o marry_v to_o sigismond_n the_o emperor_n
about_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o persia_n greece_n and_o rome_n a_o certain_a merry_a fellow_n start_v up_o and_o cry_v what_o make_v you_o thus_o boast_v gentleman_n of_o the_o antiquity_n and_o extent_n of_o these_o monarchy_n when_o we_o of_o babina_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a and_o of_o wide_a bound_n than_o they_o all_o what_o say_v david_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la mendax_fw-la all_o man_n be_v liar_n wherefore_o the_o whole_a earth_n must_v consequent_o have_v be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o our_o jurisdiction_n from_o all_o age_n his_o opinion_n be_v unanimous_o receive_v with_o applause_n this_o society_n further_o boast_v of_o have_v always_o have_v privilege_n and_o immunity_n from_o emperor_n and_o king_n but_o still_o such_o as_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o their_o reflection_n be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v of_o this_o republic_n the_o place_n where_o this_o assembly_n meet_v the_o member_n term_v gelda_n be_v the_o word_n that_o the_o dantzicker_n use_v for_o a_o tavern_n and_o which_o the_o pole_n apply_v to_o a_o merry_a company_n of_o witty_a fellow_n death_n sigismond_n die_v of_o a_o chronical_a distemper_n at_o knyssin_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o lithuania_n &c_n &c_n and_o leave_v no_o child_n but_o have_v two_o sister_n survive_v catherine_n and_o ann_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v first_o marry_v to_o john_n duke_n of_o finland_n and_o then_o to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n she_o be_v mother_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o who_o be_v afterward_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n ann_n live_v a_o long_a while_o a_o maid_n till_o she_o be_v marry_v to_o stephen_n batori_fw-mi prince_n of_o transilvania_n and_o afterward_o king_n of_o poland_n extinct_a after_o this_o sigismund_n death_n the_o male_a race_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n be_v quite_o extinct_a i_o be_o afraid_a i_o have_v almost_o tire_v your_o lordship_n patience_n with_o this_o prolix_a narrative_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o class_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n yet_o i_o can_v safe_o aver_v that_o i_o have_v be_v as_o concise_a as_o the_o subject_a matter_n will_v hear_v since_o i_o have_v run_v through_o the_o course_n of_o about_o 800_o year_n where_o your_o lordship_n may_v observe_v that_o though_o these_o prince_n can_v never_o prevail_v with_o their_o subject_n to_o declare_v their_o kingdom_n hereditary_a yet_o they_o have_v sometime_o influence_n sufficient_a over_o they_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o elect_v their_o child_n for_o their_o successor_n while_o they_o themselves_o be_v yet_o alive_a and_o likewise_o sometime_o the_o great_a service_n they_o have_v render_v their_o country_n oblige_v the_o pole_n in_o gratitude_n to_o advance_v their_o issue_n to_o the_o throne_n after_o their_o death_n beside_o the_o natural_a affection_n which_o this_o country_n always_o bear_v to_o the_o royal_a family_n incline_v they_o to_o elect_v the_o next_o relation_n to_o the_o decease_a king_n but_o notwithstanding_o after_o sigismond_n the_o second_v death_n though_o there_o be_v several_a of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n remain_v alive_a both_o in_o poland_n and_o silesia_n yet_o the_o pole_n for_o fear_v so_o long_o and_o so_o uninterrupted_a a_o succession_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o same_o line_n may_v subject_v they_o to_o a_o despotic_a monarchy_n as_o they_o almost_o be_v in_o sigismund_n time_n resolve_v to_o choose_v king_n out_o of_o other_o family_n as_o they_o effectual_o do_v afterward_o out_o of_o france_n transilvania_n and_o sweden_n which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o relation_n of_o and_o therefore_o to_o ease_v your_o impatience_n i_o will_v subscribe_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o obedient_a humble_a servant_n b._n c._n letter_n iii_o to_o his_o grace_n william_n duke_n of_o devonshire_n lord_n steward_n of_o his_o majesty_n household_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o four_o class_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n consist_v of_o mix_a family_n from_o the_o year_n 1574_o to_o 1674._o my_o lord_n the_o great_a esteem_n and_o true_a respect_n which_o your_o eminent_a quality_n and_o gallant_a behaviour_n both_o beyond_o sea_n and_o at_o home_n command_v from_o all_o those_o who_o have_v hear_v of_o your_o name_n make_v i_o ambitious_a to_o give_v your_o grace_n in_o this_o account_n of_o poland_n a_o testimony_n of_o i_o and_o congratulate_v myself_o in_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v know_v to_o so_o great_a a_o person_n the_o subject_a my_o lord_n i_o think_v most_o suitable_a to_o so_o great_a a_o mind_n and_o genius_n as_o you_o be_v a_o relation_n of_o heroic_a action_n i_o mean_v the_o live_v of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n from_o the_o last_o of_o the_o jagellonick_a family_n to_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n comprehend_v the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n by_o sigismond_n the_o second_v death_n the_o great_a and_o renown_a family_n of_o jagello_n come_v to_o be_v extinct_a as_o to_o male_n for_o he_o leave_v no_o child_n and_o have_v only_o two_o sister_n catherine_n and_o ann._n the_o former_a be_v first_o marry_v to_o john_n duke_n of_o finland_n and_o next_o to_o john_n iii_o king_n of_o sueden_n have_v be_v mother_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o who_o be_v afterward_o both_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o sueden_n the_o latter_a ann_n live_v a_o maid_n for_o a_o considerable_a while_n till_o stephen_n batori_n prince_n of_o transylvania_n be_v elect_a king_n of_o poland_n marry_v she_o but_o have_v no_o issue_n by_o she_o call_v the_o abp_n of_o gnesna_n james_n vchanski_n have_v notify_v the_o late_a king_n death_n to_o all_o the_o gentry_n call_v a_o diet_n after_o the_o usual_a manner_n to_o elect_a another_o whereupon_o several_a candidate_n appear_v they_o all_o have_v their_o different_a party_n and_o friend_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o chief_a pretender_n be_v ernest_n of_o austria_n the_o emperor_n son_n john_n iii_o king_n of_o sueden_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o henry_n of_o valois_n brother_n to_o charles_n ix_o of_o france_n beside_o several_a native_n of_o the_o country_n after_o a_o long_a deliberation_n they_o pitch_v upon_o 1574._o henry_n of_o valois_n duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o send_v 2._o adam_n conarsky_n bishop_n of_o posnan_n and_o albert_n laski_n palatin_n of_o siradia_n in_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n together_o with_o several_a other_o senator_n into_o france_n to_o bring_v he_o into_o his_o kingdom_n after_o have_v agree_v to_o the_o follow_a article_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o which_o both_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o brother_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n the_o article_n be_v as_o follow_v imprimis_fw-la that_o henry_n of_o valois_n shall_v transport_v all_o his_o effect_n and_o annual_a revenue_n in_o france_n into_o poland_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v pay_v sigismond_n the_o late_a king_n debt_n with_o his_o own_o money_n 3._o that_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v maintain_v a_o hundred_o young_a polish_v nobleman_n at_o his_o court_n and_o fifty_o in_o other_o place_n 4._o and_o last_o that_o he_o shall_v build_v a_o fleet_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o help_v the_o pole_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n there_o be_v another_o article_n the_o king_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n consent_n to_o till_o he_o come_v into_o poland_n and_o that_o be_v 5._o that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n late_a king_n of_o poland_n king_n henry_n have_v thus_o chief_o satisfy_v the_o condition_n he_o set_v forth_o from_o paris_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1576_o and_o pass_v through_o lorain_n and_o germany_n direct_o to_o posnan_n in_o poland_n whence_o he_o soon_o after_o coronation_n go_v and_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n the_o 21_o of_o february_n 1577_o but_o in_o four_o month_n time_n after_o his_o coronation_n receive_v letter_n from_o france_n that_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n be_v 1._o dead_a without_o issue_n and_o be_v beg_v to_o return_v to_o enjoy_v his_o right_n he_o communicate_v those_o letter_n to_o the_o senate_n acquaint_v they_o withal_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a he_o shall_v return_v into_o france_n to_o prevent_v civil_a war_n and_o maintain_v his_o title_n to_o that_o crown_n but_o fear_v lest_o the_o pole_n may_v have_v detain_v he_o as_o i_o have_v often_o hear_v they_o say_v they_o will_v certain_o have_v do_v on_o the_o 18_o of_o march_n he_o steal_v away_o poland_n and_o rid_v post_n through_o silesia_n and_o germany_n into_o italy_n and_o thence_o to_o france_n the_o king_n be_v miss_v next_o morning_n they_o send_v several_a senator_n after_o he_o who_o overtake_v he_o in_o silesia_n and_o beg_v of_o he_o to_o return_v and_o not_o abandon_v a_o nation_n so_o shameful_o which_o
and_o king_n of_o sweden_n contend_v for_o prior_n admittance_n when_o the_o latter_a be_v prevent_v by_o the_o gout_n or_o at_o least_o so_o feign_v it_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v the_o emperor_n minister_n therefore_o be_v introduce_v who_o in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o master_n recommend_v likewise_o prince_n vladislaus_n afterward_o the_o swedish_n embassador_n indisposition_n give_v he_o leave_v to_o be_v admit_v he_o propose_v a_o strict_a alliance_n between_o sweden_n and_o poland_n in_o case_n the_o diet_n will_v elect_v none_o of_o sigismund_n issue_n but_o on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v first_o renounce_v all_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n this_o proposal_n be_v not_o at_o all_o approve_v of_o and_o there_o be_v something_o else_o say_v also_o by_o this_o minister_n which_o mighty_o displease_v the_o diet_n yet_o at_o that_o time_n they_o think_v it_o better_a to_o dissemble_v their_o dislike_n than_o provoke_v so_o powerful_a a_o prince_n as_o gustavus_n by_o a_o resentment_n vote_n at_o this_o diet_n the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n have_v a_o great_a favour_n grant_v they_o which_o be_v for_o the_o future_a to_o have_v a_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n which_o privilege_n have_v never_o be_v grant_v before_o but_o to_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n and_o vilna_n one_o be_v capital_a of_o poland_n and_o the_o other_o of_o lithuania_n prince_n 1632._o uladislaus_n be_v choose_v the_o 13_o of_o november_n 1632._o when_o he_o take_v the_o usual_a oath_n be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o primate_n and_o afterward_o crown_v on_o the_o 18_o of_o february_n 1633._o marriage_n he_o be_v first_o marry_v to_o coecilia_n renata_n daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n ii_o and_o afterward_o to_o the_o princess_n mary_n ludovica_n di_fw-it gonzaga_n daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o nevers_n of_o the_o house_n of_o mantua_n the_o king_n of_o france_n always_o match_v the_o princess_n of_o nevers_n and_o nemours_n as_o princess_n of_o the_o blood_n to_o crown_v head_n war_n the_o year_n after_o his_o election_n vladislaus_n not_o only_o force_v the_o muscovite_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o obtain_v a_o signal_n victory_n over_o they_o but_o likewise_o bring_v their_o army_n to_o such_o extremity_n that_o they_o surrender_v themselves_o and_o the_o turk_n who_o have_v make_v a_o diversion_n be_v also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n brave_o repulse_v not_o long_o after_o vladislaus_n make_v a_o advantageous_a peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o renounce_v their_o protension_n to_o the_o two_o large_a dukedom_n of_o smolensko_n and_o zernikow_n which_o beget_v such_o a_o terror_n in_o the_o turk_n that_o they_o also_o free_o make_v restitution_n for_o the_o damage_n sustain_v in_o their_o last_o incursion_n and_o strangle_v their_o bassa_n who_o command_v those_o force_n he_o force_v likewise_o the_o swede_n to_o restore_v he_o those_o place_n they_o possess_v in_o prussia_n and_o to_o prolong_v the_o truce_n for_o 26_o year_n which_o they_o the_o easy_o consent_v to_o by_o reason_n that_o their_o affair_n in_o germany_n be_v but_o in_o a_o ill_a condition_n after_o the_o battle_n of_o norlinguen_n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o cosack_n war_n with_o the_o cosack_n be_v lay_v which_o bring_v unspeakable_a damage_n upon_o the_o pole_n and_o which_o be_v occasion_v thus_o the_o privilege_n the_o cosack_n have_v obtain_v from_o king_n stephen_n make_v they_o to_o increase_v in_o number_n and_o grow_v much_o strong_a than_o they_o be_v before_o for_o the_o peasant_n of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n have_v be_v exceed_o oppress_v by_o their_o lord_n to_o deliver_v themselves_o from_o slavery_n run_v in_o great_a number_n into_o the_o vkraine_n whereby_o the_o cosack_v soon_o grow_v very_o formidable_a both_o to_o the_o pole_n and_o turk_n which_o embolden_v they_o to_o make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o turkey_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o the_o occasion_n of_o many_o bloody_a war_n between_o these_o two_o nation_n the_o great_a man_n of_o poland_n have_v purchase_v divers_a estate_n in_o vkraina_n think_v their_o revenue_n may_v be_v considerable_o augment_v if_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v but_o reduce_v to_o a_o narrow_a compass_n and_o if_o instead_o of_o plunder_v their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n they_o be_v restrain_v to_o manure_v the_o ground_n and_o live_v upon_o the_o product_n of_o their_o own_o labour_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n prevail_v upon_o their_o king_n vladislaus_n to_o send_v general_n konicepoliski_n to_o reduce_v they_o hereupon_o at_o first_o the_o cosack_v make_v a_o vigorous_a resistance_n and_o oppose_v the_o building_n of_o the_o fortress_n hudack_n just_a at_o a_o point_n where_o the_o river_n zwamer_n fall_v into_o the_o boristhenes_n but_o be_v at_o last_o entire_o defeat_v by_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o surrender_v their_o general_n paulack_a with_o some_o other_o of_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o who_o notwithstanding_o a_o pardon_n promise_v they_o beforehand_o be_v all_o behead_v beside_o this_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o diet_n that_o all_o their_o former_a privilege_n together_o with_o the_o fortress_n of_o tectimoravia_n grant_v they_o by_o king_n stephen_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o they_o and_o a_o new_a body_n of_o militia_n settle_v there_o in_o their_o stead_n to_o put_v this_o decree_n in_o execution_n the_o polish_v army_n march_v forthwith_o into_o the_o vkraine_n but_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o cosack_v with_o great_a bravery_n who_o yet_o nevertheless_o promise_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n provide_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n may_v be_v continue_v to_o they_o which_o the_o pole_n ready_o agree_v to_o but_o however_o never_o perform_v nay_o treat_v several_a of_o they_o very_o ill_o for_o among_o other_o oppressive_a method_n they_o take_v from_o they_o some_o of_o their_o greek_a church_n afterward_o the_o cosack_v recover_v in_o some_o measure_n under_o their_o general_n bogdan_n chmielinski_n who_o have_v be_v just_o enrage_v by_o jarinski_n ravish_v his_o wife_n and_o afterward_o murder_v both_o she_o and_o her_o son_n resolve_v on_o some_o expedient_a to_o revenge_v this_o affront_n and_o rid_v his_o country_n of_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n poszty_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n post_n be_v first_o use_v in_o poland_n settle_v after_o the_o german_a manner_n in_o the_o year_n 1647._o death_n king_n vladislaus_n after_o a_o indifferent_o happy_a reign_n die_v of_o a_o malignant_a fever_n at_o merick_n in_o lithuania_n the_o 20_o of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o the_o muscovite_n vanquish_v under_o his_o reign_n the_o turk_n force_v to_o sue_v for_o peace_n the_o inclination_n he_o ever_o have_v to_o oblige_v every_o body_n and_o the_o concern_v he_o be_v always_o under_o when_o it_o be_v out_o of_o his_o power_n to_o give_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o his_o liberality_n be_v powerful_a motive_n to_o induce_v the_o pole_n to_o regret_n his_o loss_n who_o consternation_n be_v the_o more_o augment_v after_o his_o death_n by_o their_o defeat_n and_o the_o take_n of_o divers_a place_n by_o the_o cosack_n for_o want_v of_o he_o vladislaus_n leave_v no_o issue_n his_o brother_n 1648._o john_n casimir_n who_o have_v lead_v a_o religious_a life_n for_o some_o time_n and_o be_v afterward_o create_v 599._o cardinal_n by_o innocent_a the_o xth._n succeed_v he_o be_v elect_a king_n in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o his_o brother_n die_v with_o the_o follow_a circumstance_n the_o primate_n mathias_n lubienski_n have_v signify_v the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n by_o circular_a call_v letter_n and_o convene_v a_o diet_n to_o meet_v on_o the_o 25_o of_o june_n the_o diet_n of_o election_n have_v be_v fix_v for_o the_o 6_o of_o october_n all_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n meet_v at_o the_o time_n appoint_v but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o heat_n and_o intrigue_n among_o they_o as_o former_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o cosack_n and_o tartar_n have_v raise_v too_o great_a disorder_n in_o poland_n for_o they_o to_o think_v of_o any_o thing_n at_o that_o time_n but_o union_n for_o the_o news_n of_o such_o prodigious_a preparation_n make_v against_o they_o be_v enough_o to_o stagger_v any_o resolution_n but_o that_o of_o the_o polander_n who_o valour_n have_v general_o procure_v they_o the_o great_a success_n hereupon_o order_n be_v immediate_o issue_v out_o to_o raise_v troop_n to_o oppose_v these_o cruel_a invader_n election_n and_o afterward_o the_o gentry_n proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n to_o the_o throne_n at_o which_o time_n no_o body_n think_v that_o prince_n casimir_n who_o be_v then_o compliment_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o sueden_n will_v have_v have_v any_o competitor_n for_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o transylvania_n
though_o they_o have_v succeed_v so_o very_o ill_o he_o do_v not_o desire_v the_o crown_n for_o himself_o but_o for_o his_o young_a son_n prince_n philip._n this_o duke_n make_v the_o like_a proffer_v for_o his_o son_n as_o he_o have_v do_v for_o himself_o at_o the_o precede_a diet._n the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n solicit_v powerful_o on_o his_o part_n and_o zeal_n the_o queen_n dowager_n have_v pawn_v even_o her_o jewel_n to_o augment_v his_o party_n but_o a_o false_a report_n of_o which_o some_o letter_n from_o rome_n give_v the_o occasion_n be_v intend_v to_o frustrate_v all_o his_o endeavour_n it_o be_v report_v that_o this_o prince_n be_v marry_v to_o the_o empress_n dowager_n every_o body_n know_v the_o obligation_n he_o have_v to_o that_o princess_n and_o how_o she_o grant_v he_o protection_n and_o make_v the_o emperor_n his_o friend_n after_o he_o have_v be_v deprive_v of_o his_o patrimony_n by_o france_n but_o notwithstanding_o the_o queen_n dowager_n still_o continue_v her_o esteem_n for_o he_o and_o soon_o dissipate_v the_o rumour_n raise_v against_o he_o by_o which_o she_o bring_v over_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o seem_v altogether_o to_o have_v forsake_v the_o interest_n she_o have_v before_o engage_v they_o in_o leave_v at_o length_n the_o number_n of_o competitor_n be_v reduce_v to_o three_o in_o favour_n of_o who_o as_o many_o faction_n be_v form_v all_o which_o threaten_v have_v consequence_n the_o first_o faction_n be_v that_o of_o lithuania_n head_v by_o the_o grand_a general_n patz_n who_o declare_v for_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o whilst_o patz_n be_v discourse_v with_o sobieski_n grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n at_o the_o camp_n of_o choczin_n sobieski_n say_v that_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o choose_v a_o king_n that_o be_v rich_a valiant_a and_o not_o young_a to_o which_o patz_n add_v and_o who_o above_o all_o be_v not_o marry_v this_o sufficient_o show_v that_o whether_o the_o french_a prince_n or_o sobieski_n be_v propose_v it_o will_v be_v no_o small_a difficulty_n to_o obtain_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o will_v have_v no_o king_n but_o such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o marry_v after_o his_o election_n the_o second_o faction_n be_v that_o of_o the_o polish_v gentry_n which_o be_v not_o at_o all_o considerable_a by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v divide_v one_o part_n be_v for_o a_o piasto_n and_o two_o other_o for_o the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n the_o army_n compose_v the_o three_o faction_n which_o be_v the_o most_o to_o be_v fear_v general_n sobieki_n propose_v the_o french_a prince_n but_o in_o reality_n work_v underhand_o for_o himself_o france_n employ_v its_o interest_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o espouse_n neuburg_n look_v upon_o he_o as_o less_o engage_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n than_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n who_o be_v indebt_v to_o that_o family_n for_o all_o he_o either_o have_v or_o can_v expect_v if_o this_o french_a prince_n have_v be_v but_o name_v when_o he_o be_v put_v up_o doubtless_o he_o will_v soon_o have_v ruin_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o german_n for_o who_o the_o republic_n never_o have_v any_o kindness_n who_o consequent_o may_v have_v save_v themselves_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o fruitless_a charge_n have_v they_o never_o think_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a their_o ambition_n have_v all_o along_o hitherto_o surmount_v the_o dictate_v of_o their_o reason_n train_n the_o gentry_n arrive_v at_o the_o diet_n one_o after_o another_o with_o their_o follower_n but_o however_o none_o have_v any_o thing_n like_o the_o train_n of_o the_o two_o marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o lithuania_n their_o party_n seem_v too_o numerous_a to_o assist_v at_o a_o diet_n where_o there_o be_v so_o much_o freedom_n as_o in_o that_o of_o poland_n nevertheless_o sobieski_n must_v be_v indulge_v consider_v the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o state_n and_o common_a justice_n require_v the_o same_o liberty_n for_o the_o lithuanian_n these_o two_o general_n no_o doubt_n have_v different_a intention_n sobieski_n apparent_o seek_v the_o crown_n from_o himself_o and_o patz_n his_o design_n be_v to_o hinder_v he_o from_o obtain_v it_o both_o have_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o come_v to_o blow_n but_o it_o seem_v fate_n have_v order_v it_o otherwise_o though_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n be_v with_o a_o army_n on_o the_o border_n of_o silesia_n to_o animate_v his_o friend_n native_a the_o lithuanian_n who_o plain_o perceive_v that_o sobieski_n aim_v at_o the_o crown_n omit_v nothing_o that_o may_v prove_v a_o mean_n to_o exclude_v he_o from_o it_o they_o therefore_o endeavour_v all_o they_o can_v to_o raise_v ill_a thought_n of_o a_o piasto_n and_o proclaim_v those_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n who_o be_v not_o of_o their_o opinion_n this_o be_v think_v so_o very_o unjust_a that_o most_o of_o the_o diet_n protest_v against_o it_o and_o that_o with_o so_o great_a indignation_n that_o there_o will_v doubtless_o have_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o blood_n shed_v have_v not_o the_o great_a prudence_n of_o sapieha_n grand_a treasurer_n of_o lithuania_n and_o marshal_n of_o the_o diet_n intercept_v and_o appease_v their_o fury_n the_o first_o that_o have_v audience_n of_o this_o assembly_n admit_v be_v francis_n bonvisius_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o desire_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o holiness_n to_o elect_v a_o catholic_n prince_n next_o christopher_n count_n of_o schafgot_n the_o emperor_n ambassador_n recommend_v the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n as_o likewise_o do_v the_o bishop_n of_o marseilles_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o master_n the_o king_n of_o france_n the_o minister_n of_o these_o two_o competitor_n make_v almost_o the_o same_o proffer_v as_o they_o have_v former_o do_v yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o beforementioned_a different_a faction_n do_v not_o forsake_v the_o interest_n of_o those_o who_o party_n they_o have_v espouse_v for_o that_o of_o sobieski_n continue_v to_o insist_v in_o all_o outward_a appearance_n on_o the_o anonymous_n french_a prince_n who_o character_n have_v procure_v he_o a_o great_a many_o suffrage_n and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o great_a chancellor_n patz_n though_o not_o so_o strong_a yet_o be_v not_o a_o whit_n less_o constant_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o queen_n and_o duke_n of_o lorain_n both_o these_o remain_v apprehend_v so_o obstinate_a in_o their_o pretension_n give_v great_a reason_n to_o apprehend_v a_o double_a election_n which_o cause_v some_o of_o the_o more_o prudent_a sort_n to_o represent_v the_o great_a disorder_n that_o have_v ensue_v from_o thence_o in_o the_o precede_a election_n of_o the_o king_n batori_fw-mi and_o sigismond_n but_o this_o with_o little_a or_o no_o effect_n these_o contest_v and_o heat_n occasion_v the_o diet_n to_o be_v prolong_v to_o the_o 19_o the_o of_o may._n the_o senate_n depute_v four_o or_o five_o bishop_n to_o the_o queen_n to_o acquaint_v she_o that_o if_o her_o majesty_n will_v please_v to_o forsake_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n they_o have_v order_n to_o offer_v her_o prince_n philip_n of_o neuburg_n for_o her_o husband_n together_o with_o the_o crown_n these_o minister_n the_o queen_n receive_v very_o civil_o and_o thank_v the_o senate_n for_o their_o kindness_n to_o she_o but_o withal_o insinuate_v that_o she_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o seduce_v they_o be_v yet_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o election_n since_o her_o friend_n the_o lithuanian_n have_v not_o forsake_v she_o the_o same_o prelate_n perceive_v the_o unalterable_a resolution_n of_o the_o queen_n go_v in_o quest_n of_o the_o grand_a general_n patz_n who_o they_o also_o find_v firm_a in_o the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n interest_n which_o yet_o they_o can_v not_o but_o commend_v in_o he_o he_o have_v have_v great_a obligation_n to_o the_o queen_n war._n the_o next_o day_n all_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n meet_v again_o each_o party_n resolve_v to_o maintain_v what_o they_o have_v undertake_v it_o be_v plain_o to_o be_v perceive_v that_o sobieski_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o make_v himself_o head_n of_o the_o election_n and_o therefore_o the_o other_o side_n have_v thought_n of_o join_v the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n army_n but_o this_o make_v all_o man_n tremble_v who_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o public_a at_o last_o the_o palatin_n of_o russia_n make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o assembly_n represent_v that_o the_o queen_n have_v refuse_v a_o husband_n which_o the_o government_n have_v proffer_v she_o the_o republic_n have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v with_o she_o and_o that_o they_o have_v do_v but_o too_o much_o already_o for_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o germany_n neither_o of_o which_o have_v ever_o do_v they_o any_o service_n that_o notwithstanding_o
companion_n dead_a upon_o the_o spot_n in_o this_o action_n there_o be_v several_a brave_a polish_v gentleman_n slay_v afterward_o the_o king_n be_v again_o join_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n by_o which_o his_o army_n amount_v to_o fifteen_o thousand_o man_n march_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o enemy_n though_o by_o a_o modest_a computation_n they_o may_v be_v reckon_v seven_o time_n as_o many_o but_o understand_v that_o the_o enemy_n have_v besiege_v turk_n podhais_n he_o be_v march_v thither_o to_o relieve_v it_o when_o by_o the_o way_n he_o receive_v intelligence_n of_o its_o be_v surrender_v burn_v and_o plunder_v and_o twelve_o thousand_o person_n make_v prisoner_n though_o the_o garrison_n have_v express_o capitulate_v to_o march_v out_o with_o bag_n and_o baggage_n the_o king_n be_v extreme_o nettle_v that_o so_o many_o christian_n shall_v be_v make_v slave_n and_o his_o territory_n lay_v desolate_a therefore_o he_o resolve_v forthwith_o to_o remedy_v it_o or_o perish_v in_o the_o attempt_n for_o he_o march_v the_o same_o day_n towards_o the_o enemy_n who_o be_v then_o set_v down_o before_o buozalz_n but_o upon_o notice_n of_o his_o approach_n they_o raise_v their_o siege_n and_o retreat_v with_o all_o their_o force_n to_o trembowla_n which_o they_o likewise_o invest_v here_o they_o be_v often_o repulse_v with_o great_a loss_n yet_o continue_v obstinate_a to_o pursue_v their_o enterprise_n till_o at_o last_o happen_v to_o intercept_v a_o peasant_n that_o be_v carry_v a_o letter_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o governor_n wherein_o his_o majesty_n assure_v he_o that_o he_o be_v come_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o his_o relief_n the_o terror_n of_o king_n sobieski_n name_n strike_v such_o a_o faintness_n into_o the_o infidel_n that_o they_o immediate_o dislodge_v their_o cannon_n from_o their_o battery_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o hundred_o piece_n and_o forthwith_o march_v towards_o caminiec_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o confusion_n nay_o so_o great_a be_v their_o consternation_n that_o under_o the_o cannon_n of_o caminiec_n they_o think_v not_o themselves_o sufficient_o secure_a for_o not_o dare_v to_o stand_v a_o engagement_n with_o the_o pole_n they_o resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o niester_n and_o march_v towards_o valachia_n yet_o this_o they_o can_v not_o do_v so_o speedy_o but_o prince_n lubomirski_n with_o part_n of_o the_o king_n army_n fall_v upon_o their_o rear_n and_o slay_v great_a number_n of_o they_o the_o turk_n by_o the_o fear_n they_o be_v in_o of_o be_v far_o pursue_v repassed_a the_o danube_n and_o the_o tartar_n return_v home_o with_o great_a precipitation_n by_o the_o way_n of_o bialogrod_n whereupon_o the_o king_n resolve_v to_o put_v his_o army_n into_o winter-quarter_n and_o so_o to_o return_v home_o which_o he_o do_v to_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n it_o be_v now_o high_a time_n to_o prepare_v for_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o coronation_n january_n the_o 17_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n michael_n be_v convey_v from_o warsaw_n in_o a_o hearse_n draw_v by_o eight_o horse_n attend_v by_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o household_n and_o several_a person_n of_o quality_n to_o cracow_n where_o together_o with_o the_o body_n of_o king_n casimir_n likewise_o bring_v late_o out_o of_o france_n it_o be_v honourable_o inter_v all_o decency_n and_o respect_n be_v pay_v to_o both_o their_o memory_n this_o ceremony_n be_v dispatch_v 1676._o john_n sobieski_n with_o his_o queen_n mary_n be_v both_o crown_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n the_o second_o of_o february_n in_o the_o year_n 1676_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n after_o this_o the_o king_n apply_v himself_o to_o supply_v the_o vacancy_n as_o usual_a make_v lubomirski_n grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o lord_n siniawski_n court-marshal_n and_o prince_n demetrius_n wisnowiski_n palatin_n of_o beltz_n he_o likewise_o bestow_v the_o command_n of_o general_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n on_o jablownowski_n palatin_n of_o russia_n at_o present_a great_a general_n of_o poland_n in_o june_n follow_v sultan_n nuradin_n with_o the_o two_o son_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n pass_v the_o niester_n with_o a_o great_a army_n have_v send_v out_o party_n before_o to_o ravage_v the_o country_n at_o the_o same_o time_n ibrahim_n bassa_n advance_v likewise_o to_o several_a post_n about_o caminiec_n whereupon_o the_o king_n order_v what_o troop_n he_o can_v get_v together_o near_o leopol_n where_o they_o be_v to_o rendezvouz_n and_o likewise_o convoke_v the_o pospolite_n or_o militia_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n 1676_o the_o same_o year_n his_o excellency_n mr._n hyde_n now_o earl_n of_o rochester_n be_v send_v ambassador_n from_o his_o majesty_n charles_n the_o iid_n to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n to_o congratulate_v the_o king_n upon_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o stand_v for_o his_o master_n godfather_n to_o the_o young_a princess_n now_o electoress_n of_o bavaria_n he_o arrive_v at_o dantzic_n in_o august_n where_o meet_v with_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n who_o make_v a_o journey_n thither_o while_o the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o field_n he_o have_v audience_n of_o her_o majesty_n there_o and_o present_v the_o young_a princess_n her_o daughter_n with_o a_o very_a rich_a jewel_n a_o cross_n of_o diamond_n of_o great_a value_n he_o afterward_o set_v forward_o for_o poland_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o camp_n near_o leopol_n in_o russia_n with_o demonstration_n of_o respect_n and_o kindness_n suitable_a to_o his_o character_n and_o person_n where_o his_o majesty_n send_v some_o of_o his_o chief_a officer_n to_o show_v he_o the_o army_n and_o their_o way_n of_o encamp_v the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n begin_v to_o appear_v now_o very_o formidable_a and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n continue_v so_o sensible_a of_o their_o last_o year_n defeat_n and_o so_o dread_v the_o name_n of_o king_n sobieski_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o peace_n for_o which_o purpose_n the_o grand_a signior_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o moldavia_n make_v turk_n a_o overture_n for_o a_o treaty_n which_o be_v accept_v after_o a_o battle_n gain_v by_o the_o pole_n and_o some_o other_o small_a mischief_n do_v on_o both_o side_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o happy_o conclude_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o poland_n his_o majesty_n return_v in_o november_n to_o zulkiew_v his_o own_o patrimony_n whither_o my_o lord_n rochester_n wait_v upon_o he_o ambassador_n have_v his_o public_a audience_n there_o in_o a_o more_o solemn_a manner_n than_o before_o he_o be_v first_o carry_v in_o the_o king_n coach_n and_o then_o receive_v by_o the_o court-marshal_n who_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o lord_n chamberlain_n at_o the_o stairs-foot_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o be_v conduct_v to_o his_o majesty_n who_o receive_v he_o stand_v under_o a_o rich_a canopy_n of_o state_n and_o after_o two_o 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mighty_a victory_n be_v obtain_v with_o not_o above_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o thousand_o man_n on_o the_o christian_n side_n and_o of_o those_o very_o few_o person_n of_o quality_n this_o overthrow_n be_v chief_o ascribe_v to_o the_o great_a conduct_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o expose_v his_o person_n among_o the_o thick_a of_o the_o enemy_n have_v always_o by_o he_o the_o prince_n his_o son_n who_o thus_o early_o signalise_v himself_o nor_o ought_v the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n and_o saxony_n the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n and_o prince_n waldec_n to_o go_v without_o their_o share_n in_o the_o glory_n since_o they_o all_o behave_v themselves_o so_o wonderful_o well_o in_o this_o memorable_a action_n vienna_n the_o king_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o vienna_n through_o the_o breach_n with_o great_a acclamation_n of_o the_o people_n the_o great_a turkish_a standard_n be_v carry_v before_o he_o which_o he_o afterward_o send_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o which_o i_o have_v 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joyful_o receive_v with_o testimony_n of_o a_o universal_a affection_n from_o his_o people_n and_o to_o render_v his_o triumph_n yet_o more_o complete_a he_o be_v salute_v at_o his_o arrival_n with_o the_o news_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n the_o sieur_n kiniski_n have_v obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n in_o the_o vkraine_n he_o afterward_o make_v a_o league_n offensive_a and_o turk_n defensive_a with_o the_o present_a emperor_n the_o pope_n and_o venetian_n against_o the_o turk_n which_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o though_o very_o little_a to_o the_o advantage_n of_o either_o party_n the_o pole_n since_o the_o siege_n of_o vienna_n have_v be_v high_o disgu_v at_o the_o ill_a treatment_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o german_n who_o they_o have_v deliver_v from_o the_o turkish_a invasion_n and_o beside_o it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o king_n for_o several_a year_n lean_v towards_o the_o french_a interest_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o 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from_o any_o other_o in_o europe_n i_o think_v a_o account_n of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o your_o lordship_n they_o have_v all_o their_o hair_n cut_v round_o about_o their_o ear_n like_o monk_n and_o wear_v subject_n fur_a cap_n large_a whisker_n and_o no_o neckcloth_n a_o long_a coat_n hang_v down_o to_o their_o heel_n and_o a_o waistcoat_n under_o that_o of_o the_o same_o length_n tie_v close_o about_o the_o waste_n with_o a_o girdle_n their_o sleeve_n be_v extreme_a close_n like_o those_o of_o mariner_n come_v down_o to_o their_o wrist_n with_o a_o flap_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o hand_n which_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o middle_a nuckle_n which_o they_o turn_v up_o in_o hot_a wether_n and_o let_v down_o in_o cold_a for_o they_o never_o wear_v any_o glove_n this_o long_a coat_n be_v of_o strong_a cloth_n and_o be_v line_v in_o the_o winter_n with_o rich_a fur_n but_o in_o summer_n only_o with_o light_a silk_n though_o i_o have_v see_v at_o court_n some_o of_o the_o person_n of_o quality_n wear_v fur_n as_o they_o use_v to_o do_v in_o winter_n for_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a ornament_n under_o this_o waistcoat_n they_o wear_v wide_a shirt_n like_o woman_n smock_n tie_v loose_a about_o their_o neck_n with_o wide_a sleeve_n come_v down_o to_o their_o wrist_n as_o to_o their_o breeches_n they_o be_v likewise_o very_o wide_o and_o with_o their_o stocking_n make_v one_o continue_a piece_n instead_o of_o shoe_n they_o always_o wear_v both_o abroad_o and_o at_o home_n turkey_n leather_n boot_v with_o very_o thin_a sole_n and_o hollow_a deep_a heel_n make_v of_o a_o blade_n of_o iron_n bend_v hoopwise_o into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o halfmoon_n they_o carry_v a_o large_a scimitar_n the_o sheath_n equal_o flat_a and_o broad_a from_o the_o handle_n to_o the_o bottom_n it_o be_v general_o set_v rich_o with_o diamond_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n it_o be_v customary_a all_o over_o the_o kingdom_n not_o only_o among_o the_o gentry_n but_o also_o among_o the_o vulgar_a to_o carry_v pole-axe_n in_o their_o hand_n or_o on_o their_o arm_n they_o take_v care_n that_o this_o pole-ax_n be_v keep_v bright_a and_o shine_a with_o plate_n of_o silver_n round_o the_o handle_n and_o sometime_o set_v with_o jewel_n i_o have_v see_v the_o palatine_n and_o other_o senator_n come_v with_o those_o pole-axe_n into_o the_o king_n presence_n which_o seem_v when_o i_o come_v first_o to_o court_n aâ—â—_n frightful_a sight_n though_o reckon_v a_o ornament_n but_o i_o be_v inform_v that_o at_o first_o it_o be_v for_o defence_n the_o nation_n be_v tumultuous_a and_o quarrelsome_a that_o they_o may_v make_v use_n of_o these_o pole-axe_n in_o a_o throng_n where_o their_o scimiter_n can_v be_v of_o no_o use_n this_o dress_n look_v extreme_a manly_a particular_o on_o horseback_n and_o be_v the_o most_o expensive_a of_o
part_n of_o the_o body_n desire_v to_o know_v what_o be_v proper_o death_n the_o school_n divinity_n maintain_v that_o death_n be_v a_o separation_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n from_o the_o body_n i_o own_a indeed_o that_o in_o death_n the_o soul_n be_v actual_o separate_v from_o the_o body_n but_o i_o can_v not_o allow_v that_o that_o separation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o death_n but_o that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o cessation_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o of_o the_o spirit_n which_o cessation_n can_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n since_o these_o dont_fw-fr at_o all_o depend_v upon_o it_o as_o i_o prove_v before_o but_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o some_o defect_n in_o the_o organ_n and_o fluid_n of_o the_o body_n which_o lose_v their_o due_a disposition_n and_o their_o mutual_a correspondence_n with_o one_o another_o all_o their_o action_n cease_v which_o cessation_n be_v proper_o call_v death_n so_o that_o the_o soul_n find_v they_o incapable_a of_o receive_v its_o influence_n and_o of_o obey_v its_o command_n quit_v the_o body_n after_o it_o be_v dead_a by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o proper_o the_o cause_n of_o death_n but_o that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o separation_n the_o king_n himself_o illustrate_v this_o opinion_n with_o a_o familiar_a example_n of_o a_o organ_n and_o a_o organist_n while_o the_o organ_n be_v in_o their_o due_a order_n and_o symmetry_n the_o organist_n play_v upon_o they_o but_o when_o by_o length_n of_o time_n they_o be_v either_o break_v use_v too_o much_o or_o any_o other_o way_n quite_o put_v out_o of_o tune_n he_o leave_v off_o play_v on_o they_o this_o discourse_n my_o lord_n hold_v from_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n till_o seven_o and_o the_o divine_n be_v extreme_o warm_a in_o it_o and_o some_o of_o they_o have_v the_o boldness_n to_o tell_v the_o king_n that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v not_o suffer_v such_o heretical_a opinion_n as_o they_o call_v they_o to_o be_v introduce_v before_o such_o a_o great_a assembly_n contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n this_o discourse_n cause_v a_o great_a many_o other_o matter_n to_o be_v talk_v on_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o long_o to_o inform_v your_o lordship_n by_o this_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v how_o fond_a the_o divine_n be_v of_o their_o old_a opinion_n rely_v upon_o the_o doctrine_n of_o aristotle_n who_o we_o can_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o thorough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o structure_n spring_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o humane_a body_n nor_o indeed_o with_o all_o other_o natural_a cause_n as_o the_o modern_a physician_n be_v yet_o it_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o the_o divine_n not_o only_o in_o poland_n but_o in_o spain_n italy_n and_o in_o most_o other_o country_n where_o their_o power_n be_v very_o great_a not_o to_o let_v any_o opinion_n creep_v in_o among_o they_o that_o will_v seem_v to_o contradict_v those_o of_o aristotle_n for_o have_v build_v their_o system_n of_o divinity_n upon_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o pagan_a philosopher_n they_o be_v just_o afraid_a that_o if_o experience_n and_o reason_n shall_v shake_v the_o foundation_n the_o superstructure_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n as_o doubtless_o it_o will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n building_n this_o king_n build_v several_a fine_a house_n both_o in_o russia_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o three_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n a_o neat_a country_n house_n call_v villa_n nova_n very_o rich_o furnish_v he_o have_v have_v several_a natural_a child_n but_o take_v no_o care_n of_o any_o of_o they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o customary_a in_o poland_n to_o have_v that_o consideration_n for_o they_o as_o there_o be_v in_o other_o country_n but_o he_o leave_v vast_a riches_n to_o his_o lawful_a child_n and_o make_v a_o motion_n in_o the_o diet_n five_o child_n or_o six_o year_n before_o he_o die_v to_o settle_v the_o succession_n on_o one_o of_o they_o he_o tell_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o disorder_n that_o usual_o happen_v in_o election_n after_o the_o king_n death_n that_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o tartar_n take_v then_o opportunity_n to_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o country_n and_o ravage_v all_o before_o they_o that_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v general_o divide_v head_a by_o faction_n and_o biased_a by_o self-interest_n against_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o country_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o prevent_v all_o those_o dangerous_a broil_n before_o he_o die_v out_o of_o the_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o his_o country_n and_o subject_n but_o the_o diet_n find_v that_o his_o private_a design_n be_v to_o get_v one_o of_o his_o son_n elect_v answer_v that_o they_o hope_v that_o his_o majesty_n will_v live_v yet_o a_o long_a while_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v a_o long_a time_n to_o consider_v of_o a_o matter_n of_o that_o great_a moment_n which_o the_o king_n see_v it_o be_v a_o civil_a way_n of_o refuse_v to_o enter_v upon_o that_o subject_a never_o after_o intimate_v any_o thing_n to_o they_o like_o it_o but_o take_v all_o possible_a care_n to_o enrich_v his_o child_n in_o case_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v elect_v after_o his_o death_n it_o be_v exact_o compute_v to_o i_o that_o he_o lay_v up_o every_o year_n for_o above_o twenty_o year_n 100000_o l._n sterl_n which_o riches_n he_o leave_v partly_o in_o banker_n hand_n at_o dantzick_n hamburgh_n and_o amsterdam_n and_o put_v the_o rest_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o trade_v with_o it_o beside_o he_o buy_v great_a territory_n in_o the_o kingdom_n though_o it_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n so_o that_o his_o three_o son_n james_n alexander_n and_o constantino_n if_o they_o manage_v their_o affair_n right_a may_v be_v worth_a each_o above_o 50000_o l._n sterling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o it_o be_v the_o law_n in_o poland_n to_o divide_v equal_o the_o estate_n among_o the_o child_n poland_n the_o queen_n be_v but_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n when_o she_o together_o with_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o gordon'_v aunt_n afterward_o marry_v to_o count_n morstin_n great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n come_v from_o france_n into_o this_o kingdom_n with_o ladislaus_n king_n of_o poland_n queen_n who_o make_v they_o both_o her_o maid_n of_o honour_n and_o take_v great_a care_n of_o mademoiselle_fw-fr d'_fw-fr arquien_v be_v very_o ingenious_a marriage_n and_o beautiful_a she_o get_v she_o marry_v first_o to_o prince_n zamoiski_n who_o soon_o leave_v she_o a_o widow_n with_o a_o jointure_n of_o about_o 2000_o l._n a_o year_n she_o be_v afterward_o marry_v in_o casimir_n reign_n to_o john_n sobieski_n than_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n who_o be_v not_o very_o willing_a to_o marry_v she_o until_o the_o king_n promise_v that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o considerable_a place_n which_o he_o according_o do_v by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o queen_n for_o he_o make_v he_o great_a marshal_n and_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n which_o give_v he_o authority_n and_o interest_n enough_o to_o make_v himself_o afterward_o king_n and_o her_o queen_n so_o that_o this_o marriage_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o his_o rise_n in_o the_o world_n which_o he_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o that_o he_o refuse_v to_o be_v divorce_v from_o she_o as_o the_o diet_n will_v have_v persuade_v he_o to_o do_v after_o his_o election_n qualification_n the_o queen_n be_v now_o about_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o age_n though_o she_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v forty_o she_o go_v in_o the_o french_a dress_n as_o all_o the_o polish_v lady_n do_v she_o speak_v almost_o natural_o the_o polish_v tongue_n which_o with_o liar_n sweet_a temper_n refine_a sense_n and_o majestic_a air_n gain_v she_o such_o affection_n with_o the_o pole_n such_o influence_n over_o the_o king_n and_o such_o interest_n always_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o she_o manage_v all_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o prudence_n and_o that_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o her_o native_a country_n france_n who_o interest_n she_o general_o espouse_v upon_o most_o occasion_n during_o the_o king_n life_n which_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o he_o do_v not_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o vigour_n these_o late_a year_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n she_o maintain_v at_o her_o court_n her_o father_n cardinal_n de_fw-fr arquien_v and_o her_o brother_n count_n maligny_n who_o have_v but_o a_o very_a small_a estate_n of_o their_o own_o she_o have_v two_o sister_n one_o be_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o late_a count_n bethune_n who_o be_v ambassador_n from_o france_n in_o poland_n and_o afterward_o die_v in_o his_o embassy_n in_o
think_v and_o think_v what_o he_o please_v without_o any_o fear_n of_o the_o king_n interregnum_fw-la after_o the_o king_n death_n cardinal_n radziouski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n take_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n as_o be_v usual_a upon_o he_o and_o notify_v the_o king_n death_n to_o foreign_a prince_n and_o to_o all_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n and_o advise_v with_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v then_o at_o warsaw_n of_o the_o proper_a method_n and_o fit_a time_n to_o ohoose_v a_o new_a king_n they_o fix_v upon_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n 1696_o for_o the_o convocation_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n but_o there_o appear_v several_a competitor_n which_o make_v powerful_a faction_n it_o be_v think_v necessary_a to_o take_v more_o time_n to_o appease_v the_o dissension_n of_o the_o nobility_n wherefore_o the_o overture_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v defer_v to_o the_o 15_o of_o may_v 1697._o they_o choose_v the_o sieur_n belinski_n for_o their_o speaker_n who_o they_o call_v their_o marshal_n the_o chief_a competitor_n be_v at_o first_o crown_n prince_n james_n of_o poland_n and_o his_o brother_n prince_n alexander_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n don_n livio_n odeschalchi_n and_o prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n but_o at_o last_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n unexpected_o come_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n with_o 8000_o man_n and_o declare_v himself_o candidate_n have_v a_o twelvemonth_n before_o private_o abjure_v his_o religion_n to_o qualify_v himself_o for_o this_o crown_n which_o procure_v he_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o clergy_n so_o that_o at_o length_n no_o considerable_a party_n appear_v but_o for_o he_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o prince_n james_n the_o cardinal_n primate_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o palatine_n support_v with_o all_o their_o interest_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n the_o french_a have_v for_o several_a year_n before_o as_o i_o observe_v when_o i_o be_v in_o that_o kingdom_n give_v a_o great_a character_n of_o his_o merit_n and_o valour_n which_o make_v the_o king_n of_o france_n believe_v that_o he_o will_v undoubted_o carry_v that_o crown_n against_o all_o opposer_n as_o it_o be_v probable_a he_o will_v have_v do_v have_v he_o be_v in_o person_n as_o near_o the_o place_n of_o election_n as_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v for_o on_o the_o 26_o of_o june_n be_v the_o day_n of_o election_n the_o diet_n draw_v out_o into_o the_o field_n and_o he_o have_v that_o day_n more_o vote_n than_o either_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n or_o prince_n james_n which_o the_o primate_n observe_v go_v with_o his_o party_n and_o immediate_o proclaim_v he_o king_n but_o the_o two_o other_o party_n know_v this_o can_v not_o be_v legal_o do_v without_o the_o universal_a consent_n of_o the_o diet_n protest_v against_o it_o as_o illegal_a and_o prince_n james_n perceive_v his_o party_n to_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o have_v always_o be_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n as_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o empress_n and_o queen_n of_o spain_n sister_n resign_v all_o his_o interest_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n who_o be_v likewise_o support_v by_o the_o emperor_n these_o two_o party_n be_v thus_o unite_v into_o one_o be_v more_o numerous_a than_o that_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n wherefore_o come_v next_o day_n into_o the_o field_n they_o get_v the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n after_o the_o primate_n have_v refuse_v it_o to_o proclaim_v 1697._o frederic_n augustus_n elector_n of_o saxony_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o therewith_o and_o to_o desire_v he_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o crown_n all_o this_o while_n the_o primate_n and_o prince_n of_o conti_n party_n stand_v firm_a to_o the_o first_o election_n and_o dispatch_v courier_n into_o france_n to_o desire_v that_o prince_n to_o come_v with_o all_o speed_n into_o poland_n the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n be_v divide_v count_n jablonowski_n great_a general_n of_o the_o kingdom_n declare_v for_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n prince_n sapieha_n great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n seem_v to_o favour_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n but_o the_o governor_n of_o cracow_n be_v for_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n invite_v he_o and_o his_o army_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o capital_a city_n where_o he_o be_v crown_v the_o 15_o of_o september_n poland_n follow_v which_o do_v extreme_o facilitate_v the_o good_a success_n he_o have_v since_o have_v in_o that_o kingdom_n for_o though_o the_o primate_n and_o many_o other_o considerable_a person_n do_v insist_v on_o the_o pretend_a legality_n of_o their_o election_n though_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n himself_o come_v in_o person_n to_o dantzic_n with_o a_o fleet_n vast_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o some_o discipline_v troop_n though_o the_o french_a ambassador_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr polignac_n have_v manage_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o army_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o senator_n with_o great_a art_n and_o policy_n though_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n threaten_v a_o invasion_n to_o support_v his_o election_n and_o though_o the_o hungarian_n make_v a_o insurrection_n in_o their_o country_n to_o divert_v the_o saxon_a force_n yet_o the_o pole_n see_v the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v actual_o crown_v that_o he_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o metropolis_n cracow_n the_o strong_a town_n in_o poland_n that_o 8000_o of_o his_o discipline_v troop_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n that_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o army_n have_v declare_v for_o he_o and_o that_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n threaten_v a_o invasion_n if_o they_o persist_v to_o support_v the_o prince_n of_o conti_n they_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o quit_v his_o interest_n than_o to_o give_v occasion_n for_o a_o civil_a war_n for_o i_o have_v often_o hear_v they_o say_v that_o king_n be_v easy_a enough_o to_o be_v have_v without_o shed_v blood_n for_o any_o and_o that_o they_o be_v easy_o depose_v if_o they_o usurp_v any_o great_a authority_n than_o the_o law_n allow_v and_o therefore_o they_o think_v it_o more_o prudent_a after_o have_v sufficient_o empty_v the_o candidate_n pocket_n to_o declare_v for_o the_o first_o of_o they_o that_o join_v his_o party_n and_o appear_v in_o arm_n since_o he_o be_v deem_v qualify_v than_o to_o expose_v their_o country_n to_o ruin_n and_o devastation_n by_o adhere_v to_o a_o illegal_a election_n of_o which_o the_o success_n be_v always_o doubtful_a for_o by_o their_o constitution_n no_o election_n can_v be_v real_o lawful_a nor_o any_o law_n can_v be_v legal_o make_v without_o the_o universal_a consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o both_o state_n poland_n and_o lithuania_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n have_v full_a intelligence_n of_o the_o posture_n of_o affair_n in_o poland_n do_v not_o think_v it_o politic_a to_o conside_fw-la any_o long_o in_o the_o promise_v of_o the_o great_a man_n who_o in_o that_o country_n be_v natural_o sickle_n and_o biased_a more_o to_o their_o own_o interest_n than_o any_o inclination_n they_o have_v to_o serve_v any_o prince_n for_o they_o have_v no_o other_o notion_n of_o prince_n than_o of_o tool_n to_o raise_v their_o own_o fortune_n by_o wherefore_o this_o prince_n foresee_v no_o probability_n of_o success_n the_o town_n of_o dantzic_n have_v declare_v for_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n he_o think_v it_o more_o prudent_a timely_a to_o quit_v his_o pretension_n by_o sail_v back_o into_o france_n than_o to_o expose_v his_o reputation_n by_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v when_o the_o new_a king_n authority_n be_v more_o confirm_v as_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o be_v at_o present_a king_n frederick_n augustus_n the_o iid_n be_v thus_o leave_v in_o sole_a possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v likely_a to_o restore_v the_o decay_a state_n thereof_o for_o have_v large_a hereditary_a dominion_n of_o his_o own_o out_o of_o which_o he_o can_v have_v both_o man_n and_o money_n and_o be_v likewise_o natural_o animate_v with_o a_o martial_a spirit_n and_o moreover_o king_n over_o a_o most_o warlike_a nation_n which_o be_v at_o present_a in_o league_n against_o the_o infidel_n with_o the_o emperor_n muscovite_n pope_n and_o venetian_n he_o have_v opportunity_n sufficient_a to_o enlarge_v that_o kingdom_n and_o extend_v it_o to_o its_o ancient_a bound_n the_o euxine_a sea_n by_o retake_v caminiec_n and_o the_o vkrain_n i_o may_v here_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o be_v the_o first_o time_n the_o pole_n have_v elect_v a_o german_a prince_n and_o likewise_o the_o first_o that_o they_o have_v exclude_v their_o king_n son_n for_o from_o the_o year_n 550_o when_o this_o monarchy_n begin_v to_o this_o present_a election_n the_o king_n child_n have_v be_v always_o choose_v and_o the_o crown_n though_o elective_a have_v be_v in_o the_o same_o family_n
his_o death_n suentopelus_n declare_v himself_o duke_n of_o pomerania_n and_o conrade_n and_o 111._o call_v into_o poland_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n poland_n order_n who_o be_v then_o banish_v out_o of_o syria_n by_o the_o saracen_n and_o settle_v in_o germany_n to_o help_v he_o against_o the_o prussian_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o his_o country_n to_o who_o for_o recompense_n he_o give_v the_o territory_n of_o culm_n and_o some_o other_o small_a place_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v act_v vigorous_o against_o the_o prussian_n but_o after_o they_o have_v conquer_v those_o people_n they_o be_v to_o resign_v culm_n etc._n etc._n and_o have_v the_o half_a of_o their_o conquest_n to_o themselves_o these_o auxiliary_a troop_n prove_v afterward_o very_o pernicious_a to_o poland_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o bloody_a war_n in_o that_o country_n this_o agreement_n between_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o cross_n as_o they_o be_v likewise_o call_v and_o conrade_n be_v approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o pope_n gregory_n ix_o in_o the_o year_n 1228._o in_o a_o short_a time_n these_o knight_n effect_v what_o they_o undertake_v this_o lescus_n lie_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o cracow_n and_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o young_a son_n 1228._o boleslaus_n v._o surname_v the_o chaste_a who_o guardian_n he_o order_v to_o be_v his_o brother_n conrade_n and_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n his_o cousin_n this_o young_a prince_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o intrigue_n and_o cabal_n conrade_n form_v against_o he_o who_o design_v to_o make_v himself_o king_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1228_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1278._o he_o marry_v cunigunda_fw-la daughter_n marriage_n to_o bela_n king_n of_o hungary_n but_o after_o they_o be_v bed_v he_o have_v not_o the_o courage_n to_o consummate_v the_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o by_o mutual_a consent_n both_o make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n tartar_n 116._o it_o be_v in_o this_o prince_n reign_n the_o tartar_n make_v their_o first_o eruption_n into_o poland_n whereof_o there_o be_v three_o at_o several_a time_n in_o the_o first_o they_o ravage_v all_o the_o country_n about_o lublin_n and_o russia_n and_o carry_v away_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o prisoner_n with_o great_a riches_n in_o the_o second_o they_o return_v with_o more_o fury_n and_o not_o be_v content_v with_o the_o plunder_n of_o poland_n spread_v likewise_o all_o over_o silesia_n where_o near_o lignitz_n they_o entire_o defeat_v the_o confederate_a army_n of_o the_o christian_n wherein_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n boleslaus_n son_n to_o the_o trouble_n duke_n of_o moravia_n pompo_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o several_a other_o person_n of_o note_n be_v kill_v 119._o the_o number_n of_o dead_a body_n be_v so_o incredible_a that_o they_o fill_v nine_o great_a sack_n with_o the_o christian_n ear_n cut_v off_o each_o head_n but_o one_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o hannibal_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n fill_v several_a bushel_n with_o the_o ring_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o finger_n of_o the_o roman_a knight_n only_o that_o be_v there_o kill_v boleslaus_n have_v not_o the_o courage_n to_o march_v in_o person_n against_o the_o tartar_n when_o they_o come_v a_o second_o time_n to_o invade_v he_o but_o retire_v with_o hungary_n his_o court_n into_o hungary_n and_o thereby_o leave_v his_o subject_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o their_o enemy_n which_o base_a action_n the_o pole_n be_v extreme_o offend_v at_o intend_v to_o have_v elect_v a_o new_a king_n whereupon_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n that_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n afterward_o be_v name_v but_o conrade_n vigorous_o oppose_v he_o and_o pretend_v to_o have_v more_o right_o the_o gentry_n to_o prevent_v civil_a war_n recall_v their_o former_a king_n bolestaus_fw-la from_o return_v hungary_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n conrade_n die_v not_o long_o after_o the_o tartar_n together_o with_o the_o lithuanian_n which_o be_v hitherto_o pagan_n make_v incursion_n a_o three_o time_n into_o poland_n when_o they_o pillage_v the_o country_n up_o as_o far_o as_o cracow_n which_o city_n meet_v with_o no_o body_n in_o it_o to_o resist'em_v they_o both_o plunder_v and_o burn_v afterward_o they_o go_v to_o vratislaw_n which_o they_o find_v war_n ready_o fire_v to_o their_o hand_n for_o the_o townsman_n have_v have_v timely_a notice_n of_o the_o come_n of_o the_o barbarian_n have_v get_v all_o their_o treasure_n together_o and_o flee_v whilst_o the_o soldier_n distrust_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n and_o sear_v it_o may_v become_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n set_v fire_n to_o it_o and_o retire_v into_o the_o castle_n which_o have_v great_o incense_v the_o tartar_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n and_o will_v soon_o have_v take_v it_o have_v they_o not_o be_v fright_v from_o before_o it_o by_o a_o prodigy_n during_o this_o boleslaus_n march_v in_o person_n against_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o he_o overthrow_v and_o kill_v their_o duke_n mindacus_n the_o prussian_n likewise_o be_v yet_o pagan_n side_v with_o the_o lithuanian_n when_o the_o teutonick_n order_n which_o be_v then_o settle_v in_o prussia_n call_v to_o their_o assistance_n 103._o ottocarus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o quick_o reduce_v the_o prussian_n and_o the_o better_a build_v to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_o build_v a_o fort_n call_v koningsberg_n or_o royal_a hill_n boleslaus_n be_v a_o pious_a and_o good_a prince_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o cracow_n in_o a_o monastery_n found_v death_n by_o himself_o he_o build_v other_o religious_a house_n and_o reign_v near_o 50_o year_n and_o have_v make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n leave_v no_o child_n wherefore_o his_o uncle_n son_n by_o the_o father_n 1279._o lescus_n vi_o surname_v the_o black_a succeed_v he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1279_o and_o reign_v only_o to_o the_o year_n 1289._o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o russian_n summon_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o tartar_n make_v incursion_n into_o war_n poland_n under_o command_n of_o leo_n their_o duke_n but_o be_v defeat_v first_o by_o varsias_n the_o king_n general_n and_o afterward_o be_v beat_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o out_o of_o a_o village_n where_o they_o have_v entrench_v themselves_o which_o from_o that_o call_v general_n be_v name_n have_v be_v since_o call_v 136._o leopol_n and_o be_v now_o a_o sine_fw-la city_n upon_o this_o defeat_n the_o enemy_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v with_o great_a loss_n not_o long_o after_o they_o return_v again_o but_o more_o to_o their_o prejudice_n than_o in_o the_o former_a irruption_n for_o then_o though_o their_o army_n consist_v of_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o man_n and_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o mastiff_n dog_n train_v up_o to_o war_n yet_o be_v they_o a_o second_o time_n rout_v by_o lescus_n insomuch_o that_o a_o 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the_o nobility_n upon_o this_o lescus_n perceive_v himself_o forsake_v flee_v into_o hungary_n hungary_n to_o king_n vladislaus_n but_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n still_o bear_v a_o respect_n to_o he_o continue_v loyal_a and_o prepare_v to_o sustain_v a_o siege_n whereupon_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o surrender_v their_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v treaâ—â—berous_a to_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n lescus_n but_o will_v defend_v his_o right_n to_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o their_o blood_n hereat_o the_o noble_n be_v grievous_o nettle_v resolve_v to_o sit_v down_o with_o their_o army_n before_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o their_o approach_n find_v it_o empty_a the_o inhabitant_n be_v retire_v into_o the_o castle_n they_o set_v sire_n to_o it_o think_v by_o those_o mean_n to_o bring_v the_o enemy_n soon_o to_o a_o compliance_n this_o do_v lescus_n have_v obtain_v a_o considerable_a army_n of_o king_n vladislaus_n be_v march_v direct_o towards_o cracow_n to_o relieve_v his_o
about_o 100000_o captive_n of_o which_o the_o great_a part_n be_v russian_n the_o moldavian_n and_o valachian_n quick_o return_v home_o but_o the_o turk_n out_o of_o covetousness_n of_o plunder_n stay_v till_o the_o great_a frost_n and_o snow_n surprise_v they_o when_o not_o be_v use_v to_o such_o excessive_a cold_a as_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a to_o above_o 40000_o of_o they_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n 201._o some_o among_o they_o that_o escape_v be_v force_v to_o cut_v open_a their_o horse_n belly_n and_o thrust_v themselves_o into_o they_o to_o preserve_v their_o natural_a heat_n after_o this_o turk_n john_n albert_n make_v peace_n with_o the_o valachian_n and_o bajazet_n emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n next_o he_o go_v in_o person_n into_o prussia_n to_o oblige_v frederic_n duke_n of_o saxony_n then_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n to_o take_v oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o which_o he_o have_v for_o some_o time_n refuse_v but_o die_v sudden_o at_o thorn_n before_o he_o can_v effect_v death_n his_o design_n albert_n leave_v no_o child_n the_o diet_n think_v fit_a to_o elect_v his_o brother_n 1501._o alexander_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n the_o better_a to_o renew_v their_o alliance_n with_o that_o country_n this_o prince_n be_v proclaim_v king_n come_v to_o cracow_n where_o by_o his_o brother_n frederic_n cardinal_n and_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1501_o and_o reign_v only_o five_o year_n but_o the_o archbishop_n 90._o refuse_v to_o do_v the_o like_a office_n for_o his_o queen_n helena_n because_o she_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n be_v daughter_n to_o john_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n which_o country_n be_v all_o of_o that_o persuasion_n soon_o after_o that_o he_o be_v crown_v his_o father-in-law_n war_n the_o great_a duke_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n capital_a of_o a_o large_a province_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o alexander_n come_v in_o time_n to_o relieve_v it_o oblige_v the_o muscovite_n to_o make_v peace_n for_o six_o year_n in_o his_o time_n also_o the_o moldavian_n and_o tartar_n make_v eruption_n into_o poland_n but_o be_v beat_v back_o with_o great_a loss_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v kill_v only_o of_o the_o tartar_n in_o that_o action_n near_o 20000._o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o person_n at_o this_o victory_n he_o then_o lie_v sick_a at_o vilna_n capital_a death_n of_o lithuania_n where_o he_o die_v soon_o after_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o that_o city_n character_n 356._o he_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a stature_n have_v a_o long_a visage_n and_o black_a hair_n be_v very_o strong_a build_v but_o exceed_v dull-witted_a and_o consequent_o but_o a_o little_a talker_n he_o exceed_v all_o his_o brother_n in_o generosity_n and_o be_v wont_n to_o delight_n much_o in_o musician_n and_o such_o trifle_a artist_n nevertheless_o this_o his_o liberality_n be_v general_o esteem_v but_o prodigality_n insomuch_o that_o some_o be_v so_o hold_v as_o to_o say_v that_o he_o die_v in_o time_n or_o else_o both_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n may_v have_v be_v lavish_v away_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a pernicious_a generosity_n for_o the_o future_a 90._o the_o diet_n make_v a_o law_n call_v it_o statutum_n alexandrinum_n by_o which_o they_o revoke_v all_o this_o king_n be_v profuse_a gift_n alexander_n leave_v no_o child_n and_o but_o two_o brother_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n die_v before_o he_o 1507._o sigismond_n be_v prefer_v to_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n either_o because_o the_o gentry_n be_v more_o affect_v to_o he_o be_v breed_v among_o they_o or_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v afraid_a of_o vladislaus_n great_a power_n he_o be_v elect_v at_o petricovia_n in_o the_o year_n 1507_o and_o reign_v forty_o one_o year_n when_o sigismond_n leave_v his_o government_n of_o lithuania_n to_o come_v into_o poland_n he_o substitute_v one_o glinski_n a_o great_a â—â—avourite_n of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v in_o his_o room_n etc._n this_o palatin_n have_v great_a authority_n among_o the_o lithuanian_n become_v so_o ambitious_a as_o to_o think_v of_o make_v himself_o absolute_a which_o conceal_v for_o a_o good_a while_n at_o length_n he_o agree_v with_o basilius_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n to_o allow_v he_o his_o share_n of_o that_o province_n in_o case_n he_o will_v afford_v he_o his_o assistance_n which_o proposal_n the_o great_a duke_n be_v please_v with_o ready_o consent_v to_o and_o with_o all_o expedition_n dispatch_v away_o a_o army_n to_o glinski_n but_o as_o such_o great_a design_n be_v not_o army_n to_o be_v carry_v on_o without_o great_a noise_n and_o suspicion_n sigismond_n come_v soon_o to_o hear_v of_o this_o treacherous_a enterprise_n whereupon_o draw_v up_o all_o his_o force_n to_o oppose_v the_o intend_a invasion_n he_o meet_v and_o defeat_v their_o army_n ravages_n and_o destroy_v their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o oblige_v they_o to_o sue_v for_o peace_n which_o he_o not_o without_o some_o difficulty_n grant_v war_n afterward_o the_o valachian_n and_o tartar_n make_v incursion_n into_o russia_n and_o poland_n he_o force_v they_o to_o return_v home_o with_o great_a loss_n the_o muscovite_n likewise_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o a_o second_o time_n and_o take_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n with_o all_o the_o country_n about_o it_o he_o beat_v their_o army_n in_o several_a engagement_n and_o have_v kill_v in_o all_o above_o 30000_o of_o their_o man_n retake_v smolensko_n and_o make_v they_o accept_v of_o a_o peace_n the_o second_o time_n for_o five_o year_n he_o soon_o after_o marriage_n marry_a buona_n sforza_n daughter_n to_o john_n galeatio_n duke_n of_o milan_n afterward_o he_o make_v order_n war_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n his_o sister_n son_n and_o then_o great_a master_n refuse_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o the_o late_a war_n hereupon_o sigismond_n take_v from_o he_o some_o town_n and_o have_v great_a advantage_n over_o he_o in_o several_a engagement_n but_o however_o albert_n have_v considerable_a succour_n send_v he_o from_o germany_n prolong_v the_o war_n for_o a_o good_a while_n in_o prussia_n about_o this_o time_n martin_n luther_n doctrine_n come_v to_o be_v know_v in_o these_o part_n and_o most_o of_o the_o citizen_n of_o 226._o dantzic_n embrace_v it_o for_o which_o at_o first_o the_o king_n be_v very_o severe_a with_o they_o but_o at_o length_n fear_v that_o to_o preserve_v their_o religion_n they_o may_v side_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n against_o he_o he_o grant_v they_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n all_o this_o while_n that_o order_n make_v vigorous_a resistance_n and_o with_o equal_a loss_n on_o both_o side_n fatigue_v the_o polish_v army_n till_o at_o last_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o both_o party_n to_o make_v the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o and_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n arbitrator_n who_o determine_v that_o sigismond_n shall_v relinquish_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n all_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o prussia_n which_o be_v above_o half_a of_o that_o great_a province_n and_o that_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n shall_v mediation_n for_o ever_o enjoy_v it_o as_o they_o have_v actual_o do_v ever_o since_o without_o any_o disturbance_n from_o sigismond_n but_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o duke_n of_o prussia_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o send_v to_o their_o service_n every_o year_n in_o time_n of_o war_n a_o hundred_o horse_n ready_a equipt_n which_o those_o king_n be_v to_o maintain_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n from_o the_o time_n they_o go_v out_o of_o prussia_n at_o this_o time_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v not_o a_o little_a jealous_a of_o the_o exorbitant_a power_n and_o vast_a dominion_n of_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n for_o not_o only_a sigismond_n possess_v poland_n the_o great_a dutchy_n of_o lithuania_n smolensko_n and_o severia_n and_o likewise_o all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o euxine_a and_o baltic_a sea_n but_o also_o his_o nephew_n lewis_n son_n of_o vladislaus_n be_v king_n of_o hungary_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n insomuch_o that_o they_o secret_o raise_v several_a enemy_n against_o they_o whereupon_o the_o muscovite_n moldavian_n and_o tartar_n come_v a_o three_o time_n to_o molest_v poland_n but_o be_v force_v to_o withdraw_v after_o have_v do_v some_o mischief_n about_o this_o time_n solyman_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n make_v war_n with_o hungary_n and_o gain_v the_o famous_a battle_n of_o mobac_n where_o king_n lewis_n and_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o army_n be_v slay_v and_o the_o better_a part_n of_o hungary_n subject_v to_o the_o turk_n this_o king_n lewis_n leave_v only_o one_o daughter_n silesia_n which_o be_v
state_n consent_v to_o have_v vast_a quantity_n of_o copper_n coin_v which_o before_o have_v be_v very_o scarce_o in_o that_o country_n and_o to_o raise_v its_o intrinsic_a value_n to_o almost_o double_a the_o common_a standard_n with_o this_o money_n the_o king_n pay_v the_o public_a for_o what_o they_o bring_v in_o as_o likewise_o the_o arrear_n of_o the_o army_n but_o keep_v all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o he_o afterward_o private_o remit_v into_o france_n and_o soon_o follow_v himself_o whereby_o he_o beggar_a the_o nation_n for_o which_o the_o pole_n condemn_v he_o even_o to_o this_o day_n they_o also_o hate_v his_o memory_n for_o have_v favour_v the_o cosack_n rebellion_n to_o the_o empoverish_v those_o gentleman_n that_o have_v estate_n in_o vkraina_n this_o appear_v unquestionable_a by_o a_o private_a letter_n intercept_v send_v under_o casimir_n own_o hand_n to_o chmielinski_n and_o doroczinko_n general_n of_o the_o cosack_v army_n whereby_o he_o invite_v they_o to_o make_v war_n against_o himself_o for_o not_o have_v be_v redress_v in_o the_o grievance_n they_o have_v sustain_v under_o the_o jew_n the_o nobleman_n steward_n in_o the_o vkraine_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o give_v they_o occasion_n to_o deliver_v themselves_o from_o the_o polish_v slavery_n as_o they_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n all_o this_o while_n the_o cosack_n be_v not_o a_o little_a troublesome_a to_o the_o pole_n take_v advantage_n of_o these_o intestine_a disorder_n and_o the_o ill_a condition_n the_o affair_n of_o poland_n be_v in_o during_o casimir_n time_n who_o at_o length_n after_o 20_o year_n reign_n be_v tire_v out_o with_o vexation_n public_o resign_v his_o crown_n like_o charles_n v._o at_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n the_o 16_o of_o september_n in_o 1671._o the_o year_n 1668_o and_o retire_v into_o france_n die_v afterward_o at_o nevers_n the_o city_n where_o his_o queen_n be_v bear_v while_o i_o be_v at_o warsaw_n i_o speak_v with_o several_a old_a gentleman_n about_o this_o king_n abdication_n who_o tell_v i_o that_o casimir_n the_o day_n after_o his_o resignation_n observe_v the_o people_n hardly_o pay_v he_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o a_o gentleman_n much_o less_o to_o a_o king_n seem_v to_o have_v repent_v hearty_o of_o the_o folly_n he_o have_v commit_v the_o officer_n which_o this_o prince_n have_v reserve_v to_o himself_o in_o his_o retreat_n raise_v a_o stately_a monument_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o royal_a master_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n germains_n at_o paris_n whereof_o he_o be_v make_v abbot_n the_o brass_n and_o marble_n of_o this_o monument_n shall_v not_o outlast_v the_o latin_a epitaph_n which_o father_n francis_n delfault_n make_v on_o this_o prince_n and_o which_o for_o the_o excellency_n in_o its_o kind_n i_o shall_v beg_v leave_n of_o your_o grace_n to_o insert_v aeternae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la regis_fw-la orthodoxi_fw-la heic_fw-la post_fw-la emensos_fw-la virtutis_fw-la ac_fw-la gloriae_fw-la gradus_fw-la omnes_fw-la quiescit_fw-la nobili_fw-la svi_fw-la parte_fw-la johannes_n casimirus_n poloniae_fw-la ac_fw-la sueciae_fw-la rex_fw-la alto_fw-mi e_o jagellonidum_n sanguine_a familia_fw-la vasatensi_fw-la postremus_n quia_fw-la summus_n litteris_fw-la armis_fw-la pielate_fw-la multarum_fw-la gentium_fw-la linguas_fw-la addidicit_fw-la quo_fw-la illas_fw-la propensius_fw-la sibi_fw-la devinciret_fw-la septemdecim_fw-la praeliis_fw-la collatis_fw-la cum_fw-la host_n signis_fw-la totidem_fw-la uno_fw-la minus_fw-la vicit_fw-la semper_fw-la invigtus_n moscovitas_n suecos_n brandeburgenses_n tartaros_n germanos_fw-la armis_fw-la cosaco_n aliosque_fw-la rebel_n gratid_n ac_fw-la beneficiis_fw-la expugnavit_fw-la victoriâ_fw-la regem_fw-la eye_n se_fw-la praebens_fw-la clementiâ_fw-la patrem_fw-la denique_fw-la totis_fw-la viginti_fw-la imperii_fw-la annis_n fortunam_fw-la virtute_fw-la vincens_fw-la aulam_fw-la habvit_fw-la in_o castris_fw-la palatia_fw-la in_o tentoriis_fw-la spectacula_fw-la in_o triumphis_n liberos_fw-la ex_fw-la legitimo_fw-la connubio_fw-la suscepit_fw-la queis_fw-la postea_fw-la orbatus_fw-la est_fw-la ne_fw-la si_fw-la se_fw-la majorem_fw-la reliquisset_fw-la non_fw-la esset_fw-la ipse_fw-la maximus_fw-la sin_z minorem_fw-la stirps_fw-la degeneraret_fw-la par_fw-fr ei_fw-la ad_fw-la fortitudinem_fw-la religio_fw-la fuit_fw-la nec_fw-la segnius_fw-la coelo_fw-la militavit_fw-la qvam_fw-la solo_n hinc_fw-la extructa_fw-la monasteria_fw-la &_o nosocomia_n varsaviae_fw-la calvinianorum_n fana_fw-la in_o lithuania_n exoisa_fw-la sociniani_n regno_fw-la pulsi_fw-la ne_fw-la casimirum_fw-la haberent_fw-la regem_fw-la qui_fw-la christum_fw-la deum_fw-la non_fw-la haberent_fw-la senatus_n a_o variis_fw-la sectis_fw-la ad_fw-la catholicae_fw-la fidei_fw-la communiousm_n adductus_fw-la ut_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la legibus_fw-la continerentur_fw-la qui_fw-la jura_n populis_fw-la dicerent_fw-la vnde_fw-la illi_fw-la praeclarum_fw-la orthodoxi_fw-la nomen_fw-la ab_fw-la alexandro_n vii_o inditum_fw-la humanae_fw-la denique_fw-la gloriae_fw-la fastigium_fw-la praetergressus_fw-la cum_fw-la nihil_fw-la praeclarius_fw-la agere_fw-la posset_n imperium_fw-la sponte_fw-la abdicavit_fw-la anno_fw-la m._n dc_o lxviii_o tum_o porro_fw-la lachrymae_fw-la quas_fw-la nulli_fw-la regnans_fw-la excusserat_fw-la omnium_fw-la oculis_fw-la manarunt_fw-la qui_fw-la abeuntem_fw-la regem_fw-la non_fw-la secus_fw-la atque_fw-la obeuntem_fw-la patrem_fw-la lv_o xere_fw-la vitæ_fw-la reliquum_fw-la in_o pietatis_fw-la officiis_n cum_fw-la exegisset_fw-la tandem_fw-la audita_fw-la kameneciâ—â—_n expugnatione_fw-la ne_fw-la tantae_fw-la cladi_fw-la superesset_fw-la charitate_fw-la patriae_fw-la wlneratus_n occubvit_fw-la xvii_o kal_n jan_n m._n dc_o lxxii_o regium_fw-la cor_fw-la monachis_fw-la huius_fw-la coenobii_fw-la cui_fw-la abbas_n praefuerat_fw-la amoris_fw-la pignus_fw-la reliquit_fw-la quod_fw-la illi_fw-la isthoc_fw-la tumulo_fw-la moereâ—â—tes_fw-la condidorunt_fw-la if_o king_n casimir_n resignation_n procure_v quiet_a to_o himself_o it_o occasion_v no_o less_o disturbance_n to_o the_o polish_v commonwealth_n for_o thereby_o none_o of_o the_o family_n of_o vasa_n remain_v several_a prince_n raise_v faction_n to_o get_v the_o crown_n into_o their_o family_n and_o consequent_o each_o endeavour_v to_o hinder_v he_o that_o be_v most_o like_a to_o obtain_v it_o call_v stanislaus_n prasmowski_n the_o primate_n have_v convene_v a_o diet_n to_o meet_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o december_n where_o after_o some_o innocent_a heat_n the_o second_o of_o may_n 1669_o be_v pitch_v upon_o for_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n this_o interregnum_fw-la unlike_o the_o former_a be_v not_o disturb_v by_o the_o protestant_n king_n casimir_n have_v take_v such_o measure_n that_o the_o socinian_o be_v in_o his_o time_n banish_v and_o the_o other_o sect_n be_v look_v upon_o with_o contempt_n be_v consequent_o discourage_v in_o their_o advances_n crown_n at_o this_o diet_n of_o election_n four_o competitor_n appear_v viz._n the_o son_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o have_v be_v breed_v in_o poland_n and_o speak_v that_o language_n on_o who_o behalf_n the_o great_a duke_n his_o father_n offer_v 1._o that_o his_o son_n shall_v change_v his_o religion_n for_o that_o of_o the_o roman_a communion_n 2._o that_o he_o shall_v make_v a_o public_a renunciation_n to_o muscovy_n 3._o that_o all_o place_n former_o take_v from_o the_o pole_n by_o the_o muscovite_n shall_v be_v restore_v 4._o that_o four_o million_o shall_v be_v advance_v as_o his_o free_a gift_n towards_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o arrear_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v poland_n against_o all_o enemy_n whatever_o with_o a_o army_n of_o forty_o thousand_o man_n and_o moreover_o enter_v into_o a_o firm_a and_o perpetual_a league_n with_o they_o the_o next_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n support_v by_o the_o french_a interest_n the_o three_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n uphold_v by_o the_o german_a faction_n and_o the_o four_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o conde_n son_n who_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o general_n sobieski_n be_v think_v to_o favour_n two_o at_o length_n the_o contention_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v altogether_o lodge_v in_o two_o pretender_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n decline_v send_v his_o ambassador_n out_o of_o pride_n as_o be_v displease_v with_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n have_v quit_v his_o pretension_n on_o account_n of_o discouragement_n wherefore_o the_o two_o competitor_n that_o remain_v have_v the_o gentry_n almost_o equal_o divide_v between_o they_o and_o which_o arrive_v to_o those_o extremity_n that_o almost_o every_o night_n twenty_o or_o more_o be_v find_v murder_v in_o the_o street_n these_o disorder_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o diet_n use_v several_a mean_n to_o suppress_v but_o at_o length_n find_v none_o so_o plausible_a as_o to_o proceed_v forthwith_o to_o a_o election_n admit_v the_o four_o of_o june_n the_o ambassador_n be_v first_o admit_v to_o audience_n when_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n make_v a_o speech_n in_o latin_a and_o exhort_v the_o assembly_n to_o elect_v a_o catholic_n prince_n the_o seven_o of_o the_o same_o month_n count_n schafgot_n have_v audience_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o expectation_n of_o every_o body_n recommend_v the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o master_n the_o emperor_n on_o the_o 12_o the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n
minister_n have_v audience_n who_o promise_v in_o the_o name_n of_o his_o master_n two_o million_o to_o pay_v the_o army_n next_o to_o maintain_v always_o 4000_o man_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n out_o of_o his_o own_o coffer_n and_o last_o to_o build_v three_o fortress_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n as_o likewise_o to_o found_v a_o college_n for_o the_o polander_n in_o germany_n the_o prince_n of_o leixin_n who_o have_v audience_n next_o proffer_v almost_o the_o same_o on_o the_o part_n of_o his_o nephew_n the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n to_o which_o the_o abbot_n of_o riquet_n also_o add_v that_o the_o same_o prince_n for_o who_o he_o likewise_o speak_v be_v ready_a to_o dispute_v the_o crown_n in_o single_a combat_n with_o his_o opponent_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v obtain_v it_o by_o the_o most_o honourable_a mean_n but_o nevertheless_o the_o pride_n of_o the_o latter_a of_o these_o competitor_n have_v not_o better_a effect_n than_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o former_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o gentry_n be_v very_o impatient_a at_o the_o tediousness_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o at_o arise_v length_n be_v ready_a to_o go_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n when_o opalinski_n palatin_n of_o kalisch_n to_o appease_v the_o disorder_n make_v a_o elegant_a speech_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v mere_a madness_n for_o they_o to_o cut_v one_o another_o throat_n about_o choose_v of_o prince_n which_o they_o never_o see_v and_o that_o it_o will_v be_v more_o prudent_a to_o reject_v they_o both_o their_o birth_n and_o alliance_n with_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v sufficient_a to_o merit_v their_o exclusion_n and_o proceed_v in_o his_o harangue_n he_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n that_o the_o austrian_a family_n provide_v they_o persist_v to_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o prince_n out_o of_o it_o may_v in_o all_o probability_n serve_v they_o as_o it_o have_v former_o do_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n and_o hungary_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o only_o unsafe_a but_o also_o contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o kingdom_n to_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o they_o hereupon_o the_o tumult_n begin_v something_o to_o abate_v which_o give_v he_o encouragement_n to_o go_v on_o and_o show_v that_o former_o when_o heat_n grow_v high_a a_o native_a meaning_n piastus_n have_v be_v choose_v who_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n so_o prudent_o that_o even_o at_o 120_o year_n of_o age_n his_o death_n be_v regret_v these_o speech_n precaution_n continue_v he_o our_o forefather_n have_v against_o the_o ambition_n envy_n or_o avarice_n of_o such_o as_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n let_v we_o therefore_o quoth_v he_o leave_v the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n to_o govern_v his_o small_a estate_n and_o numerous_a family_n and_o let_v the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n exhaust_v his_o treasure_n to_o recover_v his_o paternal_a dominion_n for_o our_o part_n a_o piasto_n will_v be_v most_o proper_a for_o we_o as_o we_o may_v find_v by_o a_o serious_a reflection_n on_o these_o divine_a word_n admit_v ad_fw-la te_fw-la alienigenam_fw-la &_o subvertet_fw-la te_fw-la admit_v a_o stranger_n among_o you_o and_o he_o shall_v undermine_v and_o ruin_v you_o by_o these_o mean_v the_o palatin_n of_o kalisch_n have_v pretty_a well_o calm_v the_o turbulent_a spirit_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o moreover_o influence_v they_o with_o kind_a thought_n of_o a_o piasto_n he_o immediate_o post_v together_o with_o the_o palatin_n of_o posnania_n propose_v to_o wiesnowiski_n then_o at_o warsaw_n where_o find_v he_o in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o recollect_n they_o both_o earnest_o beg_v of_o he_o to_o accompany_v they_o to_o the_o field_n of_o election_n which_o request_n after_o some_o difficulty_n he_o comply_v with_o whereupon_o all_o three_o arrive_v while_o the_o partisan_n of_o the_o two_o competitor_n be_v ready_a to_o go_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n the_o palatine_n of_o kalisch_n and_o posnania_n take_v occasion_n to_o propose_v wiesnowiski_n and_o the_o illustrious_a house_n he_o be_v 109._o descend_v from_o soon_o determine_v the_o gentry_n in_o his_o favour_n it_o must_v be_v understand_v that_o wiesnowiski_n be_v not_o lineal_o of_o the_o race_n of_o jagello_n for_o that_o end_v with_o sigismundus_n augustus_n but_o collateral_o descend_v from_o korybuth_n jagello_n brother_n mr._n yard_n who_o go_v with_o sir_n peter_n wyche_n to_o compliment_n king_n michael_n on_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o throne_n tell_v i_o late_o that_o the_o palatin_n disappoint_v of_o culm_n acquaint_v they_o at_o warsaw_n that_o when_o michael_n be_v propose_v the_o intention_n be_v not_o to_o have_v he_o elect_a but_o only_o by_o propose_v of_o he_o to_o discover_v how_o far_o the_o diet_n will_v relish_v a_o native_a some_o of_o the_o great_a man_n among_o they_o have_v secret_a design_n to_o advance_v one_o of_o themselves_o to_o the_o throne_n but_o which_o they_o be_v unexpected_o disappoint_v in_o by_o the_o election_n of_o this_o poor_a prince_n wiesnowizki_n be_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v when_o he_o hear_v himself_o name_v and_o which_o also_o increase_v upon_o he_o when_o they_o seat_v he_o by_o force_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o assembly_n and_o beg_v of_o he_o to_o accept_v the_o crown_n at_o first_o he_o crown_n burst_v out_o into_o tear_n and_o declare_v he_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o sustain_v so_o great_a a_o burden_n but_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o diet_n persist_v in_o their_o demand_n at_o length_n he_o think_v fit_a to_o acquiesce_v it_o and_o accept_v their_o proffer_v the_o duke_n of_o neuburg_n and_o lorain_n be_v hereby_o immediate_o deprive_v of_o their_o most_o profess_a friend_n but_o the_o lithuanian_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n accept_v of_o a_o prince_n they_o have_v not_o first_o name_v and_o therefore_o propose_v other_o this_o dissent_v of_o they_o occasion_v new_a disorder_n which_o grow_v so_o high_a that_o a_o gentleman_n speak_v his_o mind_n too_o free_o be_v cut_v to_o piece_n on_o the_o spot_n yet_o at_o length_n the_o latter_a be_v the_o weak_a side_n they_o be_v force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o former_a and_o confirm_v prince_n wiesnowiski_n conform_v the_o primate_n not_o approve_v of_o this_o election_n retire_v to_o his_o castle_n of_o lowitz_n but_o the_o gentry_n threaten_v to_o force_v he_o and_o the_o senator_n entreat_v he_o to_o consent_v which_o at_o length_n he_o agree_v to_o and_o according_a to_o custom_n proclaim_v he_o it_o be_v say_v that_o whilst_o the_o palatin_n of_o kalisch_n be_v harangue_v a_o swarm_n of_o bee_n and_o a_o pigeon_n happen_v to_o fly_v over_o their_o head_n which_o the_o pole_n immediate_o take_v for_o a_o good_a omen_n cry_v out_o unanimous_o god_n save_o king_n 1670._o michael_n wiesnowiski_n this_o his_o excellency_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr cleverskerk_n now_o ambassador_n from_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n in_o england_n assure_v i_o to_o be_v true_a he_o have_v be_v present_a at_o warsaw_n as_o a_o traveller_n at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o election_n king_n michael_n be_v thus_o choose_v chief_o indeed_o by_o the_o minor_a nobility_n be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o primate_n and_o crown_v the_o 17_o the_o of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1670_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1673._o marriage_n he_o marry_v eleonora_n of_o austria_n daughter_n to_o ferdinand_n iii_o and_o sister_n to_o leopold_n the_o present_a emperor_n of_o germany_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o alliance_n jealousy_n be_v raise_v that_o his_o majesty_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a and_o hereditary_a and_o to_o subvert_v the_o polish_v liberty_n all_o which_o he_o soon_o appease_v by_o a_o timely_a compliance_n with_o the_o demand_n of_o the_o disaffect_v this_o prince_n before_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n be_v very_o poor_a subsist_v only_o on_o a_o pension_n of_o 6000_o livre_n which_o have_v be_v charitable_o allow_v he_o by_o king_n casimir_n and_o his_o queen_n mary_n 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poland_n though_o always_o elective_a yet_o have_v be_v successive_o in_o the_o same_o family_n from_o father_n to_o son_n or_o at_o least_o from_o father_n to_o daughter_n or_o other_o relation_n from_o the_o year_n 830_o to_o the_o year_n 1674_o which_o be_v from_o piastus_n his_o reign_n to_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n except_o only_o the_o five_o month_n that_o henry_n of_o valois_n reign_v i_o mean_v henry_n iii_o of_o france_n who_o be_v kill_v by_o a_o monk_n to_o evince_v this_o your_o grace_n may_v be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o last_o of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n be_v the_o princess_n hedwigis_fw-la who_o marry_v jagello_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n his_o male_a race_n by_o she_o reign_v to_o sigismond_n the_o second_v time_n of_o who_o two_o daughter_n one_o be_v marry_v to_o king_n stephen_n batori_fw-mi his_o successor_n and_o the_o other_o be_v mother_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o who_o with_o 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promote_v the_o interest_n of_o their_o country_n be_v wise_a enough_o to_o choose_v a_o foreign_a prince_n who_o wealth_n and_o courage_n will_v enlarge_v their_o dominion_n as_o their_o present_a king_n frederick_n augustus_n be_v very_o likely_a to_o do_v be_v in_o league_n with_o the_o emperor_n muscovite_n and_o venetian_n i_o hope_v your_o grace_n will_v be_v please_v to_o pardon_v my_o indiscretion_n in_o presume_v to_o write_v of_o matter_n which_o be_v altogether_o out_o of_o my_o element_n since_o it_o be_v only_o to_o show_v with_o what_o deference_n and_o respect_n i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o obedient_a and_o most_o humble_a servant_n b._n c._n letter_n iu._n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a william_n earl_n of_o yarmouth_n concern_v the_o family_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o john_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o also_o his_o daughter_n marriage_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o bavaria_n my_o lord_n the_o obligation_n i_o owe_v to_o your_o brother_n mr._n alberti_n and_o his_o lady_n join_v with_o the_o value_n i_o have_v always_o profess_v for_o your_o lordship_n friendship_n make_v i_o glad_a to_o find_v this_o occasion_n of_o give_v both_o you_o and_o they_o a_o public_a testimony_n of_o my_o respect_n and_o gratitude_n and_o since_o you_o have_v often_o show_v yourself_o willing_a to_o know_v something_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o your_o temper_n than_o that_o i_o shall_v inform_v you_o chief_o of_o the_o heroic_a action_n of_o that_o great_a prince_n with_o who_o your_o brother_n for_o so_o many_o year_n so_o prudent_o manage_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o wise_a republic_n in_o the_o world_n in_o a_o long_a linger_a war_n against_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n it_o be_v to_o his_o kindness_n that_o i_o must_v own_v myself_o indebt_v for_o the_o honour_n i_o have_v have_v of_o be_v in_o the_o esteem_n of_o so_o warlike_a a_o king_n and_o of_o be_v moreover_o entrust_v 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stipulate_v for_o by_o michael_n as_o they_o have_v be_v before_o but_o be_v content_v to_o be_v put_v off_o to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n call_v the_o senate_n be_v assemble_v order_v public_a rejoice_n and_o begin_v their_o session_n by_o leave_v off_o their_o mourn_v for_o the_o late_a king_n the_o diet_n which_o precede_v that_o of_o the_o election_n be_v appoint_v to_o meet_v the_o 15_o the_o of_o january_n 1674_o which_o be_v design_v to_o be_v terminate_v in_o 15_o day_n but_o the_o ordinary_a disturbance_n that_o arise_v in_o these_o sort_n of_o assembly_n together_o with_o the_o inclination_n which_o every_o body_n have_v to_o advance_v general_n sobieski_n occasion_v it_o to_o be_v prorogue_v till_o the_o 22_o d_o or_o 23_o d_o of_o february_n without_o do_v any_o thing_n but_o assign_v a_o jointure_n to_o the_o queen_n dowager_n the_o 20_o the_o of_o april_n begin_v the_o diet_n of_o election_n election_n the_o candidate_n be_v in_o great_a number_n and_o every_o one_o 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sweden_n the_o other_o be_v the_o widow_n of_o a_o nobleman_n in_o poland_n employment_n the_o queen_n have_v the_o art_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o employment_n in_o the_o kingdom_n for_o money_n for_o the_o king_n who_o by_o the_o constitution_n ought_v not_o himself_o to_o sell_v any_o place_n give_v to_o understand_v private_o that_o all_o person_n shall_v apply_v themselves_o to_o her_o first_o that_o she_o may_v secret_o negotiate_v the_o price_n of_o every_o preferment_n which_o she_o do_v very_o industrious_o and_o oblige_v they_o furthermore_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o espouse_v the_o interest_n of_o one_o of_o her_o child_n after_o the_o king_n death_n the_o pole_n never_o scruple_v those_o oath_n though_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v they_o no_o long_o than_o they_o think_v it_o for_o their_o interest_n which_o be_v manifest_v at_o this_o last_o election_n in_o which_o so_o few_o appear_v for_o prince_n james_n for_o this_o unlawful_a way_n of_o treat_v the_o 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of_o brandenburg_n brother_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n a_o envoy_n be_v send_v to_o berlin_n to_o negotiate_v the_o marriage_n which_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o the_o elector_n and_o her_o consent_n and_o the_o prince_n himself_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n with_o a_o numerous_a attendance_n to_o consummate_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n come_v to_o berlin_n the_o elector_n palatin_n brother_n prince_z charles_n of_o newburg_n brother_n to_o the_o empress_n to_o see_v the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o marriage_n but_o this_o princess_n take_v more_o fancy_n to_o he_o than_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n give_v he_o encouragement_n disappoint_v to_o make_v his_o address_n to_o she_o which_o he_o do_v with_o that_o success_n that_o he_o engage_v she_o so_o far_o and_o so_o unexpected_o that_o he_o be_v private_o marry_v to_o her_o the_o night_n before_o she_o be_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n so_o that_o prince_n james_n be_v force_v to_o return_v back_o 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considerable_a a_o army_n and_o that_o chief_o of_o horse_n as_o any_o christian_a prince_n he_o have_v ever_o have_v a_o great_a reputation_n with_o the_o eastern_a prince_n and_o consider_v their_o history_n i_o find_v as_o remarkable_a transaction_n and_o exploit_n in_o the_o live_v of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o in_o any_o other_o history_n whatever_o i_o must_v confess_v the_o pole_n have_v not_o be_v such_o refine_a politician_n nor_o so_o prudent_o manage_v their_o own_o interest_n as_o some_o of_o their_o neighbour_n have_v do_v for_o by_o their_o ill_a conduct_n and_o supine_n negligence_n they_o have_v lose_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o ancient_a dominion_n which_o yet_o have_v happen_v to_o they_o neither_o on_o account_n of_o their_o deficiency_n in_o courage_n or_o bravery_n but_o at_o present_a the_o pole_n beginning_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o into_o their_o maxim_n of_o government_n they_o be_v become_v more_o 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think_v by_o our_o late_a discourse_n about_o poland_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v new_a to_o you_o but_o what_o be_v either_o very_a remote_a or_o very_a ancient_a i_o will_v endeavour_v only_o to_o give_v what_o i_o know_v of_o the_o origin_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v that_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o frontier_n of_o moscovy_n inhabitant_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n litwa_fw-mi though_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o scotland_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yet_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n from_o this_o kingdom_n have_v different_a custom_n a_o different_a dialect_n and_o particular_a privilege_n though_o one_o diet_n serve_v they_o both_o it_o lie_v between_o bound_n moscovy_n on_o the_o east_n livonia_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o part_n of_o moscovy_n to_o the_o north_n samogitia_n prussia_n and_o podlachia_n to_o the_o west_n and_o russia_n volhynia_n and_o podolia_n towards_o the_o south_n it_o extend_v near_o ninety_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n that_o be_v from_o the_o border_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o livonia_n and_o about_o eighty_o in_o breadth_n from_o the_o river_n niemen_n to_o the_o nieper_n in_o the_o time_n of_o extent_n its_o great_a duke_n vitoldus_n it_o be_v of_o much_o large_a extent_n for_o than_o it_o reach_v from_o the_o euxine_a sea_n to_o almost_o all_o along_o the_o baltic_a product_n this_o province_n be_v a_o flat_a and_o champain_n country_n formerly_z all_o overrun_v with_o wood_n and_o of_o which_o a_o great_a number_n still_o remain_v yet_o what_o with_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o peace_n they_o have_v enjoy_v ever_o since_o sigismond_n the_o first_o be_v time_n it_o be_v now_o very_o fruitful_a and_o produce_v all_o sort_n of_o grain_n as_o likewise_o afford_v great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n pitch_n tar_n and_o timber_n with_o good_a store_n of_o fish_n and_o flesh_n nevertheless_o the_o air_n be_v general_o unhealthy_a which_o occasion_n many_o place_n to_o be_v little_o inhabit_v and_o some_o quite_o desert_n privilege_n this_o great_a duchy_n be_v only_o begin_v to_o be_v unite_v to_o poland_n by_o jagello_n in_o the_o year_n 1386_o for_o though_o that_o union_n be_v afterward_o renew_v at_o grodno_n in_o the_o year_n 1413_o yet_o lithuania_n still_o retain_v its_o own_o proper_a duke_n till_o the_o year_n 1501_o when_o the_o great_a duke_n albert_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o who_o mean_n this_o country_n become_v absolute_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n in_o 1569_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o lithuania_n shall_v enjoy_v its_o own_o peculiar_a law_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v constitute_v a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v commonwealth_n insomuch_o that_o nothing_o of_o importance_n be_v for_o the_o future_a to_o be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o voluntary_a concurrence_n of_o these_o state_n division_n this_o country_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n viz._n 1._o lithuania_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o 2._o lithuanic_n or_o white_a russia_n both_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a palatinate_n and_o those_o again_o into_o district_n and_o all_o of_o they_o may_v be_v proper_o term_v dutchy_n each_o have_v former_o have_v its_o peculiar_a duke_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o lithuania_n be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a gules_a and_o azure_a in_o the_o former_a a_o horse_n in_o full_a career_fw-fr argent_fw-fr with_o a_o warrior_n inside_v proper_a brandish_v a_o sword_n over_o his_o head_n and_o in_o the_o second_o the_o virgin_n mary_n with_o our_o saviour_n in_o her_o arm_n surround_v by_o a_o glory_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o state_n i_o hope_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o lithuania_n with_o the_o life_n and_o most_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o that_o duchy_n samogitia_n etc._n etc._n may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a which_o be_v as_o follow_v call_v lithuania_n as_o guagnini_n think_v take_v its_o name_n from_o this_o occasion_n when_o the_o first_o prince_n thereof_o palaemon_n leave_v italy_n on_o account_n of_o nero_n tyranny_n he_o together_o with_o several_a of_o his_o countryman_n flee_v by_o a_o long_a voyage_n into_o these_o part_n where_o after_o some_o time_n have_v be_v salute_v prince_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o he_o call_v their_o country_n after_o the_o name_n of_o his_o own_o la_fw-fr italia_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o mix_v with_o the_o idiom_n of_o those_o barbarian_n may_v as_o he_o say_v have_v degenerate_v into_o lithuania_n other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v so_o name_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n littus_n a_o shoar_n because_o say_v they_o this_o prince_n settle_v along_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n before_o opinion_n he_o descend_v into_o lithuania_n to_o confirm_v this_o prince_n expedition_n into_o this_o country_n there_o be_v several_a italian_a and_o latin_a word_n intermix_v with_o its_o present_a language_n as_o likewise_o most_o of_o the_o noble_a family_n have_v great_a similitude_n with_o the_o roman_a name_n though_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n be_v altogether_o sclavonian_n notwithstanding_o this_o assertion_n hartknoch_n with_o several_a other_o positive_o affirm_v that_o this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o littuo_fw-la one_o of_o the_o alani_n a_o certain_a duke_n therefore_o long_o before_o palaemon_n voyage_n so_o that_o from_o littuo_fw-la alanus_fw-la they_o call_v his_o country_n littualania_n which_o afterward_o be_v contract_v to_o lithuania_n palamon_n palaemon_n first_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o roman_a patricii_fw-la after_o have_v undergon_v great_a danger_n and_o
1267_o endeavour_v to_o subdue_v russia_n he_o be_v circumvent_v by_o leo_n duke_n thereof_o who_o build_v leopol_n and_o slay_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o wrowsko_n lithuania_n with_o he_o the_o family_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n be_v extinct_a vtenus_n or_o vcienus_n utenus_fw-la descend_v from_o the_o kitauri_fw-la prince_n in_o that_o country_n be_v unanimous_o elect_v first_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n who_o have_v have_v divers_a war_n with_o the_o russian_n and_o prussian_n die_v and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son_n swintorohus_n swintorohus_n who_o reign_v but_o little_a though_o very_o well_o died_z and_o leave_v behind_o he_o his_o son_n germontus_n germontus_n who_o rule_v also_o a_o very_a little_a while_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n trahus_n trahus_o who_o govern_v well_o both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n for_o some_o time_n and_o build_v a_o town_n and_o castle_n after_o his_o own_o name_n this_o great_a duke_n leave_v behind_o he_o five_o legitimate_a child_n viz._n narimundus_n dowmantus_n holsanus_fw-la giedrutus_n and_o troidenus_n who_o all_o separately_z succeed_v their_o father_n in_o his_o dominion_n narimundus_n narimundus_n the_o elder_a have_v for_o his_o part_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n with_o samogitia_n both_o which_o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o by_o the_o prerogative_n of_o his_o birth_n he_o translate_v the_o ducal_z seat_n from_o novogrodec_n to_o kiernow_n his_o first_o war_n be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o his_o brother_n upon_o poland_n russia_n masovia_n and_o prussia_n then_o he_o declare_v war_n against_o his_o brother_n dowmant_n for_o take_v away_o his_o wife_n who_o he_o soon_o recover_v and_o drive_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o his_o dominion_n who_o fly_v to_o the_o russian_n of_o polocz_n be_v universal_o receive_v for_o their_o prince_n this_o duke_n be_v record_v in_o the_o russian_a annal_n to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o the_o lithuanian_a arm_n which_o be_v in_o a_o field_n gules_a a_o person_n arm_v cap-a-pe_n sables_n ride_v full_a speed_n on_o a_o horse_n argent_fw-fr and_o flourish_v a_o sword_n over_o his_o head_n of_o the_o three_o to_o he_o succeed_v his_o brother_n troidenus_n but_o first_o a_o account_n of_o the_o other_o brother_n dowmant_n dowmant_n have_v for_o his_o share_n the_o district_n of_o cosnia_n where_o he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o vcian_n holsanus_fw-la holsanus_n the_o three_o brother_n be_v allot_v his_o division_n beyond_o the_o river_n wilia_n towards_o the_o east_n giedrutus_n giedrutus_n or_o giedrotus_n the_o four_o brother_n build_v a_o castle_n upon_o a_o lake_n call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n and_o where_o he_o fix_v the_o seat_n of_o his_o duchy_n who_o descendant_n be_v famous_a even_o to_o this_o day_n troidenus_n the_o five_o brother_n troidenus_n succeed_v narimundus_n in_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n who_o have_v gather_v together_o a_o army_n of_o about_o 30000_o man_n divide_v they_o into_o three_o part_n one_o whereof_o he_o send_v against_o masovia_n and_o the_o other_o two_o against_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n in_o prussia_n where_o have_v destroy_v divers_a town_n he_o return_v with_o a_o great_a booty_n of_o captive_n and_o cattle_n the_o same_o year_n cujavia_n be_v overrun_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n some_o small_a time_n after_o which_o dowmant_n prince_n of_o polocz_n be_v provoke_v to_o see_v his_o young_a brother_n on_o his_o father_n throne_n hire_v three_o rustic_n to_o murder_v he_o as_o he_o go_v into_o a_o bath_n which_o they_o effect_v but_o dowmant_n march_v with_o a_o formidable_a army_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o lithuania_n be_v meet_v and_o vanquish_v by_o rimunt_fw-la rimunt_fw-la son_n to_o troidenus_n who_o thereupon_o succeed_v his_o father_n for_o a_o while_n but_o afterward_o call_v a_o diet_n at_o kiernow_n he_o public_o renounce_v his_o right_n and_o retire_v to_o a_o monastical_a life_n constitute_v 1281._o vithenes_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o kitauri_n descend_v of_o the_o roman_a prince_n great_a duke_n this_o prince_n be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o brave_a and_o warlike_a spirit_n wherefore_o rimunt_fw-la when_o it_o be_v demand_v of_o he_o why_o he_o put_v by_o the_o family_n of_o his_o uncle_n giedrutus_n and_o holsanus_n answer_v because_o there_o be_v none_o but_o child_n among_o they_o when_o a_o prince_n of_o lithuania_n ought_v to_o correspond_v with_o the_o arm_n of_o that_o country_n invent_v by_o his_o uncle_n narimund_n which_o be_v a_o warrior_n on_o horseback_n arm_v cap-a-pe_n and_o post_v to_o subdue_v his_o enemy_n this_o great_a duke_n vithenes_n begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1281._o the_o year_n follow_v he_o invade_v the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n and_o continue_v destroy_v it_o for_o fifteen_o day_n together_o till_o at_o length_n lescus_n the_o black_a king_n of_o poland_n be_v animate_v thereto_o by_o a_o vision_n meet_v and_o fight_v he_o between_o the_o river_n narew_n and_o niemen_n where_o the_o latter_a gain_v a_o signal_n victory_n in_o testimony_n whereof_o he_o found_v a_o parochial_a church_n at_o lublin_n and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o st._n michael_n the_o archangel_n 1287._o in_o the_o year_n 1287_o the_o lithuanian_n prussian_n and_o samogitian_n make_v a_o descent_n upon_o dobrina_n and_o surprise_v the_o capital_a city_n thereof_o on_o sunday_n when_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v busy_v at_o devotion_n kill_v and_o carry_v away_o great_a number_n of_o they_o into_o slavery_n 1289._o afterward_o in_o 1289_o the_o lithuanian_n to_o the_o number_n only_o of_o 8000_o invade_v a_o part_n of_o prussia_n burn_v kill_a and_o destroy_v wherever_o they_o come_v but_o before_o the_o country_n can_v make_v head_n against_o they_o they_o be_v retire_v with_o great_a spoil_n to_o requite_v which_o next_o year_n the_o prussian_n march_v into_o lithuania_n where_o they_o kill_v and_o take_v vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o likewise_o possess_v themselves_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o commendador_n of_o koningsberg_n of_o the_o strong_a castle_n merabde_v afterward_o memer_n great_a master_n of_o prussia_n enter_v lithuania_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n and_o entire_o destroy_v two_o district_n not_o long_o after_o this_o vithenes_n invade_v cujavia_n and_o burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n about_o bressici_fw-la and_o likewise_o carry_v away_o great_a number_n into_o captivity_n 1293._o in_o the_o year_n 1293_o conradus_n stange_n commendador_n of_o ragneta_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o mindog_n in_o lithuania_n which_o vithenes_n soon_o requite_v by_o enter_v prussia_n and_o destroy_v it_o eighty_o day_n together_o 1294._o afterward_o in_o 1294_o vithenes_n with_o a_o body_n only_o of_o 1800_o horse_n march_v through_o wood_n and_o by-road_n surprise_v a_o great_a concourse_n of_o people_n meet_v in_o the_o collegiate_n church_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi whereof_o the_o great_a part_n he_o kill_v and_o the_o other_o consist_v chief_o of_o ecclesiastic_n he_o carry_v away_o for_o slave_n the_o church_n he_o robe_v and_o those_o that_o flee_v he_o stifle_v by_o fire_v all_o the_o house_n around_o they_o after_o which_o march_v about_o the_o country_n he_o drive_v away_o all_o their_o cattle_n but_o upon_o his_o return_n meet_v with_o casimir_n palatine_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi he_o be_v brave_o oppose_v for_o a_o while_n till_o number_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o valour_n and_o he_o entire_o rout_v the_o christian_n near_o soâ—â—aczow_n which_o have_v effect_v he_o return_v peaceable_o into_o his_o country_n this_o vithenes_n have_v a_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n name_v gediminus_n who_o be_v of_o a_o haughty_a and_o ambitious_a temper_n conspire_v together_o with_o the_o great_a duchess_n to_o take_v away_o his_o master_n life_n which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o bring_v about_o and_o have_v marry_v his_o princess_n he_o seize_v upon_o the_o crown_n 1300._o gedeminus_n become_v great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o year_n 1300_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o who_o reign_n the_o prussian_a and_o livonian_a knight_n have_v get_v together_o a_o numerous_a army_n invade_v samogitia_n which_o they_o soon_o overrun_v burn_v and_o destroy_v wherever_o they_o come_v and_o take_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o kunossow_n by_o assault_n wherein_o they_o make_v prisoner_n the_o grand_a general_n of_o lithuania_n the_o year_n follow_v gedeminus_n to_o revenge_v these_o insupportable_a injury_n have_v raise_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n together_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o russian_n and_o tartar_n march_v direct_o against_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n when_o meet_v they_o near_o the_o river_n okmiena_n both_o army_n come_v to_o blow_n and_o so_o continue_v for_o several_a hour_n till_o at_o length_n the_o samogitian_n forsake_v the_o knight_n side_n come_v over_o to_o gedeminus_n who_o strength_n thereby_o be_v great_o augment_v as_o that_o of_o his_o enemy_n weaken_v he_o fall_v furious_o in_o among_o they_o and_o soon_o put_v
they_o to_o flight_n this_o victory_n be_v thus_o lucky_o obtain_v gedeminus_n prosecute_v it_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o prussia_n where_o he_o find_v nothing_o able_a to_o withstand_v he_o except_o only_o the_o two_o castle_n of_o ragneta_n and_o cilza_n but_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o take_v in_o a_o short_a time_n afterward_o have_v make_v a_o miserable_a havoc_n in_o that_o country_n as_o also_o total_o regain_v his_o duchy_n of_o samogitia_n he_o return_v peaceable_o home_o 1304._o in_o the_o year_n 1304_o this_o great_a duke_n have_v a_o quarrel_n with_o some_o of_o the_o russian_a prince_n make_v great_a preparation_n against_o they_o when_o march_v forthwith_o into_o russia_n he_o first_o meet_v and_o fight_v vlodomirus_fw-la duke_n of_o volhynia_n who_o he_o slay_v and_o rout_v his_o whole_a army_n then_o he_o bend_v his_o force_n against_o leo_n duke_n of_o luceoria_n who_o he_o also_o vanquish_v and_o take_v his_o chief_a city_n lutzko_n both_o which_o prince_n be_v thus_o defeat_v make_v he_o absolute_a master_n of_o all_o volhynia_n next_o spring_n be_v tire_v out_o with_o idleness_n he_o carry_v his_o arm_n against_o stanislaus_n duke_n of_o kiovia_n who_o he_o overthrow_v together_o with_o several_a prince_n his_o neighbour_n that_o come_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o this_o victory_n gedeminus_n be_v not_o a_o little_a encourage_v proceed_v and_o take_v most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o russia_n when_o after_o have_v complete_v a_o glorious_a conquest_n he_o return_v triumphant_o into_o his_o own_o country_n afterward_o gedeminus_n go_v to_o hunt_v about_o five_o mile_n beyond_o the_o river_n wilia_n occasional_o build_v a_o castle_n there_o near_o a_o lake_n and_o a_o city_n name_v it_o troki_n whither_o he_o then_o translate_v build_v his_o court_n from_o kicrnow_n after_o this_o in_o the_o year_n 1305_o gedeminus_n go_v a_o hunt_v again_o towards_o the_o east_n after_o various_a fortune_n become_v great_o fatigue_v with_o that_o sport_n whereupon_o night_n draw_v on_o he_o be_v force_v to_o take_v up_o a_o lodging_n upon_o a_o mountain_n then_o call_v krzyunagora_n now_o turzagoria_n or_o lissa_n where_o soon_o fall_v asleep_a he_o dream_v that_o he_o see_v and_o hear_v roar_v a_o huge_a iron_n wolf_n which_o have_v above_o a_o hundred_o wolf_n of_o the_o same_o mettle_n in_o his_o belly_n which_o roar_v likewise_o after_o a_o amaze_a manner_n whereat_o be_v extreme_o fright_v he_o wake_v and_o next_o morning_n put_v this_o dream_n to_o his_o courtier_n to_o expound_v when_o every_o one_o have_v deliver_v his_o opinion_n a_o different_a way_n at_o last_o a_o pagan_a priest_n name_v ledzieiko_n say_v to_o have_v be_v find_v in_o a_o eagles_n nest_n who_o practice_n be_v to_o foretell_v futurity_n expound_v it_o thus_o the_o iron_n wolf_n quoth_v he_o denote_v a_o strong_a city_n and_o the_o other_o wolf_n in_o his_o belly_n a_o formidable_a multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n hereupon_o he_o immediate_o advise_v gedeminus_n to_o build_v a_o fortify_v city_n and_o castle_n there_o whence_o this_o priest_n come_v to_o have_v the_o name_n of_o radzivil_n that_o be_v a_o counsellor_n to_o build_v vilna_n from_o this_o person_n be_v family_n have_v descend_v a_o great_a many_o famous_a hero_n who_o have_v all_o sufficient_o distinguish_v themselves_o both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n gedeminus_n be_v easy_o move_v by_o these_o persuasion_n forthwith_o erect_v two_o castle_n near_o that_o place_n one_o on_o a_o high_a hill_n and_o the_o other_o in_o build_v a_o plain_a add_v moreover_o a_o city_n call_v vilna_n from_o the_o river_n wilia_n run_v by_o it_o which_o be_v now_o very_o populous_a and_o capital_a of_o that_o great_a duchy_n to_o which_o city_n he_o not_o long_o after_o transfer_v his_o residence_n from_o troki_n 1306._o in_o 1306_o the_o lithuanian_n have_v have_v intelligence_n that_o the_o pole_n be_v lull_v in_o sloth_n and_o security_n march_v through_o wood_n and_o by-road_n into_o low_a poland_n where_o they_o burn_v and_o plunder_v kalisch_n with_o several_a other_o city_n and_o town_n kill_v the_o old_a people_n and_o child_n and_o carry_v the_o other_o away_o captive_a the_o same_o year_n henry_n de_fw-fr pleczko_n a_o saxon_a great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n surprise_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o gartin_n in_o samogitia_n and_o put_v all_o the_o lithuanian_n find_v therein_o to_o the_o sword_n they_o likewise_o proceed_v in_o this_o war_n by_o help_n of_o the_o german_n and_o after_o have_v total_o destroy_v the_o district_n of_o karsovin_n return_v with_o great_a number_n of_o spoil_n and_o captive_n into_o prussia_n 1307._o in_o 1307_o the_o lithuanian_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o siradia_n and_o kalisch_n where_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mischief_n they_o sudden_o return_v into_o their_o own_o country_n 1308._o in_o 1308_o olgerdus_n son_n of_o gedeminus_n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o prussia_n where_o he_o make_v havoc_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n wherever_o he_o come_v carrying_z off_z likewise_o great_a booty_n these_o favour_n the_o lithuanian_n and_o prussian_n do_v frequent_o and_o alternative_o for_o one_o another_o within_o the_o space_n of_o few_o year_n in_o 1315_o the_o lithuanian_n surprise_v the_o territory_n 1315._o of_o dobrina_n where_o they_o make_v great_a devastation_n and_o likewise_o take_v the_o city_n of_o that_o name_n and_o burn_v and_o plunder_v it_o in_o 1322_o 1322._o they_o likewise_o enter_v livonia_n lay_v all_o waist_n for_o many_o mile_n together_o in_o the_o same_o year_n in_o wintertime_n david_n starosta_n of_o gartin_n not_o be_v discourage_v by_o cold_a destroy_v that_o country_n up_o as_o far_o as_o raval_n carry_v away_o great_a spoil_n and_o many_o prisoner_n afterward_o in_o the_o same_o winter_n they_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o memel_fw-la and_o also_o enter_v prussia_n and_o kill_v the_o comendador_n of_o capion_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n david_n of_o gartin_n likewise_o invade_v masovia_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o entire_o ruin_v a_o great_a many_o town_n and_o village_n 1323._o in_o 1323_o the_o lithuanian_n come_v clandestine_o upon_o dobrina_n again_o and_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o damage_n there_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n the_o starosta_n of_o gartin_n enter_v masovia_n again_o near_o ploczko_n wherein_o he_o destroy_v and_o burn_v above_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o village_n thirty_o town_n and_o carry_v away_o about_o four_o thousand_o captive_n whilst_o another_o army_n make_v a_o descent_n upon_o livonia_n and_o serve_v that_o country_n after_o the_o like_a manner_n 1325._o in_o 1325_o ann_n daughter_n to_o gedeminus_n marry_v casimir_n son_n to_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o poland_n by_o which_o all_o that_o have_v be_v former_o take_v from_o the_o polander_n be_v restore_v and_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o those_o two_o nation_n afterward_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o fribourg_n belong_v to_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n in_o samogitia_n this_o great_a duke_n gedeminus_n receive_v a_o wound_n with_o a_o arrow_n which_o cost_v death_n he_o his_o life_n this_o prince_n have_v seven_o son_n viz._n montividus_fw-la narimundus_n olgerdus_n keijstutus_n koriatus_n jawnutus_n and_o lubartus_fw-la with_o some_o daughter_n one_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v as_o before_o among_o these_o son_n he_o divide_v his_o dominion_n while_o he_o live_v give_v to_o montividus_fw-la montividus_n his_o elder_a kyernow_n and_o slonim_n with_o the_o territory_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o narimundus_n narimundus_n his_o conquest_n and_o other_o acquisition_n in_o russia_n on_o olgerdus_fw-fr olgerdus_n he_o bestow_v krewo_n and_o all_o from_o thence_o to_o beresina_n to_o keijstutus_n keijstutus_n he_o give_v samogitia_n troki_n witebsko_n etc._n etc._n to_o koriatus_n koriatus_n the_o city_n of_o novogrodec_n with_o its_o territory_n but_o on_o his_o belove_a jawnutus_n jawnutus_n he_o confer_v the_o metropolis_n of_o lithuania_n vilna_n as_o also_o osmian_n and_o braslaw_n together_o with_o the_o supreme_a command_n over_o all_o his_o brother_n dominion_n lubartus_fw-la the_o young_a son_n lubartus_fw-la have_v no_o share_v with_o his_o brother_n because_o by_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n daughter_n in_o his_o father_n life-time_n he_o have_v obtain_v the_o succession_n to_o that_o duchy_n among_o these_o brother_n olgerdus_n and_o keijstutus_n being_n most_o vex_v to_o see_v their_o young_a brother_n jawnutus_n so_o high_o promote_v conspire_v together_o after_o their_o father_n death_n to_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o vilna_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o which_o they_o fix_v a_o certain_a time_n but_o olgerdus_n happen_v then_o to_o be_v absent_a on_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n be_v force_v to_o fail_v of_o his_o appointment_n nevertheless_o keijstutus_n firm_o adhere_v to_o his_o vow_n resolve_v to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n alone_o and_o consequent_o march_v secret_o towards_o vilna_n surprise_v and_o take_v
i_o myself_o command_v for_o near_o ten_o year_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o fourscore_o mile_n from_o vilna_n and_o have_v former_o a_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o orsha_n orsha_n a_o large_a wooden_a city_n defend_v on_o one_o side_n with_o sharp_a and_o strong_a palisado_n and_o on_o the_o other_o by_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n together_o with_o a_o stone_n castle_n wash_v by_o the_o river_n orshicza_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o eighteen_o mile_n from_o witebsko_n mohilow_n mohilow_n a_o very_a large_a market-town_n much_o frequent_v by_o the_o moscovite_n whence_o they_o transmit_v their_o fir_n into_o poland_n and_o germany_n czasniki_n czasniki_n a_o wood-built_a town_n lie_v on_o the_o river_n vla_n sienno_n sienno_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n about_o six_o mile_n from_o czasniki_n leplo_fw-la leplo_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n well_o defend_v situate_a on_o a_o lake_n and_o about_o seven_o mile_n from_o czasniki_n woroniec_fw-la woroniec_fw-la a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n lie_v upon_o the_o river_n vsacza_n and_o about_o three_o mile_n from_o polocz_n vitebsko_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o vitebsko_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n in_o a_o field_n vert._n palatinate_n the_o four_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o minski_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o minski_n and_o borissow_n in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o several_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n minski_n cap._n borissow_n koidanow_n radoskowice_n lohoisko_n swislocz_n bobroisko_n odruczko_n smolniany_n and_o turkow_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v minski_n minski_n a_o large_a timber-built_a city_n with_o a_o double_a wall_n a_o strong_a castle_n and_o a_o very_a deep_a ditch_n with_o other_o fortification_n it_o be_v wash_v by_o a_o river_n that_o turn_v a_o great_a many_o mill_n it_o be_v former_o the_o custom_n in_o russia_n under_o who_o dominion_n this_o palatinate_n be_v when_o this_o city_n be_v build_v to_o fortify_v their_o principal_a town_n with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o two_o castle_n here_o former_o the_o diet_n be_v keep_v alternative_o with_o vilna_n and_o novogrodeck_n borissow_n borissow_n a_o wooden_a town_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n beresina_n which_o have_v a_o castle_n well_o fortify_v it_o lie_v about_o forty_o mile_n from_o vilna_n and_o have_v in_o it_o a_o good_a garrison_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o moscovite_n koidanow_n koidanow_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n about_o twenty_o five_o mile_n from_o vilna_n radoskowice_n radoskowice_n a_o town_n with_o a_o castle_n where_o sigismundus_n augustus_n muster_v above_o 100000_o man_n at_o once_o in_o the_o year_n 1568._o lohoisko_n lohoisko_n a_o town_n and_o castle_n about_o eight_o mile_n from_o borissow_n swislocz_n swislocz_n a_o town_n situate_a upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n bobroisko_n bobroisko_n a_o town_n lie_v on_o the_o river_n beresina_n odruczko_n odruczko_n a_o town_n and_o castle_n which_o former_o give_v name_n to_o a_o duchy_n whereof_o several_a noble_a russian_n have_v the_o title_n minski_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o minski_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o same_o with_o lithuania_n only_o a_o m_n place_v sideways_o palatinate_n the_o five_o palatinate_n of_o lithuanic-russia_n be_v that_o of_o polocz_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o polocz_n and_o vsacz_n in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n polocz_n cap._n vsacz_n or_o vsalza_n disna_n drissa_n druha_n starzitia_n and_o volisia_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v polocz_n polocz_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n duna_n or_o dwina_n it_o be_v former_o a_o city_n very_o considerable_a but_o in_o the_o year_n 1562_o john_n basilowitz_n great_a duke_n of_o moscovy_n take_v it_o and_o carry_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n away_o prisoner_n this_o place_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o moscovite_n to_o the_o year_n 1579_o when_o stephen_n batori_fw-mi recover_v it_o together_o with_o its_o whole_a territory_n it_o be_v former_o a_o duchy_n and_o subject_n only_o to_o its_o own_o prince_n here_o at_o present_a reside_v a_o russian_a prelate_n the_o jesuit_n also_o have_v a_o very_a fair_a foundation_n in_o this_o city_n build_v and_o endow_v by_o stephen_n batori_n usacz_n vsacz_n distant_a about_o three_o polish_v miles_n from_o polocz_n and_o situate_v on_o a_o river_n of_o its_o own_o name_n disna_n disna_n build_v on_o the_o duna_n and_o tolerable_o fortify_v it_o lie_v about_o six_o mile_n from_o polocz_n and_o forty_o from_o vilna_n druha_n druha_n upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n polocz_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o polocz_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n with_o a_o p_o â—_o sideways_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o coat_n have_v thus_o sir_n describe_v to_o you_o the_o present_a extent_n and_o chief_a town_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n it_o will_v seem_v requisite_a as_o usual_a to_o give_v you_o a_o particular_a character_n of_o this_o nation_n but_o have_v a_o design_n to_o proceed_v to_o a_o second_o volume_n of_o this_o undertake_n where_o i_o will_v examine_v into_o the_o genius_n manner_n and_o custom_n of_o both_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n at_o present_a i_o can_v only_o take_v notice_n that_o to_o jagellâ—â—'s_n time_n be_v the_o fourteen_o the_o century_n the_o lithuanian_a be_v pagan_n and_o worship_v many_o god_n or_o rather_o devil_n first_o they_o pay_v divine_a adoration_n to_o fire_n which_o they_o call_v in_o their_o language_n znicz_n signify_v sacred_a and_o keep_v it_o always_o alight_v in_o some_o of_o their_o most_o famous_a to_n for_o thiâ—â—_n end_n they_o assign_v several_a priest_n by_o who_o neglect_n or_o otherwise_o if_o ever_o it_o come_v to_o be_v extinguish_v they_o be_v immediate_o behead_v next_o they_o worship_v thunder_n call_z it_o in_o the_o sclavonian_a tongue_n perunum_n also_o they_o have_v divers_a grove_n where_o they_o pray_v to_o tall_a straight_a tree_n which_o they_o hold_v it_o sacrilege_n but_o to_o touch_v the_o devil_n or_o rather_o the_o cunning_a priest_n it_o seem_v be_v so_o politic_a in_o those_o day_n as_o to_o promote_v all_o these_o superstition_n by_o frightning_n these_o idolater_n when_o they_o offer_v in_o the_o least_o to_o forsake_v they_o when_o the_o sky_n be_v cloud_v they_o be_v of_o opinion_n the_o sun_n be_v angry_a with_o they_o and_o therefore_o use_v their_o utmost_a art_n to_o appease_v he_o by_o prayer_n music_n etc._n etc._n they_o likewise_o believe_v serpent_n to_o be_v god_n which_o be_v their_o lares_fw-la or_o domestic_a deity_n and_o therefore_o each_o family_n keep_v one_o in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o daily_o sacrifice_v milk_n fowl_n and_o the_o like_a and_o one_o of_o which_o if_o they_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n to_o offend_v they_o look_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v a_o omen_n of_o destruction_n to_o their_o whole_a progeny_n they_o have_v also_o a_o set_a time_n appoint_v for_o a_o solemn_a sacrifice_n be_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n when_o together_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n they_o feast_v riotous_o for_o three_o day_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o in_o samogitia_n upon_o their_o return_n from_o the_o war_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o sacrifice_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a of_o their_o captive_n with_o all_o their_o booty_n to_o the_o fire_n they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a with_o all_o their_o rich_a ornament_n on_o which_o they_o wear_v whilst_o live_v together_o with_o one_o of_o their_o most_o faithful_a servant_n their_o horse_n arm_n dog_n etc._n etc._n whilst_o all_o their_o relation_n and_o friend_n bring_v milk_n honey_n beer_n and_o the_o like_a and_o merry_o feast_v and_o dance_v about_o their_o funeral-pile_n to_o music_n of_o various_a kind_n all_o these_o pagan_a superstition_n and_o error_n jagello_n after_o he_o become_v christian_a in_o great_a measure_n abolish_v to_o effect_v which_o he_o together_o with_o his_o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n a_o vast_a number_n of_o priest_n and_o several_a other_o learned_a man_n go_v into_o lithuania_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o lent_n in_o the_o year_n 1387_o where_o at_o vilna_n he_o first_o cause_v the_o sacred_a fire_n to_o be_v extinguish_v and_o the_o place_n wherein_o it_o be_v keep_v to_o be_v convert_v into_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n then_o he_o proceed_v to_o kill_v the_o serpent_n cut_v down_o the_o grove_n pull_v down_o their_o altar_n and_o the_o like_a which_o the_o poor_a bigoted_a lithuanian_n wonder_v at_o cry_v
play_v under_o the_o penthouse_n before_o the_o nunnery_n gate_n his_o age_n as_o well_o as_o i_o remember_v i_o guess_v to_o be_v about_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o come_v near_o he_o he_o leap_v towards_o i_o as_o if_o surprise_v and_o please_v with_o my_o habit._n first_o be_v catch_v one_o of_o my_o silver_n button_n in_o his_o hand_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o eagerness_n which_o he_o hold_v up_o to_o his_o nose_n to_o smell_v afterward_o he_o leap_v all_o of_o a_o sudden_a into_o a_o corner_n where_o he_o make_v a_o strange_a sort_n of_o noise_n not_o unlike_a to_o howl_v i_o go_v into_o the_o house_n where_o a_o maidservant_n inform_v i_o more_o particular_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o be_v take_v but_o have_v not_o with_o i_o the_o book_n wherein_o i_o write_v my_o observation_n in_o my_o travel_n i_o can_v possible_o give_v you_o a_o exact_a account_n of_o it_o this_o maid_n call_v the_o boy_n in_o and_o show_v he_o a_o good_a large_a piece_n of_o bread_n which_o when_o he_o see_v he_o immediate_o leap_v upon_o a_o bench_n that_o be_v join_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o room_n where_o he_o walk_v about_o upon_o all-four_a after_o which_o he_o raise_v himself_o upright_o with_o a_o great_a spring_n and_o take_v the_o bread_n in_o his_o two_o hand_n put_v it_o up_o to_o his_o nose_n and_o afterward_o leap_v off_o from_o the_o bench_n upon_o the_o ground_n make_v the_o same_o odd_a sort_n of_o noise_n as_o before_o i_o be_v tell_v that_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o bring_v to_o speak_v but_o that_o they_o hope_v in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o will_v have_v his_o hear_v good_a he_o have_v some_o scar_n on_o his_o face_n which_o be_v common_o think_v to_o be_v scratch_n of_o the_o bear_n thus_o sir_n you_o have_v all_o that_o i_o can_v remember_v of_o a_o curiosity_n which_o i_o see_v so_o long_a time_n since_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o no_o body_n ought_v to_o question_v since_o there_o be_v several_a parallel_n example_n in_o history_n and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v in_o this_o country_n that_o whenas_o the_o tartar_n make_v frequent_a incursion_n there_o which_o they_o perform_v with_o such_o extraordinary_a swiftness_n that_o they_o can_v overrun_v great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n their_o horse_n be_v able_a to_o travel_v a_o whole_a day_n together_o without_o draw_v bit_n be_v arrive_v at_o the_o propose_a place_n they_o immediate_o quarter_v themselves_o in_o a_o great_a circle_n whereby_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o net_n they_o take_v all_o that_o come_v within_o their_o clutch_n and_o carry_v they_o into_o slavery_n so_o that_o either_o the_o man_n or_o woman_n find_v themselves_o thus_o ensnare_v and_o endeavour_v to_o escape_v have_v oftentimes_o not_o leisure_n to_o take_v care_n of_o their_o infant_n and_o therefore_o probable_o this_o boy_n may_v have_v be_v leave_v behind_o after_o the_o like_a manner_n and_o find_v and_o bear_v away_o by_o the_o bear_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n both_o in_o lithuania_n and_o poland_n i_o be_o sorry_a sir_n i_o can_v give_v you_o a_o more_o satisfactory_a account_n of_o this_o matter_n but_o i_o hope_v this_o will_v suffice_v for_o a_o testimony_n of_o my_o good_a will_n and_o to_o assure_v you_o that_o i_o be_o jan._n 1._o 1697_o 8._o sir_n your_o most_o affectionate_a servant_n j._n p._n van_fw-mi den_fw-mi brande_n de_fw-fr cleverskerk_n for_o another_o confirmation_n of_o this_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o have_v the_o testimony_n of_o a_o authentic_a author_n m._n christopher_n hartknoch_n of_o passenheim_n in_o ducal_z prussia_n who_o write_v two_o book_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n he_o say_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o there_o happen_v a_o accident_n which_o perhaps_o may_v hardly_o be_v credit_v by_o posterity_n which_o be_v that_o there_o be_v then_o two_o boy_n find_v by_o a_o company_n of_o soldier_n among_o the_o bear_n in_o the_o wood_n near_o grodna_n one_o of_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o see_v the_o bear_v assault_v flee_v into_o the_o neighbour_a morass_n whilst_o the_o other_o endeavour_v likewise_o to_o escape_v be_v take_v by_o the_o soldier_n and_o bring_v to_o warsaw_n where_o he_o be_v afterward_o christen_v by_o the_o name_n of_o joseph_n he_o be_v about_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o year_n old_a as_o may_v be_v guest_n by_o his_o height_n but_o his_o manner_n be_v altogether_o bestial_a for_o he_o not_o only_o feed_v upon_o raw_a flesh_n wild_a honey_n crab-apple_n and_o such_o like_a dainty_n which_o bear_n be_v use_v to_o feast_v with_o but_o also_o go_v like_o they_o upon_o all-four_a after_o his_o baptism_n he_o be_v not_o teach_v to_o go_v upright_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n and_o there_o be_v less_o hope_n of_o ever_o make_v he_o learn_v the_o polish_v language_n for_o he_o always_o continue_v to_o express_v his_o mind_n in_o a_o kind_n of_o bear-like_o tone_n some_o time_n after_o king_n casimir_n make_v a_o present_a of_o he_o to_o peter_n adam_n opalinski_n vice-chamberlain_n of_o posnan_n by_o who_o he_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o office_n of_o his_o kitchen_n as_o to_o carry_v wood_n water_n etc._n etc._n but_o yet_o can_v he_o never_o be_v bring_v to_o relinquish_v his_o native_a wildness_n which_o he_o retain_v to_o his_o dying-day_n for_o he_o will_v often_o go_v into_o the_o wood_n among_o the_o bear_n and_o free_o keep_v company_n with_o they_o without_o any_o fear_n or_o harm_v do_v he_o be_v as_o be_v suppose_v constant_o acknowledge_v for_o their_o fosterling_n i_o may_v here_o sir_n give_v you_o several_a other_o account_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o i_o have_v relate_v to_o i_o when_o i_o be_v in_o poland_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v mr._n gibson_n a_o parliament-man_n have_v former_o see_v some_o other_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o that_o kingdom_n but_o by_o what_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v i_o believe_v you_o will_v be_v sufficient_o convince_v that_o the_o history_n of_o romulus_n and_o remus_n be_v not_o so_o fabulous_a as_o it_o be_v general_o conjecture_v to_o be_v and_o as_o i_o think_v myself_o it_o be_v before_o i_o have_v be_v in_o this_o country_n for_o consider_v that_o brute_n since_o philosopher_n and_o divine_n will_v allow_v they_o no_o rational_a soul_n breed_v up_o their_o young_a mere_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a instinct_n or_o sympathy_n which_o i_o need_v not_o describe_v here_o i_o see_v no_o improbability_n why_o they_o may_v not_o likewise_o bring_v up_o those_o of_o another_o kind_a as_o we_o have_v several_a instance_n daily_o but_o i_o will_v not_o insist_v long_o upon_o these_o philosophical_a matter_n nor_o examine_v here_o whether_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n refute_v or_o establish_v innate_a idea_n as_o i_o have_v do_v in_o my_o medicina_fw-la mystica_fw-la but_o will_v conclude_v sir_n your_o very_a obedient_a servant_n b._n c._n a_o chronological_a table_n of_o the_o succession_n reign_v and_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n governor_n prince_n and_o king_n of_o poland_n together_o with_o a_o exact_a reference_n to_o the_o page_n where_o they_o be_v treat_v of_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr began_n his_o reign_n reign_v year_n dved_a a._n d._n pag._n i._o lechus_n i._o 550_o uncertain_a 10_o ii_o visimirus_n guagnini_n only_a mention_n iii_o xii_o woievod_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr depose_v 12_o iu._n cracus_n 700_o ib._n v._o lechus_n ii_o 13_o vi._n venda_n 750_o ib._n vii_o xii_o woievod_n depose_v 14_o viii_o lescus_n i._o 760_o 16_o 776_o ib._n ix_o lescus_n ii_o 776_o 28_o 804_o 16_o x._o lescus_n iii_o 804_o 6_o 810_o ib._n xi_o popiel_n i._o 810_o 5_o 815_o ib._n xii_o popiel_n ii_o 815_o 15_o 830_o ib._n xiii_o piastus_n 830_o 31_o 861_o 21_o fourteen_o ziemovitus_n 861_o 31_o 892_o 23_o xv._n lescus_n iu._n 892_o 21_o 913_o ib._n xvi_o ziemovistus_n 913_o 51_o 964_o ib._n xvii_o miecislaus_fw-la i._o 964_o 35_o 999_o 24_o xviii_o boleslaus_n chroby_n 999_o 26_o 1025_o 26_o xix_o miecislaus_fw-la ii_o 1025_o 9_o 1034_o ib._n xx._n casimir_n i._o 1034_o 25_o 1059_o 27_o xxi_o boleslaus_n ii_o 1059_o 23_o 1082_o 29_o xxii_o vladislaus_n hermannus_n 1082_o 21_o 1103_o 30_o xxiii_o boleslaus_n iii_o 1103_o 37_o 1140_o 31_o xxiv_o vladislaus_n sputator_n 1140_o 6_o 1146_o 33_o xxv_o boleslaus_n crispus_n 1146_o 28_o 1174_o 35_o xxvi_o miecislaus_fw-la iii_o 1174_o 4_o 1178_o 36_o xxvii_o casimir_n ii_o 1178_o 17_o 1195_o 37_o xxviii_o lescus_n v._o 1195_o 8_o 1203_o 39_o xxix_o vladislaus_n lasconogus_n 1203_o 3_o 1206_o 42_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr began_n his_o reign_n reign_v year_n die_v a._n d._n pag._n xxx_o lescus_n v._o reestablish_v 1206_o 22_o 1228_o ib._n xxxi_o boleslaus_n v._o 1228_o 51_o 1279_o 43_o xxxii_o lescus_n niger_n 1279_o 11_o