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prince_n	duke_n	king_n	palatine_n	4,111	5	12.5739	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A62158	The civil wars of Spain in the beginning of the reign of Charls [sic] the 5t, Emperor of Germanie and King of that nation written originally in the Spanish-tongue by Prudencio de Sandoval ... ; never yet translated, now put into English by Captain J.W.; Historia de la vida y hechos del Emperador Carlos V. English. Selections	Sandoval, Prudencio de, ca. 1560-1620.; Wadsworth, James, 1604-1656?; Howell, James, 1594?-1666.	1652 (1652)	Wing S664; ESTC R30544	277,685	398

the Earl of Aranda answered the Earl of Venavente in such harsh and bitter tearms that all the Palace and the Grandees of the Court were com almost to daggers drawing So that the King had much to do to pacifie them commanding everie one of them to repair to their own houses and not to stir abroad upon pain of death But his Commands were not fully obeied that time for night beeing com divers of both parties met in the streets and manie of them were sore wounded and questionless the dispute had been more bloudie if the Arch-Bishop had not left his supper and com out with other Noblemen to part them The next daie the King made the Earls of Venavente and Aranda friends which don the Aragoneses were brought to reason and beeing willing to conform themselvs with the Castillians they took the same Oath and acknowleged the King to bee their King and Lord jointly with Donnia Iuana the Queen his mother as had been don in Castillia SECT VIII IN the beginning of the year 1519 the Parlament of Aragon beeing ended the King went to visite his Dominions of Barcelona and would have don the like in the Kingdom of Valencia if his occasions had permitted Beeing at Barcelona news was brought him that Maximilian the ●mperor his Grandfather died at Belsis the 12th of Januarie 1519 whereat hee was not a little troubled all the Court was forthwith put into mourning and his Obsequies celebrated with very great solemnitie according to the honor and greatness of his person who was one of the most virtuous and wel-deserving Emperors that ever had command in Germanie hee was of a most noble and generous disposition pious and valiant The ten first years of his age hee could make no use at all of his tongue insomuch that the Emperor Frederick his father thought hee would bee dumb or a fool But coming to mature years hee gave great evidences of very rich endowments of his soul. Hee died of a Flux in the sixtie third year of his age having governed the Empire twentie five years after his Father 's deceas Francis the First of France stood in competition with Don Carles for the succession to the Imperial Crown and left no waie unattempted to corrupt the El●ctors and make them of his partie But the major part after manie long and serious debates thinking it more fit to continue that Dignitie to the Hous of Austria who were Natives of that Countrie then to transfer it upon a strange Prince made the election in favor of Don Carles King of Spain to the great contentment of all Princes and people of Germamie The Electors of the sacred Empire at that time were Alberto Archbishop of Maguncia or M●ntz Hertnao Archbishop of Colonia Ricardo Archbishop of Tr●ues Frederico Duke of Saxonia Lewis King of Bohemia and Hungaria Ioachim Marquis of Brandeburg Lewis Count Palatine of the Rhyne The Election beeing past in Franckfort and published all over Germanie the Electors sent Frederick Duke of Baviers into Spain to his Majestie in mean time they ordered all matters concerning the Empire and made Casimire of Brandeburg Captain General of the Imperial forces until the new Emperor should com to receiv his Crown Whilst these things passed in Germanie the King celebrated in Barcelona the feast of the Order of the golden Fleece there the Lord high Counstable of Castillia Don Innigo de Velasco Don Iadrique de Toledo Duke of Alva Don Alvaro de Zunniga Duke of Vejar Don Fadrique Enriquez Lord Admiral of Castilla Don Estavan Alvarez Cesorio Marquis of Astorga received the Order But the Earl of Venavente refused it saying that hee was a right Castillian and cared not for anie badges of foreign honor those of his own Count●ie beeing as good and in his opinion far better The Duke of Cordona in the Kingdom of A●agon and the Prince of Bis●●gnano a Neapolit●ne stood not upon those nice tearms but accepted the Order as a particular favor from his Majestie About the same time the Queen Germana finding more contentment in the Companie of a Husband then in the solitarie condition of a widow was married with great solemnitie to the Marquis of Brandeburg brother to the Elector who though of a very illustrious extraction was so incomparably inferior to the Majestie and greatness of her former husband Don Fernando that her judgment was much censured for her chois and the Courtiers thought so slightly of her that divers would not give her the style of Highness until his Majestie commanded it who assisted personally at the solemnitie thinking thereby to endeer th● Elector of Brandenburg the more to vote in his behalf At the beginning of Julie in the same year arrived at Barcelona Frederick Duke of Baviers brother to Lewis Duke of Baviers Elector and Count Palatine with the dispatches from the Electors and having delivered his embassage the Chancellor Mercurino de Gatinara answered that his Majestie did receiv very willingly the ●lection of the Empire which the seven Princes Electors had conferred upon him that hee would take that weightie and honorable care upon himself out of the great affection which hee bore his native Countrie and that hee would endeavor with all convenient speed to settle his affairs in Spain and make a voiage into Germanie Thus the Empire beeing setled upon Don Carles of Spain and the King of France deprived of all his hopes notwithstanding the vast summs of monie and presents wherewith hee thought to purchase the Elector's Votes his envie and choler grew beyond the bounds of moderation and hee resolved forthwith to act what mischief hee could and interess the power of all other Princes his Allies against the Emperor Elect. SECT IX WHilest the King or Emperor Elect was at Barcelona hee demanded the Catalanes to receiv and acknowledg him their King which they refused for a while neither would they consent that hee should call anie Parlamemt in their Countrie but at last they were perswaded to reason and swore Alleageance to him as Castillia and Aragon had don The Emperor upon notice of his Election and solicitation of the Princes of Germanie for his going hither had not the leisure to visit the Kingdom of Valencia as hee intended therefore hee desired that those of that Kingdom would swear and acknowledg him King without obliging him to bee personally present in regard it was imposslble for him to perform that journie at that time by reason of his new and unexspected occasions which called him another waie But they would not hearken to anie such motion and scornfully made answer that they were as good as Aragoneses or Catalanes and since hee had spent two years time in those Countries why could not hee staie two moneths at Valencia The Emperor beeing readie to depart from Barcelona sent Cardinal Adriano to Valencia to pacifie that Kingdom and gave Commission to the Infante Don Enrique and the Arch-Bishop of

the over-flowing of the River besides the unseasonableness of the weather enforced them to repair into their Winter-quarters But the Spring following they took the field again and marched near fortie thousand strong toward Paris spoiling and burning without mercie as they went which put the Parisians to a terrible fright At the same time the Lord High Admiral of France entred into Lombardie with an Armie of above fiftie thousand Combatants But the Venetians beeing joined with the Imperialists recovered all the places which they had gotten and drove them quite out of Italie Not long after the King of France came himself into Lombardie at the head of another mighty Armie thinking to carrie all before him but before the Citie of Pavia where hee had pitched his Camp his forces were all routed by the Marquis of Pescara General of the Imperialists and hee taken prisoner his Hors beeing kill'd under him The Prince of Navarra was likewise taken and committed prisoner to the Castle of Pavia whence hee made his escape the Prince of Scotland was kill'd barbarously by a Countrie-fellow to whom hee had discovered himself and promised a great reward to conduct him safe to Vigeven where his Train and Baggage was which fellow coming to relate to the Marquis his exploit exspecting som recompence hee commanded to give him a halter for his news and hee was hanged presently Divers other Noblemen and persons of qualitie were taken and many killed in that expedition The King after som time was carried into Spain by Don Carlos de Lanoy Vice-Roy of Naples upon his earnest request hoping to make his conditions the better with the Emperor if hee could speak with him himself Hee continued a Prisoner a year and upwards after which time hee was released upon Articles betwixt him and the Emperor whereof one principal was That hee should marrie the Emperor's sister Don̄a Leonor widow to Don Manuel King of Portugal and restore the Dukedom of Burgundie to the Hous of Austria for performance of their agreement his two eldest sons viz Francis the Dolfin and Henrie Duke of Orleans were at the same time as hee was set into France delivered as Pledges to the Spaniards But beeing in his own Countrie whether by persuasion of ill Counsellors or thi●king the conditions too unreasonable and hee not obliged to make good his promise having been forced thereunto in his imprisonment hee sent the Arch-Bishop of Bourdeaux to the Emperors Court requiring him in regard it was not in his power to give away any part of his Countrie that hee would give his children their enlargement upon any reasonable ransom Which Embassage the Emperor with great indignation answered thus briefly That if the King of France could not perform the conditions as hee pretended yet desired to have his Sons at libertie hee should com back and take their places which was in his power to do and hee had promised by oath otherwise hee must not exspect to have his children so soon released Hereupon the French King giving waie to his vindicative passion left no means unattempted to incite the other Christian Princes to wage War in his favor against the Emperor And after som time having drawn Henrie the 8th of England to his Partie who had som other pretences to quarrel with the Emperor they both sent their Kings a● Arms with Letters of defiance to him into Spain and gave order to their Embassadors to return and leav his Court. Whereupon their private animosities broke out into a publick War which for a time continued more fierce and bloodie then the former but at last their differences were composed and an happie peace concluded between those two potent Princes by the no less ingenious then industrious endeavors of the most excellent Princesses Don̄a Margarita Arch-Dutchess of Austria Aunt to his Imperial Majestie and Madama Luysa Dutchess of Angulema and Anjou widow to the Duke of Sav●y and Mother to the King of France Upon which agreement the young Princes were released after almost four years close imprisonment their Father sending for their ransom two millions of Crowns of Gold which summe of monie was put into one boat and they into another at Fuente Ravia with the like diffidence and ceremonie as was used when the King their father was exchanged for them At the same time Don̄a Leonor the Emperor's sister passed into France according to the Articles who was married by the Cardinal of Tournon to the French King with great solemnitie and expressions of joie Anno 1530. This Peace continued not long for Francis King of France who in all other Princely qualities and ornaments was rather surpassing then at all inferior to any of his Cotemporaries beeing transported with an insatiable ambition and envying the Emperor's greatness gave several meetings at Boloigne and Calis to Henrie King of England who having shook hands with Conscience and Religion and repudiated Queen Katharine Charls the Fifth's Aunt thinking the Emperor would som waie express his discontent and shew himself sensible of so great●an affront resolved to give him further occasion of distaste And there they conspired to suscitate the Lutherans in Germanie and rais new factions in Italie against him and under hand they encouraged the Danes to rise up in Arms against their King Christian whom pretending a Truce and a desire to make an Accommodation with him they surprised hee not suspecting their treacherie and imprisoned him in the Castle of Sundiburgi in Holsatia where hee miserably ended his daies The said Princes had no other ground for this p●ece of malice but onely in relation to the Emperor becaus Christian was his friend and Allie having married his sister Ysabella and not content herewith at length finding fit opportunities they again declared open War against him the transactions and events whereof shal bee exactly represented in the Succeeding Book FINIS The birth of the Emperor Charls the Fift His title beeing a Child Anno 1501. Philip the 〈◊〉 ●w●rn P●i●ce of Sp●in The b●rth of ●he I●fante F●rdinand Anno 1505. The death of Isabel Queen of Spain Ferdinand's design to get the Kingdom of Castilia to himself The death ●f Phil●p the Fair Duke of Burgu●die an● A●●●-Duke of Aust●i● An old woman's Prophecie of him What Children Hee left The manner of King Ferdinand's death Dispute about the Government of the Kingdom Resolute car●iage and answer of Cardinal Ximene● to the Nobles o● Spain Charls the Fi●●'s coming into Spain C●rdinal Xim●●es buried at Alcala anno 1517. Som were of opinion that hee was poisoned Charls the Fift's age when hee was received into Spain His Disposition Who Xeures was Differe●ces about the acknowledging of Cha●ls King of Spain The form of swearing Allegeance to him The Oath 〈◊〉 took 34 M●●auediz make 6d. A Du●ket make's 5● 6d. The Infante's dis●on●e●tment Charls the Fift received at Saragosa 1518. The Castillians and Aragoneses distasted Gatinara made Lord Chancellor of Spain Demands of the

the reputation of him whose chief aim in this labor was to procure you both profit and pleasure as beeing Your affectionate Servant J. W. THE CIVIL WARS OF SPAIN THE FIRST BOOK SECT I. IN the year of our LORD 1500 which was according to the Hebrew account five thousand four hundred sixtie and one years after the Creation of the World from the Universal Deluge three thousand eight hundred and five from the Coming of Tubal to inhabit and people the then desolate Countrie of Spain three thousand six hundred sixtie and three from the Conquest of Cesar one thousand five hundred thirtie and eight from the Entrie of the Goths into Spain one thousand eightie and six and lastly from the Dominion of the Moors in that Countrie seven hundred eightie and six years Alexander the sixth then beeing Pope of Rome The Christian King Don Fernando and Donnia Isabel having reigned twentie seven years converted the Mezquitas or Moorish temples into Ch●istian Churches and purged the whole Kingdom of Paganism and Jewish Cerimonies beeing also the year of Iubilee at Rome for their comfort and to drie up the tears which sorrowful Spain ceased not to shed for the decea● of t●eir Prince Don Iuan or Io●n onely Son to the Cathol●●k King and Donnia Isabel his Queen and ●he Infanta Donnia Isabel their eldest Daughter who was married to Don Iuan or Iohn the Second King of Portugal in the Citie of Gant upon the Apostle ● t Matthias his daie beeing mundaie 25 Feb●uarie was born Charls the fift Emperor and King of Spain begotten by Don Philip or Philip surnamed El Hermoso or the fair Arch-Duke of Austria on to the Emperor Maximilian the First and Donnia Ma●ia sole daughter and heir to Charls Duke of Burgundie who had for her por●ion besides the said Dutchie of Burgundie the Dukedom of Brabant Flanders Limbourg Haynaut H●lland Artois Zealand and Cueldres with other places thereunto belonging and Donnia Iuana second daughter to the fore-na●ed Don Fernando and Isabel. The Prince Don Miguel de la paz son to Don Iuan of Portugal and Don Fernandos eldest Daughter Isabel who by the right of his mother was to inherite the Crown of Castilla was yet living when Charls the Fift came first into the World the news of whose birth with the particulars of the place and time beeing carried into Spain his grandmother Donnia Isabel I know not by what prophetick spirit presently said Cecidit sors super Matt●iam meaning that the succession of those Kingdoms should fall upon Charls who was born upon that Saint's daie as it did and hee became the most potent Prince of the Christian World For Don Miguel de la paz dying in Julie following in the same year 1500 the inheritance of the Crowns of Spain descended to Donnia Iuana mother to the fortunate Prince Don Charls or Charls then bearing the title of Duke of Luxembourg SECT II. IN the year 1501 the Catholick Queen Don●ia Isabel of Castilia beeing fallen into a langu●shing diseas and past hopes of ●ecoverie shee desired to see Don Philip and Donnia Iuana ●er daughter before her deceas Whereupon they took their waie through France where they were received and feasted in a Princely manner by King Lewis the Twelfth who treated with them concerning the marriage of his Daughter Claudia to their son Charls One of the Articles was That in case the said marriage should not bee consummated t●rough anie default of the said King of France the Emperor should invest and settle the Dukedom of Milan upon their son Don Carl●s Duke of Luxembourg And it so happened afterwards that the said match was broken off by t●e ●aid King Lewis which is a great Plea for the Crown of Spain against the Kings of France in the pretention of Milan Beeing arrived at Toledo where the Catholick King and Queen exspected them on Sundaie 22 Maie in the Cathedral Church they were s●orn Princes of Castilia and Leon Don Fernando and Donnia Isabel assisting at the Ceremonie with the Cardinal Don Diego Hurta●o de Mendosa Don Fray Francisco de Xmenez Archb●shop of Toledo Don Bernardino de Valas●o Lord h●gh Constable of Castilia and Leon the Duke del Infantad● Duke of Alva Duke of Bejar Duke of Alburquerque and a mul●itude of other noblemen after which solemnitie the King went to Saragosa and the Queen with her Daughter and Don Philip went to Torisos Fuens●lida Cas● Rubios and the●ce to Madrid from whence after ●om time Donnia Iuana went to Alcala de Hena●es where shee was brought to bed of the Infante Don Ferdinando or Ferdinand hee was baptized with exceeding great solemnitie by the Arch Bishop of Tol●do the Duke of Naxara and the Earl of Villena were his Godfathers and Madame de Luin his Godmother Which Ceremonie beeing past and Donnia Iuana throughly recovered shee and her husband whose presence was most earnestly desired in Flanders repaired both thither by the waie of France And beeing at the Citie of Lyons hee concluded the Peace betwixt his father Maximilian the Emperor Don Fernando King of Spain and Lewis the French King who again moved him about marrying the Duke of Luxembourg with his daughter Clavia who was to inherit the Dukedom of Britanie yet hee was the first occasion of breaking that agreement SECT III. IN the year 1505 a Parlament beeing call'd at the Citie of Toro in presence of the King Don Fernando with all the Grandees of the Kingdom and the Commissioners or Burgesses Donnia Isabel the Queen beeing deceased at Medina del Campo the Princess Donnia Iuana then beeing in Flanders was decla●ed Queen of Castilia and Leon and her son Don Carles heir and successor after her to those Kingdoms which pacified divers turbulent ●pirits and stopt the current of manie troubles and mischiefs that was like to overflow that Countrie This news was brought to Donnia Iuana then newly brought to bed of the Infanta Donnia Maria who was afterward married to the unfortunate King of Bohemia Lewis son to Uladislaus after whose death shee was Governess of Flanders for manie years and proved nothing inferior to her Brother in courage and other princely endowments onely shee was a woman Don Philip remaining still in Flanders with his Queen there grew such differences betwixt him and Don Fernando that finding an advantage in their absence Don Fernando sent Don Rodrigo Manrique his Embassador to the King of Portugal desiring him to give in marriage La Excelente otherwise called La V●ltraneja thinking by virtue of her right and his powerful assistance to oppose Don Philip and make himself King of Castillia which argued no less weakness then Ambition in the Catholick King But the King of Portugal was so discreet as not to satisfie his desires a●d although hee had given his consent La Veltraneja would never have condescended thereunto for besides that shee was well stricken in years shee was altogether given to her devotion and valued not

the vanitie of anie earthly Crowns Having received this repuls hee agreed with Lewis King of France that hee should make the match betwixt him and Madam Germana daughter to Gaston de Foix and to the said French King's sister which was concluded upon this condition That King Lewis in stead of her Dowrie should grant and pass over to Don Fernando the right which hee pretended to the kingdom of Naples and that if the Queen should die before him without issue hee should succeed and inherit the same title but if shee should survive Don Fernando that Lewis should repossess the said claim These Articles beeing confirmed they made a Peace betwixt France and Spain for a hundred and one years but it scarce continued so manie weeks and Don Iuan de Silva Earl of Cifuentes with the Vice-Chancellor of Aragon went into France to attend and conduct her Majestie into Castillia SECT IV. THe Castillians in mean time beeing very desirous to have their Natural Sovereign amongst them importuned by frequent messages and invitations Donnia Iuana and her husband to return and bring their Children with them into Spain Whereupon Don Philip having provided a Fleet for the purpose they departed Flanders leaving the Prince Don Carles under the care and tuition of the Emperor Maximiliano and Donnia Margarita widdow to the Duke of Savoye and at last though tossed with much storm and tempests by the waie they landed safe at the Groyne in Galicia Don Fernando hearing of their arrival went to meet them betwixt La Puebla de Sanabria and Asturianos This interview occasioned no small discontent betwixt these Princes for Kings will admit of no competitors or Companions no not of their own ch●ldren in matters of Government and Command Whereupon Don Fernando forsaken by all but onely the Duke of Alva and the Earl of Altamira with som few others took his waie to Villafafila and Tordesillas and King Philip with his Queen to Venauente attended by all the Nobles and flower of Castillia besides strangers to the number of above two thousand hors One caus of their discord was about the title and inscription of Commissions Patents and other dispatches Roial which at last was determined and agreed that all things should pass in the names of Don Fernando Don Philip and Donnia Iuana But this style was soon altered by the unexspected d●ath of Don Philip which hapned at Burges hee had but seven daies of sickness which was thought to bee a surfeit and past from this life to the eternal on fridaie the fifth of September anno●●0● ●●0● beeing aged but twentie eight years and having enjoied the Kingdom of Castillia a year and ten moneths lacking one daie hee commanded that his heart should bee carried to Bruxels his bodie to Granada and his bowels to remain there His death was much lamented by the Emperor his Father for besides that hee was his onely son hee was one of the handsomest men of his time therefore hee was called Philip the Fair and the nobleness of his minde was answerable to the feature of his bodie Donnia Iuana his Queen was so sensible of his loss that with the extremitie of sorrow and her incessant weeping shee became in a manner distracted An old woman in Galicia seeing him at his landing and beeing told who hee was said That hee should bee a longer time and travel more leagues in Castillia beeing dead then living which proved so for the Queen carried his bodie with her from place to place and would not suffer it to bee buried for manie years after Hee left two sons Don Carles and Don Fernando both Emperors and three daughters all mightie Queens Donnia Leonor first reigned in Portugal and afterwards was married to the King of France Donnia Catalina was wife to Don Iohn the Third King of Portugal Aunt and Mother-in-law to Philip the Second of Spain And Donnia Maria had for her husband Lewis King of Bohemia and Hungaria SECT V. IN mean time Don Fernando beeing married to the Queen Germana and distasted in Castillia retired himself into Aragon from thence beeing upon his ●ournie to Naples the Castilli●ns gave him notice of Don Philip's death and of the neces●itie that there was of his Roial presence but hee refused to return beeing incensed against som of them for their ingratitude to him By the death of Don Philip and the absence of King Fernando divers tumults and seditions arose in the kingdom the people refusing to obeie the Magistrates and Officers of Justice and the Nobles wanted not factions and partialities amongst them to trouble and disquiet the Countrie and almost everie Citie throughout the Kingdom was infected with the same contagion Som crying up Charls or Don Carles others Fernando no small number stood for Maximiliano but verie few made anie mention of Donnia Iuana who whether out of a sens of her own disabilitie or overcom with melancholie for her husbands deceas had retired her self at Tordesillas refusing to govern or trouble her head with State-affairs Whereupon with the consent of most part of the Peers and Nobles of the Realm the Cardinal Ximenez Don Bernardino de Velasso Lord high Constable and Don Pedro Manrique Duke of Naxara took upon them the administration of Government for the present they made Don Alonso Suarez Bishop of Iaen President of their Council assisted by Doctor Tello el Licenciado Polanco and other learned Lawyers They called a Parlament wherein they ordered to send to Don Fernando desiring him in the name of the Queen and the whole Kingdom to return and undertake the Government for his Daughter and Grandchilde Which hee beeing more readie to accept then they to offer did not refuse but returned answer that having setled the business which had called him to Naples hee would satisfie their desires And after som time leaving Don Iuan de Aragon Earl of Ribagorsa his Vice-Roy hee embarqued himself for Spain with his Queen Germana Don Gonsalo Fernandez de Cordova commonly called the gran Capitan and a great train of Spanish Gentlemen that attended him in his voiage Beeing arrived at Valentia the Queen Donnia Iuana went to meet him whom hee received with signs of much affection and fatherlie tenderness which shee answered with all the honor and due obedience that could bee exspected from an observant Daughter for although the excess of sorrow had weakned her intellectual faculties yet shee never lost her respect to her Father but paied him with all humilitie and filial dutie neither was shee ever heard to utter anie mis becoming words which is common to people tainted with her infirmitie The eighth of October the King and Queens came to Arcos where Donnia Iuana desiring to staie Don Fernando went with his Court to Burges leaving her a good number of Noblemen and Ladies besides guards suitable to the dignitie of her person Som years after Don Fernando left the troubles of this transitorie life to enjoie the quietness and bliss of the