Selected quad for the lemma: prince_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
prince_n	duke_n	king_n	palatine_n	4,111	5	12.5739	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51449	The most Christian Turk: or, a view of the life and bloody reign of Lewis XIV. present King of France Containing an account of his monstrous birth, the transactions that happened during his minority under Cardinal Mazarine; afterwards his own unjust enterprizes in war and peace, as breach of leagues, oaths, &c. the blasphemous titles given him, his love-intrigues, his confederacy with the Turk to invade Christendom, the cruel persecution of his Protestant subjects, his conniving with pirates, his unjustly invading the empire, &c. laying all waste before him with fire and sword, his quarrels with the Pope and Genoieze, his treachery against England, Scotland, and Ireland, the engagements of the confederate princes against him; with all the battles, sieges, and sea fights, that have happened of consequence to this time.		1690 (1690)	Wing M2870A; ESTC R216384	73,891	189

Naval Preparations were made before it was publickly known to what Intent The Duchess of Orleance dying suddenly and not without Suspicion of evil Practice the Duke by the persuasion of Lewis XIV was Married to the Daughter of the Prince Palatine of the Rhine Upon which Country no doubt and it since has but too plainly appeared he had an Eye In the Year 1672 on the 7th of April the French King's Declaration was put forth prohibiting all Trade and Commerce with the States of the Vnited Provinces And out of a Bravado he marched in person at the Head of an Army of 150000 Men. By which surprizing Invasion he like a Torrent carried all before him So that many looked upon the Low Countries to be lost if no speedy Stop was put to this Progress But it has always been observed that though the first Motions of the French are impetuous yet the least discouragement makes them Recoil They had on a sudden filled with their Troops the Duchy of Cleves the Electorate of Collen the Duchy of Limburg the County of Zutphen Vtreitcht and its Territories with many other places and got into their hands several strong Towns and into this Combination the Bishop of Munster was drawn who took Groll and some other places though not very considerable They passed the Rhine likewise and did considerable damages in such places as were found unprovided Committing great Outrages Which so puffed up Lewis XIV that being returned to Paris he was congratulated with Flatteries and Applauses from all the Societies of the Kingdom And in Imitation of the Heathen Idolaters the Queen caused a Chapel to be built at Roan dedicated to our Lady of Victories The King was styled the invincible Hero though he was always so tender of himself that he neither engaged in any Battel or Skirmish or seldom came within Cannon shot of any place that resisted doing what best suited his Valour which has not overmuch of the Hero in it But indeed the Progress of his Arms had a Recoil for the Provinces being recovered out of the Amaze this sudden Attempt put them into and the Prince of Orange now King of England confirmed in his Patrimonial Offices and honourable Trusts as Stadtholder Admiral and General of the Vnited Provinces he presently took the Field with an Army of 24000 Men recovering several places and causing the French to retire and performing many other Exploits worthy himself and the Glory of his Ancestors But having taken a view of the French King's Affairs hitherto at Land let us cast our Eyes a little upon the Ocean The Fleets being Abroad in May 1672. on the 28th of that Month a sharp Ingagement ensued the then Duke of York commanding as Admiral It continued a long time bloody and doubtful during which many brave Men were lost as the Earl of Sandwich c. who would not leave his Ship though all in Flames till it was too late to succour him His Body was found sloating and afterward honourably buried but we cannot learn that the French did any thing considerable in this Action or that any more than their Reer-Admiral Monsieur de Rabiniere Trees les Bois came up to a close Fight who behaving himself like a man of Courage was slain and afterward honourably Interred at Rochel the rest lying off in a Line and firing at a Distance and many times greatly endamaging the English especially in their Rigging though they perceived only the Blue Squadron Engaged the Red not being able to come up in time So the French stood rather Neuters or Lookers on than any ways concerned in the Battel From this there grew a suspicion that they had Orders to keep from Engaging as much as possible that the two Fleets of England and the Vnited Provinces might batter each other that through their weakness the French King might become strong at Sea which more visibly appeared the following Year 1673. This Year the Valiant Prince Rupert Commanded the English Fleet where the French joining him he made One hundred and twenty Sail of stout Ships The Dutch were Commanded by Du Ruytter and Van Trump so that a sharp Engagement happened But the French no sooner heard the Bullets begin to rattle and saw with what Fury and Violence the Dutch and English Engaged but almost all that Fleet stood away pretending to gain the Weather-gage the which when they had very favourably got they e'en kept it for the Glory of their Master's Arms for they never came up again during the Fight And those few Captains that had so much Sense of Honour as not to follow their Admiral who were but very few had secret Intimation that they were in danger of being hanged when they came into France for not following their Flag or Orders But how they came off has not yet occurred The Prince though he made good the Fight and came off with Honour and Bravery stormed to be thus deserted Whereupon when the French Admiral came on board him to make his Excuse which proved but a very lame one the Prince is reported to look upon him with Indignation and after reproaching him with Baseness told the Monsieur That had he been one of his Master the King of England's Subjects he would have killed him with his own Hand And to let the World see how much the English Valour surpasses that of the French and how much Lewis is beholden to it for his Greatness I need instance but one Particular viz. During this War the strong City of Mastreicht was besieged by an Army of about Forty Thousand and the King came as near as he durst venture that his Men might be the better encouraged It was invested on the Sixth of June and there was in it a Garrison of 7 or 8000 Men one Faro a Valiant Man being Governour The besieged made a stout resistence and many were killed on both Sides insomuch that the French began to saint At what time the Heroick Duke of Monmouth who was at the Head of the English in the height of Youthful Valour despising Danger went on to the Assault through Showers of small and great Shot and Commanding in the Trenches though Two or Three Mines were sprung to obstruct his Passage he and the few that followed him charged with such resolution that they carried the Half-Moon contrary to the Expectation of all Men in less than half an Hour though the Shot flew round him as thick as Hail maintaining it till he had delivered it to a French Collonel who was sent to relieve him But no sooner was the Duke and the English retired but the French though strongly possessed not being able to endure the fire of the Besieged quitted it This vexed the Duke to see that a Regiment could not keep when put into their hands what himself and a very few English had got Insomuch that he prepared to regain it which he did with such daring Resolution that accompanied only by Twelve Voluntier-Gentlemen he threw himself over

am My Lord Your very humble Servant Bassampeire This Letter is found in the Cologne Edition of Mareschal Bassampeire's Memoirs page 134. in French But to return Lewis XIII made great Joy for the Birth of this Son and all France shined with Fires of Triumph And no sooner was he Christened but he was Inaugurated into his Principality as Dauphin of France and had given him his Officers and Attendents the chief of which were his Governess a Lady of a Masculine Spirit and Hardovine de Perefexi who since obtained to be Bishop of Rhodes and after that Archbishop of Paris This Man served in the nature of his Tutor being very cunning and politick Whilst Lewis XIV lay in the Cradle as we may term it nothing of Weight or Moment can be expected But scarce was he capable of distinguishing Right from Wrong before the Sceptre of France dropp'd into his Hand For Lewis XIII declining more and more at the End of Four Years and a few Months after the Birth of this Son left the Stage of this World to sleep with his Ancestors He was the Eldest Son of Henry IV. of the House of Bourbon to whom the House of Valois had given Place by the Death of Henry III. who was slain by one Clement a Jocobine Monk with a Consecrated Dagger in his Tent when surrounded by his Army His Mother was Mary de Medicis of the House of Medici of Florence The King before his Death published a Declaration bearing Date April 12. 1643 by Virtue of which he appointed the Queen as Regent during the Minority of his Son as likewise Governess of the Kingdom and the Duke of Orleance was made her Lieutenant The Chief of the Council were the Prince of Conde and Cardinal Mazarine the latter swaying all with the Queen Monsieur Seguire Chancellor of France Monsieur Bauthlier and Monsieur Chauvigny And the Conduct of the Army on Foot was given to the Duke of Enguin afterward Prince of Conde So that Lewis XIII giving up the Ghost on the Fourteenth of May 1643. this Order prevented the Contests that would have happened in the Court about Priority However a Calm did not ensue for the King was no sooner in his Grave but Discontents that in respect to him seemed stifled broke out both People and Grandees being dissatisfied with the Cardinal's management of Affairs and too great Influence upon the Queen who Acted all by his Advice and he being an Italian proceeded to impose an Italian Government in many things which were highly disgusted So that they proclaimed their displeasures at the Head of an Army with the Noise of Trumpets Drums and the thundering of Cannon c. of which the Spaniards taking the Advantage endeavoured to enlarge their Dominions in the Low Countries where Don Francisco de Melo the Vice-Roy besieged Rocroy but his Army was beaten off by the Duke of Enguin General of the French Forces and a considerable Defeat given them which happened six days after Lews XIV came to the Throne And to flush him with this Success the Colours taken were spread before him at Paris and several Applauses of Triumph made And to say true this Victory proved a Check to Spain and gave the French Army an Opportunity to enter into their Territories and take several Towns and Fortresses as Maubeuge Borlemont Aimmerikt Binch and Thionville with others Yet the small Castle of Cirke stopped the Course of the French who before rolled on like a Torrent to the endangering of all Flanders But they had not the like Success in Germany fore there the Mareschal de Gu●briant General of the French Forces was slain and his Army worsted with the loss of a great many brave Men which drew off Enguin from Flanders But however the War ceased not for the War with Spain engaged most of the Princes of Europe in the Quarrel The Trumpets carried the Noise of War round the Borders of Savoy as likewise in Italy Navar Catalonia Germany Alsatia Flanders and other Places Nor were the Seas free from Blood for the Duke of Breze being Admiral for the French in the Straights he twice engaged the Spanish Fleet. Nor did this War end without Rivers of Blood Burnings Plunderings and great Devastations and then the Misery it had occasioned in Europe moved the Princes to send their Plenepotentiaries to Munster to compose the Differences and agree a general Peace For the Countries were so wasted and Impoverished in many Places that more died by Famine than the Sword so that Lewis XIV began early to build his aspiring Greatness upon Ruine and Desolation which threatned the World with a turbulent Prince To this Treaty which was absolutely necessary for the preventing an universal Famine the Queen Regent of France sent the Count d' Avaux and Monsieur Servien to manage the Interest of France and the Duke of Longueville soon after followed them So that after many Debates and the Interposition of the uninterested Princes on the Twenty fourth of October 1648. a Peace was concluded and the Monarchs of Europe agreed to lay down their Arms that Plenty might be restored by Peace And this had been done sooner had not the French according to their accustomed Manner even in the midst of a Treaty when others depending upon the publick Faith thought themselves secure surprized several Places and suddenly brought their Arms into Germany Lorrain Flanders Catalonia and Italy at once as they did early in the Spring 1645. which so exasperated the Spaniards that they requited it before the Peace was concluded by setting upon the French Fleet over against Naples putting it to Flight with the loss of a great many Men and some Vessels the Admiral being killed with a Cannon Bullet and the Mareschal de Gassion a great General of France as he laid Siege to Lens was wounded and being carried to Arras there died and the Spaniards recovered many considerable Towns in Flanders and other Places as Fuens Courtray and Lens and the French Army suffered very much However the Peace held not in France for the Prince of Conde with divers others of the First Quality being grieved that Mazarine once a poor Priest and of mean Birth should play the King of France making his young Pupil Lewis XIV do what he pleased Impoverishing likewise the Kingdom by sending vast Treasures into Italy to enrich his poor Kindred insomuch that his Father who had never seen such Summs before imagined it rained Gold in France These things I say and the Insolence of that proud Priest made them take up Arms to Reform Abuses in the Government publishing their Manifesto's to justifie their Proceedings and remove the Cardinal from the Young King So that the great City of Paris declared for them resolving to defend their Interest to the utmost as did many other Towns Insomuch that the Crown was visibly at Stake nor could the Cardinal's Policy have saved it had not the Courage and prudent Conduct of the Mareschal de Turin put a stop

Death of Turin being wounded and many Persons of Quality killed This was seconded by the Overthrow of the Mareschal de Crequi near Treves For the Confederates having besieged that place which had been surprized by the French the Mareschal came to Succour it but the Besiegers drawing off and giving him Battel his Forces were totally defeated with the loss of Three or Four thousand Men and of all the Baggage and Cannon c. the broken Army scattering and getting into the adjacent Town The Mareschal with sive or six men got into Treves and the Governour being killed took upon him to defend the place but the Besiegers having made Three Breaches so wide that Forty Men a-breast might enter the Officers finding the Ditches likewise filled up and the Storm ready to be made they Capitulated without Crequi who to regain in some measure the Credit he had lost suffered himself to be made a Prisoner of War Binch was likewise taken by the Dutch and many other Advantages gained So that Lewis the Great began to think that he had overstood his Markets and thought it high time to look out for Confederates Whereupon he drew the King of Sweeden into an Alliance with him to divert the War on that side of the King of Denmark and Duke of Brandenburg But the Sweeds had but little Success in his Quarrel as being worsted by Land and Sea and having nothing but the French King's Word for Reparation Insomuch that they were obliged to sit down by the Loss and thereupon Lewis XIV began to tamper with the States of Holland to clap up a Peace without the Consent of their Allies But whilst it was on Foot which made the King grant the larger Terms his Forces under the Duke of Luxemburg were beaten near Mons by the English Dutch and Germans In which Action his present Majesty of England signalized his Valour and Conduct to a wonder and the Duke of Monmouth being a Voluntier in the Army by his Example so animated the English that they let the French see they were capable of turning the Scale of Victory These Bad Successes making Lewis the Great fear he should be reduced to Lewis the Little he made such Offers which were seconded by many Promises and Crafty Insinuations that the States did conclude a peace and had all their Towns except Maestreicht delivered into their possession which made many wonder But those that have weighed the Matter give these Reasons for their making a peace when other Princes their Confederates were in Treaty for that of Nimeguen was still on Foot First They perceived the Ambassadors of their Allies had been several Years in debate at Nimeguen without bringing any thing to Perfection as to the Treaty with France and they had greatly wasted their Treasure in the War and found a peace was necessary to Recruit Secondly Their Trade on which the Provinces mostly depend was greatly obstructed by which means the People were Impoverished Thirdly They were Constrained to take up Moneys on the publick Trust to supply the Charge of the War which being of long Continuance could not but have consumed vast Treasures Fourthly That the Spaniard had not those Forces on foot in the Netherlands that was Expected which might have hindered the French from taking several Towns in Flanders of which without any considerable Opposition they had possessed themselves Fifthly That all things were restored to them that had been taken away which would have been difficult to have Recovered by other means Sixthly By this Treaty they caused to be rendered up to Spain part of what had been taken during the War Seventhly That the French Ministers assured the States that they would speedily make a Peace with their Allies and that they the States should be Arbitrators of that Peace These are given as Reasons And indeed considering how the Ministers of France pressed it with Eagerness and declared the Extream Passion and Desire the King their Master had to be at peace it might have been thought that he mean'd as he said The King himself during the Negotiation sent them a Letter wherein he styled them His good Friends Allies and Confederates promising wonderful things in the most obliging Flattery But no Words or Promises can bind this Leviathan for Lewis knew well enough what he did by making a Separate Peace considering if he should be brought to Strict Terms with all the Allies he must of Necessity part with Lorrain to the Duke its Rightful Lord and with the Franche Compte of Bourgogne to the King of Spain taken contrary to faith given since the Pyrenean Treaty But by not having the Dutch Army upon his back he sound himself able to deal with the rest and to tire them out by delays And indeed by taking these Measures he constrained the Duke of Brandenburg and the Prince of Zel to restore all they had taken from the Sweed since that King stood for the French Interest King Charles II. of England perceiving Lewis XIV delayed the Treaty to incroach upon Flanders found his Honour touched since he became a Mediator and was to be Guarrantee of the Peace And thereupon sent over five or six Thousand Men to defend the Spanish Netherlands where the French during the Treaty and daily Expectation of Peace were like so many Tartars or wild Arabians Ravaging and destroying the Country but the Terrour of the English put a Check to their Progress Lewis XIV having obtained a Peace with the States of the Vnited Provinces he more and more delayed the Treaty of Nimeguen as not doubting to bring the other Confederates to more Advantageous Terms than otherwise he could have been capable of doing And that which made the French King more urgent for a Separate Peace was that he knew well enough that it could not be Reasonably made with the Allies in Conjunction but that the Country of Lorrain would be required for that Duke and the Franche Compte for the King of Spain or what ever had been snatched from that Crown since the Pyrenean Peace which had been so openly violated by France And therefore he concluded to divide the Allies was to make his own Terms And indeed it so fell out to the great prejudice of the Confederaters Especially Spain and the Empire as in due place will appear And indeed Lewis XIV by this means preserved most of his important Conquests at that time whilst the Elector of Brandenburg and the Prince of Zell found themselves in a Necessity to Restore to Sweden all they had taken or by standing out run the Hazard of a French Army Ravaging their Countries whilst their Allies who had already made peace could not fairly give them any Assistence unless like him with whom they had made the peace they layed no Stress upon Leagues any longer than it tended to their purpose But the Emperor as well as Holland having concluded with France the rest found themselves too weak long to contend with a Monarch of such vast

Christian Majesty had farther directed him to let the States know how well satisfied he is with the Orders they had given the Count de Stirum and with his prudent Conduct in pursuance of them By this we may see whilst the Dutch made a Conscience of the least Breach and had their hands tied from assisting their Allies by a Treaty they would not break with Lewis XIV who could never find any strong enough for his Conscience when he saw it advantageous to break it However Heaven does not wink at such Actions nor leave them unpunished for much about this time Lewis the Great fell into a raging Torture occasioned by an ulcerous Fistula in his Fundament and knew in some kind what it was to be miserable who had made many thousands so All the chief Chirurgions of France were consulted about this matter and concluded his Life was in danger unless his Royal Bum was Cut and Launced And in fine an Incision was made and after that divers others which kept him long in Bed and consequently put the thoughts quite out of his Head of plotting a farther Disturbance in the World at that time Yet his Creatures were not Idle for to pick a new Quarrel the Governour of Maeubuge set up the Arms of France in divers parts of the Spanish Netherlands under the old pretence of Boundaries and Limits of Dependencies and although Complaints were made yet little was returned in Satisfaction but a few Excuses and a Promise that it should be considered at a more convenient time and that Persons on either side should be appointed to adjust the Limits And at the fame time they proceeded to build strong Fortresses contrary to the Treaty near Huneguen and in the Territories of the Margrave of Baden of which the Emperor complained by his Ambassadors declaring how Religiously himself and all the Princes of the Empire intended to observe the Treaty But this little availed for the French went on with their Designs and upon the setting out the Boundaries in the Spanish Netherlands and on the Frontiers of the Empire made unreasonable Exactions of Places no ways belonging to them nor any where assigned in the Treaty of Nimeguen 〈◊〉 which the King of Spain was obliged to acquiesce as having Exhausted his Treasures in a tedious War and not in a condition to contend alone when the Confederates did not hold themselves obliged to take his part Lewis XIV not content with Matters and the Extraordinary Trouble he had given his Neighbours on this side the Alps began to breath towards the Dominion of Italy He remembred his Predecessors by making Inroads to that fruitful Country had snatched many a pleasant Morsel and not only satiated their Ambition but enriched themselves till the Time of Charles V. Emperor and King of Spain as likewise Philip II. King of Spain in whose Reigns the Spanish Monarchy was at the highest it ever was known to be when it was grasped from the French with a hard hand and they have since had little pretensions to any place beyond that vast ridge of Mountains But this King strikes in with the Duke of Mantua for his strong Fortress on the Frontier for an Inlet into Italy and though it was opposed by all the Italian Princes the French Gold out-balanced their Sollieitations to prevent that Duke's surre●dering a place which would at one time or other be the occasion of swallowing up his other Territories The French King having possessed himself of Cassel delayed not to threaten an Invasion of Italy This made most of the Princes combine in a strict League and sollicite the Pope to his immediate Protection and that he would become Head of the League These Proceedings stop the Ambitious Monarch at that time but hindered him not from framing several pretensions Nor did he defer to shew his angry Resentment by picking a Quarrel with the City of Genoa an Italian City and the Head of a famous Republick situate advantageously on the Sea upon a rising Hill there being a large Bay before it So that he conjectured that getting this Inlet and Harbour he might facilitate the large Enterprizes he had cast in his mind The occasion or Grounds of his Quarrel was about Ceremonies and trivial Matters but where the Power is and in a hand like that of Lewis XIV it is easie to find occasion of Offence or to suggest one Long he stood not to digest or debate the matter before a considerable Fleet was equipped which put some of the neighbouring Nations into doubt to what it might tend Discourses were given out it was designed against the Infidel Piratical Governments of Argier Tripoly c. though People of better Understanding considering how he had favoured and incouraged those Miscreants to make Spoil and Robbery upon the Seas whilst himself was doing the like at Land and shedding Streams of Christian Blood were of a contrary Opinion Nor did the wonder last for the Fleet being ready immediately set Sail and stood away for the Coast of Italy and his Threats were sent to the Doge and Senate of Genoua to comply with his demands of Satisfaction and Reparation which appeared to them so unreasonable that they were rejected and the City prepared for its Defence The French Fleet of about Thirty Men of War besides Fireships and Tenders being come to an Anchor before the Bay drew into a Line to block up the Harbour and fired very furiously which was answered from the Cannon of the Town those in the few Ships that lay under the Shoar and the Forts and other Works that lay as Curtains and Bullworks But the Cannon from the French Fleet doing little other damage than beating down some Chimneys the Tops of Steeples and a few of the Battlements they drew in under the Favour of the Night several heavy Galleys with Gabbions and Earth on their Decks gaurded by Men of War and Fireships from whence they played their Bombs without considering the Churches and Religious Houses that for the most part stood near the Sea and had with them such Fatal Success that a great part of that Famous City was layed in Ruines by their beating down and blowing up Yet the French attempting to Land were beaten off with considerable Loss who finding the Governour of Milain was preparing to come down with Forces to the Assistence of the Genoise and that in all likelihood the Princes of Italy would not stand neuter the French Admiral admitted those that were sent off to come on board him in order to treat of Conditions but was so extravagant in his Demands that nothing was concluded at that time But the Inhabitants finding the City almost ruined by the Bombs which played upon them continually and despairing of any Relief by Sea began to Murmur and Mutiny which hastened the Agreement very dishonourable to that State which had sometimes Lorded it over the Ocean and often defended it self against the most powerful of States and Kings For nothing would satisfie

extreamly strengthened and fortified at the Expence of vast Treasure lying at the same time so Commodious for Trade and other Advantages The pretences the French King made were That there was an Agreement with Oliver Cromwell that upon the Payment of a certain Summ of Money it should be delivered to the French But no body as we can hear of was privy to this Contract but himself However contrary to all Mens Expectation his French Pistols gained that strong Town which all the Cannon and Forces of France had the King of England defended it could never have done But now we Experience the damage of that Oversight when too Late For Dunkirk was delivered for Money and Lewis had the unexpected Pleasure of entering into it in Triumph on the Second of December in the Year 1662. These Successes flushed his Ambition to greater Attempts nothing less now than the Dukedom of Lorrain will serve his turn and thereupon he sent his cunning Sophisters to wheedle the Duke out of it by Threats and Promises First That he had an Army ready to fall into it if it were refused Secondly That he would consign him Lands more secure in Lieu of it in another place And to make the old Duke more fond promised to declare him Heir to the Crown of France in Case the Family of Bourbon failed although there was a Dauphin born of the young Queen These and other inveiglings between Force and fair Means wrought so powerfully that the Agreement was made the Sixth of February 1662. and in March following confirmed in the Parliament of Paris to the apparent Wrong of Prince Charles the present Duke of Lorrain who though of years was no ways consenting to his Father's Act. And upon this Agreement the French Troops were immediately sent who seized upon all the Cities and Country of that fertil and spacious Dukedom except Marsal which being garisoned and influenced by the young Prince opposed their Progress This made Monsieur storm and immediately he ordered his Generals to be ready for an Expedition to make War as he term'd it for the Glory of his Arms and came on so terribly in the Head of his Forces that the old Duke though he repented of what he had done foreseeing the ruine that would insue to his People if he opposed and being altogether unfurnished by the surprize of his Towns to Encounter a great Army thought it his best way to submit to his Misfortune And thereupon in an humble manner he went to Metz in Lorrain to excuse himself to Lewis who received the venerable old Man after a haughty manner and would hear of nothing but the surrender of Marsal which not being able to hold out against such a powerful Army as he had brought into the Country it was put into French hands on the Third of September 1663. Much about this time Lewis fell a cavelling like an Unchristian Son with his Holy Father at Rome and the Manner was thus Monsieur de Crequi his Ambassador in that City bearing himself with too high a hand and putting Abuses even upon the Pope himself it so enraged some of the Pope's Guards that whether willingly or by chance remains doubtful a Harquibus was shot into his Coach which wounded some of his Servants This Affront made such a noise in the Court of France that Lewis instead of going in Devotion immediately prepared to make a Procession to Rome with his Dragoons which so frighted Pope Alexander II. that then held the Chair that he was forced to send and meet his Army with Protestation of his Trouble for what had happened and that he should have any satisfaction This stopped his Carier a little and Pisa was pitched upon as the City to examine the matter And on the Twelfth of March 1664. it was agreed between the French and Pope's Deputies a thing that the Pride of the Popes of Rome never submitted to for many Hundred years viz that Flavio Chigi the Pope's Nephew should come to the King and beg the Pope's Pardon so that it seems the Great Pardoner was forced to creep at this Time for a pardon from one of his Sons And farther That a Monument should be raised in the place where the Affront was done with an Inscription declaring the Cause of its being erected This was performed but it did not satisfie For whilst it was a doing the French fell into the Pope's County Palatine of Avignon drove out the Garrisons and without respect to St. Peter Mother-Church or Father Pope plundered his Patrimony for which the most Christian King highly applauded them But soon after the Queen-Mother of France died and now Lewis XIV began to take his pleasure without Regard to the young Queen Wherefore though it may be looked upon as a digression it may not be amiss to see a few of Lewis the Great 's Intrigues with his Little Mistresses for you must understand his Inclinations have been as well to Love as Glory Since Lewis XIV was Married to Maria Theresa of Austria daughter of Spain the first Mistress though the Queen was charming enough young brisk and lively that he publickly owned was Madam de la Valliere and that she might come up the better to his Humour he made her Duchess of Vaujour And although the Queen grew jealous and the Queen-Mother very much reproved his over-fondness of this Woman yet he little regarded their Reproaches Whereupon they used many devices to draw off his Affections but those not succeeding one Father Anat a Jesuit and at that time his Confessor was prevailed upon to reprove him So that he took upon him boldly to represent to him the Scandal and bad Effects such a loose way of Living occasioned by making an ill Impression upon the Minds of the People and that if he did not Reform he must enjoin him sharper Penance at his next Confession But the most Christian King little satisfied with this Discourse coldly replyed That he thanked him kindly for his good Advice and his past Service but that for the future he would make use of no other Confessor but the Parson of the Parish And so the old Fellow was turned out of Service for his Ill timed Preachment which made the Society of Jesuits curse him for being so scurvy a Politician on such an occasion which he might have Improved to their Advantage But however though this was Cashiered yet others of the Society more cunning and facetious made a shift to creep into the King's Bosome making their own Advantages by embroiling a great part of Europe And the more to flatter his Ambition contrary to the Rules of their Order they took away the Name of Jesus from off the Gates of one of their Colleges in Paris and placed the King's Name instead of it which occasioned this Distich Abstulit hinc Jesum posuitque Insignia Regis Impia Gens Alium non habet Illa Deum They Jesus name have ta'en from their Aboad And plac'd the King's he only is

1685 it was Registered and Published by the King's Attorney General And in order to its being put in Execution and the Copies being examined and compared it was sent into the several Bailiffwicks and Courts of Justice Sherifs-Courts Districts c. there to be Registered and Charge given to the Deputies of the Attorney General to take care they were put in Execution with all Imaginary Force and Rigour and to certisie the Court thereof at Paris in the Court of Vacation on the 22d of October Lewis XIV when he did this had it seems forgotten that he had on the Word of a King Ingaged the contrary or he concluded it was no dishonour for a King to break his Word whenever he pleased Wherefore before we begin to take a view of his persecuting his best Subjects it will be convenient to Insert his own Letter in Answer to a Letter of the Duke of Brandenburg's on the behalf of the Protestants Lewis XIV's Letter to his Electoral Highness of Brandenburg Brother I Would not have discoursed the matter you writ to me about on the behalf of my Subjects of the Pretended Reformed Religion with any other Prince beside your self But to shew you the particular Esteem I have for you I shall begin with telling you That some Persons disaffected to my Service have spread Seditious Pamphlets among Strangers as if the Acts and Edicts that were passed in Favour of my said Subjects of the pretended Reformed Religion by the Kings my Predecessors and Confirmed by my self where not kept and executed in my Dominions which would have been contrary to my Intentions For I take Care that they be Maintained in all the Privileges which have been granted them and be as kindly used as my other Subjects To this I am engaged by my Royal Word and in Acknowledgment of the Proofs they have given me of their Loyalty during the late Troubles in which they took up Arms for my Service and did vigorously oppose and succesfully Overthrow the ill Designs which a Rebellious Party against my Authority Royal c. This one would think was sufficiently binding but as it appears by a Clause in the Decree bearing date long since this Letter the King never intended to be as good as his Word viz. Whereas says the Decree That it hath pleased God to grant that our Subjects enjoy a perfect Peace and we our selves being no longer taken up with the Cares of protecting them against our Enemies are now in a Condition to make good use of the said Truce viz. of Nimeguen which we have on purpose facilitated in order to the applying our selves entirely to the searching out of means which might succesfully effect and accomplish the Design of the Kings our said Grand-father and Father our Intentions ever since we came to the Crown we see at present notwithstanding a just acknowledgment of what we owe to God on that account that our endeavours have attained the end we proposed to our selves forasmuch as the greater and better part of our Subjects of the said pretended Reformed Religion have already Embraced the Catholick and since by means thereof the Execution of the Edict of Nantes and all other Ordinances in favour of the said pretended Reformed Religion become useless we judge that we can do nothing better towards the entire effacing the memory of those Troubles Confusions and Mischiefs which the Progress of that False Religion have been the cause of in our Kingdom and which have given occasion to the said Edict and to so many other Edicts and Declarations which went before it or were made since with reference thereto than by a total Revocation of the said Edict of Nantes and particular Articles and Concessions granted therein and whatsoever hath been Enacted since in Favour of that Religion c. By this 't is evident That when he passed his Word to the Elector and approved the Loyalty of his Protestant Subjects he had it in his thoughts upon his first coming to the Crown to suppress them But this is the very Genius of Lewis XIV and now let us see how gently he deals with them and what Reward they have for their Fidelity and the Expence of their Blood and Treasure to keep him in the Throne against a powerful Faction under the Prince of Conde and others who were at the point of supplanting him why those that were to see the bloody Decree Executed fell to Consulting how they should raise the●r Malice high enough in Cruelty against People that had never injured them whilst the Protestants like the Jews when Ahasuerus's Decree went forth mourned their hard Fate and made their Application to the King but Hester's Tears could not prevail with his Most Christian Majesty though they had power to make a Heathen relent The Intendent of the Vpper Guienne who Resided at Montauban summoned the Chief Protestants of that City to appear before him and let them know That it was the unalterable Pleasure of the King to have but one Religion in his Kingdom and that they must prepare to comply with it giving them time to assemble themselves in the Town-house where they unanimously agreed rather to die than violate their Consciences and by one deputed by the rest sent their Resolution when the following Day a Batallion of La Ferre consisting of Sixteen Companies entered the City and were followed by a greater Number The Protestants thereupon consulted each other and resolved to submit to what should befal them not caring for the Spoil of their Goods so they might preserve their Religion resolving to rely on Providence and the Richer agreed to help the Poorer to the last of their Substance But whilst they were thus consulting the Dragoons entered their Houses like the Locusts of Egypt and having eaten up all they found fell to destroying their Goods suffering their Wines and other Liquors to run about the Cellers scattering also their Corn in the Streets And when they grew even weary of this wasteful Destruction they carried Linnen Plate Puter and other things to the Market-place and offered it to Sail where the Jesuits and Popish Priests bought them for trivial Prices and encouraged the Lay-Papists to do the like So that the Protestants in four or five days lost to the value of a Million yet they might be said even to take joyfully the spoiling of their Goods But when this availed not to shake their Constancy these Missionaries of Lewis XIV very proper Fellows to convert Souls fell to Out-raging their Persons with Cruelties and Barbarities worse than Death One Bervois they dragged to the Guards and there for a whole Night the Soldiers continued in turns to kick and buffet him Monsieur Solignack's Hand they bound to a Spit and forced him to turn it till by the Excessive Fire they made he himself was near Roasted to Death And to shew their farther Malice made a Stable of his Dining-room where the Furniture was worth Ten thousand Livres which they afterward destroyed

Lewis the Great but that their Senators should come into France and beg his Pardon and humble themselves before his Greatness A strange sort of Acknowledgment when themselves had received the Injury which four Millions could not make Good Yet what must be must be Many other things were considered which mainly puffed up Lewis the Great who now slattered himself to be the Terrour of Europe as well by Sea as Land not imagining but this dreadful Example and the fear of bombing would make others cautious how they incurred the Fury of such a Fire-Drake But it seems his Terrour reached not so far as the Shoar of Africa For even the Pirates of Argiers whom he had so much countenanced and to whom he had allowed his Ports as a safegaurd of Retreat and for bringing in Prizes and thereby a better Opportunity to rob his Neighbours made no Scruple to break with him and brave him by taking his Ships even in the Mouth of his own Harbours This no doubt vexed Lewis the Great and made him think himself undervalued if he should put up such Affronts And though perhaps he was loth to shed Infidel Blood having so long deal'd in that of Christians which he had poured out in Rivolets he found the Eyes of the Neighbouring Princes were upon him and that his Greatness would suffer an Eclipse if he dissembled it and that he should become cheap to the World notwithstanding his being in League with the Grand Signiour under whose protection this Government is he set forth a Fleet to bomb it but had not the Success as before Genoa For the obstinate Turks being strongly fortified made a vigorous Defence whereby his Ships were constrained to keep off at Sea However having spent a great many of his Fireballs at a Distance without doing any extraordinary Damage and not daring to land any Force when Count D'Estrees the Admiral sent to demand the French Slaves and Reparation for several Ships taken and the breaking the Truce all the Answer that could be obtained was to have his Consul that resided there to negotiate Affairs halled out of Prison and Rammed into a Cannon or Mortarpeice and by its being fired shot towards the Fleet. So that this great Preparation was frustrated and the French could only boast of some few Slaves that scaped on boards as they lay before the City pretending they were Constrained to return by reason of the boisterousness of those Seas through the far Advancement of the Season when on the contrary it may be said to the Honour of the English Nation that a small Squadron of our Ships has reduced those Barbarians frequently to such straits that they have been obliged to truckle under what Terms has been thought fit to have been imposed Lewis XIV having procured Cardinal Furstemburg his Creature to be Coadjutor to the Elector of Collogne and that Elector dying in June 1688 he immediately struck in to make a Party and to support the Interest of Furstemburg and to procure his being chosen as knowing himself should have the Advantage and supposing to hector others out of their Pretentions the Count D' Avaux on the 10 of June presented the following Memorial to the States General viz. That he was commanded to let them know that the King his Master desiring nothing more than to preserve the Peace of Christendom his Majesty was willing to prevent whatever might trouble it And seeing nothing is more capable of preserving the publick Tranquillity in the present Conjuncture than if the Princes Neighbours of the Electorate of Cologne should not leave the Chapter in an entire Liberty to proceed Canonically to the Election of a new Archbishop That his Majesty in such case could not refuse the Canons and Chapter the Assistence they might stand in need of for the Preservation of their Rights and for the Security of the Peace of the Country that depended on the Electorate And if any one should go about to cause any Troops to march towards the said Electorate under what pretence soever it may be and to force the Canons and Chapter in any Manner whatever or to use any force or violence against the Places or Country of the said Archbishoprick his Majesty will send thither at the same time all the Succor that is necessary to Maintain those that have the Administration thereof in all the Rights that belong to them But if the States neighbouring to the Archbishoprick do leave the Chapter in an intire Liberty to chuse a sit and worthy Person and in case there be no moving of Troops either in the Empire or in the Territories of this State or in the Spanish Netherlands to Intimidate the said Chapter those of his Majesty will not likewise doe any thing that may be able to trouble the publick Tranquillity or ever give the least Apprehensions to those that are well Intentioned for the Maintenance of the Peace These were the pretences of Lewis XIV to Amuse his Neighbours but they were too Apprehensive and knew him too well to be lulled into a Security For indeed he longed for this Electorate and knew no better ways to gain it than by placing a Person in it wholly devoted to his Interest and to accomplish this Parties were made and vast Treasures expended But finding the Pope not any way inclined to Furstemburg insomuch as he had not approved or confirmed his Coadjutorship and thinking he should fail in his Expectation he caused his Troops contrary to what had been proposed to march to the Frontiers and a great many French came privately Armed into the Cities of Cologne and Bonne and the Cardinal not like a peaceable Church man but like a Martial Prince came with Armed Troops at his heels which gave Apprehensions to some of the Danger that might befal them if they refused to give their Voice and on the 19 of July they proceeded to Election where after some Contest of the 24 Canons that have Voices 13 were gained for Furstemburg 9 gave their Voices for the Prince Clement of Bavaria Brother to the Duke of Bavaria and one for the Prince of Neuburg This puffed up the Cardinal's mind as thinking certianly he had carried the day and was capable of gratifying his Master to the full But then there arose other Scruples for those that had voted against him made their protest alledging that the Cardinal as being Bishop of Strasburgh could not without the Pop●'s Dispensation be chosen but by Postulation which required two Thirds of the Electors to be for him and that it was sufficient for any other to have nine in case the Voices were divided between two but if they were divided amongst several it was necessary that he that was postulated should have double the number that any other had So that Prince Clement having 9 Voices and the Cardinal but 13 he was by virtue of his Holiness's Dispensation duly elected However the Cardinal and his Party went and Proclaimed himself in the Choire of the Metropolitan

of the French King's Intentions to Invade those Provinces or the unpreparedness of the Court of Spain to send an Army to oppose the Torrent of a French Power advantageously poured into those Countries The Town Surrendered upon Articles on the 28. of August and Lewis who then was in the Army entered into it Notwithstanding the Spaniards during the Siege made some Attempts to Relieve it but their Forces being small they were frustrated In the Year 1668. for the Glory of his Arms Lewis XIV thought of another Enterprize which was to take into his Possession by Force the French Comte which as a kind of a Palatinate or separate Principality had enjoyed many Privileges and Immunities which being altogether unarmed or capable of Defence upon such a Surprize the Inhabitants were forced to send to the King's Deputies to treat of Yielding thereby to prevent the Spoils and Ravage of a Hunger starved Army However in the midst of the Treaty Besanson was possessed by a forced Surrender on the Sixth of February Salines was also Surprized and many other places not being sufficiently Garrisoned or provided with Stores were obliged to their Gates Dole only was capable of making a shew of Resistence but the French Army being numerous and suddenly possessing themselves of the Out-works they were forced to accept of such Terms as were offered by the French King and thereupon they sent him the Keys of the City It may be guessed what little Expectation this Country had of a French Army when in the space of Twelve Days so many strong Places Yeilded that were capable of holding out many Years had they had timely Notice and well provided But it has ever been observable that this King gains most of his Advantages by this way or the force of golden Pistols charged into the Governours Pockets The French King perceiving that the Dutch weary of his Alliance who had done so little for them and pretended so much were inclined to make a Peace and join with the Spaniards and thinking he had gained sufficiently if he could keep what he had got Overtures of Peace where thereupon proposed and Monsieur Colbert was sent to Aix la Chapelle to meet the Ministers of the Mediating Princes And accordingly the Articles of Peace between France and Spain were signed on the Sixth of May and made Publick at Paris and Brussels Yet Lewis was not well pleased to be frustrated in his Expectation of swallowing the Spanish Provinces attributing his disappointment to the Dutch who declaring for the Interest of Spain had obliged him to this Peace But his Threats were retarded by another Enterprize It so happened that the Turks with a nurous Army had besieged the City of Candia situate in the Island formerly called Creet belonging to the Venetians So that may of the French Nobility who had prepared their Equipages for the ensuing Compaign and being prevented by the Peace the French King was forced to comply withal went thither and upon their Return gave an account of the place Insomuch that Lewis thinking to have the Honour of relieving that Bulwork of Christendom which had held out a long doubtful and bloody Siege and upon the Event of which the Eyes of all Europe were fixed sent an Army of French men under the Command of the Dukes of Beaufort and Navailles consisting of 10000 Men who without any detriment entered that City which was laid almost in Ruines with the Bombs shot in by the Infidels Whereupon it was concluded in a Council of War that it could be no longer tenable without performing some extraordinary Exploit and after a farther-Consult it was agreed That a vigorous Sally should be made in Order to the raising of the Siege The French indeed were very forward and to give the Duke of Beaufort his Due he behaved himself like a man of good Courage and Conduct The Sally was accordingly made with great Resolution and the Turks at first were beaten out of their Trenches But the Christians possessing themselves of a Magazine of Three hundred Barrels and Sacks of Powder whether by Matches laid on purpose by the Enemy or fired by chance it blew up and destroyed almost one whole Regiment in which it was thought the Duke of Beaufort was killed and buried by the overthrowing of the Earth for his Body was not afterwards found Which terrible thundercrack so dismayed the French-men who were the foremost in the Sally that they retired in great confusion thinking by the Earthquake it made that all the Ground was hollow and charged with Mines So that the Turks Rallying and being reinforced with great Numbers that came pouring from the Hills the Belieged were driven into the City and the French never after that could be persuaded to make any other Sally or so much as to stay for the Defence of the Place although the Governour almost with Tears besought it But the Duke of Novailles who now Commanded in Chief pretending Orders from his Master took Shipping and with those Forces he had left returned to France which was not for the Glory of the King 's Arms. For had they stayed and done what became Soldiers that famous City had undoubtedly been saved which by this Defeat was in a short time after delivered to the Turks with whom Lewis XIV has since had a better Correspondence as will appear in due Place and Order In the year 1669. the Duke of Lorrain grieved that he had so easily parted with his Countries hoping it was not yet too late to retract he required Aid of the Emperor and King of Spain labouring to engage them against France Whereupon Lewis sent the Mareschal de Crequi with an Army of 18000 Men into his Country who dismantled and pulled down the Walls of divers Towns making great Ravagement though he found little or no opposition For only the little Towns of Epinal and Chate made some shew of a Resistence But there being no Army that could promise them Relief they were compelled to surrender and the old Duke to fly his Patrimonial Country and foregoe those vast Promises the French Court had made him The Eyes of all Europe being upon this unfair dealing and greatly Regretting it to keep the Inhabitants quiet he ordered they should be treated with somewhat more Mildness than is usually observed in the French Conquests as they term them though for the most part got by Surprize or Treachery And finding the Hollanders were no way satisfied with his proceedings for he had infringed upon their Commerce he resolved to begin first and having visited and strengthened his Towns in Flanders and upon the Frontiers he by a subtil Negotiation as some Historians will have it of Henrietta Duchess of Orleance who had an Interview with her Royal Brothers at Dover drew the King of England into an Expensive War against the States But whether by the means of that Princess who died upon her return into France or otherwise we determine not However it is certain that great