hym to be caryed about the city Rome to wonder at and at the last to be hanged Of the begynnynge and institution of the Electors in Germany WHan Otho was nowe eyghte and twentye yeares olde he was endued wyth so ready wytt that for hys syngular wysedome he was called the Worldes wonders Besyde that knewe the Saxons readye wytted and valyaunt men the deceatfull traynes of the Frenchmen Wherfore whan they perceaued that great and dangerous commotions were raysed by the. Ro. byshoppes bothe agaynste Emperoures and also in the commune welth Otho chose Bruno a Saxon his cosin to be byshop of Rome who was called Gregorius the fyft after that he had the byshopryke Of hym was Otho the thirde crowned Besyde this when the wyse prince consydered that the Frenchemen and Italians raged euer to transfer the emperiall maiestie from the Germanes and that among the aunceters of him was now and thā strife also for the election and that in the meane tyme is so greatly requisite a myghty monarche to the Christiantie for to defende the bishop of Rome and libertie of Italy yea to maynteyne concorde of religion in whole Europa But that the same monarchy could not last long and be stable euermore without the ayde and succourse of some peculiar moste mighty nacion Therfore with the assistence and ayde of Gregorius the byshop of Rome who because he was a Germane did lyghtely consent to so necessary a thyng dyd make the ordinaunce of the princes Electors for to choyse an Emperoure And that concorde might be had in the election because of religion among the prelates spirituall and princes temporall the aucthoritie to chose an Emperoure is committed to seuen Germane princes the Archebyshops of Mentz Colen and Trier To these are ioyned the prince of Boheme for at that tyme had Bohemy yet no kynge the County Palatine of the Rene the duke of Saxony the Marques of Brandenborowe I maruayll verely why so hygh a dignitie is not bequyethed to other princes which at that tyme were farre more puyssaunt as namely to the dukes of Baier of Schwaben of the Frankes and specially the duke of Baier who was nearer of kynred to Otho than the other and more greater of domynyon For he had subiect to hym Bayerland and Eastenryche vntyll Aglar or Aquitanya the whyche Henry brother to Otho the fyrste had wonne The duke also of Schwaben was neare kynsman to Otho the Emperoure For whan Herman duke of Schwaben vnder Otho the fyrste had no heyre male He gaue his doughter in maryage to Ludolfe sonne to Otho the fyrste agaynste whome hys father Otho dyd warre for hys rebellyon Of this Ludolfe come the dukes of Schwaben Therefore maye it be maruayll what was the occasion to orden that institutyon of prynces Electors The Germane history wryters seme to be so voyde of all iudgment that it may of good ryght lothe any man to reade them Ihon Stabius the astronomer of Maximylyan shewed me oft that Maximilian was went to complayn vpon the rudenesse of the Germane hystorye wryters that they dyd not only wryte the dedes of so noble and wyse princes that God had sent wythoute order but dyd also corrupte them wyth euell wrytynge And he had commaunded to compile in a short Cronycle orderly the mooste notableste thynges out of all hystorye wryters whych thynge doutlesse had ben done yf the mooste wyse Emperour had ether lyued longer or had not left it by reason of the care of more weyghty matters As for me though I might seme to be rash yf I allege or shewe what me thynketh yet wyll I declare what gessynge I haue wherewyth I maye shewe some certayntye of so great a thynge Bohemy no doute is come in the election for his cōmodyous sytuatyon because yt is fensed round about To the Saxons hath Otho that was a prince of the Saxons bloud worthely geuen that honour for at that time was the same duchy most puissaunt The princes of Saxony kept Brandenburg at that time also the Emperours kinsmen and it may easely be gathered that Otho dyd fauer those contryes more than other duchyes I suppose that to y ◠countyshyp of Palatyn was geuen thys prerogatiue more than other princes dominions for none other cause than that to Charles the greatest posterity myght rebound thys honor so that it shuld be not only by the Saxons but part thereof shuld also be sent ouer to the Frankes for the countyes of Palatine were at that tyme of the kynred of Charles the greate What prayses thys ordinaunce of the princes Electors is worthye that can I not now sufficiently declare according to the worthynesse of it the dede proueth yt selfe what profite it hath broughte For by thys ordinaunce hath the Empyre remained in Germany aboue fyue hundreth yeares Besydes that is nothyng so good nor wholsome in mens estates than those counsels and ordinaunces whereby is auoided the occasion to alter of tymes the gouernaunce of Empyres whyche thynge by the goodnesse of God is done by thys instytutyon of the Electors By thys meanes is yt come to passe that the Empyre is prouyded that the traynefull and secrete conspiracyons of the byshoppe of Rome and Frenche kynge dyd not prospere whiche endeuoured oft to transferre the hyghnesse of the Empyre from the Germanes to the Frenchemen The Emperoure also hath more sauegarde or defence of the princes when he is chosen by their cōsent and lesse stryfe can ryse for the election when the desyres of the chefe princes consent to one Besydes this also forsomuche as the maiestie of the empyre is remitted to many princes together it is to be trusted that the state of the empire shalbe both stronger and more durable then if it dyd stycke by the succession of one bloude All these thynges make for that purpose that no great stryfe come by reson of the election or choysyng and also that the heade of the West empyre be in some certayn place and that because the concorde and tranquillitie of the religion in all this West kyngdome be maynteined vnder one certayne heade The Athenians in tymes past auaunced their ordinaunce of the Areopagites with great prayses lykewyse dyd the Lacedemonians their statutes of the Ephories and that worthely for by them remained their common welthes stedfaste a great while But forsoth this in stituciō of Otho made of the Electors as it is farre more profitable so it is worthy muche more prayse and auauncement as by the whiche stablenesse of the empyre and constant religion are mainteyned many yeares not onely in one or other citie or contrey but in the whole Weste And the princes Electors ought worthely make muche of this their prerogatiue First because of the whole Christiantie that by them is this hyghnesse set aparte For they are as a stedfast heade wherewith foreuer all this Weste kyngdome is kept and bounde together for they maye be called
y â— yere MDxvii wrote Martin Luther fyrst against the Romysh byshops pardons from thence rose many disputacioÌ„s after ward whiche thynge caused no small alteracionin the churche by the Germanes Charles the .v. the .xxxix. Germane Emperoure â—He yeare MD. xix was Charles the .v. chosen Emperoure the nepheu to Maximilians kynge of Spayne prince of Eastenryche and Burgundy The Electors sent into Spayne to shewe Charles of this election Friderick count Palatine Wherfore the next yeare after he came into Germany and was crowned Emperoure at Aken The yeare MDxxv was Frances the Frenche kyng taken by Pauy in Lombardy by the Emperoures souldiours in a felde and afterwarde brought into Spayne Charles vsed a very incredible gentlenesse moderacion of mynde in so great prosperitie of victory For he dyd not onely let fre the Frenche kyng restoryng hym to his kyngdom but also bounde hym with affinitie to hym geuing hym his syster Leonora to wyfe The capitaines of the battail whereof we saied euen now were Nicolas couÌ„t of Salma George of FruÌ„sberg knight Mark Sittich duke Burbon the marques Piskerame The same yeare were raysed in Germany horrible and neuer afore herde comotions by vplandishe men in Elsace Schwaben FrankenlaÌ„d ThuringeÌ„ and in those contreis that lye by the Rhene This commotion was alayed by the great force armes of the princes so that within the space of thre monethes nere hande were slame in battaill aboue hundreth thousand vplaÌ„dysh men none other wyse theÌ„ as beastes Moreouer one called Schapler wrote xii artickes of the ChristeÌ„ libertie among the whiche this was euen the chefest Tribute ought not to be geuen to the magistrate or superioritie By thys doctrine vpon hope to get libertie the gretest part of the rustikes beyng enflamed it is saide to haue taken weapons agaynst their lawfull magistrate In the towne of Thuringen called Mulhausen was a preacher called Thomas Mynter The same preached openly that he shoulde restore the decayed state of the churche and dyd boiste that reuelacions were priuely shewed him and that Gedeons sword was geuen hym to roote out the tyranny of the vngodly He led forth by heapes the vplandish men and commaunded the houses of gentlemen to bee spoyled and the goodes of monasteries to be polled and waisted But when the rustical armies spoiled euery where without order the prince of Saxony and Landgraue of Hesse destroied them Thomas Mynter and some of his felowes were takeÌ„ and beheaded and were punyshed for their enterpryse This Mynter was the first begynner of the madde erroure of the Anabaptistes which yet causeth muche ado in Germany The yere MDxxv dyd Iohn Oecolampadius at Basel and Huldrich zwinglius in zwizerlande fyrst of all with there writing renewed the doctrine of Berengarius that in the bread and wyne was not really present the body and bloude of Christe though the yeare before the learned man Andrew Carolostadius had proposed the same argument The yeare MDxxvi was Lewis kyng of HuÌ„gary 〈…〉 ayne by Solyman the Turkysh Emperour The yere MDxxvij dyd duke Burbon brynge the Emperoures hoost to Rome the citie was besieged and taken and also spoyled The byshop of Ro. constrayned by necessitie into the Castell angel yelded hymselfe to the Emperoures men but the Emperoure of his gentlenesse let hym fre agayne and restored hym to hys former dignitie that the common peace of Christendome were nothyndered The yere MDxxix went Charles into Italy was receaued of all princes and cities with moste hygh honoures The same yeare in the moneth of October the Turkysh Emperoure Solyman brought about a hundreth and fourty thousand men into Germany whiche nomber they shoulde afterward haue boasted themselues in the citie Cracowe in Polen and besieged the citie Vienne certayn wekes and assaulted it greueously But Friderick count Palatine apointed by the empire captaine of the souldiours gatheryng an army with all spede sent it to VieÌ„ne thre dayes before the Turke besieged it Philippe counte Palatine was with them in the citie VieÌ„ne Wherfore by the gracious fauoure of God was the citie Vienne so strongly defended that the Turkish tyrauÌ„t was fayne to turne backe agayn with great shame and losse of hys host The messaunger of the Poles is reported to haue sayde that in the assault of Vienne were slayne about foure score Turkes and partely to haue dyed by the waye for lacke of â—itayls and fearcenesse of the colde The yeare MDxxx. the .xxij. daye of February was Charles crowned Emperoure at Bonony by Clemens the byshop of Rome with a great solemnitie and coste After that went he agayne into Germany and came on Corpus Chist euen at Ausborow wherthe parliament was adiourned The chefe princes of Germany came thether of whom Charles the Emperoure was receaued with high honour Though the Emperour assaied many waies to appeace y â— debates in the religion to restore them into a quietnesse yet could no certayne thynge be brought to passe or ordeined in so great diuersitie of myndes At the last commaunded he by an open commaundement to retaine and kepe the accostumed maners of ceremonies and the doctrine afore vsed The same yeare the eight daye of October was an ouerflowynge at Rome so greate as no man coulde remembre to haue bene sene and the same lasted about foure and twenty houres and when thys ouerflowynge stode styll in the place called Campo Flore the hyght of a longe moryshpycke many buildynges walles houses and goodes were destroyed When Leo was deade Adrianus alowe Germane borne at Vtrecht was made byshop of Rome After Adrianus was Clemens the .vij. chosen by of Ro. The same was taken by the Emperours hoost at Rome for makyng a confederacy with the Frenche kynge whome also he sent ayde agaynste the Emperor But the same iniury dyd y â— very good Emperoure dissemble with hygh softnesse and lest any occasion myght ryse of a greueous debate in Christendom he set the byshop of Rome ClemeÌ„s the .vij. at libertie of whome he was afterwarde crowned at Bonony Ferdinande the .xl. Germane Emperoure THe yeare MDxxx. was FerdinaÌ„de king of Hungary and Bohemy Archeduke of Eastenriche c. brother to Charles the Emperoure made kyng of the Romanes and that after the example of the auÌ„cient Emperours which were wont to take to them other that the empyre myght haue a successor and that when the other were deade no debate or occasion of warre myght ryse amonge the princes of the empyre This election was at Colen the yeare MDxxx. The yeare MDxxxi was Ferdinande after the election crowned at Aken in Ianuary The same yeare was a Comete sene in Germany Italy Fraunce and Englande about the syxte daye of Auguste and fyrst appeared it certayne dayes in the morning before Sunne rising after that folowed it the Sunne and was sene the space of iij wekes about the euenyng after Sunne sett vntyll the thyrd daye of September Hys
the administracion of the Germaynes had preserued in Ferdinandus kyngdom the same was by his owne Capitaynes and seruauntes betrayed and deliuered For many Launceknyghtes of the Germayne nation sawe with their eyes that the chief Capitaine of the Castell called Salamancko deliuered letters to the Turke with his owne handes ouer the walles at the tyme of the said assault Whereupon the Turkes came by heapes the .xix. day of August next folowyng to take the Castell in possession accordyng to the promise whiche the vpper Capitayne had made them whiche notwithstaÌ„dyng were put of agayn by the violence and power of the Germaines that knewe not of the sayde conspiracy commaunded the same sincerely and purely to bee preached thoroughout all his diocese and iurisdiction But this greued the Chapiter and the Citie of Collyn very sore wherfore they haue also hither to endeuoured them selues to worke vnto hym muche wo sorowe and persecution here and there by the hier powers God vouchsafe to preuente their bloudy counsailes and deuices and graunte them to be taken in their owne snares that his name in them may be sanctified Amen This yere also dyed at Ingolstade doctor Iohn Eckius a faithfull seruaunt and chaÌ„pion of the Pope and a defender of the abhominable Papacy But as his lyfe was full of all vngodlynes vnclennes blasphemy so was his ende myserable harde and pitifull insomuche that his laste worde as it is noted of many credible persones was this in case the foure thousand guldens were ready the matter were dispatched Some say that the Pope had grauÌ„ted hym a certaine Deanerych whiche he shoulde haue redemed from the courte of Rome with the saied summe And although some of his adherentes would fayne haue extolled hym into heauen wherfore also the sayde rumour was myghtely resisted with vayne excuses yet haue they not preuayled but opened his shame so muche the more the .xxvi. day of Nouember a certayn woman besydes Basell in a village called Renach brought furth a wonderfull burthen namely twoo chyldren fast together and double from the nauell vpwarde so that both their bellyes and brestes were growen together vnto their neckes their heades beyng parted lokinge one vpon an other and embrasing eche other with their armes FroÌ„ the nauel downeward it was but one childe wyth one arse membres of a manchilde â–ª two legges and two fete the one was alyue when it came into the worlde but it lyued not past an houre Also the fourth day of Iune were sene at WhiteÌ„ dall not far froÌ„ S. Ioachinis valley many sundry visions As .ii. cities against whoÌ„ 〈…〉 many LyoÌ„s with gonnes the reapeared many visages figures of men w t wonderful beardes one prayeng after the shape of Christ an other striking of a maÌ„s head an other sitting vpon a Camell was destroied of a lyon There apeared also .ij. maidens the one of theÌ„ playeng on a lute with other like wonderfull fantasies whiche altogether after my iudgement may represent vnto vs the pore flock of Christ scattered through out Germany DuchlaÌ„d which is assaulted persecuted of many lyons that shede much in noceÌ„t bloud yet is alwaies preserued enlarged through the earnest prayer of faithfull Christians according to the significacion of the lesser citie of theÌ„ both which increassed became larger larger the more she was assaulted of the lyons IN the yere of our lord 1544. the Emperoure Charles came againe into Germany heloâ— a councell at Spier as it was apointed at Nurrenburg the yere before but what was there done concluded may all men perceiue by the breakyng vp of the same councell In the meane season dyed y â— right peaceable prince Lodowike Palatine by y â— Rene electour imperial c. who as touchiÌ„g his peaceable behaueours might be called the father of the Empire For the celebration of whose buriall themperour the kyng went to Heidelbergh And after this was the election by the Rene graunted by the Emperours mai to duke Frederike palatiâ—e which had the daughter of Christierne king of DeÌ„mark had hitherto kept his court at Newemarke This â—andable prince after y â— he had aspired to this digniâ—â—â— endeuoured himselfe to y â— vtermost of his power to solowe the steppes of his brother of laudable memory Almighty God vouchsaue of his grace to preserue increase hym all lyke peaceable princes to the welfare of the christen common welth While this passed about the Rene themperoure caused his capitaines to take vp a great multitude of meÌ„ in the coÌ„treis of Germany BurguÌ„dy Spaine a sent first 7600. Germayns 4800. Spanyardes 12800. Italians with 1500. horses of whoÌ„ was chief capitain markes de quassâ— to inuaded the Frenche kyng through Piemont And where the said army came within a duche myle of Carniol for so it is called of the warriours they were assaulted of the kynges hoste whiche was but litell stronger then themperours hoste Wherfore they brought themselues bothe at once in battellraye stode on two hilles whence the one might well beholde the other betwene them beneth was a depe muddy valley with dyches full of foul water Nowe when neither part would geue ouer his holde aueÌ„ture through the mudde the dyches there was many a shot made betwene them vntyll at the last the said Markes put furward the Spanyardes promising them comfortably to assiste them with the Italians and with the horsemen insomuch that they attempted with their armures and artillery to wade thorough the mudde and myre against their enemies whereupon the sayde enemies stoode styll vntyll they sawe the Emperours hooste troubled and pestered in the myre in suche sorte as they could kepe none ordre for euery man had ynough to do to saue hymselfe out of the mudde Then went they downe easely with their ordinaunce fell vpon theÌ„ that were entangled toke certaine horsemeÌ„ whiche had brokeÌ„ the aray that was made agayn And vpon this they russhed among them without violence Nowe when the Duchemen and the Spanyardes trusted that theyr superiours woulde succour them wyth the Italians and the horsmen the sayde bolde and stoute champion turned hys backe with them and fled sufferyng thesayde poore men to perysh without any succour So that in this battayll were slayne about .viij. M. Dutchemen and Spanyardes among whom were many olde expert warriours and .ij. M. of them were taken prysoners whiche were well intreated of the Swychers as prysoners by them coÌ„ducted out of the kynges dominions vntill they came within a littell dayes yourney of Geneue And if the Swychers had not shewed them suche kyndnes they had bene all kylled of the Frenchemen besides that they were so taken spoyled of all thinges euen to their shertes Wherfore they be herein muche bounde to thanke the Swytchers After this when the conuocatioÌ„ or counsaill was coÌ„cluded at Spyers euery prince
byshop not longe after Philippe sonne to Barbarossa the .xxii. Germane Emperour THe yeare of Christ M.C.xcviii was chosen Emperour Philippe the sonne of Barbarossa duke of Schwaben and gouernour of Italy on y ◠Emperours behalfe he raygned ten yeares In hys tyme rose greate vproures in Germanye For whan Henrye was deade haystynge out of Italy Philippe dyd admonysh the princes electors of the election had of hys yonge cosyn made Emperoure And that the empyre shulde haue no alteracyon ether they shulde cōmitte to hym the admynistracyon or make hym Emperoure and none other prince But whan Innocentius the Bysh of Rome smelled that he dyd earnestly procure by the princes electors that another Emperour shulde be chosen shewyng openly he coulde not brouke Philippe for he was displeased wyth hym because that whan he was gouernoure in Italye he had done I wote not what agaynst the Byshop of Rome wherefore also he was excommunicated of Innocentius But nowe had alegat absolued Philippe of the excommunication wo also was punyshed therefore of the Byshopp of Rome But what nede many wordes The byshop of Ro. hated all Fredericks kinred intended ▪ to rout it out Wherefore was chosen by the electors Emperour Bertholdus duke of zaryngē who besyde y t he was riche was worthy noprayse in a maner Philipp was in the toune Mulhausen where were come also many princes as of Bohemy Saxony Baier Schwaben of whome he was made Emperour But whan the duke of zeryngē knewe that he was weaker than Phlippe of pussaunce and power he came frely to him and yelded himselfe as to his lyege lord refusing to take vpon him the naming of the Emperiall maiesty But the byshopp of Ro. ceassed nothyng the more of his forepryse but broughte to passe that the prince of Brunswich Otho the fourth of that name sonne to Henrye that fled was made Emperoure of the bysh of Colen and county af Palatine The same dyd Innocentius confirme and crowne cursynge and excommunicating Philippe Wherefore went from hym to Otho not a fewe princes the prince of Bohemye the erle of Thuringen Herman and the byshop of Argentine or Strasburg But yet dyd God in the meane season prosper Philips affaires insomuche that he gouerned the empyre all the tyme of hys lyfe Fyrst goynge in Alsace he toke in Strasburg and compelled the byshop of Strasburge to yelde hymselfe In the meane tyme was Otho come tyll Spyre but he also was dryuen backe by Philippe into Saxony and as Philippe folowed now vpon hym into Thuryngen thether came the kynge of Bohemy and y e erle of Thuryngen But they refusyng to geue battayl yelded thēselues to Philppe Afterwarde besyegynge the citye Colen also he compelled the bysh to yelde himselfe who though he had crowned Otho before yet crowned he Philyppe also at Achen wyth the Emperyall crowne Not longe after Otho strengthened wyth the succourse of some byshops he forsoke the byshoppe of Colen because he was fallen to Philippe but than returned Philippe to Colen and fought some feldes wyth Otho and gat the victory but Otho fled into Englande At the laste whan the princes sawe that Othoes parte was weakened and that Phylippe kept the empyre who also made hym selfe familiar with the princes He had to wyfe Irene doughter to the Emperour of Constantinople of the which he had foure doughters whereof he maryed the one to the kynge of Bohemes sonne another gaue he to the prince of Brabant Than I saye whan the princes sawe all these thinges they deuised to make an accorde To the bishop of Rome wer Legates sent to make an atonement betwene him and Philippe and also that Otho shuld be taken in fauoure Wherefore the Bysh of Rome sendyng embassiadours into Germany Phylippe the Emperoure was absolued of the excommunicatyon The agrement was made also that Otho shulde marye one of the dougdters to the intent the bande of the concorde and familiaritye made myght the better be kepte betwene both partees All thys was done But whan this agrement and leage was made Philip dwelt afterward at Bamberg And vpon a day whan he was lettē bloud and the good prince suspected now no harme and had in hys chamber no more wyth hym than the Chaunceler and hys karuer of Walpurch ther came in to him Otho of Witelspache whose kynred Friderick the first had made honorable famous by geuynge him the duchy of Baier The same whan he sawe that the Emperour was alone without any company or ayde he fell sodenly vpon hym not thinkyng any thing and stroke a greate wounde in the Emperoures necke The Karuer came runnynge to helpe hys prince but the murtherer by reason of hys swyftnesse escaped Thys woūd was deadly to Philipp and as he was deade he was buryed at Bamberg But afterwarde was the bodye dygged vppe and brought to Spyre by Fridericke the .ii. Vpon the stone that lyeth on the graue is written Philipp of Bamberg Nether wanted Otho of Wytelspache the murtherer finally his worthy punyshment for he hym selfe was slayne also not longe after Of the institution of the freres beggynge ordres IN the tyme of Philippe founded Dominicus and Franciscus the Orders of beggynge Freres For the monkes or chanons that were ryche the same beynge now become mighty lordes despising the seruice of teachynge in the Churche or congregacyon went to warre wyth y e Emperoures and princes Therfore beganne these two men than to preache and toke to their companions sobre and peaceable men as men geuen to learnynge and thus beganne that thinge After that began more orders after the example of these as it commeth moost communely to passe as oft as new thynges begynne to be wondered at But as nothyng remayneth stedfast alway and durable in his degre in mens affayres euen so do we se the orders of Freres and monkes to lose theyr state and doctrines Otho the fourth the .xxiii. Germane Emperoure THE yeare of Christ M.CC.ix. after that Philippe was deade fell the maiestye of the empyre to Otho prince of Brunswich who was chosen Emperoure afore also agaynste Philipp He raygned after Philips decease foure yeares But wythin these foure yeares went he fyrst to Rome and receaued the Imperiall crowne of Innocentius In Italy vsed he a very kynglye and mooste costly apparelynge and shewed a notable grauitye toward all princes and cityes insomuch that they all dyd humbly worshyp hym After hys coronacion toke he some imperyall cityes whyche the Romysh bysh dyd possede but thys was an occasyon of the breche of frendeshyp with the bysh of Rome Wherefore Innocentius dyd accurse Otho euen whan he was yet present in Italy and before Otho came agayne into Germany he sent ambassadours to the princes that they should choyse another Emperoure namely Frederick the seconde sonne to Henry the vi It was very proudly and cruellye done of the Bysh of Rome so to excommunicate and accurse the Emperoures nether
Bohemy and made his sonne kyng of Bohemy He dyd so tame Bohemy and Mentz whiche made fyndely confederacions together that they obeyed the empyre At the last was he slayne of his brothers sonne some erles of Eastenryche It was happely Gods pleasure so lest the manslaughter that he had done against Adolfe the Emperoure should be vnpunyshed For though he was not of lyke power yet in the meane season ought he to haue worshipped him as his lorde ordeyned of God The kyllers of hym were punyshed also For God letteth not manquellers vnpunyshed Benedictus the .x. was byshop of Rome after Bonifacius the .viij. The remouing of the Romysh byshops se from Rome into Fraunce WHen Benedictus the .x. was deade Clemens the .v. was made byshop of Rome The same dwelt at Lions in Fraunce absolued the Frenche kyng of the excommunication Wherfore sence that tyme which was the yeare M. cccv was the byshop of Romes see translated from the citie Rome to Auinion in Prouence a contry of Fraunce .xvii. yeres At this tyme were the Fratriâ—elli whiche were euen of lyke opinion with the Anabaptistes that in oure dayes go astraye their opinion was that noman should haue ought propre or of hys owne that Christen men should not gouerne coÌ„mon welthes and suche lyke madde opinions had they Of the Turkes IN the tyme of Albert of Eastenriche began the kynred of Othomanus to grow among the Turkes in power and estimacion of whose bloude are spronge those kynges of the Turkes that raygne at this tyme. Henry the .vij. called of Lucelburg the .xxx. Germane Emperoure THhe yere of Christ M. cccix was chosen Emperoure Henry the prince of Lucelburg He reigned .vi. yeares For in the meane tyme that the Romish bishop was in Fraunce the Frenche kyng desyred inordinatly the dignitie of the empire and trusted to obteayne his request througe the consent of the Romish byshop But the coÌ„corde was not long durable betwene the byshop the Frenche kyng Wherfore the byshop aduertised the princes Electours whiche had now long disagreed for the electioÌ„ to hayste to choyse an Emperoure with one consent the prince of Lucelburg who at that time was demed a most renowmed prince for his wysdome ioyned with hygh grauitie As he was chosen strayght waye dyd the byshop of Rome coÌ„firme hym And thus was the FreÌ„che kyng disapointed of his request endeuoure â–ª to remooue the dignitie of the Romish empire to him First toke he from the duke of Wirtenberg al his goodes because he was a rebel to the empyre To his sonne Iohn gaue he the kyng of Bohemies daughter in mariage by this meanes became Iohn prince of Lucelburg the father of Charles the iiij kyng of Bohemy Afterward went he into Italy with a great army and made Italy so afrayde of hym as no Emperoure had done a greate whyle before hym Some cities woulde not yelde them to hym without they were compelled by force namely Cremona and Brixia the residue obeyed frely At Rome was he crowned Emperoure He besyeged Florence with a heuy and strayght syege at the whiche tyme as it is reported a frere of y â— preachers order or Black freres that was made out of the Florentines destroied Henry with venim whiche he strake vpon the syngynge breade yea and the byshop of Rome hymselfe also beynge now armed with hys weapons threatened Henry wyth the dart of excommunicacion as he perceaued that he began to be sett by in Italy Ludouicus or Lewis the Baier the .xxxi. Germane emperoure And agaynst hym was chosen Emperour Frederick Duke of Eastenriche THe yere of Christ M. cccxiiij were assembled together at Franckforde the princes Electors the bysh of Mentz â–ª Trier and Colen Ihon kyng of Bohe my Rudolphe counte Palatine of the Rene Rudolphe duke of Saxony Volcmarus marques of Brandenburg On saynct Lucies daie was chosen Emperoure Lewis the Baier by the byshops of Mentz Trier the kyng of Bohemy and Marques of Brandenborowe And agaynst hym was chosen Friderick duke of Eastenriche be the byshop of Colen the cunte Palatine and duke of Saxony Lewis was crowned Emperoure at Aken Frederick at Bonne This controuersye in chosynge brought an occasion of greate inwarde or ciuyll warre in Germany The duke of Eastenriche had fauourers the byshop of Rome the kynges of Fraunce and Bohemy the Schwabes the counte of Palatine them of Strasborow and other cities many But God prospered Lewis who was lesse of power destitute of mans ayde He raygned .xxxiij. yeares The yeare M. cccxxiij dyd they stryke a felde by the floude Nechare whereof both sydes many were slayne The yeare M. cccxxv on saynt Michaels euen gaue Lewis a greate battaill to Frederick Frederick did ayde Lupoldus hys brother ioyned wyth hym the Schwaben and Switcers and a greate parte of the Hungarians As for Lewis dyd folow the kyng of Bohemy and the erle of Norenberg and some other princes Now when Lupoldes taried so long that he could not passe the water y â— host of Eastenriche was slayne and Friderick was taken by a Franke whose name was Ebrarde Mosbach the same led hym to the erle of Norenberg who sent hym to Lewis But when Lupoldus sawe he coulde not helpe hys brother he was so angry and ragious that he had in a maner vndone hymselfe had not hys men refrayned hym whiche also consayled hym to withdrawe nether dyd rashly cast hymselfe into the daunger Afterwarde assayed Lupoldus many thynges inuayne both by the byshop of Rome and also the Frenche kyng that he myght take his brother awaye by force for the FreÌ„che kyng made no greate force of a strange matter Friderick was a prysoner the space of thre yeares in a castel in Baierlande at the last when the controuersy was brought to a poynt he was let louse vpon this condicion that he shoulde renounce the empyre whiche thing when he had frely promised he was restored into Eastenriche by Lewis Of this wyse behaued Lewis hymselfe very gently toward his enemy Lupoldus yet in the meane tyme not ceassynge of raysynge commocions euen after that Frederick was deliuered Afterwarde dyd Iohannes the .xxij. cast hys thonder boltes of coursyng agaynst Lewis the Emperoure because he vsed the Imperyall aucthoritie and empyres gouernaunce in Italy before hys coronacion Thereof rose an occasion of a greate diuision in Germany and that lasted about .xxiiij. yeares In the meane tyme rose here and there greate sedicions in the empyre and cyties and one parte busyed to dryue out and oppresse the other by conspiracion And though Lewis desyred absolution not once but often of the byshop of Rome yet could he not obtayne it wyth any prayers so that both Benedictus that was after Iohannes and other many and honest men dyd refuse the processe There are yet now a dayes wrytynges of the controuersie wherein the Romyshe byshop Iohannes the .xxii. is not ashamed to boaste
haue referred to that tyme when the kyngdome of Babilon and Niniue the citie were not yet diuided euen when the Assyrians reygned only at Babylon Agathias wryteth in the seconde booke of the Gothian warre that Ctesias set the nomber of the yeares and the order of the Monarchies of thys wyse As for Ctesias was a Grecian who when Artaxerxes Mnemon and Cyrus the yonger warred with eche other he was also in the army and was a Phisician Beynge taken in warre he was at the last caried to Babylon where he was honestly entreated and then readynge the hystoryes of Babylon he set the nomber of that kyngdome in an order of this wyse From Ninus vntyll the begynnyng of the Medes kyngdome wiche did deciuer from the Assyryans the fyrste are M. CCC lx yeares and this order do all those obserue that wrote afterwarde Diodorus Siculus and Iustinus Diodorus Siculus wrote of this wyse in his thyrde booke Lyke wyse also the resydue of the kynges thyrty in nomber helde the kyngdome vntyll Sardanapulus by whose tyme the kyngdome of the Assyrians which had lasted M. CCC lx yeares as wryteth Ctesias in the seconde booke fell to the Medes Iustinus sayeth of this wyse The assyrians who afterwarde were called Syria had the gouernaunce M. CCC yeres Herodotus doth passe ouer somthynge in the meane tyme that the decayeng kyng dome of the Assyrians came to the Medes I thynke this also that these yeares of Ctesias concernyng the begynnyng of Babylon to be vnderstand from the tyme of Nembroth not Ninus The Medes reigned after the fallyng from the Assyrians vntil Cyrus about thre hundreth yeres as Agathias gathereth out of Ctesias The kyngdome of the Perses vntill Alexander dyd last CCxxviij yeres as witnesseth Agathias and some Grecian wryters Alexander and his posteritie kept Babylon vntyll the tyme that the power of the Parthians beganne to grow and Agathias setteth CCC yeres seuen lesse and that is from Alexander vntyll Augustus tyme. Afterward raigned the Parthians in the Easte hundreth yeares vntil the tyme of Alexander Seuerus the Emperoures and then dyd Artaxerxes the Persian stick through and slaye Artabanus the last kyng of the Parthians And of this wyse came the East kyngdom agayne to the Perses which were myghty vntyll Mahomets tyme. For the successors of Mahomet inuaded the Perses and teke in the empire of whole Arabia But the Turkes toke from them afterwarde Syria and Asia the lesse And thus were the kyngdomes of the Easte tossed finally with diuerse mutaciōs the one people was oftymes remoued to the other It is greatly necessary to ouerlaye all these thynges and often to consyder them that the order of all tymes and histories may be knowen aryght An addition vnto the Cronicle of Iohn Carion contaygnyng the actes and histories come to passe in dyuers and sundry partes of the worlde from the yere of our lorde MDxxxij vnto the yeare of our lorde MD. L. excerpted and gathered out of the best historiographers by Iohn Funke of Nourenborough And caused to be translated by Gwalter Lynne AT the entraunce or beginning of the conuocation holden at Ratisbone or Raynesborough in the yere of our lorde MD. xxxij in lent ther lay at Nurrenborough certayn princes electours with many other nobles of the empire among whom were as principall Albert Archebyshop of Mogunce or Mence Lodowike Palatine of the Rhyne Iohn Frederike duke of Saxon and electour imperiall whiche princes nobles did there treate and consulte vpon matters of religion and about the establishing of kyng Ferdinandus to whose election as to be king of the Romains the said Iohn duke of Saxō electour imperiall would not accorde nor consent and after much intreataunce they obtayned of themperours maiestie a graunt and promes of a sure and stedfast peace vntil the next general coūsail that was to come yea and is to come yet euen at this day Other notable actes cōcerning matters of religiō was there none concluded in that conuocation For Soliman Emperoure of the Turkes was vp with all his power and inuaded the lande of Hungary wherefore the Christian princes were constrained with all spede and strenght possible to prepare themselues to resist the said aduersary Insomuche that there was prepared suche an armie and hoost of men of diuers nacions as neuer was sene before in all Germany y ◠beginnyng wherof was about the feast of S. Iohn the baptist the warriours of the towne of Nurenburgh beinge the firste that arryued at Weene in Austriche for there was all the whole hoost appointed to assemble and come together the same assembling continued vntil the feast of saint Bartholome we next ensuyng The nombere of Duche pietons or footemen was about foure score thousande stoute and valiaunt fyghting men And of the horse men there was about .xxiiij. thousand The Bohemes were in the nomber aboue twenty thousande All these lay about Wyene by the ryuer called the Danube a lycle myle frō the towne Their chefe capitaine was the right noble and mighty prince lord Frederick Palatine of the Rene c. nowe being electour imperiall About the said towne laye also vpon a fifty thousand Spanyardes whiche in these affayres vsed but small kyndnesse towardes the germaynes For in their passage from the Countie of Tyroll ouer the Eye and the Danube into Austrich they burned certayn strong holdes and townes well inhabited and some they pylled and with women and maydens they wrought suche vylanye and enormitie whiche is horrible to be spoken that many of them dyed thorough their said outtragiousnes The goodly and plesaūt Citie of Krembes was vtterly by thē subuerted and brent vp except fourtenne houses wyth certayne walles After this when they lacked vitualles in their campe for the space of one daye they russhed with violence before the Cytie of Wyene wherein the Emperoure and the kyng had theyr beyng wyth a great nombre of other greate men of armes and warriours whiche were come thether wyth them and would haue assaulted and ouerrunne the same towne if the Germaynes had not the sooner resysted them and letted their enterpryse In the meane season the Turke layde syege to a certayne lytle Towne called Guns whiche lyeth about twelue or thirtene myles from Wyene in the coastes of Hungary and assaulted the same most fiercely by the space of twelue dayes during the which tyme he sought all meanes possyble to subuerte and ouerthrowe the same But the right noble and worshypfull Syr Nicolas Iuristhi knight and Ruler of the sayed towne dyd so manfully and valiauntly behaue hymselfe in those affayres wyth hys cytesens or bourgeouses beyng in nombre about eight hundreth men and one hundred souldiours whiche were layde there in garnison for the sauegarde of the same towne that the Turke maruayled not a lyttell of it Wherefore he promised vnto the sayed Ruler fre passage and saulf conduct and hauing personally himself talked w t him did highly prayse him for his
oriental corner stretchyng her blasyng tayle towardes the southwest The second day of Nouember was there a great inundacion of water brokē in into Freeseland Holland Seeland and Flaunders which was very damageable to the said countreis and to thinhabiters therof Also Christerne kyng of Norway being retourned into his said kyngdome the yeare before from the parties of lowe Ducheland where he had kept hym selfe by the space of ten yeres was required by the counsayll of Denmarke to come to Copmanhauen otherwyse called Coppenhagen against kyng Fredericke whiche was put in there by the helpe of the towne of Lubeke when the said Christerne fled out of the Realme that he myght there receyue and take in possession the kyngdome of Denmarke but when he suspected no guyle relented and put away hys souldiours and came into Denmarke the Counsayll of the Lande toke hym prisoner not regardinge the promises and saulf conduit by them made vnto hym And so they kept hym in the castel of Sunderborough oute of the whiche he came neuer as yet So that after this kinge Frederick did peaceably enioye his kingdome vntyll he dyed At Lindowe by the sea coaste was in thys yeare borne a dubble calfe wyth two heades foure eares and eighte feete hanginge alltogether In the yere of our Lord M. ccccc xxxiij when y e Emperour namely Charles the fift had stablyshed vnity and concord among the Princes and Cities of Italy and Lumbardy he departed wyth a competent and wel appointed Armada or Nauye from Genua and hauynge a prosperous passage arryued within fewe dayes after in Spayne where he was receyued of hys subiectes wyth great ioye After this by the counsayll and instigation of themperours Maiestye the Shypmaiesters and maryners of Spayne founde oute certayne Indes or Ilandes in the sea beynge vnknowen before whyche do so excedynglye abounde in ryches of golde and syluer that it is vnspeakeable These toke they in by force of armes and subdued them vnder the subiection of the emperours Maiestye In thys yeare the Pope and Frauncys the Frenche kynge helde a solempne communycatyon together at Massylya whyche lyeth in the Prouynce of Fraunce where after manye and dyuers consultacyons it was concluded that Henry Duke of Orleans sonne to the sayde Frenche kynge shuolde marye Pope Clementes cosyne the doughter of Laurence Medyce Duke of Vrbyne wyth whome the Pope hadde promysed a ryche dowrye Thus hath thys Pope Clemente alwayes endeuoured hym selfe to allure and drawe vnto hym the hyghe Potentates and Rulers of the worlde by the helpe of whome he myghte extyrpate and roote oute the pore Chrystyans whome they call Lutheryans and Heretykes But God woulde not suffer it longe as it is wrytten There is no deuice nor counsayll agaynste the Lorde but it shall come to naughte In the same yeare the myghtye bond and confederatyon of the Germayne Natyon which was called the Euangelycall confederacyon or the bonde of the Gospell beynge kepte secrete of manye was at the prouocatyon of the Frenche kynge opened and disclosed There apeared also another Comete or blasynge starre from the ende of the moneth of Iune vnto the begynnynge of Auguste in the Northe and in the sygnes of Gemyny Taurus and Aryes thoroughe the whyche sygnes she made her course in her goynge backewarde hauyng her tayle extended towardes the South And thys was the thyrde Comete or blasynge starre that hadde appered wethyn those two yeres What they portended or sygnyfyed or what alteracyon of Estates and other thynges they broughte wyth them maye a dyscreete reader gather and perceyue by the Storyes herafter folowing For suche wonderfull workes of God althoughe they come by the course of nature yet are they not wythoute theyr specyall workynge It is sayde also that in this yeare of M. CCCCC xxxiii the Deuyl burned a lyttell Toune in Germanye called Shyltagh downe to the grounde by the meanes of a certayne wythche on maundy thursdaie The fyfte daye of October in the nyghte burned at Andwarpe the Churche called our ladye Churche beynge sodaynly sette on fyre At Nurrenboroughe and in manye other places of thempyre lyenge there aboute reygned thys yeare a greate Pestylence in so muche that at Nurrenboroughe onelye from S. Margretes daye vntyll S. Martins day folowinge dyed ten thousande persons The sixtene day of Nouember was a great earthquake and an horryble tempeste of wynde whyche plaged and troubled the Townes in hygh Germany verye sore namely Cu◠Feldechurche S. Gall wyth other townes and vyllages lyenge nyghe vnto them by the Ryuer called the Rhene Thys yeare Henrye the eighte kynge of Englande c. for certayne consyderacyons hym therevnto mouynge was dyuorced from hys wyfe whiche had bene fyrste maryed to hys brother prynce Arthur and maryed another on wytsonday In the yeare of our Lorde M. CCCCC xxxiii in the moneth of Ianuary The Anabaptistes whyche had gathered them selues together out of Hollande and Freselande by preuy subteltyes and conspyracyes whych they had made with certayne burgeouses of the Cytye of Mynster in Westphale inuaded the same Cytye toke possessyon of it and expelled from thence al the Burgeoules and inhabytauntes therof that woulde not take parte wyth them and folowe theyr facultye They chose them also a kynge that was a Taylloure named Ihon of Leyden whyche ordeyned for hym selfe two specyall Counsayllours the one called Knypperdullynge and the other kreghtynge and in conclusyon they made suche a dysorder and confusyon whytin the sayde Cytye that not wythoute a cause all the people of Westephale dyd ryse agaynste them But when the ryghte noble Prynce Philyppe Landgraue of Hessen toke in hande to accorde the matter betwene the sayde Anabaptystes and the Byshoppe whome they had expelled he coulde nothynge preuayle so sore hadde the Deuyll blynded that Anabaptystycall generatyon Wherefore the sayde Byshoppe compassed the sayde Cytye wyth a greate power on euerye syede to thyntent he myghte ouercome and subdue them ether wyth the sworde or elles by famyne And althoughe there was greate scarcyte and lacke of vyctualles wythyn the saide Cyrye in so muche that at the laste they were sayne to eate lether and couerynges of bookes yet dyd they sustayne bearcoute prolonge and holde oute the sayde syege vntyll the next yeare folowynge wherof we shall speake more in place conuement In the meane season dyd Philip Landgraue of Hessen prepare hymselfe after the best maner to restore hys Vncle Duke Hulderyke of Wyrtenbergh agayne to hys Dukedome from whence he was expelled fyftene yeares before durynge the whyche tyme kynge Ferdynando had the gouernaunce and vse therof But fyrste because the sayde prince of Hessen woulde do nothynge presumptuously nor temeraryouslye he sente worde to themperoures Mayestye in Spayne and to the kynge in Austryche desyrynge them to restore hys said Vncle Duke Hulderyke to hys Landes agayn for so muche as he had nowe suffered sufficient punyshemente for hys
weakened and tossed wyth troublous commocions howbeit in the meane season be they so kept by Godes prouidence that they do not wholy perysh Lewis the thyrd left no soâ—â— after hym and therefore stroue the Frankes and Sacons together to make Otho duke of Saxony Emperour but the good prince withstode the same not wylling that to the moost noble stocke of Charles shulde happen suche a reproch Therefore counselled he to make Conradus duke of the Frankes Emperoure Of thys wyse succeded Conradus in the empyre but Otho was in more greater authority whyle Conradus lyued he dispatched more busynesses also yet in the meane time shewed he great loyalty and honestye toward Conradus the Emperoure But in the meane tyme vsurped Berengarius duke of Foroiulium the name of the Emperoure in Italy and enticed the Hungarians that they shuld spoyle Germany agayn but Conradus ouer came those by the ayde of Otho But whan Otho was deade Conradus the Emperour fearyng happely lest the son of Otho Henry the Fouler shoulde growe ouermuche in power therefore wythdrue he parte of those thynges whyche before he had graunted hys father Otho And whan Henry toke it greueouslye the Empetoure endeuoured to slaye him by an intrap and to bryng thys to passe was y e byshop of Mentz made out But the intrap was disclosed Than was Henry very greuously moued â–ª went home and toke from the byshop of Mentz all that was hys dominion in the land of Turyngen and Hesse But hereof rose a greate warre betwene the Frankes and Saxons But whan Conradus was a dyenge callyng to him his brother Eberardus he commaunded hym to brynge the Emperyall croune to Henry duke of Saxony for him he iudged best worthy to gouern the Empyre He admonyshed prince Eberarde also with al diligence to make an ende of the warr that he had taken in hande wyth Henry duke of Saxonye lest the Frankes that were yet alyue shuld vtterly he roated out and perysh For he marked wel that God prospered Henryes affayres To thys counsell dyd duke Eberardus agre willyngly and bringyng the crowne to Henry and makyng peace on both sydes he was afterward loyall to Henry And by thys occasyon came it to passe that the empyre was remoued from the successors of Charles the greate to the Saxons The genealogye of Charles the greate Charles the great Emperoure Lewis te Gentle whose sonnes were these thre Lewis the German he had Almany subdued y â— Bohemes his sonnes wer Lewis charles y â— grosse which toke y â— empyre froÌ„ Charles the bald and Carolomanus the sonne of Carolomanê° was Arnolphus who raygned after Charles the Grosse Lotharius y â— Emperoure He had Loraine Italy his sonn was Lewis the seconde the .iiij. Germane Emperoure He droue y â— Saracens out of Italy After him woulde the bishop of Rome transferre the empyre to the Frenchmen vpon Charles y â— balde but the sonnes of Lewis y â— Germane restored the empyre agayn to y e Germanes â–ª Charles the balde kynge of Gallia or Fraunce his sonne was Lewis the stammerer kynge of Fraunce The sonnes of Arnolfus were Lewis the .iij. Emperoure Conradus and hys sonnes were Eberardus whose successors are the princes of y e Frankes Conradus the last emperoure of this linage Not longe after was the kyngdome of Fraunce also translated from the posteritye of Charles the greate So lytle doeth anye thynge remayne euer sted fast in his estate among men so that the generacions of great prynces do now florish in the height now agayne layde in the duste to be weakened and discouraged Anastasius the .iij. the .cxxiiij. byshop of Rome succeded Sergius Lando was made the .xxv. byshop after Anastasius Ioannes the .xi. succeded Lando Henry the .i. surnamed the Fouler the ix Emperoure of Germany THe yeare of Christ .ix. C. xx was Henry the fyrste surnamed the Fouler duke of Saxon made Emperoure he raygned seuenten yeares He was not crouned of the bishop of Rome nether went into Italy though twayne toke vpon them the name of the Emperoure and by vproure raysynge battayll fought now and than a great felde For Henry had busynesse more than ynough in Germany which the good prince apeaced wyth greate diligence accordinge to hys syngular policye and endeuored to make it more excellent Surely the kyngdome of Germany dyd neuer in a maner want vprourish commotions ther was almost neuer an Emperour chosen wythout the sedition of some princes which went aboute to take vpon them the name of the Emperoure Yet was God alway wyth those Emperours that were duâ—lly called detended the authoritye of the lawfull empyre and the sedicious were punished Arnolde duke of Bayerlande set him selfe wyth hurtfull enterpryse agaynst Henry who recountred y e Baiers wyth appointed armyes but behauynge himselfe not as an enemy he requyred to speake wyth duke Arnolde familiarly He reasoned wyth hym earnestly admonyshed hym that the maiesty of the empyre is geuen of God yf it were so that he wer chosen Emperoure by the consente of other prynces than wolde he frely geue place and be ready y â— fyrst that shuld submitte themselues Duke Arnold shewed these thynges to his counsel which answered That it were euident that Salomons sayenge of wysedome were most true which is By me do kynges rule And for asmuch as it appeareth euidently ynough that Henry is endued with wisedome and gentlenesse it is no dout but God doth assiste him he shuld therfore thenceforth leaue of from his enterpryse nether to go about any thing against Henry Wherefore duke Arnolde ceased obeied frely without y e slaughter of any of his men Who I pray you wold not saye y â— these Germane princes were no Barbaryans and that they excelled in pryncely wisedome high gentlenesse This is also wrytteÌ„ that S. Vdalryck had a visty on of the duke of Baierland which he obserued For it was shewed him by God that the duke had a swearde wythout hyltes or handel wherby was signified that the duke shulde not vse the sweard that is that he shuld not retayn the empyre Wherefore he admonyshed the duke to do nothyng vnaduisedly After that dyd Henry take Brandenburge and the Vandales beyng subdued they receaued the Christen fayth vntyl the see He besieged the city Praga and brought the Bohemes to the Empyre After that vanquyshed he fourty thousand Hungaryans by Mersburge whereby he gatte hym a great renowme and drede by the straunge nacions and gat tranquillitye to al Germanye He restored the contry of Lothring or Lorayn to the kingdom of Germany and gatt the speare that Christe was pearsed through of Rudolphe kyng of Burgundy the same was Constantinus wont to haue Henry the Fowler beynge now neare to his death made his sonn Othe succeder in y e empyre after him lest any stryfe shuld happen in the empyre after hys death concernyng the possession of it Leo the .vi. succeded
the C. xxvii byshop after Ioannes the .xi. Stephanus succeded Leo. After Stephanus was Ioannes the .xii. the. C xxix byshop Leo the .vii. succeded Ioannes the. xii Stephanus the â–ª viij a Germane the C. xxxi â–ª byshop succeded Leo. Otho the .i. the .x. Germane Emperoure OTho the fyrst the sonne of Henry the Fowler beganne hys domynyon the yeare of Christ .ix. C. xxxviii and raigned .xxxvi. yeares He toke the emperyall crowne at Aken of the byshop of Mentz In the begynnynge of Othes gouernaunce rose thre greate and daungerous vproures at one tyme. The doers of the fyrste vproure were Eberardus the Palatine and Giselbert prince of Lorain These because they were of the posteritie and linage of Charles the greate affirmed that the empyre came from the Saxons to the Frankes by right of succession and that such enterpryses myght seme to be more ryghtfull they drew on their syde Henry the elder brother of Otho vnder the pretence that by reason of the age he oughte to gouerne the empyre and not Otho Thys warre wyth the counte Palatine Eberardus and duke Giselbert lasted syxe yeares and many feldes were foughteÌ„ in the mean season Herman duke of Scwaben and Conradus duke of the Frankes toke the Emperours parte This Conradus of Worms called the wyse was cosyn to Eberardus These fought the last against y e enemies by Andernak with a great camp wherin Eberardus countye Palatine was slayne and duke Giselbert in the flighte was drowned in the Rene. It is a dreadfull example wherein we may be aduertised that the endeuoure of sedition remayneth not vnreuenged euen in greate princes also But whether thys Eberardus be he y t we haue sayde of before to haue broughte the Emperyall crowne to Henry the Fowler it is not specifyed for a trueth For the hystorye wryters of the Germanes were grosse and vnlearned men ignoraunt of these thinges whyche are necessary to be obserued in wrytynge of hystoryes But after thys victory was not the stryfe yet alayed which Otho the emperoure had wyth Henry his brother and besyde that wyth the byshop of Mentz Henry was besyeged at Mersburg but he seynge that hys interpryses were inuayne and that hys defence beganne to be feble he hymselfe came knelynge to y e Emperoure desyryng pardon for his offence was receaued to mercy by Otho and not long after the duke of Baier deceassynge wythout heyre male Otho the Emperoure gaue hys brother Henry the duchy of Baierland As for that Henry the Emperoure whyche is buryed at Bamberg was thys Henryes sonnes sonne as we shall shewe hereafter Afterwarde was Mentz besyeged and taken in by the Emperoure and the byshop taken also but shortly after was he letten louse agayn The thyrde rysynge agaynste Otho was many yeares after by his owne son Ludolfe by this occasion Otho had fyrste a quene out of Englande called Edyth or Ide which is buryed at magdeburg Of the same had he hys sonne Ludolphe After the same was deade toke he another quene of the Burgundyon bloud which thynge Ludolphe dyd not alow But what happened farther that is vnknowen For the Germane hystory wryters dyd in maner expresse no thynge wholye by theyr occasyons and circumstaunces nether ruely could they do it seyng they were monkes lyuynge in priuate idelnesse â–ª beynge somtyme farre from all thynges that be done in gouernynge the commune welthe I passe ouer that they were to sâ—outhfull also to search enquyre the causes and occasions of great matters of other men as y e duety of a true hystory wryter is to do Yet do they make mencion of this that Ludolfus kept an assemble at Salfelde to haue conspyred agaynst hys father and that place Salfeld is called a deadly place for counsels Ludolfus had neuerthelesse in the meane season most great princes y â— were partakers wyth hym in thys conspiracy and counsel among the which also was Conradus the wise duke of the Frankes But in y â— meane tyme that thys was in bruynge was the father in Italy who besieged hys sonne at Mentz so sone as he cameinto Germany Ludolfe escapyng fled vntyl Regenspurge but the father folowyng besyeged Regenspurg also straytly two moneths In that syege dyed not a few men among y e which was the chefe Arnolde the yonger duke of Bayer After hys deathe Ludolfe requyrynge peace frelye came barefooted knelynge befoore hys father and lyenge vpon the grounde he desyred pardon for hys trespasse very humblye Wherfore the father toke hym to mercy and a verye stronge peace was made No Emperoure in a maner dyd dispatche euer anye more greater and daungerous busynesses than the Emperour Otho so farr as I can marke But in all them was he in the meane season luckye not wythout the incredible fauoure of God For whyle he had these warres he ouercame the Bohemes the Hungarians and Frankes besyde that made he quyet the troublous state of Italy which thynge we shall brefely shewe He vanquyshed the Hungarians by Augsburge neare the floude Lycus and weakened he the strenght of them so that they durste neuer after come into Germany In thys battayll dyed Conrade the Wyse and. S. Udalricke byshop of Auguspurg was wyth the Emperoure in the hooste Moreouer whan Otho enuironned euery wherwith greate peryls the Frenchmen trusted easely to bryng the empyre to them agayn but here was it founde in Otho that it is inuayne for men to sett themselues agaynste him whome God fauoureth Innumerable enemyes had compassed Otho about the Bohemes the Frankes the Hungarians Italyans the Frenchemen but the power of all these coulde not breake and oppresse the vertue of thys good prince The Frenchemen threatened to brynge into Germanye so greate an hooste as neuer had ben sene afore Whereto it is reported Otho shuld haue aunswered That such vayn mynaces became not wyse princes seyng it is euident that y e victory fortun of warr is in Goddes hand He aunswered thys also that he wolde brynge so many couered with strawe hattes into Fraunce as they neuer had sene before and therefore had all they that were in the hooste strawe hattes whych hooste he broughte vntyll parys For Hugo prince of Fraunce had taken the kynge his lorde prisoner and entended to take to him Fraunce and the dignyty of the empyre Thyssame Hugo was taken of Otho in the citye of Paris and delyuerynge Lewis his brother in Lawe restored him to y â— realme of Fraunce agayne For Gerberga the syster of Otho was maryed to Lewys Otho restored than to to the Germane empyre lowe Germanye Lorain and Burgundye The Hungaryans had many skyrmyshes also in Italy but some Emperoures before Othoes tyme were so occupied in Germany that they could'not ayde Italy Whan now the princes of Italy were dryuen to extreme necessity for to resist the Hungarians it happened that Berengarius prince of Foroiulium gat hym a great wonderyng at his prowesse
and afterwarde coueted the gouernaunce of whole Italy And though other prynces dyd also stryue for the souerayntye of Italye yet dyd Berengaryus excellynge in power kepe Italye tyll the thyrde heyre The same toke vpon hym the tytle of Emperoure and vsed greate crueltye in Italye The Italyans requyred ayde and succoure of Otho agaynste hys tyrannye Wherefore Otho goynge into Italye he inuaded Lombardye and gat it Berengarius wyth yeldynge himselfe frely optained of Otho that grace that he shuld not wholy be dryuen out of Italy but should retayne a duchy to possesse After twelue yeares was Otho called into Italy agayne to defende or clayme the Italians wyth the clergye and byshop of Rome from the tyranny of Berengarius which thynge he also dyd valyauntly For whan he came agayne into Italy he toke Berengarius and hys sonne Alberte and bannished them for theyr disloyaltye the father wyth hys wyfe to Bamberge in Germany wher they spent theyr liues also as outlawes but the sonne sent he to Constantinople Otho entrynge into Rome in thys settynge forth was crowâ—ed of Ioannes the .xii. This Otho was the fyrste Emperour that made an othe to y e bishop of Rome wherof the maner and tenor is in y e canon lawes begynnynge Tibidomino Ioanni .iii. ce After that is Otho come the second tyme to Rome to rebuke Ioannes bish of Rome because he was accused of many fautes Wherfore the bishop knowynge himselfe gyltye fled for feare of Otho And therfore was Leo the .viij. made bishop in his stead But before that Otho went from Rome Ioannes commynge to Rome thrust Leo out agayne Leo fled to the Emperoure But the moost wyse Emperoure vsed greate policy lest he shoulde geue an occasion of debate He suffred Ioannes to vse the bishopryck so longe as he lyued But so sone as he was deade to take Leo as lawfully chosen bishop but the Romanes wolde not alowe it whych refusyage Leo chose another called Benedictus in spete of the Emperoure Otho than returnynge inuaded the possessyons of the Romyshe byshops and dyd much hurte He besyeged also the citye of Rome vntyl the cithesins constrayned by famine necessity opened the gates frely to Otho He than puttynge to death manye Romanes and banny shinge the Consuls restored Leo whan he had apeased al thynges returned into Germany leadynge wyth hym Benedictus who was kept at Hamborowe Otho goynge the thyrde tyme to Rome droue the Saracens and Grekes out of the farther coastes of Italy Than chosynge Otho hys sonne to be partener in the Empyre bringyng hym wyth hym commaunded to crowne hym and caused the Emperour of Constantinoples doughter to be geuen hym in mariage By all these thynges maye it easely be gathered that this Otho was one also of these princes which God hath now and than geuen to repayre the decayed state of the worlde For he set vp agayne the decayed empyre of Rome and set all Europa in quiet by hys succour hath he defended whole Italy and Germany He subdued the Hungarians and Frenchmen To be shorte he hath restored the maiestye of the empyre to hys former bryghtnesse and set it in order afterward dyed he at Quedelnburg in great quyetnesse It is written also that he found fyrst the syluer mines in Misen He gaue also muche good to the churche to maynteine religion and to promote the doctryne of godlynesse to which intent he made also not a fewe byshops as at Magdeburg Misen Brandenburg Mersburg and Ceitz Martinus the .iij. was the .cxxxij. byshop after Stephanus Agapetus the .ii. succeded Martinus Ioannes the .xiii. the C. xxxiiij bishopp was after Agapetus The same crowned Otho the fyrst afterwarde fled he from Rome fearynge leste for hys vnclennesse of lyfe he shulde be caste from the offyce by Otho Leo the .viii. was chosen in Ioannes steade But whan Ioannes was returned to Rome Leo fled to the Emperour but whan IoaÌ„nes was deade was Leo restored agayne Ioannes the .xiiii. and C. xxxvi bishop succeded Leo. Of hym was Otho the seconde crowned Otho the seconde the .xi. Germane Emperoure THe yeare of Christ .ix. C. lxxiiii raygned Otho y â— .ii. after hys fathers deceasse ten yeares against him was an vprour raysed also For Henry duke of Baier hys cosyn coueted y e empyre This Henry is not the brother of Otho the firste of whome is spoken before which conspiringe rose agaynst his brother Otho and afterward reconciled again to his brother gat the duchy of Baier Thys fyrst duke of Baier that was of the Saxons bloude dyed .xv. yeare before Otho But thys fyrste Henryes sonne is the same whyche set hymselfe agaynste Otho the seconde but Otho had soone tamed this newe enterpryser Afterwarde dyd the Frenchemen fall sodenlye vpon the Emperoure at Aken and he dyd searcely escape theyr intrap But Otho repayring an army went into Fraunce and spoyled euery where vntyl Paris constrained the Frenchmen to demaunde peace whyche dyd than bynd them wyth an othe that they wold neuer claime Lorain any more Whan he had set Germany at quyet he went into Italy There did he fight wyth the Grekes and Saracens in Apulia but hys hoost beyng vanquyshed he was taken by mariners as he fled But because he was vnknowen to the mariners by reason he could the greke language nether was he taken for a Germane prince he redemed himselfe with an easy price and comming to Rome he gouerned the empyre as he dyd before It is sayd that the Italians poisonned hym for his rigoure that he vsed in the gouernaunce Benedictus the .v. the C. xxxvii bysh of Rome was after Ioannes the .xiiii. Donus the .ii. succeded after Benedictus Bonifacius the .vii. the C. xxxix bysh succeded Donus Benedictus the vi succeded Bonifacius In his tyme became Otho the thyrde Emperour Otho the .iii. the .xii. Germane Emperoure THe yeare of Christ .ix. C. lxxxiiij raygned Otho the thyrd after hys fathers deceasse .xix. yeares He was yonge scarcely passed xii yeres whan hys father dyed wherefore Henry duke of Bayer cosyn to thys Otho caused him to be kept at Rome and beganne agayne to vsurpe the Empyre Some Italians counseled to make Crescentyus Emperoure that the emperyall maiestye myghte be broughte agayne to the Italyans But the Germane princes beynge loyall to theyr lorde called the yonge Otho agayne from Henry and made hym Emperoure wyth commune assent whereto Benedictus the byshop of Rome gaue his consent also The fyrste warre that he hadde was wyth the Frenchmen whyche forgettynge theyr othe that they had made inuaded Lorayne agayn takynge in many cityes but Otho dryuyng out the French men kept Lotharyng or Lorayn In the meane tyme a Romane prince called Crescentius takyng vpon hym the name of an Emperoure vsed great crueltye in Italy Wherefore Otho commynge to Rome enuyrouned wyth a greate army and takyng Crescentius cutt of hys nose and eares set hym arswarde vpon an asse caused
C. vii beganne Henry the fyft to reigne after his fathers decesse and reigned .xx. yeres Verely he was well rewarded of the byshops that folowyng their counsails he warred vpon his father the good Emperoure Comminge to Rome he coulde not obtayne the crowne of the byshop of Rome without he dyd fyrst ordeyne that thenceforth it shoulde be alowed that both the byshop of Rome and other byshops should be made without the Emperours approbating and consent Besides that also was at that tyme so great an vproure made in the citie of Rome by the byshop of it that except the Emperoure had defended his lyfe with his owne hande he had bene lost When the Emperour had the ouerhande many Romanes were put to death and taken prysoners The byshop was taken also and led out of the citie And when communication was had wyth hym of the coronation right of makyng the byshop of Rome and other byshops Paschalis dyd frely graunt that Emperours shuld take to them that prerogatiue that no byshop of Rome nor other should be chosen without their grauÌ„t From thence are they returned to Rome and Henry was crowned Emperoure of Paschalis But after that the Emperoure was departed out of Italy the byshop turned hys mynde and makyng an assemble or counsayll dyd not onely reuoke the graunted priuilege but dyd also excoÌ„municate and accurse the Emperoure Whiche thyng when it was shewed Henry the fyfte retourning straight waye to Rome with a greate power he droue out the byshop and ordemed another in his place In the meane season dyd not the byshops of Germany syt styll whiche dyd againe set the Saxons against the Emperoure so â—ore also that Germany beynge eftsones styrred with mutuall debates dyd mete eche other with displayde banners and in the yere M. C. xv the .xi. daye of February was the battail by MaÌ„sfelde neare by the wood Catulaâ—ia wherin was slayne Hoterus Erle of Mansfelde Wherfore the Emperoure pâ—rceauynge that this playe coulde not be assuaged without coÌ„tinuall battail nether would the Romish byshops leaue of tyll they had oppressed hym as they had done hys father before the good prince had aduice to the common peace of the empyre and renounced frely the right of his priuilege Therfore as the peace was made betwene the byshop of Rome and Emperour by this occasion and also betwene the other lordes and was proclaymed not farre from Wormes by the Rhene where greate armies were together on both parties greate ioye was made in all Germany for this accorde of common peace This Henry warred also in Hollande and Lorayne As for Lotharius duke of Saxony who was made Emperour after Henry came to Mentz in along and vile garment humbly requyryng pardon of the Emperoure The same dyd Henry grauÌ„t hym frely of hys syngular mercy This Henry had no manchylde and therefore came the duchy of the Frankes to Conrade sonne to Frederick of Stauffen and Henries the fyftes syster Gelasius the .ij. succeded Paschalis the .ij. Thissame was dryuen out of Rome by Henry the fyft and in hys steade was Gregorius made byshop Gelasius died in Fraunce in exile When Gelasius the .ij. was deade was chosen in Fraunce byshop of Rome Calistus the .ij. who commyng to Rome fought some battayls wyth Gregorius the false byshop whome Henry the fyft had made At the last was Gregorius taken and set arswarde vpon an asse was caried about the citie Vnder Calistus was the peace made with the Emperoure Henry the fyft Honorius the .ij. succeded Calistê° the bysh of Ro. Innocentius the .ij. was made byshop after Honorius In spite of this man was Petrus Leonis chosen who called himself Anacletus Of hym was Innocentius driuen out with force Lotharius asswaged this rumour who was crowned Emperoure of Innocentius Lotharius the Saxon the xviij Germane Emperoure THe yeare of Christe M. cxxvii was Lotharius duke of Saxony chosen Emperoure by the Electors whose father Gebhardus was slayne by Henry the fourth Lotharius reigned thyrtene yeares This Germane empire hath oft ben shaken with moste heuy assaultes For now agayne is raysed a great and durable vproure against Lotharius also For the Schwaben and Frankes which had loÌ„g warred with the Saxons toke in euell worth that the highnesse of the empire came to the Saxons Besydes that also were the sonnes of the dukes of Schwaben borne of Henry the fyftes syster therfore did they pretend that the empire of right shuld be belongyng to them Henry the .v. as is sayd before gaue to Conradus of Schwaben his systers husbande the duchy of Franken Godfry counte of Palatine was with him who chofe Conradus Emperoure to him did leane the cities of the Schwaben and Franckes But Catulus Henry duke of Baierland toke Lotharius parte for he was Lotharius daughters husband wherby also the possessioÌ„ of Saxony came to the Baiers by succession hereditare And those also that now a daies are called princes of Brunswig are of the Baiers bloud of Catulus Henry duke of Baier That Conradus might prenent Lotharius he went into Italy and toke in Lombardy where he was also crowned with an yron crown In the meane tyme besyeged wan Lotharius the cities Sprre Vlme and Nurenberg and after that persued he Conradus into Italy For the Saxon Lotharius beyng more sage and wyly thought well that without Germany were well assured Conradus coulde not kepe Italy Wherfore when Conradus knew that both the cities of Germany were lost and that no hope of succoure was to be loked for out of Germany to retayne Italy leauyng Italy he dyd make a conuencion of peace with Lotharius through the entreatement of sainct Bernarde and left the empyre that he had taken vpon hym Lotharius went twyse into Italy First to assuage the commotions that were raysed at Rome against Innocentius the byshop for choisyng another byshop After that against Roger which had inuaded Campania and Apulia He droue hym out of Italy but when Lotharius was deade Roger returned Of the Roman lawes repared and restored LOtharius is not onely praysed for his notable valiauÌ„tnesse in warres where with he hath set both Germany and Italy at a staye rest but also for his endeuoure in y e religion and good lawes In his tyme was in Italy by the quene Mectildis a man of great learnyng called Wernherus whome Accursius the lawer calleth oft Irnemerius The same founde the bokes of the Romane lawes in the liberaries dusted vnregarded and brought them to lyght agayne Lotharius commaunded to vse them openly in scoles and to geue sentence agayne after them in iudgemeÌ„tes of the empyre And so by this meanes was that treasure brought to lyght agayn whiche none can be more profitable nor more costly namely whereof innumerable profites are flowen For first it is a certaine lawe and conformable to mans reason restored to whole Europa by reason all nacions and all other lawes vse this Romane lawe in searchynge
right as a certayne line or carpenters rule for it is moste nearest applyed to common honestie Secōdly do thees restored Romane lawes not a lytle profyte thereto that they gyue commaundementes of the common behaue ours of this lyfe and best maners whiche are no where founde better I passe ouer that the purenesse of the Latine tungue began to florysh agayn by restoryng of this lawe as borne again But when this study of the lawe was institute straightwaye were become great and many excellent lawers whiche busied both to interprete the lawes and to set them againe in vre Truely I can not maruaile ynough that men became so well learned at that tyme wherein the vse of the Latine tunge the histories finally al the auncient Romane disciplines were left of for the whyle so that it may easely be supposed that those fyrst lawers were not onely men of greate diligence in studies but also greate and wyse men exercysed with muche experience of common matters For wythout exercyse had it bene impossible to knowe the Roman lawes Wherefore are the same doctors of the lawe to bee iudged no lesse than those auncient lawiers Vlpianus Seruius and other Azo whiche is euen the chefe of the expounders of the lawe lyued in the tyme of this Lotharius After the same lyued Accursius the same also lyued vntil the time of Frederick the second In the tyme of Henry of Lucelborowe were many and notable doctors as Bartholus and other Gratianus who gathered the Decrees of the common lawe was also in the tyme of Lotharius But before were suche bookes also For of this sorte was a lytle booke written by a byshop of Wormes whiche at that tyme was vsed we also haue sene it in our daies But when the studies of the lawe floryshed now euery where and that the best learned embraced them as it happeneth moste commonly in a new thing the monkes perceauyng that the knowledge of holy scripture beganne to coule and be despysed for studieng the lawe they also beganne a studye of Theology or diuinitie and ordeyned scole disputations in diuine matters as the lawers dyd in ciuyll matters Thus beganne the diuinitie scole wherof we shall saye more hereafter Cunradus a Schwabe the .xix. Germane Emperoure THe yeare of Christ M. cxl succeded Conradus borne duke of Schwaben Lotharius the Saxon in the empyre who was made prince of the Frankes by Henry the fyft He reigned fourten yeres It is no where red that he was crowned of the Romysh byshop This Cunradus as we said before rose against Lotharius but he was constrained to yelde himself vnder the Emperours power But when Lotharius was deade the succession of the empire fell vpon Conradus though Henry duke of Baier Saxony that had marted Lotharius daughter coueted the empire and besyeged Conradus at Auspurg But Conradus the Emperoure minished Henries power gaue the duchy of Baier to the Erle of Eastenrich Howbeit this warre was not very long for not lōg after died Henry in Saxony and was laide in Lotharius his wiues fathers graue After that dyd a prince of Catuli warre with the duke Emperour Cōradus for the duchy of Baier but inuain Wherfore he was afterwarde reconciled againe with the Emperoure through Frederick that became Emperoure afterward Conradus with many princes and a great hoost went to Hierusalem againste the Saracens Christes enemyes through the counsail of sainct Bernarde against the whiche also toke wapen Lewis kyng of Fraunce but many souldiours dyed thorough the disloyaltie of Emanuel Emperoure of Constantinople Yet had our men many and great battails in Asia and at Hierusalem in the meane season Cunradus returned the fourth yere after into Germany died and was buried in the towne Lorch by Gemund In the warre that Conradus had with the Catulies he toke the castel and town Weinsburg that lyeth not farre from the riuer Necehar Then commaunded the Emperour to take al the gentlemen but the gentle women shoulde be letten go with so great packe of goodes as they could cary Thē the gentlewomen forsakyng the goodes would rather cary away their chyldren Whiche thing when som did blame whiche would haue the yong children be prisoned sayeng the graunt was to cary goodes not men The Emperour delited so in the vertue of the noble women that he gaue them leaue not only to cary away their childrē but also al their goodes Celestinus the .ij. was byshop of Rome after Innocencius the .ij. Lucius the .ij. was byshop after Celestinus Eugenius the third was made byshop after Lucius Against the same was another byshop chosen by the Romanes of whom Eugenius was driuen out but gatheryng a Frenche ayde he returned ouer came his aduersary and was restored againe Anastasius the .iiij. succeded Eugenius Adrianus the .iiij. was byshop after Anastasius Of hym was Frederick Barbarossa or with the reade bearde crowned Emperoure but afterward sticked he to William of Sicily which kept Naples and made the Lombardes obedient to hym by a moost haynous coniuracion against the empyre He did excōmunicate Frederick raysed most haynous warres in Italy It is written y t he shuld haue saied not long before he died there is no more wretched state in earth then the byshoprick of Rome and to get that byshopryck by bloude is not to succede Peter but Romulus rather who flew his owne brother that he myght haue the monarchy and reigne alone These wordes wytnesse sufficiently that it repented hym of the debate that he had begonne against the Emperoure After Adrianus began a greate diuision Some Cardinals chose Octauianus who was called Victor Some chose Alexander the .iij. Frederick Barbarossa helde Octauianus for the true byshop of Rome But yet in the meane season commaunded he by a counsayll to enquire who shoulde abyde byshop But Alexander refusyng the aucthoritie of the counsayll kepeth hymselfe in Fraunce and accurseth Frederick At the last gat Alexander the by shopryck by the ayde of the Italians and returned to Rome where Frederick came then also But Alexander beyng afrayed fled to Venice where at the last peace was made But hereof shall we speake more in the history of Frederick Frederick the .i. called Barbarossa or wyth the red bearde the .xx. Germane Emperoure THe yeare of Christe M. C. lij was Frederick chosen Emperour the fyrst of that name surnamed Barbarossa He gouerned the Empyre .xxxvij. yeares He was a borne duke of the noble house of Schwaben Conradus y e Emperours brothers sonne a most renovmed prince of hardinesse valiauntnesse and iustice So farre as I can perceaue by his dedes it semeth that Frederick as a gentle Schwabe could not paciently beare these iniuries that the byshops of Rome dyd hym and I thynke it came by this that he was more harde againste them In the begynnyng of his empyre set he Baierlande and Eastenriche at one and restored to Catulus Henry duke of Saxony
and Henry sonne too Lotarius doughters husbande Baierlande He made his Cosin Henry Erle of Eastenryche duke and set boundyng borders to ether duchy Then began first the duchy of Eastenriche But Catulus Henry kept Baierlande not longe for he forsoke Fredericke in Italy and raised new rebellions in Germany against hym Wherfore Frederick driuyng away Henry afterwarde the duchy of Baierlande was geuen to Otho of Witelsbach And of this Othoes bloude are those princes borne which now a dayes haue Baierlande and the counties Palatine by the Rene. The right of election on the Saxonies behalfe gaue he to Bernarde prince of Anhalt Henry flyenge went into Englande wyth his wyfe and chyldren but at the last when he returned composition was made that Catulus Henry should possesse the duchy of Brunswich But thē dyd Phillippe byshop of Colen take the countrey Westphalen from the duchy of Saxony withforce Frederick besyeged Lubeck and subdued it to the empyre He compelled also the kyng of Dennemarck to require peace They of Milane rebelled and went about to brynge the other cities of Italy vnder their subiection For that maner and wylfulnesse to haued ominion doth last yet by the Italians wherfore Frederick goyng into Italy apeased all rumors But afterwarde did the byshop of Rome entice the Milaners and the other cities to a coniuracion againste Frederick and dyd excommunicate hym For whiche cause he went nowe the fourth tyme into Italy he subdued and spoyled Milane and assayed all the meanes he coulde to alaye the debate betwene the byshop of Rome and hym but it was inuayne For Alexander the third byshop of Rome could not be brought to that poynte that he shoulde not vexe the moste gentle prince wherefore Frederick went to Rome but Alexander fled to the Venecians Then was Otho Fredericks sonne sent agaynste the Venecians who beyng taken in a battayll vpon the water condicions of peace were accepted For Frederick the Emperoure sawe that the byshops of Rome coulde reste by no meanes Moreouer consydered he also that besyde that hys sonne was taken what was chaunged to the Emperours that were afore hym Wherefore Frederick vsed submission and moste lowly humblenesse For he came to Venice and layed hymselfe downe before the Churche dore afore the Romyshe byshop and suffred hymselfe to be troden with his fete who commaunded also to be cried out Thou shalt treade vpō the adder and coceatrice and then dyd he absolue hym at the last Frederick sayde contrariwyse that he dyd not shewe that lowlynesse to Alexander but to Peter Whereto aunswered Alexander both to me and to Peter But what is to be thought of this dede of the byshop of Rome that do I committee the reader to iudge The byshops of Rome rayse warres without any lawfull cause For Alexander striueth for his priuate election nether woulde he euer admitte any counsaill nor any other condicions And besyde this iniury dyd he vse also extreme wylfulnesse and pryde againste the hyghest power of Christianitie when he dyd treade vpon the Emperoure with his fete whome God commaundeth euen to honoure But when this agremēt was made he chose Hēry his sonne to be party ruler with hym the yere of Christ M. C. lxxxvj lest the empyre shuld be with out a gouernoure when he toke his yourney into Asia He maried his sonne to Cōstantia the daughter to Rogerius by whiche meanes the kyngdome Sicily and Naples came to the empyre Germanes and made the young kyng gouernoure of Italy Not long after went he into Asia with a greate preparacion of warre company of many princes to recouer again the citie Ierusalem that was lost not long before He toke in many mighty cities in Cilicia vanquyshed the Saracens Turkes He made the Souldane so afraide for hym that he caused many of his greate cities to cast down their walles in Syria when he did mistrust to kepe them he himself fled into Egypt For the kynges of England Fraūce were already arriued into Asia with a great army But what fortuned when they had gathered a greate hoost Fortune whiche is not alwaye good beganne to turne Frederick when he had now takē the cōtrey Armenia by reason of y e heate went into a swyft water with his horse and the doughty prince was drowned the yeare M.C lxxxix Nether ought it to be maruayll that Frederick peryshed of this wyse in a ryuer for histories do make mencion that he otherwhyles also went into waters In the second setting forth vpon Milane the Italians pitched their tentes on the other syde of the ryuer Abdua whiche is no lesse then is the Tems about Sion and mocked Frederick the Emperoure who was of this syde the ryuer with his hoost thynkyng that by reason the ryuer was betwene them both they myght mocke the Emperoure wythout daunger Then did the Emperour steppe into the ryuer without feare and commaunded the horsemen to folowe hym Whiche thynge seyng the Italians thought shoulde neuer come to passe for ether they laye here and there or vnaduisedly went vp and downe without order they toke the flyght and were ouercome of a small company of horsemen This feate witnesseth that Frederick was a prince of excellent hardinesse ▪ and also one that doubted not to put hymselfe lyghtely into waters The prince of Boheme was made a kyng by Frederick for his sundry and excellent faithfulnesse that he vsed toward Frederick at Milane Lucius the .iij. was made byshop of Rome after Alexander Vrbanus the .iij. succeded Lucius Gregorius the .viij. succeded Vrbanus Clemens the .iij. folowed after Gregorius Celestinus the .iij. was after Clemens Henry the .vi. was crowned of hym Henry the .vi. the xxi Germane Emperoure THe yeare of Christ M.C.xC. began Henry the vi of that name to raigne after his fathers deceasse and raygned seuen yeares He had great warres in Apulia and finally subdued the whole realme In Germany had he enemyes the byshop of Colen and Lutich or Liege besyd them also the Burgundions In this vproure was the byshop of Lutich slayne and the other beynge abashed by thys myshappe left of frō theyr enterpryse and obeyed frelye He made hys sonne Frederick yet a chylde Emperour wyth the consent of y ◠electors The election was confirmed with sealed letters of the princes electors the same was afterward called Frederick the .ii. But whan Henry was now dyenge ▪ he committed the wardeshyppe of the chylde and empyres gouernaunce to his brother Philippe who had the gouernaunce of the empyre whan Henry was yet alyue Innocentius the .iii. was byshop of Rome after Celestinus The same persued Philippe the Emperour and it is reported he shulde haue sayde He wolde take awaye from Philippe the Emperours crowne or hys thre crowned miter shulde be taken from hym He made Emperoure Otho the Saxon. But thys frendeshyp was not stedfast nether for Otho was excommunicated of the Romyshe
to excommunicate them only but also to put them from the empyre so that one can thynke no honestye in these dedes of the Romysh byshoppes specially yf ye ponder and way all the causes and reasons All these were excommunicated in a rowe and yet were they myghtye and wyse Emperoures that haue brought to passe great and notable thinges Henry the fourth a Franke. Henry the fyfth a Franke. Friderick the fyrst a Schwabe Philippe sonne to Frederick the fyrste Otho the iiii duke of Brunswig Friderick the .ii. Henry the .vi. sonne Conradus Fridericks sonne The yeare of Christe M.CC.xii. Otho beyng come agayne into Germany though he knew that the princes myndes were set agaynst him yet poynted he a day of parlament at Norinberg and admonyshed the princes that they shulde not graunt the bishops of Ro. that authoritye that they shulde put downe Emperoures at theyr pleasure for the empyre pertayneth not to Romysh byshops but to the Germane princes He brought some princes to his mynd with this admonition and fell vpon Herman erle of Thuryngen the father of erle Lewys to whome S. Elysabeth was spoused For erle Herman to do the Byshoppe of Rome pleasure set hymselfe agaynst the Emperour as a man condemned wyth byshoppe of Romes excommunicatyons and curses But afterwarde was Otho forsaken of all the princes except one erle of March in Misen For Fryderycke the yonger enemy to Otho was alreadye come into Germany besyde that by the byshoppe of Romes procurynge was the Frenche kynge in armes agaynste Otho But whan tydynges came to Otho of Frideryckes commyng he prepared hym to go agaynste hym into Alsasse and was wyth hys hooste at Brysacke howe beyte beynge destytute of all the ayde of hys he was constrayned to flye into Saxony But than repayring an hooste and beyng holpen of the kynge of Englande he went into low Germany agaynst the Frenche kynge of whome he was ouercome and dyed afterwarde the yeare M. CC. xviij He lyued wythout the tytles of thempyre .v. yeares Friderick the .ij. the .xxiiij. Germane Emperoure THe yeare of Christ M. CC. xiij was chosen Emperoure Friderick the .ii. of that name the sonne of Barbarossa kinge of Naples and Cicily and duke of Schwaben whan Otho was put downe and was crowned Emperoure at Achen He raygned seuen and twenty yeares Yet before he dyed was he depryued fyue yeares of the Empire by Innocentius the Bysh of Rome Noman can pitye ynough the case of thys laudable Emperoure that he was endued wyth many and noble vertues and yet in the mean season suffred he moost extreme and heuy persuinges of Romane byshops He was verye well learned in many languages For he knew perfectly the Latine Greke Germane and Saracens languages Besydes thys set he forth also the disciplines of good sciences He brought to passe that the boke of Ptolome called Almagestū was translated out of the Saracens language into Latyn and by that meanes the doctryne of Astronomye whyche noman had taughte many yeares before in Europa was brought to lighte Hys fyrste warre had he in Germanye agaynste Otho the .iiii. by the bishop of Romes counsel but he had the same rewarde for it that other Emperours afore him haue had The seconde warre had he in Brabant agaynste the duke of Brabant and Othoes adherentes and restored Lorain againe to the Germane empyre The yeare of oure lorde M. CC. xx was Fridericke crowned of Honorius the .iii. Emperoure Two erles in Tuscia had taken in some cityes that belonged to the empire the which whan Friderick had taken agayne the erles that were driuen out fled to Honorius bysh of Ro. who toke them in hys defence and commaunded Friderick to restore thē into the possession of the cityes that he had taken from them But whan Friderick refused that Honorius excommunicated hym settyng asyde all the former loue The yeare M. CC. xxii came Friderick again into Germany and holding a parlamēt at Wyrtzpurg he made Henry his yonger son felowgouernoure of the empyre and was crowned at Achen But afterwarde was the same Henry taken by his father because he had made a leage with certayn cityes of Lombardy agaynst the father while the father liued yet died he of y e filthinesse of the prison Though the city Hierusalem was now loste yet possessed the Christians other great and mighty cytyes in Siria But whan the power of the Turkes grewe dayly more more and the fortune of y e Christiās went back Ioannes came to Rome who had yet the title of y e king of Hierusalē and desyred ayde of Honorius the byshop of Rome and optayned by Honorius that Friderick who was accursed was absolued Wherefore Fridericke and the Germane princes consented frelye to make an armye for the delyueraunce of the cytye Hierusalem and the kyng of Hierusalem gaue Iole hys doughter in maryage to Friderick the Emperoure Whereby it commeth that yet at this houre the kynges of Sicily ascrybe to them the title of the realme of Hierusalem Fridericke the Emperour than went wyth a great army well furnyshed to Hierusalem and wyth hym many princes of Germany among the which was also Lewis y ◠landtgraue to whom S. Elisabeth was maried the same dyed in that settynge forth at Brundusium The yeare M. CC. xxviij went Fridericke to Hierusalem and dyd hys busynesse so that the Souldane gaue hym frely agayne not only Hierusalem but many other cytyes there about Friderick was crowned at Hierusalem the yeare M. C C. xxix He caused the citye Hierusalem to be made sure agaynste the power of the enemyes He made treuce with the Souldane for ten yeres All thys shewed he by a letter to the byshop of Ro. and requyred absolucion of the curse for by thys Gregorye was he accursed also I wote not for what title in the kingdome of Sicily But it was a small matter for the byshop of Rome to deny to the Emperoure the absolution for this gyle also or rather iniury had he done to Frederick being absent For he set y ◠Italian cities against him toke in by force some cityes in his patrimonial realme Naples By thys constraynt was Friderick driuē to come back agayn into Sicilye and to rescue his realme come by inheritaunce from feare of daunger Although the bysh of Ro. had ben sore dissoial against the Emperour in his absence yet required he absolution so lowly that he promysed he wolde holde the kyng dome of Sicily of him by fealtye Besydes this also caused he the princes of Germanye to come into Italy that at the least by them myght the debate betwen hym and the Emperour be alayed Therfore dyd Gregorius absolue the Emperour agayne the yeare of Christe M. CC. xxx After y c came the Emperour Friderick the thyrd time into Italy and warred in Eastenrich agaynst the Hungarians toke the eyty Vienne the which that she shuld be remain an emperial city he wold haue
The same admonyshed the Electors in the begynnynge of hys byshopryck to choyse agayne an Emperoure wyth egall consent leste the state of the empyre dyd wholy decaye Rudolfe the .xxvij. Germane Emperoure THe yere of Christ M. CC. lxxiij was Rudolfe chosen Emperour the erle of Habisburge and counte prouincial of Alsace He raygned .xix. yeares He was confirmed of the Byshopp of Ro. For the Emperoure and byshop of Rome came together at Lausana euen accordyng to the saieng of these two verses of auncient men Twelue hundreth thre score and thertene yere dyd stande Lausana tyll the pope and the kyng came thether into that lande Howbeit Rudolfe went not into Italy nether receaued he the Imperiall crowne He was wont to reherse Esops fable of the Foxe which said to the Lion sicke in his denne she were afrayd to come in therefore because she sawe the footsteppes of beastes that were gone in but not of beastes that were come out That lykewyse he dyd consyder how his aunceters went oft into Italy with greate hoostes but mooste commonly returned home euell intreated Yet in the meane season sent he a Lieutenaunt into Italy who was receiued of the bestpart of the Italian cities The Bohemies and Baier withstode Rudolfe at the fyrst but he subdued Baierlande forth with Othacarus kyng of the Bohemies wold not obey and besydes that helde Eastenriche that was now without heire belongyng to the empyre against ryght and reason Wherfore Rudolphe sent the Burggraue of Norenberg into Bohemy to shewe the kyng on the Emperours behalfe to obeye and to voyde out of Eastenryche but Othacarus refused both Wherfore after muche reasonynge vpon the matter brought Rudolphe armed hostes into Eastenryche and toke it in He besieged the citie Vienne fought a great battaill by Nidersbrug â–ª in the yeare M. cclxxviij In that battayll was Othacarus slayne Of this wyse was Eastenriche at the last brought vnder Rudolphes dominion and after that made he Albert his sonne duke there so that henceforth Eastenriche by this meanes is holden of the empyre by fealtie or benefite Moreouer the princes of Eastenriche haue their offpringe of this Alberte vntyll the moste prayse worthy Charles the Emperoure that now is his brother kyng Ferdinande Rudolphe the Emperoure shewed high fauour and gentlenesse towarde Wenceslaus Othacarus sonne for he left hym the kyngdome of Bohemy and gaue hym his daughter in mariage This Wenceslaus is canonisated for a saynt and is worshypped Rudolphe subdued the Bourgundians also In Alsace dyd he take by violence those cities that rebelled and conspyred agaynst hym and punyshed them worthely amonge those were Hagenoâ— Colmar Tzurig and Berne The yeare M. cclxxxvi dyd he inuade the Erle of Wirtenberg and besyeged the citie Studtgard at the laste was an accorde made by the byshop of Mentz The yeare M. ccxc had Rudolphe a great parliament at Erfurde â–ª and by the aide of the citie Erfurde did he spoyle cast downe about .iij. score holdes in Thuringe Oâ— this wyse fynally dyd Rudolfe bryng the troubled full of sedicion estate of Germany whyle it had no certayn Emperours to a peaceablenesse and dyd in a maner set vp the decayed empyre He dyed the yere of Christ M. ccxcii Innocencius the .v. succeded Gregorius the .x. Adrianus the .v. succeded Innocencius Iohannes the .xxi. a phisicion succeded Adrianê° When Iohannes was deade Nicolaus the .iij. was made byshop of Rome He went about to geue his two cosins the two kyngdomes of Italy that the one should be kyng of Hetruria the other kyng of Lombardy For the Romysh byshop sawe that Rudolphe had more then ynough to do in Germany and thought he coulde not therefore come into Italy But the imperiall cities wythstode the byshop of Romes enterpryses that they could not prosper and Rudolphe sent a Lieutenaunt into Italy also Honorius the .iiij. was byshop after Nicolaus Nicolaus the .iiij. was byshop after Honorius Adolfe the .xxviii. Germane Emperoure THe yeare of Christ M. ccxcij was Adolfe counte of Nassau chosen Emperour The same was before in greate estimacion by Rudolphe Besydes that was his brother byshop of Mentz and by his voyce in the election was he holpen to be made Emperoure He raygned syxe yeares and was deposed from the empyre by the Electours For hys substaunce was not sufficient to sustayne the costes of the Emperyall hyghnesse Besydes that was he very in fortunable in dispatchynge greate thynges The warre worthy of remembraunce that he hath had was that he brought an army into Thuryngen For Albert Landtgraue of Thuringen had a stryfe wyth his sonne Dieterus and Frederick surnamed Gnawed cheke And the same solde to Adolfe the Emperoure the prouinciall Erldome of Thuringen He also endeuoured to make his kynreds nobilitie more renowmed and went into Thurinvan and dyd much harme to it He besyeged Crutzberg Frankenstein and Friburg But Frederick droue him back agayn Howbeit to apeace sundry many perturbacions that were at that tyme in the empyre it was requisite to haue a more puyssaunter heade in Germane And therefore the princes Electors makyng an assembly at Mentz they chose Albert duke of Eastenrich sonne to the Emperour Rudolphe But for asmuche as Adolfe would kepe the empyre by force duke Albert went against hym with an army and they fought fearcely together by Worms In that battayll was Adolfe slayne the yeare M. ccxcviij as these verses folowynge do witnesse The yeare thousand thre hundreth two lesse Was through the swearde kynge Adolfes deceasse After Nicolans the .iiij. was Celestinus the .v. made byshop of Rome The same leauynge the byshoprycke became an heremite After Celestinus became Bonifacius the .viij. Byshop of Rome It is sayde that Celestinus was begyled by thys man with a voyce spoken to hym through a rede or pype as though it wer come out of heauen that he should forsake the byshopricke ordeyne Bonifacius He raysed greate warres in Italy He dyd excommunicate the Frenche kyng and gaue the tytle of the Frenche kyngdome to Alberte the Emperoure that by this meanes at the last the Garmanes and frenchemen might come to strokes At the last was Bonifacius taken and dyed in the pryson And hereby commeth that it is sayde of hym He entred as a Foxe he reygned as a Wolfe or Lion he died as a Dogge Albert the .i. xxix Germane Emperoure _the M .cc. xcviij yere of Christ began Alberte duke of Eastenriche sonne to Rudolphe the Emperoure to raygne He ruled the empire ten yeres he ouercame in battaill Adolfe the Emperoure At the first would not bonifacius confirme Albertus empyre afterwarde did he frely coÌ„firme it to do the Frenche kyng a spite and geuyng Albert the title of the kyngdome of Fraunce he set hym agaynst the Frenche kynge But the kyng of Fraunce geuyng hys daughter to Alberts sonne he appeased hym that he should enterpryse no enimitie agaynst hym He made a settynge forth agaynst
the callynge a general councell Wherefore by the consent of the byshop of Ro. Ioannes the Emperoure and also the kynges of Fraunce Spayne and England was the councell of Constance begonne the yeare M. C C C C. xiiii to the whiche came Ioannes the Byshop of Rome hymselfe The Emperoure Sigismundus came to Constance before Christmasse and at masse songe he the gospell as Deacon Ther went oute a commaundemente from Augustus the Emperoure c. Afterwarde was ther treated of Ihon Husse and hys doctryne beyng condemneth he was burneth wyth Hieronimus of Praga After that treated they to a peace the diuisyon and deposyng the byshoppes of Rome Ioannes the .xxiij. Gregorius and Benedictus was chosen in the see Othode Columna who was called Martynus the fyfte But whan it repented Ioannes the .xxiii. that he had consented frelye to the renouncynge of the Byshoprycke of Rome he wente aboute to flye pryuelye wyth the ayde of Frederyck duke of Eastenryche But in the flyghte Ioannes was had backe agayne by the Emperoures men And the duke of Eastenryche was bannyshed by the Emperoure and some of hys townes taken in hys duchye At the last was the debate layed downe of thys wyse It was coūselled Frederyck that he frely yeldyng to the Emperoure all hys landes shulde humblye requyre forgeuenesse of hys offence Wherefore by the Emperoures gentlenesse and fauoure he was restored in the duchy of Eastenryche But Ioannes the byshoppe of Rome was delyuered to the counte Palatyne to be kepte Thesame caried him int y e castel Māheym not farre frō the citye Heidelberg there was he kepte the space of thre yeare After y t was he receaued to grace by Martinus the Romish bish and made a Cardinal Whan of this wise that hurteful diuision that was betwene the bishops of Rome was anoyded peace and reste was restored to the churche and that by the endeuoure and procurement of Sigismundus the Emperoure who therefore deserued greate prayses The residue that were done in that assemble or councel is no nede to rehearse for whole bokes are wrytten thereof Of the prouincial erles of the marqueship of Brandenburg THe yeare of Christ M. C C C C. xvii the fyrste sondaye after Easter dyd Sigysmundus the Emperour in the councell geue to the mooste prayse worthy prince Fridericke Burgraue of Norinberg the ryghte of Imperyall election and the prouincyall marqueshyp of Branbenburge and that for hys excellent vertues and greate truste that he had shewed in dispatchinge great causes of the empyre But truely it were long to rechearse here how noble princes haue ben both before thys dignitye was gotten also afterward in this progeny of Burgraues yee and before hath oft ben made mēcion of them But after that they were made Electors they were diligente euer in treatynge the greateste and mooste weightyest matters of the empyre for the whyche thynges sake shalbe oft made mēcion of thē hereafter Wherfore in the histories of our time is Albertus the Marques praised before al other who for his vertues sake is surnamed y ◠germane Achilles It is also not vnknowen in oure dayes y ◠Marques Ioachim of Brandenburg Elector my moost gentle lorde and his brother Albert Cardinal and Elector Archebyshoppe of Mentz and Magdenburge c. are garnyshed with hygh wysedome and all princely vertues and that therfore theyr counsel ayde is requyred before other in hyghe and harde matters not only concernynge the empyre but also to y ◠whole Christiantie Nother cā it other wyse be in gouernaunces and dominions y ◠whych so longe as they haue theyr beynge must be deserued and maynteyned by the wysedome of men of greate authoritye whiche thynge the Wysedome her selfe wytnesseth in holye scriptures sayenge By me kynges do raygne Whan the councell was broke vp many settyng forth were appoynted agaynst the seditions and euell disposed men whiche spoyled and robbed both churches monasteryes after Ihon Husses death Theyr captayn was called zyscha Greate manslaughter was of both sydes of the Bohemes and Germanes which went against them yet was not that brunt of vproure so quenched Sigismundus as we sayd before had prepared brought vntill Adrianopolis a verye greate army of Germanes Frenchmē Italians Hungarians against y ◠Turkes In this setting forth were most greatest princes y ◠Emperour Sigismundus Philippe duke of Burgundion But by reason the Frenchemen stroue sayenge they must haue the foreward in the army y ◠orders were broken not without an incredible losse of Christen men for theyr enemyes vanquyshed them and the duke of Burgundy was taken Sigismundus the Emperour fled to Constan tinople After longe season after was the duke of Burgundy delyuered A mery story is recited of Sigismundus He had a seruaunt y ◠was many yeares familiar wyth him whom he had not greatly rewarded though in the meane season he was a liberal free prince which thing Leonardus Aretinus also doth write who sawe Sigisinūdus the Emperour had done many messages to him on the bysh of Ro. behalfe It fortuned that whā he was ridden into a water hys horse dyd stalle Whyche thinge whan the seruaunt that went strayght before the Emperoure did see he sayd in sporte The horse was of lyke nature that hys lorde was The Emperour hearyng it by chaunce maruayled commaunded to shewe him what he saide The seruaunt aunswered The horse pourech out water into the ryuer where as is water ynough alredy Euen so is the Emperour lyberall to those whych haue ryches plenty nede them not greatly Sigismundus the Emperoure perceaued that he was aduisedly touched or taunted that he had not rewarded hys olde seruaunt with some peculyar or greate rewarde and sayd He neuer wanted the wyll to recompense but that princes gyftes are not properlye theyrs that deserue them but theyrs that they are appoynted by Goddes prouydence and dysposycyon The same sayde he that he woulde proue wyth the dede so soone as he shulde be at leasure and reste Afterwarde whan the Emperour had gotten leasure he caused to make two boxes of one bygnesse and fashion In the one he put golde in the other leade of lyke weyght and callyng the seruaunt he bad hym take one of the boxes The seruaunt being abashed weyed now the one boxe than the other douting y ◠whiche he myghte rather take at the laste he toke y ◠boxe wherein the leade was Which whan he had opened the Emperour sayde It may be sene openly that hys wyli was not in the faute why he was not rewarded hetherto but hys misfortune This dede wythnesseth verely that the Emperoure dyd wysely consyder that the fortunable prosperity of thynges commeth of God Sigismūdus the Emperour had no heyre mankynne he gaue hys only doughter to Albert duke of Eastenryche who became kyng of Hungary and Bohemy by that meanes The yere M. CCCC xxxiiii whyle Sigismundus was yet alyue began the councel of Basil For
it was ordeyned in y ◠councel of Constance that of a newe coūcel shulde be gathered after twelue yeares But after that Sigismundus was deade the bysh of Ro. holdinge a councell fyrste at Ferraria and from thence at Florence letted y ◠furtheraūce of the councel of Basill and that had he so muche the more easy a do because ther was no monarche or noble prince that defended the decree of y ◠councel of Basill After that Martinus was deade Eugenius the iiii was made bysh of Ro. The same crowned Sigismundus Emperour at Rome Albert the .ii. of that name the .xxxvi. Germane Emperour THe yeare of Christe M. cccc xxxviii after the death of Sigismundus was Alberte a prince of the bloude of Eastenryche kyng of Hungarye Bohemye made Emperoure He dyed in the seconde yeare of hys raygne Parte of Bohemy dyd cleue to the kyng of Polen endeuoured to drawe y ◠kyngdome of Bohemy to Polony The Poles brought a great army into Bohemy drew into their faction the vprourysh kynde of men called Thaborites Agaynst thē sent Albert y ◠Emperour Albert marques of Bran denburg The same brought to passe wyth manye battayls that the matter was agreed betwene the Emperoure and the Poles Albert the Emperoure came wyth a greate army into Hungary agaynst Amurates the Turke who at that tyme was fallen into Hungary Whan Albert the Emperoure came he fled backe and besye gynge the cytye Sinderouien he returned into Grece and wann the city Thessalonica In this settynge forth fell Albert into a sycknesse and beynge broughte agayne to Uyenna dyed wythyn few dayes Friderick the .iii. the .xxxviij. Germane Emperoure THe yere of Christ M. CCCC xl after Albertus deathe was Fridericke the thyrd duke of Estenrich made Emperoure He raygned .liii. yeares The doughter of Sigismundus wyfe to Albert the Emperoure was now bygge wyth chylde but some of the Hungaryans despayrynge of an heyre of the realme chose Vladislaus the yonger kynge of Polen for a kyng The kings gouernour in Hungary was Ioānes Huniades father to Mathias The same had weakened the power of the Turkes wyth a great battail and compelled Amurates to demande peace But so soone as Vladislaus was come into the realme the Hungariās trusted that yf they the Poles powers were ioyned together they shuld easely gett great prayse yf they inuaded the Turke And happely had the yonge kyng Vladislaus pleasure in thys prayse Wherfore Iulianus the Cardinall brake the treuce made wyth the Turke vnder thys pretence and coloure that it were not lawfull to make peace wyth the Turkes wythout the Bish of Romes consente seyng y ◠case is belonging to whole Christendome Thus Vladislaus gathering an hoost went against Amurates vntill Varnam which is not farr from Cōstantinople though Ioannes Humades in y ◠mean season dissuaded to take warre because that he knew well the weakenesse of his men the power of the Turkes also had he made peace with the Turke not without necessitie It is also sayd that Vladislaus desyred ayde of Dracoles y ◠Malache but he also dyd counsell to leaue y ◠setting forth to warre Yet dyd he send his sonn with him to aide king Vladislaus with two thousand horsemen to whom he shuld haue said He gaue hym a couragious and swyft horse suche one as he wold geue to his sonn also for his mynd gaue that they shuld lose the feld and therefore shuld they haue these horses at hand that as nede shulde requyre the myghte troughe theyr swyftnesse escape the daunger As for the Turkes dyd forse themselues wyth nolesse carfulnesse than wysedome and were euery where appoynted in a readynesse before the Hungaryans were set in an order Wherefore thoughe the Hungariās fought fearcely for y e glory of Christes name and ouerthrwe verye great hoostes of the enemyes yet dyd the Turkes at the last ouercome wyth the multitude stayeng Vladislaus the yong kinge and afterward was Iulianus the Cardinal slayen also in the flyght Humades as he was a ware soul dioure toke hede to hymselfe by tymes and escaped This felde was the yeare M. CCCC xliiii the tenth daye of Nouember Amurates became a Mahometyshe monke after thys vyctorye supposynge to haue accomplyshed hys duetye in the empyre after so greate prosperitye in vanquyshynge hys enemyes leste he rashely trustynge smylynge fortune farther dyd stayne hys glorye wyth some euell But Hunyades dyd inuade and fell vpon the Turkes agayn and dyd hurt them so sore that they called Amurates agayn to the realme to resist Hunyades their enemy and shuld driue him out of Hūgary Afterward whā Cōstantinople was lost Huniades ouercame Mahomet y e Turkishe Emperour bringing into Hūgari an hurtful army with a great discōfitur deliuered whole Europa from y e fear of daūger For yf that setting forth had lucked Mahomet y e Turkish Emperour he had now takē in not only Italy but other contryes also Whan Vladislaus was deade the Hungarians receaued the chylde Ladislaus the heyre of the realme borne of Sigismundus doughter for theyr kyng Thys Ladislaus whan he was ful growen dyed at Praga the haed citye of Bohemy The yeare M. CCCC xliiij broughte the Dolphin with the Armeniakes an army into Elsace vntyll Basil not wythout a greate and horible manslaughter of the Germanes Some thynke that Eugenius the bysh of Ro. sent hym into Germany to trouble the councel of Basil The Dolphyn had aboute fyue and twenty thousand men The Switzers sent foure thousand men against them to rescue the citye Basel out of theyr handes They sett vpon the enemyes wyth so greate strengthe and corage that none of them gaue backe and thoughe they coulde not ouercome them by reason of the multitude of thē yet left they theyr enemies a bloudy dolefull victorye For the Dolphin lost in that battayl about ten thousand men and was fayne to flye out of Germany with the residue y ◠remayned The yeare M. CCCC xlix dyd Albert marques af Brandenburg warre agaynst imperial cityes Norinberg and some other Thys was called the warre of the cityes Many princes dyd ioyne themselues to ether syde and thys warre lasted ii yeares Albert the marques ouerthrue them of Norinberg wyth .viii. battayls The yeare M. cccc lii went Friderick into Italy and was receaued of euery man wyth seastly honoure In the citye Sena dyd he acomplyshe hys weddynge wyth Leonora hys spouse doughter to the kynge of Portingale Commynge to Rome he was crowned of Nicolaus the fyfte wyth hys quene the .xviij. daye of Marche Returnyng from Rome at Ferraria made he Borsius of Esta duke From thence shipped he ouer to Venice and abode there ten dayes I haue herde of a man of greate renowme that it was tolde him of the prince of Venice who beynge Senator serued the Emperour Fridericke and the prince of Venice at the table that Frederick shulde haue sayd at
the meale that he truely wold be a frende to the Venecians continually but they shulde haue muche trouble and dāmage of hys successours Of Constantinople Wonne by the Turkes THe yeare of Christe M. CCCC liiii y e xxix daye of Maye after longe syeggat Mahometes the Turkysh Emperoure the citye Constātinople at y e laste with a very strong assaulte and vsed thereyn so muche cruelnesse that it can not be expressed wyth no wordes Constantinus the Emperoure was slayne by the gate of the cytye in the flyghte whose heade caused the Turke to be smytten of stycked vpon a pole to be caryed thorow out the citye He commaunded also to set vp an image of the crucyfyed Christe in the citye and towrytte vpon it The same is the God of the Christians But he commaunded to moke it and caste fylthe vpon it and all to defyle it The Emperours wyfe and doughters wyth other honest matrones were drawen to a banket and there were they fyrst misused after that hewed to peces These examples and other mooste cruel dedes of y e Turkes ought duely to rayse and styrre our mindes that we shulde earnestly fight agaynst those enemyes whyche one nede not to call tyrauntes but rather cruel beastes The yeare M. CCCC lxi dyd the bysh of Ro. depose Dietericke of Isenburge from hys byshoprycke and in hys steade was made Adolphe of Nassau This chaunce gaue an occasion of greate warres in the Empyre Friderick the counte Palatyne toke vpon hym to defende retayn byshop Dieterych Agaynste the same dyd the Emperour sturre the erles of Wyrtenberg and Baden and the bysh of Mentz Whan these spoyled y e contry of y e count Palatine they were taken by Frideryck count Palatine about the yeare M. CCCC lxii The same yeare dyd contrarye wyse Adolfe the byshop take in the citye Mentz The yeare M. CCCC lxiij was Friderick the Emperoure strongly besieged in the castel at Vienna by hys cityesins and the doer of thys was Albert the Emperours brother but George kyng of the Bohemes delyuered the Emperoure driuing awaye the cityesins The yere M. CCCC lxxiiii dyd Charles prince of the Burgundyons besyege the towne Nuce a whole yeare and that because the chapiter chanōs of Colen had dryeuen out Rupert byshoppe of Colen whome Charles wold haue restored agayne But whan he went about to turne the byshopryck of Colen from the empyre haue gotten it to him the Emperour appoynteth an army agaynst hym The captayne of the hoost was Albert marques of Brandenburg and the empyres standardebearer Albert duke of Saxony At the last whan diuersly was treated of alayenge the debate Charles gaue place and it is sayde that at y ◠tyme was fyrst treated of geuyng Maximilian the doughter of Charles of Burgundy The yeare M. CCCC lxxvii was the duke of Burgundy vanquished by Nansen by them of Lotayn and the Switzers and slayne For Charles had taken from them of Lorain Nansen in Switzerland had he taken in Gransen and other small townes besides that also caused he in the towne of Gransen to be hanged .v. C. and .xii. Germanes Whan Charles was deade the Frenchemen enterprised to ioyne Flaunders and Brabant to theyr kingdom this desyre of the Frenchmen brought the cause of great warres But whan the Burgundions wold not that theyr duchies shuld be straunged or alienated from Charles doughter they delivered to wedde Charles doughter to Maximilian son to Friderick the Emperour Wherfore Maximiliane went wel appointed into Brabāt the yeare M. cccc lxxvii and wedded Mary Charles doughter whereby it came to passe that he augmēted not a litle the glory of the Eastenrychs name and that Maximiliā did many renowmed prowesses to defende those countryes agaynste the assaulte of the Frenchemen The yeare M. cccclxxxvi was Maximilian made Emperoure at Aken he was crowned the tenth daie of Apryll When he was chosen Emperoure at Franckforde Albert marques of Brandenburg dyed there whome the Italian history writers also do geue the prayse of a sage and wyse prince and also a doughty man of armes The yeare M. cccclxxxvii was Maximiliane taken of his subiectes at Brudgis in Flaūders by a preuy trayne of the Frenchemen But when Frede rick came downe into lowe Germany furnyshed wyth the ayde of the whole empyre Maximilian was letten fre of them of Brudgis The yeare M. ccccxc he asked agayne and toke possession of his hereditary landes of the duchy of Eastenriche the whiche Mathy kyng of Hungary had taken in The yere M. ccccxciii dyed Frederick the third Emperonre in the towne Lyntz and was buried at Vienne The same yeare dyd the Turkes fall in to Croacia but they were dryuen backe agayne by Maximiliane that then was in Eastenriche surnyshed wyth an army of fyftenth ou saude men When Eugenius the .iiij. was deade Nicolaus the .v. was made by shop of Rome Friderick the Emperoure was crowned of hym and he entertayned with moste hygh liberalitie not onely learned men of Italy but also suche as were fled from Con stantinople to Rome namely Gaza Trapezontius Argyropylos by whose procurement al good sciences are renewed and amended Calistus the .iij. was bysh of Ro. after Nicolaus Pius the .ij. before called Eneas Syluius succeded Calistus He was Frederick the Emperoures Chaunceller He had gathered a greate army of all nacions against the Turkes but while the army is demissed without doynge any thyng Paulus the .ij. was after Pius Xystus the .iiii. was by shop of Rome after Paulus In his tyme the yeare M. cccclxxx dyd Mahometes the Turkysh Emperour besyege Hydruntum in Italy and wanne it vsyng therein incredible tyranny Italy was so asrayed that Xystus the Romysh byshop made hrm reade to flye into Fraunce But Mahometes died the same time when Hydruntum was a takynge and that by some destiny lest he should straie farther into Italy Moreouer whyle this was dayng Alfonsus kyng of Naples warred with them of Sena but when he harde the tydyngs of Hydruntum he haisted to returne into his kyngdome and getteth the besyeged citye Hydruntū out of the Turkes handes For whyle Mahometes was deade and that the Turkes haysted now to returne home lest any variaunce myght ryse in their kyngdome Alfonsus obteined the citie easely driuyng the Turkes out of Italy After Xystus was Innocētius the .viii. by of Ro. Alexander the the .vi. was made byshop of Ro. after Innocentius The same had a sonne duke of Valencia whom he made prince of Vrbinas Hys sayeng it was O Cesar o nullo that is Ether Emperoure or nothyng At the last was he nothyng For he was slayne for his sundry craftes that were mengled with gite and deceate The beginning of the science of printyng is sayd to haue bene vnder Frederick the thyrd and thys science of boke printing they saye to haue ben found fyrst at Mentz the yeare M. cccc xl The craft of the gonnes
is much elder it is supposed that the same was also founde in Germany by a frear the yeare M. ccc lxxx Maxi milianus the .xxxviii. Germane Emperoure THe yeare of Christe M. ccccxciiii began Maximilianus hys raygne when his father was deade with whome he gouerned the empyre his lyfe tyme .viii. yeres But after hys fathers deceasse raygned he .xxv. yeares Though the begynnynges of the empyre were lowe and weake yet at the last turned they to hygh auauncement and encrease of the Germane kyngdome In the begynnynge of Maximilanus raygne brought Charles wyth the crooked backe an army into Italy and toke Naples But a yeare after when he was returned into Fraunce gat FerdinaÌ„dus the yonger Naples agayne with ayde of Maximilian dryuynge the Frenchemen out of Italy whiche the Frenche kynge had left at Naples for a garryson Maximilian had many and great battails First in low Germany Flaunders and Brabant in the whiche it is sayd he dyd many noble actes with his owne hande where of I haue herde some but I know not the very truth thereof And would God there would once come one that is sure of such thynges who would writh all those histories in a coÌ„plet boke to the prayse of so greate a prince and myght auaunce worthely before the worlde the puyssaunce and vertues of so doughty an Emperoure I myselfe haue herde of Pyrcamer of Norenberg that Maximiliane hymselfe had written some of his dedes for certayne yeares For he sayde He sayled from Lynda to Constance with Maximilian the Emperoure and when Maximilian was nowe at leasure in saylyng he called his Scribe to hym and rehersed to hym in Latine hys dedes of one yeare in a moste feate order with the declaracion of all the circunstaunces and occasions But when Pyrcamer thought the Scribe should note some secrete thynge and therefore would auoyde the Emperoure coÌ„maunded hym to remayne and lysten Yea and at euening he toke it to Pyrcamer that he had rehersed to rede and asked whether that souldiours Latine dyd lyke hym and should haue sayde moreouer He were mynded to comprehende those thynges so brefely and clerely that afterwarde learned men might declare them so muche the more diligently by their causes and circumstaunces And Pyrcamer sayde that no Germane history writer had vsed so pure a stile as was that of Maximilian And that after maximilianus death he had asked after this writynge but he coulde not obteine it But let this suffyse to be spoken of low Germany The yeare M. ccccxcv was in the parliament holden at Worms of the earldome of Wirtenberg made a duchy and erle Ebrarde was made the fyrst duke The yeare Mccccxcix toke the Switzers warr against their neyghbours them of Eastenrich the whiche to rescue Maximiliane came haystely out of Gelderlande where at that tyme he had to do al so Wherefore hauing many skyrmyshes of both sydes it is certayn that .xx. thousand meÌ„ were slayn at the last was an agrement made The yeare MDi. were euery where figures of crosses sene vpon mens garmentes But suche lyke was oft happened before also The yeare MDiiij was the warre of Baierlande wherein the Emperoure Maximilianus defended the princes of Baier agaynst Philip count Palatine of the Rene and duke Ruperte sonne to Philippe the Palatine For the same maryeng the daughter of George duke of Baier woulde haue Landshut and thatsame parte of Baier to be geueÌ„ ouer to hym by a tytle of inheritaunce But Rupertus dyed with his spouse whyle this warre was in hand the count Palatine was put besyde a great parte of his lordeshyppe by the Emperoures men and them of Wirtenberg Yea and a great army of the Bohemyes that came to helpe the count Palatine were ouerthrowen of the Emperoure At the last neuerthelesse Maximilian vsyng no lesse wysdoÌ„ than fauoure toke the count Palatine to mercy lest any perturbacion myght be raysed in the ryght of the election in the empyre that long sence was alowed and approued The yeare MDv. besyeged the army of the Emperoure the duke of Gelders in the citie Arnheym and constrayned hym to yelde hymselfe The yeare MDvi. died Philippe sonne to Maximilian kyng of Spayne and duke of bourgundy beyng of age .xxviii. yeares The yeare MDvii beganne Maximiliane the warre againste the Venecians no lesse greate then durable in the whiche befell both many bloudy battails and wonderfull mutacions Lewis kynge of Fraunce was first with the Venecians afterwarde fell he from them to the Emperour Contrary wyse the byshop of Rome Iulius was first of the Emperoures syde afterwarde toke he parte with the Venecians The Venecians lost in this warretheir best cities Verona Pauy Teruas other many Howbeit when the Romysh byshop deciuered and fell to the Venecians the Frenche kyng began to warre vpon hym also seyng he had yet the Emperours souldiours in Italy Now feared the Emperoure lest if he had the victory he shuld fall into Naples also and do also some euell at Rome to the empyres destruction Wherfore he sent the Cardinall Matheus Langius bishop of Saltzburg one of his counsaill to Iulius the byshop of Ro. to demaunde peace before the Ro. byshop and the Frenche kyng had foughten a felde Iulius for asmuch as he was very well appoynted with the ayde of Spaniardes and Italians he thought to be sure of the victory therfore refused he the peace The battail was vpoÌ„ Easter daie the yeare MDxii by Rauennas The byshop of Romes host lay vnder there were slain in that battaill syxtene thousand Nether is there red of a more greuous felde to haue ben about this tyme wherein men haue fought so fearcely But after this victory lost dyd Iulius frely demauÌ„de peace Howbeit lest the French kyng enterprisedought farther in Italy dyd Maximilian and the bysh of Rome set the kyng of Englande Germany and the Switzers against hym and of this wyse was the Frenche kyng at the last constrained to leaue Italy The Venecians were afterwarde reconciled to to the Emperoure also The yere MDxix dyed Maximilian the Emperoure and thatsame yere the princes Electors Albert Cardinall byshop of Mentz Herman byshop of Colen erle of Wida Richarde byshop of Trierlorde of Grieffenklau the deputie of Lewis kyng of Bohemy Lewis couÌ„t Palatine of the Rene. Frederick duke of Saxony Ioachim marques of Brandenburg did chose lawfull and with great wisdom at FraÌ„ckford Charles duke of EasteÌ„ ryche and Bourgundy and kyng of Spayne the xxviii daye of Iune Pius the iij. was bysh of Ro. after alexander the vi The same died shortely after Iulius the .ij. succeded Pius Against him wrote Bernardinê° the Cardinal in the tyme of the Venecian warre of kepyng a counsail The matter shuld haue geuen an occasion of a diuision had not Maximilian preuented it by his syngulare wisedome Leo the .x. sonne to Laurence Medices was made byshop of Rome after Iulius In the tyme of this Leo
constauncy faithfulnes which he had vsed towards his prince in y â— he had so coÌ„stantly resisted and repelled his aduersary and after that he had endued hym with great giftes he sent hym againe to his owne Assone nowe as the Turke with his armie was departed from the saied towne and had geuen ouer the sayed syege the wall of the sayed Towne fell downe to the grounde by it selfe whereby it may appeare that the same was afore preserued and defended from that violent power of the Turke by the myghty hande and assistence of God Nowe when the Turke perceiued suche a great power of the germayne nation commynge agaynst hym â–ª he retyred backwarde againe with his power whiche all ready entred into Stewermarke as farre forth as Graytes and made his arryr to marche and passe alonge by the sayed Towne of Graytes euen from the dawnyng in the mornyng vntyll the next morowe folowyng whereof it maye easely be gathered with what power he was come thether But yet to thyntent he myght not seme to haue bestowed all his laboure in vayne and to haue â—led without any harme done to the Germayne nation he left behynde hym not farre from the newe towne in Austriche about xiâ— thousande â–ª some say xvi thousand men to destroie the borders of Steyermâ—â—â—â—â— and Austrych as sone as the Germayne warriours shoulde haue remoued Howbeit after muche searchyng thesaied nomber of men was espyed and theyr â–ª enterpryse brought to lyght For thys cause Duke Frederike chief Capitayne toke vnto hym a certain nomber of launce knightes or Pietons and a certayn nomber of heauy horsemen with whome he vndertoke and attempted to smite the said multitude of Turkes and compassed them on euery syde besydes the montaynes by a great cawssy and caused certain dubble souldiours well armed to folowe them at their hyles to barre them in for turnyng backwarde agayne of the whiche dubble souldiours was Capitayne one Sebastiane Skartell of Ausborongh insomuch that the saied Turkes were first assayled with two heapes against whom they defended them selues stoutely but yet they lost ther about a thousand of their own men whereupon eftsones they toke their flyght but as they would haue fled out of the mountaines the other heapes of our men were in their neckes by whom also they were all discomfited and slaine so that no Turke might escape Some of them they founde afterwarde on the mountaynes and in wodes and some vpon trees where they were fled to saue their lyues amonge whome some were shot-down with gonnes lyke byrdes or wyldefoule and some were taken and deliuered to the Trosse to cut and mangle them at their pleasures whiche were very pyteously chopped and carued of the younger sorte of people After that this alarme was ceassed and qualified the Emperoure and the kyng roade forth into the campe of the Germaines and the Emperoures maiestie beholdyng the people as they stode in aray maruayled excidyngly coÌ„cernyng the nombre and multitude of them insomuche it was reported that he should aske of duke Frederick the vpper capitain whether suche an other multititude of men might be founde and assembled thoroughout all Duchelande whereunto thesaide Duke made aunswere that it was scant perceyued in the townes of Ducheland that any man there was missing or lackyng after this as some do affyrme there should be takeÌ„ a certayne truce and agrement with the Turke for a certayne tyme but how after what sorte and maner or on what condition this hangeth yet within the penne â–ª and is lyke also there to remayne yet a whyle Some are of this opinioÌ„ that the cause why the Emperoures maiestie made no haste to pursue after the Turke was this that winter was at haÌ„d and that therefore the warriours were dismissed and sent away so that with the saied innumerable multitude of warriours littel good was donesauig that muche money was vnprofytably wasted and expended Wherfore I suppose after myne owne iudgement that in case the Emperours and the kinges maiestie had proceded and gone forward with that armye or multytude whiche was there at that tyme assembled and gathered together and had made sure certayne townes in Hungary which would gladly haue rendred and yelded themselues again while the Turkes fled and had at the going out of winter be gonne agayne to seke the Turke at home in his owne lande the Turkysh tyraunt woulde no more so spitefully plage vs in our coÌ„treis But thus wold God punysh vs yet loÌ„ger for our wickednes for the whiche cause also God did suffre the best couÌ„ sail to be hindred by one man only for it is thought that the Emperours maiestie was by the only coun sayll of Anthony de Leua turned from thesaid pur sewte so that the Turke had a free and sure passage home agayne into his owne dominions and remained vnharmed in Hungary for somuche as he was not there put to any losse or hynderaunce by our men or on our behalf While these thynges were a doing in Austriche and Steirmarke Andrew de Aurea chief capitain of themperours maiesties nauy vpon the seas weÌ„t at themperours coÌ„maundement with an exceding great Armade or navy vnto the citie of Corona whiche lieth in the Ilonde of the Grekes somtyme called Poloponesus and nowe Morea whiche citie he did ouercome and expelled from thence all the Turkes But the Christians did not longe enioye the same for within two yeres after the Turkes obtayned the possession of the saied towne agayn smal to our reioysing When the matter was nowe in Austriche qualified and all thinges quiet the Emperour Charles the fift returned thorough the mountaines of Stiermarke namely thorough kerint and Frioulesonttyme called Forum Iuly and so through Mantua into Italy agayne to the Pope Clement by name who came to mete hym at Bononia with greate pompe and solempnitie in so muche that he continued in Italy all the winter of this yere stablishing the same in order peace and tranquilitie In EnglaÌ„d was also in this yere moued a battel For kyng Henry the eight sent men into Scotland against Iames the fift kyng of the Scottes where in coÌ„clusion they slew a great nomber toke many prisoners and so returned Also in the same yere dyed the ryght hygh and myghty prince â–ª Iohn duke of Saxon and electour imperiall c. and was honorably buried at Wittenborough in the Castel churche whose sonne and heire is the ryght noble and christen Prince Iohn Fredericke whiche after the deceasse of his saied father succeded in the gouernaunce of the saied dukedome of Saxon as electour imperiall rulynge the same moste honorably in the feare of God muche to his prayse and commendacion There was also a Comete or blasyng starre sene this yere in the moneth of September whiche appeared early in the morning two houres before the risyng of the Sunne by the space of certayn wekes in the sygne of Virgo Libra and Scorpius at the
certayne letter by hym to Pope Paule directed Also this yeare in the Moneth of Iuly dyed at Basill that excellent Clarke Erasmus of Roterdame beyng about the age of .lxx. yeares who was a special instrument of God to restore the Greke and Latine tonges agayne to their puritie Whiche also hath done no small seruice with his writinges towardes the settyng furth of the Gospell the true lyght of our soules as euery wyse man may right well perceyue and gather by his wrytynges wherof he hath left behynde hym a greate sorte and in a maner innumerable bookes IN the yeare of our lorde MDxxxvij euen in the begynning of the yere began certayne preuy practyses and conspiracies to be wrought agaynst the Euangelicall Princes and their confederates For the Pope sought all the meanes possible to stirre vp some commotion and dissention in Germany and had procured all ready by the meanes of the Duke of Brounswike called Henry the younger and brought to passe by certayne byshops namely the byshippe of Mence with other that the Duke George of Saxon shoulde assiste the Duke of Brunswyke with money to inuade Iohn Frederike Duke of Saxon and electour imperiall and Philippe Land graue of Hessene whiche Practise and conspiracy was begonne so preuely and kept so close that if God had not specially preserued the fauoures of hys worde it myght haue turned them to muche wo and trouble For the Duke of Brunswyke had all ready assembled a competent nombre of men within his lande and that so preuely that many dyd afterwarde wonder at it But when he thought with hys adherentes that the matter had bene sure almyghty God red their treasurer Duke George out of the way by death sodaynely or euer any man suspected hys infirmitie And so succeded Duke Henry into his brothers heritage whiche had kept hys Court poorely many yeares at Fryburgh in the lande of Myssene beyng a good laudable and Euangelicall Prince And albeit that Duke George brother to the sayed Duke Henry was also in his actes and gouernaunce a very wyse and circumspecte Prince and experte in cyuyle policies as his buyldynges and townes which he hath left behynde hym beare wytnes yet had he this faulte that he as it happeneth commonly to suche as are worldly wyse had his prudence and hipocriticall conuayaunce so blynded â–ª that he would not cleaue vnto the Gospel where of neuertheles he was not ignoraunt for none other cause then that some Pope or some Cardinall had not set it furth and brought it to lyght but apore frere as was doctor Luther yea he was suche an enemy to the Gospell that he dyd not onely persecute and banyshe hys subiectes that embraced and fauoured the same but also woulde depriue his saied brother Henry of his heritage whyle he cleaued sted fastly to Goddes worde But God tourneth all thynges to the prophite of his bâ—leuers For when Duke George was in this minde had sought al meanes possible to disherite and dispossesse his brother all was sodaynely turned vpsyde downe For after that Iohn his sonne was departed out of this worlde leauyng no bodely heyre behynde hym in as muche as it was not well possyble for hym to procreate chyldren beyng continually geuen to superfluitie and dronkennes he had yet an other sonne not being endued with to muche witte called Henry vnto whome not withstanding that by the reason of his â—oolysh behaueour he was vnmete to haue the rule gouernauÌ„ce of the lande he gaue hym a wyfe of a basse stocke and lowe degree to thende that by this meanes he myght if it were possible obtayne an heire for the lande and defraude his brother of his heritage commaundyng his Phisicians to geue his sayd Sonne good prouisions whereby hys lust myght be the better stirred and prouoked towardes his wyfe But what was the ende Thys hope and expectation continued but a small tyme for within the space of two monethes thesaed yong maried man died Many wyll say and affirme that the Phisicians kylled hym with their confortatiues But it was the worke of God who would haue the Gospell to reigne in the sayed Duchye by the administracion of the sayed Duke Henry For the saied Duke George dyed also shortely after the deceasse of his saied sonne as before is mencioned When nowe the Papistes were thus destitute of their comforte hauyng lost all their hope and expectacioÌ„ in that the land and the treasures wherwith they intended and trusted to haue resysted the Gospell was nowe fallen into the handes of hym that would therewith auaunce and promote the same their capitayne Duke Henry of Brunswycke was faine to geue ouer and disperse his army for the money wherwith the souldiours should haue bene paied was now withdrawen Wherfore as it was reported the saied Duke should say that he had rather lost God in heauen then this man Wherby euery Christen man may easely perceyue wheron the hope of the Papistes is grounded But let vs learne here that a Christian may not truste in any man nor feare any mans threatenyng nor yet dyspayre in pouertie and tribulation but must onely put al his trust and confidence in God who is able to breake and ouerthrowe the imaginacions of the proude and to exalte the pore according to the song of Mary he trusteth downe the proude from their seates and lifteth vp the lowely When God had on this wyse deliuered his littel flocke in the lande of Saxon and of Hessen from the craftes and enterpryses of their enemy the said duke Henry succeding in the rowme of his brother deceassed abolyshed the abhominacion of Popysh Idolatry thoroughout all his iurisdiction and dominion and coÌ„maunded Goddes worde to be preached in all places sincerely and purely for the maintenaunce whereof he sought all about for learned men to geue dilygent attendaunce to the settynge furth of the same After this he dyd also erecte and restore the Scoole of Lipsigh whiche was sore decayed before to the mayntenaunce whereof he dyd institute and appointe speciall priuileges and newe stipendes and ordeined the excellently learned man Ioachim Camerary of Bambery reder in liberall sciences and prouided for other faculties also sage men well learned so that both gods worde also learnyng dyd myghtely increase and florysh agayn in thys lande God graunt it may long continue to the prayse of his mooste holy name In Fraunce was not the warres yet ceased whiche was begonne the yere before For the king was yet mightely armed and came furth in the moneth of Marche towardes the west into the Duchye of Artois whiche is called Picardy where he dyd great harmâ— and about the .xviij. daye of the same moneth he beseged y â— towne of Hedin which was yelded vp vnto hym the .xiij. day of Aprill next folowing When he had ouercome the sayde towne he furnyshed it and other places lyeng there about with meÌ„ and so retourned home again In the meane
Gate of triumphe sett full of goodly sayenges and Latyne verses made for the Emperoures pleasure and to his honoure And aboue vppon the toppe of the Gatether was asplayed Eegell made whiche a man gouerned and when the Emperoures maiestie came to the Gate the Egell plucked in his Whynges and bowed hymselfe to the Emperoure reuerently with his body And dyd lykewise on the other syde when the Emperoure was ridden through the Gate The day folowyng did the Emperour ride to the counsail house There was a royal seate cloth of estate set vp in the streate ouer against the shewing place whereuÌ„to the Emperour was leadde by certen of the Aldermen Thether came the comens of the citie before the councell house whiche after the priueledges liberties of the citie were coÌ„firmed made better did there sweare vnto y e Emperour After that y â— Emperours maiestie toke his iourney to Regensburg where the parliament was appointed Thither came many dukes lordes both spirituall temporall the kyng Ferdinandus And when the most part was come together the Emperours maiestie deliuered vnto the states degrees of thempire a boke wherein y e articles of our christen beleue were contained willing theÌ„ to shewe it to their learned meÌ„ that they might agree in all these Articles but with this condicion that all that was said done on both sydes should againe be deliuered vnto the Emperour in writing And after the states degrees of the Empire had willingli agreed thereuÌ„to werther learned meÌ„ chosen to coÌ„men together to agree therein On oure syde were chosen Phillipe Melanthon Marten Bucer Iohan Baker superintendent of Nidda And on the other syde Doctor Eckius Doctor Iulius pâ—â—ng and Iohan Groepper These after muche and long disputacion agreed concernyng the most part and chefe of the Articles of the Boke as of these folowing The first of the power of the fre wil of man both before and after the regeneration newe birth The second of the byrth synne or Original sinne The thrid of Iustificacion and righteous making before God which is the summe and the chefe and principall pointe The fourth of the new birth and of the working of the holy ghost in them that be newe borne The fyfth of belefe of the grace of God and of the merytes of Christ The syxth of good woorkes and their merites The seuenth of the churche of Christ and of the tookens thereof and also of the falsse membres of the churche The eigth of the Cannonical scripture and their aucthoritie The nyneth of the aucthoritie of the churche and of the counsayls that is to saye that they must alwayes agree with the holy scripture The tenth of the power and vse of the Sacramentes The leuenth of Repentaunce The twelueth of the ministers of the churche their aucthoritie The thirteÌ„neth of the Ceremonies of y â— church The fourtenneth of the commemoracioÌ„ and remembraunce of the Sainctes The fyftenneth of Images The syxtenneth of the Masse The seueÌ„tenneth that the SacrameÌ„t of the supper ought to be deliuered vnder both the kindes to the laye people The eighteÌ„neth of the discipline and Nourtour of the churche both of the spirituail and temporall the .xix. Of the visitacion of the Christen The tweÌ„tyeth that euery nacion should holde a counsayll among them selues euery yeare to the coÌ„seruacton of relligion and condempnacion of Errowers Of all these Articles they agreed on both parties as appeareth by the â—reatie thereof whiche is put out in prynte And when the treatie and consul tacion of both partes was desiuered to the Empetours maiestie he she wed it to Gaspar Contarenus Cardinall S. Apolinaris the byshop of Romes Ambassadour and desyred hym to coÌ„sent therunto But forasmuche as it is not the byshop of Romes incanyng to haue any agrement made accordyng to the scripture the Cardinal wold no nother wyse consent â–ª but so that the Articles should be sent vnto the Byshop of Rome that he myght conclude therein what should please him at the next general Counsaill that should be holden And in as muche as many of the States and de grees of the Empyre were discontent there wyth for they knewe that the Pope woulde neuer be contented wyth that Agreement seyng it woulde do no small barme and dammage too hys kyngdome they desyred the Emperoures Maiestie to geue them leaue that they myght haue those Articles that were agreed of to bee openly taught in their Churches whiche thynge also was graciously graunted them to do as the dissolycyon of thesame Parliament declared Whereupon also the Princes hereafter named caused the sayd Articles to be preached in their landes and dominions Fyrst Duke Otho Henrick of Bayer Countie Palatine on the Rene. Phillip his brother The Citie of Regensburg The Citie of Swyneforth Whom the Cytie of Rottenburg on the Tawber folowed in the yeare of oure lorde a thousande fyue hundreth fourty and foure And there woulde vndoubtedly moa haue folowed if the deuell had not hyndered them thorou hys membre Doctour Eckius For he after he had all the whyle the disputacion lasted done all hys diligence to disanulle the whole booke that the Emperoure gaue theim to agree of as Erroneouse but coulde not brynge his purpose aboute and yet muste bee affraied of the Emperoures Maiestie whiche had caused the Booke to be diligently wrytten thorowe the counsall of hys learned men or muste elles hane bene proued a lyer wyth the playne truthe thoroughe the wytnesse of the disputers of oure syde and of his awne felowes wrote vnto those states and degrees that leyned to the Byshoppe of Rome after this soarte That vnmeete Booke neuer lyked me ner yet dothe nor euer shall wherein I haue founde so many errours and fawtes Wherefore I wyll geue this sentence that it shall not bee receaued of the Catholikes as whiche dispyseth the veyne of the old fathers and smelleth vtterly of Melancthon And I Eccius haue not agreed thereunto nor haue also seene the Booke that was delyuered to the Emperours maiestie but that certer of the Lutherians Articles were read vnto me much lesse haue I agreed vnto the wrytyng that was as I heare saye delyuered to the Emperoures Maiestie with the Booke whiche I neuer sawe This wrote Eccius as is mencioned but howe vntruely his awne companions in a supplication wrytten vnto the Vmpeeres and presidentes of the disputacion wyt nesse wherein they complayne of Eccius and of hy sfalsheede excusyng them selues besydes that the presydentes also as the Lorde Frederick Countie Palatyne Electour on the Rhene and the Lord Granuell one of the Emperoures Maiesties counsayll and the Emperoures Maiestie hym selfe excused Eccius companyons and praysed them that they had done truely and honestly and confessed that Eccius had agreed and consented to that that they dyd as then all these thynges maye suffyciently be sene in the treatye it selfe Nowe the whyle the matter stoode thus as touchyng Rellygion
and the second mornyng after they came into the towne they cried Frantza Frantza and kept them together with their wordes and other weapons Nowe in the towne was very fewe people and vnape to warr by the meanes wherof they yelded them selues This towne as men suppose dyd the Frenche kynge therfore cause to be taken in to let the turck in ther in to styrmarcke kernton and the other landes nyghe ther vnto for it was a goode hauen and meate for that purpose whyche thyng yet God hath thus longe graciously preserued vs from In the meane whyle ther was preparacion made the whole Empyre thorow and a myghtye greate armye gathered to send in to vngary as was concluded at Regensburge agaynste the turcke and ther were men sent out of all the coastes of Dutche lande whyche came to geather harde by Vyenne Nowe euen when they shulde goforwarde wyth the wholl multytude togeather whyche were aboue an hundreth thousande yet was therby the meanes of hyndraunce no greate thynge brought to passe for it was in the later ende of harueste so that it wolde be shortely tyme to prepare for theyr wynter Campe. Yet the chefe and hyghe captayn for that he woulde nott be counted to haue gone forth in vayne went forwarde and beseged Peste whyche the turcke hadde wonne the yeare before in wynter and assaulted it wyth the greatlosse of our men And as they in the citye fell often oute to feyght wyth oure men duke Mauryce of Saxon played the man and folowed after the enemyes so farre from hys awne company that he was compassed rounde aboute of the turckes and taken But because they coulde get nothyng of hym in his complete harnesse they woulde leuer haue taken hym therout alyue the whyle the Turckes were aboute hym to haue shyfted hym oute of his harnesse one of hys Ientellmen soughte so manfully to delyuer hys master tyll the reaste of the horse men myssed theyr master and came to help hym and vtterlie delyuered hym from the Enemyes But the Ientylman that fought so manfullye for him was kylled of the turckes In the meane ceason ther came a great horrible sycknesse amonge the soudyars whyche wacksed greater and greater by the meanes wherof they were compelled to brekeup the Campe and gyue the soudyars leaue to departe So that haply thorou the handyworck of God whyche wyll moare punyshe vs wyth the Turcke as we then daly wel deserue with vnthanckfulnesse and with the persequntynge of his woorde ther was no moare done but that we loste bothe our men and monye and all oure labour and made our selues mockyng stockes to the Turcke At the departynge from thence they so dyed of the afforsayde sycknesse that skant the tenth man came home agayne Thys sycknesse was so contagyouse that yf one butt blewe vpon a nother he muste dye and the whyle they laye they were full of fantesyes as though they had bene madde and as â—onâ— as that madnesse was gonne from them they dyed by and by Very fewe recouered that had this syckenesse but they that dyed not of it lay wounderouse long syck Whyle the Marquesse of Brandenburge as is â—for sayde laye wych thys multitude in Vngary in the meane whyle the famouse prynce Ihon Fryderycke Duke of Saxon. Electour c. and Philyppe Landgraue of Hesse and they that were in leaghe wyth them toke in to waghes a reasonable goode sorte of horsse men and fote men agaynste Duke Henrye of Brunswycke The occasyon of thys warre was that the Duke of Brunswycke after he hadde of shamefully and hyghly slaundred bothe the Electoure and the Landgraue wyth openlye prynted bokes dyd them of Goslar and Brunswycke whyche bothe weare in leaghe wyth the afforsayd prynces manye and greate iniuryes as that he belayed the wayes to these twoo cytyes toke theyr cytezens presoners toke raunsome for them yet killed them And although he were often commaunded to leaue those proude poyntes by the Emperoure and the kynge of the Romaynes yet woulde he not leaue hys euell purpose sayd that it shoulde coste hym hys wholle Dukedome yet he woulde leue it Nouwe in as muche as ther coulde no meane be founde to helpe the matter the aboue mencyoned Noble Prynces and they that were in leaghe wyth them were dryuen to defende ther felowes membres of the same leaghe Therefore wente they forwarde in Iuly with their soudyars whiche were aboute two and twenty thousand in to the land of Brunswick There the cities and castelles were yelde vppe one after a nother and were wyth frenshyppe gracyouslye receaued and defended and euery man suffred to kepe hys awne goodes wyth out any losse or hynderaunce But suche as wolde wyth stande were compelled to be obedyente When he of Brunswyke sawe that he manned hys beste and strongeste house called Woluenbutell whych lyeth in a flatte euenfelde wyth strong walles and water ditches wyth hys awne subiectes and wente hys waye as thoughe he woulde fetchemo men and shortely come agayne and helpe them commaund ynge them to playe the men and kepe the house tyll he came agayne They hadde also all thynges ynoughe in the Castel that was neadefull ther to yf they shoulde haue bene long beseaged Nowe when the princes came before the Castel they sent word thyther that they shuld haue peace and a safe conduyte to come oute wyth all that they hadde yf they woulde yelde vppe the Castell Ther vnto answered the captaines that were with in the Castell that they shulde come agayne thre yeare after and then woulde they geue them an Answer to that question For they trusted to kepe that Castell so longe they thoughte that it was nott possyble to wynne it if it were nott hungred oute and they hadde made prouision for thre yeares wherefore they woulde not yelde it vp Vpon thys prowde Answere the prynces and the cytye of Brunswyke treuched in thre places and pytched theyr tentes And the Land graue came so nyghe wyth hys ordynaunce that a man myghte caste a stoane in to the Castell dytche oute of hys trenche And when they hadde begonne to shote the ordynaunce the trompettoure of the Castell syttynge aboue in the tower beganne to playe thys ballatte to anger the Prynces wyth all If thy pastime repent y e than get y e home again c. Therwyth all was the Land graue so angrye that he leuelled al his ordinaunce against the tower and so shott ther at that the tower and the trompetter wyth all hys pypynge fell downe Thys fallynge downe of the tower made them that were in the Castell so affearde that they that dwellte in the countreye harde by the Castell beganne streyght wayes to come oute one after a nother swymmynge ouer the dytche by a duffhouse And when y e other mercked that many of theyr men were gonne and were to weeke to wythstande the greate power that was there agaynst them they yelded vppe
departed homeward to his owne syr Ierome Bomegardener a learned maÌ„ y â— feared god being sent to the said couÌ„sail froÌ„ the towne of NurreÌ„ myght haue ouercome subdued all Fraunce with out any notable losse of his men For the warriours of the Frenche kyng were become so faintharted y t they durst in no place resist their enemies To the which act themperour might haue ben greatly aduaunced by the meanes that the kyng of Englande saye also in Fraunce with a great power Howbeit through great intreataunce mediation of y e chiefe lordes of the parliamen at Paris the duke of Orleans the kinges sonne who did specially fauoure y e Emperour the matter was brought to a staye but on what coÌ„dicion I haue no certaintie of knowledge as yet for somuch as some say one thing some another Wherfore I wil rather write nothing theÌ„ I shuld therof affirme any thing vncertaine In this yere chaunced foure horrible Eclpses or darkenings The first of the Moone the .x. daye of Ianuary about .vi. of the clock in y e morning which lasted .iii. houres .xxviii. minutes the Moone was hidden .xii. pointes .xlvi. minutes The second of the SuÌ„ne the .xxiiii. day of Ianuary about ix of the clock before noone lasting .ii. houres .vi. minutes â–ª the SuÌ„ne was darkened about .xi. pointes .xvii. minutes when this darkenes was at the hiest it was so darke euerywhere as it is coÌ„monly at night wheÌ„ the Sunne is newely set insomuch that all fowles cattaile whiche were mery before became still sad as though they had mourned had compassion with the Sunne being darkened The third Eclipse was of the Moone the .xiiii. day of Iuly about half an houre after eight whiche lasted .iii. houres .xlii. minutes the Moone was darkened â–ª xvii â–ª pointes and .xxv. minutes The fourth was of the Moone the .xxix. day of december in the morning about half an houre befor seuen lasted .iii. houres .xxxvi. minutes the mone being depriued of her light by the shadowe of y e earth about .xiiii. pointes and .xviii. minutes But what effecte and operation the sayde Eclipses and darkenynges brought with them maye euery wyse man partely perceyue by the contentes of the Story of the yere next folowyng and partely by the dayly discourse and exercyse bothe of magistrates and of subiectes For without special alteration of earthely creatures suche constellacions are not wont to passe as experience doth sufficiently teache and declare This yere henry the eight king of England sent an armye into Scotlande in the moneth of May whiche landed at Lyth in Scotlande and so went burnyng and destroyeng the countrey about sparyng nether castel towne pyle nor vyllage vntyll they had ouerthrowen and destroyed many of theÌ„ as the borough and towne of Edenborough with the Abbey called Holy Rodehouse and the kynges Palice adioyned to the same The towne of Lyth also with the hauen and peyre The castell and vyllage of Cragmyller the Abbay of Newbottell and parte of Muskelborowe towne the Chappel of our lady of Lawret. Preston towne and the castell Harintowne wyth the Freres and Nunery and castell of Oliuer Sancklers the towne of Dunbar Laurestone wyth the Graunge with many other townes castels vyllages and pyles Also this yere thesayd kynges maiestie prepared an army into Fraunce thither he went his owne person beseged the stroÌ„g towne of Bullen in Fraunce and there wanne the watch toure otherwyse called the olde man the .xxviij. day of Iuly And the .xxix. day of the same moneth Basse Bullyn was wonne the .xiij. day of September the towne of hygh Bullyn was victoriously coÌ„quered by the said kyng of England whiche after the entreaty humble peticion made of the French men gaue them licence to take bag bagage with them so departe the .xiiij. day of SepteÌ„ber at .iii. of the clocke at after none y e towne gate was opened the people began to come out they helde on vntill .vij. of the clocke at night And there were in nombre of men women children iiiâ— M. of them .xv. C. able meÌ„ of warre they had with them as muche as they could cary both men women children that was able to beare any thing and their horses kine were loded with as much stuffe as they could beare away And they had .lxxv. wagens laden with them IN the yere of our lord 1545. was another couÌ„cell kept at Wormes where many thinges were discussed entreated as the breakyng vp of the same publyshed maketh mencion There was also coÌ„cluded as touching matters of religion that a coÌ„munication disputacion shuld be kept at Rainsburgh the next yere whereunto y e estates of the Gospel or Euangelical princes shoulde appointe viiâ— learned men on their partie and likewise the Papistes eyght men on theyr syde whose mutuall agreementes and conclusyons shoulde bee propounded and declared vnto the Emperoure That afterwarde he might coÌ„sulte vpon suche thinges as shuld seme to make for an vnitie concorde Whyle these and suche other matters were debated and determined at Wormes in the presence of the Emperoure and the kyng of the Romaines the ryght high and myghty Prince and lorde Frederike Palatine and Electour Imperiall by the Rene coÌ„sideryng pondring the necessitie of his princely graces poore subiectes wherein they lay miserably captiuated and clogged vnder the yoke of that wicked and detestable Papacy and how many soules might be lost and brought to dampnacion or euer such vnitie as should be made at Raynsburgh could be brought to passe And also howe many consultacions and disputacions had bene kept before this tyme wherein alwaies the papisticall secte had bene conuinced and ouercome â–ª and yet neuertheles had alwayes persisted in their Idolatry and defended it the longer the more violently whereby it myght be easely perceiued and concluded what hope of amendement or agreement there was to be loked for He determined and coÌ„cluded with hymselfe furth with to forsake all popysh abhomination and not to tarye the yssue or ende of the sayde conuocacion and disputacion but in asmuche as thorough the grace and mercy of God he had obtained knowledge of the truthe and lyght of the Gospell to canse the same without delay to be ministred and declared to his poore subiectes Wherefore he ordeyned and constituted in all his iurisdictions that the Popish abhominacion should be put downe and that in stede of the same the Gospell of Christ should be frely preached that his pore coÌ„mons might be taught and brought into the right and true way of saluacion Our Lorde and sauiour Iesus Christe preserâ—e hym and all the fauourers of his worde to procede and go forwarde in the settyng furth of hys wyll to the glory of his blessed name Amen This yere also died the doughter of kyng Ferdinando whiche was maried to Sigismunde the younge king of Pooles
whiche was no small grefe to the kyng her father But of what death she dyed I could neuer heare no certayntie as yet only this is manifest that she was not very well entertayned of the kyng her husbande although it was a synguler grefe to the olde kyng his father When the Emperour the conuocation at Wormes beyng expired came downe into the lower partes of Duchlande he proued the good byshop of Collyn diuers maner of wayes yf he myght by any meanes haue caused hym to forsake and renouÌ„ce the Gospell and haue brought hym agayn to the obedience of the Pope But the good christeÌ„ father remained vnmouable hitherto as a rock surely couched vpon Christ the true fundacion God preserue hym to the ende vouch saue also to illuminate the Emperours maiestie that he may knowe the truth and be deliuered from the snares of Antichrist After this themperour toke in hand to make peace betwene the kyng of Englande and the Frenche kyng For the king of Englande lay yet strongly in campe against the Frenche kyng but to what effect the said matter was brought shall appeare in tyme conuenient In the meane season Henry of Brunswike which before thre yeres had bene expelled out of the land gathered an hoste of men as preuely as he coulde And when he had assembled a competent nombre of men in the bishopriche of Werden he marched with xv C. horses or more and .viij. M. LauÌ„ceknightes towardes Rottenburgh into the byshoprike of Breme trustyng there to obtaine the byshoppes greate ordinaunce But when they of the citie of Breme had knowledge of his coÌ„ming they sent a certayne noÌ„bre of souldiours for the defence of RotteÌ„burgh which hindred the duke of bruÌ„swike of his purpose When he perceiued that his enterprise toke no better successe he went with all his power into the laÌ„d of LuneÌ„bourgh where he dyd sore endamage the poore people and so proceded to recouer his lande from whence he was expelled First he recouered Stonebridge which yelded vnto him without any great nede From thence he toke his way towards Woluesbutell in his going he wrought much wo to the citie of Brunswike roauing and burnyng in her suburbes villages land markes inrisdictions wherupon he wrote to diuers townes to make an agrement with him he did also require money of one of Electours of certain byshops attempting partely as it were by threatenings minaces to coÌ„pell theÌ„ to do hym this pleasure And while the duke raged thus about BruÌ„swike his ministers Otho counte of Rithberg Alhard of Hoord with other brought at their Lordes commaundemeÌ„t into the Countie of Deckelenburg about .viij. C. some saye M. horses about .iii. M. launceknightes which inuaded the said counte in his dominions because he fauoured the Gospel troublyng and spoylyng the poore people with burnyng and raunsaking to piteously After this the sayd hoste marched towardes the water called the Weser where they endamaged certayne gentelmeÌ„ and fermers of the LaÌ„dgraue And after that they had constrained a certayne officer belonging to the Byshop of Minster and of Minden whiche dwelled in the place vpon the hyll to disburse vnto them a certayn summe of money they departed from theÌ„ce to Duke Henry before Woluesbutell In the meane season had the said Duke Henry caused the countrey to receiue hym agayne as their Lorde with due solempnities according to the custome and maner in that behalfe done accordingly the towne of Shennigen whiche was garnysshed wyth souldiours by the confederates of Smalcalde onely except After this he beseged the towne of Woluesbutell with both the sayde armyes and caused the water to be conuayed out of the diche that compasseth the Castell whiche lytell preuayled hym For they that kept the Castell defended them selues manfully and with skyrmysshing and shutyng they vexed and harmed their enemies very sore stoppyng also and fyllyng the diches and sluses whiche their aduersary had digged to let out the water Besydes this God sent a rayne whereby their for saide dyche was soone fylled with water againe Whyle nowe Duke Henry was troubled in his affaires Philip LaÌ„dgraue of Hessen as a Capitain of the Euangelicall confederacion establyshed at Smalcalde prepared hymselfe hauyng also men sent hym from the Electour of SaxoÌ„ whose Capitayne was Duke Ernest of Brunswike Duke Philippes Sonne and also from all the Estates of the sayde confederacion To hym came also duke Maurice of Saxon with a 1000 horses 4000. 500. lauÌ„ceknightes a competent tyre of ordinauÌ„ce at hys owne charges to helpe the sayde Electour and the Landgraue When the sayde Landgraue therfore had a competent nombre of warriours in a readynes he went furth and pytched hys Campe by the towne of Northeim where bothe the aboue named princes came vnto hym But when the sayde Duke of Brunswyke had knowledge of thys commyng of the Landgraue he lefte Woluesbutell and went to mete the Landgraue pitching hys Campe besydes Bierbergh in a vyllage called Calfelde a good duche myle from the Landgraues Campe. And on Saturdaye the .xvij. daye of October certayne horsemen wyth certayne launceknyghtes of the Brunswykers shewed them selues vpon the hil of Northeim and schirmysshed with the Landgraues men whiche were soone repelled with the smal ordinaunce and turned backe agayne to their Campe In the meane season Duke Maurice at the request of Marquis Iohn who had a daughter of Brunswyke to wyfe and of certayne other Princecely persons sought meanes to make a peace and agreemeÌ„t betwene the Duke of Brunswyke and the Landgraue But whyle the Landgraue durst conclude nothyng wythout the counsayll and consent of the other confederates the matter was delayed vpon this the sonday next folowyng whyche was the .xviij. daye of October Duke Henry brake vp with his army to take and recouer a certayne hyll and a Cloyster from whence he myght haue done notable hurt to the Landgraue with his ordinaunce But when the Landgraue perceyued this he caused that hole to be stopped For the thre princes with all their power except a small quantitie of horsemen and a certaine nombre of launce knyghtes whiche were left in the Campe to kepe the ordinauÌ„ce toke in the sayde hyll before hym In so muche that there was muche shutyng on both parties in whiche conflycte many good men and horses were endamaged and hurted on both sydes And whyle this skyrmyshing and shutyng endured duke Maurice proceded to auoyde muche sheding of bloude if it were possible to set a stay in the matter by the whiche his earnest labour he brought to passe that a truce was taken froÌ„ that hoâ—re vntyl the monday at nyght In the meane whyle dyd Maurice coÌ„men w t the duke of Brunswike howbeit there coulde no certainte be gotteÌ„ at his hand but he went without any respect of the said truce caused his horsmen to spoyle and take xâ—iij wagens sent for prouandâ—r with horses and all their
earth In the moneth of Aprill came the Emperoures maiestie to Raynesburgh on Saturday after mydlent Sonday where he founde but fewe princes of the Empyre besydes a small nombre of certaine byshoppes Consequentely after Easter when certayn princes and Ambassadours or Legates of other were come thither the conuocation was begonne and the propositions were of the agreement of the Articles in controuersy in religion of the ordre and establyshment of the chamber court and of the Coyne Item howe the Turke myght be resisted But in the meane season when there was great prouision and preparation made to take vp men warriours in the name of themperours Maiestie thoroughout all Duchelande the Electours princes and estates of the confession of Ausbourgh desyred moste humbly at Whitsontyde to knowe of the Emperours Maiestie against whome suche preparation of warre was intended whereupon they receiued this darke aunswere that the Emperoures Maiestie woulde punishe certayne rebelles of the Empire After this darke aunswere when many thyngs were feared and the sayde warriours were in a redynes the conuocacion toke an ende and another was instituted and appointed against the next yere to begynne the fyrst day of February Forasmuche therfore as Duke Iohn Frederike Electour in Saxon and Lorde Phylyppe Landgraue of Hessen with the other Princes Lordes estates and townes of the confession and confederation of Ausburgh perceiued that the saide great preparacion of warres was enterprised and intended against no man but against them they prepared also an hoste of men for their necessary defence for the mayntenaunce and preseruacion of the pure and sincere doctrine of the Gospell for the defence also of their Landes dominions and subiectes and for the continuacion of the liberties and priuiledges of the Germaine nacion and went furth in the moneth of Iune ouerthrowen and destroyed Fyftely the Postmaysters house where themperour was wont to haue hys posthorses when he had nede of them wyth the stables and the horses in the same at that tyme was quyte stryken awaye by the thonder and burned vp Syxtely Saynt Barnardes place wherin the Abbot of S. Barnarde had hys lodgyng when he came to Meghlyne was vtterly destroyed by the thonder and the cloyster of the Augustyne freers was a great parte ouerthrowen and destroyed Seuently The Voogstrete which was a fayre large strete was also in lyke maner ouerthrowen that there remayned neuer a house standyng nor yet as they sayd block nor stone Eightely The Palace of Hyghstrete whyche was an excedyng fayre and strong buyldynge belongyng to a certayn great lorde was quyte and clene ouerthrowen and destroyed And as the inhabitauntes of the sayd towne of Meghlyne do affyrme yf the sayd Palayce of Hyghstrete wyth other places and greate buyldynges had not bene there standynd The hole towne of Meghlyn must nedes haue ben vtterly ouerthrowen and destroyed so that nether house stycke nor stone shuld haue remayned in the same For the sayd hygh and strong buyldynges were a greate defence to the towne Besydes thys there were also other places and great buyldinges whose names to auoyd prolyxite are not here rehearsed whych were in lyke maner ouerthrowen destroyed of the thonder as the other together with seuen hundred houses Insumme almoost all the houses of the towne were endamaged fewe or none excepte that hadde not some hurte done by the thonder Nyntly the nexte daye after when the sayde piteous calamite was done whiche was the. 8. day of August when they beganne to make rowme there were founde about thre hundred persons men women and children which were slaine by the meanes of the thondre whome they loded in wagens cartes and buryed them in great holes that were digged for the same purpose There were also founde aboue 150. persons sore wounded and harmed And there happened one thing in the sayd toune specyally to be meruayled at which is that certayn gestes sate in theyr hostes hous drynkynge to gether and plaieng at the cardes and while they called for drynke and theyr hostesse went doune into the seller to drawe them a pot of byre in the meane season was the house stryken awaye by the thonder and the players found dead wyth the cardes in theyr handes as though they had ben styll playeng but the hostesse saued her lyfe by the meanes y ◠she was in the seller whan the sayd hurt was done Tenthly There was also a man founde in a corner the thyrd daye after that the sayde hurte was done hauyng no harme whych asked whether the world were yet standyng or not There was also a woman founde dead beynge great wyth chylde whych was afterwarde cut opē and the chylde taken out of her belly was baptised Muche harme was there done besydes not onely within the towne of Meghline but also without the towne as in the townes villages castels and boroughes lyeng there about where thesaide wether hath done much harme and there were many innumerable fearfull and wonderful sygnes and to kens sene so that bothe the Emperoure and the lady Mary had nede to remembre them selues for it is to be feared that God will beginne to reuenge the innocent bloude whiche is very piteously shed in the lower partes of Duchelande for the Gospels sake for it crieth into heauen and so fylleth the boso me of Gods high matestie that he can suffre it no lōger yea he wyll laye on yet greater loades oneles they repente and amende in tyme for he hath suffered them long ynough When this warre betwene themperour the electour of Saxon the Landgraue of Hessen had continued into the first moneth themperour had declared hymself an open enemy both to the forsaid princes onely of his owne mynde without either right reason or warnyng and without the knowledge consent of the estates membres of thempire In the meane seasō did Maurice duke of Sax on with great feruentnes prepare a great nōbre of horsemen pietons wherefore al men stode in great feare not knowing against whom he made the same preparation And forasmuche as the electour of Saxon was out of his lande duke Maurice was next of hys bloude and his nere kisman bothe on the fathers the mothers syde was also by bym brought vp had receiued many benefites at his hand many were of this hope iudgemēt that thesaid preparatiō was made for the defence succour of the landes subiectes of the electour so that fewe or none suspected any gyle in duke Maurice In the meane season did kyng Ferdinando also endenour hymselfe to stirre vp the Lusenitianes Bohemianes against the lande of the Electour of Saxon but with honest vertuous men coulde he litle preuayle notwithstāding by the meanes of his importunate labour and instaunt intreataūce he assembled a sorte of Pietons in Boheme being in nōbre about eyght thousand men in Hungary aboue a thousand husbandmen a wicked rauenish generation to destory waste the landes
dominiōs of thesaid Electour which mē did first inuade Voyt land there toke the townes vilages and liberties pertaining tothe Electour piteously spoyling roauingburning destroieng many men young olde And specially therwas an execrable madnes murther cōmitted vpō an honest Curate minister that feared God at Newechurche whom when thesaid husbād mē had mostcruelly martyred murthered and sawe that he was fatte they cut him in peces after the maner of a fatte Swyne casting the peces from one to another and sayeng Lo brother there hast thou a good roastyng pece of an hogge Of whiche innocent bloud are gilty all they that do helpe or consent to the sayde murtheryshe and intestine warres whereof doutles God wyll take vengeaunce in tyme conuenient Nowe when the matter as it was fyrst begonne and purposed against the Electour his dominiōs for Duke Maurice had bene first with the kynge in Bohemy toke effect and apeared euidently as though the kyng woulde ouercome and take in all the Landes and dominions of the Electour Duke Maurice exalted hymselfe with his army and first toke the townes lyeng to warde the mountaynes and then he went with thesayde Bohemians and husband men to besege the towne of Zwickowe But least I be demed to stande to muche in myne owne conceite and to take vpon me to Iudge other wise than it becometh me in this matter I will set hereafter the true Copye of his lettres whereby he required and admonyshed the towne of the Electour to yelde them selues vnto hym by the cōsentes whereof men of honestie and vnderstanding may easely perceyue what good grounde and sure foundacion he pretended in these affaires By the grace of God we Maurice duke of Saxō Land graue of During and Marquis of Myssene aduertyse you our welbeloued and trusty counsayl and commons of Saron c. That forasmuche as the myghty Prince our Cosyn Duke Iohn Frederike the Elder hath ben founde negligent in doing of hys dutie and it is manifest that men are about to bryng you from the house of Saxon into the power of straungers and we beyng a borne prince of Saxon hauing also parte in the lande wyth our for sayd Cosyn and be charged by earnest commaundement of the Emperoures Maiestie our moste gracious lorde for the auoydyng of greuous penalties and corrections and also by the losse of our Regaltie and preeminēce our seiues to take the same land in possession or elles to permitte and suffre other to do the same whereby oure owne Landes and dominions must nedes come in daunger and destruction Wherfore we require you to sutmitte your selues vnto vs as Prince of Saxon and to receyue vs accordingly with due solempuisation And we are prone graciously inclined to desen de you in the Christen religion wherein ye bee and lyke mayer your bodyes goodes and possessions and to leaue you by youre olde liberties and priuiledges And when the matter or controuersy betwene the Emperoures Maiestie the Romyshe kynges Maiestie and our forsayde Cosyn shall come to an agreement we shalbe ready as touchynge the landes whiche we shall haue taken in possession of hys by the knowledge and wyll of their Maiesties and as muche as maye be done without their preiudice thorough our owne dominions to be intreated ordered accordyng to ryght and reason But yf ye should refuse so to do it should apeare vnto vs as though ye would wylfully be put from the house of Saxon whiche may not be suffered of vs. Wherefore we require herein your directe aunswere by the bearer of the letter in hast whyle oure enemy is at hande that we may auoyde the daunger Geuen in our Towne of zwickowe the syxt daye of Nouēber Anno a thousand fyue hundreth fourty and syxe Duke Maurice of Saxon. Manu propria When zwickowe had yelded vnto him the syxt day of Nouember he toke also the townes lyeng there about and consequētly Aldenbourgh Ilenbourgh Grymme Torgawe c. the .xvi. day of Nouember duke Maurice sent a Trompetter with two lettres the one to the Deputie and the other to the Communaltie of Witten bourgh directed betwene thre foure of the clocke at after none before the Elue gate but before the lettres were receyued the suburbes were set on fyre whereby was sygnifyed that they intended to stande to their defence The same daye dyd he also aduertise thinhabitauntes of Torgawe whiche lay in gareson for the defence of Wittenburgh that oneles they woulde come home by the next daye before Sunne set he would sende their wyues and chyldren after them and besydes that depriue them of all their goodes The ende of the Appendix or addition compyled by Maister Iohn Funke Brefe Annotations added vnto the premisses gathered out of dyuers historiographers IN the sayd yere of our lorde MD. xlvi apeace was concluded betwene Englād and Fraunce whiche on Whitsondaye was proclaimed For conclusion whereof the Viscount Lisse high Admiral of England with the Byshop of Duresine and a goodly company of Gentylmen went out of Englande into Fraunce after whose retourne Monsure Denball high Admirall of Fraunce the Byshop of Eureux and two Erles came into Englande with the Sacre of Depe and .xij. galleyes and were honorably receiued The saide yere also in lent before was the Stewes at London put downe and abolysshed by the kynges commaundement the .ix. daye of Iuly was burned at London in smithfielde Anne Askew a gentill woman Iohn lassels of the kynges preuy chambre Iohn Adlam tayler of Suffolke and Nicolas Belenyam priest for opinions consonaunt to the trueth and contrary to the acte of the syx Articles At whiche tyme al so Doctour Nicolas Schaxton somtime Byshop of Salisbury recanted and denied the trueth whiche before he had professed Whiche thing also one Doctour Crome whiche had bene a great and famous preacher had done at Paules Crosse the xxvij daye of Iune before affirming openly that he had bene seduced by noughty bookes c. In England also in Nouember was the duke of Northfolke and his sonne the Erle of Surrey attaincted of treason for the which his sonne was put to execution in Ianuary after and hym selfe cōmitted to the Towre where he doeth yet remayne IN the yere of our lord God MD. xlvij there were in Germany dyuers and wonderfull innouacions of thinges chaūces of warres chaūges of fortune yeldynges of Princes ouerthrowinges and subuersions of townes and castelles fallinges of great men conuocatiōs of Synodes and counsayles which I do here omitte partely to auoyde prolixite and partely for that the certaintie of suche thinges taken by heare say onely is oftentimes deceiuable Trusting to haue occcasion and oportunitie hereafter to declare and set furth the same matter at large The inhabitauntes of the countie of Tiroll and Isebredge were this yere sore plaghed with wonderfull locustes and grashoppers both creping and flyeng whiche were there in suche aboundaunce that the creping sorte couered all
An example of great presumption 〈…〉 e. Posthumus The Frankes settinge themselues against the Romanes Flauius Claudius Constantinus y â— great â—â—â—â—lianus â–ª â—â—e 〈…〉 â—â— bâ—â—â—ayll Au 〈…〉 â—â—â—â—deâ—oâ—â—â—â— oâ— the di 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 e â–ª Heretykes are bâ—gynâ—ers of vproure â–ª Manichei the heretikes Manes born in Persia The doctrine of the Manicheis â–ª Thomas Monetarius Tacitus â—â—â—bus â–ª ☞ Larus Diocletianus Maximianus Maxentius Constantius 〈…〉 The 〈…〉 n of Germany CoÌ„stantinus Maxentius drowned in the Tybur The cause of disagrement betwen Constantinus Licinius The eâ—deâ—our of Constantinus to kepe the Gospell â–ª The duety of a Christen prince The councel of Nicea called 〈…〉 i 〈…〉 Nice 〈…〉 â–ª Constanti 〈…〉 〈◊〉 The aunceters of Constantinus Arrius an open reader in the scole of Alexandria The doctrine of Arrius Alexander byshop Constancius 〈…〉 â—â— Arrius The death of Arrius iâ— an â—â—ample of 〈…〉 Athanasius beynge bannished flyeth to Triere out of Egypt Arrius was y c forerunner of Mahomet â— comete was â—â—ue Constantinus Thre bretherÌ„ raigned together An example of vengeaunce MagneÌ„tius an example of an vnkind vnfaithfull and disloyal man Magnentius slayeth himselfe Liberius byshop of Rome Felix bishop of Rome a dislembler Iulianus apostata Iulianus â—◠〈◊〉 Empe 〈…〉 at Sâ—ras 〈…〉 Iulianus fo 〈…〉 badde Christen men the authoritie of warrfare Cyrillus Nazanzenuâ— haue answered Iulianus How vengeaunce is forbodden The death of Iulianus is an exampl 〈…〉 oâ— vengeâ—â—nce Io 〈…〉 nus a godly Emperoure Valentinianus â—â—â—eth a â—â—â—then prest a blow Burgunnions be Sâ—xoâ—s Valens â—â— Arriaâ—â— An example of vengeaunce S. Ierome was notarye to Damasus Gratianus Theodosius 〈…〉 ercoÌ„ 〈…〉 th 〈…〉 thâ—es 〈◊〉 〈…〉 tes 〈…〉 es of 〈…〉 y Theodosius Stillico The godlynesse of Theodosius towarde the churche ☜ Pelagius an heretyke in Britanne S. Augustin hath written against Pelagius â–ª Arcadius Honorius The Gotthies â–ª came fyrst into Italy Gotthies in the halfe Ile Taurica Theodosius Stillico Radagasus Alaricus Alaricus wynneth Rome the .xij. rauens or rauenous beastes whiche Romulus sawe Totilas Ataulphus The kynges of Spayne are sprong of y â— Gotthies Genserichus Some call him Theodericus some Titricus of â—erona Othacarus Dietrichus of Berna The Gotthies were Arrians Attila The Weste Gotthies The East Gotth 〈…〉 Himelsuita Adelrichus An example of distoyalty Theodatus An example of vengeauÌ„ce Witichus Totilas was 〈…〉 hâ— of S. 〈…〉 eâ— Narses Teia Lombardy WheÌ„ Spain and parte of FrauÌ„ce was traÌ„slated froÌ„ the empyre Theodosius the younger Whan the Vandali caâ—â— into Aphrica â— Augustin Hippo. A VandaliaÌ„ faythfulnesse An example of dystopaâ—te Whan y â— VaÌ„dali came first into Germany The Boemes are Germanes Germany is 〈…〉 froÌ„ 〈…〉 〈…〉 The callyng of Hungary â— in dedes of Attila Aetius The battaill with Attila by Tolouse 〈…〉 ath o◠〈…〉 The 〈…〉 of Au 〈…〉 The â—â—â—urge of God â—h◠〈…〉 Augustulus Leo. â—enâ— â–ª Anastasius Iustinus 〈…〉 〈…〉 arius 〈…〉 râ—es The ciuill lawe is rest ored by iustinianus The digestes ☜ Bellisarius was very The ende 〈…〉 f the 〈◊〉 〈…〉 per 〈…〉 〈…〉 of y ◠〈…〉 of R 〈…〉 Wonders sene in Italy before Mahomet Iustinus â—â— Tiberius â—â— Mahomet 〈…〉 〈…〉 phet 〈◊〉 â–ª 〈…〉 roÌ„ of Maho 〈…〉 by 〈…〉 〈…〉 The fourme of Mahomets religioÌ„ Mahomet subdueth fyrst Arabia Sultan or Souldan The place in Daniel of Mahoâ—et 〈◊〉 â—â—ngâ—â—â—â— of â—he 〈◊〉 〈…〉 The powâ—â— of the Saracens The Turkes were Tartares Othomannus y â— Turkâ— Whan the Turkes began to haue dominion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈…〉 〈◊〉 ◠〈◊〉 What â—â—me S. Gallus preached in hygh Germany Constantinus the sonâ—â— of Heraclius Heracâ—eona◠〈◊〉 example of vengeaâ—â—ce Constans Constantinus Pogonatus Iustinianus Leontius Tiberius Apsimarus Psal xi Beda in Englande Philippus Bardesanes Anastasius was thrust into a monastery Theodosius Leo y â— thyrde surnamed Iconomachus 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 was 〈…〉 Copronymus Leo y â— fourth Constantinus Leo the 〈…〉 hs sonn Irene Pipinus What tyme S. Bonifacius preached in Germany 〈…〉 e for thâ— eleccion of the bishop of Rome Carolus magnus The begynnyng of the translatyng the empyre to the Germanes By whom Germany was vexed wyth warres sence the tyme of Augustus The ofspringe of y â— Frankes The dedes of the Frankes and by what occasion they deâ—â—iuered froÌ„ the empyre Francia or Fraunce â—â— part of Gallia By what orcasion the Almanes decyuered from the emppre Germani is deuided in Almanes and â— Frankes The elders of 〈…〉 y â— greate were Grand maysters 〈…〉 â—t Palatine 〈…〉 â—ha◠〈…〉 he greate Piping king of Germany and FrauÌ„ce Charles is borne in Ingelheim The dedes of Charles the greate Desiderius kyng of the Lombardes Charles optayueth Lombardy The modesâ—â—â— oâ— Charâ—â— Tassilo duke of Baierland was ouercome of Charâ—â—â— Charles was made Empeperoure of the West The Hungarians are assaulted with warre by Charles the greate Traâ—sâ—luania or Septâ— castra called Seuenburg Bohemy was ouercome w t Lecho theyr kynge Whâ—rfore monarches 〈…〉 of God â—â—â— ded 〈…〉 Charles the greate was learned in Greke Latin â—he 〈…〉 by 〈…〉 â–ª 〈…〉 â—he 〈…〉 â–ª 〈…〉 Lewis the geÌ„tle is taken of hys sonne Sâ—phanus was confirmed of Lewis The brethren of Lotharius were thâ—e â—â— wis Germanicus Charlâ—â— the balde The dukes of the Frankes 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 â–ª 〈…〉 〈…〉 Swynes mouth was y â— first that chauÌ„ged his name Castel Angel IohaÌ„nes viâ—â— byshop of Rome a woman Lewis the. â—â— is buried at Milane The disloyalte of the byshop of Ro. in transferryng the empyre to Frenchemen Charles the balde The French 〈…〉 nings The death of Charles the balde Charles the grosse The NormaÌ„des fell into Fraunce Arnolphus Emperoure The NormaÌ„des are ouercome An example of moste notable cruelnesse of a Rompsh byshop Sergius vnlearned and a tyraunt The tyranny of y â— byshops of Rome Lewis the. iij The Hungarians wayâ—t Germany â—â—â—ly Berengarius prince of Foroiulium Conrade the fyrste â–ª Otho duke of Saxony Berengarius Henry the Fouler The occasioÌ„ of the warre betwene the Frankes Saxons The empyre is translated to the SaxoÌ„s 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 The kyngdome of germany neuer wanted vproures The reasonyng of Henry the Emperour wyth Arnold duke of Bayerland The vision of S. Vdalrâ—â—ke The dâ—â—es 〈…〉 by Henry the fyrste Otho the fyrst The vpronres raysed against Otho Eberardus the Palatine Giselbert prince of Lotharing or Loraine â–ª Henry brother to Otho Herman prince of Schwaben â–ª Lonradus duke of the Frankes An example of â—eage 〈…〉 also on greate 〈…〉 The seconde vpâ—ouce was wyth hys brother The thyrde 〈…〉 was by his owne 〈…〉 Salfelde â— deadly place for counsels Regenspurg The Hungarians are vanquished ◠〈…〉 An example that 〈…〉 God 〈…〉 The aunswer of Otho to the Frencheâ—â—s threaten â—yâ—ges Strawe hattes Hugo prince of Fraunce Lewis is restored agayn to the realme of Fraunce Berengarius peldeth hymselfe to Otho BereÌ„garius wyth hys sonne are â—aâ—â—â— for their disloyaltye Otho y â— first made the 〈◊〉 othe