shall thereby be kept inviolable And by these presents we doe promise and doe freely consent and grant with and upon mature deliberation that in case the neede and necessity of the Kingdome shall so require whether it be by reason of the enmity that we are already fallen into or in respect of some new enemies which haply may make opposition and enmity against our most gracious young Queene and the State of this Kingdome in one manner or other then we with life and goods are ready and willing to maintaine our right and liberties and to stand with all our might and ability in opposition against all such as shall dare to confront and withstand our proceedings 7th Article 7. Seventhly We know well enough that no Kingdome can possibly subsist without means neither can any Warre be rightly managed without great charges And therefore we have likewise thought fit and good that the Lille and Quarne Toll or Custome shall be continued for the good and profit of the Kingdome according to the order and manner as the same is now raised and received As also that the Messengerships granted the last yeere shall for this time goe forward and take place Moreover if so be that the Warre in Germany should yet longer continue or if it should happen that our Kingdome and Countrey should fasten upon some other warre and trouble We doe likewise promise and oblige our selves That when thereupon we shall be required by the Peeres States and Lords of the Realme Wee will with all our meanes power and abilities stand and fight for our Religion Queene Kingdomes and liberties Whensoever necessity shall thereunto invite us For we have ever hitherto esteemed the welfarre of our Kingdome and State to be our chiefest happinesse and therefore haue couragiously adventured both our goods and lives upon it To this wee oblige our selves by these Presents That We in all these particulars above written are resolved and have unanimously generally and particularly in our owne and in the behalfe of our brethren present and absent as well unborne as borne freely and willingly consented agreed approoved and concluded and therein sufficiently accorded and doe promise as faithfull religious and true sincere meaning Subiects to performe the same Wee the Councell State c. of Sweden have Vnderwritten and Sealed Actum At Stockholm the 14. of March 1633. The Diet of Heilbrun ANd that the Reader for a Farewell may perceiue the present constitution of the affaires in the Empire and in what good correspondency the Protestant Princes are at this present one with another and how well disposed to the continuance of the warres for so good a Cause I will conclude my Booke with that new League of these 4. Principall Circles of the Empire that is to say The Franconian Suevian the Vpper and Lower Circles of the Rhine made in the Diet of Heilbrun in the Dukedome of Wirtemberg 18. English miles from Heidleberg in the moneths of March and April last past that so my Story may end as it begun with a Diet. What Princes were present There were personally present at this meeting the Duke of Wirtemberg and the Administrator the Marquesse of Baden the Count of Hanaw with the most of the 17. Earles of Wetteraw For the Prince Elector Palatine and the Administrator Lodowicke Broâ—her to the King of Bohemia were there 4. Commissioners whereof Colonell Peblitz being the chiefe he sate above all the Princes at the upper end of the Table all the Propositions were directed towards him and he had the opening of all letters in place of the Elector Palatine There were present besides the Ambassadors of other Princes and the Deputies of the Imp. Cities in these 4. Circles The Lord Chancellor Oxenstiern by whose procurement this Diet had beene convoked had his lodging in the towne and came not at all into the State-house among the Princes but sent them in this discourse and these Propositions following which were the grounds and materialls for the Diet to worke upon His stile in the present Diet was Councellor Chancellor and Extraordinary Ambassador for the most Illustrious and High-borne the Hereditary Heyer and Princesse of the Crowne of Sweden And with this Declaration he began his Propositions Illustrious and Right Honourable Princes and States Evangeliacall here assembled I will not too much trespasse upon your patience Oxenstierns Propositions with an over tedious recitall of the Causes upon which the High and mighty Prince of ever-glorious memory Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden c. was enforced to take Armes and openly to make opposition against the Roman Emperour Ferdinand the Second of that name and his confederates the Catholike Leaguers more and more at that time every day prevailing in their oppressions of the Evangeliacall Electors Princes and States and of their Honours priviledges and immunities all the Romane Empire over yea and most iniuriously beginning to encroach upon the next neighbour Princes and their Provinces forasmuch as these things be notorious unto the world and that the Iustice of the Kings Armes be by no man doubted of And yet some briefe recapitulation doe I thinke convenient to make of them Most apparent it is that his said sacred Maiesty now at rest in the Lord was without any formall denuntiation of warre infested by the Emperor His Ambassadors comming with the offer and meanes of a peaceable compounding of depending Controversies most disgracefull entreated yea and contrary to all lawes of nations and civility not without scornefull affronts offered turned home againe and the whole Treaty by that vsage abruptly broken off with him That his subiects of Sweden even contrary to long usage amity and Covenants heretofore in generall contracted with the Romane Empire and in particular with certaine neighbour Princes and Free-States have beene disturbed in their Commerces Embargo's laid upon their Ships and fetters upon their saylers That the Catholike Leaguers likewise notwithstanding that among other Electors of the Empire they had beene requested that they would be pleased to forbeare the making themselues parties in these differences but rather to seeke how to find redresse for them and notwithstanding that at the request of the French King confederated with his sacred Maiesty there had beene Neutrality granted unto the said Leaguers if so be they thought good to accept of it yet did they not onely refuse that Neutrality but entred also into a stricter confederation of warres against his said Maiesty and conioyning their forces under their Generall Tilly with those of his Imperiall Maiesty they forbare not to doe their uttermost against the said King whom out of pure necessity they by this meanes enforced in hostile manner to oppose himselfe against all of them And notwithstanding that these and the like motives which for brevities sake be here omitted doe sufficiently iustifie his said Maiesties Armes-taking being he was enforced to them yet this is the thing above all the rest to be considered the devises namely
of Bamberg who being by the Boores discovered unto Walenstein caused him to countermand his owne order and to have his Ordnance from thence-forth to march with the grosse of his Army Where the breadth of the way would suffer him there he advanced in Battaglia the Dragooners with their Muskets Shovels and Mattocks with which they still ride were euer sent before to make good the Passes and the Crabats being his nimblest Horse were still left behind to bring up the Reere of the Army And in the souldierly warinesse of this equipage he marches unto Forcheim for in the neerenesse of an active enemy it much concerned him to bee thus wary The Army being come to Forcheim was there in a friends Countrey and in good Quarter and there I finde Walenstein to have stayed about ten dayes or a Fortnight Here had hee notice first given him of the King of Swedens going with halfe his Army towards Bavaria and of Duke Bernards staying with the other halfe about the Main-streame According to this intelligence he now disposes of his Forces The Duke of Bavaria being most startled at it desires to take leave of the Generalissimo with his part of the Army requesting that Altringer with his Regiment and Coloredoes might goe along with him for the direction of the Militia The Duke of Fridland grants it and himselfe waiting as he call'd it upon the Duke of Bavaria as farre as Bamberg Bavaria parts with Walenstein to goe homewards after a few dayes he takes leave of him with much seeming courtesie and solemnitie Courtiers enough they were both of them and both of them though high-spirited Princes yet so artfully commanding of their owne carriages that though each of then were conscious how much cause they had given one another to dissemble yet with studied words and faces did they full masterly controll all that stomacke and disrespect by which they had thorowly heretofore enchafed one another The Duke of Fridland seemed to have forgotten that ever Bavaria had procured him to be cashiered from his Generallship in the Diete of Ratisbone and Bavaria gave the Generalissimo never a note in the Margent how often since this Leaguer he had beene faine to waite to get to speake with him They are fellowes in Armes from hence forward they protested to serve one another in all good offices and to second one another upon all occasions One thing was noted betweene them in this vieing of Complements That Walenstein was not so supple and active in his cringes as old Bavaria But this what ever his great Spirit meant by it he excused by his Gowte and other his unweildynesses Leaving therefore Bavaria to his march homewards we will wholly apply our selues to our Title which is Walensteins Proceedings Early September 24. went the two Dukes with the greatest part of their Army and 48. Peeces from Forcheim towards Bamberg which is 16. miles to the North of Forcheim where the Mayne drinkes up the Rednitz September 27. He is still in and about Bamberg and those Quarters so that his lingring thereabouts gave a shrewd suspition of a meaning he might have to the Imperiall City of Schweinfurt Walenstein suspected to have a mind at Schweinfurt which is seated upon the Northerne banke of the Maine some 25. English miles to the West of Bamberg Of this Schweinfurt was the Swedish Colonell Carl-Hart Governour who sending to Claus Hastfer Governour of Konigshoven 24. English miles to the North and towards Duringen did from him about the 24. of September receive some forces for a strengthning Much about the same time had Colonell Dubadell who still hath the command of a Regiment of Dragooners also marcht in thither with 13. of his Companies Duke Bernard likewise upon Duke Bernards making that way being by the King entrusted with this Schweinfurt did presently upon this advance thitherward All this appearance of resistance caused the Imperiall Generalissimo t is beleeved to alter his determination for Schweinfurt and now wholly to convert his Armes alters his resolution against the Princes and Countries of the 2. Electorate Families of Saxony and Brandenburg Of this latter Family was the neighbour Marquesse of Bayreit vnckle to young Onspach whose Countrey for distinction from his Nephewes is called the Vpper Marquisate This Prince is also Marquesse of Culmbach and both these townes with their Iurisdictions Walenstein now purposes to have about with From about Bamberg therefore in the end of the moneth sends he some forces unto Bayreit falling upon the Marquisates of Bayreit 43. English miles Eastward The towne they tooke without much opposition the Burgers for their peaces sake consenting to giue him 10000. dollars downe upon the naile and hostages for as many more Kreutzetz a pretty towne of the Marquesses some 6. English miles to the South of Bayreit for what offence I reade not is given for pillage unto the souldiers who have leave given them to make up what pay the Generalissimo was behind hand with them upon an enemies Countrey Thence goes the Army towards Culmbach towne and Culmbach the ordinarie residence of the Marquesse 12. English miles to the North-West neere which the 2. originall streames of the river Mayne the Red and the White doe in one bed make an alliance betwixt their Issues This towne being farre stronger then Bayreit had put it selfe into a Posture of resistance When as September 21. it had by Walensteins letters beene summoned in the Emperors name to be yeelded to him In this if they obeyed not he threatned fire and sword to kill and burne all Being put from Culmbach The City suspecting his friendship to be as pernicious to them as his enmity sends him the deniall Hereupon his men now breaking into the country to the full performe as much as their Generalissimo had threatned They sometimes also are bold to come neere the towne and to giue it summons but these being answered by the Cannon they finding themselues likely to get nothing here but leaden and iron dollars hote sent them out of the mint content themselues to have burnt the Mills about the towne and to have plundered the villages and then to draw off their Army And now have at the House of Saxony whose lands lye all the way from hence to the very Elb. From Culmbach therefore goe they unto Coburg 22. English miles to the North-West of Culmbach and so farre due North of Bamberg The towne and faire Castle here belongeth unto the Duke of Saxon-Coburg unckle unto the Dukes of Saxon-Weymar and that was one of Walensteins quarrels to it A second was for that the Duke of Saxon-Coburg with the Marquesse of Culmbach had the 7. of May before conioyned their forces with the Swedish Colonell Claus Hastfer to make an Aenslaught upon the towne of Cronach belonging unto the Bishop of Bamberg This enterprise though through the cowardise of the Boores employed upon it it had miscarried yet had it given a iust occasion
of his whole Army and that by turning backe and passing over the river Sala Walenstein opens a gap for the King to have marchâ— away he might easily succour the Castle of Hall he resolved upon another purpose Sending Colonell Contreras to take up Altemburg his Excellency himselfe was resolued with the rest of his Army to have gone Northward and lodge at Mersburg By this disposing of himselfe should he at Mersburg be neere to backe Pappenheim and by sending the other Colonels to Luca and Altemburg should there have beene a space left in the middle for the King to have marcht away even from Naumburg unto Dresden By this cautelous forecast might his Excellency have after followed the King with his mayne strength and either utterly have overthrowne him or at least cut off his passage and have shut him and all his forces utterly out of the Empire But the Kings conveniences were measured by other designes farre different from our suppositions Fâ—r He having understood of the sending away of Pappenheim and the other 2. Regiments resolued presently to come and set upon us Insomuch that the Count Ridolfo Coloredo being marched with the Crabats towards Weissenfels to fetch off a Captaine who was left in the Castle with 100. souldiers he found the King * This was the 5th of Novemb. with his Army already advanced farre upon his march in sight of the City towards Lutzen Yet Coloredo came so fit and in so good a time that he had leasure enough notwithstanding the King had alreadie sent some Muskettiers But the King comes upon him to take in the Castle to bring off the men with him This having performed Coloredo still valiantly skirmishing with his few Foote and Crabats made his retreate unto Ripach in sight of the Kings Army At this very time had his Excellency thorow the reiterated messages of Coloredo given the Alarme unto his Army by the accustomed signe of shooting off 3. peeces of Ordnance notwithstanding all which it was even now night ere the Regiments could have recovered to their place of Rendezvous about Lutzen The King by this time was comne from Ripach and had taken up his lodging about a league from thence Walenstein puts his men into array and sends backe for Pappenheim But Colonel Holck for all the darkenesse of the night went about to put his forces into battaglia and indeavoured by perpetuall skowtes to discover the proceedings of the enemy Neither wanted his Excellency any diligence to dispatch messengers to the Count of Pappenheim giving him notice of the Kings resolution and a command therewithall to returne backe with all his forces and to advance in the meane time his Cavallery and Dragooners with all speede possible This message overtooke him iust at that instant when he had entred Hall and had clapt a Petard to the Castle gate in which there was a Swedish Commander with a garrison of 200. souldiers And thus farre are the very words of my Spanish Relation wherein though the defeate given by the King the night before the Battell be united yet certainely there be many other particulars on the Imperiall side which but from one of their owne we could not have comne at And so farre in my Readers names I thanke my Spanish Relater whom I have done no wrong unto in Translating And now have we brought Walenstein to the stake for the morrow morning begins the Battell This I adde that Gallas though he were sent for yet could he not come time enough to the encounter What may seeme defective here of Walensteins Proceedings iust before the Battell shall be supplyed by and by in the description of the Battell The famous Battell of Lutzen fought the sixt of November 1632. Old Style Wherein you have the manner of the King of Swedens death WITH The overthrow and flight of the Imperiall Army and their Generalissimo the Lord ALBERT Walenstein Duke of Fridland c. HOw we have heretofore waited upon that incomparable Prince the King of Sweden from Erfurt unto Naumburg you may remember to have read pag 73. of this Booke In which 3. daies march of his there was no such thing as the defeate of the Count of Merode with 2. Regiments which the confident * Pag. 823. The true name of Merode I am told to be Werningeroda of a towne by Halberstat which he is Earle of Le Soldat Suedois avoucheth Nor was Merode at all in the Battell whom he maketh to be slaine there The onely suspition of any opposition to be made by an enemy in all this march was a newes brought his Majestie by the Boores of some 22. Cornets of Crabats under the command of Isolani and his Lieftenant-Colonel Vorgage commonly to the Germans knowne by the name of Vorgast who had beene seene a day or two before about the countrey But these Crabats were onely heard of not encountred with Pappenheim was also marcht thorow without ever so much as offring to take in Erfurt much lesse of fetching any composition or contribution of 2000. dollars as the same Soldat Suedois also affirmeth pag 812. Duke William Weymar was in the towne with 3000. men voyced to be 5000 with Pappenheims small Armie of 5000. Foote and 2500. Horse was much to weake to have meddled withall though by the counsell he gave to Walenstein it appeareth how good a mind he had towards it The King as we told you being arrived at Naumburg upon Thursday November the first old Stile which is not Saint Martins day as the former Pag 824. Saint Martins day is November 11th Old Stile in all Martyrologies and Romane Kalenders French Author mistaketh tooke order to have his Army lodged in the field towne and Suburbs even as we before told you The same day the King went out upon a Partee for discovering of the enemie After him that afternoone went these 3. Gentlemen of our Nation Three English Gentlemen taken prisoners by the Crabats Lieftenant-Colonel Francis Terret Sergeant-Major Iohn Pawlet and Captaine Edward Fielding These 3. going alone by themselues to a forsaken village where there were 2. waies thorow it the King having gone the left hand way and they now taking the right fell into an ambush of the Crabats the first and the last named of these three were taken prisoners by 2. Rit-masters of the Crabats one of them named Potnick a Greeke Captaine This adventure would I not overpasse for that these two Gentlemen being carried prisoners into the Imperiall Leaguer kept under a guard in the Reere of the Armie all the day of the great Battell and after hal'd unto Prague among the fleeing Imperialists have had the meanes to enforme me of what otherwise I could not have comne by And thus much they having with much courtesie affoorded me I could not but quote them for my better authority They were that night carried unto Weissenfels where Walenstein then lay in the Castle of it He sent the Count of Pappenheim
be every where blockt up by his horse quarters he by mid June drawes all the forces out of Spiers and Germersheim and retires home-wards to the defence of Alsatia and that which he calls his owne Marquisate of Baden And into these parts Gustavus Horn presently sent the wars after him The Rhinegrave after the departure of the Spanish for want of other employment made a designe for the recovery of Kirchberg wherein they had left a garrison The Rhinegrave had advanced the service even to the making of a saultable breach in the wall The Rhinegrave besieging Kirchberg and the mounting of his scaling ladders His men having order now to storme so soone as they perceived the resolutenesse of the defendants and that a Leiftenant who had the point and fell first on upon the Breach was with 50 of his followers shot dead upon the place they could by no meanes bee perswaded to give on after them but cowardly enough came running off againe faster then ever they went forward And thus was the Rhinegrave faine to sound the retreate and for that time is beaten off againe to levie his owne siege of Kirchberg Shortly after this when namely the French Armies were comne a little neerer to these quarters and Gustavus Horne upon his march thitherward to the sieges of Coblentz and of Grafenberg the Spanish in this towne Simmern and other places yeelded upon the first summons and went off with soldierly Conditions This siege was in the end of May and the beginning of our June by which time was Gustavus Horn comne downe out of Bavaria from the King of Sweden with commission to command the Armie in the parts about the Rhine and Mosel GUSTAVUS HORNS PROCEEDINGS From the time of his being sent downe out of Bavaria by the King untill the time of his going up againe thither with an Armie after the Kings Death HOw the gallant yong Cavalier Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar second brother unto Duke William had at the Kings marching up into Bavaria beene left behinde with the Armie about the Palatinate you may collect by what hath beene before written The reason forwhich his leaving there is no secret in those parts His birth which is of an Electorall familie his hopes sure if he lives to be heire to his Unckle the Duke of * This old Duke being since dead there is another heirelesse Prince in the possession after whom the Honor is entaild upon Duke Bernard Saxon-Coburg with his personall valour and abilities had allured the King of Sweden to settle some desires upon him Seldome hath there beene any great act of warre but that something of Love hath chanc'd in betweene as if to cheere and sweeten the sad Scene of it This observation would the Poets thus represent by still bringing in a Venus into Mars his storie The God of love is painted armed and Love though a comicall passion yet still beares it a Part either in the Plot or the Catastrophe of warres Tragedie All Stories would be full of these discourses had they the luck of it like that of the 12 Caesars to have a Suetonius as well as a Tacitus a chamber-Blab to tell tales of what was enacted in the withdrawing roome as well as what was executed in the Leaguer The King of Sweden plainely had made some private overtures unto Duke Bernard of a marriage betwixt him and a faire yong Swedish Ladie daughter to his owne Sister whom his Queene had brought with her into Germanie This Ladie being left with the Queen about Franckford Duke Bernard was left about Mentz also by which neerenes he had the better oportunity to make Court unto his Mistresse Where the fault was I know not Sure it is that in the Kings absence there had fallen out some discontent betwixt Duke Bernard and the Rex-Chancellor Oxenstiern The occasion was for that the Chancellor had given some command over the Armie The cause of Duke Bernards going up to the King which Duke Bernard had expected unto the Rhinegrave Not unto that Cavalier the Rhinegrave Otto Lodowick Leiftenāt of the horse but unto the Rhinegrave Otto unckle to this Gētleman who had heretofore been a suiter unto the King to bestow the towne and Jurisdiction of Bingen upon him which had beene part erewhiles of the Elector of Mentz his Bishopricke Duke Bernard hereupon going up to the King then at Munchen received some hopes of satisfaction and of being made Leiftenant Generall of the Foot unto his Majestie which hee withall expected should by sound of trumpet have beene proclaimed throughout the Armie But the King suspecting how ill Sir Iohn Banier whose place that is must needs take that gave not that content unto Duke Bernard in this particular A speech there sometimes likewise was in the Armie that Duke William Saxon-Weymar should have beene Generalissimo or Leiftenant Generall overall the Kings Armies and Commanders These misses caused some private discontent in Duke William and his brother Bernard which some suspect was never heartily taken off againe to the Kings dying day However the King to give Duke Bernard and his brother some content immediately sent away Gustavus Horn to command that Armie about the Rhine and Mosel which Duke Bernard came from that so there might be one lesse in the Armie betwixt the King and them and when at his comming out of Bavaria hee left Duke William with an Armie he had the Title of Leiftenant-Generall And this is some part of the secret and of Gustavus Horns comming downe to this Armie for Duke Bernards going up and Gustavus Horns so sudden comming downe towards the Palatinate Gustavus Horn comming Post out of Bavaria upon Munday being Barnabee the brights day June 11 arrived at Franckford whence the next day hee went to Mentz unto the Chancellor Here they 2 first overlooking and then new ordering the Armie drew it out into the field presently The Spaniards then in possession of most of the best townes in the Elector of Triers his countrie the Chapter and some of the people favouring them perceiving by this time that the Swedes were likely to come against them in favour of the French and that the French themselves under the marshall D'Estre D'Effiat now dead in 2 severall Bodies were comming neerer every day and neerer to them they finde meanes The Spaniards thrust a garrison into Coblents by the favour aforesaid to choppe a garrison all on the sudden into Coblentz The situation of this towne served their turne severall wayes 1. It commands the passage of the Rhine on the Western bancke whereof it is seated and there too * Of the meeting and confluence of these 2 rivers together is Coblentz in Latine called Confluentia where the river Mosel falls into it 2. It became as ill as a Blockhouse against the most strong Castle of Ehrenbreisten or Hermanstein which is the Bishops Palace upon the other banck of the Rhine into which he had lately admitted
and 220 of our Second Part. In what estate the countrie himselfe were now in t is best knowing out of his owne Letters written unto Iames Hannibal Count of Ems which were by the way intercepted MY LORD I Yesterday received a Letter from the Marquesse William of Baden and the sad newes in it Furstenbergs letter and complaint of the falling of the Marshall Horn with 10000 men into his Marquisate That also he had required 300000 Florens from him in present paiment and a place of Rendezvous for 4 fresh Regiments I am very sorrie to see him made a beggar as I my selfe am though otherwise there be no comparison betwixt us he having received at the Emperors hands so brave and good a countrey as is his Marquisate whilest I for mine owne part have neither master nor money Thus am not I able to help him nor he me nor you either of us I had before spent almost all I had in these warres and now am I utterly ruined of the residue And thus much could I not but give you part of that you might helpe to condole with us Your LO PS true friend and servant Eggon Count of Furstenburg Heyligenburg Septemb. 8. 1632. THis conquest was felt as farre as the Count of Hanaw-Lichtenbergs possessions all the Lords and Gentlemen on that side the Rhine being likewise made sensible of it The Kintzinger-dale was againe opened for the Strasburgers The advantage of these Conquests and the way quite cut off from the Imperialists that no succours could passe from Schwabland or Italie By this conquest was all cleere againe from Strasburg unto Kitzingen in Franconia to the North-Eastward to Rotweil upon the Neckar in Schwabland to the South-Eastward on the 3 side unto Vdenheim in the Palatinate and on the 4 side quite through the Hercinian forrest or the Swartz-walt into Bavaria All this was by these conquests put into the power of the King of Sweden Some say that the griefe of of this newes added some speeding malignity unto the Arch Duke Leopolds infirmities which Prince now lying for his pleasure at Swatz in Tirole The Archduke Leopold dyes was unexpectedly and after much hunting taken with a Catarrhe in his head which fell downe and put one of his eyes out which being followed with a fluxe and a continuall feaver in few dayes made an end of him He dyed September 13 at which time his Imperial Majesty likewise was most unprincely hādled by an unmannerly rebellious Quartan ague and the Emperor is sick of a Quartane The Archduke dyed in an ill time seeing at this instant his owne Estates laid open to the prey his familie all embroyled his Allyes much adoe to subsist his faire hopes blasted his great designes returned upon himselfe his enemies beginning apace to be many and his friends few his neighbours not much to be relyed on for that they beganne to recall the bad remembrances of ancient and forepassed jealousies and mis-intelligences In this ill time dyed the Archduke who had he lived but 2 moneths longer would well have cheered up himselfe with the death of the King of Sweden Presently after the death of this Leopold his Counsellors take care for the ensuring of the passages of his countrey of Tirole and confirme Marquesse William in his Generallship against Gustavus Horn helping to make him up an Armie of 4000 men with which hee kept himselfe about Ensisheim To returne to our Swedish Felt-Marshall The countrey on that side of the Rhine being thus ranged into order the selfesame Wednesday night that Ortenburg castle was taken upon did Gustavus Horn with certaine of his troopes Horn returnes to Strasburg both Horse and Foot passe Strasburg bridge againe himselfe lodging the same night within the citie His forces went to their old quarters againe beyond the river Ill whither a little after that the rest of his Armie followed The Wirtembergers returned into their owne Countrie first and so towards the Bodensee and that to divert the Imperialists from disturbing Horn at his siege of Benfelt as by and by wee shall tell you On Thursday September 6. did Count Henrie of Nassau Dillingberg come and joyne his Regiment unto the Swedish Armie Friday the 7 of September being the Anniversarie day of the famous victory of Leipsich was a day of devotion both in the Camp and Citie to the celebrating whereof the Lord-Marshall was himselfe gone into his leaguer There were Prayers added unto the Thanksgiving going thence to the siege of Benfelt for the prospering of the designe intended and that was the siege of Benfelt which by an Expresse the same evening his Excellencie certified the Strasburgers of and that he would the next morning put himselfe upon his march thitherward The place is in the lower Alsatia which there beginneth on the Westerne banck of the river Ill which having run 12 or 14 English miles further through Strasburg drops presently into the Rhine East of the towne which is but a very small one is the river The place of the towne is by a morasse the river there branching out into at least 20 small Ilets Before it is there a hillie and a woodie countrey The Citie of Strasburg had some pretences to it The towne described and it now was a troublesome neighbour unto it that holding for Prince Rodolfe William Bishop of Strasburg second sonne unto his Imperiall Majestie T is a royall fortification and a regular in forme of a spurre or Mullet 5 cornered The walls strongly beset with towers and rundells the Bulwarks thick and high with two wett ditches about them and on the East side a little Suburb washed by the river All this was very strongly pallisadoed with some outworks to it A worck is was said to be of well neere 20 yeares fortification Count Herman Adolph Count of Salm Rifferschet Statholder or Governour of the Bishoprick of Strasburg in which Benfelt standeth and Deane of the same Strasburg The Rhinegrave is of this Family of Salm. had excellently well provided it of victualls and ammunition some peeces of full Canon had they upon their Bullwarcks which shot 48 pound bullet Their garrison was about 800 Foot and 140 horse some of their Foot being sturdie Boores which there learned to be soldiers Their Governor was one Colonell Bulach a discreet Gentleman and a very resolute Commander Saturday September the eight did his Excellencie Gustavus Horn advance thitherward That very night did his vantguard take in some Mills with the Hospitall or cloister on the North side of the river which betwixt that and the towne had many great Ilets and branches cutting off and beating in some of these townsmen that had undertaken the guard of them Munday September the tenth beganne Horn to plant his Ordnance The siege laid which I heare to be 3 whole Canons 4 halfe Canons 12 fielding pieces and 4 mortars And now was he engaged upon a hard peece of service and all
a little from thence falleth into the Ill about 13 English miles to the South of Schletstat Colmar besieged The Imperiall Governor being resolved to hold the place and the Citizens perceiving him not able to doe it there fals out a difference upon it betwixt the Burgers and the Soldierie The townsmen feared that by the Governors obstinacie their City would be taken by assault and then should their houses be plundered or worse served and therfore presse the Governour to a Parlee He refusing the citizens getting all their Billmen at once together they just at dinner time on Sunday December the ninth sease upon the Governor with his Leiftenant and imprison them kill many of his soldiers that resisted them and sent word with all speed unto Gustavus Horn to come and take their citie This made their conditions to be the better and these they were By this you see that these townes of Schletstat and Colmar did not as yet know of the death of the King of Sweden 1. His Majestie of Sweden is contented to suffer the citie of Colmar still to remaine as a Romish Catholicke citie and in the enjoyment of the same her priviledges Immunities and rights aswell the Spiritualty as the Temporaltie which they had in the yeare 1626 nor will his Majestie assume more authoritie over the same Citie then the Romane Caesars have heretofore exercised 2. The King will receive the Ecclesiasticall persons both men and women into his protection and leave them the free exercise of their owne Religion 3. In the ordering of the Magistracie the King shall please to haue consideration of the wellfare and safetie of the townsmen and that with respect unto the ancient customes not bringing in any new impositions 4. The citie shall not be over-burthened with a greater garrison then they shall well be able to maintaine and the billetting of them shall be at the discretion of the Magistrates according to their former orders 5. All that were willing still to remaine within the City would his Majesty take the protection of and whoever were minded to depart should have free leave and libertie These Articles were dated at Horburg Decem. 10. 1632. and signed Gustavus Horn. Munday morning December the tenth was the Imperiall garrison turned out at the Ports to shift for their own safeties the Townsmen not so much you see as putting in one Article in favour of them The same night did Gustavus Horn personally enter into Colmar without exacting any one halfe Dollar from the townsmen The onely thing that he added unto the Articles which was by entreatie too was that the Lutherans might have their old Church again within the towne with the free exercise of Religion as heretofore they had enjoyed This being granted the Lord Commissary-Generall and Resident Glazer Religion restored in Colmar the Lord Iohn Noe and many principall Protestants who now lived in exile for their conscience sake at Strasburg did the 14 of December returne backe againe unto their owne houses in Colmar That day was there a Sermon of Thanksgiving preached there by Doctor Iohn Smidt Superintendent of the Augustane Confession who with the rest had the selfe-same day five yeares beene exiled out of Colmar His Excellencie Gustavus Horn had in the meane time sent the Leiftenant-Generall the Baron of Croneck Hagenau yeelded to the Swedish unto the Imperiall citie of Hagenaw 12 English miles to the North of Strasburg His message to the Magistrates was that if they thought good to submit themselves unto the Swedish protection then should their ancient Estate Priviledges Rights and Customes be left entire unto them but if not all should be by force confiscated The charges of the war moreover which he should be put unto for the conquering of them should doubly bee exacted out of their purses These offers being sent unto them by a fortunate and a conquering Armie became prevalent at the first motion and were accepted of Thus easily was Hagenau made Swedish having not so much as seene the countenance of a Swede till they tooke some of them in to be their garrison And thus became the valiant and discreet Gustavus Horn the great conqueror of the Vpper Alsatia and as much of the Lower too as there needed And that wee may dispatch all the warres in these quarters neere the Rhine at once by this time was the town of Franckendale in the Palatinate given over by the Spaniards The King of Bohemia by treating with the towne had before his death drawn the Governor Werres unto these conditions 1. That upon the eleventh of November himselfe with all his soldiers should march out of Franckendale Franckendale rendred in this equipage That is to say with Colours flying Drummes beating trumpets sounding 3 Brasse peeces of ordnance and such other ammunition as themselves had brought in thither 2. That the Spaniards should be allowed 200 wagons for the carrying away of their baggage 3. That they should have a sufficient Swedish garrison to convoy them unto the frontiers of Luxemburg Upon these termes were the Spaniards by agreement with the King of Bohemia to have left the towne upon the eleventh of November but whereas they were to have received 7000 Rex Dollars for such ordnance and Ammunition as they had heretofore brought into it and now left behinde them perchance upon the King of Bohemia'es sicknesse first and death afterwards they could not sooner receive their monyes The Gentleman employed by the King to treate with the Spaniards was Colonell Colb and they were put to it by the King of Spaines and the Archduchesses agreement with King Iames now also pressed by King Charles to deliver up the towne unto the Prince Palatine so soone as he should be able to keepe and maintaine it The Spaniards would never treate with the King of Sweden about it but with the Prince Palatines Ministers only so that now the King of Bohemia being likely enough to hold it they condiscend to deliver it And indeed they had Commission from Brussels for it being the willinger now to part with it so faire a way for that they saw Gustavus Horn perchance would not let them long have held it And yet this might they have done too had they known that he should have beene so soone sent for out of those Quarters towards Bavaria The Spaniards marching out November 26. a garrison of countrey boores is put into Franckendale to keepe it for the Princes Palatines There being now no more townes besides Vdenheim and Heidleberg in those parts of the Rhinish Circle which were not Swedish the victorious Gustavus Horn received directions from Chancellor Oxenstiern to march up into Bavaria and to joyne with the Generall Banier the Bavarians being strong enough at that time to fall a great way over their river Lech Gustavus Horn leaving part of the Armie with the Rhinegrave marches up into Bavaria with the residue even to the bancks of the Danubie in the Duke of
any part in these levyes for that as they said they had very lately received some favours and priviledges from his Imperiall Majestie who had newly honored their towne with the Title of an Imperiall Citie Thus much also I take leave to adde out of mine owne private observation There was a difference now depending betwixt his Majesty the King of Denmarke and the Hamburgers wherein the Emperor had already interposed his letters and authoritie The Hamburgers refuse to be against the Emperor cited the Deputies of both parties to appeare before the yonger Augustus Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg and other his Commissioners at Lunenburg April the third 1631. New style The Hamburgers indeed appeared but the King of Denmarke refused and so the matter still hanging the Hamburgers having continuall need of the Emperors good favour by reason of their differences with the King of Denmarke durst not engage themselves amongst those Princes that so openly thus opposed him The other Princes went on with their new levies of all which the Archbishop of Bremen and George Duke of Zella-Lunenburg were most forward both of which had received Commissions and instructions from the King of Sweden The Archbishop of Bremen thereupon levies in his owne Countrey and the Duke of Lunenburg goes to Hamborow about monyes and Bills of Exchange which tooke him up till mid-Januarie Of both their commings into the field wee shall speake in their due places And while they are at their levies let us entertaine our Readers with what hapned in this Lower Saxoni in the mean time that is the yeelding of Wismar and Damitz unto the Dukes of Mecklenburg How this strong Hanse towne of Wismar had beene by Adolph Frederick Duke of Mecklenburg besieged we have told you page 83 of our First Part The continuation of the siege of Wismar Rostock being wonne Generall Todts Armie that had taken it removed to Wismar and sate downe before it Colonell Gram commanded in the towne who to hinder the Swedish and the Mecklenburgers working sends out 1000 sallyers to beate the besiegers out of their Approaches After a hard skirmish and some slaughter they are contented to retire againe into their Citie first having in this sally slaine Generall Major Breitenbach that then commanded in the Approaches Gram seeing his towne laid hard at and no hope of succors sends out to the Duke of Mecklenburg to treate upon Conditions These were his desires That he might have liberty to dispeed a Captaine unto Leiftenant-Generall Diepenbach to tell him what state the towne was in and that there might be a Cessation of Armes till his returne with the Answere A Councell of war being called in the leaguer Wismar treats Grams proposition was upon these termes assented unto 1. That the towne Captaine should have a Mecklenburgers Trumpet to goe along with him 2. That this Captaine was to have * Because hee was to goe as farre as Bohemia three weekes allowed him for his returne and if hee could not possibly make his journey in that time then hee should have a moneth 3. That the conditions of rendring the towne should by Gram be consented unto and under his hand and Seale delivered to the Duke of Mecklenburg before the Captaine should take his journey 4. That in the meane time there should be a Cessation of Armes both by Sea and Land on both sides and pledges given for it 5. That during this truce the besieged should containe themselves within their walls and Out-workes and the besiegers in their Quarters the one not comming neerer to the Leaguer nor the other approaching no neerer to the towne 6. That after the returne of the Captaine Gram should immediately deliver up the towne and out-workes to the King of Sweden and the Dukes of Mecklenburg according to the agreements before hand concluded upon 7. But if in the meane time the Fort called The Whale should for want of victualls be enforced to surrender the taking in of that should be no breach of truice or treaty This was much about the twentieth of our December and whilest the Captaine is upon his way the strong towne of Damitz was yeelded up and that we now turne to The place of it is upon the very Southern Frontier of this Dukedome of Mecklenburg The siege of Damitz upon the Elb. neere unto the Marck of Brandenburg next unto the Lower Saxonie from which the river Elb onely parts it T is a very strong place and had beene long besieged by Colonell Lohausen against whom Colonell Strauben with his owne and some of the Duke de Savellies Regiment very well defended it The towne at length prettily thus betrayed its owne weaknesse unto the Duke of Mecklenburg Strauben upon the taking of Rostock fearing that the Baron of Virmond would have comne into his towne and perchance have taken his command from him writes a letter unto Virmond to diswade him His reasons were for that his Magazine was so emptie and his provisions so neere spent that they would never maintaine both of them a moneth together so that he advised him to goe seeke some other Quarter Yeelded These letters fell into the Duke of Mecklenburgs hand whereupon the siege was more pressed and hastned In the end therefore of December was the rendring concluded upon on these articles with the conditions 1. That the garrison should next day depart the towne without carrying away any victualls or ammunition without wronging the buildings slighting any of the workes or leaving any powder-mines or traines in Cellars or other places 2. That the Governour with all his owne soldiers and officers and those of the Duke De Savelli should freely march out of the citie with all their Armes and Baggage-wagons Colours flying matches lighted bullet in the mouth upon no pretence soever to be disturbed 3. That they should by Lohausens men be convoyed unto Munden upon the Weser and be secured against all molestations by the way either by the Kings forces or any other his Allyes 4. That they should have 16 wagons for the carrying away of their sick people 5. That such Ecclesiasticall persons of the town as had a minde to depart should have free leave to goe themselves and to carry away their Church ornaments with them 6. That the prisoners on both sides should bee set at libertie without ransome 7. Lastly that 2 principall officers of the garrison should be left for hostages with Lohausen till the safe returne of his convoy Upon these conditions was the towne rendred 400 of the garrison quitting their owne Ensignes became soldiers unto Lohausen Those that marcht towards the Weser were in the end of Januarie after met withall and cut in peeces by Generall Baniers men as we shall anon tell you About the eighth of Januarie the Wismar Captain whom Governour Gram had sent to Diepenbach againe returned Wismar yeelded whereupon Tuesday January the tenth was the towne rendred upon the conditions before agreed
complete The Forces of Walenstein and Bavaria to a company for halfe of them for so Walsteins List was and the rest as strong as the Captaines could make them amount to 40000 and so many marching men they had effective t is the word of the forenamed Gentleman who accounted themselues 80000. The Crabats were full 5000 men who gaue out themselues to be 8000. And this was their whole strength and with the least too 40000 Foot and 25000 Horse in all 65000. fighting men who either for their owne credits were apt to beleeue it or for policy and terror helpt to giue it out That they were 128000. And their great Officers These were Walensteins great Officers In his Campe was Gallas an Italian of Friuli and a braue Gentleman Lieftenant-Generall and he gaue out the orders In the Duke of Bavariaes Campe had Altringer the same office who yet was to be directed and controlled by Walenstein the Duke of Bavaria himselfe many times knowing nothing till the command was to be executed Major-Generall of the Horse unto Walenstein was Colonell Holck a Holsteyner as I take it His Generall-Major of the Foote was the Colonel Sparre a little blacke Gentleman and a Pomerlander The valiant Baron of Cronenberg as I take it was Generall-Major of the Horse unto Bavaria but who was of his Foote I know not Cratz was not now in the Leaguer for he was yet busie against Banier in Bavaria and he afterwerwards offered to hinder him when hee came towards Norimberg But this I haue but by heare-say Other great Commanders which had seuerally entrenched Quarters in the Leaguer were Count Maximilian Walstein and Count Bernard Walenstein Kinsmen I suppose unto the Generalissimo The Baron of Schemberg and Colonel Picolomini an Italian Gentleman with Mittscha and Gratzij Colonells Generall of the Crabats and Hungarians in their Quarter Walenstein at his first comming sate downe a night or two about Schwabach untill his Quarters could be made ready for him which done then went he and sate downe in his Leaguer The whole Imperiall Leaguer was at first diuided into 8. seuerall Quarters if the Figure cut in Copper be true which I haue seene printed with a High Dutch description to it The distance of his Quarters from the Kings The Imperiall Leaguer and the 8. seuerall Quarters of it described was about 4. miles English Their first and Head-Quarter which was far the largest was by Metzendorff vpon the North-West of the riuer Pegnitz betwixt the High-wayes unto Wurtsburg and Bamberg This was almost like an Ovall and the riuer Rednitz ranne close by it upon the Northerne border The second Quarter was by Scheurglung betweene the way to Wurtsburg which parted it from Walensteins and the riuer Pegnitz close upon the Westerne banke of it Here Piccolomini commanded .. The third Quarter was by Mueggenhoff at a good distance from the Southerne banke of the river from Piccolominies Quarter with 2. Royall Forts betweene and their Batteries Here was Count Maximilian Walenstein lodged The fourth was on the South side of the Kings Leaguer by Hoffen and there lay Baron Cronenberg The fifth was on the same side towards the right hand by Saint Leonards which was called Baron Altringers Betwixt these two went the High-way to Reychelsdorff The sixth was by Pultmull on the East side of Norimberg and beyond the riuer on the Northerne banke a great distance from Altringers with a very great Fort betweene the way to Schwabach and the Pegnitz And here Count Bernard Walenstein commaunded The seuenth was by Prentzengart betwixt the High-waies that leade to Amberg and to Culmbach on the North-East of Norimberg This was the Hungarian and the Crabats Quarter whose chiefes were Isolani Mittscha and Gratzij The 8. and last Quarter was by Rehenberg betweene the wayes to Culmbach and Bamberg upon the North of the City and neere unto the Head-Quarter This was the Count of Schombergs Betwixt each of these was there Workes and Forts one or two according to the distance This mighty Leaguer was vaste rather then accurate Walenstein surely was defectiue in this point of military excellency he is none of the best Spademen nor had he any good Enginiers about him Seuen of these 8. Quarters were but slight ones a little earth cast vp and barricadoed with Wagons trees and other encumberments Nor were they close behind as if out of a military bravery they would have the King know they trusted more to their strengths then to their trenches Nor did these 7. Quarters hold long but onely till they heard of Oxenstierns comming against which time the Head Quarter was enlarged and fortified and all the forces of the rest drawne into it That we now describe The Avenues or Passages of this great Leaguer in and out thorow the Retrenchments had Barricadoes right before them made with Truncks and mighty boughes of Trees among with broken Wagons Turne-pikes Gabions or Cannon-baskets peeces of old Cask filld vp with earth and stones and many such other rude devises to blocke up the way withall especially against Horse and sudden Camisadoes The place for some of his Quarters was a naturall Fortification hilly wooddy and bushye and especially by the hill and old Castle of Altendorp made famous on Saint Bartholmewes day following by a most notable conflict for it All the bridges over the 2. little rivers had he caused to be broken downe at Katzwang namely Reychelsdorff Stain Waykerhoff and Furt that so no body might on the sudden come at him Divers villages were within these Quarters the Duke of Bavaria being lodg'd in one of them yea and Walenstein himselfe though he had his day Pavilion in the open field for the most part and when it was faire weather yet was his lodging when he pleased within a house And this was fittest both for his diseases and humours he is shrewdly troubled with the Gowte Walensteins diseases so that he goes softly and is led sometimes Some other crazynesses is he likewise troubled with for which the cold earth is not so kindly He loues to keepe a State fit for the dignity of his place and that affects priuacy and retyrednesse The Soveraignty I must not expresse it in a lower stile over the Militia was absolutely at the Duke of Fridlands disposure Walensteins for so much he tooke vpon him as Imperiall Generalissimo Authority He was Fellow in Armes and no Generall over the Duke of Bavaria for that his Army was independant and he as a Prince of the Empire by himselfe had levied it at his owne charges Yet did Walenstein commaund all and that with a Switch as it were his Orders being giuen out with an Imperious Eloquence which is Breefenesse His pleasure so much is due to a Generall must not onely be uncontrolleable but undisputable and he is a most sudden and seuere Iusticier Severity when he pleases for his military discipline Hang the beast that 's his word that obeyes
Dorps about Coburg he marches directly by the towne of Cronach into Voitland He falls into Voitland which his owne Holck and Gallas with their Armies had of late so foully harryed It was a deepe prepensed resolution in the Generalissimo to pay the Elector of Saxony to the purpose he was once in a quandary when as he had newly taken Prague whether he should first fall into Saxony or come against the King Sweden And had not the King beene so neere him at that very time in such danger to have overthrowne the Duke of Bavaria first and then in his absence to have falne into Bohemia he would no doubt have first gone against the Elector of Saxony And now at him he goes The Elector of Saxonyes subiects the poore Boores of Voitland perceiuing this second tempest now comming upon them resolue with themselues that the best whood to beare off such foule weather would be an head-piece In great and confused numbers therfore gathering themselues together to be revenged they with the best weapons that a rusticall fury could put into their hands first turne feare into despaire and that into desperatenesse which in stead of skill order and true valour they made to serue their turnes against the invaders Besetting the woods therefore and the bye-waies which the seeking for their lost Cowes now and then had heretofore made them perfect at they with as good a will as ever Boores gate children knockt downe such rambling and plundering boote-halers of the Imperiall Army as they could singly light upon and master This is he that rid away with my horse cries one downe with him that fellow stole my 2. kyne saies a second cut the throat of him and he carried away all my wiues ducks tother day cryes a third Boore knocke him downe too All the Quarter they would give the souldiers was to quarter those whom they had killed and to mangle those bodies whom they had mawled as if every blowe they gave a dying souldier had killed them another enemy because it in part satisfied their revenge by the acting of another cruelty And here saies some Relations was the young Walenstein killed of whom we before spake in the action of Coburg But the Walsteiners were even with the poor Boores for it if burnings and rapes and ravages could cry quittance for Making foule worke there sure the warres seemed not here to be made by enemies but by furies The place of this Country of Voitland is betwixt Duringen Franconia Misnia and Bohemia and the reason that Walenstein did now enter into it was partly to beare all the country along before him and partly to lay the seate of the warres in an enemies Countrey And who can denie this to have beene souldierly done of him But that he had first commanded in Holck and Gallas into it and did now follow himselfe with fire and sword in it was not so much upon the barbarisme or tyrannicall delight in blood and cruelty but out of the terror of a military policy that with the feare and horror to see his subiects so used and his reasons for it he might constraine the Duke of Saxony unto a sudden and disadvantageous composition with whom the courtships of repeated Ambassages from the Emperor had not heretofore prevailed And who need suspect the constancy of the Duke of Saxony that chose rather to endure all this then to breake his League with the Protestant Princes and the King of Sweden Our Generalissimoes first Rendezvous in this Voitland was at Plaun upon the river Elster downe whose streame at the distance of 60. English miles to the Northward Leipsich standeth To this Plaun did the Imperiall Vantguard arrive upon Wednesday the 10th of October the rest of the Army going towards Weida on the same side of the Elster 12. miles neerer unto Leipsich To this Weida after the Avantguard at Plaun had the second time plundered the poore people thereabouts as far as Zwicka did the whole Army draw together where he also formed a new Leaguer He formes a standing camp that so these severall Partees and divisions which were sent abroad to spoile the countrey and to bring in contributions might have a standing Campe to retreate unto Leaving after this the Duke of Fridland still encamped about Weida let us surveigh the other destroyed parts of the Duke of Saxonies Dominions and see what worke Holck and Gallas had there singly and ioyntly since their severall sendings out from before Norimberg And their Stories let us now fetch up that wee may the more methodically bring them to their Generalissimo and to the siege of Leipsich The Story of Holcks actions in the Duke of Saxonyes countrey And beginne we with Holck first who as we have in the beginning told you was about the 20th of Iuly sent out with 6000. Horse and 4000. Muskettiers into Misnia the reasons whereof we have there likewise given you He advancing to the edge of Voitland within some few leagues of Egra and Bohemia seases the smaller handsome townes first of all as Dobruberg Hirsberg Lichtenberg Sparnberg and Hoff all in this hilly and wooddy frontier Next makes he towards these upon the Elster which rises hereabouts a little to the Southward Olsnitz a faire towne a little more Easterly is forced and burnt downe to ashes for resisting Plaun a good towne about a league more Northerly up the same river is blocked up at the same instant with some Horse troopes and divers of the villages that belonged to it put on fire because it surrendred not at the first summons The rest I omit not so much for brevities sake as for horror not listing to relate the Barbarismes committed by his Crabats as if they had falne in not to make warres but desolations or as if they had beleeved that a country was never thorowly conquered till it were utterly destroyed Holck being farre as yet from the Electors Court at Dresden He besieges Zwicka and for that reason finding the lesse opposition to controll him advances boldly and attacks Zwicka the strongest piece in all that country standing about 14. or 16. miles to the North-East of Plaun aforesaid About August 13th he first presents himselfe before the towne and demands it to be rendred The summons being denyed the place is surrounded by his Army It being scituated in a hilly wooddy countrey Holck found a naturall Battery or rising hill hard by the Castle upon which he caused 8. peeces of Cannon to be mounted With these plaies he hard upon the Castle and the Castle as hard upon him againe His carriage had beene so good towards other places since he came into the land that the men of Zwicka as they despaired of his mercy so were they by that despaire armed with a resolution to surmount his cruelty The place was defended by Colonell Kalkstein who had beene sent in hither with 6. troopes of Horse and some Foote-Companies so soone as ever Holck was
their Armes stoutly and the adverse writers confesse That their dead bodies now covered the same ground which living they had defended These were old beaten souldiers indeed but it was so long since they had beene last beaten that they had by this time forgotten how to runne away This is the reason that they were so shattered that when towards night they were to have falne on againe both these Brigades put together could not make one Squadron strong which is but the 3d. part of one of them By this you see that 5. of 6. were there killed The Swedes Brigade marked with the number 8. fared something better because neere unto the Horse and yet there came not aboue 400. off alive or unwounded Duke Bernards Brigade marked with 11 was something more out of Gun-shot for that next the Horse of the Left Wing Yet here was Colonel Wildestein shot in the breast of which he after died Duke Bernards Lieftenant-Colonel Winckler being slaine upon the place In this sore bickering the spoyle on the Imperiall side fell mostly upon old Bruners and young Walensteins Regiments both which were here killed with full halfe if not 2 thirds of the souldiers These Regiments performed their duties so valiantly and Walenstein himselfe tooke such speciall notice of them that he along time after if not still maintained them in his owne house at Prague for it Hindersons Reserve of Foote in the meane time which you see at number 37. had also their share in the knocking one of the Offices and uses of the Reserve being still to supply and second where most need is with fresh men to derne up the holes and stop up the gaps of the slaughtered And whereas those 4. Brigades of the Van had so terribly beene shattered Generall-Major Kniphausen had out of his care sent up these 2. Brigades of the Count of Thurn and the Colonell Mitzlaff which you see at numbers 28. and 29. to relieve them After a while he sent them up those 4. Squadrons of Horse which you see at the numbers 33 34 35 The Imperialists beaten off and 11. pieces takeÌ„ 36. who so well altogether restored the encounter that the Imperialists began to give ground which the Swedes so farre pursued till they had recovered the 7. peeces againe and those 4. others which you see at the letters F F to the left hand of them Looke we now aside to see what was done in the Reere and Left Wing by Kniphausen and Duke Bernard Generall-Major Kniphausen having sent 2. Brigades of his 4. and 4. Squadrons of Horse What Kniphausen did to the reliefe of the Vantguard sent also his other 2. Horse Squadrons at the numbers 30 3â— commanded by the Prince of Anhalt and the Lieftenant of Baron Hoffkirch unto Duke Bernard As for the other 2. Brigades of Foote his owne and Bosens which you see at 27. and 28 together with Oems his Reserve of Horse to be found at number 38. these did Kniphausen still keepe by him in the Reere of the Battell Duke Bernard had as hard a Chapter of it as any man against the Imperialists Right Wing and what Duke Bernard at the Wind-Mills and surely had the most renowned Don Quixote beene there there had beene exercise enough for his valour at these Wind-Mills Soberly this was the hardest Post for advantage of situation all the field over and Count Coloredo as well maintained it against him Never man did more gallantly behave himselfe then Duke Bernard did that day sure it is and himselfe avoucht it that first and last in this and other places he charged 12. severall times one after another any of which was a more desperate piece of service then all Hercules 12. labours baâ—e me but his going to hell to fetch out Cerberus And Coloredo gave Duke Bernard leave to charge all he had so good an advantage of the 2. ditches and the Wind-Mills that hee would not scarce offer upon Duke Bernard His great valour The brave young Duke pressing on in the beginning of the fight had set the towne of Lutzen on fire his reason being that seeing if he would get the Wind-Mills he must with the end of his Wing even touch as it were the very walls of the town Should Coloredo then have first filled those wals with Muskettiers they must needs have so sorely galled his Horsemen that there had beene no comming neere nor could Horse and Pistols have done any service against wals and Muskettiers In one of these Charges did Coloredo so thunder upon Duke Bernard that the valiant Prince thought it not un-souldier-like done to shelter himselfe behind the Millars House which you see at the letter N. All this time as we told you did Major Kniphausen keep his 2 Brigades and Oems his Reserve together un-engaged doing no more with them then faire and softly advance them towards the enemy at such time as he saw the Brigades of the Van to get any ground of them The distance of his Reere from the Front was about 600. paces and at that scantling he still kept himselfe behind the other This was no small occasion of the winning of the Battell seeing that so often as any of the Van were disordered and put to the retreate they with him still found a whole great Body together unbroken by the sight of which they resumed new courage and were set in order againe And very glad was Duke Bernard when in the next breaking up of the Mist he came and found Kniphausen in so good order whom as he openly professed he feared to have found all to pieces For now betwixt 3. and 4. a clocke which was a little before Sun-set did the Mist breake up and there was a faire halfe-houre after it At which time Duke Bernard going abroad to over-view the posture and countenance of the Army which since his hearing of the Kings death the mist and smoake had not suffered him to discover any thing of he came now along by the Battell unto the Right Wing speaking to the Officers and souldiers and encouraging them to a new on-set Plainely he found the whole Army except Kniphausens part in no very good order which he and Kniphausen who tooke much good paines likewise about it did their best to reduce them to When the Word was given for a new Charge alas Camrade said the poore souldiers one to another must we fall on againe Come saies the tother embracing him Courage if we must le ts doe it bravely and make a day out As Duke Bernard was leading on the Imperiall Generalissimo sent his 2. Colonells Tersica and Piccolomini to discover in that cleere weather what the Swedes were a doing who brought his Excellency word againe that they were r'allied together about the Wood and in very good order advancing towards him The 4th charge This no doubt made the Imperialists hearts quake to thinke upon the terror of a fourth Charge And now could the Swedes discover the Imperiall
defence behind him in the Castle 6. And so shall he doe with his Ensignes if he hath any 7. The Governour shall not onely be bound but give sureties for it that he should have no powder-mines in the Castle nor should his souldiers doe any other wrong to it at their departure 8. The Governour shall pretend nothing either against their lives or honours that were disposed to turne to the Protestant party 9. Lastly That by vertue of this agreement the Governour with his Officers and souldiers might freely come out of the Castle and should have a Saxon Convoye even to the Frontiers of Bohemia provided that he left hostages for the returne of the Convoye Articles within a very little as lowly as the former and yet upon these was Pleissenburg Castle rendred December 3d. being Munday The Saxons having delivered the Imperialists upon the Frontiers of Bohemia the Boores there not suffering them to enter beate them backe as farre as Annaberg in Misnia where they were forced to become Swedish This I find writing for but I wonder how Walenstein would use these Boores for it I passe by smaller rencounters because I hasten like the Swedish to cleere the greater townes of the Imperialists And they it appeares made such hast to do it that they gave farre better conditions to the next towne for a packing penny then they had done to both the former T was now in the depth of Winter when as the souldiers would faine be in their Quarters and their two Commanders Duke Bernard and Kniphansen at Dresden Thither the Protestant Princes began to come and send to the holding of a Dyet and to consult together how the Warres were to be prosecuted now after the death of the great Director of the Warre the incomparable King of Sweden Pleissenburg Castle being taken and restored like Chemnitz to the Elector of Saxony Generall-Major Kniphausen goes with the Army unto Zuicka which by this time Duke Bernard had given a girdle to And now are the Saxon Forces returned againe towards Silesia for that thereabouts the Imperialists began a-new to bustle The Baron de Suvis was now Governour of Zuicka and he preparing for defence burnes downe the Suburbs fortifies and mans the great Church the Towne-house and Castle Duke Bernard and Kniphausen to be briefe making up Batteries of Timber-worke upon the fifteenth of December Zuicka rendred began to talke in the tone of thunder to them By this in ten dayes space the besieged were brought downe to lower and milder language and contented upon Christmas Day to take this cold Pye to their dinners Then were these Articles concluded upon 1. That by 5. a clocke on Saint Iohns day in the morning the Governour and souldiers and the conditions belonging either unto his Imperiall Maiesty or unto the Catholike Leaguers should with flying Ensignes Drummes beating matches lighted bullet in the mouth and full Armes depart out of the City carrying along with them some field pieces of powder bullet leade and match of each 2000. weight 2. That the Foote forces shall take all their Horses Wagons Baggage Moveables and their Leaguer-servants along with them without molestation 3. That the Horsemen servitors either to the Emperor or the Leaguers of what nation or quality soever they are shall have leave to march out compleatly That is to say with Horses Saddles Pistols Carabines and Cornets and with their Baggage in like manner as was granted to the Foote-forces 4. That the Imperiall Commissary Conradus à Schleisburg shall also be comprehended in the Treaty 5. That the sicke and wounded men shall goe out upon the same termes with the other who if they want wagons to carry them away the Duke will please to allow them some or else to suffer them so long to stay in the City and be carefully looked unto till they be thorowly cured After which they shall be suffered to depart without molestation To this end shall order be given to the Swedish and Saxon souldiers that the Baron De Suvie and his souldiers Horse and Foote be suffered to depart without wrong or molestation 6. The Swedish assure also that they shall not goe about either by money or other wayes to debauch or inveigle away any of the Imperiall souldiers into their service 7. The departing Imperialists shall have a sufficient Convoye of 2. or 300. Horse at least under some Commander to guard them as farre as Preswitz in the way to Commotha who shall not enforce them to march above 2 Dutch leagues a day Vpon these honorable conditions went the Baron De Suvis out of Zuicka attended with a garrison of 1150. Foote under 5. flying Ensignes and 600. Crabats with some other Horsemen Two hundred and fifty Waggons-loade of Baggage and Ammunition he had along and was in state and leisure conveyed into the very borders of Bohemia The Swedish towards the end of the Market were contented to affoord good penny-worths for this being the last towne of the Elector of Saxonyes possessed by the Imperialists the countries of Saxony Voitland and Misnia were now quite cleered of them The Army put into Quarters And then was the over harassed tyred and victorious Army put into their winter-Quarters And by this time was that wise States-man the Rex-Chancellor Axel Oxenstiern Oxenstiern comming comne into the Countrey He first convoking the Military Commanders unto Altemburg as I take it some part of the glorious Conquerors Will and Testament was made knowne unto them And whereas the King in his life time the Army is devided had appointed Dodo Kniphausen to goe with an Army into the Lower-Saxony and to have the Title of a Felt-Marshall the Swedish Army is thereupon divided part remaining to that valiant young Prince Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar and another smaller part going along with the new Felt-Marshall Kniphausen made Felt-Marshall and sent into the Lower-Saxony Both these Armies as also all those other of the severall Swedish Commanders about Germany were to take their orders and directions from the Lord Chancellor who was to command all in chiefe by vertue of the Commission which the King had given him of being Ambassador to the Armies This is that ancient and honourable Title among the Romanes called Legatus ad exercitus For the pleasure therefore and better understanding of the Readers give me leave to rubbe up my old notes and to deduce this Office from Antiquity The Romane Senate still used to send some of the prime Nobility and skilled in the warres unto the Generall whose counsells and directions he was to have regard unto in all but in the manner of fighting the Army T was the honourablest military employment of all and the most reverend The Ambassador to the Armies hath in him both the power of a Generall and the sacrednesse of a Priest sayes Dionysius lib. XIo. speaking of Lucius Siccius Hence the Greekes stiled them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
easily especially where he found himselfe vsed like a King and sued vnto Himselfe would say when he tooke notice now and then of this touchinesse of his owne nature so apt with a little spark to take fire That he must endure ever and anon the diversities of their humours the flegme of some and the drinke of others and that in equity therefore they ought something the better to beare with his cholericknesse And an indifferent temper in men would have passed by this infirmity in him could they have but consideted the multitudes and varieties of those greater thoughts which were still agitated in that ever working braine and spirit of his wound up and labouring upon the stretch without intermission A man me thinks should doe with a bad humor in a Prince as with a bad Angell give him his full Graines and Allowances and then weigh him But if you please to put into the either skale those extraordinary many vertues in him his sweetnesse of disposition his easinesse of accesse the familiarnesse of his carriage his care that every common souldier should have his due and his moderation in the greatnesse of his successes not thinking his shaddow one spanne the more spreading then surely the beame would so cast it on the better sâ—ide that his choler would seeme but as the dust of the balance to them But yet another fault was there in this most excellent Prince which now hath spoyl'd all the rest That namely his courage suffered his Iudgement no better to distinguish betwixt the duties of a common Carabin and a Generall of an Army but would adventure the King as farre as the Leader of a Partee and that by consequence he tooke no better care for the saving and sparing of the best blood of the Army but was too too prodigall an unthrift of it The marvaile is not that he was so hazardous of it in a Cause so glorious but that in all those encounters he lost no more of it his owne life perpetually being as farre and forwardly engaged and still running the same hazards with the meanest of his Army But yet for taking off this blame from him this in his discharge is to be said That that naturall constitution of his not of fire onely but of flame made all the valour and couragiousnesse of his Army behold unto his example and that the well speeding of his so many victories was principally to be ascribed to his presence in the encounters the very sight of such a Leader like some puissant Aspect in the heavenly Constellations infusing a secret influence and irrradiation of courage into his owne and of fright and terrour into his enemies And by these excellencies arrived he to this height of glory even of a military glory And see what a true-rais'd Fame can doe it hath something in it not onely beyond the nature of an Eagle but of a Starre too for the higher aire this Prince wrought himselfe up into the fuller still and the liker Statua his vertues have appeared and he bigned upon the eye of envie in his Mountie Bodies meerly up of craft or fortune doe out of cunningnesse affect to conceale their owne greatnesses Like Mercury among the Plantets who though of a fiery and a flushing luster yet so politicke a Courtier and close a waiter he is and that upon industry as by ever crowding neer the Sunne he hath gained to walke so farre obscured under his Masters glories that his devoutest servants the Astronomers can seldome or never procure the sight of him Wheras Bodyes made up of true worth and substance are like the Sunne it selfe then arrived to the brightest of their Beauties when in the highest degree of their Exaltations And this is something towards the Character of the King of Sweden whilest he was And alas that I must say Whilest he was Now would I give all my part in Grammer to alter but one Tense and to say He is But because He is no more amongst us this Character and Story of his may serve in stead of his Picture to conserve his memory I confesse I am not Limner cunning enough to give every part of him his true stelling and proportion nor have I the Art either with sweete touches or bold and masterly stroaks so to heigthen up my Peece or make it to stand off as every way to be like him In this onely doe I please my selfe that those who have had the honour to be about his person may here refigure a touch or two that come something neere the Life of him This also I assure my selfe of that those nobler foes who have sometimes beene made feele his Armes will be amongst the liberallest to contribute towards his praises if it be but onely to take off something from their owne losses to justifie their owne disgraces and to show that no man inferiour to this Character could have beene thus active and successefull upon them That which is admirable beyond all the rest is That this Prince hath left the affaires behind him in an estate seeming advantageous to both parties The one side thinke skales turn'd by his killing His owne Allyes he left in possession of more then two third parts of Germany of the better townes and the greater rivers even from the Vistula in Muskovia unto the Rhine and Danuby the Oder the Elb the Danuby the Mayn and the Rhine all these are witnesses of his personall Trophees and so are the Weser and the Mosel of others of his Captaines To continue these Conquests he left seven faire Armies behind him with their Generals In the Vpper Saxony his owne to Duke Bernard in the Lower Saxony a 2d. under Baron Kniphausen In Silesia a third under Dubalt In Bavaria a fourth under the Palatine Birckenfelt About Cullen a fifth under Baudissin in Alsatia a sixth under Gustavus Horn and in Schwabland a seuenth under The Duke of Wirtemberg and Sir Patrick Ruthven I reckon not the Saxons the Lunenburgers the Bremers nor the Hessens because under their owne Princes though all whilest he lived by him as the Generall Director of the Wars to be commanded Adde to this the strength of his Confederacies all Princes excepting those of the House of Austria some few Italians and the Catholike Leaguers being his Allyes What now remaineth but that the Protestant Princes of the Empire doe goe on still to pursue the advantages which he left unto them to banish all personall jealousies and mis-intelligences to soder up all old ruptures and divisions to lay aside the standing upon their punto's and the Heraldry of their genealogies and to suffer the Warres to be conducted not by Princes of the best Houses but the greatest abilities to husband their time and oportunities to presse action and not to bee too tedious in their consultations to take advantage of what is both passed and present to study how to conserve their owne estates under that of the Empire to communicate their counsels and unite their Forces
the masters of the field must now and then take their turnes and be beaten out of it The Swedish part of the Armie which returned from the fight to Altzeim went presently with the Chancellor back againe to Mentz and the other part that moved towards Creutznach went forward with the Rhinegrave after a while into the Huntsruck There hee reprised though with some little adoe at first the townes of Kirchberg Simmern and others wherein the Spaniards had left some weake garrisons Nor had the Swedish after this much adoe about the Palatinate till that in July after they were sent for by the King to Norimberg The state in which the Spaniards left the Palatinate shall wee now tell you of The state in which the Spanish now left the Palatinate and the Bishoprick of Spiers Having made themselves masters of Spiers they forced some garrisons upon the next neighbor walled townes that had beene voluntarily quitted by such Swedish as were there enquartered even as the selfe-same townes had beene before quitted by the Spanish as Pag. 59 of our Second Part wee have before told you These townes were Aenwyler Cron-Wessenburg Landau and some others and out of these as being nothing fencible they now at parting withdraw their new-put-in garrisons At Germersheim onely did they now leave some companies This being a pretty tight place of it selfe would be a good safegard besides unto the strong towne of Vdenheim or Philipsburg which lyes but one Dutch league to the East of it the Rhine running just betweene them The garrison of this towne which had beene put in partly by the Bishop of Spires and partly by the Chapter and which by often going out upon Boote-haling Partees with the Spanish garrisons of Heidleberg and Franckendale especially before the Spanish and the Bishop had any difference had beene three quarters Spaniolized they now left in very good termes with themselves and upon termes with their Lord the Bishop now enemie to the Spaniards The Chapter or Dom-Herren of the Cathedrall Church of Spiers was their friend and their owne Bishops adversarie and for their sakes did the Spanish now forbeare the other lands of the Bishoprick The quarrell was this The Bishop Philip Christofer of Spiers was now Elector of Triers also whither in the yeare 1623 he had beene chosen This Prince had not onely concluded his Neutralitie with the King of Sweden See Page 69 and 72 of our Second Part. but put himselfe under the French Kings protection and by a Proclamation commanded all the Spaniards out of his countrey His Fort and Electorall castle of Hermanstein had he now also actually consigned over unto the French and had likewise sent unto Vdenheim the towne of his Residence for his Bishopricke of Spiers to have that delivered over to them This so enraged both his Chapters of Triers and of Spiers who were wholly Austrianized that they forthwith proceeded to a formall and legall Admonition of him which amounts to little lesse then a Deprivation Differences betwixt the Bishop of Spiers and his Chapter concerning Vdenheim The Bishop sending his Trumpet unto the garrison of Vdenheim to deliver up the place unto the French his desire was countermanded by the Chapter of Spiers so that the Governour answered peremptorily That he held for the Emperor Thus were the French Generalls frustrated of this hope Having here made mention of the Elector of Triers and his French dependancie Swedish Neutralitie and enmity with the Spaniards it shall not be amisse to repeate something here though from an ancienter originall which may conduce to the understanding of his State and our Storie This Philip Christofer then Bishop of Spiers onely had his ordinarie Residence at this Vdenheim and some old discontents betwixt the Palsgrave and the Bishop about it concerning which there had formerly fallen out a controversie betwixt the last Prince Palatine him and upon this occasion In the yeare 1618. the Bishop had a mind to fortifie this Vdenheim against which the Palsgrave thus argued That the place had beene viewed and the modell projected by Spinola That it thereby being made suspitious would become also dangerous to his Estate if either his enemies should get in thither and the causes or the Bishops in time to come prove enemies to the Palatinate He urged also that this fortification would hinder his right of sending convoyes or Safe-Conducts by or through the towne That it was contrary to the priviledges of the citie of Spiers which was to have no new Fort erected within 3 leagues of it The Bishop not desisting for all these reasons the Elector Palatine procures a meeting of some Princes at Heilbrun upon it There did the Duke of Wirtemberg the Marquesse of Durlach and the Earles of the Wetteraw assist the Palsgrave with 4000 armed men to slight and dismantle the whole Fortification Hereupon was it thus agreed betwixt the Palsgrave and the Bishop with consent of the Dom-Herren or Prebends of Spiers that the part betwixt the Fore-towne and the Castle should bee left unfortified and never to be made up but by consent of the Palatines That the Bishop should never put above 30 men into it for Day-Warders and that in time of warres the place should be a refuge for the Paligraves subjects But this agreement was in time of these late warres then broken by the Bishop when the Palsgrave had no power left to exact the performance of it But thus much hath the Bishop now gained by it that this towne of Vdenheim which hee built against the will of his friends he hath now fortified for his enemies The Captaine that now commanded in this Philipsburg having made this denyall to the Bishops Trumpet to shew him withall how much good earnest he meant in it set fire presently upon some of the new buildings next the castle to prevent the lodging of any enemies in it and prepares himselfe throughly for resistance This was the state of Udenheim when the Spaniards forsooke the Palatinate The constitution of all the countrey together was this In Franckendale the Spaniards left or were to leave 1200. In Heidleberg 2000. In Spiers 1000 and in Germersheim about halfe so many In Neustat likewise Bretten Sintzheim Pfeddersheim Germersheim and Fidelsheim they left some smaller garrisons Some writing tells mee that Don Philip de Sylva did not send in those 1000 foot and 5 Cornets of horse into Franckendale as he had promised I perceive that the chiefe command over the Militia in the Palatinate was entrusted principally in the hands of Colonel Metternich Governour of Heidleberg All the Countrey of Alsatia was left to the Marquesse William of Baden But he staid not long in that his regencie For hearing how ill the Spanish had sped in their retreate that the Swedish armie was returned to Mentz that Gustavus Horne was comne downe to be Generall about the Rhine and Mosel and that the passages betwixt Heidleberg and Franckendale were likely to
or 6 dayes brought his Approaches close up to their castle moate Besieges the Castle of Grafenburg and had a day or two battered their hard wals with 14 peeces of Canon He had so soarely shaken a great Rundle or Tower of the castle that he could within a few houres make it saultable Upon another side also close by the water had he a second Batterie and there would he within a day or 2 be readie for a storming The Spanish Governor perceiving all this and that he had hardly men enough to defend all his walls in a generall assault nor hope of being relieved from other parts he having done his part very well on Munday July 2 hangs out his white streamer from the castle to signifie his desire of a Parlie Articles being the same night concluded upon the Spanish march out the next Tuesday being the 3 and were convoyed towards Luxemburg and takes it This was a strong place and of as much importance almost as the Castle of Hermanstein Here did Horn finde so sufficient a store of victualls and ammunition that had it beene as throughly manned as victualled he could not in thrice that time have mastered it In this meane time had the Elector of Triers given a very friendly interview unto the Rhinegrave about Coblentz shewing good content towards him for his cleering Coblentz of the Spanish The Elector of Triers well contented with the Swedish So well was he appayed with the Swedish usage of his subjects that he sent presently into Spiers citie and other places of both his Bishopricks to publish the new agreement and confirmation of the Neutralitie that he had contracted with the King of Sweden To this towne of Coblentz had the Elector of Cullen by the 26 or 28 of June likewise sent his Ambassadors and thither were the Rex Chancellor Oxenstiern comne from Mentz and Gustavus Horn for 2 or 3 dayes too whilest his Armie was before Graâ—enburg There did the Elector againe solicite and obtaine his Neutralitie both from the Kings of France and Sweden The Bishop of Cullen obtains a Neutrality the French Ambassador being also at the Treaty The Neutralitie extended no farther then to the Electors Bishoprick of Cullen upon the East side of the Rhine but to his Bishoprick of Paderborn and his lands in Westphalia it extended not for the Landgrave of Hessen had his garrisons then in many of the townes of those parts The Neutralitie was also to be confirmed by the 2 Kings for whose seeing of the Articles and returne of the Expresses there were 6 weekes 2 moneths say some allotted Upon this agreement was the Elector to casheire the Count of Merode and his Regiments and not to give him passage through his countrey unto Ossa and Monte-Cuculi in Alsatia This is the reason that though Merode presently after this received a command from Walstein to march into Alsatia yet could he not obey those directions but was faine to passe the Rhine at Keyferswert and conjoyne himselfe with Pappenheim then going to Maestricht The Duke of Newburg also and the Duke of Newburg treates for it whose house and residence then was about Dusseldorp upon the Rhine next neighbour unto Cullen he likewise solicited a Neutralitie but what termes he obtained I know not this one thing is observed that this Prince hath either beene not constant or not fortunate in his Treaties Horn takes in Bern castle and Veldents Gustavus Horn being master now of Trarbach and of Grafenburg seases in the next place upon Bern Castle and Veldents towne both upon the Mosel towards Triers and within 5 or 6 English miles of Trarbach And thus the Spanish being on both sides of the Mosel and by the Rhines side cleered out of the Elector of Triers countrie even as farre as Triers citie the Elector contented the townes which the Swedes had taken delivered backe into his hands and by him consigned over to the French according to the King of Swedens agreement with the French King the Elector of Cullen also having sued out his Neutralitie and discharged â—erode of his service and attendance upon the Rhine and Mosel all these things being so quickly and so quietly dispatcht about those parts and the French then likely to be made strong enough by the comming of the marshall D'Estre and the vicount Arpaiou to attack Triers citie Gustavus Horn retires the Armie back againe unto Mentz And all in good time Oxenstiern goes towards Norimberg The Chancellor Oxenstiern with 8000 of the forces that had beene left about Mentz and with some of the Rhinegraves Armie now returned out of Triers countrie was by the 11 of July marcht up to the reliefe of the King of Sweden before Norimberg so that there was some want of an Armie about Mentz and the Palatinate Duke Iulius Administrator of the Duchie of Wirtemberg had likewise sent word unto this our Swedish Felt-Marshal of Ossaes Monte-Cuculies being upon the wing upon the frontiers of Alsatia Wirtemberg the Palatinate and of Metternichs the Governor of Heidlebergs purpose to take in Wiseloch so that now it was high time for Gustavus Horn to have dispatched with the Spanish and to looke this way againe towards the Imperialists True it is that the Rhinegraves Armie after the taking of Coblentz had beene sent backe towards the Palatinate and had there recovered Sintzheim and Bretten both a little East of Spiers and South of Heidleberg towards the land of Wirtemberg and Marquisate of Durlach Upon this neerenesse of the Swedish Spiers forsaken by the garrison the Imperiall and Bavarian garrison which the Spanish had left behinde them in Spiers city voluntarily abandon it Captaine Onrust with 250 men was commanded to goe for Heidleberg some companies of Metternich with the new levyed forces of the citie went with Commissary Eltzen to the Marquisate of Baden They tooke 12 peeces of ordnance along with them 100 double muskets one wagon laden with match many barrells of Gunpowder great store of Salt-peter and all the Armor of the townsmen that they could lay their hands on so that the Burgers were faine to keepe their watch and ward at the ports and upon the tower with battons barres of iron and such other wepons The Boors were fain to furnish the departing soldiours with horses for their wagons many of which were returned them by Tom Long the caryer Three hundred Swedish are upoÌ„ this thrust into it 4 troops of horse That now wee may the better understand the warres of Alsatia and this part of the Palatinate we shall doe well to looke into the neighbour Dukedome of Wirtemberg and Circle of Schwaben from whence the Imperialists came into these quarters Duke Iulius * His yong Cosin was not yet comne to the government as He since is Hee yet was with his mother at Geneva to keepe out of the Emperors reach to whom by agreement of Duke Julius with Furstenburg they were to have
Wirtembergs countrie Leaving therefore a sufficient part of the Armie with the Rhinegrave for keeping what was conquered in Alsatia he the eighteenth of December passes the Rhine at Schona to goe against the Bavarians about the Danubie These he quickly made to finde the way over their Lech againe and since then with the assistance of Duke Bernard and Banier hath forced quite out of Bavaria to another part of the Danubie even their old starting holes of Ingolstat and of Regenspurg But this prosecution I meane not to meddle with Turne we back now to the Landgrave of Hesseus victories THE ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE LANDGRAVE OF HESSEN From the time of his receiving some aides from the King of Sweden at Werben untill his joyning with the said King againe about the Ringaw A Storie of some 3 moneths THat our Reader may not mistake the chief person in the Action t is Landgrave William of Hessen-Cassel whom wee treate of Son and heire unto that so famous and learned Prince Maurice of Hessen who was yet alive at Franckford banisht from his owne Estate by the Emperor The chiefe of the quarrell which the Emperor had to him was for his Religion and some Church-lands The Landgraves complaint against the Emperor againe was for a Sentence partly by Caesar passed against him Anno 1623 by which the towne and Universitie of Maxpurg in Hessen were adjudged away from him unto his Cozin the Landgrave Lodowick of Hessen Darmstat a Lutherane by profession and not so point blanck opposite unto the Catholicke partie and whose sonne hath been a diligent instrument of the Emperors to draw the King of Sweden to a Treatie when he lay at Mentz and still works with his Father in Law the Elector of Saxonie to the same purpose Of this Imperiall Sentence the Elector of Cullen with him of Saxonie had been one of the Commissioners and Executioners which made the Landgrave stomack him After that the businesse of Germany became on the Catholicke side a Leaguer-warre and a Quarrell of Religion then were the Protestants on all hands laid at by these Leaguers as well as by the Emperor every of them flying upon his next neighbour Whereas therefore the Landgrave had chiefely been borne downe by the Electors of Mentz and Cullen on the one side and by the neere Abbies of Fulda and Hirschfeld on the other with these he now begins to cry quittance so soone namely as he findes himselfe strong enough and that the King of Sweden had so potently already advanced into Germany To make way therefore for this Landgraves invading of others wee will first shew you how hee cleered his owne Countrey at home even then infested by the Imperialists About the beginning of September 1631 as in our First Part wee have told you the Landgrave returnes from the King of Sweden with some aides for the guard of his owne Countrey and that gallant Cavalier Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar was also at this time with him The Landgrave being returned first musters up an Armie of some 4000 Foot whereof 3600 were old soldiers the rest traind Boores and amongst them 3 Companies of hardie Forrestiers and Huntsmen of which last kinde of people the Princes of these woodie countries have a great multitude To these 4000 Foot were 1000 Horse and 2 peeces of ordnance joyned His quarrell seemed chiefely to be intended against the Bishopricks and Abby-lands which was as crosse as might be unto the late Imperiall Decree of Ratisbone And not so onely but even against the Imperiall familie also The Emperors second sonne Prince Rodolph William was now Abbot of Hirschfeld in Hessen-land next neighbour unto the Landgraves owne possessions This yong Prince upon the resignation of his Unckle the Archduke Leopold was made Priest and had his Bishopricks of Passaw and Strasburg in lieu of which the Archduke was made Administrator of all the lands of the house of Gratz of which this Emperor is in Alsatia Tirole c. This Princely yong Priest was in the yeare 1628 chosen Abbot of Hirschfeld aforesaid and should have beene Archbishop of Madenburg also whose missing of it was the destruction of that goodly Citie He had the Abby of Hirschfeld with condition that the Landgraves right unto the Citie and the Citizens freedome of religion should be reserved The present Abbot and Prince of Fulda was one Iohn Bernard Schenck of Schweinsberg Elected Anno 1623. who by the Title of his Abby is likewise one of the Princes of the Empire To the towne of Fulda hath the Landgrave some pretences also This towne of Hirschfeld and the Abby-lands about it being upon the river Fulda in the very heart of Hassia were since these warres still guarded by some Imperiall forces and military men for the most part being nothing daintie of committing Actions of Trespasses had trenched with the furthest upon the Landgraves Royalties and the Cities priviledges This was another of the greevances Towards this Hirschfeld therefore so soon as he came from the King the Landgrave converts his forces He cleeres Hirschfeld The Generall Fugger was already gone out of his countrey hasting to be one at the Battle of Leipsich by which meanes had the Landgrave the better opportunity to bring the place to a composition That done he about the middle of the moneth advances Westward unto Fritzlar with the 5000 men afore mentioned This handsome towne though scituated upon the river Eder within the boūds of Hassia close unto the Frontiers of Waldeck yet belonged it unto the Archbishop Elector of Mentz and had beene often heretofore quarrelled at by the former Landgraves The garrison answeres his summons as if they held for Iupiter in thunder and lightning namely such as they could make with their ordnance The Landgrave replies as if he had Commission from Vulcan for having gained to the gate by his Approaches he claps to a Petard by that breach his soldiers rush into the City Then would the garrison have compounded Takes Fritzlar but soldiers whose very vocation suffers them not to be too tender-hearted use not when victorious to listen too suddenly to the word Quarter The Execution being over the towne is plundered and doe the Landgrave what he could with his drawn sword to beate off his owne people yet for 2 houres together they flew upon the spoile The Landgrave gave as good order as the present furie would hearken to for the sparing of the Ecclesiasticks for all which a many soldiers came Masking abroade in the Monks and Friers Cowles and Habits the rude Forrestiers perchance mistooke the Monks in their severall Weedes for some strange wilde beasts such as they used to kill in the woods and to goe marching home with the skinnes upon their shoulders The Hassians shewed the more spleene against this towne for that the Governour had scoffed heretofore at their Landgrave had plundered 2 of his dorps in the jurisdiction of Girdersberg and disarmed the soldiers that defended them
it to countenance the cause yet were no publike levyes set on foot to defend it That which broke the plot for the time was the Count of Tillies letters to them not so much for the Reason or Rhetorick in them but for the authoritie of the writer of them an Army is a shrewd Topick-place for to draw arguments from it perswades terribly The Germanes were very well able to distinguish of the obedience unto Caesar which Tilly advised them to have regard unto The thing they were willing withall it was their duty but the degree of obeying was that which most troubled them What Tilly called obedience they feared might prove slaverie they found a contestation in themselves betwixt the keeping of their obedience and the preservation of their liberties and how these two might possibly hold long together was a difference which they had not yet reconciled Thus hath it oftentimes fallen out in the Empire divers Common wealths there having great priviledges they will league one with another and struggle hard to preserve them so that when ever Caesar hath projected great desires then beganne the conflict Better therefore even for both parties is a Monarchie then such an Empire This was the purpose of the Generall letters unto their assemblie MY LORDS c. Tillies Letter I Have to my great wonderment received newes of late of that generall meeting of certaine Protestant Electors Princes and States at the towne of Leipsich and how they have with one consent there agreed to raise a common and a mighty army among them all that they have already gotten together a great power and have more forces daylie in levying Now that these preparations of those princes could not but with great danger be promoted and must of necessitie be the causes of a great distraction they all knew seeing that all private armings which were undertaken without the consent of the Emperor did not only occasion many a sinister suspition among the people but were flatly likewise forbidden to be made by the fundamentall constitutions of the Empire Having assurance therefore of their present consultation at Hamborow for the best way of subscribing unto the said Diet of Leipsich he could not but advise them friendly that in their said consultation they would make this the chiefest of their thoughts how they might preserve their Faith and obedience unto Caesar His advise unto them therefore was that they should be chary of withdrawing themselves from the Emperors service who was their Soveraigne Magistrate but that as faithfull and good subjects they should persevere rather in their due obedience not suffering themselves to be drawne aside unto any contrary undertakings He wisht them seriously to consider withall how that as all their safeties and well-beings did solely and wholly depend upon their Lord the Emperor so on the contrary was there nothing to be expected from other princes and from forrainers especially who meerly intended their owne private but the losing of their priviledges and Commerce the ruine of their States and the necessary drawing on of a publick servitude How frequently hath experience taught us what miserable events hath unevitably befallen those people that have leagued against his Imperiall Majestie and had embroyld themselves in a warre against him For these reasons he nothing hereafter doubted but they would so well consider upon what might follow that these his admonitions which in the sincerity of his soule hee propounded unto them should finde some place among their consultations and that they should not hereafter need any other Monitor to remember them of persevering in their due loyaltie and obedience This if they did it would be a most strong recommendation of them unto Caesar both to continue his grace and favour royall unto them to enfranchise them with more ample priviledges and to doe any thing for the promoting preserving and inlarging of their present conditions and commerces For the doing of all which their continuing in obedience must needs give his Imperiall Majestie a most large occasion May 19. 1631. Your very loving Friend John Count of Tilly. Who can blame an adversarie for using the best Colours and flourishes he can finde to carry his owne cause withall And let this be the glosse to the Generall Tillies reasons that they were pressed by an enemie However their owne feares prevailed with them and what they did next they did more privately Their wills were still good unto the Cause and they underhand promoted the Decrees of Leipsich Thus as the King of Sweden grew stronger they grew more courageous and when the Protestant Princes struck in also with them then was there another assemblie a little more boldly talkt upon Greene wood laid neere the fire naturally shrincks up it selfe contracts its owne pores and opennesse by which the flame might enter it that by a neerer uniting of its parts it might prepare it selfe for resistance The same operation had the burning of Magdenburg now newly this moneth done upon these its neighbour and confederate Cities it did as much arme as terrifie them The King of Sweden also dayly more and more prevailing some of the Princes of this Circle beganne to take Commissions from him to levy and arme for him he became the Protector of their publicke libertie and under him they singly promoted their personall pretences The Duke of Lunenburg as next heire to the Dukedome of Brunswick the present ruling Duke Vlrick having no likelyhood of issue he armes to put in for that which Tilly had almost devoured The Archbishop of Bremen had lost his towne of Stoade and almost all his whole Countrey was now possessed by Imperiall garrisons which Tillie had left there Other Princes yea all of them had the same grievances and all now resolved to recover their Countries The Generall Tilly being throughly now defeated as if the weight of his former reasons had growne lighter with the decay of his power the whole Circle in November following appoint a more generall meeting at the same Hamborow whither all the Bishops Princes and States either came or sent their Ambassadors Here they resolutely conclude for the levying of 3 new Regiments upon the common charges of the Circle the purpose being to cleere the countrey of the new encroached Imperialists The first Regiment was undertaken for by the Archbishop of Bremen the Duchy of Lunenburg and Zella-Brunswick with the Bishopricks of Lubeck Brunswick and Hildesheim This was to consist of 1950 Foot and 127 Horsemen The second Regiment was to be raised by the Dukedom of Mecklenburg the countrey of the Lower Saxonie the Bishoprick of Ratzenburg and the citie of Lubeck which was to bee 1675 Foot and 366 Horse strong The third which was to be of 1448 Foot onely was to be raised and paid by the Dukes of Holstein and the Bishoprick of Schwerin All these were to be joyned to Duke George of Lunenburgs owne Armie he being to be Generall over them The Hamburgers excused themselves from bearing