A RELATION Of the Barbarous and Bloody MASSACRE Of about an hundred thousand PROTESTANTS BEGUN At PARIS and carried on over all FRANCE by the PAPISTS in the Year 1572. Collected out of Mezeray Thuanus and other approved Authors LONDON Printed for Richard Chiswel at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-Yard 1678. A Relation of the Massacre of the Protestants begun in Paris and carried on over all France in the Year 1572. THere are no Principles of Morality more universally received and that make deeper impressions on the minds of all Men that are more necessary for the good of humane Society and do more resemble the Divine Perfections than Truth and Goodness So that if our Saviour denounced a Woe against those who teach Men to break the least of his Commandments what may they look for who design to subvert these that may be justly called the greatest of them That the Church of Rome teaches Barbarity and Cruelty against all who receive not their Opinions and that Hereticks are to be delivered to secular Princes who must burn them without mercy or if they have either Bowels or Conscience so that they will not be the Instruments of their Cruelty that they shall lose their Kingdoms or Dominions is known to all that have read the Decrees of the 4th Council in the Lateran The violation of Publick Faith was also decreed by another of their General Councils at Constance in which notwithstanding the safe conduct that Sigismund had granted to Iohn Husse and Ierome of Prague care was not only taken that they should be burnt but they made it a standing Rule for the time to come That tho Hereticks came to the place of Judgment trusting to their safe conduct and would not have come without it yet the Prince who granted it was under no Obligation by it but the Church might proceed to Censures and Punishment By these Decrees Cruelty and Treachery are become a part of their Doctrine and they may join them to their Creed upon as good Reasons as they can shew for many of their other Additions The Nature of Man is not yet sunk so low as easily to hear these things without horror therefore it is fit they should be kept among the Secrets of their Religion till a fit opportunity appear in which they may serve a turn and then we need not doubt but they will be made use of If any will be so charitable to their Church as not easily to believe this the History of the Parisian Massacre may satisfie them to the full which Thuanus says was a Pitch of Barbarity beyond any thing that former Ages had ever seen And if the Irish Massacre flowing from the same Spirit and the same Principles had not gone beyond it we might have reasonably concluded that it could never be matched again But we may be taught from such Precedents what we ought to expect when ever we are at the mercy of Persons of that Religion who if they be true Sons of the Church of Rome must renounce both Faith and Mercy to all Hereticks I shall give the Relation of this Massacre from that celebrated late Writer of the French History Mr. de Mezeray only adding some Passages out of Thuanus Davila and others where he is defective But I shall premise a short representation of the Civil Wars of France which are made use of as the Arguments for justifying that Cruelty and by which they do still blemish the Protestant Religion as teaching Rebellion against Princes During the Reign of Francis the 1st and Henry the 2d the Protestant Religion got great footing in France the usual severities of the Church of Rome were then employed to extirpate it yet tho their Numbers were very great and the Persecution most severe they made no resistance But upon the death of Henry the 2d Catherine de Medici the Queen Mother with the Cardinal of Lorrain and the Duke of Guise took the Government in their Hands pretending that the King Francis the 2d was of Age being then sixteen The Princes of the Blood on the other hand alleadged That the Kingdom ought to be under a Regency till the King was at least 22 Years of Age Since Charles the 6th had been admitted at that Age to the Government as a particular mark of their esteem of him So that tho the Age of Majority was at 25 Years and that was a singular exception from a general Rule yet at furthest it shewed that the King could not assume the Government before he was two and twenty It was also an undoubted Right of the Princes of the Blood to hold the Regency during the Minority of their Kings and to administer it by the Direction of the Parliaments and the Assembly of the States Upon these Points many things were written on both sides The Princes of the Blood pretended they were excluded from the Government against Law and upon that were projecting how to possess themselves of the Power which with the Person of the King were violently kept from them But the Prince of Conde being advised to it by Coligny then Admiral of France did also declare for mitigating the Severities against the Protestants This being the Case that the Point was truly disputable no Man can blame the Protestants for joining with their Friends against their Enemies And yet this Plot was driven no further than an endeavour to take the King out of the Hands of his Mother and the Brothers of Lorrain who were all Foreigners The chief Promoter of it was a Papist Renaudy and it was discovered by Avennelles who tho he was most firm to his Religion being a Protestant yet having an aversion to all Plots revealed it out of scruple of Conscience Soon after this Discovery Francis the 2d died and his Brother that succeeded him Charles the 9th was without dispute under Age he not being then full eleven years old And according to the resolution of many great Lawyers in the case of his Brother the Kingdom ought to have been under a Regency during all the Wars that preceded the Massacre for he was then but two and twenty At first it was agreed to that the King of Navarre as the first Prince of the Blood ought to be Regent but he being wrought on by the Queen Mother and her Party and drawn over to them the Lawyers were again set to examine How far the Power of the Regent did extend Many published their Opinions That the other Princes of the Blood ought to have their share in the Regency and that the Regents might be checkt by the Courts of Parliaments and were subject to an Assembly of the States The chief Point of State then under Consideration was What way to proceed with the Protestants whose Numbers grew daily and were now more considerable having such powerful Heads A severe Edict came out against them in Iuly 1561 condemning all Meetings for Religious Worship except those that
were celebrated with the Rites of the Church of Rome banishing all the Protestant Ministers and appointing the Bishops to proceed against Hereticks with this only mitigation of former Cruelties That Banishment should be the highest Punishment But the Nation could not bear the Execution of this So next Ianuary there was a great Assembly called of the Princes of the Blood the Privy Counsellors and eight Courts of Parliament in which the Edict that carried the name of the Month was passed By it the free exercise of that Religion was tolerated and the Magistrates were required to punish all who should hinder or interrupt it Not long after that the Duke of Guise did disturb a Meeting of Protestants at Vassy as he was on his Journey to Paris his Servants began with reproachful words and from these they went to blows It ended in a throwing of Stones one of which hurt the Duke but that was severely revenged about 60 were killed and 200 wounded no Age or Sex being spared Upon this he encouraged the violation of the Edict every where so that it was universally broken The King of Navarre joined with him in these Courses but the Prince of Conde that was next to him in the Royal Blood declared for the Edicts Many great Lawyers were of opinion That the Regents Power was not so vast as to suspend or break the Edict and that therefore the People might follow any Person much more the next Prince of the Blood in defence of it This Plea was yet stronger before the Year ended for the King of Navarre being killed the Prince of Conde was then by the Law of France the Rightful Regent So that all the Wars that followed afterwards till the Year 1570 had this to be said for them That in the Opinion of very Learned Men the King was all that while under Age that the Edicts were broken the Kingdom governed by a Woman and Foreigners against Law and that the lawful Regent was excluded from the Government which made King Iames whose Judgment is not to be suspected in this Case always justify the Protestants in France and excuse them from Rebellion This is a piece of History little understood and generally made use of to blemish the Reformation therefore I thought it necessary to introduce the following Relation with this just account of these Wars that were the pretended grounds with which the House of Guise covered their own Ambition and hatred of the Family of Burbon After France had suffered all the Miseries which a course of Civil Wars for ten years together carries after it the King was advised to set on foot a Treaty of Peace not so much out of a design to quiet Matters by a happy settlement as to ensnare the Protestants into some fatal Trap in which they being catched might be safely and easily destroyed The chief Authors of this advice were the Queen Mother the Cardinal of Lorrain the Duke of Nevers the Count of Rets and Birague the last three were Italians and so better fitted both for designing and carrying on so wicked a Council to which the Duke of Anjou afterwards Henry the third was also admitted They said the extirpation of Heresy might be done much cheaper than by a Civil War It was fit first to grant the Protestants what conditions they desired then to treat them with all possible kindness by which their Jealousies were to be once extinguished and a confidence being begotten in them then to draw the chief Heads of the Party to Court upon some specious Attractive and there they were sure of them The first Bait to be offered was the marriage of the King's Sister to the King of Navarre and if that succeded not they were to invent still a new one till they found that which would do the Business All the danger of this Council was that the Pope and the King of Spain would be much provok'd by it and there might be some hazard of Tumults among the zealous People of France if the King seemed to favour the Hereticks too much But they reckoned that when the Design took effect all who might be discontented with the appearance of favour shewed to them would be well satisfied and the more the Pope and Spaniard complained of it it would advance their chief end of creating a confidence in the Protestants more effectually Thus were their Councils laid The Room in which this was first projected was the Council-Chamber of Blois where 16 years after the Duke of Guise was killed by Henry the third's orders And it was more fully concluded in that Chamber at St. Glou where the same Henry the third was murdered by a Dominican The Design being agreed on the Queen-Mother made some of her Spies among the Protestants assure them that she hated the King of Spain mortally both on her Daughters account that was his Queen and as was universally believed had been poysoned by his Orders as also upon the consideration of her own Family of Florence to which the Spaniard was then an uneasy Neighbour and designed to take the Territory of Siena out of their Hands It was reasonable enough to believe that upon such Motives a Woman of her temper would set on a War with Spain The King did also express a great inclination to the same War and to undertake the Protection of the Netherlands which were then under the Tyranny of the Duke of Alva's Government This wanted not a fair pretence Flanders having been formerly subject to the Crown of France He also seemed weary of the greatness of the Duke of Guise and his party which a Civil War did still encrease The King and the Queen-Mother employed also in these Messages Biron Momorancy Cosse and others who were Men of great Integrity and had much friendship for the Queen of Navarre and the Admiral that were the Heads of the Protestant Party The Queen of Navarre was sensible of the great advantages her Son would receive from such an Alliance An Army was also promised her for the recovery of her Kingdom from the Spaniard which had been easily regained if the Crown of France had assisted her since the Southern parts of France were almost all Protestants who would have willingly served her against Spain Only she being a most Religious Woman had great apprehensions of the unlawfulness at least the extream danger of matching her Son to one of a different Religion therefore she took some time to consider of that part of the Proposition The Admiral was very weary of the Civil War it both ruined his Countrey and slackened the discipline of War which he had formerly observed with a Roman Severity He thought the Conquest of the Netherlands would be an easy and a great accession to the Crown he knew there was none so likely to be employed in it as himself and he was resolved to carry all the Souldiers of the Religion with him And being Admiral he also designed to raise the greatness of the
Maid and the Fuzee which the Murderer left behind him when he made his escape The King was in the Tenis-Court when the news were brought him He personated a deep resentment and said in a Tone that seemed full of affliction and with a terrible Oath Shall I never have quiet and so threw away his Racquet and went out in a rage The Duke of Guise did also counterfeit some Surprise But they missed their designs both ways for neither was the Admiral killed nor did the Protestants fly out into any disorder The King of Navarre and the Prince of Conde came upon this to the King to complain and desired leave to go out of Town since Men were not safe so near the Court. The King seemed to resent it more than they did and with the horriblest Oaths he could think of swore he would execute such a Revenge on all that were found guilty of it whoever they were that it should never be forgotten and desired them to stay and be Witnesses of it The Queen-Mother made also shew of inflaming his Rage with most vehement Expressions so that they were persuaded to stay The King ordered the Murderer to be pursued the two Servants to be Examined and all the Gates of Paris except two to be kept shut The Admirals carriage on this occasion was suitable to the rest of his behaviour and equal to what the greatest Heroe's had ever shewed Ambrose Parè the famous Surgeon dressed his Wound he made the Incision into his Arm that he might take out the Bullet and did cut off his Finger for fear of a Gangreen But his Scissars not being sharp enough he put him to extream pain and did not cut it off but at the third reprise during all which the Admiral expressed no impatience nor anger But as Parè told Thuanus he said to Mr. Maur a Minister that stood by Now I perceive that I am beloved of God since I suffer these Wounds for his most holy Name And during the Operation he often repeated these words O my God sorsake me not and withdraw not thy wonted Favour from me And whispered one that was holding his Arm in the Ear that he should distribute an hundred Crowns among the poor of Paris Next day Danivil Cosse and Villars came to visit and comfort him but confessed it was needless for he expressed great resolution of mind and readiness to die only he desired to see the King and speak with him before he died Damvil and Teligny the Admirals Son in Law carried this Message to the King who very readily yielded to it The Queen-Mother apprehending the great Genius of the Admiral and fearing lest he should turn her Son to better Councils would needs go with the King His two Brothers with twelve of the chief Persons in the Court waited also on him to make a shew of putting the more Honour on the Admiral but really to watch the King that he might have no opportunity of speaking with him alone When the King came to his Bed-side he expressed the greatest tenderness possible and in his Looks and the tone of his Voice counterfeited a most profound sorrow and said to him You my Father have received the Wound but I feel the smart of it and will punish it in so severe a manner that the like was never seen The Admiral thanked him and told him By his Wound he might well perceive who were the Authors of the Troubles of France He pressed him earnestly to go on with the War in Flanders and not leave all those Gallant Persons to the Duke of Alva's Insolence and Cruelty who had trusted to his Protection He complained of the Violation of the Edict in several parts of France and desired the King to consider how much it concerned him both in Honour and Interest to keep his Faith inviolated The King gave him full assurances of this but avoided the discourse of Flanders and with repeated Oaths told him he would punish this Fact against him as if it had been done against himself Then the Admiral desired to speak privately with the King which lasted not long for the Queen-Mother apprehending what the subject of his Discourse might be came to the Bed-side and told the King that so long a Conversation would much endanger the Admirals health and so broke it off Yet it seems as short as it was it made some Impression for when she asked the King what it was that he had said to him He answered He had advised him to Reign himself and he was resolved to follow it When this was over the King asked the Admirals Friends and the Physicians many questions about his Health and proposed for his greater security the carrying him to the Louvre But the Physicians said he could not be safely removed So after he had staied an hour he left him during which time he acted the part he intended to play so well that all the Witnesses were satisfied with the Sincerity and Passion he expressed The Court of Parliament examined the Maid and Lackquey that were taken in the House from whence he was shot about the Murtherer and many presumptions appeared against the Duke of Guise whose Servants they found had brought him to that House and had provided an Horse for his escape The King wrote that same day both to his Ambassadours in forreign parts and to the Governours of the Provinces shewing them what had befallen the Admiral and how much he resented it The next day being the 23d the Duke of Guise and his Uncle the Duke of Aumale came and desired leave to go out of Town The King by his Looks and Carriage seemed to abhor them and said they might do what they pleased but as they went away he said they might go whither they would but he should find them out if they appeared to be guilty of that Fact And so they mounted on Horse-back and rode to the Port St. Anthony as if they had intended to go out of Town but came back to Guise-house and began to raise a great stir in Paris They called many about them and sent their Agents all over the Town and sent Arms to divers places When News of this was brought to the Admiral he sent to the King to desire a Guard so 50 were sent under the Command of Cosseins one of his bitterest Enemies But to cover the matter better some of the King of Navarres Swisses were sent to Guard within his House The King did also order all the Papists that lay near his House to remove their Lodgings that the Protestants might have conveniency to be about him and gather together if there should be any Tumult He also desired the King of Navarre and the Prince of Conde would gather about them their best Friends that they might be prepared to defend themselves in case the Duke of Guise should raise any disorders All this seemed not only sincere but kind and by these Arts were the Protestants not only secured from
murdered but those were chiefly Monorancy his Friends who were thought cold in the matter of Religion The most enraged of their Blood-hounds were Tanchou Pesou and Crosier a Goldsmith the two former drove many to the Mills and forced them to leap from thence into the River Pesou boasted to the King himself that he had made an hundred and fifty leap that night And Thuanus says he often heard Crosier say That with that Hand he had killed 400 by which it seems he was thought so sanctified that he would live no longer a common life but as a sacred Person went to an Hermitage where yet his cruelty left him not for during the Warrs of the League he drew a Flemish Merchant into his Cell and murdered him there Thus were the Protestants destroyed in Paris with a Treachery and Cruelty that the uncivilized Nations had never shewed to one another nor had the Heathens been ever guilty of any thing like it towards the Christians The Precedent which the Church of Rome had formerly given in the Massare of the Albigenses was the likest thing in History to it for Barbarity but never had Treachery and Cruelty met together in such a manner before this execrable day At Court all those generous Impressions which follow noble Blood seemed extinguished Men threw off Humanity and Women had neither compassion nor modesty The Queen-Mother and her Ladies took pleasure to look upon the most detestable Objects and greedily beheld some obscene and indecent sights but it is not fit to write all that was then done About nine of the Clock the King sent for the King of Navarre and the Prince of Conde and told them he was forced to use that severe Remedy to put an end to War and Rebellion and had therefore destroyed those whom he could not induce to obey And for them tho he had good reason to hate them mortally since they had led on a Rebellion against him yet in consideration of their Blood and Alliance he was resolved to spare them if they would change their Religion otherwise they must look for no better usage than their Servants had met with The King spake this with great rage so that the King of Navarre being terrified said That if the King would save their lives and leave them their Consciences free they should in all other things be commanded by him But the Prince of Conde answered more boldly That he might dispose of his Life and Estate as he pleased but for his Religion he owed an account of it to God alone from whom he had received the knowledg of it This resolute Answer put the King in such a rage that after he had treated him with most abusive language he swore That if he did not change within three days he should hang for it And so ordered them to be strictly guarded At the same time there were Expresses dispatched over all France to set on the People both in the Towns and Country to imitate the example of the Parisians and destroy the Hereticks Yet the King either out of some remorse or shame wrote to his Ambassadours and the Governours of the Provinces that same day That the Duke of Guise and others that adhered him having a great interest in the City of Paris and apprehending that the Admirals Friends were resolved to revenge his Wound had therefore both to secure themselves and to prosecute their former Quarrels raised the City of Paris and had broke through the Guards set to defend the Admiral and killed him and many other Persons of Quality the rage of the People being such that the King's Guards could do nothing to repress it Therefore he was forced to keep himself within the Louvre but had as soon as was possible quieted the Town so that all things were put in order again and he was resolved still to maintain his Edict made for the free Exercise of their Religion Veremundus has printed the Copies of the Letters directed to the Governours of Burgundy and Tourain and to the Town of Bourges with the Memorial sent to the Swiss Cantons all to the same purpose bearing date the 24th of August And in another Letter the King wrote That he had made up a new agreement with the King of Navarre and the Prince of Conde and was resolved to run the same hazard with them for revenging the death of his Cousin the late Admiral But the House of Guise would not bear this and made the King own that all was done by his express Orders So on the 26th of August the King went to the Court of Parliament and after an invidious repetition of all the Troubles of his Reign which yet he said he intended to have quieted by the late Treaty of Peace he discovered that the Admiral had conspired to kill him his Brothers and the King of Navarre and to set up the young Prince of Conde whom he also designed afterwards to kill that so the whole Royal Family being destroyed he might make himself King and since extream Diseases required extream Remedies he was forced to do what he had done and concluded that all was done by his express Order and Command Thuanus the Father tho he abhorred the thing yet out of fear and compliance made a base flattering Speech of the necessity of dissimulation in Princes and did much commend that saying of Lewis the 11th He who knows not how to Dissemble knows not how to Reign And Pibrac the Attourney General ' moved the King that the Declaration he had made ' might be entred in their Registers and that strict Orders might be given to put an end to the Blood and Confusion with which the City was filled Both which the King ordered to be done The Declaration which was thereupon published on the 28th is printed by Veremundus By it the King charged all Persons under pain of Death through the whole Kingdom to do no injury to the Protestants And at the same time declared it Capital for the Protestants to have any Assemblies This was believed to be done rather on design to destroy than save the Hugonets That they being out of apprehension of danger might stay all at Home and so be more easily Massacred On the 28th of August a Jubilee was granted to all who had been in this Butchery and they were commanded to go every where to Church and bless God for the success of that Action So little relenting had they after all these black Crimes that they imagined they had done God good service And to that height did their Impudence rise that they presumed to address to that Merciful Being who abhors cruel and blood-thirsty Men and that with hands not only defiled with Blood but boasting of it as a Sacrifice offered to God which had been a fitter Oblation to him that was a Lyar and a Murderer from the beginning than the God of Truth and Father of Mercies One remarkable Passage fell out which occasioned much Discourse and was variously
Crown both at Sea and in the New-found World which was then sending over an incredible deal of Wealth to Spain in which the Spaniards who had landed in Florida and killed a Colony of the French that was setled there had given just cause to make War upon them Therefore as he had often expressed his being so averse to a Civil War that he could no longer look on and see the Miseries it brought on his Country so he was made believe the King did in good earnest intend to assist the Flemings which being both against the Spaniard and in defence of those of the same Religion he would by no means hinder Upon these Considerations there was a Peace concluded between the King and the Protestants by which the free exercise of their Religion was granted some Cautionary Towns were also put in their Hands to be kept by them two years till there were a full settlement made of the Edicts and the other things agreed to for their Security The King acted his part with all the Artifice possible he became much kinder to the Family of Momorancy and the rest of the Admirals Friends and seemed to neglect those of Lorrain He threatned the Parliament of Paris because they made some difficulty in passing the Edict in favours of the Protestants He went secretly to meet with Lewis Count of Nassaw and treated with him about the Wars of the Netherlands He married the Emperors Daughter who was thought a Protestant in his Heart He entred in a Confederacy with Q. Elizabeth and the Cardinal of Chastilion the Admirals Brother who had renounced his red Hat and turned a Protestant being then in England was employed to set on Foot a Treaty of Marriage between the Duke of Anjou and the Queen A Peace was also made with the Princes of the Empire And tho both the Spanish Ambassador and the Legat did all they could to hinder the Peace and the Marriage of the King of Navarre yet they seemed to make no account of that at Court Only the King gave the Legat great assurances of his Fidelity to the Apostolick See and that all that he was doing was for the interest of the Catholick Religion And taking him one day by the Hand He desired him to assure the Pope that his design in this Marriage was that he might be revenged on those that were Enemies to God and Rebels against himself and that he would either punish them severely and out them all in pieces or lose his Crown All which he would do in compliance with the Advices he had received from the Pope who had continually set him on to destroy them and he saw no way of doing it so securely as by getting them once to trust him having tryed all other methods in vain And for a pledg of his Faith he offered him a Ring of great value which the Legate refused to take pretending that he never took Presents from any Prince and that the Word of so great a King was a better security than any Pledge whatsoever Upon all these demonstrations of Friendship made to the Protestants it was no wonder if Persons of such candour as the Queen of Navarre and the Admiral were deceived The Admiral went first to Court where he was received by the King with the greatest shew of kindness and respect that was possible He embraced him thrice laid his Cheek to his squeezed his Hands called him Father and left nothing undone that might possess him with a firm Opinion of his Friendship Nor was the Queen-Mother less officious to express her kindness to him He was allowed to keep fifty Armed Gentlemen about him An hundred thousand Franks were sent him for furnishing his Houses that had been spoiled during the Wars And which was more than all the rest when Complaints were carried by him to the King of some who violated the Edicts great Insolencies being committed in many places the King ordered them to be exemplarily punished So that there was a general repining over all France at the King's kindness to him The King had also told him that now he had got him near him he would never suffer him to leave him any more The Design succeeding so well on the Admiral the Proposition of the Marriage was also carried on and the Queen of Navarre was next brought to Court but soon after died as was generally believed of Poison that was given her in some perfumed Gloves to conceal which the Chirurgeons that opened her would not touch her Head but pretended she died of an Imposthume in her side The Cardinal of Chastilion was also at that time poisoned which tho afterwards confessed by him that had done it yet was not then so much as suspected The King seemed more and more set on the War in Flanders He sent both to England and Germany to consult about the Preparatious for it and had agreed with the Prince of Orange about the Division of the Netherlands That all on their side of Antwerp should come to the Crown of France And what lay on the other side of it should belong to the States He sent a Protestant his Ambassadour to Constantinople to engage the Grand Signior unto a War with Spain He also furnished the Count of Nassaw with Mony and sent some of his best Captains with him to try if they could surprize any Towns near the Frontier who did their part so dextrously that Mons was surprized by the Count of Nassaw and Valenciennes by La Noiie according to Mezeray tho he seems to be mistaken as to Valenciennes for Thuanus and Davila say nothing of it but mention Mons only And Veremundus Frisius who wrote the History of that Massacre the year after says That they missed their Design in surprising Valenciennes upon which they went to Mons and carried it Upon this all reckoned that the King was now engaged and the War begun So the King of Navarre and the Prince of Conde were brought to Court and received with all the Marks of a firm Friendship that could be invented A Dispensation was obtained from the new Pope for the Marriage Veremundus says Pope Pius the 5th had always opposed it but upon the Cardinal of Alexandria's return to Rome who went to assist in the Conclave where Gregory the 13th was chosen the new Pope easily granted the Bull which was believed to have flowed from the Information he received from that Cardinal of the King's Design in this Marriage which to be sure his Holiness would neither obstruct nor delay So the Bull being sent to the Cardinal of Burbon the day was set and the chief heads of the Protestants were all drawn into Paris partly to assist at the solemnities of a Marriage which they hoped would put an end to all their troubles partly to get Charges in the Army which all People believed would be commanded by the Admiral Only many of the hottest of them had followed Ienlis and La Noiie into Flanders where it