thomas_n radcliffe_n sir_n edward_n norris_n anthony_n cook_n sir_n john_n packington_n george_n giffard_n richard_n ward_n euerard_n digbie_n sir_n edward_n deny_v sir_n william_n hatton_n thomas_n vavisor_n henry_n nowell_n sir_n john_n borrowe_n sir_n george_n carew_n anthony_n mildmay_n thomas_n gerrard_n edward_n winter_n sir_n charles_n blunt_z william_n gressam_fw-la john_n wotton_n john_n parker_n francis_n darcie_n robert_n carie._n sir_n edward_n wingfield_n john_n chidley_n sir_n philip_n butler_n richard_n skipwith_n pecksall_a brocas_n william_n harvey_n thomas_n sidney_n jarue_v clifton_n richard_n acton_n my_o meaning_n be_v here_o to_o have_v insert_v all_o the_o speech_n emblem_n devise_n posy_n and_o other_o compliment_n use_v in_o all_o challenge_n &_o other_o public_a exercise_n of_o arm_n since_o her_o majesty_n reign_n but_o for_o want_v of_o observation_n or_o rather_o lack_v of_o some_o sufficient_a man_n to_o have_v set_v they_o present_o down_o those_o thing_n can_v be_v recover_v henceforth_o that_o defect_n be_v like_a to_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o dextrous_a hand_n of_o master_n w._n seagar_n now_o call_v somerset_n one_o of_o her_o maiesties-herehaults_a a_o gentleman_n both_o learned_a and_o language_v and_o therewith_o also_o by_o his_o own_o hand_n able_a to_o express_v in_o demonstration_n with_o great_a art_n and_o excellency_n who_o mind_n be_v whole_o bend_v to_o her_o majesty_n service_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o she_o court_n the_o ceremony_n appertein_v to_o the_o delivery_n of_o prize_n at_o just_n and_o turniment_n cap._n 12._o at_o any_o public_a triumph_n before_o the_o king_n it_o seem_v the_o use_n have_v heretofore_o be_v that_o the_o prize_n of_o best_a desert_n shall_v be_v give_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o queen_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n presence_n but_o first_o a_o solemn_a proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o herehault_n to_o this_o effect_n o_o yes_o o_o yes_o o_o yes_o be_v it_o know_v to_o all_o man_n by_o these_o present_n that_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o most_o high_a most_o excellent_a and_o most_o puissant_a prince_n h._n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n france_n and_o ireland_n etc._n etc._n that_o of_o those_o which_o have_v ju_v on_o the_o challenger_n side_n a.b._n have_v deserve_v the_o prize_n and_o to_o he_o let_v the_o same_o be_v give_v as_o due_a by_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o queen_n with_o the_o assent_n of_o her_o lady_n gentlewoman_n and_o all_o other_o of_o her_o highness_n court_n here_o present_a likewise_o on_o the_o party_n of_o defender_n c.d._n have_v ju_v well_o e.f._n better_a but_o g.h._n best_a of_o all_o unto_o who_o the_o prize_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o most_o mighty_a most_o excellent_a and_o virtuous_a princess_n with_o consent_n aforesaid_a this_o be_v the_o form_n of_o deliver_v the_o prize_n at_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o triumphant_a just_n perform_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o francis_n the_o french_a king_n with_o their_o nobility_n and_o gentleman_n of_o arm_n at_o their_o interviewe_n in_o picardy_n where_o the_o proclamation_n in_o form_n aforesaid_a be_v pronounce_v in_o english_a and_o french_a which_o by_o favour_n of_o master_n garter_n i_o have_v see_v record_v it_o seem_v in_o elder_a time_n the_o use_n be_v that_o the_o prince_n do_v give_v a_o letter_n of_o attestation_n to_o such_o person_n as_o wan_a any_o prize_n either_o in_o combat_n for_o life_n or_o honour_n for_o myself_o have_v read_v such_o a_o one_o grant_v by_o a_o king_n of_o france_n unto_o a_o italian_a gentl._n in_o these_o word_n follow_v whereunto_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v add_v a_o great_a and_o honourable_a ceremony_n no_o i_o filippo_n per_fw-la gratia_fw-la di_fw-it dio_fw-mi re_fw-mi di_fw-mi franza_n etc._n etc._n notifichiammo_fw-la a_o tutti_n coloro_fw-la a_o quali_fw-la perverranno_fw-mi queste_n nostre_fw-fr littere_fw-la et_fw-la che_fw-it lo_o haranno_fw-mi ah_o grado_fw-it et_fw-la in_fw-la piacere_fw-la e_fw-it generalment_fw-it a_fw-fr imperadori_fw-es re_n duchi_n marchesi_n conti_n principi_fw-la nobili_fw-la cavalierie_a gentilhuomini_fw-la come_v havendo_fw-la noi_fw-it celebrato_fw-la le_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr feste_fw-la a_o honore_fw-la a_o laud_n &_o a_o gloria_fw-la di_fw-it nostro_fw-la signior_n dio_fw-mi &_o ad_fw-la honore_fw-la di_fw-it tutti_n i_fw-it cavalieri_fw-la che_fw-it sono_fw-la venuti_fw-la a_o combattere_n a_o tutto_fw-mi transito_fw-la in_o questo_fw-la honorato_fw-mi passo_fw-la di_fw-it armi_fw-la vogliamo_fw-la che_fw-it siano_fw-it riconosciuti_fw-la coloro_fw-la che_fw-it si_fw-mi saranno_fw-mi valorosament_fw-it portati_fw-la senza_fw-it esser_fw-it mai_fw-gr vinti_fw-la pure_a una_fw-la volta_n poi_n che_fw-it si_fw-mi debbe_fw-it there_fw-mi l'honore_fw-la a_o chi_fw-mi merita_fw-la &_o ch'e_a senza_n menda_fw-la pero_n per_fw-la queste_n ordoniammo_fw-la commandiammo_fw-la e_fw-la sententiammo_fw-la che_fw-mi a_o gloria_fw-la a_o honore_fw-la a_o laud_n &_o a_o fama_fw-la del_fw-it egregio_fw-la e_fw-la virtuoso_fw-la cavalier_n n._n esso_fw-it siam_fw-it publicato_fw-la in_fw-it tutti_n quatro_fw-la i_fw-it cantoni_fw-la dell_fw-it lizze_n &_o sbarre_v da_fw-mi i_fw-it re_fw-mi d'_fw-fr armi_fw-la araldi_n &_o passavanti_fw-la con_fw-mi trombette_v e_fw-la sonatori_fw-la con_fw-mi consitimento_fw-mi nostro_fw-la &_o delli_fw-it giudici_fw-la del_fw-it campo_fw-it rappresentanti_fw-la la_fw-fr persona_fw-la nostra_fw-la per_fw-la lo_o migliore_fw-la di_fw-it tutti_n i_fw-it cavalieri_fw-la de_fw-la nostro_fw-la regno_fw-la et_fw-la commandiammo_fw-la che_fw-it siam_fw-it posto_fw-it sopra_fw-la un_fw-it cavallo_fw-la tutto_fw-mi bianco_n e_fw-it che_fw-it tutti_n coloro_fw-la che_fw-it vi_fw-it si_fw-mi truoveranno_fw-mi cosi_fw-it donne_fw-fr come_v huomini_fw-la vengono_fw-la con_fw-mi esso_fw-it noi_fw-it tutti_n a_o piedi_n e_fw-it siam_fw-it fatta_fw-it processione_n generale_fw-mi e._n n._n vada_fw-la sotto_n il_fw-it baldacchino_fw-it fino_fw-la alla_fw-mi chiesa_fw-mi appresso_fw-la commandiammo_fw-la &_o ordoniammo_fw-la che_fw-it uscendo_fw-la della_fw-it chieâ—â—_n si_fw-la vada_fw-la per_fw-la tutte_n le_fw-fr lizze_v &_o sbarre_v e._n n._n ne_fw-la prenda_fw-la la_fw-fr possessione_n e_fw-la per_fw-la i_fw-it re_fw-mi d'_fw-fr armi_fw-la gli_fw-la siano_fw-it date_n tutte_o le_fw-fr chiavi_fw-la dell_fw-it debt_n lizze_n insegno_fw-la di_fw-mi vittoria_fw-la et_fw-la ancora_fw-la commandiammo_fw-la che_fw-it siano_fw-it celebrate_v feste_fw-la che_fw-it durino_fw-it quindeci_fw-la giorni_fw-la a_o laud_n &_o gloria_fw-la del_fw-it vittorioso_fw-it n._n e_o perch_n ciascuno_fw-it conosca_fw-la la_fw-it real_n verità _fw-la di_fw-it questo_fw-la fatto_fw-it habbiamo_fw-la segnata_fw-la la_fw-fr present_n carta_fw-la con_v colour_n vermiglio_fw-it èsuggellata_fw-la co'l_n nostro_fw-la real_a suggillo_fw-la data_fw-la nella_fw-it nostra_fw-la citta_o di_fw-mi parigi_n a_o 4._o the_z luglio_n etc._n etc._n the_o same_o in_o english_a philip_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o france_n etc._n etc._n be_v it_o know_v to_o all_o man_n unto_o who_o these_o letter_n shall_v come_v and_o to_o every_o other_o person_n that_o take_v delight_n or_o pleasure_n in_o arm_n and_o general_o to_o all_o emperor_n king_n duke_n marquis_n earl_n prince_n baron_n &_o other_o gentleman_n that_o we_o have_v celebrate_v a_o solemn_a triumph_n to_o the_o honour_n praise_n and_o glory_n of_o god_n and_o the_o commendation_n of_o such_o as_o do_v fight_v in_o this_o honourable_a action_n of_o arm_n and_o be_v desirous_a that_o they_o who_o have_v valorouslie_o perform_v their_o part_n without_o receive_v blame_n or_o disgrace_n shall_v be_v know_v to_o the_o end_n honour_n may_v be_v give_v to_o every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o merit_n therefore_o we_o have_v hereby_o ordain_v command_v and_o judge_v for_o the_o everlasting_a honour_n praise_n and_o glory_n of_o the_o excellent_a and_o virtuous_a gentleman_n n._n his_o name_n shall_v be_v proclaim_v in_o every_o of_o the_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o list_n or_o place_n of_o just_n by_o the_o king_n of_o arm_n the_o herehault_n and_o pursivant_n with_o our_o allowance_n and_o by_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o field_n represent_v our_o person_n let_v all_o man_n thereby_o to_o know_v that_o the_o say_v n._n be_v the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o virtuous_a gentleman_n of_o arm_n in_o all_o our_o kingdom_n we_o moreover_o command_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v mount_v upon_o a_o white_a horse_n and_o that_o every_o person_n present_a aswell_o woman_n as_o man_n shall_v with_o we_o follow_v he_o in_o procession_n on_o fâ—ote_n &_o that_o the_o say_v n._n shall_v ride_v under_o a_o canopy_n unto_o the_o church_n we_o likewise_o ordain_v and_o command_v that_o in_o return_n from_o the_o church_n we_o shall_v pass_v through_o the_o place_n of_o just_n and_o there_o the_o say_v n._n to_o take_v possession_n and_o the_o key_n of_o the_o say_a list_n to_o be_v deliver_v he_o by_o the_o king_n of_o arm_n in_o sign_n of_o victory_n last_o we_o command_v that_o the_o celebration_n of_o the_o feast_n shall_v continue_v the_o space_n of_o xv_o day_n to_o the_o commendation_n and_o glory_n of_o the_o victorious_a n._n and_o in_o witness_n of_o the_o very_a troth_n in_o
this_o matter_n we_o have_v sign_v these_o letter_n with_o red_a ink_n and_o thereunto_o have_v set_v our_o royal_a seal_n date_v in_o our_o city_n of_o paris_n the_o 4._o of_o july_n etc._n etc._n what_o the_o use_n at_o this_o time_n in_o like_a case_n be_v may_v appear_v by_o the_o prize_v aforesaid_a bestow_v by_o her_o majesty_n the_o five_o book_n of_o what_o quality_n a_o gentleman_n profess_v arm_n ought_v to_o be_v cap._n 1._o by_o consideration_n of_o thing_n contain_v in_o these_o book_n a_o gentleman_n may_v be_v inform_v what_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o quarrel_n or_o offence_n unto_o honour_n what_o repulse_n be_v due_a unto_o injury_n of_o all_o sort_n what_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v give_v upon_o accident_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n whereunto_o we_o add_v some_o particular_a example_n of_o certain_a combat_n for_o life_n perform_v by_o person_n of_o honour_n within_o this_o land_n and_o likewise_o have_v note_v the_o action_n most_o glorious_a in_o triumph_n bring_v before_o the_o prince_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o forsomuch_o as_o these_o action_n of_o arm_n chief_o on_o horseback_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v use_v of_o noble_a personage_n and_o gentleman_n of_o the_o best_a sort_n who_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o flourish_a time_n by_o a_o general_a term_n call_v equites_fw-la and_o be_v present_o both_o of_o the_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n name_v cavallieri_n without_o respect_n to_o private_a dignity_n or_o other_o distinction_n we_o will_v therefore_o for_o this_o time_n yet_o with_o respect_n to_o each_o man_n title_n adventure_n to_o english_a the_o word_n eques_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o profess_v honour_n virtue_n &_o arm_n or_o any_o of_o they_o particular_o recite_v with_o what_o condition_n and_o quality_n he_o shall_v be_v endue_v which_o in_o brief_a be_v these_o 1_o first_o he_o ought_v be_v of_o good_a constitution_n in_o body_n and_o convenient_a strength_n to_o suffer_v travel_n and_o perform_v the_o action_n appertein_v to_o a_o man_n of_o arm_n 2_o second_o he_o shall_v be_v well_o favour_v of_o face_n and_o comely_a for_o common_o god_n and_o nature_n give_v beauty_n to_o such_o person_n as_o be_v destine_v to_o command_v and_o from_o other_o bear_v to_o obey_v they_o have_v withhold_v that_o favour_n which_o move_v some_o writer_n to_o affirm_v that_o the_o princely_a presence_n of_o priamus_n do_v show_v he_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o government_n and_o command_v other_o man_n 3_o three_o he_o shall_v be_v of_o bold_a aspect_n rather_o incline_v to_o severity_n than_o softness_n which_o countenance_n the_o swisses_n and_o turk_n do_v much_o affect_v 4_o four_o he_o must_v be_v sober_a and_o discreet_a not_o incline_v to_o vain_a delight_n or_o effeminate_a pleasure_n 5_o fiftlie_o that_o he_o be_v obedient_a for_o of_o obedience_n proceed_v that_o the_o mean_a be_v content_a to_o be_v command_v by_o the_o better_a and_o the_o ignorant_a by_o those_o that_o know_v this_o virtue_n be_v great_o embrace_v of_o the_o roman_n and_o occasion_v their_o often_o victory_n and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v well_o observe_v among_o the_o turk_n and_o of_o the_o punishment_n for_o disobedience_n towards_o the_o military_a magistrate_n the_o roman_n have_v leave_v two_o most_o notable_a example_n the_o one_o of_o manlius_n torquatus_n who_o cause_v his_o own_o son_n for_o that_o fault_n to_o be_v slay_v notwithstanding_o he_o have_v vanquish_v the_o enemy_n the_o other_o of_o papirius_n the_o dictator_n who_o for_o the_o like_a offence_n be_v punish_v by_o fabius_n rutilius_n general_n of_o the_o horseman_n in_o the_o roman_a army_n 6_o six_o he_o ought_v be_v vigilant_a and_o patient_a for_o in_o the_o one_o consist_v the_o execution_n of_o warlike_a action_n by_o the_o other_o all_o travail_n pain_n and_o misfortune_n be_v endure_v 7_o seventhly_a he_o must_v be_v faithful_a and_o loyal_a which_o quality_n be_v require_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o subject_n but_o chief_o in_o soldier_n for_o thereupon_o depend_v his_o prince_n security_n and_o state_n also_o which_o move_v vigetius_n to_o say_v that_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o prince_n consist_v in_o well_o choose_v his_o soldier_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o man_n profess_v arm_n do_v common_o swear_v by_o the_o faith_n of_o a_o soldier_n the_o french_a man_n a_o foy_fw-fr de_fw-fr soldat_fw-fr the_o italian_a a_o fe_o di_o soldato_n etc._n etc._n yea_o the_o king_n of_o france_n do_v common_o use_v this_o phrase_n a_o foy_fw-fr de_fw-fr gentle_a home_o a_o foy_fw-fr du_fw-fr chivalier_n 8_o eight_o he_o ought_v be_v constant_a and_o resolute_a because_o resolution_n make_v all_o difficulty_n easy_a and_o constancy_n or_o perseverance_n bring_v perfection_n in_o that_o he_o profess_v 9_o nine_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v charitable_a because_o war_n be_v not_o take_v in_o hand_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o country_n and_o town_n but_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o law_n and_o people_n last_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v fortunate_a since_o fortune_n be_v the_o lady_n of_o army_n because_o she_o show_v her_o virtue_n in_o nothing_o more_o than_o in_o the_o adventure_n of_o war_n of_o knighthood_n cap._n 2._o forsomuch_o as_o in_o these_o former_a book_n we_o have_v discourse_v the_o point_n of_o honour_n and_o in_o what_o sort_n the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n have_v be_v use_v in_o england_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o but_o rather_o necessary_a to_o speak_v of_o knighthood_n which_o dignity_n be_v at_o the_o beginning_n give_v chief_o for_o service_n in_o arm_n and_o valiant_a enterprise_n our_o meaning_n therefore_o be_v to_o examine_v the_o original_a occasion_n of_o the_o name_n of_o knight_n and_o how_o many_o order_n and_o degree_n of_o knighthood_n there_o be_v or_o have_v be_v in_o christendom_n for_o performance_n whereof_o it_o behove_v to_o know_v that_o the_o roman_n among_o who_o martial_a discipline_n be_v first_o know_v and_o name_n give_v to_o man_n for_o valorous_a merit_n divide_v their_o people_n into_o patritij_fw-la and_o plebei_fw-la after_o that_o time_n another_o division_n be_v make_v as_o senatores_fw-la equites_fw-la and_o plebs_fw-la as_o the_o french_a have_v at_o this_o day_n les_fw-fr noble_n &_o la_fw-fr populaire_a or_o gentiles_n home_n &_o villain_n and_o we_o in_o england_n divide_v our_o man_n into_o four_o sort_n gentleman_n citizens_z yeoman_n artificer_n and_o labourer_n of_o gentleman_n the_o first_o and_o principal_n be_v the_o king_n the_o prince_n dukes_z marquis_n earl_n viconts_n and_o baron_n these_o be_v the_o nobility_n and_o be_v call_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n next_o to_o these_o be_v knight_n esquire_n and_o simple_a gentleman_n which_o last_o number_n may_v be_v call_v nobilitas_fw-la minor_fw-la for_o they_o in_o parliament_n have_v no_o place_n among_o the_o lord_n therefore_o the_o baron_n or_o degree_n of_o lord_n do_v resemble_v the_o dignity_n of_o senator_n in_o rome_n and_o the_o title_n of_o our_o nobility_n be_v like_a unto_o the_o patritij_fw-la when_o the_o patritij_fw-la do_v signify_v senatores_fw-la aut_fw-la senatorum_fw-la filii_fw-la but_o that_o degree_n which_o we_o do_v now_o call_v knighthood_n be_v most_o like_a unto_o the_o title_n in_o rome_n name_v equestris_n ordo_fw-la yet_o other_o opinion_n there_o be_v both_o of_o the_o beginning_n and_o name_n of_o knight_n as_o well_o among_o the_o italian_n as_o the_o spaniard_n but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o seem_v that_o until_o equestris_n ordo_fw-la be_v erect_v in_o rome_n there_o be_v no_o such_o degree_n of_o man_n as_o we_o call_v knight_n neither_o be_v that_o name_n give_v with_o such_o ceremony_n and_o show_n of_o dignity_n as_o since_o have_v be_v use_v yet_o some_o there_o be_v that_o fail_v not_o to_o affirm_v that_o knighthood_n have_v the_o original_n from_o romulus_n in_o this_o sort_n that_o king_n have_v settle_v his_o government_n in_o rome_n partly_o for_o security_n &_o partly_o for_o magnificence_n erect_v three_o band_n of_o horseman_n the_o first_o call_v romence_v after_o his_o own_o name_n the_o next_o titience_n after_o tito_n tatio_fw-la and_o the_o three_o luceria_n whereof_o only_o i_o think_v livy_n make_v mention_v hereupon_o they_o will_v infer_v that_o knighthood_n begin_v under_o romulus_n the_o spaniard_n do_v hold_v opinion_n that_o when_o faith_n and_o plain_o deal_v decay_v those_o man_n that_o make_v profession_n of_o war_n every_o thousand_o do_v choose_v but_o one_o man_n who_o they_o think_v to_o be_v of_o great_a wisdom_n courage_n and_o courtesy_n among_o the_o rest_n that_o be_v do_v they_o make_v choice_n of_o such_o a_o horse_n as_o be_v repute_v to_o excel_v the_o rest_n for_o beauty_n force_n and_o other_o perfection_n and_o forthwith_o give_v that_o beast_n unto_o that_o man_n who_o they_o have_v choose_v as_o though_o their_o intention_n be_v to_o conjoin_v that_o singular_a beast_n unto_o that_o notable_a
take_v away_o by_o the_o soveraines_n of_o the_o say_a order_n the_o day_n of_o assembly_n for_o these_o knight_n be_v at_o the_o first_o institution_n appoint_v on_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n andrew_n but_o since_o alter_v unto_o the_o second_o of_o may_n and_o that_o but_o once_o in_o three_o year_n unless_o it_o shall_v please_v the_o sovereign_n otherwise_o to_o command_v to_o this_o order_n do_v belong_v four_o principal_a officer_n that_o be_v a_o chancellor_n a_o threasurer_n a_o register_n a_o king_n of_o arm_n name_v toson_n d'oro_fw-es the_o first_o inventor_n of_o the_o impresa_n belong_v to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o toson_n be_v charles_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o great_a valour_n bring_v the_o french_a king_n lewis_n the_o xj_o into_o much_o trouble_n and_o war_n as_o monsieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr argenton_n write_v his_o impresa_n or_o devise_n be_v a_o instrument_n make_v to_o strike_v fire_n with_o these_o word_n ant_n ferret_v quam_fw-la flamma_fw-la micet_fw-la mean_v he_o have_v power_n to_o kindle_v great_a war_n as_o indeed_o he_o have_v but_o his_o war_n have_v unhappy_a event_n for_o have_v in_o hand_n a_o war_n against_o lorayn_n and_o the_o swisses_n after_o the_o defeat_n of_o morat_n and_o grauson_n he_o be_v utterlie_o overthrow_v and_o slay_v before_o nansi_n the_o even_a of_o the_o epiphany_n whereupon_o renato_n duke_n of_o lorayn_n be_v victorious_a and_o see_v a_o standard_n of_o duke_n charles_n with_o the_o impresa_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o fire_n say_v that_o unhappy_a prince_n when_o he_o have_v most_o need_n to_o warm_v he_o want_v leisure_n to_o strike_v fire_n which_o speech_n be_v very_o pithy_a and_o the_o more_o for_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o cover_v with_o snowe_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o conflict_n full_a of_o blood_n at_o that_o time_n be_v the_o great_a frost_n and_o cold_a that_o any_o live_a man_n can_v remember_v the_o toson_n which_o these_o knight_n do_v wear_v hang_v at_o their_o collar_n of_o the_o order_n be_v the_o form_n of_o a_o golden_a fleece_n expound_v to_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o fleece_n of_o gold_n which_o jason_n win_v at_o colchos_n other_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v the_o fleece_n of_o gedeon_n whereof_o be_v make_v mention_n in_o holy_a scripture_n which_o signify_v fidelity_n or_o justice_n uncorrupted_a the_o number_n of_o these_o knight_n be_v much_o increase_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o who_o have_v in_o hand_n the_o dukedom_n of_o burgundy_n elect_v into_o that_o order_n person_n of_o great_a quality_n than_o be_v at_o the_o first_o and_o will_v have_v that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v by_o consent_n and_o after_o he_o king_n philip_n do_v the_o like_a here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o albeit_o duke_n charles_n do_v invent_v the_o impresa_n yet_o the_o creation_n be_v begin_v after_o by_o duke_n philip_n surname_v le_fw-fr bon_fw-fr at_o such_o time_n as_o he_o call_v a_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n at_o the_o hage_n in_o holland_n anno._n 1456._o the_o name_n of_o knight_n in_o this_o first_o creation_n philip_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n sovereign_n william_n of_o vienna_n of_o s._n george_n rinieri_n pot_n lord_n of_o the_o castle_n the_o lord_n of_o rombaix_n the_o lord_n montacute_n orland_n of_o vquerque_fw-la anthony_n of_o vergi_n conte_n of_o lignij_fw-la hugh_n of_o lanoij_fw-la lord_n of_o santes_n john_n lord_n of_o cominge_n anthony_n of_o tolongeon_n marshal_n of_o burgundy_n peter_n of_o lucimburg_n conte_n of_o beurevie_a gilbert_n of_o lanoij_fw-la lord_n of_o villerual_a john_n villiers_n lord_n of_o isleadam_n anthony_n lord_n of_o croij_fw-la and_o of_o renti_fw-la florimonte_n of_o brimeu_n lord_n of_o massincure_n robert_n lord_n of_o mamime_n james_n of_o brimeu_n lord_n of_o grigni_n baldwin_n lanoij_fw-la lord_n of_o mulambais_n peter_n of_o baufremont_n lord_n of_o cargni_n philip_n lord_n of_o teruant_n john_n of_o orequi_n john_n of_o croij_fw-la lord_n of_o tuor_n super_fw-la marne_n the_o knight_n elect_v into_o the_o order_n of_o toson_n by_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n and_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n 1_o philip_n duke_n of_o austria_n and_o king_n of_o spain_n sovereign_n of_o the_o order_n 2_o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n second_o of_o that_o name_n 3_o don_n beltramo_n della_fw-it cueva_n duke_n of_o alburqueque_fw-la 4_o don_n inigo_n lopes_n di_fw-fr mendoza_n duke_n of_o infantasgo_n 5_o cosmo_n di_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n and_o of_o sienna_n 6_o don_n emanuel_n filibert_n duke_n of_o savoya_n 7_o the_o admiral_n conte_n of_o egmont_n prince_n of_o gaure_n 8_o john_n of_o ligni_fw-la conte_n of_o arumberghe_n baron_n of_o brabanson_n 9_o octavio_n farnese_n duke_n of_o parma_n and_o piacenza_n 10_o marco_n antonio_n colonna_n duke_n of_o palliano_n and_o baron_n of_o rome_n 11_o ferdinando_n duke_n of_o austria_n 12_o don_n consaluo_n fernandes_n of_o cordova_n duke_n of_o sessa_o and_o ferranova_n conte_n of_o cabia_n 13_o don_n pedro_n hernandes_n of_o velasco_n duke_n frius_fw-la constable_n of_o castiglia_n 14_o don_n fernando_n aluares_n of_o toledo_n duke_n of_o alua._n 15_o albert_n duke_n of_o baviera_n 16_o henry_n duke_n of_o branswiche_n luniburg_n 17_o pietro_n hernesto_n conte_n di_fw-fr mansfelt_n 18_o philip_n de_fw-fr croij_fw-la duke_n of_o arscot_n 19_o charles_n prince_n of_o spain_n 20_o philip_n montmorancy_n conte_n of_o horn_n 21_o william_n of_o nassau_n prince_n of_o orange_n and_o lord_n of_o breda_n 22_o john_n conte_n of_o ostfaie_n 23_o charles_n baron_n of_o barlemont_n lord_n of_o perunet_n 24_o charles_n of_o briman_n conte_n of_o megen_n lord_n of_o hwercourt_n 25_o john_n marquis_n of_o berges_n conte_n of_o walhayn_n 26_o antonio_n doria_n marquis_n of_o san_n steffano_n lord_n of_o giersa_n 27_o don_n francisco_n fernandes_n d'_fw-fr auolos_n marquis_n of_o piscara_n 28_o sforza_n sforza_n s._n fiore_n conte_n of_o s._n maria_n of_o versi_fw-la lord_n of_o castello_n arquato_n 29_o philip_n of_o montmorancy_n lord_n of_o aricourt_n 30_o william_n of_o croij_fw-la marquis_n of_o renty_n 31_o florence_n of_o montmorancy_n lord_n of_o montegnij_fw-la 32_o philip_n conte_n of_o ligni_fw-la and_o of_o faulquembergh_n 33_o charles_n of_o lanij_fw-la prince_n of_o sulmona_n 34_o anthony_n of_o salaing_n conte_n of_o hoochstrat_n 35_o giovachino_n of_o mehausem_n great_a chancellor_n of_o boemia_fw-la 36_o the_o duke_n of_o medina_n celi_n 37_o the_o duke_n of_o cordova_n 38_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n when_o he_o come_v to_o full_a age_n of_o the_o order_n of_o s._n michael_n cap._n 10._o in_o the_o year_n 1469._o lewis_n the_o xj_o then_o french_a king_n erect_v a_o order_n of_o knighthood_n whereinto_o himself_o with_o other_o the_o most_o principal_a peer_n of_o france_n do_v enter_v it_o be_v say_v the_o occasion_n which_o move_v the_o king_n to_o entitle_v this_o order_n with_o the_o name_n of_o s._n michael_n be_v the_o memory_n of_o a_o apparition_n of_o that_o saint_n upon_o the_o bridge_n of_o orleans_n when_o that_o city_n be_v assail_v by_o the_o english_a at_o which_o time_n live_v a_o certain_a maiden_n call_v joane_n a_o woman_n so_o rare_a of_o wit_n and_o valiant_a in_o arm_n as_o be_v repute_v more_o than_o a_o mortal_a creature_n or_o rather_o some_o enchantress_n of_o singular_a knowledge_n this_o i_o find_v write_v but_o in_o that_o time_n of_o superstition_n easy_a it_o be_v to_o induce_v the_o people_n to_o believe_v thing_n incredible_a this_o order_n be_v also_o ornefy_v with_o a_o great_a choler_n whereat_o hang_v the_o image_n of_o s._n michael_n the_o word_n appertein_v thereunto_o be_v these_o immensi_fw-la tremor_n oceani_fw-la the_o sovereign_n of_o this_o order_n be_v the_o french_a king_n and_o his_o successor_n the_o number_n of_o knight_n that_o ought_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o say_a order_n be_v 36._o but_o of_o late_a year_n that_o ordinance_n have_v be_v break_v and_o the_o number_n so_o much_o increase_v as_o thereby_o the_o order_n be_v become_v of_o small_a reputation_n yet_o be_v it_o think_v that_o the_o choler_n appertein_v unto_o the_o say_a order_n be_v give_v only_o to_o the_o number_n aforesaid_a although_o the_o michael_n be_v bestow_v on_o many_o but_o sure_o it_o be_v that_o the_o intent_n of_o that_o king_n be_v to_o make_v choice_n only_o of_o the_o most_o noble_a personage_n of_o his_o own_o blood_n and_o of_o other_o who_o for_o virtue_n and_o honour_n be_v hold_v worthy_a as_o by_o the_o first_o election_n appear_v who_o be_v these_o the_o first_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n of_o s._n michael_n lewis_n the_o xj_o sovereign_n king_n charles_n of_o spain_n duke_n of_o vienna_n john_n duke_n of_o bourbon_n and_o of_o auvergne_n lewis_n of_o lucimburg_n conte_n of_o s._n paul_n and_o constable_n of_o france_n andrew_z di_o laval_a lord_n of_o loheac_n martial_n of_o france_n john_n conte_n of_o sanserre_n lord_n of_o bueil_n lewis_n of_o
thou_o lie_v this_o manner_n of_o lie_n not_o be_v give_v upon_o any_o matter_n certain_a or_o word_n special_o repeat_v be_v to_o none_o effect_v and_o therefore_o if_o he_o who_o give_v such_o a_o lie_n intend_v to_o make_v a_o just_a quarrel_n it_o behove_v he_o to_o set_v down_o in_o writing_n the_o very_a word_n whereupon_o he_o give_v the_o lie_n for_o beside_o that_o such_o lie_n do_v not_o bind_v the_o adverse_a party_n they_o be_v also_o perilous_a and_o apt_a to_o be_v return_v i_o say_v therefore_o that_o forsomuch_o as_o a_o lie_v general_a be_v of_o small_a effect_n &_o therewith_o fit_a to_o be_v wrest_v against_o the_o giver_n thereof_o it_o ought_v of_o all_o gentleman_n to_o be_v utterlie_o refrain_v of_o lie_v special_a cap._n 8._o lie_v special_a be_v those_o which_o be_v give_v unto_o special_a person_n and_o upon_o express_v and_o particular_a matter_n as_o for_o example_n gregory_n thou_o have_v say_v that_o upon_o the_o day_n of_o battle_n at_o graveling_z i_o abandon_v my_o ensign_n and_o charge_n for_o which_o saying_n thou_o have_v lie_v this_o be_v that_o lie_v which_o as_o be_v before_o say_v i_o call_v a_o lie_v certain_a &_o lawful_a yet_o be_v it_o to_o be_v intend_v that_o he_o who_o give_v this_o lie_n either_o by_o word_n or_o writing_n oughts_z first_o to_o be_v inform_v full_o and_o have_v sufficient_a proof_n and_o witness_n of_o that_o he_o say_v so_o as_o the_o same_o can_v be_v deny_v for_o want_v due_a prove_n he_o to_o who_o the_o lie_n be_v give_v may_v answer_v that_o i_o lie_v in_o charge_v he_o with_o such_o word_n as_o he_o never_o utter_v and_o in_o that_o case_n it_o shall_v behoove_v i_o to_o prove_v the_o reproach_n wherewith_o i_o have_v charge_v he_o but_o if_o he_o can_v deny_v that_o wherewith_o he_o be_v charge_v then_o must_v he_o either_o maintain_v his_o speech_n or_o confess_v the_o fault_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o such_o quarrel_n wherein_o manifest_a falsehood_n and_o untruth_n appear_v no_o prince_n ought_v to_o permit_v any_o combat_n neither_o ought_v gentleman_n be_v ashamed_a in_o such_o case_n to_o refuse_v the_o fight_n because_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n more_o honourable_a for_o respect_n of_o reason_n to_o refuse_v combat_n than_o perform_v the_o same_o without_o cause_n or_o obligation_n see_v then_o that_o this_o sort_n of_o lie_n whereof_o we_o present_o entreat_v be_v only_o true_a and_o lawful_a therefore_o it_o behove_v gentleman_n and_o all_o other_o profess_v honour_n and_o arm_n therewith_o to_o give_v repulse_n unto_o such_o injury_n as_o be_v offer_v and_o desire_v to_o show_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o offence_n either_o by_o word_n or_o writing_n they_o must_v so_o plain_o and_o sincere_o set_v down_o the_o intent_n thereof_o as_o no_o part_n of_o the_o affirmation_n can_v be_v either_o deny_v or_o wrest_v to_o other_o sense_n than_o it_o be_v utter_v or_o write_v whereby_o afterward_o no_o doubt_n shall_v arise_v who_o ought_v to_o challenge_v and_o who_o to_o defend_v of_o vain_a lie_n cap._n 9_o the_o simple_a &_o ignorant_a sort_n of_o man_n persuade_v themselves_o that_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o lie_n be_v give_v do_v thereby_o lose_v the_o election_n of_o the_o weapon_n therefore_o ignorantlie_o and_o foolish_o they_o give_v the_o lie_n before_o they_o either_o know_v or_o ask_v the_o question_n wherefore_o they_o so_o do_v as_o thus_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o say_v i_o be_o a_o honest_a man_n thou_o lie_v in_o thy_o throat_n the_o folly_n of_o which_o speech_n do_v plain_o appear_v for_o see_v the_o lie_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o answer_n in_o this_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n be_v change_v &_o the_o answer_n utter_v before_o the_o question_n ask_v another_o sort_n of_o ignorant_a quarreller_n be_v that_o will_v say_v thus_o if_o any_o man_n have_v say_v evil_a of_o i_o he_o have_v lie_v and_o if_o he_o will_v deny_v to_o have_v so_o say_v he_o also_o lie_v this_o silly_a sort_n of_o quarrel_v may_v likewise_o be_v call_v a_o lie_n foolish_a and_o vain_a for_o he_o who_o shall_v use_v such_o word_n do_v thereby_o take_v upon_o he_o both_o to_o propound_v and_o to_o answer_v and_o consequent_o perform_v the_o office_n aswell_o of_o defender_n as_o challenger_n another_o sort_n of_o these_o vain_a lie_n be_v thus_o offer_v simon_n meet_v with_o lewes_n say_v draw_v thy_o weapon_n and_o i_o will_v present_o prove_v thou_o a_o liar_n and_o a_o varlet_n or_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o draw_v than_o be_v thou_o a_o varlet_n also_o this_o manner_n of_o lie_n be_v without_o foundation_n cause_n or_o reason_n &_o therefore_o meet_v to_o be_v laugh_v at_o other_o there_o be_v who_o be_v charge_v to_o commit_v dishonest_a action_n do_v for_o the_o present_a time_n depart_v without_o make_v either_o denial_n or_o answer_n but_o after_o have_v assemble_v a_o number_n of_o friend_n weapon_v with_o advantage_n say_v to_o he_o that_o charge_v he_o thou_o lie_v which_o manner_n of_o do_v be_v also_o cowardly_a and_o foolish_a for_o as_o every_o accusation_n or_o imputation_n ought_v be_v do_v without_o advantage_n even_o so_o every_o answer_n without_o advantage_n ought_v be_v utter_v also_o every_o injury_n offer_v in_o presence_n shall_v likewise_o in_o presence_n be_v answer_v and_o if_o in_o absence_n any_o such_o wrong_n be_v do_v in_o absence_n a_o answer_n may_v be_v make_v final_o unto_o matter_n of_o injury_n in_o writing_n the_o answer_n ought_v be_v frame_v in_o writing_n yet_o be_v it_o reason_n that_o if_o a_o man_n arm_v or_o accompany_v do_v offer_v evil_a speech_n or_o violence_n to_o he_o that_o be_v unarm_v and_o alone_o in_o that_o case_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o make_v answer_n at_o time_n more_o convenient_a but_o if_o so_o be_v that_o any_o man_n find_v and_o know_v i_o better_o arm_v accompanied_z or_o prepare_v than_o himself_o will_v nevertheless_o offer_v i_o injury_n in_o that_o case_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o by_o word_n or_o deed_n to_o repulse_v the_o injury_n and_o be_v revenge_v notwithstanding_o my_o advantage_n because_o it_o be_v his_o folly_n to_o offer_v offence_n see_v my_o strength_n but_o gentleman_n shall_v ever_o so_o do_v as_o the_o lie_n may_v be_v no_o less_o or_o more_o honourable_o give_v than_o the_o injury_n be_v offer_v one_o other_o advantage_n in_o offer_v injury_n may_v be_v in_o this_o sort_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v offer_v the_o same_o in_o place_n of_o privilege_n or_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o prince_n in_o that_o case_n it_o have_v be_v think_v fit_a that_o no_o lie_n or_o other_o repulse_n shall_v be_v nevertheless_o it_o seem_v reasonable_a that_o if_o it_o please_v the_o prince_n to_o know_v that_o i_o be_o in_o his_o presence_n or_o court_n injury_v that_o it_o may_v also_o please_v he_o that_o i_o may_v descend_v myself_o yet_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o such_o place_n it_o become_v the_o injure_a to_o temper_v his_o answer_n and_o use_v word_n of_o reverence_n and_o the_o rather_o if_o he_o who_o offer_v the_o injury_n be_v a_o person_n of_o more_o respect_n and_o favour_n with_o the_o prince_n before_o who_o the_o injury_n be_v offer_v howsoever_o it_o be_v i_o take_v not_o upon_o i_o to_o inform_v what_o ought_v in_o such_o case_n to_o be_v do_v but_o tell_v my_o opinion_n as_o that_o which_o i_o think_v to_o be_v honourable_a whereunto_o i_o add_v that_o wise_a prince_n will_v more_o patient_o endure_v the_o repulse_n than_o the_o offer_n of_o injury_n in_o their_o presence_n whether_o to_o a_o man_n injure_a in_o presence_n of_o a_o prince_n it_o suffice_v to_o answer_v in_o presence_n of_o private_a gentleman_n cap._n 10._o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n speak_v of_o injury_n offer_v in_o the_o prince_n presence_n it_o seem_v not_o unnecessary_a to_o know_v how_o such_o offence_n be_v to_o be_v repulse_v or_o revenge_v for_o as_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o have_v opportunity_n to_o make_v repulse_n before_o the_o prince_n so_o be_v it_o also_o fit_a to_o use_v respect_n before_o person_n of_o so_o high_a estate_n &_o calling_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v allege_v but_o for_o the_o more_o btiefe_a decide_n of_o this_o question_n i_o will_v only_o produce_v the_o censure_n of_o don_n francisco_n maria_n duke_n of_o urbin_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o prince_n either_o through_o their_o attention_n to_o other_o weighty_a affair_n or_o their_o seldom_o experience_n in_o trial_n of_o arm_n be_v no_o less_o or_o more_o ignorant_a than_o other_o gentleman_n of_o mean_a reputation_n and_o therefore_o conclude_v that_o to_o a_o injury_n offer_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o prince_n it_o suffice_v to_o make_v answer_n before_o private_a gentleman_n as_o person_n unto_o who_o the_o
knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o arm_n and_o honour_n appertein_v such_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o that_o duke_n a_o prince_n in_o his_o life_n and_o place_n repute_v no_o less_o skilful_a in_o point_n of_o honour_n than_o all_o other_o way_n virtuous_a whereunto_o may_v be_v add_v that_o in_o matter_n of_o arm_n all_o emperor_n king_n and_o prince_n have_v ever_o vouchsafe_v to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o gentleman_n and_o soldier_n and_o therefore_o it_o stand_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o a_o answer_v make_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o gentleman_n and_o soldier_n shall_v be_v of_o virtue_n sufficient_a to_o repulse_v a_o injury_n offer_v before_o a_o prince_n of_o what_o title_n so_o ever_o of_o the_o return_n of_o lie_n cap._n 11._o heretofore_o we_o have_v say_v that_o he_o unto_o who_o the_o lie_n be_v give_v for_o a_o repulse_n of_o injury_n ought_v be_v the_o challenger_n yet_o for_o more_o certainty_n of_o that_o say_n we_o be_v diligent_o to_o examine_v what_o sort_n of_o lie_n be_v lawful_a it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o true_a and_o proper_a nature_n of_o the_o lie_n be_v to_o repulse_v injury_n and_o whensoever_o it_o work_v not_o that_o effect_n it_o become_v injury_n and_o by_o another_o lie_n may_v be_v return_v also_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o one_o selfesame_a quarrel_n aswell_o unto_o a_o denial_n as_o a_o affirmation_n the_o lie_n may_v be_v give_v the_o lie_v lawful_o give_v unto_o a_o affirmation_n be_v that_o whereof_o we_o have_v before_o speak_v as_o thus_o one_o man_n say_v unto_o another_o he_o be_v a_o rebel_n to_o his_o prince_n he_o answer_v thou_o lie_v and_o this_o kind_n of_o lie_n can_v be_v avoid_v because_o it_o be_v give_v for_o repulse_n unto_o a_o infamy_n direct_o offer_v but_o if_o i_o speak_v of_o other_o do_v say_v he_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n and_o one_o stand_v by_o do_v give_v i_o the_o lie_v in_o that_o case_n the_o lie_n shall_v not_o be_v repute_v a_o repulse_n but_o a_o injury_n and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o say_v that_o gainsay_v the_o commendation_n i_o give_v he_o lie_v because_o he_o encounter_v my_o affirmation_n and_o seem_v to_o deny_v that_o all_o man_n be_v hold_v honest_a till_o proof_n be_v make_v of_o the_o contrary_n wherefore_o it_o behove_v he_o that_o deny_v the_o man_n to_o be_v honest_a to_o prove_v such_o denial_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o be_v burden_a and_o bind_v to_o challenge_v i_o but_o let_v we_o now_o speak_v of_o lie_v give_v upon_o the_o negative_a which_o be_v either_o lawful_a or_o may_v lawful_o be_v return_v as_o if_o any_o man_n do_v say_v of_o i_o that_o in_o such_o a_o service_n of_o arm_n i_o have_v not_o do_v my_o duty_n and_o i_o shall_v answer_v with_o the_o lie_n that_o shall_v be_v a_o lawful_a answer_n yet_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o he_o have_v not_o fail_v of_o fidelity_n unto_o his_o prince_n and_o i_o say_v he_o lie_v then_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o answer_v thou_o lie_v in_o say_v i_o lie_v and_o consequent_o force_v i_o to_o challenge_v because_o in_o affirm_v his_o own_o fidelity_n he_o do_v not_o injury_n to_o any_o man_n but_o i_o deny_v thereof_o do_v great_o wrong_v he_o and_o therefore_o reasonable_o the_o lie_n to_o be_v return_v upon_o i_o now_o it_o rest_v to_o produce_v some_o example_n how_o in_o one_o selfesame_a quarrel_n both_o upon_o the_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a the_o lie_n may_v be_v give_v so_o as_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o party_n have_v apparent_a place_n of_o repulse_n as_o in_o this_o case_n two_o gentleman_n be_v in_o the_o field_n prepare_v to_o fight_v do_v there_o fall_v into_o disputation_n whether_o the_o weapon_n be_v lawful_a or_o not_o by_o mean_a whereof_o the_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o speech_n and_o nothing_o do_v hereupon_o a_o question_n grow_v whether_o the_o weapon_n be_v reasonable_o refuse_v or_o not_o the_o one_o by_o affirm_v they_o to_o be_v lawful_a do_v burden_n the_o other_o and_o he_o by_o deny_v they_o to_o be_v lawful_a do_v burden_n he_o so_o as_o it_o rest_v doubtful_a who_o ought_v to_o challenge_v thus_o much_o touch_v the_o nature_n of_o lie_n how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v offer_v repulse_v or_o return_v a_o matter_n of_o some_o difficulty_n to_o be_v understand_v yet_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v of_o all_o gentleman_n how_o upon_o every_o lie_n the_o trial_n of_o arm_n be_v not_o necessary_a cap._n 12._o albeit_o heretofore_o have_v be_v say_v that_o he_o who_o receive_v the_o lie_n ought_v to_o be_v challenger_n yet_o be_v not_o our_o meaning_n that_o upon_o every_o lie_n give_v the_o trial_n of_o the_o sword_n shall_v forthwith_o follow_v for_o see_v the_o trial_n by_o arm_n be_v incerteine_a and_o the_o civil_a trial_n assure_v therefore_o it_o behove_v every_o gentleman_n to_o be_v justify_v rather_o by_o this_o than_o the_o other_o trial_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v no_o less_o expedient_a for_o gentleman_n and_o all_o other_o profess_v arm_n to_o know_v when_o to_o put_v up_o than_o when_o to_o draw_v their_o weapon_n who_o so_o therefore_o upon_o any_o affirmation_n shall_v be_v lawful_o and_o orderly_o offer_v the_o lie_n have_v mean_n to_o make_v such_o proof_n ought_v by_o civil_a and_o reasonable_a trial_n make_v justification_n and_o not_o take_v sword_n in_o hand_n till_o necessity_n so_o enforce_v and_o he_o who_o find_v himself_o offer_v any_o unjust_a or_o unlawful_a lie_n may_v either_o traverse_v it_o or_o utterlie_o disdain_v it_o of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o cartell_n or_o letter_n of_o defiance_n cap._n 13._o in_o such_o place_n as_o public_a combat_n be_v permit_v by_o prince_n the_o custom_n be_v that_o the_o party_n agree_v to_o fight_v shall_v challenge_v one_o the_o other_o by_o some_o instrument_n in_o writing_n which_o they_o common_o call_v a_o cartel_n but_o that_o custom_n be_v now_o discontinue_v he_o who_o challenge_v do_v send_v some_o letter_n to_o that_o effect_n which_o ought_v be_v frame_v in_o brief_a term_n and_o thereby_o to_o express_v in_o short_a and_o proper_a word_n the_o effect_n of_o the_o quarrel_n and_o injury_n be_v it_o in_o word_n or_o deeed_n also_o to_o set_v down_o express_o the_o particularity_n of_o the_o matter_n the_o person_n the_o time_n &_o place_n which_o for_o the_o true_a express_v of_o the_o cause_n be_v require_v to_o the_o end_n the_o adverse_a party_n may_v the_o better_o determine_v of_o his_o answer_n and_o for_o that_o combat_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o judgement_n it_o behove_v no_o less_o therein_o than_o in_o civil_a trial_n that_o particular_a prove_n &_o circumstance_n shall_v be_v express_v &_o that_o he_o who_o challenge_v shall_v summon_v his_o adversary_n and_o he_o that_o be_v defender_n produce_v the_o lie_n in_o this_o writing_n it_o also_o behoove_v to_o use_v all_o plainness_n of_o word_n &_o phrase_n leave_v aside_o eloquence_n and_o ambiguity_n of_o speech_n for_o it_o suffice_v a_o man_n be_v offer_v any_o injurious_a speech_n do_v say_v thou_o lie_v without_o add_v any_o word_n thereunto_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v know_v that_o the_o defender_n ought_v have_v the_o election_n of_o the_o place_n and_o weapon_n for_o no_o reason_n be_v it_o that_o i_o shall_v both_o challenge_v another_o man_n and_o also_o appoint_v he_o to_o fight_v with_o what_o weapon_n please_v i_o one_o thing_n i_o think_v good_a more_o to_o advertise_v that_o it_o seem_v unto_o i_o a_o thing_n very_o honest_a and_o worthy_a a_o gentleman_n that_o all_o speech_n and_o writing_n of_o or_o to_o a_o enemy_n shall_v be_v in_o good_a and_o honourable_a term_n for_o thereby_o the_o speaker_n or_o writer_n shall_v honour_v himself_o and_o declare_v he_o have_v to_o do_v with_o a_o person_n of_o reputation_n for_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v disgrace_v his_o own_o judgement_n in_o meddle_v with_o man_n unworthy_a and_o such_o as_o be_v unfit_a to_o be_v regard_v the_o second_o book_n of_o injury_n and_o burden_n cap._n 1._o we_o have_v already_o discourse_v what_o injury_n be_v and_o how_o the_o same_o ought_v be_v repulse_v now_o be_v to_o be_v inform_v in_o what_o case_n prince_n and_o supreme_a governor_n may_v grant_v or_o deny_v the_o trial_n of_o combat_n i_o say_v therefore_o that_o the_o office_n of_o every_o prince_n move_v to_o grant_v combat_n be_v first_o to_o consider_v the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o quarrel_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v assure_o know_v whither_o it_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n as_o require_v the_o trial_n of_o the_o sword_n and_o can_v otherwise_o be_v determine_v for_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n certain_a that_o every_o question_n or_o quarrel_n that_o may_v be_v decide_v by_o civil_a authority_n and_o
say_v with_o the_o poet._n tota_n licet_fw-la veteres_fw-la exornent_fw-la undique_fw-la cerae_fw-la atria_fw-la nobilitas_fw-la sola_fw-la est_fw-la atque_fw-la unica_fw-la virtus_fw-la paulus_n aut_fw-la cossus_n aut_fw-la drusus_n moribus_fw-la esto_fw-la hos_fw-la ante_fw-la effigy_n maiorum_fw-la pone_fw-la tuorum_fw-la praecedant_fw-la ipsas_fw-la illi_fw-la te_fw-la consul_n virgas_fw-la dic_fw-la mihi_fw-la teucrorum_fw-la proles_fw-la animalia_fw-la muta_n quis_fw-la generosa_fw-la putet_fw-la nisi_fw-la fortia_fw-la nempe_fw-la volucrem_fw-la sic_fw-la laudamus_fw-la aequum_fw-la facili_fw-la cvi_fw-la plurima_fw-la palma_fw-la feruet_fw-la &_o exultat_fw-la rauco_fw-la victoria_fw-la circo_fw-la nobilis_fw-la hic_fw-la quocunque_fw-la venit_fw-la de_fw-la gramine_fw-la cvius_fw-la clara_n fuga_fw-la ante_fw-la alios_fw-la &_o primus_fw-la in_o aequore_fw-la puluis_fw-la whether_o a_o quarrel_n between_o two_o emperor_n may_v be_v decide_v by_o particular_a combat_n cap._n 2._o it_o happen_v the_o imperial_a seat_n be_v void_a the_o elector_n name_v unto_o that_o dignity_n two_o prince_n not_o by_o general_a consent_n but_o by_o division_n of_o voice_n the_o one_o party_n choose_v alfonso_n king_n of_o spain_n the_o other_o richard_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n brother_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n these_o prince_n claim_v the_o empire_n the_o one_o challenge_v the_o other_o to_o try_v the_o right_n by_o combat_n whereupon_o grow_v a_o question_n whether_o person_n of_o so_o high_a calling_n ought_v be_v admit_v to_o fight_v in_o combat_n thereunto_o be_v say_v that_o forsomuch_o as_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o beginning_n be_v get_v by_o arm_n and_o virtue_n and_o that_o the_o execution_n of_o all_o justice_n rest_v in_o arm_n it_o seem_v a_o empire_n in_o that_o sort_n gain_v to_o be_v more_o honourable_a than_o if_o it_o be_v give_v by_o election_n beside_o that_o in_o such_o trial_n the_o victorious_a enjoy_v it_o by_o divine_a judgement_n and_o for_o example_n that_o empire_n have_v be_v so_o judge_v we_o read_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v in_o war_n with_o the_o albanois_n it_o be_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o people_n agree_v that_o three_o brethren_n of_o the_o one_o party_n call_v horatij_n shall_v fight_v with_o three_o of_o the_o enemy_n who_o be_v also_o brethren_n call_v curiatij_n these_o man_n be_v bring_v together_o after_o long_a and_o doubtful_a fight_n the_o victory_n fall_v unto_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o albanois_n according_a unto_o agreement_n willing_o yield_v their_o country_n unto_o the_o roman_n government_n on_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v allege_v that_o forsomuch_o as_o the_o weldoo_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n consist_v upon_o the_o life_n of_o the_o emperor_n he_o ought_v not_o to_o fight_v in_o person_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o emperor_n already_o possess_v and_o invest_v for_o if_o the_o election_n be_v doubtful_a then_o to_o avoid_v a_o public_a war_n and_o effusion_n of_o blood_n it_o seem_v very_o reasonable_a that_o two_o prince_n make_v claim_n ought_v be_v admit_v to_o trial_n of_o arm_n so_o long_o as_o no_o other_o title_n or_o interest_n appear_v whether_o a_o king_n may_v challenge_v a_o emperor_n to_o combat_n cap._n 3._o the_o ancient_a emperor_n of_o room_n be_v of_o so_o great_a puissance_n and_o have_v under_o they_o so_o many_o monarchy_n and_o kingdom_n as_o well_o near_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v unto_o they_o subject_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o those_o age_n be_v repute_v either_o subject_n vassal_n or_o tributary_n unto_o the_o emperor_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v think_v unfit_a that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v vouchsafe_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o what_o state_n or_o quality_n soever_o it_o appear_v also_o that_o the_o honour_n and_o respect_v bear_v towards_o they_o be_v excessive_a because_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v call_v the_o emperor_n lord_n of_o the_o world_n affirm_v he_o have_v jurisdiction_n over_o king_n and_o all_o prince_n yea_o there_o want_v not_o of_o those_o that_o have_v name_v he_o god_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o consequent_o reasonable_a that_o he_o shall_v refuse_v to_o fight_v in_o combat_n with_o any_o king_n or_o other_o potentate_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n may_v be_v allege_v that_o the_o dignity_n and_o title_n of_o king_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o that_o of_o emperor_n and_o that_o they_o have_v the_o like_a sovereignty_n over_o man_n for_o well_o we_o know_v that_o aeneas_n romulus_n &_o numa_n govern_v in_o room_n many_o and_o many_o year_n before_o that_o julius_n caesar_n usurp_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n nevertheless_o lancislao_n king_n of_o hungary_n challenge_v the_o emperor_n be_v repulse_v as_o unworthy_a it_o happen_v also_o that_o another_o king_n contend_v with_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o polonia_n the_o say_a king_n do_v challenge_v the_o emperor_n to_o combat_n as_o before_o that_o time_n carlo_n martello_n the_o son_n of_o carlo_n the_o second_o have_v do_v for_o trial_n of_o the_o title_n of_o hungary_n which_o he_o claim_v by_o descent_n from_o his_o mother_n the_o say_a king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v then_o possess_v be_v of_o person_n puissant_a do_v condescend_v to_o fight_v with_o carlo_n martello_n a_o young_a man_n of_o twenty_o year_n and_o unexpert_a in_o arm_n yet_o indeed_o rightful_a heir_n these_o prince_n resolve_v to_o make_v trial_n by_o arm_n upon_o a_o day_n certain_a &_o appoint_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o be_v their_o judge_n and_o they_o to_o perform_v the_o fight_n in_o a_o certain_a island_n of_o he_o which_o be_v do_v &_o carlo_n martello_n become_v victorious_a and_o take_v from_o the_o hungarian_a king_n his_o helmet_n which_o have_v a_o chain_n hang_v at_o the_o same_o which_o helmet_n carlo_n martello_n and_o all_o his_o successor_n use_v as_o a_o badge_n but_o for_o resolution_n of_o this_o matter_n thus_o we_o conclude_v that_o prince_n or_o king_n have_v dependence_n of_o the_o empire_n may_v be_v repulse_v to_o fight_v with_o the_o emperor_n but_o a_o king_n sovereign_n acknowledge_v no_o superior_a and_o hold_v his_o dominion_n of_o god_n and_o his_o own_o sword_n only_o may_v challenge_v and_o fight_v with_o any_o emperor_n of_o the_o equality_n and_o disequalitie_n of_o great_a nobility_n and_o of_o the_o privilege_n due_a to_o all_o man_n profess_v arm_n cap._n 4._o a_o king_n uncrowned_a may_v lawful_o challenge_v a_o king_n crown_v unless_o the_o king_n uncrowned_a be_v unlawfullie_o aspire_v or_o a_o tyrant_n the_o number_n of_o christian_a king_n be_v 14_o of_o who_o only_o four_o be_v auncientlie_o crown_v by_o the_o pope_n that_o be_v the_o french_a king_n the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o king_n of_o jerusalem_n and_o the_o king_n of_o sisil_n all_o the_o other_o king_n be_v crown_v by_o their_o own_o prelate_n thus_o say_v paris_n a_o earl_n be_v a_o prince_n absolute_a and_o not_o subject_a unto_o the_o empire_n or_o any_o other_o potentate_n may_v refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o any_o person_n be_v a_o subject_n notwithstanding_o he_o have_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n duke_z or_o marquize_n here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o these_o title_n of_o honour_n be_v at_o the_o first_o give_v in_o office_n as_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n be_v proper_a unto_o he_o that_o be_v a_o general_n of_o the_o army_n a_o marquize_n be_v he_o unto_o who_o the_o confine_n or_o march_n of_o a_o country_n or_o kingdom_n be_v commit_v a_o earl_n or_o count_n be_v a_o judge_n or_o commander_n in_o peace_n and_o of_o they_o in_o the_o ancient_a emperor_n service_n be_v diverse_a as_o the_o countess_n palantine_n be_v as_o steward_n of_o the_o emperor_n house_n of_o his_o court_n or_o stable_a &_o every_o of_o they_o may_v challenge_v any_o prince_n duke_z or_o marquize_n be_v a_o subject_n because_o they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o subjection_n repute_v none_o other_o than_o baron_n a_o gentleman_n well_o bear_v and_o descend_v from_o parentage_n of_o four_o degree_n may_v fight_v with_o any_o earl_n or_o baron_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n to_o his_o prince_n or_o country_n and_o also_o murder_n and_o infidelity_n because_o they_o be_v beside_o their_o dignity_n none_o other_o than_o gentleman_n and_o gentility_n or_o nobility_n be_v hereditary_a and_o can_v be_v take_v away_o but_o dignity_n may_v but_o in_o other_o quarrel_n of_o less_o importance_n the_o earl_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o dignity_n may_v fight_v by_o champion_n but_o in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a he_o shall_v fight_v in_o person_n unless_o he_o be_v age_v lame_a or_o otherwise_o disable_v a_o capteine_a general_n of_o a_o army_n imperial_a or_o royal_a may_v not_o be_v challenge_v by_o any_o gentleman_n or_o lord_n neither_o ought_v the_o governor_n of_o any_o city_n town_n or_o castle_n because_o no_o public_a commandment_n may_v be_v abandon_v for_o private_a respect_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v
man_n name_v he_o cavaliero_n which_o signify_v horseman_n though_o we_o improper_o english_a it_o knight_n thus_o much_o be_v say_v in_o general_a concern_v gentleman_n that_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n who_o the_o roman_n as_o it_o seem_v sometime_o call_v milites_fw-la and_o some_o other_o time_n equites_fw-la the_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n cavalieri_fw-la the_o french_a chevalier_n but_o in_o our_o language_n as_o be_v now_o use_v none_n be_v call_v knight_n but_o only_o they_o that_o have_v that_o title_n give_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o lieutenant_n with_o a_o ceremony_n thereunto_o belong_v and_o of_o knight_n make_v according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o england_n be_v diverse_a degree_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v declare_v the_o original_n of_o knighthood_n give_v as_o dignity_n and_o what_o prince_n have_v authority_n to_o make_v knight_n cap._n 3._o it_o be_v affirm_v by_o some_o writer_n that_o alexander_n the_o great_a with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o learned_a tutor_n aristotle_n resolve_v to_o bestow_v upon_o such_o person_n as_o have_v do_v any_o notable_a service_n in_o the_o war_n some_o honour_n and_o degree_n in_o token_n of_o extraordinary_a virtue_n and_o notable_a merit_n and_o therefore_o give_v unto_o some_o badge_n to_o some_o cheine_n to_o some_o privilege_n and_o other_o such_o like_a demonstration_n of_o honour_n the_o roman_a emperor_n in_o like_a manner_n sometime_o before_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o service_n and_o sometime_o after_o bestow_v not_o only_o commendation_n but_o also_o dignity_n on_o those_o who_o virtue_n they_o think_v so_o worthy_a as_o crownet_n of_o bay_n of_o gold_n of_o myrtill_a or_o some_o other_o thing_n as_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o the_o giver_n they_o give_v also_o horse_n sword_n armour_n arm_v garment_n &_o such_o like_a and_o they_o that_o receive_v they_o in_o token_n of_o honour_n keep_v they_o careful_o in_o perpetual_a memory_n of_o their_o own_o valour_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o that_o prince_n who_o give_v they_o by_o this_o mean_a also_o they_o become_v much_o admire_v and_o esteem_v of_o all_o other_o soldier_n afterward_o for_o more_o encouragement_n of_o virtuous_a mind_n other_o prince_n think_v meet_v that_o the_o memorable_a act_n of_o soldier_n shall_v be_v in_o perpetual_a memory_n write_v and_o such_o privilege_n as_o be_v give_v to_o be_v record_v call_v they_o in_o those_o writing_n valiant_a man_n companion_n in_o arm_n victorious_a soldier_n and_o knight_n which_o manner_n of_o proceed_v do_v animate_v the_o man_n of_o war_n no_o less_o than_o the_o great_a portraiture_n which_o the_o old_a roman_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v for_o those_o that_o have_v perform_v egregious_a act_n touch_v the_o make_n of_o knight_n we_o say_v that_o every_o prince_n sovereign_a have_v power_n to_o give_v that_o dignity_n to_o what_o person_n it_o please_v he_o as_o well_o in_o peace_n as_o war_n but_o here_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o knight_n make_v be_v of_o more_o or_o less_o reputation_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o that_o prince_n that_o make_v they_o for_o he_o that_o be_v make_v knight_n by_o a_o king_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o a_o knight_n make_v by_o a_o prince_n of_o mean_a title_n wherefore_o to_o conclude_v we_o say_v that_o a_o emperor_n king_n duke_n and_o other_o prince_n acknowledge_v no_o superior_a may_v make_v knight_n and_o so_o may_v common_a weal_n as_o the_o venetian_a and_o genoa_n state_n the_o pope_n also_o do_v take_v upon_o they_o to_o make_v knight_n for_o money_n call_v they_o common_o after_o their_o own_o name_n cavallieri_n di_fw-fr san_n petro_n san_n paulo_n giuliani_n pij_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o manner_n of_o make_v knight_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1020._o cap._n 4._o in_o that_o age_n a_o prince_n determine_v to_o make_v a_o knight_n cause_v a_o high_a scaffold_n to_o be_v build_v in_o some_o cathedral_n church_n of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o other_o spacious_a place_n near_o unto_o it_o thither_o the_o gentleman_n be_v bring_v to_o receive_v that_o honour_n be_v come_v he_o be_v forthwith_o set_v upon_o a_o chair_n of_o silver_n cover_v with_o green_a silk_n then_o be_v demand_v of_o he_o if_o he_o be_v healthy_a in_o body_n and_o able_a to_o endure_v the_o exercise_n require_v in_o a_o soldier_n also_o whether_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o honest_a conversation_n and_o what_o witness_n worthy_a credit_n he_o can_v produce_v to_o answer_v for_o he_o this_o be_v do_v the_o bishop_n or_o chief_a officer_n of_o that_o church_n take_v the_o bible_n and_o hold_v it_o open_v before_o the_o new_a knight_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o all_o other_o speak_v these_o word_n say_v sir_n you_o that_o desire_v to_o receive_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n swear_v before_o god_n and_o by_o this_o holy_a bible_n that_o you_o shall_v never_o fight_v against_o this_o mighty_a and_o excellent_a prince_n that_o bestow_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o you_o unless_o you_o shall_v be_v occasion_v so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o service_n of_o your_o own_o king_n and_o natural_a prince_n for_o in_o that_o case_n have_v first_o yield_v up_o the_o choler_n devise_n and_o other_o ensign_n of_o honour_n now_o receive_v it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o you_o to_o serve_v against_o he_o without_o reproach_n or_o offence_n to_o all_o other_o companion_n in_o arm_n but_o otherwise_o do_v you_o shall_v incur_v infamy_n and_o be_v take_v in_o war_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o pain_n of_o death_n you_o shall_v also_o swear_v with_o all_o your_o force_n &_o power_n to_o maintain_v and_o defend_v all_o lady_n gentlewoman_n orfant_n widow_n woman_n distress_v and_o abandon_v the_o like_v you_o must_v do_v for_o wife_n be_v desire_v and_o shun_v no_o adventure_n of_o your_o person_n in_o every_o good_a war_n wherein_o you_o happen_v to_o be_v this_o oath_n take_v two_o of_o the_o chief_a lord_n lead_v he_o unto_o the_o king_n who_o present_o draw_v forth_o his_o sword_n and_o lay_v the_o same_o upon_o his_o head_n and_o say_v god_n and_o s._n george_n or_o what_o other_o saint_n the_o king_n please_v to_o name_n make_v thou_o a_o good_a knight_n then_o come_v unto_o the_o knight_n seven_o noble_a maiden_n attire_v in_o white_a and_o gird_v his_o sword_n unto_o his_o side_n that_o be_v do_v four_o knight_n of_o the_o most_o honourable_a in_o that_o presence_n put_v on_o his_o spur_n these_o ceremony_n past_a the_o queen_n take_v he_o by_o the_o right_a arm_n and_o a_o duchess_n by_o the_o left_a and_o lead_v he_o unto_o a_o rich_a seat_n make_v on_o high_a and_o thereupon_o set_v he_o the_o king_n sit_v down_o on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o queen_n on_o the_o other_o after_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n be_v thus_o set_v and_o the_o new_a knight_n between_o they_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o lady_n set_v they_o down_o also_o upon_o other_o seat_n prepare_v for_o they_o three_o dissent_n under_o the_o king_n seat_n every_o lord_n and_o lady_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n place_v thither_o be_v bring_v a_o solemn_a collation_n or_o banquet_n of_o delicate_a meat_n whereof_o the_o knight_n the_o king_n the_o queen_n and_o the_o whole_a company_n do_v eat_v and_o so_o the_o ceremony_n end_v the_o order_n of_o disgrade_n of_o knight_n in_o those_o day_n cap._n 5._o if_o any_o knight_n have_v in_o that_o time_n be_v corrupt_v with_o money_n by_o his_o prince_n enemy_n or_o commit_v any_o other_o notable_a fault_n against_o loyalty_n and_o honour_n the_o other_o knight_n forthwith_o make_v humble_a suit_n unto_o the_o king_n that_o he_o may_v be_v punish_v which_o request_n be_v grant_v they_o apprehend_v the_o offender_n and_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v arm_v from_o head_n to_o foot_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o if_o he_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o field_n which_o do_v they_o lead_v he_o up_o to_o a_o high_a stage_n make_v in_o a_o church_n for_o that_o purpose_n where_o be_v thirteen_o priest_n say_v those_o prayer_n ordinary_o use_v at_o burial_n as_o though_o that_o knight_n have_v lie_v dead_a at_o their_o foot_n at_o the_o end_n of_o every_o psalm_n they_o take_v from_o he_o one_o piece_n of_o his_o armour_n first_o they_o take_v off_o his_o helmet_n as_o that_o which_o defend_v his_o traitorous_a eye_n than_o his_o gauntlet_n on_o the_o right_a side_n as_o that_o which_o cover_v a_o corrupt_a hand_n then_o the_o gauntlet_n of_o the_o left_a hand_n as_o from_o a_o member_n consent_v and_o so_o by_o piecemeal_o despoil_v he_o of_o all_o his_o arm_n as_o well_o offensive_a as_o defensive_a which_o one_o after_o another_o be_v throw_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o at_o the_o instant_n when_o every_o part_n of_o armour_n be_v cast_v down_o the_o king_n of_o arm_n first_o and_o after_o he_o all_o the_o
be_v a_o red_a cross_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o sword_n this_o order_n be_v erect_v at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o king_n don_n ramiro_n win_v the_o victory_n against_o the_o moor_n in_o the_o province_n of_o compostella_n at_o which_o time_n great_a possession_n and_o privilege_n be_v give_v to_o s._n james_n of_o compostella_n anno._n 1030._o this_o order_n have_v one_o chief_a governor_n who_o be_v call_v great_a master_n he_o with_o thirteen_o other_o knight_n have_v authority_n to_o choose_v or_o remove_v any_o knight_n at_o their_o discretion_n upon_o the_o feast_n day_n of_o all_o saint_n these_o knight_n do_v use_v to_o meet_v and_o consult_v upon_o matter_n appertein_v to_o their_o estate_n the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o these_o knight_n be_v marvellous_a amount_v to_o many_o hundred_o thousand_o ducat_n many_o pope_n have_v give_v their_o allowance_n to_o this_o order_n yet_o either_o they_o can_v not_o or_o will_v not_o reserve_v a_o great_a tribute_n thereof_o than_o ten_o malachini_fw-la yearly_a knight_n of_o calatrava_n cap._n 14._o by_o imitation_n of_o the_o order_n aforesaid_a be_v this_o knighthood_n of_o calatrava_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n 1130._o the_o inventor_n thereof_o be_v don_n santio_n king_n of_o toledo_n they_o be_v call_v knight_n of_o calatrava_n of_o the_o province_n and_o place_n where_o they_o be_v make_v and_o settle_v which_o be_v where_o ancientlie_o the_o chief_a church_n of_o templar_n have_v be_v who_o not_o be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a to_o resist_v the_o saracen_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v the_o place_n unto_o these_o knight_n the_o habit_n of_o these_o knight_n be_v a_o black_a garment_n and_o upon_o it_o in_o the_o breast_n be_v set_v a_o red_a crosse._n these_o knight_n have_v also_o exceed_o great_a possession_n and_o many_o commandry_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o spain_n knight_n of_o alcantara_n cap._n 15._o these_o knight_n live_v in_o effect_n under_o the_o ordinance_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o former_a do_v wear_v a_o green_a crosse._n near_o unto_o the_o city_n of_o alcantara_n in_o castiglia_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o tago_n they_o have_v a_o church_n of_o great_a beauty_n endow_v with_o rich_a possession_n knight_n of_o montesio_n cap._n 16._o in_o valentia_n be_v the_o cavallieri_n di_fw-it montesio_n a_o place_n also_o seat_v in_o that_o province_n these_o knight_n do_v wear_v a_o red_a cross_n and_o their_o order_n begin_v about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o knighthood_n of_o calatrava_n take_v beginning_n knight_n of_o redemption_n cap._n 17._o these_o knight_n be_v erect_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n by_o king_n james_n who_o conquer_v the_o island_n maiorica_n and_o minorica_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1212._o their_o garment_n be_v white_a and_o thereon_o a_o black_a crosse._n the_o office_n of_o these_o knight_n be_v to_o redeem_v prisoner_n whereupon_o they_o be_v call_v cavalieri_fw-la della_fw-it redentione_fw-la the_o chief_a governor_n of_o they_o remain_v at_o bercellona_n knight_n of_o s._n john_n in_o jerusalem_n of_o some_o call_v knight_n of_o the_o rhodes_n and_o now_o knight_n of_o malta_n cap._n 18._o it_o be_v write_v with_o what_o warrant_v i_o know_v not_o that_o at_o the_o city_n of_o amiens_n in_o picardy_n a_o province_n of_o france_n there_o be_v bear_v a_o certain_a gentleman_n who_o in_o his_o childhood_n have_v be_v bring_v up_o in_o learning_n and_o be_v grow_v to_o man_n estate_n dispose_v himself_o to_o the_o exercise_n of_o arm_n and_o therein_o long_a time_n continue_v afterward_o have_v attein_v ripe_a year_n he_o despise_v the_o world_n and_o frame_v himself_o to_o a_o solitary_a life_n as_o one_o full_o resolve_v to_o live_v in_o contemplation_n unseen_a of_o any_o but_o god_n alone_o have_v sometime_o remain_v in_o that_o solitary_a sort_n a_o sudden_a desire_n he_o have_v to_o visit_v the_o sepulchre_n where_o christ_n be_v bury_v which_o short_o after_o he_o do_v and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v with_o security_n pass_v the_o barbarous_a nation_n he_o apparel_v himself_o like_o unto_o a_o physician_n by_o which_o mean_v without_o impediment_n he_o perform_v his_o journey_n thus_o have_v pass_v the_o difficulty_n of_o travel_n in_o diverse_a strange_a country_n he_o arrive_v at_o jerusalem_n and_o be_v there_o fall_v into_o acquaintance_n with_o simon_n patriarch_n of_o that_o city_n and_o in_o lament_v wise_a inform_v he_o of_o the_o oppression_n and_o cruelty_n offer_v and_o daily_a use_v by_o the_o infidel_n towards_o the_o poor_a christian_n whereunto_o simon_n answer_v that_o albeit_o the_o christian_n in_o those_o country_n endure_v great_a outrage_n yet_o they_o of_o jerusalem_n suffer_v much_o great_a and_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o more_o if_o god_n do_v not_o defend_v they_o by_o this_o conference_n the_o patriarch_n conceive_v peter_n the_o hermit_n for_o so_o he_o be_v call_v to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o good_a understanding_n and_o apt_a to_o execute_v any_o action_n of_o importance_n that_o shall_v be_v commit_v unto_o he_o whereupon_o the_o patriarch_n determine_v to_o make_v he_o a_o messenger_n unto_o the_o pope_n unto_o who_o by_o letter_n he_o impart_v the_o great_a calamity_n and_o afflict_a estate_n of_o the_o poor_a christian_n inhabit_v the_o holy_a land_n peter_n have_v receive_v his_o instruction_n and_o letter_n of_o credence_n return_v into_o the_o west_n first_o unto_o the_o pope_n and_o after_o solicit_v other_o prince_n in_o such_o sort_n and_o with_o so_o good_a success_n as_o by_o his_o persuasion_n many_o great_a king_n and_o potentate_n consent_v to_o take_v in_o hand_n the_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n from_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o infidel_n and_o some_o of_o they_o furnish_v that_o enterprise_n with_o man_n some_o with_o money_n and_o some_o do_v go_v in_o person_n among_o which_o number_n as_o the_o chief_a be_v robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n son_n to_o king_n william_n of_o england_n godfrey_n duke_n of_o lorayn_n with_o two_o of_o his_o brethren_n call_v eustace_n and_o baldwin_n hugh_n surname_v the_o great_a brother_n to_o the_o french_a king_n with_o diverse_a other_o prince_n duke_n earl_n and_o baron_n also_o thither_o go_v beomondo_n duke_n of_o calabria_n who_o for_o zeal_n to_o that_o service_n or_o desire_v of_o honour_n resign_v his_o dukedom_n unto_o ruggiero_n his_o brother_n take_v with_o he_o so_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n as_o will_v voluntary_o follow_v he_o of_o who_o with_o such_o other_o captain_n and_o soldier_n of_o italy_n as_o come_v unto_o he_o he_o assemble_v more_o than_o twenty_o thousand_o all_o choice_n man_n &_o young_a fit_n for_o the_o war_n all_o thing_n in_o this_o sort_n prepare_v for_o the_o journey_n vrban_n the_o second_o than_o pope_n send_v unto_o these_o captain_n a_o white_a cross_n with_o commandment_n that_o all_o the_o soldier_n shall_v wear_v the_o like_a call_v that_o enterprise_n la_fw-fr cruciata_fw-la it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o christian_n at_o such_o time_n as_o this_o war_n be_v proclaim_v in_o chiaramont_n a_o city_n of_o auernia_fw-la endeavour_v themselves_o universallie_o to_o animate_v the_o soldier_n and_o join_v in_o general_a prayer_n for_o their_o good_a success_n give_v they_o meat_n apparel_n and_o furniture_n unasked_a or_o require_v moreover_o those_o that_o be_v indebt_v be_v forgive_v and_o such_o as_o have_v be_v banish_v be_v pardon_v the_o woman_n also_o contrary_a to_o their_o custom_n willing_o and_o with_o much_o joy_n consent_v their_o husband_n and_o son_n shall_v pass_v in_o this_o enterprise_n and_o for_o their_o furniture_n give_v they_o their_o jewel_n cheine_n and_o money_n the_o french_a king_n likewise_o send_v they_o great_a treasure_n and_o give_v privilege_n to_o the_o soldier_n land_n and_o wife_n in_o their_o husband_n absence_n and_o many_o great_a prince_n and_o other_o lord_n sell_v and_o impawn_v their_o patrimony_n to_o further_o this_o action_n so_o as_o the_o army_n assemble_v for_o this_o holy_a enterprise_n amount_v unto_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o footman_n and_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o horse_n who_o present_o march_v towards_o constantinople_n where_o they_o pass_v the_o straight_o call_v bosphoro_n tracio_n and_o land_v at_o calcedonia_n for_o the_o first_o enterprise_n they_o besiege_v nicaea_n in_o bithynia_n which_o within_o fifty_o day_n be_v yield_v and_o the_o four_o of_o july_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o certain_a mounteine_v near_o unto_o that_o city_n the_o christian_n fight_v a_o battle_n with_o a_o turkish_a army_n which_o in_o number_n exceed_v we_o and_o thereat_o be_v present_a soliman_n the_o emperor_n of_o turkey_n and_o persia_n but_o the_o christian_n have_v victory_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o two_o thousand_o man_n but_o of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v forty_o thousand_o this_o victory_n gain_v the_o christian_n follow_v their_o enterprise_n within_o short_a time_n win_v a_o hundred_o city_n and_o town_n of_o account_n &_o among_o
and_o be_v make_v christian_n within_o short_a space_n after_o these_o knight_n build_v diverse_a church_n and_o among_o they_o some_o cathedral_n temple_n make_v they_o place_n of_o residence_n for_o bishop_n who_o be_v also_o enjoin_v to_o wear_v the_o habit_n of_o the_o order_n near_o unto_o the_o river_n vistola_fw-la be_v a_o great_a oak_n where_o these_o knight_n build_v the_o first_o castle_n and_o town_n which_o with_o time_n be_v increase_v and_o call_v borgo_n di_fw-it santa_fw-it maria_n where_o be_v now_o the_o chief_a church_n appertein_v to_o this_o order_n thereunto_o belong_v so_o great_a riches_n and_o revenue_n as_o these_o knight_n may_v both_o for_o man_n and_o money_n compare_v with_o diverse_a prince_n this_o country_n of_o prussia_n be_v great_a and_o much_o thereof_o bound_v by_o the_o river_n vistola_fw-la and_o be_v also_o confine_v by_o sarmatia_n the_o massageti_n and_o polonia_n these_o knight_n be_v also_o lord_n of_o livonia_n which_o be_v likewise_o by_o they_o bring_v to_o the_o faith_n of_o christianity_n and_o be_v with_o christian_n now_o inhabit_v knight_n of_o the_o sepulchre_n cap._n 20._o this_o knighthood_n be_v now_o extinct_a or_o rather_o conjoin_v unto_o the_o order_n of_o malta_n the_o ensign_n belong_v to_o these_o knight_n be_v two_o red_a cross_n knight_n of_o s._n mary_n cap._n 21._o in_o the_o life_n of_o pope_n vrban_n the_o four_o at_o which_o time_n be_v great_a war_n among_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n certain_a rich_a gentleman_n of_o bolognia_n and_o modona_n desire_v to_o eschew_v the_o present_a trouble_n and_o be_v exempt_a from_o public_a charge_n desire_v of_o that_o pope_n to_o permit_v they_o to_o live_v in_o contemplation_n and_o erect_v a_o new_a order_n of_o religious_a knighthood_n which_o for_o money_n they_o obtain_v call_v themselves_o knight_n of_o saint_n mary_n the_o habit_n of_o this_o order_n be_v very_o pompous_a and_o thereupon_o a_o red_a cross_n wrought_v with_o gold_n round_o about_o they_o be_v special_o inhibit_v to_o wear_v gold_n in_o their_o spur_n and_o horse_n harness_n they_o make_v profession_n to_o fight_v against_o the_o infidel_n and_o all_o other_o that_o offend_v justice_n notwithstanding_o they_o live_v ever_o at_o home_n in_o rest_n with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n they_o be_v common_o call_v cavalieri_fw-la di_fw-it madonna_n but_o because_o they_o live_v continual_o in_o ease_n and_o pleasure_n man_n term_v they_o frati_n gaudenti_fw-la as_o much_o in_o our_o language_n as_o goodfellow_n brethren_n it_o may_v be_v some_o of_o they_o be_v yet_o extant_a knight_n of_o s._n lazaro_n cap._n 22._o these_o knight_n of_o this_o order_n do_v plead_v great_a antiquity_n say_v they_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o s._n basil_n and_o their_o profession_n have_v be_v confirm_v by_o sundry_a pope_n they_o also_o affirm_v that_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n surname_v barbarossa_n give_v they_o great_a possession_n in_o sicilia_n calabria_n puglia_n and_o terra_fw-la di_fw-it lavoro_fw-mi and_o to_o those_o land_n diverse_a pope_n do_v add_v much_o notwithstanding_o time_n that_o wear_v all_o thing_n away_o do_v also_o consume_v these_o riches_n and_o the_o order_n well_o near_o extinct_a till_o of_o late_a year_n pius_fw-la quartus_fw-la the_o pope_n do_v revive_v it_o who_o make_v gianotto_n castiglione_n a_o noble_a gentleman_n of_o milan_n great_a master_n these_o knight_n do_v profess_v to_o be_v obedient_a unto_o their_o great_a master_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o order_n they_o promise_v also_o to_o live_v chaste_a or_o at_o the_o least_o continent_n and_o content_n with_o one_o wife_n also_o to_o be_v charitable_a and_o liberal_a chief_o to_o poor_a people_n infect_v with_o leprosy_n moreover_o every_o knight_n promise_v to_o wear_v a_o green_a cross_n &_o before_o they_o enter_v into_o this_o knighthood_n must_v prove_v himself_o to_o be_v bear_v in_o lawful_a wedlock_n and_o a_o gentleman_n both_o by_o father_n and_o mother_n and_o to_o bear_v arm_n also_o that_o he_o be_v descend_v of_o ancient_a christian_n and_o no_o morrano_n or_o turk_n that_o he_o have_v of_o rent_n at_o the_o least_o 200._o crown_n therewith_o to_o maintain_v his_o dignity_n that_o he_o and_o his_o ancestor_n have_v ever_o live_v as_o gentleman_n without_o use_n of_o any_o base_a or_o mecanical_a occupation_n that_o he_o have_v not_o be_v suspect_v of_o any_o notable_a evil_a fact_n or_o be_v defame_v for_o any_o vice_n that_o he_o be_v not_o indebt_v nor_o be_v wed_v to_o any_o widow_n or_o have_v have_v more_o than_o one_o wife_n but_o beside_o these_o passable_a protestation_n he_o must_v undertake_v to_o say_v five_o and_o twenty_o pater_n noster_n and_o so_o many_o aue_fw-la marias_fw-la with_o other_o superstitious_a thing_n not_o worthy_a the_o write_n this_o order_n have_v of_o late_a time_n be_v much_o favour_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n knight_n of_o s._n steffano_n cap._n 23._o in_o the_o year_n 1561._o cosimo_fw-la duke_n of_o florence_n and_o sienna_n have_v settle_v his_o government_n and_o live_v in_o peaceable_a estate_n erect_v this_o religious_a order_n of_o knighthood_n call_v those_o that_o enter_v thereunto_o cavalieri_fw-la di_fw-mi san_n steffano_n to_o these_o knight_n he_o give_v a_o red_a cross_n border_v about_o with_o gold_n the_o statute_n annex_v unto_o this_o order_n be_v not_o unlike_a to_o those_o appertein_v to_o the_o order_n of_o malta_n save_v that_o these_o have_v liberty_n to_o marry_v the_o chief_a place_n of_o their_o resiance_n be_v the_o city_n of_o pisa_n where_o the_o duke_n prepare_v they_o a_o church_n and_o build_v for_o they_o a_o palace_n wherein_o to_o lodge_v and_o because_o near_o to_o that_o city_n be_v a_o haven_n fit_a to_o receive_v the_o galley_n wherein_o these_o knight_n shall_v serve_v it_o seem_v good_a to_o that_o prince_n to_o settle_v they_o there_o the_o duke_n himself_o and_o his_o successor_n be_v great_a master_n of_o this_o order_n and_o under_o he_o be_v diverse_a other_o officer_n of_o reputation_n this_o be_v the_o last_o order_n or_o degree_n of_o knight_n that_o i_o have_v see_v or_o read_v of_o save_v only_o the_o great_a knighthood_n of_o s_o esprit_fw-fr whereof_o as_o be_v before_o say_v i_o be_o not_o inform_v the_o ceremony_n in_o the_o degradation_n of_o knight_n cap._n 24._o it_o seem_v that_o the_o degradation_n of_o knight_n have_v be_v use_v only_o for_o offence_n of_o great_a reproach_n and_o dishonour_n which_o i_o conceive_v partly_o by_o the_o rareness_n of_o such_o action_n and_o partly_o for_o that_o the_o man_n bereave_v of_o that_o dignity_n be_v not_o only_o degrade_v but_o also_o by_o law_n execute_v as_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o 4._o it_o appear_v a_o knight_n be_v degrade_v in_o this_o sort_n first_o after_o the_o publication_n of_o his_o offence_n his_o gild_a spur_n be_v beat_v from_o his_o heel_n than_o his_o sword_n take_v from_o he_o and_o break_v that_o be_v do_v every_o piece_n of_o his_o armour_n be_v bruise_v beat_a and_o cast_v aside_o after_o all_o which_o disgrace_n he_o be_v behead_v in_o like_a manner_n andrew_z of_o hekela_n knight_n and_o earl_n of_o cardoyl_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n disgrade_v he_o be_v apprehend_v be_v by_o the_o king_n commandment_n bring_v before_o sir_n anthony_n lucy_n anno._n 1322._o apparel_v in_o all_o the_o robe_n of_o his_o estate_n as_o a_o earl_n and_o a_o knight_n and_o so_o lead_v unto_o the_o place_n of_o judgement_n be_v thither_o come_v sir_n anthony_n lucy_n say_v unto_o he_o these_o word_n first_o thou_o shall_v lose_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n by_o which_o thou_o have_v all_o thy_o honour_n and_o further_o all_o worship_n upon_o thy_o body_n be_v bring_v to_o nought_o those_o word_n pronounce_v sir_n anthony_n lucy_n command_v a_o knave_n to_o hew_v the_o knight_n spur_n from_o his_o heel_n and_o after_o cause_v his_o sword_n to_o be_v break_v over_o his_o head_n that_o do_v he_o be_v despoil_v of_o his_o fur_a tabord_v of_o his_o hood_n of_o his_o fur_a cott_n and_o of_o his_o girdle_n then_o sir_n anthony_n say_v unto_o he_o these_o word_n andrew_n now_o be_v thou_o no_o knight_n but_o a_o knave_n and_o for_o thy_o treason_n the_o king_n do_v will_v thou_o shall_v be_v hang_v this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o the_o degradation_n of_o these_o two_o knight_n i_o find_v record_v in_o a_o ancient_a book_n of_o master_n garter_n write_v in_o the_o self_n same_o word_n that_o be_v here_o express_v the_o author_n intention_n cap._n 25._o albeit_o the_o whole_a scope_n and_o intent_n of_o this_o book_n be_v to_o discourse_v the_o point_n of_o honour_n and_o dignity_n appertein_v unto_o arm_n yet_o for_o not_o be_v mistake_v in_o my_o meaning_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o say_v that_o the_o commendation_n due_a unto_o learning_n be_v of_o no_o less_o desert_n than_o