teutonici_fw-la or_o the_o dutch_a knight_n though_o in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o order_n have_v this_o name_n before_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o these_o part_n consist_v at_o its_o first_o institution_n chief_o of_o german_n be_v call_v into_o prussia_n say_v some_o by_o the_o muscovite_n or_o as_o other_o send_v thither_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o they_o seat_v themselves_o at_o marienberg_n about_o the_o year_n 1340_o after_o a_o long_a engagement_n in_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o the_o native_n under_o the_o thirteen_o great_a master_n of_o their_o order_n sigefrid_n de_fw-fr feuchtwangen_n in_o the_o year_n 1450_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o casimir_n iv_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o last_o the_o order_n be_v surrender_v by_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o thirtyfifth_a and_o last_o great_a master_n of_o the_o order_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o thereupon_o create_v he_o duke_n of_o prussia_n such_o of_o the_o knight_n as_o disrelished_a this_o action_n of_o their_o master_n albert_n retire_v into_o germany_n where_o they_o choose_v one_o walter_n croneberg_n master_n of_o their_o order_n afterward_o the_o title_n be_v confer_v upon_o maximilian_n one_o of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n ii_o but_o the_o order_n never_o flourish_v but_o decay_v daily_o since_o the_o day_n of_o albert_n beforementioned_a and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o obscure_a honour_n of_o little_a or_o no_o repute_n in_o the_o world_n the_o only_a order_n of_o knighthood_n at_o this_o day_n know_v in_o germany_n or_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o knight_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v the_o geschlagenen_fw-la rittern_n or_o dub_v knight_n on_o who_o the_o emperor_n confer_v that_o honour_n by_o touch_v they_o light_o upon_o the_o shoulder_n with_o a_o naked_a sword_n and_o say_v to_o each_o of_o they_o esto_fw-la miles_n dei_fw-la &_o sancti_fw-la stephani_fw-la the_o title_n of_o armiger_n esquire_n esquire_n or_o esquire_n as_o we_o and_o the_o french_a use_n the_o word_n be_v whole_o out_o of_o use_n in_o the_o empire_n yet_o in_o ancient_a dutch_a record_n we_o read_v of_o skiltknaben_n and_o wapeneren_n both_o which_o word_n have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o be_v proper_o render_v armigeri_fw-la and_o these_o have_v their_o title_n and_o dignity_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o delivery_n of_o a_o sword_n only_o without_o gird_v it_o on_o with_o a_o blow_n on_o the_o cheek_n or_o ear_n which_o give_v they_o the_o liberty_n of_o bear_v a_o sword_n or_o other_o arm_n in_o attendance_n on_o a_o knight_n or_o ritter_n geschlagen_fw-ge but_o not_o of_o wear_v it_o gird_v on_o as_o the_o knight_n himself_o do_v for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a former_o for_o any_o subject_n whatever_o in_o the_o empire_n to_o bear_v arm_n except_v such_o as_o have_v the_o emperor_n more_o especial_a licence_n so_o to_o do_v the_o gentry_n in_o the_o empire_n be_v express_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o edel-lute_n gentleman_n gentleman_n which_o as_o our_o gentleman_n be_v a_o universal_a name_n for_o all_o such_o as_o either_o from_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o favour_n of_o their_o sovereign_n or_o their_o own_o virtue_n be_v raise_v to_o a_o eminency_n above_o the_o multitude_n hence_o edel-dom_a and_o edel-heit_a be_v use_v to_o signify_v nobility_n and_o veredelen_n and_o edel-machen_a to_o ennoble_v some_o singular_o eminent_a gentleman_n in_o francken_n schwaben_n and_o rhein-land_n who_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n and_o subject_a to_o no_o other_o court_n but_o the_o emperor_n have_v the_o title_n of_o die_v freye_a vom_n adel_n or_o die_v freye_a adeliche_n reichs_n ritterschaft_n i._n e._n the_o free_a gentleman_n or_o ordo_fw-la equestris_n of_o the_o empire_n our_o english_a saxon_n use_v the_o word_n aedel_n in_o the_o same_o signification_n whence_o in_o aelfric_n glossary_a generositas_fw-la be_v interpret_v aedelborynnesse_n noble_a birth_n and_o generosa_fw-la be_v render_v by_o þ_n aeðele_n or_o a_o noble_a woman_n indeed_o aetheling_n etheling_n or_o adeling_o be_v common_o use_v by_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n to_o denote_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n or_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n who_o afterward_o get_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o wales_n hence_o edgar_n etheling_n so_o often_o name_v in_o our_o english_a historian_n have_v his_o surname_n which_o robert_n of_o gloucester_n in_o his_o poem_n upon_o king_n harold_n a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n explain_v thus_o the_o good_a tryeweman_n of_o the_o lond_n will_v aabbe_v ymade_a king_n the_o kind_a eir_n the_o young_a child_n edgar_n atheling_n wo_n so_o be_v next_o king_n by_o kunde_n i_o clupe_v he_o atheling_n thervore_fw-la i_o clupe_v he_o so_o warrant_v by_o kunde_n he_o be_v king_n but_o if_o we_o search_v into_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o aeðeling_n be_v only_o a_o patronymic_a from_o the_o primitive_a aeðel_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o nobilis_fw-la ortu_fw-la or_o generosus_fw-la i._n e._n one_o descend_v from_o he_o that_o be_v aeðel_v or_o a_o nobleman_n thus_o in_o king_n aelfred_n saxon_a version_n of_o bede_n ecclesiastical_a history_n we_o read_v mid_a eallum_n aeðelingum_n his_o ðeode_n that_o be_v with_o all_o the_o etheling_n of_o his_o nation_n instead_o of_o the_o latin_a cum_fw-la cunctis_fw-la gentis_fw-la suae_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o german_a church_n with_o a_o view_n of_o the_o power_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a order_n therein_o contain_v how_o much_o several_a of_o the_o province_n and_o principality_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n differ_v among_o themselves_o in_o point_n of_o religion_n since_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o reformation_n by_o martin_n luther_n we_o have_v show_v before_o and_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o where_o the_o doctrine_n be_v so_o dissonant_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o uniformity_n in_o church_n discipline_n the_o intolerable_a greatness_n which_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v usurp_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n which_o render_v it_o uneasy_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o unexpected_a change_n when_o luther_n opinion_n have_v prevail_v with_o so_o many_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o see_v bishopric_n convert_v into_o secular_a principality_n and_o a_o new_a form_n of_o church-government_n set_v up_o instead_o of_o episcopal_a dignity_n which_o have_v be_v so_o much_o abuse_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n church_n prelate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o to_o this_o day_n bear_v rule_n in_o such_o part_n of_o germany_n as_o have_v not_o embrace_v either_o luther_n or_o calvin_n doctrine_n have_v more_o power_n and_o exercise_v a_o great_a authority_n in_o their_o several_a bishopric_n than_o any_o other_o prelate_n in_o christendom_n most_o of_o they_o be_v great_a prince_n and_o challenge_v as_o absolute_a a_o dominion_n over_o the_o temporality_n of_o their_o diocese_n as_o any_o secular_a elector_n can_v pretend_v to_o over_o his_o own_o land_n and_o inheritance_n heretofore_o beside_o the_o three_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n there_o be_v five_o archbishop_n and_o thirty_o bishop_n that_o have_v seat_n and_o voice_n in_o the_o assembly_n and_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o their_o number_n have_v exceed_o decrease_v of_o late_a since_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n bremen_n and_o riga_n together_o with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n minden_n and_o werden_n have_v be_v change_v into_o secular_a principality_n those_o also_o of_o besanson_n verdun_n mets_n and_o toul_n cut_v off_o from_o the_o empire_n and_o inseparable_o unite_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o spain_n and_o france_n and_o last_o those_o of_o valesia_n losanna_n and_o chur_n abolish_v by_o the_o swiss_n insomuch_o that_o at_o present_a in_o the_o college_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n only_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saltzburg_n beside_o the_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n and_o about_o twenty_o bishop_n have_v vote_n by_o this_o secularize_v three_o archbishopric_n and_o six_o bishopric_n the_o protestant_a prince_n some_o of_o they_o at_o least_o have_v lose_v the_o opportunity_n of_o provide_v for_o their_o young_a brethren_n in_o as_o plentiful_a a_o manner_n as_o they_o can_v have_v do_v before_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n for_o whilst_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n that_o of_o bremen_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spiritual_a dignity_n which_o be_v now_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o church_n be_v in_o the_o gift_n of_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n considerable_a maintenance_n be_v provide_v for_o many_o young_a duke_n and_o count_n who_o at_o this_o time_n can_v
and_o vilna_n for_o the_o polonian_n believe_v that_o it_o very_o much_o avail_v both_o to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o to_o confirm_v the_o allegiance_n of_o they_o that_o obey_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o generality_n who_o can_v then_o have_v no_o pretence_n to_o complain_v of_o their_o own_o act._n the_o place_n of_o election_n be_v in_o a_o open_a field_n not_o far_o from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n wola_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o who_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n it_o be_v mark_v out_o by_o the_o marshal_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n when_o the_o day_n of_o election_n be_v come_v and_o the_o senator_n all_o meet_v the_o interrex_n ask_v the_o question_n three_o time_n whether_o it_o be_v their_o pleasure_n to_o command_v that_o such_o a_o one_o shall_v be_v declare_v king_n if_o by_o consent_n of_o voice_n they_o return_v for_o a_o answer_n it_o please_v we_o let_v he_o live_v then_o the_o archbishop_n declare_v he_o king_n in_o these_o word_n in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n i_o declare_v such_o a_o one_o king_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o beseech_v the_o king_n of_o heaven_n to_o enable_v he_o for_o so_o great_a a_o charge_n and_o through_o his_o mercy_n so_o to_o order_n that_o the_o election_n may_v be_v prosperous_a for_o the_o nation_n and_o happy_a for_o the_o catholic_n religion_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n proclaim_v the_o election_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n king_n n._n be_v unanimous_o elect_v and_o so_o declare_v by_o the_o interrex_n he_o therefore_o all_o you_o acknowledge_v your_o lawful_o elect_a and_o declare_v king_n if_o the_o king_n so_o elect_v be_v absent_a his_o ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o confirm_v by_o oath_n the_o condition_n and_o receive_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o election_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n make_v a_o second_o proclamation_n in_o these_o word_n the_o polander_n have_v a_o lawful_a king_n on_o the_o other_o side_n before_o the_o king_n be_v admit_v he_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o covenant_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o estate_n in_o all_o their_o clause_n point_n and_o condition_n and_o to_o renew_v the_o say_a oath_n at_o his_o coronation_n but_o though_o he_o be_v now_o elect_v the_o interregnum_fw-la do_v not_o cease_v till_o after_o his_o coronation_n for_o till_o then_o he_o assume_v no_o other_o title_n then_o that_o of_o king_n elect_n neither_o be_v his_o letter_n to_o foreign_a prince_n seal_v with_o any_o other_o seal_n than_o that_o of_o the_o chamber_n so_o that_o though_o the_o present_a king_n be_v permit_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o seal_n of_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n before_o his_o coronation_n that_o be_v only_o do_v upon_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o muscovitick_a expedition_n the_o usual_a place_n of_o coronation_n be_v cracow_n where_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v in_o the_o chief_n treasury_n under_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o high_a treasurer_n and_o the_o person_n perform_v the_o ceremony_n be_v always_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n if_o not_o prevent_v by_o sickness_n the_o chief_a ceremony_n at_o the_o coronation_n be_v the_o question_n propound_v to_o the_o king_n will_v thou_o profess_v the_o catholic_n faith_n deliver_v by_o catholic_n man_n answ_n i_o will_n will_v thou_o defend_v and_o maintain_v the_o church_n and_o its_o minister_n will_v thou_o uphold_v defend_v and_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n by_o god_n commit_v to_o thy_o care_n according_a to_o justice_n ans_fw-fr i_o will_n all_o which_o he_o confirm_v by_o the_o usual_a form_n of_o word_n and_o lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o the_o evangelist_n the_o ceremony_n of_o anoint_v be_v perform_v with_o say_v these_o word_n i_o anoint_v thou_o king_n with_o the_o sanctify_a oil_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n the_o word_n of_o confirmation_n be_v sit_v and_o possess_v the_o throne_n appoint_v thou_o by_o god_n let_v thy_o hand_n be_v strengthen_v and_o thy_o right_a hand_n exalt_v the_o solemnity_n be_v end_v the_o king_n repair_v to_o the_o grand_a assembly_n for_o the_o coronation_n where_o the_o interrex_n resign_v his_o authority_n and_o the_o senator_n together_o with_o the_o nobility_n and_o deputy_n of_o the_o city_n take_v their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n the_o present_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_n more_o plain_o appear_v by_o a_o recital_n of_o the_o article_n to_o the_o observance_n whereof_o they_o bound_v themselves_o as_o well_o before_o as_o at_o their_o coronation_n for_o they_o contain_v all_o the_o essential_a property_n of_o regal_a dominion_n under_o the_o name_n of_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la as_o to_o their_o power_n in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n the_o roman-catholick_n king_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v so_o kind_a as_o to_o part_v with_o their_o chief_a prerogative_n in_o that_o particular_a reserve_v only_o to_o themselves_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n the_o king_n swear_v to_o maintain_v peace_n between_o the_o dissenter_n in_o religion_n of_o which_o there_o be_v many_o in_o poland_n and_o to_o compose_v the_o cause_n and_o difference_n among_o person_n profess_v the_o greek_a religion_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la swear_v to_o by_o john_n the_o three_o now_o reign_v as_o for_o foundation_n of_o church_n and_o monastery_n whatsoever_o liberty_n the_o king_n may_v have_v to_o erect_v they_o be_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o all_o the_o order_n at_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o thus_o the_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o academy_n of_o vilna_n be_v also_o confirm_v the_o next_o prerogative_n be_v the_o legislative_a power_n concern_v which_o we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n of_o make_v law_n themselves_o as_o necessity_n require_v but_o afterward_o when_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v law_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o peer_n insomuch_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1570_o enact_v that_o no_o law_n shall_v be_v of_o public_a force_n till_o review_v and_o subscribe_v by_o such_o a_o number_n of_o deputy_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o senator_n who_o consent_n be_v to_o be_v require_v beforehand_o whether_o the_o law_n shall_v pass_v which_o law_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o determination_n of_o controversy_n be_v likewise_o former_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a judge_n till_o vladislaus_n jagello_n grant_v this_o privilege_n to_o the_o nobility_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v or_o imprison_v till_o convict_v by_o law_n after_o he_o bathor_n throw_v off_o the_o burden_n of_o hear_v cause_n from_o his_o own_o shoulder_n and_o erect_v several_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o judgement_n of_o such_o cause_n as_o concern_v his_o chequer_n and_o such_o city_n as_o be_v immediate_o under_o his_o jurisdiction_n but_o now_o the_o nobility_n create_v the_o chief_a judge_n or_o marshal_n with_o his_o assistant_n in_o those_o tribunal_n nor_o do_v the_o king_n sit_v alone_o upon_o cause_n that_o come_v before_o he_o by_o way_n of_o appeal_n beside_o the_o king_n swear_v to_o determine_v all_o court_n cause_v according_a to_o the_o advice_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o officer_n reside_v at_o court_n as_o also_o to_o call_v the_o cause_n in_o order_n as_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o register_n and_o neither_o to_o retard_v nor_o further_o any_o cause_n for_o favour_n or_o interest_n the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n do_v former_o without_o doubt_n absolute_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o casimir_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1454_o make_v a_o promise_n that_o he_o will_v undertake_v no_o war_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n at_o this_o day_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la promise_v not_o to_o admit_v or_o call_v in_o any_o foreign_a assistance_n without_o the_o especial_a consent_n of_o the_o estate_n not_o to_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o stand_a militia_n nor_o raise_v force_n private_o not_o to_o send_v aid_n to_o any_o other_o prince_n without_o consent_n as_o aforesaid_a nor_o to_o commit_v the_o trust_n of_o fort_n or_o castle_n to_o stranger_n or_o plebeian_n but_o to_o man_n of_o worth_n and_o land_a nobility_n beside_o all_o these_o engagement_n there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o war_n elect_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n to_o attend_v and_o advise_v he_o in_o the_o field_n according_a to_o the_o late_a constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1676_o and_o several_a other_o before_o he_o be_v also_o
knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n have_v make_v their_o master_n in_o the_o year_n 1525_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o the_o teutonick_n order_n shall_v be_v whole_o extirpate_v and_o that_o part_n of_o prussia_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v ducal_z prussia_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a marquis_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n or_o regal_a prussia_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n shall_v always_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v precedent_n of_o the_o king_n council_n last_o john_n casimir_n the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n grant_v first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o and_o again_o 1663._o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n over_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o dukedom_n upon_o defect_n of_o male_a issue_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o supreme_a landlord_n and_o be_v confer_v on_o the_o duke_n of_o onoldsbach_n and_o culmbach_n as_o feudatary_n muscovy_n muscovy_n how_o affair_n stand_v at_o present_a between_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v by_o both_o party_n a.d._n 1667_o speak_v of_o before_o but_o former_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v lay_v claim_n and_o make_v good_a their_o title_n either_o by_o justice_n or_o the_o sword_n to_o several_a large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o first_o jorislaus_n duke_n of_o russia_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n a.d._n 1018._o afterward_o a.d._n 1069_o boleslaus_n ii_o possess_v himself_o of_o kiow_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o russia_n over_o which_o he_o set_v jesaslaus_n a_o tributary_n duke_n after_o his_o death_n continual_a war_n be_v between_o the_o two_o nation_n till_o casimir_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 1340_o reduce_v the_o southern_a russia_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n but_o how_o little_a of_o that_o remain_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v show_v before_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v style_v themselves_o king_n of_o sweden_n sweden_n sweden_n upon_o no_o other_o pretence_n then_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n but_o this_o title_n cease_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n as_o have_v already_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o description_n of_o liefland_n of_o the_o pretension_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v see_v to_o what_o kingdom_n and_o country_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v in_o former_a age_n claim_v a_o right_a and_o title_n and_o we_o may_v perhaps_o find_v as_o many_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o have_v challenge_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o as_o good_a ground_n but_o to_o omit_v the_o many_o conquest_n obtain_v by_o the_o russian_n bohemian_o hungarian_n and_o other_o over_o the_o pole_n enough_o to_o entitle_v any_o potent_a prince_n to_o their_o kingdom_n the_o strong_a pretension_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v those_o of_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o most_o of_o the_o polish_v historian_n tell_v we_o that_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v create_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o before_o which_o time_n the_o prince_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v only_a duke_n this_o story_n be_v confirm_v by_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a writer_n of_o poland_n a_o ancient_a epitaph_n find_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o posen_n in_o which_o among_o other_o commendation_n of_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v the_o follow_a rhythm_n tu_fw-la possedisti_fw-la velut_fw-la athleta_fw-la christi_fw-la regnum_fw-la slavorum_n gothorum_fw-la seu_fw-la polonorum_fw-la caesar_n praecellens_fw-la a_o te_fw-la ducalia_n pellens_fw-la and_o again_o ob_fw-la famam_fw-la bonam_fw-la tibi_fw-la contulit_fw-la otto_n coronam_fw-la propter_fw-la luctamen_fw-la sit_fw-la tibi_fw-la salus_fw-la amen_n however_o though_o the_o historian_n of_o poland_n grant_v that_o boleslaus_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o king_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o they_o deny_v stubborn_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v ever_o subject_a or_o tributary_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o conringius_n a_o ingenious_a and_o learned_a german_a physician_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la germanici_fw-la imperii_fw-la c._n 18._o have_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a for_o not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a conquer_a poland_n as_o well_o as_o silesia_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o christian_a prince_n of_o poland_n pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n and_o the_o polish_v writer_n be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o otto_n iii_o remit_v all_o homage_n due_a otherwise_o to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n when_o he_o create_v he_o king_n after_o boleslaus_n death_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o his_o successor_n be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o usual_a tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o after_o this_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n very_o willing_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o be_v force_v out_o of_o their_o obstinate_a refusal_n at_o last_o in_o the_o long_a vacancy_n of_o the_o imperial_a throne_n soon_o after_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n during_o which_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o elect_a emperor_n whilst_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n be_v in_o a_o confuse_a distraction_n the_o polander_n take_v occasion_n to_o shake_v off_o the_o german_a yoke_n to_o which_o they_o can_v never_o since_o be_v reduce_v this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o relation_n which_o conringius_n give_v we_o of_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o poland_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n found_v chief_o upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o dithmarus_fw-la mersburgensis_n and_o helmoldus_n man_n of_o unquestionable_a veracity_n in_o their_o history_n hartknoch_n endeavour_v to_o evade_v the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n by_o say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o polander_n have_v former_o pay_v some_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o emperor_n by_o who_o it_o be_v demand_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o tribute_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o necessary_o suppose_v any_o dependence_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n for_o it_o be_v ordinary_a even_o with_o the_o emperor_n themselves_o to_o buy_v peace_n with_o money_n and_o thus_o the_o english_a buy_v their_o peace_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o make_v lewis_n xi_o king_n of_o france_n pay_v for_o he_o but_o let_v he_o consider_v first_o whether_o the_o word_n of_o helmoldus_n chron._n slau._n lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 9_o can_v be_v proper_o understand_v of_o any_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o be_v usual_o pay_v by_o any_o nation_n upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n when_o he_o say_v seruit_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la speak_v of_o poland_n sicut_fw-la bohemia_n sub_fw-la tributo_fw-la imperatoriae_fw-la majestati_fw-la here_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o plain_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v in_o his_o time_n as_o much_o tributary_n to_o the_o emperor_n as_o bohemia_n and_o how_o true_o that_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n every_o historian_n will_v show_v again_o it_o be_v not_o very_o considerate_o do_v to_o instance_n in_o the_o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o english_a to_o the_o dane_n or_o by_o lewis_n xi_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o both_o these_o be_v doubtless_o acknowledgement_n of_o subjection_n and_o homage_n the_o dane_n all_o know_v be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o our_o land_n for_o 26_o and_o make_v almost_o continual_a incursion_n into_o it_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 250_o year_n dane-gelt_a which_o perhaps_o hartknoch_n as_o some_o of_o our_o own_o historian_n have_v do_v mistake_v for_o a_o tribute_n or_o composition-money_n pay_v the_o dane_n upon_o any_o invasion_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o subsidy_n gather_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o stand_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o danish_a fury_n afterward_o indeed_o the_o word_n be_v use_v to_o denote_v a_o tribute_n sometime_o amount_v to_o 72000_o pound_n levy_v yearly_a in_o england_n and_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o refusal_n of_o which_o payment_n the_o english_a be_v sure_a to_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o that_o king_n displeasure_n this_o tribute_n be_v certain_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o true_a and_o real_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n which_o may_v have_v last_v long_o have_v not_o the_o saxon_a and_o danish_a line_n be_v peaceable_o unite_v in_o the_o pious_a king_n
forty_o to_o every_o timber_n and_o those_o of_o torna_fw-la be_v tax_v with_o the_o same_o number_n and_o short_o after_o by_o another_o agreement_n in_o the_o year_n 1528_o this_o number_n be_v double_v in_o the_o year_n 1602_o under_o charles_n ix_o they_o pay_v instead_o of_o skin_n every_o ten_o rain-deer_n and_o one_o ten_o of_o all_o their_o dry_a fish_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1606_o it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o same_o king_n that_o over_o and_o above_o this_o certain_a tax_n every_o one_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o age_n of_o seventeen_o year_n shall_v pay_v either_o two_o buck_n or_o three_o do_v out_o of_o their_o rain-deer_n and_o eight_o pound_n of_o dry_a fish_n but_o this_o be_v find_v very_o burdensome_a to_o the_o people_n and_o the_o more_o because_o the_o magistrate_n take_v several_a occasion_n and_o pretence_n to_o increase_v their_o burden_n wherefore_o gustavus_n adolphus_n about_o the_o year_n 1611_o order_v they_o less_o more_o certain_a and_o equal_a payment_n either_o of_o money_n rain-deer_n or_o fur_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o largeness_n or_o smallness_n of_o the_o province_n or_o allotment_n wherein_o they_o dwell_v if_o the_o allotment_n be_v somewhat_o large_a such_o as_o they_o call_v even_o heel_n skat_n i._n e._n of_o whole_a tribute_n they_o pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o king_n two_o patacoon_n but_o if_o lesser_a even_o half_a skat_n i._n e._n of_o half_a tribute_n they_o pay_v but_o one_o patacoon_n or_o in_o lieu_n of_o it_o fifty_o squirrel_n and_o two_o fox_n skin_n with_o one_o pair_n of_o laplandish_a shoe_n if_o any_o one_o have_v no_o mind_n to_o part_v with_o his_o rein-deer_n than_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v three_o patacoon_n which_o be_v the_o set_a price_n of_o it_o and_o can_v be_v refuse_v by_o the_o tax-master_n beside_o these_o great_a contribution_n of_o rain-deer_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v only_o impose_v on_o every_o hundred_o each_o particular_a family_n pay_v a_o lesser_a sort_n of_o tax_n which_o be_v constant_o levy_v upon_o it_o viz._n one_o white_a fox_n skin_n and_o one_o pair_n of_o shoe_n or_o instead_o of_o these_o half_o a_o pound_n of_o dry_a pike_n these_o be_v all_o the_o tribute_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n at_o this_o day_n receive_v out_o of_o lapland_n which_o notwithstanding_o they_o may_v be_v a_o very_a considerable_a addition_n to_o the_o crown-revenue_n have_v be_v by_o the_o singular_a piety_n of_o their_o late_a prince_n either_o whole_o or_o in_o the_o great_a part_n allow_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o minister_n and_o endowment_n of_o public_a school_n in_o the_o laplandish_a country_n and_o because_o the_o laplander_n be_v thus_o oblige_v to_o pay_v tribute_n of_o money_n and_o fur_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n fair_n market_n 〈◊〉_d fair_n which_o every_o native_a can_v provide_v himself_o with_o but_o must_v procure_v by_o bargain_v and_o trade_n they_o have_v several_a market_n and_o fair_n appoint_v among_o they_o whither_o merchant_n of_o other_o country_n as_o muscovy_n norway_n and_o sweden_n especial_o resort_n and_o bring_v with_o they_o those_o commodity_n the_o native_n think_v most_o valuable_a exchange_v they_o for_o fur_n or_o what_o else_o this_o country_n afford_v frequent_o to_o the_o laplander_n small_a but_o the_o buyer_n great_a gain_n these_o fair_n they_o practise_v even_o by_o the_o little_a light_n of_o reason_n from_o their_o beginning_n as_o all_o other_o nation_n do_v for_o when_o one_o abound_v and_o another_o want_n it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v have_v a_o meetingplace_n to_o supply_v one_o another_o but_o these_o lap_n fear_v or_o abhor_v the_o face_n of_o a_o stranger_n be_v put_v to_o some_o difficulty_n in_o their_o barter_n so_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o way_n but_o to_o leave_v their_o commodity_n at_o a_o certain_a place_n and_o after_o a_o while_n return_v accept_v what_o the_o buyer_n be_v please_v to_o leave_v in_o exchange_n for_o they_o therefore_o charles_n ix_o encourage_v they_o to_o a_o more_o confident_a and_o profitable_a way_n of_o traffic_n appoint_v two_o or_o more_o public_a fair_n in_o every_o province_n and_o set_v certain_a different_a rate_n upon_o all_o their_o commodity_n so_o that_o at_o this_o time_n they_o not_o only_a barter_n but_o have_v no_o small_a dexterity_n in_o overreach_v and_o cozen_a stranger_n chapman_n of_o late_o also_o they_o have_v some_o quantity_n of_o money_n bring_v in_o among_o they_o and_o they_o understand_v the_o use_n of_o it_o but_o even_o yet_o be_v either_o so_o stupid_a or_o unaccustomed_a to_o arithmetic_n that_o they_o have_v but_o very_o few_o species_n current_a among_o they_o which_o be_v the_o patacoon_n and_o half_a patacoon_n beside_o some_o very_a few_o brass_n piece_n of_o small_a value_n but_o all_o their_o commodity_n be_v estimate_v according_a to_o the_o patacoon_n as_o the_o best_a bear_n or_o fox_n skin_n at_o one_o patacoon_n forty_o squirrel_n or_o one_o martron_n at_o half_a a_o patacoon_n and_o so_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o manner_n of_o trade_v will_v be_v very_o disadvantageous_a to_o the_o buyer_n if_o there_o be_v not_o customary_o a_o price_n also_o tacit_o set_v upon_o what_o they_o import_v as_o a_o suit_n of_o clothes_n be_v by_o they_o estimate_v at_o three_o patacoon_n and_o one_o pair_n of_o shoe_n or_o four_o pair_n of_o mitten_n at_o half_a a_o patacoon_n and_o the_o like_a but_o though_o they_o use_v trade_v yet_o not_o all_o of_o they_o nor_o any_o of_o they_o out_o of_o necessity_n for_o they_o can_v and_o many_o do_v make_v a_o shift_n with_o their_o natural_a convenience_n use_v themselves_o to_o as_o much_o hardship_n as_o nature_n can_v endure_v fix_a habitation_n they_o have_v none_o â—â—â—ving_v â—â—â—er_o â—â—â—ving_v but_o remove_v their_o dwelling_n according_a to_o the_o season_n for_o hunt_v etc._n etc._n though_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n ix_o this_o their_o wander_a be_v restrain_v by_o his_o confine_v every_o one_o of_o they_o to_o his_o own_o province_n those_o that_o like_a herdsman_n live_v upon_o their_o stock_n of_o rain-deer_n in_o summer_n frequent_v the_o mountain_n which_o be_v too_o cold_a in_o winter_n they_o retire_v to_o the_o valley_n carry_v with_o they_o their_o house_n and_o stuff_n either_o upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o rain-deer_n or_o if_o of_o great_a quantity_n upon_o sledde_n in_o basket_n the_o artificial_a make_n of_o which_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o employment_n their_o dwelling-house_n be_v build_v after_o the_o most_o natural_a and_o homely_a fashion_n dwelling-house_n their_o dwelling-house_n make_v only_o to_o secure_v they_o against_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o weather_n and_o the_o assault_n of_o wild_a beast_n after_o this_o manner_n first_o they_o erect_v four_o post_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o square_a which_o they_o bound_v together_o with_o cross-girder_n and_o rear_v to_o they_o small_a piece_n fasten_v all_o with_o wyth_n these_o except_o the_o door-place_n the_o poor_a sort_n whole_o cover_v with_o bough_n of_o tree_n or_o such_o like_a stuff_n the_o rich_a with_o a_o course_n woollen_a cloth_n or_o a_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o canvas_n in_o these_o house_n or_o tent_n they_o have_v two_o door_n the_o fore-door_n which_o be_v of_o common_a use_n and_o entrance_n for_o the_o whole_a family_n and_o the_o backdoor_n through_o which_o the_o man_n pass_v and_o that_o only_o when_o they_o go_v a_o hunt_n fish_v etc._n etc._n but_o all_o woman_n be_v forbid_v it_o either_o because_o that_o sex_n be_v think_v to_o be_v very_o inauspicious_a to_o those_o exercise_n for_o if_o any_o when_o he_o be_v go_v to_o hunt_v do_v but_o meet_v a_o woman_n he_o present_o return_v back_o and_o leave_v his_o design_n for_o that_o day_n or_o because_o the_o image_n of_o their_o god_n thor_n be_v common_o place_v near_o their_o backdoor_n from_o who_o sacrifice_n and_o presence_n all_o womenkind_n as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v whole_o exclude_v these_o house_n be_v distinguish_v into_o several_a partition_n not_o by_o any_o wall_n but_o only_o by_o great_a post_n or_o log_n of_o wood_n lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n their_o fire-place_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n about_o which_o the_o whole_a family_n lie_v either_o upon_o the_o bare_a earth_n or_o upon_o the_o skin_n of_o rain-deer_n bear_n etc._n etc._n when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o change_v their_o habitation_n which_o they_o do_v constant_o twice_o a_o year_n they_o untie_v this_o their_o tent_n take_v it_o away_o with_o they_o and_o pitch_v it_o in_o a_o more_o convenient_a place_n another_o sort_n of_o house_n among_o they_o be_v the_o granary_n or_o storehouse_n which_o that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o secure_v their_o provision_n from_o wild_a beast_n and_o vermin_n they_o do_v not_o build_v upon_o the_o ground_n but_o at_o some_o small_a distance_n from_o it_o upon_o
34._o christian_n i_o son_n of_o theodoric_n count_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n he_o be_v a_o generous_a pious_a and_o valiant_a prince_n but_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n he_o reduce_v the_o swede_n to_o their_o allegiance_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n annex_v holstein_n to_o his_o dominion_n make_v himself_o duke_n of_o dithmar_n and_o stormar_n and_o have_v rule_v three_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1481_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v at_o roschild_n leave_v his_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n 35._o john_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o royal_a quality_n of_o his_o father_n he_o be_v devout_a in_o exercise_n of_o religion_n temperate_a in_o diet_n grave_n in_o apparel_n and_o valiant_a in_o exploit_n of_o war_n which_o except_v only_o the_o overthrow_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o dithmarsians_n in_o the_o year_n 1500_o prove_v exceed_o successful_a he_o die_v of_o the_o plague_n at_o olburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1513._o 35._o christian_n ii_o king_n john_n son_n who_o be_v the_o bloody_a cruel_a and_o most_o dissolute_a prince_n that_o denmark_n or_o perhaps_o any_o other_o kingdom_n ever_o see_v lindenbruch_n give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o that_o nero_n phalaris_n and_o sylla_n put_v in_o the_o scale_n against_o he_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o then_o half_a a_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n weight_n meursius_n report_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v with_o one_o hand_n grasp_v which_o when_o the_o midwife_n open_v she_o find_v full_a of_o blood_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o his_o father_n as_o a_o certain_a prognostic_n of_o a_o bloody_a mind_n of_o which_o his_o subject_n have_v afterward_o a_o lamentable_a experience_n the_o only_a good_a he_o ever_o do_v his_o country_n be_v the_o sound_n a_o fair_a and_o establish_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a trade_n at_o copenhagen_n at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v by_o his_o wickedness_n throw_v himself_o out_o of_o three_o kingdom_n and_o for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n undergo_v the_o misery_n of_o banishment_n or_o imprisonment_n he_o die_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o kallenborg_n in_o zeeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o 36._o frideric_n i._o king_n john_n brother_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n christian_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1524_o he_o begin_v to_o bring_v the_o augspur_n confession_n into_o all_o the_o church_n of_o denmark_n he_o rule_v almost_o ten_o year_n in_o quietness_n and_o die_v at_o sleswig_n in_o the_o year_n 1533._o 37._o christian_n iii_o frideric_n son_n he_o perfect_v the_o reformation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v in_o the_o church_n he_o live_v and_o dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1559_o a_o prince_n of_o singular_a piety_n wisdom_n temperance_n justice_n and_o all_o royal_a virtue_n and_o leave_v behind_o a_o fair_a pattern_n of_o a_o happy_a king_n and_o good_a christian_n to_o his_o son_n 37._o frederic_n ii_o who_o have_v exact_o imitate_v his_o father_n example_n after_o a_o happy_a reign_n of_o twenty-nine_o year_n dye_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o anderscow_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o dithmar_n who_o he_o quell_v with_o small_a trouble_n afterward_o he_o wage_v war_n with_o eric_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n which_o last_v seven_o year_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n 39_o christian_n iu_o before_o his_o father_n burial_n be_v elect_v and_o soon_o after_o crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ferdinand_n ii_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n and_o have_v once_o well_o nigh_o bring_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o king_n christian_n contract_v as_o it_o be_v all_o the_o exspire_a spirit_n of_o his_o realm_n make_v the_o imperialist_n at_o last_o give_v ground_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o treaty_n upon_o honourable_a term_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 40._o frederic_n iii_o who_o receive_v as_o great_a a_o blow_n from_o the_o swede_n as_o his_o father_n have_v do_v from_o the_o german_n charles_n gustave_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v bring_v he_o to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o copenhagen_n which_o city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n will_v doubtless_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a prince_n jealous_a of_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o he_o that_o desire_v a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o beginning_n continuance_n and_o end_n of_o these_o northern_a war_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o accurate_a history_n of_o they_o write_v by_o r._n manley_n and_o print_v in_o the_o year_n 1670._o king_n frideric_n get_v his_o noble_n persuade_v to_o consent_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o norway_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a and_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v hereditary_a king_n the_o twenty-third_a day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n the_o twenty-fifth_a day_n of_o february_n 16_o 69_o 70._o and_o that_o night_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o nobility_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n 41._o christian_n v._o now_o reign_v a_o valiant_a and_o active_a prince_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n consist_v of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o king_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o his_o near_a relation_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n or_o oytin_n who_o be_v all_o descend_v from_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o except_v the_o house_n of_o oytin_n and_o gottorp_n who_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o his_o brother_n adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n the_o noble_n who_o never_o pretend_v to_o nor_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o dukes_z earls_z or_o baron_n be_v such_o as_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v a_o single_a coat_n of_o arm_n belong_v to_o their_o family_n which_o they_o never_o alter_v nor_o quarter_n with_o any_o other_o there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n some_o family_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n as_o wren_n and_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o sign_v of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o king_n hemming_n on_o the_o eidor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o nobleman_n all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a be_v divide_v among_o his_o child_n so_o as_o a_o son_n have_v two_o moiety_n and_o a_o daughter_n only_o one_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n the_o king_n be_v prohibit_v to_o purchase_v any_o part_n of_o a_o nobleman_n estate_n nor_o can_v any_o of_o the_o nobility_n buy_v any_o of_o the_o crown_n land_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n at_o this_o day_n in_o denmark_n be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o l'estat_fw-la des_fw-fr royaume_n de_fw-fr l'europe_n in_o the_o follow_a alphabetical_a order_n achsel_n appelgard_n alefeld_n andersem_n bielke_n banner_n brach_n bilig_n below_o bild_n brokenhusem_n biorn_n beck_n blick_n bassi_n bax_n baselich_n bockowlt_n bud_n baggen_n bammelberg_n brune_n blom_n blocktorp_n breiden_n daac_n dresselberch_n dune_n duram_fw-la dam_n freze_n fassi_fw-la falster_n falcke_n guldenstern_n grub_n goce_fw-mi green_n gelschut_v gall_n gram_n grissel_n goss_n gadendorp_n grabow_n hardenberg_n holke_n hoken_n hiderstorper_n hube_n hesten_n hager_n holer_n hoeken_fw-mi hoier_n hacken_n harberger_n jul_n juensen_n juenan_n jensen_n johensen_n korwitz_n krabbe_n kaas_z krusen_n kragge_n krumpen_a krumdick_n kercberg_n karssenbrock_n koelet_n knutzen_n lange_n lindeman_n lung_n lutkem_n laxman_n lancken_n leven_n lindow_n monk_n matiessen_n marizer_n must_v matre_fw-la meinstorf_n moeten_n magnussen_n negel_n narbu_n norman_n ofren_n otten_n pasberg_n podessen_n podebussen_n papenheimb_n podwisch_n plessen_n pensen_n paisen_n petersen_n qualem_fw-la quittow_n ranzaw_v rosenkrantz_n rastorp_n ruthede_v reuter_n ruten_n rosenspart_n rosengard_n ronnow_n reventlow_n ratlow_n ritzerow_n schram_n schefeldt_n schelen_n seestedt_n stuege_n swron_n stantbeke_fw-mi split_v solle_n swaben_n santbarch_n spar_n spegel_n sturen_n suinem_fw-la staken_v stove_n siversen_n trolle_v totten_n vhrup_n vonsflet_n vantinnen_n vken_n voien_fw-fr vlstandt_n vren_n wlefeld_n walkendorp_n wipfert_n witfelt_n wogersen_n wenfsterman_n will_v worm_n walstorp_n wenfin_fw-fr wittorp_n though_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o make_v duke_n knight_n knight_n marquis_n earl_n or_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v usual_a
part_n of_o germany_n so_o that_o these_o still_o retain_v their_o ancient_a form_n until_o the_o frank_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o introduce_v new_a mode_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a sort_n of_o government_n everywhere_o for_o these_o conqueror_n imitate_v the_o roman_n reduce_v all_o germany_n into_o province_n over_o which_o they_o appoint_v so_o many_o duke_n who_o have_v authority_n to_o govern_v and_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o respective_a commission_n to_o these_o duke_n they_o sometime_o add_v assistant_n who_o be_v from_o their_o office_n which_o be_v to_o aid_v the_o duke_n in_o the_o management_n of_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n call_v count_n or_o comites_fw-la the_o duke_n be_v always_o elect_v by_o the_o king_n and_o nobility_n out_o of_o some_o illustrious_a family_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o decease_a duke_n son_n be_v capable_a and_o worthy_a of_o his_o father_n honour_n he_o be_v seldom_o reject_v at_o last_o the_o power_n of_o these_o duke_n grow_v exceed_o great_a and_o terrible_a insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o several_a of_o they_o to_o deny_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n which_o when_o charles_n the_o great_a observe_v he_o destroy_v the_o two_o great_a dukedom_n of_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n aquitane_n and_o bavaria_n by_o divide_v they_o into_o several_a small_a county_n but_o not_o long_o after_o charles_n death_n the_o emperor_n create_v new_a duke_n in_o most_o place_n where_o he_o have_v change_v they_o into_o count_n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o the_o former_a strait_n every_o duke_n pretend_v to_o and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n in_o his_o own_o province_n the_o first_o of_o these_o that_o grow_v formidable_o potent_a be_v otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o elect_a emperor_n who_o though_o he_o refuse_v the_o imperial_a diadem_n and_o get_v it_o confer_v on_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n in_o his_o time_n after_o otho_n death_n the_o emperor_n conrade_n use_v all_o mean_n possible_a to_o reduce_v the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n to_o some_o tolerable_a mediocrity_n but_o his_o endeavour_n prove_v unsuccessful_a and_o duke_n henry_n stout_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n which_o his_o father_n otho_n have_v enjoy_v without_o disturbance_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o emperor_n lay_v under_o a_o obligation_n of_o create_v new_a duke_n who_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n the_o government_n of_o several_a potent_a city_n set_v up_o for_o almost_o absolute_a prince_n our_o learned_a antiquary_n mr._n selden_n reckon_v up_o six_o several_a sort_n of_o grave_n or_o count_n which_o be_v these_o 1._o schlechtgraven_a or_o simple_a count_n 2._o count_n palatine_a which_o as_o will_v be_v show_v anon_o be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a other_o branch_n 3._o count_n of_o the_o empire_n 4._o marck-grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o frontier_n 5._o landtgrave_n or_o count_n of_o province_n 6._o burggrave_n or_o count_n of_o city_n and_o great_a to_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o seven_o sort_n here-graven_a who_o answer_v exact_o to_o the_o primitive_a duke_n or_o hertzogen_a for_o as_o the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v to_o conduct_v and_o govern_v the_o soldier_n so_o the_o other_o be_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n as_o field-judge_n the_o gefurstete_n graven_n do_v not_o make_v a_o distinct_a species_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o such_o count_n as_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a title_n may_v challenge_v that_o of_o first_fw-ge or_o prince_n in_o the_o old_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n we_o meet_v with_o almost_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o inferior_a officer_n who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o graven_n bestow_v on_o they_o such_o be_v 1._o centgrave_a he_o that_o have_v the_o government_n of_o a_o hundred_o we_o may_v english_a the_o word_n high-constable_n 2._o holtz-grave_a or_o wald-grave_a overseer_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o forest_n 3._o gograf_n of_o which_o before_o 4._o spiel-grave_a the_o master_n of_o the_o revel_n 5._o hans-grave_a a_o title_n former_o give_v to_o the_o chief_a judge_n in_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o trade_n debate_v in_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n but_o we_o shall_v not_o weary_v the_o reader_n with_o insist_v upon_o these_o obsolete_a title_n of_o honour_n content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o six_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v all_o our_o famous_a antiquary_n beforemention_v have_v think_v worthy_a his_o take_a notice_n of_o the_o first_o be_v such_o as_o be_v style_v bare_o count_n schlechtgraven_v schlechtgraven_v without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o more_o than_o the_o place_n which_o give_v they_o that_o title_n as_o der_n graf_n von_fw-mi eissenburg_n der_n graf_n von_fw-mi ortenberg_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v former_o only_a four_o of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n who_o be_v ordinary_o call_v die_n vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n i._n e._n the_o four_o grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n these_o be_v the_o count_n of_o cleve_n schwartzenburg_n ciley_n and_o savoy_n but_o since_o the_o count_n of_o cleve_n and_o savoy_n be_v advance_v to_o duke_n and_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o ciley_n be_v extinct_a which_o happen_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n in_o thuringen_n be_v the_o only_a prince_n that_o bear_v that_o title_n still_v himself_o usual_o to_o this_o day_n der_fw-mi vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n reichs_n grave_a zu_fw-ge schwartzenburg_n i._n e._n of_o the_o four_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n beside_o he_o there_o be_v nowadays_o several_a other_o german_a count_n who_o may_v just_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o head_n though_o they_o have_v no_o investiture_n into_o any_o graffschaft_n or_o county_n but_o be_v only_o style_v count_n of_o some_o small_a castle_n or_o inconsiderable_a territory_n of_o which_o they_o be_v lord_n such_o be_v the_o count_n of_o ottingen_n and_o zollern_n who_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o posterity_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o thence_o retain_v the_o title_n though_o not_o the_o grandeur_n and_o power_n of_o their_o ancestor_n count_n palatine_n call_v by_o the_o german_n pfaltzgraven_a palatine_a count_n palatine_a or_o dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n hoffe-graven_a be_v such_o as_o have_v in_o their_o title_n a_o certain_a eminence_n of_o their_o dignity_n from_o a_o relation_n as_o their_o name_n denote_v to_o the_o emperor_n court_n or_o palace_n for_o palatinus_n be_v but_o the_o possessive_a of_o palatium_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o household_n with_o we_o in_o england_n but_o this_o title_n be_v twofold_a 1._o original_o feudal_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o name_n of_o some_o territory_n or_o grafschaft_n with_o such_o jura_fw-la imperii_fw-la &_o majestatis_fw-la as_o other_o ordinary_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v not_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n 2._o mere_o personal_a without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o particular_a territory_n proper_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o dignity_n both_o the_o title_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o late_a kind_n be_v original_o to_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n but_o the_o former_a though_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o the_o name_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la yet_o be_v in_o ordinary_a use_n as_o to_o the_o name_n and_o title_n only_o in_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o francic_a king_n long_o before_o their_o kingdom_n be_v change_v into_o a_o empire_n a_o chief_a officer_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o comes_fw-la palatii_fw-la or_o count_n palatine_n who_o have_v a_o viceregency_n under_o the_o king_n in_o like_a sort_n as_o the_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la in_o the_o elder_a empire_n or_o the_o old_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n under_o our_o ancient_a king_n that_o be_v he_o have_v the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n in_o all_o cause_n that_o come_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_a audience_n i_o suppose_v the_o office_n of_o hofmeister_n use_v to_o this_o day_n in_o every_o german_a prince_n court_n be_v a_o relic_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o that_o come_v palatii_fw-la might_n easy_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la or_o hofmeister_n will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o any_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o shall_v consider_v the_o signification_n which_o the_o word_n come_v have_v among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o the_o usual_a compellation_n of_o
the_o follow_a order_n 2._o frideric_n ii_o son_n to_o the_o first_o 3._o ernest_n frideric_n the_o second_o be_v son_n 4._o frideric_n iii_o ernest_n son_n 5._o john_n frideric_n the_o three_o brother_n 6._o john-frideric_a the_o son_n of_o john_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n 7._o maurice_n cousin-german_a to_o his_o predecessor_n john_n who_o drive_v charles_n the_o five_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o siffridhuse_v against_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 8._o augustus_n maurice_n brother_n 9_o christian_n augustus_n son_n 10._o christian_n ii_o son_n of_o christian_a the_o first_o 11._o john_n george_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o first_o side_v with_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n against_o the_o elector_n palatine_n and_o afterward_o with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n against_o the_o emperor_n 12._o john_n george_n ii_o son_n to_o john_n george_n the_o first_o he_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o time_n in_o ease_n and_o quiet_a and_o die_v this_o last_o year_n 1680_o in_o a_o good_a old_a age_n leave_v the_o electorate_v to_o his_o son_n 13._o john_n george_n iii_o this_o elector_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o low_a stature_n but_o great_a spirit_n something_a fat_a and_o corpulent_a but_o withal_o active_a and_o brisk_a he_o be_v bear_v the_o 20_o day_n of_o june_n a._n d._n 1647_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1663._o marry_v ann_n sophia_n princess_n of_o denmark_n and_o sister_n to_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n by_o she_o he_o have_v several_a child_n the_o elder_a of_o who_o john_n george_n be_v the_o electoral_a prince_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n be_v think_v to_o be_v as_o great_a at_o least_o as_o any_o other_o prince_n in_o germany_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n except_v only_o the_o imperial_a family_n although_o the_o circuit_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o number_n of_o his_o subject_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o what_o his_o neighbour_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v master_n of_o they_o that_o reckon_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n to_o amount_v to_o 400000_o pound_n sterling_a speak_v modest_o enough_o and_o he_o that_o shall_v careful_o compute_v all_o the_o income_n of_o his_o treasury_n from_o the_o imposition_n upon_o beer_n and_o all_o other_o commidity_n from_o tax_n mine_n etc._n etc._n will_v i_o presume_v find_v it_o rise_v to_o a_o much_o large_a sum_n the_o profit_n which_o arise_v to_o he_o out_o of_o the_o silver_n mine_n at_o freyberg_n and_o some_o other_o place_n in_o his_o territory_n have_v be_v long_o since_o compute_v to_o amount_v yearly_a to_o 130000_o pound_n and_o certain_o the_o daily_a increase_n of_o labourer_n will_v rather_o augment_v that_o sum_n the_o excise_n or_o impost_n upon_o beer_n in_o leipsick_a only_a a_o city_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o two_o parish_n be_v usual_o farm_a at_o the_o rate_n of_o 20000_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la beside_o this_o and_o the_o like_a custom_n he_o have_v ten_o of_o all_o the_o corn_n fruit_n wine_n etc._n etc._n in_o his_o country_n add_v to_o these_o the_o great_a stand_a tax_n lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n grant_v at_o first_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o hostility_n but_o gather_v since_o in_o day_n of_o peace_n at_o least_o as_o to_o that_o enemy_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o receive_v he_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v attack_v this_o country_n answerable_a to_o these_o vast_a revenue_n be_v the_o pomp_n and_o splendour_n of_o his_o court_n his_o attendants_z be_v usual_o more_o numerous_a than_o the_o train_n of_o any_o of_o his_o neighbour-prince_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o elector_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v court_n at_o the_o same_o time_n three_o duke_n as_o many_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n of_o foreign_a nation_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v pensioner_n to_o that_o prince_n nor_o have_v the_o two_o late_a elector_n abate_v much_o of_o this_o state_n and_o grandeur_n witness_v the_o funeral_n of_o john_n george_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o at_o which_o be_v twentyfour_o horse_n of_o state_n cover_v with_o black_a and_o the_o electoral_a eschutcheon_n wrought_v thereon_o each_o of_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o two_o gentleman_n after_o which_o follow_v three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o person_n in_o mourning_n the_o court_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v always_o more_o brand_v with_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v then_o any_o other_o prince_n palace_n in_o germany_n nor_o have_v the_o elector_n themselves_o be_v able_a to_o shun_v the_o imputation_n a_o red_a nose_n be_v as_o be_v report_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o historian_n the_o inseparable_a badge_n of_o that_o family_n ii_o leipzig_n leipzig_n leipzig_n this_o city_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o vandal_n who_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 700_o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n word_n lipzk_n which_o signify_v a_o lindentree_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o timber_n which_o former_o grow_v in_o this_o place_n whence_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o phylurea_n instead_o of_o lipsia_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tilia_fw-la it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o concourse_n of_o three_o small_a river_n the_o elster_n pleissa_n and_o parda_fw-it in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n and_o pleasure_n as_o large_a and_o rich_a meadow_n which_o be_v mow_v twice_o constant_o sometime_o thrice_o a_o year_n pleasant_a wood_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o fine_a orchard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n within_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o orchard_n or_o garden_n but_o the_o whole_a plot_n of_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o stately_a fabric_n pleissenburg_n or_o the_o castle_n seat_v on_o the_o pleissa_n which_o defend_v the_o town_n be_v a_o strong_a fort_n and_o strict_o guard_v and_o st._n nicolas_n church_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o fair_a on_o the_o inside_n of_o any_o lutheran_n church_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n have_v general_o well-built_a house_n many_o whereof_o especial_o near_o the_o marketplace_n be_v seven_o some_o nine_o story_n high_a near_o this_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n insomuch_o that_o this_o town_n be_v five_o several_a time_n besiege_v and_o take_v in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o imperialist_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o august_n 1633._o but_o restore_v upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n sign_v at_o prague_n a._n d._n 1635._o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o beside_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n which_o be_v think_v to_o flourish_v here_o in_o a_o more_o refine_a strain_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o misnia_n and_o consequent_o of_o germany_n the_o three_o thing_n follow_v 1._o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n from_o all_o place_n of_o note_n in_o europe_n especial_o dure_v the_o three_o fair_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v yearly_o at_o christmas_n easter_n and_o michaelmas_n 2._o the_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o elector_n himself_o be_v bind_v to_o appear_v upon_o summons_n the_o manner_n of_o procede_v in_o this_o court_n be_v at_o large_a deliver_v by_o zobelius_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v differentiae_fw-la juris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la &_o civilis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o chronicon_fw-la lipsiense_n write_v not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o high_o dutch._n 3._o the_o university_n which_o be_v found_v here_o a._n d._n 1408_o upon_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o hussites_n and_o papist_n at_o prague_n whereby_o the_o former_a be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o town_n and_o to_o settle_v themselves_o at_o leipsig_n to_o which_o city_n two_o thousand_o of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v flock_v in_o one_o day_n there_o be_v in_o it_o at_o this_o day_n four_o college_n and_o twenty_o four_o public_a professor_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a professor_n of_o divinity_n be_v dr._n john_n adam_n schertzer_n a_o person_n of_o wonderful_a humanity_n and_o as_o great_a learning_n the_o several_a book_n he_o have_v publish_v especial_o his_o collegium_fw-la anti-socinianum_a wherein_o he_o have_v brave_o confute_v those_o knotty_a argument_n of_o the_o cracovian_a party_n which_o few_o of_o his_o countryman_n before_o he_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o world_n the_o quickness_n of_o his_o part_n and_o foundness_n of_o his_o judgement_n his_o
tract_n in_o latin_a contain_v its_o description_n and_o virtue_n the_o other_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o silesia_n rivers_n rivers_n it_o spring_v near_o the_o town_n oder_fw-ge not_o far_o from_o teschen_n on_o the_o border_n of_o moravia_n and_o pass_v by_o ratibor_n cossel_n oppelen_n brieg_n brieslaw_n glogaw_n beuthen_n and_o crossen_n with_o some_o more_o city_n of_o less_o note_n before_o it_o leave_v this_o dukedom_n other_o remarkable_a river_n be_v the_o bober_n neisse_n ohla_n and_o queiss_n beside_o these_o it_o be_v the_o honour_n of_o silesia_n that_o the_o vistula_n the_o best_a river_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o elb_n spring_v out_o of_o its_o mountain_n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o country_n good_a store_n of_o pond_n and_o lake_n which_o yield_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a water_n fish_n especial_o lamprey_n which_o be_v catch_v in_o prodigious_a quantity_n in_o the_o neisslish_a sea_n and_o some_o other_o water_n other_o commodity_n of_o the_o land_n be_v mad_a â—â—moâ—â—ies_n â—â—moâ—â—ies_n flax_n sweet_a cane_n or_o galengal_n wine_n especial_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n and_o crossen_n silver_n copper_n lead_v iron_n and_o chalk_n they_o have_v plenty_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o some_o good_a salt_n though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o use_n so_o that_o daily_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v bring_v in_o from_o poland_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n they_o have_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o wild_a and_o tame_a beast_n that_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afford_v butter_n cheese_n particular_o a_o kind_n of_o pitiful_a stuff_n make_v of_o ewe_n milk_n bacon_n honey_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o great_a trade_v commodity_n they_o have_v be_v wool_n and_o flax._n silesia_n have_v breed_v several_a good_a scholar_n and_o brisk_a wit_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n though_o the_o ordinary_a rustic_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o people_n of_o a_o shallow_a understanding_n and_o small_a sense_n they_o be_v common_o in_o way_n of_o derision_n style_v by_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n eselsfresser_n or_o ass-eater_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o nickname_n some_o say_v be_v this_o a_o blunt_a country_n rustic_a travel_v from_o near_a breslaw_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n '_o spy_v in_o a_o field_n a_o ass_n feed_v which_o the_o poor_a fellow_n have_v never_o before_o see_v the_o like_a creature_n mistake_v unhappy_o for_o a_o overgrow_a hare_n whereupon_o discharge_v his_o blunderbuss_n he_o shoot_v the_o strange_a beast_n and_o bring_v it_o home_o to_o his_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n who_o be_v a_o pack_n of_o bumpkin_n of_o no_o long_a head_n than_o himself_o roast_a and_o eat_v up_o the_o outlandish_a puss_n this_o be_v the_o relation_n which_o the_o common_a people_n of_o silesia_n give_v of_o their_o title_n another_o story_n be_v that_o the_o miner_n at_o reichenstein_n not_o far_o from_o glatz_n have_v discover_v a_o vein_n of_o gold-ore_n which_o they_o name_v der_fw-mi guldener_n esel_n lay_v at_o it_o continual_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o stranger_n or_o foreigner_n shall_v share_v with_o they_o in_o the_o treasure_n and_o hence_o they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o ass-eater_n from_o stuff_v their_o purse_n and_o not_o their_o carcase_n but_o this_o late_a narrative_a may_n possible_o have_v be_v contrive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o silesian_n wit_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v in_o hope_n to_o wear_v off_o the_o disgrace_n and_o ignominy_n of_o the_o former_a some_o of_o they_o like_o the_o boar_n of_o italy_n and_o bohemia_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o reckon_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o the_o snnset_a but_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n observe_v that_o method_n the_o lieutenantship_n of_o silesia_n be_v for_o some_o time_n commit_v to_o mathias_n corvinus_n king_n of_o hungary_n but_o afterward_o be_v confer_v upon_o the_o bishop_n of_o breslaw_n until_o the_o emperor_n rudolf_n ii_o decree_v that_o this_o charge_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o some_o of_o the_o temporal_a prince_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o be_v to_o be_v nominate_v as_o well_o as_o the_o subordinate_a lieutenant_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a dukedom_n or_o county_n by_o the_o council_n chamber_n at_o prague_n to_o who_o be_v also_o commit_v at_o the_o the_o same_o time_n the_o supreme_a inspection_n into_o all_o lawcase_n and_o the_o different_a administration_n of_o justice_n in_o all_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o each_o particular_a province_n christianity_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o poland_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o silesia_n religion_n religion_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o that_o great_a dukedom_n about_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o beginning_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o religion_n in_o these_o part_n the_o polander_n and_o silesian_n be_v wont_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o in_o wood_n and_o other_o desert_n place_n of_o the_o land_n for_o fear_n of_o lay_v themselves_o too_o open_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o magistrate_n who_o be_v man_n of_o another_o persuasion_n but_o at_o last_o christianity_n be_v admit_v to_o court_n for_o mieceslaus_n duke_n of_o poland_n have_v marry_v drambronica_n daughter_n of_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n a_o christian_n be_v himself_o baptize_v at_o gnesna_n in_o the_o year_n 965._o whereupon_o he_o cause_v nine_o bishopric_n to_o be_v erect_v in_o his_o dominion_n among_o which_o one_o be_v found_v at_o schmogra_fw-la in_o silesia_n which_o be_v afterward_o remove_v to_o bitschen_n and_o at_o length_n fix_v at_o breslaw_n soon_o after_o the_o reformation_n begin_v by_o luther_n the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v bring_v hither_o and_o at_o last_o confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n rudolph_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1609._o but_o ferdinand_n ii_o ah_o bloody_a persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n repeal_v that_o charter_n allow_v the_o public_a profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o and_o that_o too_o with_o several_a limitation_n and_o restriction_n however_o that_o emperor_n be_v sensible_a before_o his_o death_n how_o vain_a it_o be_v to_o endeavour_v the_o extirpation_n of_o protestant_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n some_o year_n after_o groan_v under_o the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o his_o misguide_a zeal_n for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o silesian_n be_v at_o this_o day_n general_o lutheran_n only_o some_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n with_o their_o dependent_n adhere_v still_o to_o the_o superstition_n and_o foppery_n of_o the_o romanist_n we_o have_v hitherto_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o general_a account_n of_o the_o vast_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a province_n which_o make_v up_o this_o large_a territory_n begin_v with_o i._o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o silesian_n prince_n be_v dukedom_n dukedom_n by_o the_o subtlety_n of_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n set_v at_o variance_n and_o enmity_n among_o themselves_o of_o which_o stratagem_n we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n this_o dukedom_n be_v first_o separate_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o silesia_n dominion_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1272_o the_o city_n of_o crossen_n be_v pawn_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o redeem_v within_o two_o year_n after_o by_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n four_o year_n after_o this_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n pawn_v it_o a_o second_o time_n to_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n for_o four_o thousand_o crown_n towards_o the_o ransom_n of_o their_o duke_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o marquis_n shall_v not_o give_v assistance_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o lignitz_n in_o his_o war_n against_o their_o city_n not_o long_o after_o crossen_n be_v again_o redeem_v out_o of_o the_o marquise_n hand_n but_o john_n the_o great_a common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cicero_n germanicus_n get_v possession_n of_o it_o a_o second_o time_n in_o lieu_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n owe_v he_o for_o his_o wife_n portion_n again_o john_n duke_n of_o sagan_n deliver_v up_o this_o dukedom_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n the_o three_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1391._o last_o joachim_n ii_o and_o his_o brother_n john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v the_o sole_a and_o entire_a possession_n of_o this_o dukedom_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o bohemia_n since_o which_o time_n the_o elector_n have_v always_o enjoy_v it_o and_o style_v themselves_o duke_n of_o crossen_n in_o silesia_n crossen_n city_n city_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n signify_v the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n
patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n but_o since_o he_o none_o till_o this_o time_n there_o be_v no_o other_o metropolitan_a in_o all_o russia_n but_o this_o of_o moskow_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o but_o that_o church_n be_v become_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o immediate_o make_v two_o new_a metropolitan_o the_o one_o of_o novogrod_n velica_fw-la the_o other_o of_o rostove_n these_o be_v the_o only_a archbishopric_n before_o but_o since_o that_o they_o have_v add_v two_o more_o one_o of_o casanskoi_n and_o swiatskoi_n who_o reside_v at_o casan_n the_o other_o of_o sarskoi_n and_o pondoskoi_n who_o live_v common_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o moskow_n and_o be_v the_o patriarch_n substitute_n or_o coadjutor_n when_o upon_o any_o good_a cause_n as_o age_n sickness_n or_o the_o like_a he_o be_v hinder_v from_o officiate_a they_o have_v also_o as_o possevine_n complain_v but_o eleven_o bishop_n for_o all_o that_o large_a empire_n but_o since_o that_o time_n they_o have_v add_v then_o i_o suppose_v because_o of_o their_o conquest_n and_o advance_v all_o except_o one_o that_o be_v the_o bishop_n of_o comenskoi_n and_o cassieskoi_n who_o live_v at_o columna_fw-la into_o archbishopric_n the_o patriarch_n have_v absolute_a power_n in_o what_o concern_v religion_n with_o such_o authority_n that_o even_o in_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o civil_a government_n he_o reform_v what_o he_o think_v prejudicial_a to_o religion_n without_o give_v the_o grand_a tzar_n any_o account_n of_o it_o who_o without_o any_o contestation_n command_v the_o order_n make_v by_o the_o patriarch_n to_o be_v execute_v as_o the_o late_a patriarch_n nicon_n be_v a_o enemy_n to_o music_n forbid_v all_o music_n in_o their_o merry_a meeting_n and_o search_v the_o house_n in_o moskow_n for_o such_o instrument_n and_o burn_v five_o wagon-load_n of_o they_o leo_n juâ—â—tion_n 〈◊〉_d juâ—â—tion_n their_o first_o metropolitan_a have_v his_o see_n at_o chiow_n afterward_o when_o wolodomiria_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o metropolitan_a also_o remove_v thither_o accompany_v still_o the_o prince_n and_o now_o be_v at_o moskow_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o church_n for_o beside_o their_o authority_n over_o the_o clergy_n and_o order_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n they_o take_v cognisance_n also_o of_o cause_n testamentary_a matrimonial_a some_o plea_n of_o injury_n etc._n etc._n they_o never_o visit_v their_o diocese_n but_o have_v certain_a layman_n in_o who_o judgement_n they_o can_v confide_v to_o give_v they_o account_v of_o the_o life_n and_o demeanour_n of_o the_o clergy_n they_o have_v also_o official_o or_o commissary_n call_v boiaren_n vladitskey_n layman_n they_o have_v both_o archdeacon_n and_o protodeacons_n but_o not_o employ_v in_o those_o office_n that_o keep_v their_o court_n and_o exercise_v their_o jurisdiction_n and_o these_o be_v not_o appoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n but_o by_o the_o emperor_n though_o he_o seldom_o deny_v the_o bishop_n to_o nominate_v if_o he_o request_v it_o but_o every_o bishop_n have_v for_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n and_o for_o the_o more_o solemn_a service_n of_o god_n a_o council_n of_o twentyfour_o priest_n of_o his_o diocese_n who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v prebend_n or_o canon_n of_o his_o cathedral_n church_n where_o they_o continual_o reside_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o bishop_n have_v be_v as_o they_o say_v great_a then_o now_o they_o be_v the_o patriarch_n have_v about_o three_o thousand_o rubble_n per_fw-la a_o the_o metropolitan_o and_o archbishop_n about_o two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o but_o all_o this_o revenue_n be_v not_o for_o their_o own_o use_n but_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o furnish_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n such_o a_o number_n of_o soldier_n the_o nomination_n of_o bishop_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n bishop_n election_n of_o their_o bishop_n who_o always_o take_v they_o from_o among_o the_o monk_n which_o oblige_v they_o all_o to_o live_v unmarried_a not_o to_o eat_v flesh_n wear_v no_o ring_n or_o linen_n shirt_n or_o drawer_n beside_o other_o the_o like_o monastic_a observance_n the_o patriarch_n be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n clergy_n and_o abbot_n who_o give_v notice_n of_o their_o election_n to_o the_o prince_n if_o he_o disapprove_v it_o they_o choose_v another_o late_o at_o the_o election_n of_o nicon_n the_o clergy_n name_v two_o and_o can_v not_o agree_v the_o emperor_n cause_v they_o to_o cast_v lot_n and_o the_o lot_n fall_v three_o time_n upon_o the_o person_n of_o nicon_n of_o inferior_a clergy_n they_o have_v a_o very_a great_a number_n clergy_n inferior_a clergy_n there_o be_v many_o parish_n in_o their_o city_n though_o unequal_o divide_v some_o much_o big_a than_o other_o and_o every_o church_n many_o priest_n belong_v to_o it_o they_o have_v no_o particular_a care_n of_o educate_v person_n for_o this_o office_n but_o any_o one_o that_o think_v himself_o fit_o qualify_v present_v himself_o to_o the_o patriarch_n or_o the_o next_o metropolitan_a who_o examine_v his_o ability_n which_o consist_v chief_o in_o read_v write_a and_o sing_v well_o ordain_v he_o which_o be_v chief_o by_o cut_v of_o the_o hair_n on_o the_o top_n of_o his_o head_n cover_v it_o with_o a_o callot_n and_o put_v on_o a_o surpless_n a_o little_a cross_n of_o white_a silk_n upon_o his_o breast_n and_o then_o give_v he_o his_o benediction_n and_o authority_n to_o officiate_v in_o the_o church_n and_o to_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n he_o must_v be_v the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n and_o if_o his_o wife_n die_v he_o can_v neither_o officiate_v as_o a_o priest_n nor_o marry_v another_o so_o that_o they_o do_v not_o conceive_v the_o character_n to_o be_v indelible_a yet_o a_o widower_n may_v sing_v read_v etc._n etc._n and_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o deacon_n but_o he_o must_v not_o officiate_v at_o the_o altar_n and_o some_o of_o they_o get_v leave_n to_o keep_v their_o benefice_n and_o yet_o enter_v into_o a_o monastery_n such_o they_o call_v churnapapaes_n their_o revenue_n be_v not_o from_o tithe_n revenue_n their_o revenue_n though_o it_o be_v say_v that_o volodomir_n at_o his_o introduce_v of_o christianity_n settle_a tithe_n also_o upon_o the_o clergy_n nor_o have_v they_o any_o settle_a salary_n but_o they_o be_v content_a with_o what_o they_o receive_v from_o the_o people_n for_o baptise_v marry_v bury_a offering_n prayer_n for_o the_o dead_a etc._n etc._n beside_o every_o private_a person_n upon_o any_o occasion_n of_o business_n desire_v the_o priest_n to_o say_v a_o prayer_n for_o he_o for_o which_o he_o give_v he_o something_o they_o also_o solemnize_v the_o sains-day_n of_o the_o parish_n when_o all_o the_o neighbourhood_n come_v in_o to_o be_v pray_v for_o and_o make_v a_o offering_n once_o a_o quarter_n also_o he_o bless_v his_o parishioner_n house_n and_o family_n by_o these_o and_o many_o other_o such_o like_a way_n they_o make_v up_o a_o competent_a livelihood_n for_o themselves_o and_o to_o give_v the_o ten_o also_o of_o it_o to_o the_o bishop_n protopapaes_n or_o archpriest_n and_o archdeacon_n be_v only_o in_o cathedral_n church_n they_o have_v service_n thrice_o a_o day_n service_n their_o service_n about_o break_v of_o day_n matin_n at_o noon_n mass_n vesper_n in_o the_o evening_n and_o it_o consist_v of_o psalm_n certain_a portion_n of_o scripture_n the_o creed_n prayer_n and_o sometime_o a_o homily_n of_o some_o of_o the_o father_n or_o the_o life_n of_o the_o saint_n of_o the_o day_n in_o their_o own_o language_n never_o other_o preach_a except_o once_o in_o a_o year_n when_o the_o patriarch_n with_o very_o great_a solemnity_n make_v a_o short_a exhortation_n to_o the_o people_n to_o serve_v god_n obey_v their_o prince_n and_o live_v in_o unity_n and_o charity_n with_o their_o neighbour_n they_o never_o kneel_v at_o their_o devotion_n but_o stand_v up_o and_o sometime_o bow_v knock_v their_o forehead_n to_o the_o ground_n ivan_n vasilowich_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o church_n sing_v the_o prayer_n with_o the_o clergy_n and_o sometime_o have_v his_o forehead_n swell_v with_o knock_v the_o floor_n they_o communicate_v child_n at_o seven_o year_n old_a communion_n communion_n and_o before_o in_o case_n of_o sickness_n when_o they_o communicate_v they_o have_v a_o host_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o barley_n cake_n the_o communicant_n partake_v of_o the_o host_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n have_v the_o barley-cake_n break_v among_o they_o as_o a_o pain-benist_a they_o communicate_v ordinary_o but_o once_o a_o year_n which_o be_v about_o easter_n and_o then_o only_o three_o at_o a_o time_n and_o always_o after_o some_o extraordinary_a fast_n mortification_n or_o confession_n which_o they_o make_v stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o church_n and_o before_o some_o picture_n of_o a_o saint_n the_o priest_n appoint_v he_o penance_n give_v he_o absolution_n and_o admit_v he_o to_o the_o sacrament_n they_o be_v very_o severe_a in_o their_o fasting_n have_v more_o of_o
the_o town_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o court_n of_o schipin_n or_o alderman_n who_o themselves_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o burgomaster_n choose_v yearly_a as_o a_o mayor_n in_o our_o city_n out_o of_o they_o who_o during_o his_o government_n have_v the_o title_n of_o general_n of_o great_a poland_n confer_v on_o he_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n seven_o mile_n from_o this_o city_n you_o have_v gnesna_n call_v by_o the_o dutch_a gnisen_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o poland_n gnesna_n gnesna_n build_v by_o lechus_n the_o first_o duke_n of_o poland_n by_o who_o it_o have_v its_o name_n give_v from_o the_o polish_v word_n gniasao_n which_o signify_v a_o nest_n because_o in_o this_o place_n lechus_n find_v a_o eagle_n nest_n whence_o to_o this_o day_n the_o prince_n of_o poland_n bear_v a_o spread_a eagle_n for_o their_o arms._n this_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o chief_a metropolitan_a archbishop_n in_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o who_o state_n and_o grandeur_n we_o have_v give_v you_o a_o relation_n before_o in_o the_o cathedral_n be_v keep_v a_o inestimable_a treasure_n of_o gold_n silver_n and_o curious_a enamel_a vessel_n leave_v by_o several_a prince_n of_o poland_n and_o archbishop_n of_o this_o see_v which_o be_v much_o increase_v by_o the_o legacy_n of_o henry_n firley_n late_a archbishop_n who_o beside_o many_o vessel_n and_o vestment_n of_o great_a worth_n give_v they_o his_o own_o mitre_n value_v at_o 24000_o polish_v guilder_n which_o be_v reduce_v to_o our_o english_a money_n will_v amount_v to_o about_o 2300_o pound_n sterling_a the_o gate_n lead_v into_o the_o cathedral_n be_v of_o corinthian_a brass_n and_o rare_o wrought_v these_o at_o first_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o monastery_n of_o corsuna_n in_o the_o tauric_n chersonese_n whence_o they_o be_v remove_v to_o kiow_n and_o from_o thence_o bring_v hither_o by_o boleslaus_n the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1613_o this_o city_n be_v miserable_o lay_v waist_n by_o fire_n and_o do_v yet_o daily_o loose_a something_o of_o its_o ancient_a glory_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n of_o posnania_n be_v mean_o build_v and_o without_o any_o considerable_a fortification_n their_o building_n except_v only_o the_o church_n monastery_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n be_v most_o common_o of_o wood_n the_o county_n of_o calissia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o calissia_n calissia_n by_o the_o polander_v call_v kalisk_n seat_v on_o przoen_n and_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a brick_n wall_n stanislaus_n karncow_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n found_v here_o a_o stately_a college_n of_o jesuit_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o considerable_a revenue_n the_o country_n round_o this_o city_n be_v general_o like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o great_a poland_n pleasant_a fruitful_a and_o very_a well_o cultivate_v and_o inhabit_v every_o where_o abound_v with_o great_a town_n and_o village_n among_o which_o borek_n and_o goluchow_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a the_o former_a for_o a_o famous_a picture_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n resort_v to_o with_o a_o great_a opinion_n of_o devotion_n by_o most_o of_o the_o zealous_a romanist_n in_o these_o part_n the_o latter_a for_o a_o extraordinary_a piece_n of_o modern_a architecture_n in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o count_n of_o lesno_n the_o city_n of_o sirad_n sirad_n sirad_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o south_n of_o calissia_n upon_o the_o river_n warta_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a brick_n wall_n most_o of_o the_o house_n be_v of_o wood_n and_o very_o mean_a and_o low_a this_o city_n and_o the_o territory_n about_o it_o make_v former_o a_o dukedom_n usual_o give_v to_o the_o second_o son_n of_o the_o polish_v king_n seven_o german_n petricow_n petricow_n or_o twenty_o nine_o english_a mile_n from_o sirad_n lie_v petricow_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n where_o sit_v yearly_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n vielun_n vielun_n vielun_n or_o wielun_n be_v somewhat_o differ_v in_o beauty_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o these_o part_n most_o of_o its_o house_n be_v brick_n rava_n be_v as_o populous_a a_o city_n as_o vielun_n rava_n rava_n but_o short_a of_o it_o in_o the_o splendour_n of_o its_o building_n which_o be_v common_o wood_n except_o the_o castle_n which_o be_v brick_n in_o this_o be_v reposit_v a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o captive_n if_o person_n of_o any_o considerable_a quality_n be_v here_o keep_v prisoner_n instance_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o the_o natural_a son_n of_o charles_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o with_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o lifland_n war_n and_o baldise_n general_n of_o gustaphus_n adolphus_n force_n who_o with_o streffe_n taiste_v and_o other_o colonel_n be_v take_v in_o the_o war_n of_o prussia_n five_o german_n lowicz_n lowicz_n or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n from_o rava_n lie_v lowicz_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n it_o be_v a_o place_n much_o more_o populous_a than_o rava_n and_o yearly_a in_o the_o fair-time_n throng_v with_o great_a number_n of_o merchant_n who_o flock_n thither_o from_o all_o quarter_n the_o archbishops_n palace_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o low_a and_o marshy_a ground_n nevertheless_o its_o fabric_n be_v magnificent_a and_o well_o become_v the_o state_n of_o so_o great_a a_o prince_n lancicia_n or_o lanschet_fw-mi give_v denomination_n to_o a_o palatinate_n of_o the_o same_o name_n lancicia_n lancicia_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o low_a and_o fenny_a ground_n encompass_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o brick_n wall_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n be_v a_o monastery_n which_o may_v easy_o if_o as_o well_o provide_v for_o by_o art_n as_o nature_n be_v make_v impregnable_a there_o be_v beside_o little_a in_o the_o city_n worth_n take_v notice_n of_o except_o the_o great_a fair_n keep_v once_o a_o year_n and_o the_o session_n of_o the_o deputy_n of_o this_o palatinate_n which_o be_v here_o hold_v cujavia_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o masovia_n and_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n cujavia_n cujavia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o palatinate_v of_o lanschet_fw-mi and_z calissia_n on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n it_o contain_v in_o it_o two_o barony_n breast_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n and_o south_n and_o juniuladislavia_n this_o country_n be_v rich_a in_o corn_n and_o cattle_n and_o well_o store_v with_o fish_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n lie_v the_o city_n of_o vladislaw_n bresty_n bresty_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n and_o pomeren_n the_o cathedral_n here_o be_v a_o pitiful_a old-fashioned_a piece_n of_o building_n but_o well_o furnish_v with_o plate_n and_o rich_a ornament_n and_o relic_n within_o the_o house_n be_v general_o of_o brick_n mathias_n golanciew_o who_o be_v forty_o two_o year_n bishop_n of_o this_o see_v beautify_v this_o city_n very_o much_o by_o build_v that_o stately_a palace_n which_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n in_o vladislaw_n instead_o of_o a_o old_a ruinous_a castle_n and_o sound_v the_o church_n of_o st._n vital_a the_o martyr_n the_o next_o considerable_a place_n be_v bresty_n build_v of_o brick_n and_o wood_n interlayd_v the_o other_o town_n of_o note_n be_v nisaw_n a_o wall_a town_n rasienski_n guard_v with_o a_o fair_a castle_n radschow_n seat_v on_o the_o lake_n goplo_n and_o kowale_n upon_o the_o vistula_n cruswick_n belong_v proper_o to_o the_o palatinate_n of_o bresty_n though_o situate_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o inouladislavia_n cruswick_n cruswick_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n stand_v a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n peter_n build_v of_o square_a stone_n with_o a_o college_n of_o twenty_o four_o canon_n in_o the_o adjoin_a island_n stand_v a_o brick_n castle_n build_v by_o popielus_n the_o elder_a who_o choose_v this_o place_n to_o live_v in_o rather_o than_o cracow_n or_o gnesna_n whither_o he_o have_v once_o remove_v his_o court_n as_o be_v of_o too_o timorous_a a_o nature_n to_o trust_v himself_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o russian_n or_o hungarian_n here_o as_o the_o polonian_a chronicle_n report_n papielus_n son_n of_o papielus_n the_o elder_a be_v devour_v by_o mouse_n heaven_n by_o this_o punishment_n revenge_v the_o blood_n of_o several_a of_o his_o relation_n who_o his_o greedy_a ambition_n of_o sway_v the_o sceptre_n have_v prompt_v he_o to_o poison_v at_o a_o banquet_n cromer_n advance_v the_o story_n by_o tell_v we_o that_o his_o father_n in_o his_o ordinary_a revel_n use_v to_o wish_v himself_o and_o his_o child_n this_o kind_n of_o death_n and_o that_o the_o mouse_n be_v miraculous_o generate_v out_o of_o the_o carcase_n of_o his_o poison_a kindred_n prussia_n accurate_a inscripta_fw-la a_o gasparo_n henneberg_n erlichensi_fw-la nobiliss_n o_o &_o tam_fw-la prosapia_fw-la
shall_v be_v summon_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o interrex_n of_o poland_n that_o in_o every_o such_o election_n the_o lithuanian_a and_o polish_v nobility_n shall_v have_v equal_a power_n in_o give_v of_o voice_n that_o whoever_o by_o a_o majority_n of_o voice_n of_o both_o nation_n shall_v be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n shall_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v pronounce_v great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n that_o the_o election_n shall_v always_o be_v have_v in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o country_n that_o the_o parliament_n shall_v sit_v in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n by_o turn_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o the_o moscovite_n make_v many_o and_o terrible_a incursion_n into_o lithuania_n which_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o that_o success_n that_o a._n d._n 1655_o he_o take_v vilna_n this_o hold_v he_o keep_v till_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o swede_n who_o oppress_v he_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n drive_v he_o out_o and_o make_v he_o retreat_n as_o far_o as_o the_o confine_n of_o moscovy_n however_o the_o war_n cease_v not_o till_o in_o january_n 1667_o a_o truce_n for_o thirteen_o year_n be_v agree_v on_o upon_o these_o condition_n that_o polockz_n vitepski_n duneburg_n and_o the_o hither_o liefland_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o polander_n provide_v that_o nevel_n vieliss_n and_o sebisch_n be_v except_v from_o the_o palatinate_v of_o polockz_n and_o vitepski_n that_o the_o moscovite_n shall_v retain_v smolensko_n sevir_n and_o all_o the_o vkrain_n beyond_o boristhenes_n that_o kiow_n after_o two_o year_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n soil_n soil_n which_o yield_v good_a store_n of_o venison_n and_o fish_n the_o forest_n also_o afford_v they_o great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n and_o pitch_n the_o land_n be_v tolerable_o fruitful_a but_o the_o extreme_a cold_a too_o often_o spoil_v their_o harvest_n the_o great_a trade_n of_o lithvania_n lie_v in_o pitch_n commodity_n commodity_n tar_n and_o timber_n which_o be_v transport_v into_o holland_n and_o other_o foreign_a nation_n for_o these_o they_o receive_v in_o salt_n and_o wine_n for_o all_o other_o necessary_n they_o be_v well_o enough_o provide_v be_v well_o stock_v with_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o large_a as_o in_o germany_n and_o other_o their_o neighbour_a country_n and_o considerable_a flock_n of_o sheep_n beside_o the_o wood_n furnish_v they_o with_o ermine_n sable_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o fur_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o otherwise_o intolerable_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o lithvanians_n seem_v to_o have_v nature_n proportionate_a to_o their_o quality_n people_n temperâ—â—_n the_o people_n for_o the_o noble_n be_v as_o proud_a and_o domineer_a and_o the_o commonalty_n as_o sneak_v and_o mean_v spirit_v here_o as_o in_o any_o part_n of_o europe_n the_o reason_n of_o such_o inequality_n of_o temper_n proceed_v from_o the_o unreasonable_a slavery_n that_o landlord_n force_v their_o tenant_n to_o undergo_v if_o you_o have_v but_o a_o good_a train_n of_o attendance_n you_o may_v uncontrolable_o plunder_v any_o peasant_n house_n in_o the_o land_n and_o if_o you_o please_v give_v he_o a_o kick_n into_o the_o bargain_n he_o dare_v not_o open_a his_o mouth_n except_o to_o give_v you_o thanks_o for_o give_v over_o when_o you_o be_v weary_a they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n five_o or_o six_o day_n in_o the_o week_n and_o if_o he_o spare_v they_o as_o be_v usual_o monday_n they_o must_v work_v on_o sunday_n for_o themselves_o if_o any_o ask_v they_o a_o reason_n why_o they_o labour_v that_o day_n they_o will_v ready_o reply_v ought_v we_o not_o to_o eat_v on_o sunday_n as_o well_o as_o other_o day_n in_o their_o war_n with_o poland_n they_o give_v a_o sad_a testimony_n of_o their_o barbarous_a cruelty_n the_o usual_a attendant_n of_o a_o low_a spirit_n by_o deny_v quarter_n to_o all_o captive_n rip_v up_o woman_n with_o child_n murder_v of_o infant_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v perfidious_a to_o their_o prince_n and_o regardless_o of_o oath_n and_o promise_n nova_fw-la totius_fw-la livoniae_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n the_o rustic_n eat_v bread_n make_v of_o the_o ear_n of_o wheat_n not_o winnow_v nor_o thresh_v this_o they_o call_v duonos_n a_o gift_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v bread_n bozydar_n and_o the_o german_n gottes-gab_a the_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o not_o proverb_n be_v more_o ordinary_a in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o lithvanians_n then_o dieva_n dave_v dantes_fw-la dosi_fw-la duonos_fw-la i_o e._n god_n that_o give_v tooth_n will_v give_v bread_n the_o rest_n of_o their_o diet_n be_v flesh_n herb_n and_o root_n of_o which_o they_o have_v plenty_n the_o most_o general_a drink_n of_o the_o country_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o brandy_n make_v of_o corn._n beside_o this_o they_o have_v some_o beer_n and_o a_o sort_n of_o mead_n boil_v with_o hops_n which_o be_v keep_v sometime_o a_o hundred_o year_n together_o in_o nobleman_n house_n of_o late_o there_o have_v be_v bring_v hither_o great_a quantity_n of_o spanish_a and_o french_a wine_n from_o konigsberg_n and_o other_o place_n near_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o lithvanians_n general_o as_o well_o in_o city_n as_o village_n speak_v the_o russian_a language_n and_o write_v all_o plead_n and_o proceed_n of_o courts-judicature_n in_o that_o tongue_n however_o there_o be_v a_o great_a mixture_n of_o latin_a word_n in_o their_o talk_n which_o seem_v to_o confirm_v the_o story_n of_o palaemon_n so_o for_o ignis_fw-la they_o say_v ugnis_fw-la unda_fw-la wanda_fw-la aer_fw-la oras_fw-la sol_fw-la soul_fw-mi mensis_fw-la menuo_fw-la dies_fw-la diena_fw-la ros_fw-fr rasa_fw-la deus_fw-la diewas_n vir_fw-la viras_n etc._n etc._n beside_o they_o have_v many_o polish_v word_n though_o these_o two_o language_n be_v not_o original_o the_o same_o the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v as_o common_a here_o as_o in_o poland_n and_o you_o shall_v not_o meet_v a_o lithvanian_a from_o a_o duke_n to_o a_o ploughman_n that_o can_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n in_o that_o language_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o greek_n first_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o write_v for_o they_o call_v letter_n goomata_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unless_o perhaps_o they_o have_v they_o more_o immediate_o from_o the_o russian_n who_o use_v the_o same_o word_n no_o nation_n in_o europe_n have_v be_v more_o besot_v with_o idolatry_n than_o lithvania_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o false_a god_n they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ancient_a egyptian_n greek_n roman_n and_o indian_n be_v great_a worshipper_n of_o serpent_n and_o many_o of_o they_o continue_v so_o till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n of_o which_o signismund_n baron_n of_o herberstein_n in_o comment_n rer_n muscovit_fw-la p._n 84_o tell_v we_o this_o memorable_a story_n return_v say_v he_o late_o from_o masovia_n at_o troki_n a_o small_a town_n about_o eight_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n my_o host_n acquaint_v i_o that_o that_o year_n he_o have_v chance_v to_o buy_v a_o hive_n of_o bee_n of_o one_o of_o these_o serpent-worshipper_n who_o he_o with_o much_o ado_n have_v persuade_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god_n and_o to_o kill_v his_o adder_n within_o a_o while_n after_o come_v that_o way_n he_o find_v the_o poor_a fellow_n miserable_o torture_v and_o deform_v his_o face_n wrinkle_v his_o mouth_n awry_o etc._n etc._n demand_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o misery_n he_o receive_v this_o answer_n from_o he_o that_o this_o judgement_n be_v inflict_v on_o he_o for_o kill_v his_o god_n and_o that_o he_o be_v like_a to_o suffer_v heavy_a torment_n if_o he_o do_v not_o return_v to_o his_o former_a worship_n nay_o to_o this_o day_n here_o be_v too_o great_a footstep_n of_o this_o idolatry_n for_o in_o many_o village_n both_o in_o lithvania_n and_o prussia_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o poor_a boar_n that_o keep_v adder_n in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o though_o profess_a christian_n pay_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a superstitious_a respect_n and_o fancy_v some_o great_a misfortune_n will_v befall_v they_o if_o these_o laria_n take_v any_o harm_n beside_o the_o ancient_a lithvanians_n have_v a_o idol_n call_v by_o they_o percune_n to_o who_o they_o keep_v a_o continual_a fire_n burn_v with_o as_o much_o caution_n and_o diligence_n as_o ever_o the_o vestal_a fire_n be_v keep_v at_o rome_n for_o if_o the_o waidelot_n or_o priest_n that_o be_v to_o attend_v the_o altar_n shall_v happen_v to_o let_v the_o fire_n out_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o die_v for_o it_o the_o like_a ceremony_n be_v perform_v in_o remembrance_n of_o kiern_n one_o of_o their_o prince_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n near_o dziewaltow_n these_o
1135._o 18._o eric_n edmund_n a_o pious_a and_o good_a king_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n nicolas_n and_o be_v barbarous_o murder_v by_o one_o plag_n sorte_n a_o nobleman_n of_o jutland_n in_o his_o own_o palace_n in_o the_o year_n 1139._o 19_o eric_n lamb_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n eric_n edmund_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o sceptre_n and_o put_v himself_o into_o a_o monastery_n at_o odensee_n in_o funen_n where_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1147._o 20._o swain_n gratenhede_v eric_n emund_n son_n get_v the_o crown_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o kinsman_n eric_n lamb._n in_o this_o man_n day_n there_o be_v three_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o the_o same_o time_n some_o run_v after_o cnute_n king_n nicolas_n grandchild_n other_o follow_v waldemar_n son_n to_o cnute_n duke_n of_o flanders_n after_o some_o skirmish_n in_o which_o both_o swain_n and_o cnute_n be_v slay_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v rule_v by_o 21._o waldemar_n surname_v the_o great_a he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o north_n of_o the_o elb_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1182_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n 22._o cnute_n he_o brave_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o will_v needs_o demand_v homage_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o die_v at_o ringstede_n in_o the_o year_n 1202._o 23._o waldemar_n ii_o cnute_n brother_n he_o new_o model_v the_o danish_a conquer_v norway_n and_o set_v over_o it_o a_o viceroy_n vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_v the_o emperor_n otto_n who_o think_v to_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o holslein_n and_o have_v reign_v victorious_o thirty-nine_a year_n dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1241_o crantzius_n say_v 1242_o 24._o eric_n plog-penning_a waldemar_n son_n he_o be_v take_v at_o sleswic_n and_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n 25._o abel_n who_o reign_v wicked_o two_o year_n and_o be_v then_o murder_v by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n in_o the_o year_n 1252._o 26._o christopher_z i._o brother_n to_o eric_n and_o abel_n he_o live_v in_o a_o continual_a war_n with_o his_o own_o people_n to_o who_o rebellion_n be_v now_o grow_v natural_a some_o of_o the_o danish_a chronicle_n say_v he_o be_v at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1259_o poison_v by_o arnefast_a bishop_n of_o arhuse_v as_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v afterward_o by_o bernardine_n the_o monk_n with_o the_o eucharist_n 27._o eric_n glip_v king_n christopher_n son_n who_o be_v seat_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n give_v himself_o up_o to_o all_o manner_n of_o lewdness_n and_o debauchery_n his_o whole_a life_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o catalogue_n of_o his_o oppression_n sacrilege_n murder_n and_o whoredom_n after_o a_o long_a uninterrupted_a course_n of_o wickedness_n sleep_v one_o night_n in_o a_o barn_n at_o findetorp_n a_o small_a village_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wiberg_n he_o be_v murder_v with_o fifty-six_a some_o say_v seventy_o wound_v give_v he_o by_o seven_o ruffian_n hire_v to_o dispatch_v he_o by_o andrew_n stigot_n marshal_n of_o danemark_n who_o wife_n he_o have_v ravish_v and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n in_o the_o year_n 1286._o 28._o eric_n menved_a glipping_n son_n he_o be_v as_o godly_a a_o prince_n as_o his_o father_n be_v impious_a the_o murderer_n of_o his_o father_n have_v conspire_v his_o death_n but_o be_v prevent_v by_o providence_n which_o protect_v he_o both_o from_o the_o lewd_a life_n and_o miserable_a death_n of_o his_o ancestor_n so_o that_o he_o die_v as_o he_o have_v live_v peaceable_o in_o the_o year_n 1319_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o ringstad_n where_o his_o epitaph_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v as_o follow_v ego_fw-la ericus_n quondam_a daniae_fw-la rex_fw-la regnans_fw-la ann_n xxxij_o rectus_n justiciarius_n pauperum_fw-la &_o divitum_fw-la ubi_fw-la jus_o habuerunt_fw-la oro_fw-la omnes_fw-la quibus_fw-la aliquid_fw-la forefeci_fw-la ut_fw-la mihi_fw-la per_fw-la svam_fw-la gratiam_fw-la indulgeant_fw-la &_o orent_fw-la pro_fw-la anima_fw-la mea_fw-la qui_fw-la obii_fw-la a._n d._n 1319._o die_v beati_fw-la brixij_fw-la episcopi_fw-la &_o confessoris_fw-la 29._o christopher_n ii_o menved_n brother_n he_o tread_v in_o his_o father_n step_n and_o end_v his_o day_n like_o he_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v a_o unfortunate_a sluggish_a cruel_a and_o perfidious_a prince_n a_o hater_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o hate_v by_o the_o commonalty_n have_v he_o have_v any_o sense_n of_o religion_n policy_n or_o common_a honesty_n in_o he_o he_o may_v have_v be_v a_o happy_a prince_n for_o never_o be_v the_o dane_n more_o unwilling_a to_o rebel_v and_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o king_n then_o in_o his_o day_n though_o never_o more_o provoke_v to_o it_o have_v linger_v out_o a_o reign_n of_o about_o thirteen_o year_n he_o die_v at_o last_o forsake_v of_o all_o neglect_v and_o unpityed_a at_o nicope_a in_o the_o isle_n of_o falster_n in_o the_o year_n 1333._o after_o this_o king_n death_n the_o dane_n seem_v to_o be_v weary_a of_o a_o supreme_a sovereign_n and_o resolve_v not_o to_o set_v any_o more_o over_o they_o they_o fancy_v it_o be_v more_o eligible_a to_o have_v no_o king_n at_o all_o then_o such_o as_o they_o have_v the_o bad_a luck_n to_o meet_v with_o a_o sot_n or_o a_o tyrant_n but_o after_o fifteen_o year_n confusion_n they_o find_v it_o be_v better_a to_o have_v a_o akeing_n head_n than_o none_o at_o all_o whereupon_o weary_a of_o their_o new_a anarchy_n they_o resolve_v to_o establish_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n 30._o waldemar_n iii_o king_n christopher_n son_n who_o recollect_v the_o scatter_a member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o one_o body_n and_o dismount_v most_o of_o the_o usurper_n without_o any_o great_a bloodshed_n he_o be_v represent_v as_o a_o prince_n of_o great_a subtlety_n avarice_n and_o boldness_n when_o pope_n gregory_n xi_o threaten_a to_o excommunicate_v he_o for_o his_o saucy_a behaviour_n and_o slight_v of_o the_o apostolic_a see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v return_v this_o answer_n valdemarus_n rex_fw-la daniae_fw-la etc._n etc._n romano_n pontifici_fw-la salutem_fw-la vitam_fw-la habemus_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la regnum_fw-la ab_fw-la incolis_fw-la divitias_fw-la a_o parentibus_fw-la fidem_fw-la vero_fw-la a_o tuis_fw-la praedecessoribus_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la nobis_fw-la non_fw-la fave_n remittimus_fw-la per_fw-la praesentes_fw-la vale._n i_o e._n waldemar_n king_n of_o denmark_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n send_v greeting_n we_o hold_v our_o life_n from_o god_n our_o kingdom_n from_o our_o subject_n our_o riches_n from_o our_o parent_n and_o our_o faith_n from_o thy_o predecessor_n which_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o grant_v we_o any_o long_a we_o do_v by_o these_o present_v resign_v farewell_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1375_o and_o be_v bury_v by_o his_o father_n at_o sora._n 31._o margaret_n king_n waldemar_n daughter_n be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n crown_v queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o manage_v the_o 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rapine_n perjury_n oppression_n and_o whoredom_n be_v at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1438_o force_v to_o quit_v his_o throne_n and_o fly_v from_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o incense_a noble_n into_o gothland_n whither_o he_o carry_v with_o he_o a_o vast_a treasure_n and_o one_o cecilia_n his_o concubine_n who_o by_o her_o evil_a counsel_n and_o proud_a humour_n bring_v he_o to_o these_o extremity_n 33._o christopher_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n another_o of_o king_n waldemar_n great-grandchildren_n succeed_v eric_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n his_o reign_n be_v short_a but_o prosperous_a especial_o against_o the_o rebel_n in_o jutland_n and_o the_o hans_n to_n he_o die_v childless_a at_o helsingburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1447._o the_o danish_a chronicle_n be_v full_a of_o his_o commendation_n but_o johannes_n gothus_n and_o other_o swedish_n historian_n will_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n allow_v he_o so_o good_a a_o character_n
convenience_n of_o money_n be_v invent_v money_n money_n the_o most_o natural_a method_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v be_v by_o exchange_n of_o one_o commodity_n for_o another_o this_o in_o the_o nonage_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o only_a expedient_a make_v use_n of_o in_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n but_o continue_v i_o think_v long_o in_o iseland_n then_o in_o any_o of_o the_o know_v western_a country_n one_o great_a reason_n of_o a_o late_a than_o ordinary_a use_n of_o money_n among_o the_o iselander_n be_v the_o want_n of_o metal_n in_o their_o country_n some_o silver_n they_o have_v bring_v in_o from_o foreign_a country_n which_o if_o they_o chance_v to_o make_v use_n of_o in_o commerce_n they_o weigh_v it_o in_o a_o balance_n but_o never_o coin_v or_o stamp_v any_o of_o it_o of_o late_o danish_a money_n have_v be_v bring_v into_o this_o isle_n though_o in_o very_o small_a quantity_n the_o chief_a comodity_n of_o the_o country_n commodity_n commodity_n be_v brimstone_n dry_a fish_n and_o whale-bone_n of_o this_o last_o they_o have_v so_o great_a plenty_n that_o according_a to_o blefkenius_n relation_n some_o of_o they_o make_v house_n of_o it_o and_o the_o only_a great_a bridge_n in_o the_o isle_n be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n it_o seem_v former_o great_a quantity_n of_o beef_n mutton_n butter_n etc._n etc._n be_v export_v hence_o into_o other_o country_n for_o arngrim_n ionas_n conclude_v his_o satirical_a answer_n to_o blefkenius_n abusive_a description_n of_o iseland_n with_o these_o word_n hoccine_fw-la impune_fw-la fierisinitis_fw-la o_o senatus_n populusque_fw-la hamburgensis_n hanccine_fw-la statuistis_fw-la gratiam_fw-la deberi_fw-la islandiae_fw-la quae_fw-la etc._n etc._n i._n e._n can_v the_o burgomaster_n and_o raedtsherrn_n of_o hamburg_n wink_v at_o such_o fault_n as_o these_o be_v these_o the_o thanks_o you_o give_v our_o isle_n for_o feed_v your_o city_n these_o many_o year_n with_o beef_n mutton_n butter_n and_o fish_n england_n 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castle_n of_o besestat_fw-la near_o the_o western_a shore_n his_o office_n be_v to_o collect_v tax_n for_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o butter_n sheep_n wool_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o provision_n of_o the_o navy_n royal._n what_o kind_n of_o god_n the_o idolatrous_a iselander_n worship_v before_o they_o be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d will_v appear_v from_o a_o survey_n of_o the_o edda_n which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o register_n of_o those_o mock-deity_n the_o chief_a god_n mention_v in_o this_o and_o other_o ancient_a northern_a monument_n be_v 1._o thor_n who_o the_o edda_n make_v the_o son_n of_o woden_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v out_o of_o asia_n with_o his_o father_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v sometime_o call_v asathor_n or_o thor_n the_o asian_a arngrim_n ionas_n make_v this_o god_n answerable_a to_o jupiter_n among_o the_o roman_n and_o in_o a_o old_a anglo-saxonic_a homily_n in_o the_o public_a library_n at_o 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as_o the_o asian_a so_o in_o the_o ancient_a form_n of_o
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i._n e._n only_o thus_o probable_o the_o latin_a word_n sol_n be_v only_o a_o corruption_n of_o solus_fw-la and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n both_o the_o roman_n and_o dutch_n together_o with_o all_o other_o nation_n who_o speak_v nothing_o but_o different_a dialect_n of_o the_o latin_a or_o german_a tongue_n dedicate_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o week_n to_o the_o sun_n another_o god_n they_o have_v to_o who_o they_o use_v to_o offer_v man_n flesh_n who_o be_v sometime_o call_v woden_n elsewhere_o godan_n by_o some_o codan_n by_o other_o dan_n whence_o probable_o the_o name_n of_o dane_n and_o danish_a as_o well_o as_o from_o teut_n teutisch_n and_o from_o god_n gottish_a from_o he_o we_o have_v our_o wednesday_n which_o the_o westphalian_o call_v godensdach_n or_o goensdach_n the_o netherlander_n write_v it_o woensdach_n the_o dane_n onsdag_n and_o the_o swede_n odensdagk_n but_o of_o this_o and_o their_o god_n teut_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o 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have_v from_o the_o lutheran_n the_o authority_n of_o calvin_n prevail_v so_o exceed_o as_o to_o be_v entertain_v in_o france_n scotland_n the_o netherlands_o a_o great_a part_n of_o poland_n and_o many_o province_n of_o germany_n whereas_o lutheranism_n never_o reach_v much_o further_a than_o it_o be_v at_o first_o spread_v by_o luther_n himself_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n embrace_v luther_n doctrine_n very_o early_o and_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o those_o nation_n profess_v it_o to_o this_o day_n but_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o brandenburg_n luther_n credit_n decay_v daily_o and_o be_v thrust_v out_o by_o calvinism_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v a_o calvinist_n and_o encourage_v man_n of_o his_o own_o persuasion_n in_o the_o university_n of_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge konigsberg_n and_o rostoc_n this_o make_v the_o scholar_n of_o leipsic_n who_o be_v strict_a 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helmstadt_n and_o his_o follower_n who_o be_v stout_a pleader_n for_o comprehension_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n archdukedom_n of_o bavaria_n and_o lorain_n the_o territory_n of_o the_o three_o spiritual_a elector_n and_o other_o bishopric_n which_o still_o remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o popish_a religion_n be_v still_o profess_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n that_o the_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o to_o the_o ancient_n be_v know_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o germany_n be_v subject_a to_o several_a prince_n and_o never_o acknowledge_v the_o supremacy_n of_o any_o one_o governor_n except_o perhaps_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n in_o which_o all_o the_o particular_a province_n be_v mutual_o concern_v to_o unite_v and_o defend_v themselves_o from_o the_o assault_n of_o some_o potent_a foreign_a enemy_n before_o the_o come_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n seem_v plain_a from_o the_o whole_a 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the_o university_n at_o paris_n where_o he_o will_v himself_o frequent_v disputation_n and_o reward_v the_o industry_n of_o those_o he_o find_v to_o be_v deserve_v man_n beside_o he_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o great_a school_n and_o petit_fw-fr university_n in_o germany_n insomuch_o that_o we_o shall_v scarce_o in_o the_o follow_a description_n mention_v a_o town_n of_o considerable_a note_n in_o the_o empire_n which_o have_v not_o receive_v some_o signal_n kindness_n from_o he_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v his_o act_n of_o piety_n or_o prowess_n get_v he_o the_o title_n of_o great_a but_o doubtless_o both_o deserve_v it_o after_o he_o have_v be_v emperor_n fourteen_o year_n he_o die_v at_o seventy-two_a year_n of_o age_n in_o the_o year_n 814_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o aix_n la_fw-fr chapelle_n where_o he_o have_v build_v a_o church_n and_o design_v also_o to_o have_v establish_v the_o chief_a residence_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n all_o his_o epitaph_n be_v magni_fw-la caroli_n regis_fw-la christianissimi_fw-la romanorum_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la corpus_fw-la hoc_fw-la sepulchro_fw-la conditum_fw-la iaceo_fw-la he_o bequeath_v his_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n ludowic_n than_o king_n of_o aquitain_n 814._o ludowic_n or_o lewis_n for_o his_o piety_n and_o zeal_n in_o promote_a the_o christian_a religion_n surname_v the_o godly_a succeed_v his_o father_n he_o be_v crown_v emperor_n by_o pope_n stephen_n iv_o at_o rheims_n in_o france_n soon_o after_o his_o entrance_n upon_o the_o empire_n he_o procure_v a_o translation_n of_o the_o bible_n into_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n copy_n of_o which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v distribute_v among_o the_o commonalty_n the_o great_a exploit_n of_o war_n which_o he_o be_v report_v to_o have_v do_v be_v the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o saracen_n out_o of_o italy_n beside_o this_o he_o take_v his_o nephew_n bernhard_n king_n of_o lombardy_n who_o have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o italy_n prisoner_n and_o put_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o he_o and_o his_o follower_n condemn_v they_o all_o to_o a_o monastery_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n irmengarde_n he_o have_v three_o son_n lotharius_n ludowic_n and_o pippin_n who_o overpower_v with_o the_o persuasion_n of_o some_o bad_a companion_n rebel_v against_o their_o father_n who_o they_o take_v prisoner_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o a_o monastery_n some_o say_v his_o son_n ludowic_n release_v he_o willing_o but_o the_o most_o general_o receive_v story_n be_v that_o most_o of_o his_o subject_n rise_v up_o in_o arm_n resolve_v to_o rescue_v their_o emperor_n which_o ludowic_n see_v he_o submit_v himself_o to_o his_o father_n and_o beg_v pardon_v after_o he_o be_v set_v at_o liberty_n he_o march_v with_o his_o own_o and_o his_o son_n ludowic_n force_n against_o lotharius_n who_o have_v raise_v the_o strong_a rebellion_n but_o die_v on_o the_o way_n at_o mentz_n in_o the_o twentyseventh_a year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o sixty-fourth_a of_o his_o age._n 840._o lotharius_n the_o emperor_n ludowic_n elder_a son_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n have_v throw_v out_o his_o two_o brethren_n who_o be_v leave_v partner_n with_o he_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o annex_v austrasia_n which_o be_v from_o he_o call_v by_o the_o high_a dutch_a loth-reich_a by_o the_o french_a lot-regne_a now_o lorreign_a i._n e._n lotharius_n kingdom_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n after_o he_o have_v rule_v fifteen_o year_n he_o retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n at_o treves_n where_o he_o live_v some_o time_n after_o in_o his_o day_n pope_n joan_n under_o the_o covert_a name_n of_o john_n viii_o as_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o time_n general_o relate_v be_v head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 855._o ludowic_n ii_o ah_o prince_n of_o wonderful_a piety_n and_o learning_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n upon_o his_o father_n resignation_n he_o conquer_v the_o sclavonian_n and_o convert_v they_o to_o christianity_n defend_v italy_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o saracen_n and_o make_v provision_n in_o most_o part_n of_o his_o empire_n for_o poor_a widow_n and_o orphan_n he_o have_v a_o great_a quarrel_n with_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n for_o elect_v a_o pope_n without_o acquaint_v he_o but_o the_o popish_a writer_n tell_v the_o story_n otherwise_o and_o say_v that_o when_o the_o emperor_n hear_v how_o that_o court_n have_v elect_v pope_n adrian_n ii_o into_o the_o room_n of_o nicolas_n i._o without_o stay_v for_o his_o voice_n he_o commend_v they_o high_o for_o so_o do_v nay_o they_o make_v he_o give_v this_o reason_n for_o his_o approbation_n of_o their_o proceed_n qui_fw-la enim_fw-la fieri_fw-la posset_n ut_fw-la peregrinus_fw-la &_o hospes_fw-la dignoscere_fw-la posset_n in_fw-la aliena_fw-la republica_fw-la quis_fw-la potissimum_fw-la caeteris_fw-la praeferendus_fw-la sit_fw-la i._o e._n how_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o a_o stranger_n shall_v be_v so_o well_o skilled_a in_o a_o foreign_a commonwealth_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o pitch_v upon_o a_o man_n fit_a
his_o son_n charles_n succeed_v mathias_n in_o all_o his_o title_n and_o dominion_n the_o bohemian_o fear_v he_o may_v prove_v as_o severe_a a_o persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v he_o their_o king_n but_o immediate_o upon_o his_o be_v proclaim_v emperor_n proffer_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n to_o frideric_n v._o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n who_o accept_v their_o kindness_n which_o so_o high_o enrage_v the_o emperor_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n whole_o to_o ruin_n and_o overthrow_v the_o protestant_a party_n whereupon_o ensue_v that_o bloody_a german_a war_n of_o almost_o thirty_o year_n continuance_n which_o be_v at_o last_o happy_o conclude_v by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o after_o a_o troublesome_a reign_n of_o seventeen_o year_n spend_v in_o a_o continual_a civil_a war_n which_o have_v ruin_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o die_v at_o vienna_n leave_v his_o distract_a empire_n to_o his_o son_n 1637._o ferdinand_n iii_o who_o the_o year_n before_o his_o father_n death_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v with_o variety_n of_o success_n he_o obtain_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o protestant_a party_n at_o ratisbon_n and_o break_v the_o vast_a power_n of_o the_o swede_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o norlingen_n but_o afterward_o be_v forsake_v by_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v force_v to_o think_v of_o procure_v a_o peace_n by_o fair_a mean_n and_o treaty_n according_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o other_o prince_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v seal_v at_o munster_n and_o osnaburg_n the_o popish_a agent_n keep_v their_o residence_n at_o the_o former_a of_o these_o city_n and_o the_o protestant_n in_o the_o latter_a a._n d._n 1648._o in_o the_o year_n 1653_o ferdinand_n iv_o this_o emperor_n elder_a son_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o augsburg_n by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o elector_n and_o within_o a_o month_n after_o solemn_o crown_v at_o ratisbon_n but_o die_v within_o a_o year_n after_o his_o coronation_n he_o never_o live_v to_o inherit_v the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n who_o survive_v till_o the_o three_o of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o 1658._o leopold_n the_o present_a emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o son_n of_o ferdinand_n iii_o be_v elect_v on_o the_o eight_o day_n of_o july_n after_o a_o vacancy_n of_o fifteen_o month_n into_o his_o father_n throne_n and_o crown_v at_o francfurt_n the_o twentysecond_a day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n he_o be_v a_o mild_a peaceful_a and_o religious_a prince_n a_o great_a lover_n and_o encourager_n of_o learning_n and_o more_o conversant_a in_o the_o study_n of_o book_n than_o arms._n whether_o his_o young_a 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general_o receive_v opinion_n among_o the_o commonalty_n and_o the_o tradition_n be_v stiff_o assert_v and_o maintain_v by_o many_o of_o their_o most_o famous_a writer_n that_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n ancient_o pretend_v to_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o call_v their_o emperor_n der_n romischer_n kayser_n that_o be_v the_o roman_a cesar_n and_o the_o german_a empire_n das_n heilige_v romische_n reich_n that_o be_v the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n i_o shall_v not_o here_o stay_v to_o inquire_v after_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n or_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o their_o emperor_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o know_v that_o petronius_n verse_n orbem_fw-la jam_fw-la totum_fw-la victor_n romanus_n habebat_fw-la be_v only_o a_o hyperbolical_a rant_v and_o when_o st._n luke_n tell_v sus_fw-la there_o go_v out_o a_o decree_n from_o cesar_n augustus_n that_o all_o the_o world_n shall_v be_v tax_v he_o mean_v no_o more_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d than_o the_o several_a province_n and_o territory_n of_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v then_o make_v themselves_o master_n so_o that_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v which_o we_o shall_v find_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o do_v that_o the_o whole_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a caesar_n descend_v upon_o the_o german_a emperor_n it_o will_v not_o thence_o follow_v what_o some_o of_o the_o high_a dutch_a writer_n endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n to_o go_v no_o further_o aught_o to_o pay_v some_o homage_n or_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o we_o can_v indeed_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o as_o this_o that_o the_o german_a emperor_n have_v any_o right_a or_o title_n to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a empire_n the_o original_n of_o this_o conceit_n spring_v hence_o charles_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 800_o come_v to_o rome_n upon_o some_o religious_a account_n or_o other_o and_o not_o to_o lay_v claim_n to_o that_o city_n be_v unexpected_o salute_v by_o pope_n leo_n iii_o and_o the_o citizen_n by_o the_o title_n of_o romanorum_fw-la imperator_fw-la augustus_n but_o what_o a_o sorry_a kind_n of_o empire_n the_o roman_n can_v then_o pretend_v to_o be_v well_o know_v the_o western_a part_n of_o their_o ancient_a empire_n germany_n and_o france_n be_v already_o in_o charles_n possession_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n which_o that_o city_n once_o challenge_v in_o spain_n and_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n be_v quite_o lose_v nay_o in_o italy_n itself_o the_o pope_n and_o citizen_n of_o rome_n have_v nothing_o leave_v to_o dispose_v of_o except_o that_o city_n and_o some_o few_o small_a town_n which_o this_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o his_o father_n have_v take_v from_o the_o lombard_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n whence_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o charles_n the_o great_a get_v little_o more_o than_o a_o bare_a title_n at_o rome_n and_o that_o some_o other_o consideration_n as_o the_o vast_a extent_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n beyond_o the_o narrow_a compass_n of_o any_o european_a kingdom_n have_v move_v all_o the_o western_a monarch_n to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o emperor_n beside_o the_o crafty_a bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v always_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o diminish_v the_o emperor_n power_n and_o grandeur_n lest_o it_o shall_v eclipse_v their_o own_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o authority_n which_o the_o emperor_n do_v still_o retain_v be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o secure_v they_o from_o contempt_n and_o the_o imperial_a crown_n bring_v little_o more_o dominion_n along_o with_o it_o though_o much_o more_o honourable_a then_o that_o of_o a_o inferior_a monarch_n it_o be_v a_o undoubted_a prerogative_n of_o every_o great_a monarch_n in_o the_o world_n to_o confer_v title_n of_o honour_n as_o duke_n
comites_fw-la and_o amici_n use_v by_o their_o emperor_n to_o the_o great_a officer_n in_o the_o court_n and_o state_n whence_o afterward_o in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n we_o meet_v with_o comites_fw-la sacrarum_fw-la largitionum_fw-la comites_fw-la metallorum_fw-la comites_fw-la rerum_fw-la privatarum_fw-la comites_fw-la patrimonii_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o all_o which_o expression_n come_v manifest_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o praefectus_fw-la or_o magister_fw-la the_o reason_n why_o the_o name_n of_o palatine_a which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v denote_v only_o such_o as_o be_v member_n of_o the_o king_n be_v or_o emperor_n household_n shall_v afterward_o be_v join_v with_o a_o province_n remote_a from_o the_o court_n seem_v plain_a enough_o for_o whereas_o other_o ordinary_a count_n have_v only_o a_o power_n subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o the_o count_n palatine_n who_o exercise_v supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o emperor_n name_n these_o have_v all_o the_o royalty_n and_o jura_n imperii_fw-la in_o their_o respective_a province_n which_o the_o count_v palatine_n enjoy_v at_o court_n and_o the_o like_a form_n of_o speak_v we_o meet_v with_o among_o the_o old_a roman_n in_o the_o officiary_a dignity_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la orientis_fw-la praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la illyrici_fw-la praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la italiae_fw-la and_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la galliarum_n where_o we_o see_v the_o title_n of_o the_o household_n or_o emperor_n palace_n transfer_v to_o these_o several_a province_n to_o denote_v that_o they_o who_o bear_v those_o office_n be_v as_o so_o many_o vice-roys_n in_o their_o peculiar_a territory_n shall_v enjoy_v like_o power_n jurisdiction_n and_o dignity_n in_o their_o respective_a dominion_n as_o if_o by_o the_o name_n of_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la they_o have_v always_o live_v with_o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o court_n the_o additional_a title_n of_o palatine_n have_v be_v confer_v upon_o the_o count_n of_o habspurg_n tube_v witelenspach_n schiern_n ortenberg_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o some_o old_a list_n of_o the_o german_a prince_n we_o find_v mention_v make_v of_o four_o ertz-pfaltz-graven_a or_o archi-palatini_a viz._n rheni_n saxoniae_n francia_fw-la or_o franconiae_fw-la &_o hungariae_n but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n be_v so_o singular_o eminent_a prince_n by_o this_o title_n that_o common_o no_v other_o place_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o palatinate_n but_o only_o their_o territory_n however_o saxony_n be_v still_o a_o pfaltzgraffschaft_n or_o palatinate_n and_o the_o duke_n thereof_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o a_o count_n palatine_n though_o he_o be_v not_o so_o style_v because_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n be_v rare_o join_v with_o palatinus_n of_o the_o authority_n and_o power_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n we_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o when_o we_o come_v to_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o their_o territory_n what_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v emâ—_n â—â—nts_n of_o 〈◊〉_d emâ—_n may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o patent_n grant_v by_o the_o emperor_n rudolph_n ii_o to_o thomas_n arundel_n of_o wardour_n in_o wiltshire_n afterward_o make_v lord_n arundel_n of_o wardour_n by_o king_n james_n for_o the_o create_v of_o he_o a_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o title_n his_o heir_n have_v keep_v to_o this_o day_n that_o the_o title_n be_v hereditary_a appear_v from_o this_o passage_n in_o the_o patent_n te_fw-la supradictum_fw-la thomam_fw-la arundelium_fw-la qui_fw-la jam_fw-la ante_fw-la comitum_fw-la consanguinitatem_fw-la a_o majoribus_fw-la acceptam_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it obtines_fw-la omnesque_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la liberos_fw-la haeredes_fw-la posteros_fw-la &_o descendentes_fw-la tuos_fw-la legitimos_fw-la utriusque_fw-la sexus_fw-la natos_fw-la aeternaque_fw-la serie_fw-la nascituros_fw-la etiam_fw-la veros_fw-la sacros_fw-la romani_fw-la imperii_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o comitissas_fw-la creavimus_fw-la fecimus_fw-la &_o nominavimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o learned_a mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n speak_v of_o this_o patent_n tell_v we_o that_o whoever_o have_v the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n confer_v on_o he_o have_v withal_o a_o seat_n assign_v he_o and_o may_v give_v his_o voice_n in_o the_o imperial_a diet_n he_o may_v purchase_v a_o estate_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n may_v listen_v volunteer_n and_o can_v be_v sue_v in_o any_o court_n of_o judicature_n save_v only_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a patent_n the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o the_o sacred_a empire_n be_v at_o present_a enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n honourable_a henry_n lord_n arundel_n of_o warder_n those_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o the_o ancient_a francic_a king_n make_v governor_n of_o such_o province_n as_o be_v of_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o empire_n mark-graven_a mark-graven_a be_v style_v mark-graven_a from_o the_o old_a word_n marken_n which_o signify_v the_o outmost_a mark_n or_o limit_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o use_v the_o word_n marsh_n speak_v of_o the_o bound_n betwixt_o england_n and_o scotland_n or_o wales_n from_o the_o high_a dutch_a mark-grave_a the_o latin_n borrow_a their_o marchio_n and_o marggravius_n the_o italian_n marchese_n and_o the_o late_a greek_n their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d instead_o of_o our_o french_a marquis_n and_o marchioness_n some_o etymologist_n have_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o title_n of_o mark-grave_a from_o the_o old_a francic_a word_n mare_fw-la sometime_o write_v march_n signify_v a_o horse_n and_o these_o fancy_n there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n former_o between_o the_o title_n and_o office_n of_o marschal_n and_o mark-grave_a or_o mar-grave_a as_o they_o write_v it_o in_o the_o feud_n we_o read_v qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr marchia_n investitur_fw-la marchio_n dicitur_fw-la dicitur_fw-la autem_fw-la marchia_n quia_fw-la marcha_n &_o ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la juxta_fw-la mare_fw-la sit_fw-la posita_fw-la where_o what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n marchio_n from_o marcha_n be_v true_a but_o if_o by_o ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la juxta_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o author_n mean_v that_o the_o word_n mare_n bear_v a_o part_n in_o the_o original_n of_o mark-grave_a or_o marquis_n he_o be_v manifest_o mistake_v for_o although_o the_o marca_n anconitana_n and_o trevigiana_n in_o italy_n as_o also_o the_o marquisate_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n in_o brabant_n and_o the_o marca_n normanica_fw-la and_o britannica_fw-la in_o france_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o sea_n yet_o the_o marquisates_n of_o misnia_n lusatia_n brandenburg_n moravia_n austria_n mountferrat_n and_o susa_n in_o savoy_n be_v inland_o country_n but_o have_v the_o name_n of_o margrafchaften_o fix_v on_o they_o because_o they_o be_v such_o province_n as_o be_v the_o limit_n or_o frontier_n of_o the_o german_a kingdom_n when_o marquis_n as_o well_o as_o duke_n and_o count_n begin_v to_o multiply_v in_o the_o german_a empire_n there_o be_v four_o of_o they_o who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o die_fw-fr vier_fw-mi hohen_o mark-graffen_a i._n e._n the_o four_o high_a or_o chief_z marquis_n these_o be_v they_o of_o brandenburg_n merhern_n or_o moravia_n meisen_n and_o baden_n who_o territory_n be_v thence_o call_v die_v vier_fw-mi hohen_o markgrafchaften_o i._n e._n the_o four_o chief_a marquisates_n in_o the_o title_n of_o landtgrave_n and_o burggrave_n the_o termination_n grave_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o in_o markgrave_n landtgraven_v landtgraven_v landt_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o province_n or_o territory_n so_o that_o the_o word_n landtgrave_n if_o literal_o translate_v must_v be_v render_v comes_fw-la provincialis_fw-la a_o count_n that_o have_v supreme_a government_n in_o some_o particular_a province_n landtherr_n be_v ancient_o a_o title_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o confer_v upon_o the_o lord_n of_o verona_n who_o be_v of_o the_o family_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr scala_n or_o the_o scaliger_n of_o mirandula_n milan_n and_o milan_n who_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o prince_n equal_a in_o power_n and_o dignity_n to_o as_o many_o count_n palatine_n the_o german_n usual_o reckon_v up_o four_o landtgrave_n as_o well_o as_o four_o duke_n four_o count_n four_o marquis_n and_o four_o of_o most_o other_o dignity_n as_o most_o eminent_a in_o the_o empire_n these_o be_v the_o landtgrave_v of_o thuringen_n hessen_n alsace_n and_o luchtenburg_n of_o which_o the_o landtgrave_n of_o hessen_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o great_a note_n the_o most_o ancient_a creation_n of_o a_o landtgrave_n which_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v that_o of_o ludowic_n iii_o count_n of_o thuringen_n who_o by_o the_o emperor_n lotharius_n his_o father-in-law_n have_v his_o title_n alter_v into_o landtgrave_n of_o the_o same_o place_n in_o the_o year_n 1126._o sometime_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o word_n landtgrave_n make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v
the_o supremacy_n of_o that_o prince_n under_o who_o they_o live_v who_o be_v appeal_v to_o by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n as_o supreme_a judge_n over_o spiritual_a as_o well_o as_o temporal_a delinquent_n but_o in_o inferior_a order_n and_o point_n of_o church_n discipline_n there_o be_v some_o small_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o follower_n of_o these_o two_o different_a opinion_n where_o the_o calvinist_n have_v get_v the_o power_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n we_o find_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n although_o in_o some_o part_n of_o germany_n they_o be_v in_o subjection_n to_o superintendant_o the_o few_o lutheran_n prince_n that_o take_v the_o title_n of_o bishop_n upon_o they_o be_v as_o absolute_a in_o their_o diocese_n as_o secular_a monarch_n and_o have_v as_o great_a command_n over_o their_o lay-subject_n as_o clergyman_n the_o other_o prince_n who_o be_v pure_o secular_a have_v in_o their_o dominion_n general_a superintendent_o to_o who_o all_o the_o deacon_n priest_n and_o particular_a superintendent_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o their_o life_n and_o doctrine_n the_o particular_a superintendent_o who_o represent_v our_o bishop_n as_o the_o general_a one_o do_v archbishop_n visit_v their_o diocese_n once_o a_o year_n and_o make_v a_o exact_a enquiry_n into_o the_o doctrine_n and_o manner_n of_o all_o the_o pastor_n under_o their_o inspection_n under_o every_o prince_n there_o be_v a_o consistory_n answerable_a to_o our_o convocation_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o which_o the_o ancient_a and_o most_o worthy_a prelate_n in_o the_o principality_n who_o be_v common_o the_o superintendent_n general_n do_v usual_o preside_v this_o consistory_n fortify_v by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n ordain_v what_o be_v just_a and_o reasonable_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o profess_a religion_n and_o have_v power_n to_o degrade_v imprison_v or_o otherwise_o punish_v any_o offender_n in_o holy_a order_n this_o difference_n of_o opinion_n must_v needs_o create_v different_a interest_n in_o the_o german_a church_n romanist_n interest_n of_o the_o romanist_n and_o make_v several_a of_o its_o member_n who_o ought_v all_o to_o be_v equal_o concern_v for_o the_o common_a peace_n drive_v contrary_a way_n the_o interest_n of_o those_o that_o have_v swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n lie_v chief_o in_o cry_v up_o and_o maintain_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o adhere_v to_o the_o emperor_n only_o so_o long_o as_o he_o shall_v acknowledge_v himself_o the_o pope_n vassal_n for_o though_o they_o will_v grant_v themselves_o to_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o german_a emperor_n yet_o the_o bond_n of_o religion_n tie_v they_o strong_a than_o any_o other_o obligation_n whatever_o so_o that_o shall_v there_o ever_o arise_v another_o emperor_n so_o brave_a as_o to_o dare_v to_o undervalue_v the_o thundering_n of_o the_o vatican_n and_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o those_o many_o prerogative_n of_o which_o the_o pope_n have_v robe_v his_o ancestor_n it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v there_o will_v not_o be_v find_v one_o clergyman_n in_o ten_o who_o will_v forsake_v the_o pope_n interest_n and_o close_o with_o the_o emperor_n in_o the_o controversy_n it_o be_v true_a clergy_n interest_n of_o the_o reform_a clergy_n the_o lutheran_n be_v a_o great_a share_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o if_o close_o unite_v may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v head_n against_o a_o very_a potent_a assailant_n for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o the_o house_n of_o saxony_n brandenburg_n brunswic_n lunenburg_n holstein_n meklenburg_n wirtemberg_n darmstadt_n dourlach_n lawenburg_n and_o east-friesland_n profess_v the_o lutheran_n religion_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o count_n and_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o the_o imperial_a city_n as_o hamburgh_n lubec_n strasburg_n vlme_n noremberg_n and_o many_o other_o all_o which_o be_v back_v with_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n both_o which_o kingdom_n embrace_v the_o same_o opinion_n may_v seem_v strong_a enough_o to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o any_o future_a attempt_n of_o the_o roman_a party_n but_o indeed_o there_o be_v such_o a_o mixture_n of_o calvinist_n in_o most_o of_o the_o territory_n now_o mention_v that_o with_o these_o dissenter_n they_o be_v oblige_v at_o least_o to_o be_v at_o unity_n though_o otherwise_o a_o lutheran_n hate_v the_o name_n of_o john_n calvin_n as_o bad_a as_o he_o do_v that_o of_o ignatius_n loyala_n as_o have_v be_v before_o show_v in_o the_o chapter_n treat_v of_o the_o modern_a religion_n of_o the_o german_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o calvinist_n will_v be_v sure_a to_o stick_v by_o the_o lutheran_n whenever_o they_o be_v persecute_v by_o the_o popish_a party_n well_o know_v that_o these_o two_o opposite_a prop_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n mutual_o support_v each_o other_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n dominion_n there_o have_v of_o late_o spring_v up_o some_o small_a jealousy_n and_o discontent_n between_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n doctrine_n upon_o the_o terrible_a apprehension_n which_o the_o lutheran_n harbour_v of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburgh_n arrival_n in_o their_o neighbourhood_n who_o they_o know_v to_o be_v a_o strict_a calvinist_n and_o to_o have_v encourage_v the_o assertor_n of_o his_o own_o tenant_n in_o most_o part_n of_o his_o electorate_v but_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o these_o petty_a animosity_n break_v into_o a_o general_a flame_n since_o even_o in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o lutheran_n party_n be_v still_o much_o more_o numerous_a than_o the_o calvinist_n of_o the_o law_n establish_v and_o observe_v in_o the_o empire_n since_o there_o be_v so_o many_o different_a form_n of_o government_n in_o the_o empire_n which_o must_v needs_o besuppose_v where_o there_o be_v so_o many_o prince_n that_o exercise_v absolute_a dominion_n over_o their_o own_o subject_n we_o must_v necessary_o expect_v a_o great_a variety_n in_o the_o body_n of_o municipal_a law_n practise_v and_o make_v statutable_a in_o the_o several_a principality_n the_o civil_a law_n strict_o so_o call_v be_v indeed_o the_o jus_fw-la publicum_fw-la romanum_fw-la and_o general_o observe_v in_o every_o court_n of_o judicature_n throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n but_o because_o the_o four_o tome_n of_o these_o statute_n have_v not_o make_v provision_n for_o every_o particular_a case_n there_o have_v since_o be_v compile_v several_a body_n of_o decree_n which_o be_v receive_v with_o as_o great_a veneration_n and_o esteem_n and_o make_v as_o inviolable_a as_o justinian_n pandect_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v these_o i._o aurea_n bulla_n which_o be_v in_o the_o original_n bulla_n aurea_fw-la bulla_n a_o small_a book_n in_o parchment_n contain_v twentyfour_o leave_n and_o thirty_o chapter_n whereof_o the_o twentythree_a first_o be_v publish_v at_o noremberg_n the_o ten_o of_o january_n in_o the_o year_n 1356_o and_o the_o other_o seven_o at_o mets_n on_o christmas-day_n follow_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o the_o first_o composer_n of_o the_o decree_n therein_o contain_v together_o with_o the_o approbation_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o prince_n count_n baron_n and_o other_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o imperial_a act_n of_o parliament_n be_v call_v bulla_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o all_o letter_n patent_n of_o emperor_n pope_n and_o several_a other_o great_a prince_n have_v that_o name_n give_v viz._n from_o the_o seal_n which_o give_v it_o its_o whole_a strength_n and_o validity_n for_o it_o be_v the_o fashion_n to_o hang_v great_a seal_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o letter_n and_o edict_n of_o state_n which_o have_v for_o many_o year_n have_v the_o name_n of_o bullae_fw-la because_o they_o resemble_v those_o guilt_n picture_n which_o child_n in_o the_o old_a roman_a commonwealth_n use_v to_o hang_v upon_o their_o breast_n till_o they_o arrive_v at_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o then_o consecrate_v they_o as_o holy_a relic_n to_o their_o lares_fw-la these_o seal_n be_v not_o always_o of_o the_o same_o matter_n nor_o bigness_n but_o different_a in_o bulk_n and_o value_n according_a to_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o letter_n to_o which_o they_o be_v fix_v ordinary_a letter_n of_o state_n such_o as_o contain_v commission_n or_o instruction_n for_o ambassador_n or_o the_o like_a be_v usual_o seal_v with_o a_o impression_n make_v upon_o wax_n but_o such_o as_o contain_v public_a statute_n or_o edict_n of_o prince_n bear_v seal_n of_o lead_n silver_n or_o gold_n answerable_a to_o the_o worth_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o law_n therein_o ratify_v or_o publish_v hence_o this_o irrevocable_a and_o most_o important_a edict_n of_o the_o emperor_n contain_v all_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o empire_n touch_v the_o time_n place_n and_o person_n necessary_o require_v to_o the_o due_a election_n of_o a_o emperor_n the_o number_n immunity_n
army_n consist_v not_o of_o volunteer_n but_o soldier_n press_v to_o rebellion_n 3._o that_o the_o person_n thus_o offend_v have_v evil_a design_n in_o his_o head_n as_o it_o be_v indeed_o a_o thousand_o to_o one_o but_o he_o have_v and_o a_o intention_n of_o overthrow_v the_o establish_a government_n any_o one_o of_o these_o accomplishment_n be_v not_o enough_o they_o say_v to_o make_v a_o complete_a disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o they_o all_o concur_v before_o the_o law_n can_v take_v hold_n of_o any_o man_n as_o a_o delinquent_n to_o these_o four_o head_n may_v be_v refer_v all_o the_o law_n and_o decree_n in_o force_n at_o this_o day_n over_o the_o whole_a empire_n except_v what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n collection_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n however_o in_o particular_a province_n and_o principality_n we_o must_v expect_v to_o find_v other_o body_n of_o statute_n such_o be_v the_o sachsen-spiegel_n schwaben-spiegel_n das_n sachsische_n weichbild_n etc._n etc._n of_o which_o more_o at_o large_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o several_a prince_n dominion_n where_o they_o be_v observe_v because_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a we_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n give_v the_o reader_n a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o law_n peculiar_a to_o germany_n and_o other_o common_a to_o the_o empire_n with_o other_o nation_n therefore_o we_o shall_v refer_v he_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o curiosity_n in_o this_o particular_a to_o the_o work_n of_o those_o many_o learned_a lawyer_n which_o have_v treat_v at_o large_a of_o this_o subject_n among_o who_o hermannus_n conringius_n late_a professor_n of_o physic_n at_o helmstadt_n be_v usual_o reckon_v the_o most_o eminent_a arumaeus_n besoldus_n speidelius_n hippolytus_n a_o lapide_fw-la paurmeister_n lampadius_n and_o other_o have_v do_v their_o country_n great_a service_n in_o collect_v together_o and_z commenting_z upon_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n the_o recessus_fw-la imperii_fw-la or_o statute-law_n of_o the_o state_n assemble_v in_o the_o public_a diet_n be_v collect_v into_o one_o body_n and_o sometime_o illustrate_v with_o accurate_a note_n by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o comitiologia_n panvinius_n gotlieb_n von_fw-mi hagen_n and_o most_o especial_o by_o the_o industrious_a and_o learned_a author_n of_o a_o small_a book_n entitle_v grundfeste_a des_fw-fr heiligen_n romischen_n reiche_n mounseur_fw-fr rachel_n plenipotentiary_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein-gottorp_a in_o the_o late_a treaty_n of_o peace_n at_o nimeguen_n publish_v a_o small_a treatise_n this_o present_a year_n 1680_o entitle_v introductio_fw-la ad_fw-la jus_fw-la publicum_fw-la germanicum_n wherein_o he_o give_v a_o concise_a but_o learned_a account_n of_o the_o historical_a chronological_n and_o georgraphical_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a common-law_n practise_v in_o the_o german_a empire_n of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o matter_n therein_o transact_v the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v the_o diet_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o general_n assembly_n of_o all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o answer_v in_o all_o thing_n to_o our_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n whether_o we_o respect_v the_o person_n that_o constitute_v it_o or_o the_o affair_n usual_o therein_o transact_v when_o the_o emperor_n summons_n summons_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o elector_n who_o be_v of_o his_o council_n have_v a_o mind_n the_o estate_n shall_v assemble_v he_o issue_v out_o his_o summons_n by_o letter_n to_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o other_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o have_v seat_n and_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o time_n and_o place_n appoint_v for_o their_o sit_v every_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v bind_v by_o his_o allegiance_n to_o appear_v at_o the_o day_n appoint_v either_o in_o person_n or_o by_o proxy_n in_o the_o old_a francic_a kingdom_n the_o several_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v their_o personal_a appearance_n and_o never_o permit_v to_o send_v deputy_n in_o their_o place_n except_o upon_o a_o just_a and_o lawful_a pretence_n to_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o elector_n whence_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o those_o day_n there_o will_v not_o appear_v above_o two_o or_o three_o deputy_n at_o most_o in_o a_o diet_n whereas_o now_o the_o better_a half_n consist_v usual_o of_o such_o substitute_n as_o have_v no_o voice_n of_o their_o own_o but_o come_v there_o to_o vote_n for_o their_o master_n the_o chief_a reason_n for_o such_o a_o alteration_n spring_v from_o the_o grow_a luxury_n of_o late_a age_n which_o oblige_v some_o poor_a prince_n to_o keep_v away_o for_o fear_v of_o be_v constrain_v to_o live_v at_o a_o rate_n beyond_o what_o their_o purse_n will_v bear_v though_o no_o more_o than_o what_o their_o quality_n require_v hence_o proceed_n in_o the_o diet_n come_v to_o be_v so_o slow_a pace_v and_o every_o matter_n in_o debate_n be_v hold_v much_o long_o in_o agitation_n before_o any_o thing_n be_v final_o resolve_v on_o than_o it_o will_v be_v if_o every_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o personal_a appearance_n for_o it_o must_v needs_o often_o happen_v that_o in_o several_a particular_a case_n bring_v before_o the_o diet_n the_o deputy_n want_v full_a instruction_n and_o so_o not_o dare_v to_o act_v beyond_o their_o commission_n be_v force_v to_o expect_v new_a order_n from_o their_o master_n before_o they_o will_v venture_v to_o proceed_v nay_o since_o the_o day_n of_o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n and_o for_o some_o short_a time_n before_o many_o of_o the_o estate_n have_v take_v the_o liberty_n of_o neither_o appear_v in_o person_n nor_o by_o their_o ambassador_n however_o in_o such_o case_n all_o matter_n transact_v in_o the_o absence_n of_o these_o estate_n or_o their_o deputy_n have_v as_o much_o force_n as_o if_o they_o be_v present_a as_o appear_v from_o the_o reichs_n absciede_n zu_fw-ge trier_n und_fw-ge colln_v a._n d._n 1512._o §_o es_fw-ge solln_v auch_fw-ge etc._n etc._n but_o when_o some_o grand_a and_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o empire_n require_v the_o personal_a appearance_n of_o the_o member_n themselves_o the_o emperor_n common_o urge_v they_o by_o his_o summons_n to_o repair_v in_o person_n to_o the_o place_n appoint_v thus_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o year_n 1555_o not_o only_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n but_o by_o ambassador_n request_v of_o the_o particular_a estate_n that_o they_o will_v give_v their_o personal_a attendance_n and_o not_o leave_v matter_n of_o so_o great_a importance_n as_o be_v then_o like_a to_o be_v bring_v before_o they_o to_o be_v take_v into_o consideration_n by_o deputy_n only_o who_o can_v not_o make_v so_o ready_a a_o dispatch_n as_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o affair_n before_o they_o will_v require_v after_o such_o a_o press_a summons_n as_o this_o the_o estate_n that_o absent_a themselves_o either_o send_v in_o no_o deputy_n at_o all_o or_o else_o make_v their_o ambassador_n plenipotentiaries_n by_o give_v they_o as_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o vote_n and_o act_n in_o the_o assembly_n as_o if_o they_o themselves_o be_v present_a the_o old_a roman_a emperor_n use_v to_o call_v assembly_n of_o their_o estate_n at_o roncale_n a_o pleasant_a place_n upon_o the_o river_n padus_n where_o the_o prince_n place_n place_n and_o other_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o the_o open_a field_n afterward_o they_o remove_v their_o meeting_n into_o great_a town_n and_o city_n which_o be_v a_o custom_n before_o charles_n the_o great_a pitch_a upon_o mentz_n as_o a_o place_n most_o convenient_a for_o the_o set_n of_o the_o diet._n the_o aurea_n bulla_n order_n that_o whoever_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n shall_v hold_v his_o first_o diet_n at_o noremberg_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n nisi_fw-la legitimum_fw-la obsteterit_n impedimentum_fw-la i._n e._n except_o a_o lawful_a reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o the_o contrary_n hence_o charles_n v._o give_v this_o reason_n why_o he_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o statute_n of_o the_o bull_n dieweil_fw-fr er_fw-mi der_fw-mi sterblichen_n lufft_v halb_a den_n reichstag_n zu_fw-ge nurnberg_n night_n habe_fw-la halten_v woollen_a habe_fw-ge er_fw-ge solchen_fw-ge gen_fw-la wormb_v angesetzet_n i._n e._n since_o he_o can_v not_o convenient_o hold_v a_o reichstag_n or_o diet_n at_o noremberg_n because_o of_o the_o bad_a and_o unwholesome_a air_n therefore_o he_o think_v good_a to_o remove_v it_o to_o worm_n the_o like_a reason_n be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n for_o remove_v the_o diet_n to_o augsburg_n and_o by_o ferdinand_n iii_o for_o call_v one_o at_o regenspurg_n by_o charles_n the_o five_o capitulation_n it_o be_v order_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o emperor_n to_o call_v a_o diet_n at_o what_o place_n he_o please_v provide_v it_o be_v not_o without_o the_o bound_n
of_o the_o german_a empire_n but_o because_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v have_v a_o respect_n to_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o estate_n as_o well_o as_o the_o emperor_n himself_o therefore_o in_o the_o capitulation_n swear_v to_o by_o the_o present_a emperor_n leopold_n it_o be_v express_o say_v underwit_n sunderlich_fw-ge keinen_n reichstag_n ausserhalb_fw-mi des_fw-fr reichs_n teutscher_fw-fr nation_n auch_fw-ge ehe_fw-ge und_fw-ge bevor_n wir_fw-ge darzu_fw-ge umb_fw-ge der_fw-ge sieben_fw-ge churfursten_a consens_fw-la und_fw-ge verwilligung_v durch_fw-mi sonderbahre_fw-ge schickung_v angehalten_fw-mi und_fw-ge uns_fw-mi mit_fw-ge denselben_fw-ge so_fw-ge wohl_fw-ge der_fw-ge zeit_fw-ge all_o be_v mahlstat_n vergleichen_n oder_fw-ge sie_n von_fw-mi selbsten_v des_fw-fr reichs_n anliegen_o halber_v uns_fw-mi darumb_fw-ge unterthanig_n angelanget_n und_fw-ge erinnert_n vornehmen_fw-ge oder_fw-ge ausschreiben_fw-ge i._n e._n and_o especial_o no_o diet_n without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n nor_o before_o by_o a_o express_a ambassador_n we_o have_v obtain_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o seven_o elector_n and_o consult_v with_o they_o about_o the_o time_n as_o well_o as_o place_v of_o the_o diet_n be_v sit_v or_o they_o themselves_o take_v the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o empire_n into_o consideration_n shall_v humble_o desire_v we_o to_o call_v such_o a_o assembly_n at_o present_v the_o diet_n be_v usual_o hold_v at_o ratisbon_n as_o a_o place_n of_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o court_n of_o most_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o other_o estate_n of_o the_o emprie_n as_o soon_o as_o any_o of_o the_o estate_n emâ—â—â—_n â—â—ing_n emâ—â—â—_n or_o their_o ambassador_n be_v come_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o beg_v audience_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o who_o they_o show_v their_o summons_n thank_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n for_o his_o gracious_a call_v a_o diet_n and_o promise_v their_o utmost_a endeavour_n in_o promote_a the_o general_a good_a of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o follow_a assembly_n the_o ambassador_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v the_o emperor_n a_o account_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o master_n absence_n according_a to_o a_o order_n of_o the_o diet_n to_o that_o purpose_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o reichs_n ascheide_v zu_fw-ge trier_n und_fw-ge colln_v a._n d._n 1621._o §_o es_fw-ge sullen_a auch_fw-ge die_fw-ge churfursten_a etc._n etc._n this_o do_v they_o be_v to_o acquaint_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o empire_n count_n papenheim_n with_o their_o arrival_n that_o he_o may_v be_v the_o better_a able_a to_o execute_v his_o office_n which_o be_v to_o provide_v each_o man_n a_o lodging_n suitable_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o to_o write_v down_o the_o name_n of_o every_o particular_a member_n last_o they_o be_v to_o give_v in_o their_o name_n to_o the_o chancellor_n or_o archbishop_z of_o mentz'_v office_n and_o there_o to_o show_v their_o credential_n the_o proposal_n of_o every_o thing_n to_o be_v discuss_v in_o the_o assembly_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n alone_o â—â—osals_n â—â—osals_n and_o not_o to_o the_o estate_n or_o member_n of_o the_o diet._n and_o although_o in_o his_o summons_n a_o particular_a day_n be_v always_o nominate_v for_o their_o session_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n to_o defer_v the_o proposal_n of_o any_o business_n for_o some_o time_n long_o insomuch_o that_o oftentimes_o the_o estate_n to_o save_v charge_n have_v make_v a_o late_a appearance_n than_o be_v appoint_v in_o their_o summons_n when_o the_o late_a emperor_n ferdinand_n iii_o have_v call_v a_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o three_o month_n be_v almost_o slip_v over_o after_o the_o day_n appoint_v before_o any_o thing_n be_v propose_v to_o the_o assemble_v member_n when_o at_o last_o the_o emperor_n be_v please_v to_o make_v the_o state_n acquaint_v with_o their_o business_n the_o vice-marshal_n give_v warning_n to_o every_o particular_a member_n to_o attend_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n at_o such_o a_o set_a time_n at_o which_o time_n appoint_v the_o elector_n and_o the_o rest_n give_v their_o attendance_n and_o wait_v on_o the_o emperor_n to_o church_n where_o public_a prayer_n be_v have_v for_o the_o happy_a success_n of_o all_o their_o consultation_n in_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o do_v they_o all_o return_n to_o the_o grand_a council_n chamber_n where_o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o robe_n declare_v to_o the_o estate_n the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v assemble_v and_o propose_v to_o they_o the_o head_n they_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o in_o the_o follow_a diet._n the_o controversy_n about_o take_v place_n in_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v long_o since_o determine_v among_o the_o elector_n by_o the_o golden_a bull_n â—â—ecedenâ—â—_n â—â—ecedenâ—â—_n but_o the_o other_o prince_n and_o deputy_n for_o the_o imperial_a city_n have_v continual_a quarrel_n at_o every_o meeting_n insomuch_o that_o sometime_o the_o diet_n be_v ready_a to_o break_v up_o in_o confusion_n and_o will_v doubtless_o often_o do_v it_o if_o some_o mild_a spirit_n than_o the_o rest_n do_v not_o compose_v the_o strife_n by_o yield_v their_o place_n to_o their_o antagonist_n with_o a_o reserve_a protestation_n against_o make_v use_n of_o this_o single_a instance_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o future_a the_o order_n observe_v by_o the_o elector_n in_o the_o assembly_n be_v somewhat_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v before_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n be_v make_v one_o of_o the_o number_n at_o this_o day_n they_o seat_v themselves_o thus_o first_o the_o elector_n of_o mentz_n challenge_v the_o chief_a place_n and_o sit_v always_o in_o the_o middle_n on_o his_o right_a hand_n be_v place_v the_o elector_n of_o treves_n and_o colen_n by_o turn_n and_o after_o one_o of_o they_o the_o bavarian_a and_o brandenburgher_n on_o the_o leave_v after_o one_o of_o the_o abovenamed_a spiritual_a elector_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o elector_n take_v the_o same_o place_n among_o themselves_o as_o if_o their_o master_n be_v personal_o present_a but_o if_o any_o one_o elector_n appear_v in_o his_o own_o person_n the_o ambassador_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n yield_v he_o the_o place_n though_o perhaps_o he_o shall_v have_v sit_v below_o all_o their_o master_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n divide_v themselves_o into_o two_o bench_n empire_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n die_v geistliche_n und_fw-ge weltliche_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o the_o spiritual_a and_o secular_a in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o old_a francic_a kingdom_n the_o bishop_n or_o prelate_n and_o secular_a prince_n make_v two_o distinct_a and_o separate_a body_n as_o they_o do_v to_o this_o day_n in_o provincial_a court_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o because_o the_o prelate_n use_v not_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o matter_n of_o state_n but_o concern_v themselves_o only_o in_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n with_o which_o the_o secular_a prince_n be_v never_o concern_v but_o afterward_o when_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v remove_v the_o debate_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n from_o the_o german_a assembly_n to_o their_o own_o court_n the_o prelate_n of_o the_o empire_n appear_v no_o more_o in_o the_o public_a diet_n as_o bishop_n but_o as_o temporal_a prince_n such_o as_o have_v no_o secular_a jurisdiction_n be_v shut_v out_o of_o the_o court._n on_o the_o spiritual_a bench_n sit_v the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n who_o be_v permit_v this_o honour_n because_o prince_n though_o secular_a yet_o of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a eminence_n in_o the_o empire_n the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n that_o be_v not_o elector_n several_a abbot_n some_o of_o which_o have_v princely_a dignity_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o last_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o lutheran_n prelate_n be_v former_o whole_o exclude_v from_o all_o appearance_n at_o any_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n against_o which_o hard_a usage_n their_o often_o repeat_v protestation_n prove_v unsuccessful_a at_o last_o matter_n be_v so_o order_v in_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n of_o peace_n that_o they_o obtain_v a_o seat_n in_o the_o diet_n but_o not_o among_o the_o roman_a prelate_n nor_o the_o secular_a prince_n but_o on_o a_o bench_n by_o themselves_o betwixt_o both_o the_o other_o but_o because_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a treaty_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o dukedom_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o lubeck_n and_o osnabrug_n into_o secular_a principality_n by_o turn_n therefore_o at_o this_o day_n all_o the_o reform_a prince_n except_v those_o that_o be_v elector_n sit_v on_o the_o secular_a bench_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o all_o prince_n count_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o
d._n 1066_o be_v martyr_v by_o the_o wendish_n apostate_n in_o these_o part_n after_o his_o cruel_a and_o inhuman_a death_n for_o his_o murderer_n be_v report_v to_o have_v cut_v of_o his_o hand_n and_o foot_n and_o in_o that_o miserable_a condition_n to_o have_v leave_v he_o alive_a for_o some_o day_n the_o seat_n be_v vacant_a for_o 83_o or_o 84_o year_n until_o eberhard_n be_v send_v hither_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_n in_o the_o year_n 1260._o this_o man_n successor_n bruno_n berno_n or_o benno_n be_v remove_v from_o mecklenburg_n to_o swerin_n when_o henry_n the_o lion_n by_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o have_v build_v a_o new_a cathedral_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o considerable_a revenue_n some_o of_o the_o mecklenburgish_a historian_n report_v that_o much_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o new_a cathedral_n the_o say_a duke_n henry_n cause_v the_o infidel_n mecklenburger_n to_o be_v drive_v by_o thousand_o into_o the_o swerin-sea_n at_o a_o place_n not_o far_o from_o fichel_n which_o from_o so_o remarkable_a a_o passage_n to_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o die_n dope_n or_o the_o font_n where_o they_o be_v all_o baptize_v by_o bishop_n benno_n from_o this_o benno_n there_o continue_v a_o uninterrupted_a succession_n of_o bishop_n of_o swerin_n who_o nevertheless_o keep_v their_o usual_a residence_n at_o butzow_n a_o fort_n and_o considerable_a town_n not_o far_o from_o gustrow_n until_o in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o bishopric_n be_v convert_v into_o a_o temporal_a principality_n and_o give_v up_o to_o adolph_n frideric_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n as_o before_o have_v be_v say_v in_o this_o city_n be_v keep_v the_o residence_n of_o christian-lewis_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n swerin_n who_o be_v bear_v the_o first_o of_o december_n 1623._o and_o by_o be_v educate_v in_o france_n and_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o romanist_n be_v bring_v up_o in_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o he_o still_o profess_v he_o marry_v at_o first_o his_o cousin_n german_n christina-margaret_n daughter_n of_o john_n albert_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o widow_n of_o francis_n albert_n duke_n of_o saxen-lawenburg_a but_o have_v upon_o some_o discontent_n get_v himself_o divorce_v from_o she_o he_o be_v the_o second_o time_n marry_v in_o france_n a._n d._n 1653_o to_o elizabeth_n de_fw-fr montmorency_n widow_n of_o gaspard_n de_fw-fr coligny_n duke_n of_o chastillon_n and_o sister_n to_o francis-henry_n de_fw-fr montmorency_n duke_n of_o luxemburg_n piney_n v._o gustrow_n a_o well_o fortify_v town_n gustrow_n gustrow_n about_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o rostock_n but_o remarkable_a for_o little_a or_o nothing_o save_o the_o residence_n of_o gustave-adolph_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg-gustrow_a only_a son_n of_o john_n albert_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o eleonor-mary_n princess_n of_o anhalt_n he_o be_v bear_v the_o six_o and_o twenty_o of_o february_n a._n d._n 1633_o and_o breed_v up_o a_o lutheran_n of_o which_o persuasion_n he_o still_o continue_v a_o zealous_a assertor_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o as_o great_a learning_n as_o gallantry_n and_o equal_o able_a to_o maintain_v his_o religion_n in_o the_o school_n and_o field_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o whether_o we_o fetch_v the_o word_n pomeren_fw-mi out_o of_o the_o high-dutch_a or_o slavonian_a language_n since_o pomeer_n in_o the_o former_a signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o pomercze_v in_o the_o latter_a i._n e._n a_o country_n situate_a upon_o the_o seashore_n such_o as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v know_v to_o be_v that_o the_o slavonian_a tongue_n be_v once_o common_o speak_v in_o this_o country_n appear_v from_o the_o termination_n of_o several_a name_n of_o great_a town_n in_o this_o dukedom_n as_o bugslaw_n wratislaw_n witslaw_n etc._n etc._n and_o historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o whole_a land_n be_v many_o year_n subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n and_o first_o annex_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n the_o whole_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o be_v ancient_o comprise_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o pomeren_n or_o pomerland_n be_v of_o a_o much_o large_a extent_n than_o the_o present_a dukedom_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d take_v in_o eastward_o all_o casubia_n and_o pomerellia_n but_o afterward_o this_o vast_a country_n be_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o back-pomerland_n for_o by_o this_o name_n it_o be_v ancient_o distinguish_v from_o the_o present_a dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v call_v fore-pomerland_n be_v give_v up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n in_o who_o possession_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v towards_o the_o south_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n for_o first_o in_o the_o vcker_n marck_n not_o only_o prentzlow_v angermund_n aderberg_n schweet_a and_o vierraden_n but_o also_o stargard_n and_o friedland_n be_v both_o subject_n to_o that_o duke_n until_o the_o whole_a vcker-marck_n be_v give_v to_o john_n i_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o barminus_n i_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n for_o a_o portion_n with_o his_o daughter_n and_o though_o prentzlow_v with_o the_o adjoin_a territory_n be_v afterward_o wrest_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o brandenburger_n yet_o they_o can_v not_o long_o keep_v their_o hold_n but_o be_v force_v to_o resign_v back_o their_o conquest_n the_o mecklenburger_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o friedland_n and_o have_v once_o take_v possession_n can_v never_o be_v beat_v out_o again_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o other_o the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o new-marck_n be_v under_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n dominion_n as_o part_v of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o stetin_n westward_o pomeren_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o warna_n and_o rostock_n be_v almost_o the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n last_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n reach_v much_o far_o northwards_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n which_o by_o degree_n swallow_v up_o a_o good_a part_n of_o their_o dominion_n the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v anon_o be_v think_v to_o be_v scarce_o half_a so_o large_a as_o it_o be_v former_o and_o some_o whole_a island_n in_o the_o baltic_a be_v at_o this_o day_n cover_v with_o the_o wave_n which_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v as_o habitable_a country_n so_o that_o pomeren_n though_o at_o this_o day_n only_o a_o small_a dukedom_n nay_o indeed_o no_o more_o than_o a_o inconsiderable_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n yet_o may_v ancient_o have_v pass_v for_o a_o kingdom_n and_o its_o duke_n have_v vied_z territory_n with_o most_o of_o the_o great_a monarch_n of_o europe_n at_o present_v the_o country_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v a_o long_a and_o narrow_a tract_n of_o land_n division_n division_n extend_v itself_o from_o east_n to_o west_n along_o the_o baltic_a shore_n which_o be_v usual_o divide_v into_o the_o province_n of_o stetin_n and_o wolgast_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o cosslin_n in_o the_o province_n of_o stetin_n be_v reckon_v the_o city_n of_o old_a stetin_n stargard_n stolpe_n greiffenberg_n treptow_n upon_o the_o rega_n rugenwald_n pyritz_n schlawe_n golnow_v gartz_n wollin_n camin_n belgarten_n new_a stetin_n sam_n zanew_v and_o pohlitz_n together_o with_o the_o fort_n of_o sazigk_n zachan_n jacobshagen_a fridrichwald_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o be_v fomer_o add_v the_o lordship_n of_o lavenburg_n and_o butou_n both_o which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la the_o last_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o province_n of_o wolgast_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o stralsund_n gripswald_n anklam_n demin_n pasewalk_n greiffenhagen_n wolgast_n barth_n trubsees_n grimmon_n damgarten_n vckermund_n loytz_n gutzkow_n franckenburg_n richtenberg_n lassen_n and_o new_a warp_n with_o the_o fort_n of_o weissen_n klempenau_n lindenberg_n and_o torgelou_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o same_o province_n be_v usual_o comprise_v the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n vsedom_n and_o some_o other_o upon_o these_o coast_n there_o be_v every_o where_o almost_o large_a and_o navigable_a river_n in_o pomeren_n lake_n river_n and_o lake_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o only_o enable_v to_o export_v the_o commodity_n of_o their_o own_o country_n and_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o the_o fruit_n and_o good_a thing_n of_o their_o neighbour_n but_o also_o have_v a_o great_a convenience_n of_o fortify_v their_o city_n and_o secure_v they_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n such_o as_o these_o be_v 1._o the_o rekenitz_n which_o separate_v this_o country_n from_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n make_v a_o kind_n
unanimous_a be_v sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o whole_a island_n against_o a_o potent_a enemy_n the_o language_n ancient_o speak_v in_o rugen_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n tongue_n language_n language_n but_o after_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n assist_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o island_n the_o wendish_n manner_n and_o language_n be_v utter_o abolish_v insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o rugen_n as_o a_o memorable_a thing_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1404_o there_o be_v one_o old_a woman_n leave_v in_o the_o isle_n that_o understand_v perfect_o and_o can_v speak_v the_o slavonian_a tongue_n at_o this_o day_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n speak_v the_o language_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n and_o some_o few_o especial_o where_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n officer_n keep_v their_o residence_n speak_v swedish_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o be_v convert_v from_o their_o idolatry_n and_o paganism_n religion_n religion_n and_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n helmondus_n seem_v to_o point_v more_o especial_o at_o the_o rugian_o when_o he_o say_v inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la autem_fw-la borealium_fw-la populos_fw-la sola_fw-la slavorum_n provincia_n remansit_fw-la caeteris_fw-la durior_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la credendum_fw-la tardior_fw-la however_o about_o the_o year_n 813_o a_o company_n of_o hardy_a monk_n venture_v to_o preach_v up_o christianity_n to_o these_o stubborn_a people_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n as_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n to_o bring_v over_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o to_o the_o true_a faith_n but_o they_o as_o quick_o abandon_v christianity_n and_o relapse_v into_o their_o former_a idolatry_n for_o as_o upon_o the_o first_o preach_v of_o the_o gospel_n in_o lycaonia_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n be_v ready_a to_o do_v sacrifice_n to_o st._n barnabas_n and_o st._n paul_n under_o the_o name_n of_o jupiter_n and_o mercury_n so_o these_o poor_a people_n mistake_v god_n minister_n for_o god_n himself_o idolise_v st._n vite_fw-la a_o poor_a monk_n that_o have_v undertake_v their_o conversion_n by_o the_o name_n of_o swant_n which_o name_n be_v afterward_o give_v to_o a_o monstrous_a four_o head_a image_n which_o they_o worship_v in_o a_o sumptuous_a temple_n to_o this_o idol_n all_o the_o rugian_o repair_v as_o to_o a_o oracle_n for_o advice_n and_o the_o foreign_a merchant_n that_o have_v make_v a_o safe_a voyage_n be_v oblige_v to_o offer_v up_o some_o of_o their_o best_a merchandise_n as_o a_o tribute_n of_o thanksgiving_n to_o this_o grand_a tutelary_a god_n of_o the_o island_n three_o hundred_o horse_n be_v keep_v constant_o for_o the_o service_n of_o swant_n one_o whereof_o be_v white_a and_o never_o rid_v but_o by_o the_o chief_a priest_n this_o horse_n be_v now_o and_o then_o show_v to_o the_o people_n in_o a_o morning_n all_o over_o besmear_v with_o dirt_n and_o sweat_n the_o priest_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n protest_v to_o the_o multitude_n that_o swant_n himself_o have_v bring_v the_o beast_n into_o that_o pickle_n by_o engage_v with_o and_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n of_o rugen_n the_o night_n before_o the_o manner_n of_o worship_v this_o idol_n which_o stand_v in_o arcona_n the_o famous_a city_n in_o old_a rugen_n before_o mention_v be_v thus_o the_o chief_a priest_n look_v into_o a_o horn_n which_o the_o image_n hold_v in_o its_o right_a hand_n and_o which_o have_v be_v fill_v the_o year_n before_o with_o a_o precious_a liquor_n prognosticate_v from_o the_o good_a quantity_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v the_o plenty_n or_o dearth_n of_o the_o year_n follow_v that_o do_v with_o his_o lip_n shut_v for_o fear_v of_o harm_v the_o idol_n with_o his_o breath_n he_o very_o solemn_o pour_v out_o the_o remain_a liquor_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o image_n and_o have_v replenish_v it_o afresh_o place_v it_o again_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o reverence_n in_o the_o god_n right_a hand_n whence_o he_o have_v take_v it_o down_o these_o ceremony_n be_v end_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o anniversary_n feast_v and_o jollity_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n the_o rugian_o continue_v for_o some_o age_n until_o by_o a_o continual_a conversation_n with_o their_o neighbour_n the_o pomeranian_o they_o be_v almost_o insensible_o turn_v christian_n and_o about_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o at_o last_o whole_o quit_v their_o idolatrous_a practice_n and_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o rugen_n be_v as_o zealous_a assertor_n and_o maintainer_n of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n as_o any_o german_n whatever_n the_o isle_n be_v ancient_o govern_v by_o prince_n of_o its_o own_o grammar_n grammar_n who_o dominion_n reach_v beyond_o the_o narrow_a boundary_n the_o sea_n have_v set_v they_o a_o great_a way_n into_o pomeren_n take_v in_o all_o the_o territory_n near_o stralsund_n gripswald_n and_o other_o place_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n antiquity_n will_v afford_v we_o a_o register_n of_o eleven_o prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o those_o in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o wislaus_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 938._o 2._o grimus_fw-la remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o his_o fill_v up_o a_o space_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o these_o prince_n 3._o cruco_n or_o crito_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o obatriti_n in_o the_o year_n 1100_o who_o after_o he_o have_v for_o some_o year_n exercise_v idolatry_n and_o tyranny_n in_o his_o dominion_n be_v depose_v and_o slay_v by_o henry_n son_n of_o gothscalc_n another_o inconsiderable_a king_n of_o the_o say_v obitriti_n at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o his_o wife_n schlavine_n daughter_n to_o swantibor_n i._o prince_n of_o pomeren_n 4._o raze_v a_o great_a warrior_n who_o besiege_v lubec_n and_o take_v it_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1141._o 5._o teslaus_n a_o prince_n who_o have_v continual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n two_o whereof_z eric_n vi._n and_o sueno_n iii_o he_o as_o often_o overcome_v as_o he_o be_v beat_v by_o they_o but_o at_o last_o be_v utter_o vanquish_v and_o make_v tributary_n by_o king_n waldemar_n 6._o jarimar_n teslaus_n brother_n the_o first_o prince_n of_o rugen_n that_o embrace_v christianity_n 7._o barmita_n arimar'_v son_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1241._o 8._o witzlaus_n ii_o barmita_n brother_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n at_o campen_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1247._o 9_o jarimar_n ii_o witzlaus_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o immediate_o after_o his_o admittance_n to_o the_o government_n rebel_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o at_o last_o after_o many_o engagement_n get_v himself_o and_o his_o successor_n ease_v from_o that_o yoke_n in_o the_o year_n 1259._o 10._o witzlaus_n iii_o jarimar_n the_o second_o be_v son_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o liefland_n where_o himself_o sometime_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o a_o priest_n preach_v christianity_n to_o the_o poor_a infidel_n of_o those_o part_n 11._o witzlaus_n iv_o the_o last_o prince_n of_o rugen_n of_o this_o family_n upon_o the_o unruly_a growth_n of_o the_o great_a city_n of_o stralsund_n the_o merchant_n and_o burgher_n find_v themselves_o able_a enough_o to_o grapple_v with_o this_o prince_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v no_o long_o subject_n to_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n if_o by_o violence_n or_o otherwise_o they_o can_v procure_v their_o liberty_n whereupon_o they_o open_o proclaim_v themselves_o a_o free_a city_n declare_v that_o neither_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n nor_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n can_v lawful_o pretend_v to_o exact_v any_o tribute_n or_o homage_n from_o the_o citizen_n of_o stralsund_n upon_o the_o noise_n of_o this_o revolt_n prince_n witzlaus_n assist_v by_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a king_n and_o prince_n besiege_v stralsund_v demand_v submission_n together_o with_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n of_o their_o unpardonable_a crime_n in_o dare_v to_o make_v so_o traitorous_a a_o revolt_n but_o in_o vain_a for_o the_o stralsunder_v not_o only_o persist_v in_o the_o resolution_n of_o assert_v their_o liberty_n to_o the_o last_o but_o brave_o withstand_v the_o assault_n of_o witzlaus_n and_o his_o associate_n and_o after_o many_o hot_a dispute_n slay_v this_o prince_n in_o a_o sally_n thereby_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n and_o whole_a lineage_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o rugen_n in_o the_o year_n 1325._o after_o this_o the_o island_n of_o rugen_n with_o other_o part_n of_o that_o principality_n upon_o the_o continent_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o
werdenhagen_n a_o author_n of_o good_a credit_n to_o who_o the_o world_n be_v indebt_v for_o the_o most_o accurate_a description_n of_o the_o hans-town_n hitherto_o publish_v tell_v we_o this_o small_a city_n have_v its_o name_n as_o well_o as_o bernau_n beerwald_n bernstein_n with_o some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n from_o its_o first_o founder_n marquis_n albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la or_o der_fw-mi beer_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o pleasant_a plot_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n spree_n which_o prickheimer_n dresser_n willichius_n maginus_fw-la bertius_fw-la with_o some_o other_o note_v geographer_n have_v mistake_v for_o ptolomy_n svevus_n whereas_o that_o great_a man_n make_v his_o svevus_n to_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o spree_n join_v itself_o with_o the_o havel_n at_o spandau_n with_o which_o it_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o the_o elb_n near_o werben_fw-ge which_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o german_a ocean_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v coln_n on_o the_o spree_n as_o it_o be_v name_v for_o distinction_n sake_n famous_a for_o the_o palace_n and_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o castle_n here_o be_v build_v by_o marquis_n joachim_n the_o second_o but_o much_o enlarge_v and_o beautify_v by_o his_o successor_n thing_n most_o worth_a the_o see_v here_o be_v the_o armoury_n chamber_n of_o rarity_n gallery_n in_o some_o of_o which_o among_o multitude_n of_o other_o rare_a picture_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o piece_n of_o the_o famous_a luke_n kranach_n work_n garden_n waterwork_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o the_o citizen_n of_o berlin_n and_o coln_n be_v strange_o alarm_v with_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o apparition_n or_o spirit_n which_o many_o of_o they_o pretend_v to_o have_v see_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o to_o have_v hear_v it_o pronounce_v these_o word_n veni_fw-la judica_n vivos_fw-la &_o mortvos_fw-la now_o because_o the_o curious_a man_n about_o the_o court_n have_v observe_v the_o say_a year_n 1628._o mystical_o point_v at_o in_o the_o numeral_a letter_n of_o those_o word_n they_o present_o conclude_v that_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n be_v not_o far_o off_o iii_o francfurt_n francfurt_n francfurt_n upon_o the_o other_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 146_o by_o sunno_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o frank_n who_o pursue_v the_o vandal_n to_o this_o place_n with_o a_o army_n of_o eighteen_o some_o say_v twenty-eight_a thousand_o of_o his_o countryman_n place_v here_o a_o colony_n of_o his_o soldier_n call_v the_o town_n he_o have_v build_v for_o they_o trajectum_n francorum_n or_o francfurt_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1253_o john_n i_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o his_o brother_n otho_n rebuilt_a the_o decay_a town_n and_o enlarge_v it_o above_o a_o three_o part_n in_o the_o year_n 1379_o marquis_n sigismond_n grant_v many_o and_o great_a privilege_n to_o the_o citizen_n upon_o their_o enter_v into_o the_o society_n of_o the_o hans-town_n last_o the_o university_n of_o francfurt_n be_v found_v by_o marquis_n joachim_n i._n and_o his_o brother_n albert_n afterward_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n and_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1506_o at_o which_o time_n the_o school_n here_o be_v stock_v with_o professor_n from_o leipsic_n professor_n of_o best_a note_n in_o this_o university_n of_o late_a year_n and_o probable_o some_o of_o they_o may_v be_v still_o alive_a be_v raetius_n strickius_n becman_n and_o schultz_n who_o have_v please_v their_o countryman_n with_o the_o edition_n of_o some_o few_o disputation_n and_o small_a pamphlet_n of_o good_a credit_n the_o street_n be_v general_o large_a and_o well_o build_v the_o marketplace_n spacious_a and_o stately_a in_o which_o be_v yearly_o keep_v three_o great_a fair_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a carthusian_n monastery_n of_o which_o johannes_n ab_fw-la indagine_fw-la who_o as_o dresser_n report_v be_v author_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o treatise_n upon_o different_a subject_n be_v sometime_o prior._n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v some_o few_o more_o of_o less_o note_n as_o 1._o spandau_n a_o strong_a town_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o spree_n but_o mean_v and_o inconsiderable_a for_o its_o building_n 2._o oranienburg_n call_v former_o botzaw_v about_o sixteen_o or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o berlin_n a_o village_n and_o palace_n that_o afford_v the_o great_a variety_n of_o pleasure_n of_o any_o in_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n dominion_n encompass_v on_o every_o side_n with_o most_o delicate_a and_o pleasant_a park_n and_o forest_n well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n bisental_a angermund_n liebenwald_n kremme_n nieustadt_n etc._n etc._n have_v nothing_o remarkable_a in_o they_o prenslow_n a_o town_n well_o furnish_v with_o fish_n from_o the_o adjoin_a vcker_n see_v strasburg_n and_o templin_n be_v three_o well_o fortify_v town_n and_o the_o only_a three_o worth_n the_o mention_v in_o the_o vcker-marck_n iii_o newmarck_n newmarck_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o river_n warta_n and_o pomeren_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o middle-marck_n by_o the_o other_o contain_v in_o circuit_n about_o a_o hundred_o english_a mile_n it_o belong_v ancient_o to_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 290_o sell_v it_o to_o otho_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n sigismond_n pawn_v it_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o redeem_v it_o again_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n the_o country_n be_v everywhere_o sufficient_o fruitful_a soil_n soil_n and_o abound_v with_o cornfield_n and_o pasture-ground_n more_o than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o the_o inhabitant_n plant_v vineyard_n which_o sometime_o though_o rare_o turn_v to_o good_a account_n in_o some_o place_n the_o boar_n find_v now_o and_o then_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o red_a coral_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n which_o as_o mr._n cambden_n speak_v of_o the_o like_a treasure_n in_o cumberland_n gemmarii_fw-la minimus_fw-la ab_fw-la egenis_fw-la emunt_fw-la &_o maximo_fw-la revendunt_fw-la the_o only_a town_n in_o the_o new-marck_n which_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n in_o this_o place_n be_v custrin_n seat_v upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge and_o this_o too_o custrin_n custrin_n not_o many_o age_n ago_o be_v only_o a_o poor_a despicable_a village_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o beggarly_a fisherman_n until_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n return_v from_o his_o follow_v the_o war_n under_o charles_n v._o fortify_v the_o place_n with_o rampire_n and_o bulwark_n of_o earth_n about_o the_o year_n 1537._o but_o find_v that_o whatever_o security_n he_o may_v promise_v himself_o from_o these_o fortress_n against_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n such_o bank_n as_o he_o have_v cast_v up_o be_v easy_o wash_v away_o with_o a_o flood_n he_o soon_o after_o wall_v it_o round_o with_o stone_n and_o it_o be_v now_o become_v the_o key_n of_o the_o new-marck_n the_o invincible_a king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n be_v baffle_v at_o this_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 1631_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v his_o design_a siege_n and_o withdraw_v his_o army_n which_o before_o that_o time_n know_v not_o how_o to_o leave_v a_o town_n unplunder_v so_o that_o this_o city_n may_v possible_o deserve_v that_o high_a character_n which_o angelius_n a_o werdenhagen_n or_o his_o author_n have_v give_v of_o it_o in_o the_o three_o follow_a distich_n ipsa_fw-la licet_fw-la cunctas_fw-la adducat_fw-la thracia_n vires_fw-la germanis_fw-la certam_fw-la saepe_fw-la minata_fw-la necem_fw-la ipsa_fw-la licet_fw-la cunctas_fw-la ducat_n terra_fw-la itala_n vires_fw-la teutonibus_fw-la magnum_fw-la saepe_fw-la minata_fw-la malum_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la humana_fw-la poteris_fw-la delery_a arte_fw-la nec_fw-la vi_fw-la nec_fw-la vigili_fw-la fraud_n dolove_n capi_fw-la the_o burgher_n have_v general_o neat_a and_o well_o furnish_v house_n and_o the_o marketplace_n excel_v any_o in_o the_o whole_a marquisate_n sternberg_n be_v memorable_a for_o nothing_o but_o its_o give_a name_n to_o a_o small_a territory_n adjoin_v and_o dam_n konigsberg_n morin_n banen_n soldin_n landsberg_n with_o some_o other_o may_v be_v reckon_v without_o any_o great_a injury_n do_v they_o among_o the_o village_n rather_o than_o city_n of_o the_o marquisate_n the_o place_n subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o crossen_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o silesia_n and_o lusatia_n shall_v be_v describe_v hereafter_o when_o we_o come_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o country_n to_o which_o they_o more_o immediate_o belong_v the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n magdeburg_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o historian_n to_o be_v a_o city_n of_o as_o great_a antiquity_n as_o most_o in_o germany_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o be_v of_o
in_o this_o church_n forty-nine_a altar_n whereof_o the_o high_a altar_n in_o the_o choir_n be_v of_o one_o piece_n of_o stone_n curious_o wrought_v and_o of_o various_a colour_n it_o be_v nine_o hamburg_n ell_n each_o of_o which_o make_v one_o foot_n and_o ten_o inch_n in_o length_n four_o in_o breadth_n and_o one_o in_o thickness_n and_o value_v at_o above_o two_o tun_n of_o gold_n magdeburg_n have_v once_o the_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o civil_a case_n as_o well_o as_o ecclesiastical_a over_o all_o the_o other_o city_n in_o saxony_n judicature_n judicature_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v like_o our_o bishop_n of_o durham_n a_o count_n palatine_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o determine_v all_o cause_n bring_v before_o he_o but_o that_o grand_a authority_n be_v lose_v by_o degree_n and_o now_o the_o citizen_n of_o magdeburg_n have_v no_o other_o court_n of_o judicature_n than_o such_o as_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o burgomaster_n and_o raedtsherrn_n of_o other_o city_n as_o well_o as_o this_o that_o part_n of_o this_o dukedom_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o elb_n be_v exceed_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n but_o want_v wood_n and_o other_o fuel_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o river_n have_v plenty_n of_o wood_n but_o want_v corn._n there_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o whole_a circle_n twenty-eight_a town_n which_o ancient_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o their_o duke_n anhalt_n betwixt_o the_o sala_n and_o the_o elb_n lie_v the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o principality_n the_o whole_a be_v environ_v by_o the_o county_n of_o mansfeldt_n the_o upper_a saxony_n the_o bishopric_n of_o halle_n the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n marchia_n nova_fw-la vulgo_fw-la new_a mark_n in_o march_n brandenburg_n principatus_fw-la anhaldinus_n et_fw-fr magdeburgensis_n archiepiscopatus_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a it_o will_v not_o in_o this_o place_n be_v amiss_o to_o inform_v the_o the_o reader_n that_o prince_n lewis_n beforemention_v to_o the_o great_a credit_n of_o himself_o and_o family_n be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o the_o frucht-barende_a geselschaft_n as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o or_o fructify_a society_n the_o story_n of_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v this_o prince_n have_v travel_v over_o all_o europe_n and_o observe_v the_o great_a advantage_n which_o the_o nobility_n in_o france_n italy_n and_o other_o nation_n have_v in_o be_v furnish_v with_o store_n of_o excellent_a book_n in_o their_o own_o language_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v whether_o he_o can_v persuade_v any_o of_o his_o own_o countryman_n to_o set_v upon_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o best_a latin_n and_o greek_a author_n into_o a_o more_o easy_a and_o intelligible_a stile_n than_o be_v ordinary_o use_v among_o they_o in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o design_n he_o institute_v the_o society_n aforesaid_a whereof_o himself_o be_v the_o first_o precedent_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o herein_o that_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n after_o there_o be_v above_o twenty_o prince_n and_o at_o least_o six_o hundred_o lord_n and_o nobleman_n who_o enter_v and_o enroll_v themselves_o in_o this_o college_n of_o wit_n and_o how_o much_o the_o german_a nation_n be_v behold_v to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o virtuoso_n there_o be_v no_o intelligent_a man_n but_o what_o be_v abundant_o sensible_a for_o beside_o the_o opportunity_n which_o every_o man_n have_v of_o read_v the_o writing_n of_o foreign_a author_n in_o his_o own_o language_n the_o german_n be_v able_a to_o spell_v their_o own_o tongue_n aright_o which_o before_o the_o institution_n of_o this_o society_n so_o few_o of_o they_o can_v do_v that_o duesius_n tell_v we_o one_o main_a design_n of_o his_o publish_v a_o german_a grammar_n be_v to_o teach_v the_o nobility_n of_o that_o nation_n to_o put_v their_o word_n into_o writing_n the_o most_o considerable_a town_n in_o this_o small_a principality_n be_v 1._o zerbst_n seat_v on_o a_o small_a river_n about_o a_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb._n dresserus_n fancy_v this_o a_o town_n of_o great_a antiquity_n zerbst_n zerbst_n and_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o servetii_n or_o cervetii_n as_o he_o read_v it_o a_o old_a wendish_n people_n but_o werdenhagen_n a_o better_a antiquary_n reject_v this_o frivolous_a assertion_n and_o prove_v that_o zerbst_n in_o the_o wendish_n dialect_n signify_v a_o strong_a fort._n it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o a_o sort_n of_o strong_a heady_a beer_n which_o the_o citizen_n brew_v in_o summer_n and_o send_v abroad_o into_o all_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o province_n 2._o bernburg_n bernburg_n bernburg_n another_o residence_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n separate_v from_o the_o palace_n by_o the_o river_n sala_n on_o the_o eleven_o of_o march_n in_o the_o year_n 1636_o this_o town_n be_v take_v by_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n force_n who_o put_v the_o whole_a garrison_n that_o defend_v it_o with_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n except_v only_o those_o few_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n court_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o plunder_v the_o city_n 3._o dessau_n a_o well_o fortify_v town_n on_o the_o elb_n dessau_n dessau_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a part_n of_o the_o country_n it_o have_v its_o name_n give_v as_o most_o of_o the_o german_a etymologist_n imagine_v by_o the_o jew_n who_o in_o their_o mongrel_n dutch-jewish_a dialect_n call_v a_o fat_a soil_n such_o as_o this_o town_n stand_v on_o desk_n the_o prince_n palace_n in_o dessau_n be_v first_o build_v as_o appear_v by_o a_o old_a inscription_n over_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n by_o albert_n and_o waldemar_n two_o brother_n prince_n of_o anhalt_n in_o the_o year_n 1341._o in_o one_o of_o the_o chapel_n of_o this_o town_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o tomb_n of_o jeckel_n rehebock_n who_o some_o german_a historian_n name_n meniken_n von_fw-mi belitz_n a_o old_a miller_n who_o have_v for_o some_o time_n attend_v waldemar_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o war_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o counterfeit_v his_o slay_a master_n and_o carry_v on_o the_o design_n so_o cunning_o that_o a_o great_a many_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v the_o very_a marquis_n and_o follow_v he_o with_o as_o great_a respect_n as_o they_o have_v do_v his_o master_n before_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1350._o 4._o aschersleben_n or_o ascania_n ascania_n ascania_n whence_o the_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n get_v the_o name_n of_o principes_fw-la ascanii_fw-la it_o be_v a_o old_a town_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n seize_v on_o by_o canon_n of_o that_o church_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n otho_n widow_n in_o the_o year_n 1315._o since_o which_o time_n the_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n have_v often_o complain_v of_o the_o injustice_n of_o this_o action_n and_o hope_v for_o a_o redress_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n but_o in_o vain_a for_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v by_o that_o treaty_n grant_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v too_o potent_a a_o prince_n to_o be_v fright_v into_o a_o resignation_n of_o any_o of_o the_o dependence_n upon_o that_o diocese_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n strict_o so_o call_v comprehend_v only_o the_o territory_n subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o hannover_n or_o calenberg_n the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n with_o the_o county_n of_o blanckenburg_n and_o reinstein_n be_v indeed_o usual_o comprise_v under_o the_o same_o name_n because_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n and_o wolfenbuttel_n who_o be_v both_o entitle_v duke_n of_o brunswic_n as_o well_o luneburg_n but_o be_v however_o in_o themselves_o distinct_a dominion_n and_o shall_v according_o be_v separately_z describe_v the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o hannever_n be_v exceed_v populous_a and_o fruitful_a soil_n soil_n the_o wheat_n and_o rye_n in_o this_o country_n grow_v sometime_o to_o that_o prodigious_a height_n that_o their_o ordinary_a ear_n of_o corn_n be_v high_o than_o the_o tall_a man_n on_o horseback_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v not_o expect_v to_o meet_v with_o such_o pleasant_a and_o profitable_a cornfield_n as_o these_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o country_n a_o great_a share_n of_o the_o hercynean_a forest_n run_v through_o this_o land_n though_o that_o be_v now_o parcele_v out_o into_o small_a wood_n and_o park_n in_o these_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v beside_o the_o provision_n of_o timber_n and_o fuel_n great_a store_n of_o deer_n wild_a swine_n hare_n etc._n etc._n with_o fowl_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o to_o mention_v their_o rich_a mine_n of_o iron_n salt_n and_o coal-pit_n of_o which_o in_o
and_o a_o great_a many_o stately_a dwell_a house_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v in_o beer-brewing_a and_o make_v colour_v and_o dress_v several_a sort_n of_o linen_n and_o some_o woollen_a cloth_n zittau_n zittau_n zittau_n or_o sittau_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o susse_v awe_n and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o fresh_a and_o sweet_a water_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v but_o we_o need_v inquire_v no_o further_o after_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n if_o what_o dresser_n report_v be_v true_a that_o on_o a_o grave-stone_n in_o this_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o time_n the_o follow_a inscription_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 1021_o idibus_fw-la julii_n obiit_fw-la pia_fw-la &_o illustris_fw-la foemina_fw-la zittavia_n christianissimo_fw-la principi_fw-la manfredo_n nupta_fw-la fundatrix_fw-la &_o dotatrix_fw-la huius_fw-la oppidi_fw-la de_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la nomine_fw-la dicti_fw-la there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n at_o present_a remarkable_a in_o the_o town_n except_o the_o old_a franciscan_a monastery_n which_o since_o the_o reformation_n have_v be_v convert_v into_o a_o hospital_n iv_o leiba_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o lobau_n liben_fw-ge loben_n or_o lubben_n for_o all_o these_o name_n i_o find_v give_v it_o by_o mercator_n and_o other_o note_a geographer_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o old_a town_n in_o these_o part_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o other_o five_o confederate_a city_n of_o lusatia_n use_v always_o to_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o consult_v at_o this_o place_n in_o time_n of_o any_o common_a calamity_n or_o danger_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n about_o a_o equal_a distance_n betwixt_o bautzen_n and_o gorlitz_n gird_v round_o with_o a_o delicate_a plain_n and_o pleasant_a meadow_n we_o may_v judge_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o this_o little_a town_n by_o the_o vast_a plunder_v which_o the_o swedish_n army_n confess_v they_o get_v out_o of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1639_o which_o amount_v to_o a_o sum_n of_o seventy_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n in_o ready_a cash_n beside_o other_o rich_a booty_n v._o luben_n on_o the_o spree_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n in_o this_o place_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v a_o palace_n in_o which_o sometime_o in_o a_o progress_n for_o pleasure_n he_o keep_v his_o residence_n for_o some_o short_a while_n what_o alteration_n be_v here_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n may_v perhaps_o be_v remember_v by_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a burgher_n of_o the_o town_n but_o be_v not_o i_o think_v record_v by_o any_o historian_n of_o note_n vi_o guben_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o a_o well_o fortify_v little_a town_n in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n neisse_n which_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o its_o strength_n and_o security_n in_o the_o year_n 1631_o immediate_o after_o the_o great_a battle_n of_o leipsick_a the_o imperialist_n fall_v in_o upon_o this_o city_n and_o take_v it_o but_o towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o october_n be_v drive_v out_o again_o by_o marquis_n hamilton_n at_o that_o time_n a_o commander_n in_o the_o swedish_n army_n who_o come_v sudden_o upon_o they_o put_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n and_o rout_v the_o rest_n but_o the_o poor_a citizen_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1642_o when_o the_o swedish_n general_n stallhanss_n lie_v before_o it_o for_o three_o week_n together_o and_o the_o poor_a besiege_a saxon_n lay_v block_v up_o and_o destitute_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o ammunition_n be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o surrender_v themselves_o upon_o what_o term_n their_o merciless_a enemy_n will_v propose_v to_o they_o camentz_n lucken_n calow_n with_o many_o other_o may_v pass_v for_o fair_a village_n but_o will_v hardly_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o city_n the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n many_o and_o various_a be_v the_o opinion_n of_o geographer_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n silesia_n or_o schlesien_n to_o speak_v in_o the_o german_a language_n it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o schless_a a_o small_a river_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o other_o but_o other_o be_v content_a to_o fetch_v it_o from_o the_o elysii_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n not_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o dive_v any_o further_a into_o the_o original_n of_o that_o name_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o that_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o common_a name_n of_o silesia_n be_v contain_v ancient_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n of_o different_a name_n and_o government_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pirckheimer_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o country_n about_o bresslaw_n be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o lutiburi_n the_o principality_n of_o sagan_n by_o the_o batini_n the_o dukedom_n of_o oppelen_n by_o the_o sidones_n and_o that_o of_o teschen_n by_o the_o cogni_n to_o these_o simon_n grisbecius_n add_v several_a other_o in_o the_o follow_a distich_n elysiam_fw-la veteres_fw-la ligii_fw-la quadique_fw-la manimi_n marsigni_n clari_fw-la quam_fw-la tenuere_fw-la luij_o and_o to_o these_o the_o learned_a cluverius_n will_v have_v we_o to_o add_v the_o semnones_n osi_n burii_n etc._n etc._n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v no_o more_o than_o so_o many_o distinct_a name_n take_v from_o the_o different_a village_n these_o man_n inhabit_v or_o it_o may_v be_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n as_o be_v the_o peculiar_a fancy_n of_o these_o german_a people_n now_o these_o name_n of_o place_n rivers_z etc._n etc._n be_v as_o cureus_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o silesia_n assure_v we_o quite_o lose_v and_o forget_v upon_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o polish_v language_n into_o this_o country_n lignitz_n libus_fw-la and_o some_o few_o place_n more_o retain_v their_o primitive_a name_n but_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v as_o appear_v from_o their_o termination_n of_o a_o polish_v extraction_n pliny_n call_v the_o other_o the_o chief_a river_n of_o this_o country_n guttalus_n and_o other_o think_v that_o river_n which_o have_v now_o the_o name_n of_o the_o spree_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n name_v suevus_n from_o whence_o some_o geographer_n not_o improbable_o have_v conclude_v that_o first_o the_o goth_n and_o afterward_o the_o suevi_n or_o swabe_n be_v former_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n that_o silesia_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n in_o the_o day_n of_o their_o first_o prince_n lechus_n or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a large_a share_n of_o it_o government_n ancient_a government_n down_z as_o far_o as_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n oder_fw-ge seem_v probable_a enough_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o former_a whereof_o begin_v the_o polish_v nation_n from_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o that_o river_n which_o the_o late_a make_v the_o utmost_a bound_n eastward_o of_o his_o slavi_n however_o it_o be_v as_o manifest_v that_o the_o ancient_a prince_n of_o germany_n often_o invade_v this_o land_n and_o probable_a enough_o that_o it_o be_v sometime_o tributary_n to_o they_o before_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v day_n we_o have_v but_o little_a of_o history_n concern_v these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o we_o may_v rely_v on_o but_o cureus_n prove_v to_o we_o that_o this_o emperor_n among_o many_o other_o his_o noble_a exploit_n subject_v silesia_n to_o himself_o and_o eginhard_n mean_v the_o same_o thing_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a overrun_v the_o whole_a country_n betwixt_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o vistula_n where_o by_o the_o vistula_n it_o be_v evident_a he_o understand_v the_o first_o original_a source_n or_o head_n of_o that_o river_n after_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v day_n we_o have_v yet_o clear_a testimony_n of_o the_o silesian_n pay_v homage_n to_o the_o german_n adam_n bremensis_n a_o historian_n of_o unquestionable_a authority_n speak_v of_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o godly_a say_v ipse_fw-la boemanos_fw-la sarabos_n susos_n where_o by_o the_o way_n we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o instead_o of_o silesii_fw-la some_o of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n have_v slesii_n other_o sliusii_n many_o sileucii_n and_o not_o a_o few_o susi_n &_o caeteros_fw-la slavorum_n populos_fw-la ita_fw-la perdomuit_fw-la ut_fw-la tributarios_fw-la efficeret_fw-la whence_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o quick_o throw_v of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v yoke_n as_o they_o do_v not_o long_o afterward_o his_o son_n be_v too_o for_o helmoldus_n tell_v we_o post_fw-la mortem_fw-la ludovici_n regis_fw-la bohemi_n sorabi_n susi_fw-la &_o slavi_n quos_fw-la ipse_fw-la tributis_fw-la subjecerat_fw-la tunc_fw-la servitutis_fw-la jugum_fw-la excusserunt_fw-la another_o rebellion_n the_o annales_n fuldenses_n mention_n in_o the_o year_n 874_o slavi_n qui_fw-la vocantur_fw-la linones_n &_o sliusi_fw-la eorumque_fw-la vicini_fw-la defectionem_fw-la molientes_fw-la solitum_fw-la dare_v censum_fw-la renuunt_fw-la quos_fw-la
hludovicus_fw-la rex_fw-la missis_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la sine_fw-la bello_fw-la compressit_fw-la acceptisque_fw-la obsidibus_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la &_o muneribus_fw-la non_fw-la paucis_fw-la eos_fw-la sub_fw-la pristinum_fw-la redegit_fw-la servitium_fw-la i_o have_v be_v the_o more_o punctual_a in_o allege_v these_o authority_n because_o i_o find_v the_o polish_v writer_n obstinate_o deny_v that_o the_o silesian_n have_v in_o these_o day_n any_o other_o lord_n than_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o polish_v chronicle_n seem_v to_o allow_v of_o the_o forementioned_a german_a relation_n when_o he_o say_v that_o boleslaus_n i._o annex_v seleucia_n prussia_n russia_n moravia_n and_o bohemia_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o his_o predecessor_n which_o intimate_v thus_o much_o that_o former_o seleucia_n or_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o some_o other_o prince_n in_o the_o year_n 1042_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iii_o give_v a_o grant_n of_o silesia_n to_o bretislaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n who_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o polander_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v for_o ever_o pay_v out_o of_o it_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o bohemia_n afterterwards_o henry_n iv_o at_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o mentz_n a._n d._n 1086_o give_v power_n to_o vratislau_n king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o invade_v silesia_n lusatia_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o subject_v they_o to_o his_o own_o government_n as_o be_v testify_v by_o cosmas_n pragensis_n who_o be_v himself_o present_a at_o the_o diet._n this_o cromer_n can_v deny_v but_o only_o in_o the_o height_n of_o his_o passion_n assert_n that_o neither_o the_o emperor_n henry_n nor_o king_n vratislaus_n have_v ever_o any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o these_o territory_n this_o assignment_n of_o silesia_n occasion_v war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o polander_n the_o late_a whereof_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o believe_v be_v conqueror_n since_o we_o read_v that_o the_o silesian_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o boleslaus_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n this_o king_n son_n vladislaus_n ii_o be_v banish_v by_o his_o brother_n who_o his_o father_n have_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o of_o the_o kingdom_n out_o of_o poland_n flee_v to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_o who_o successor_n frideric_n i._o force_v king_n boleslaus_n iv_o to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n to_o this_o exile_a brother_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o vladislaus_n leave_v behind_o he_o three_o son_n boleslaus_n mieczislaus_n and_o conrade_n who_o be_v joint-dukes_n of_o silesia_n but_o pay_v some_o small_a homage_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o flock_v in_o of_o the_o german_n into_o silesia_n with_o vladislaus_n and_o his_o son_n and_o their_o settle_v themselves_o in_o this_o dukedom_n breed_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o bad_a blood_n betwixt_o this_o nation_n and_o the_o polander_n insomuch_o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n will_v seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n to_o the_o general_a assembly_n or_o the_o prince_n and_o nobility_n of_o that_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v they_o ever_o admit_v to_o succeed_v to_o the_o crown_n though_o before_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v elective_a they_o have_v often_o the_o just_a title_n to_o it_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n vii_o be_v a_o zealous_a promoter_n of_o these_o dissension_n manage_v they_o so_o well_o to_o his_o own_o advantage_n that_o at_o last_o he_o become_v lord_n of_o silesia_n by_o a_o agreement_n make_v with_o casimir_n the_o great_a king_n of_o poland_n however_o by_o this_o treaty_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v not_o make_v over_o to_o he_o for_o bernhard_n duke_n of_o sweidnitz_n still_o acknowledge_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o polish_v king_n as_o stanislaus_n lubienski_n prove_v out_o of_o several_a ancient_a record_n of_o that_o nation_n afterward_o casimir_n the_o great_a recover_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n the_o town_n and_o territory_n of_o wschovia_n contrary_a say_v curaeus_n to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n sign_v by_o he_o and_o the_o forementioned_a john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o conquest_n or_o rather_o outrage_n commit_v by_o the_o say_v casimir_n soldier_n in_o the_o year_n 1343_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v keep_v actual_a possession_n of_o wschovia_n to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n jagellonides_n iu._n john_n duke_n of_o oswiecieme_n venture_v upon_o a_o affront_n give_v he_o to_o invade_v poland_n and_o to_o lay_v waste_n several_a town_n and_o village_n in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o polander_n to_o make_v themselves_o satisfaction_n for_o this_o injury_n march_v into_o this_o duke_n territory_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o whole_a country_n before_o they_o until_o duke_n john_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v the_o business_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v for_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n resign_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o whole_a right_n and_o title_n to_o the_o town_n and_o fort_n of_o oswieciem_fw-la by_o which_o mean_v that_o city_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n dominion_n in_o the_o year_n 1454._o about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o ratibor_n and_o sessine_n make_v over_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sever_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o successor_n be_v lord_n of_o it_o to_o this_o day_n some_o other_o small_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o silesia_n do_v still_o belong_v to_o certain_a abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n but_o all_o the_o most_o note_a province_n except_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n of_o which_o in_o its_o place_n be_v reckon_v dependence_n on_o the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n upon_o which_o score_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n style_v himself_o duke_n of_o silesia_n this_o great_a dukedom_n be_v common_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a silesia_n diviâ—â—_n diviâ—â—_n in_o the_o former_a whereof_o be_v contain_v the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o jagerndorf_n troppau_n teschen_n ratibor_n and_o oppelen_n and_o in_o the_o late_a the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkau_n and_o neisse_n brieg_n bresslau_n oelss_o munsterberg_n schweidnitz_n javer_n lignitz_n glogau_n sagan_n and_o crossen_n another_o division_n of_o it_o be_v into_o the_o polish_v and_o german_n silesia_n whereof_o the_o first_o contain_v all_o the_o tract_n of_o land_n beyond_o the_o northern_a bank_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o late_a that_o on_o the_o southern_a all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o bohemia_n there_o be_v vast_o high_a mountain_n which_o separate_v that_o kingdom_n from_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bohemia_n soil_n soil_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v the_o montes_n sudetes_n or_o risen-bergen_a whereof_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a account_n in_o the_o description_n of_o bohemia_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o silesia_n the_o four_o chief_a mountain_n be_v 1._o zottenberg_n or_o zobtenberg_n call_v by_o latin_a author_n mons_fw-la zotensis_n zabothus_n and_o sometime_o silensis_n or_o silentius_n it_o be_v usual_o by_o the_o neighbourhood_n be_v about_o two_o german_a mile_n distant_a from_o schweidnitz_n call_v the_o silesian_n wethercock_n for_o by_o the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n they_o pretend_v to_o guess_v what_o weather_n they_o be_v to_o expect_v the_o next_o morning_n on_o the_o top_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n storm_v and_o demolish_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1471_o because_o it_o have_v be_v for_o several_a year_n the_o harbour_n and_o refuge_n of_o a_o great_a company_n of_o robber_n who_o here_o keep_v their_o rendezvous_n and_o daily_o infest_a the_o vicenage_n out_o of_o this_o hill_n the_o silesian_n dig_v a_o delicate_a dark-green_a marble_n 2._o gratsberg_n or_o grodisberg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n on_o the_o top_n whereof_o duke_n frideric_n the_o first_o build_v a_o fair_a castle_n which_o be_v since_o turn_v into_o a_o watch-tower_n 3._o spitsberg_n another_o beacon-hill_n not_o far_o from_o the_o former_a 4._o georgenberg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n famous_a for_o the_o strigische_n err_v or_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o hard_a earth_n with_o several_a white_a yellow_a and_o red_a stroke_n or_o vein_n in_o it_o it_o be_v first_o discover_v by_o a_o excellent_a chemist_n john_n montanus_n physician_n at_o strigaw_n and_o by_o he_o make_v use_v of_o as_o a_o antidote_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o poison_n and_o a_o sovereign_a medicine_n for_o a_o great_a many_o disease_n which_o he_o cure_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o facility_n the_o secret_a he_o keep_v for_o some_o year_n to_o himself_o but_o at_o last_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o country_n and_o all_o mankind_n publish_v a_o
schweinfurt_n which_o some_o geographer_n bring_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o principality_n schmalcad_n be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o principality_n but_o be_v not_o esteem_v so_o now_o principatus_fw-la hennenbergensis_n comitatus_n wertheimici_n finitimarumqve_fw-la regionum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la exacta_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o wertheim_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o tauber_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o main_a be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n in_o a_o fruitful_a soil_n and_o good_a air_n the_o citizen_n who_o chief_a trade_n be_v in_o make_v wine_n live_v former_o in_o good_a credit_n till_o upon_o some_o disagreement_n between_o they_o and_o their_o earl_n who_o endeavour_v to_o reestablish_v popery_n in_o the_o town_n they_o be_v bring_v to_o so_o great_a poverty_n and_o strait_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o they_o have_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o recruit_v themselves_o to_o this_o day_n however_o they_o still_o stick_v close_o to_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o be_v zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o saint_n luther_n the_o county_n of_o wertheim_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a francia_n orientalis_n as_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n main_a be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wurtzburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o county_n of_o hohenloe_n and_o the_o palatinate_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o silua_fw-la ottonica_fw-la and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o large_a forest_n of_o speshart_n this_o province_n afford_v much_o more_o plenty_n of_o corn_n than_o the_o territory_n about_o francfurt_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o way_n inferior_a to_o those_o for_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o wine_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v here_o good_a store_n of_o meadow_n and_o pasture-ground_n for_o cattle_n which_o bring_v in_o yearly_a as_o great_a revenue_n as_o their_o best_a vineyard_n they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o wild_a fowl_n and_o be_v cloy_v with_o venison_n among_o the_o several_a village_n that_o have_v dependence_n upon_o the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n niclashausen_n niclashausen_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v niclashausen_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n and_o education_n of_o one_o john_n behaim_n who_o be_v burn_v for_o a_o heretic_n at_o wurtzburg_n a._n d._n 1476._o the_o occasion_n whereof_o be_v this_o the_o poor_a boar_n be_v melancholy_a and_o crack-brained_a fancy_v daily_o that_o he_o see_v in_o his_o melancholy_n and_o dumpish_a fit_n strange_a and_o terrible_a apparition_n one_o time_n the_o virgin_n marry_o forsooth_o among_o his_o other_o spiritual_a guest_n give_v he_o a_o visit_n and_o grow_v so_o familiar_a as_o to_o communicate_v to_o he_o several_a deep_a intrigue_n and_o secret_n the_o choice_a whereof_o be_v that_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o burgher_n of_o wertheim_n to_o show_v any_o manner_n of_o respect_n to_o their_o earl_n or_o inferior_a magistrate_n but_o that_o they_o be_v all_o as_o free_v and_o boundless_a as_o the_o river_n that_o water_v their_o country_n this_o be_v a_o plausible_a doctrine_n in_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o commonalty_n and_o need_v but_o little_a divine_a revelation_n to_o authorise_v it_o so_o that_o behaim_n have_v present_o more_o proselyte_n than_o all_o the_o preacher_n in_o the_o country_n and_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n have_v pervert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n have_v he_o not_o early_o be_v overpower_v and_o prevent_v by_o the_o bishop_n force_n erpach_n norimberg_n hanaw_n etc._n etc._n be_v purposely_o omit_v in_o this_o place_n though_o part_n of_o franconia_n as_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o germany_n the_o county_n palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n die_v pfaltz_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a german_a word_n for_o this_o county_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o palatium_n name_n name_n whereof_o palatinus_n be_v only_o a_o adjective_n possessive_a now_o how_o palatium_n shall_v be_v a_o name_n give_v to_o a_o county_n or_o palatinus_n to_o a_o earl_n we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n treat_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a nobility_n in_o the_o general_n description_n of_o germany_n there_o be_v only_o at_o this_o day_n two_o county_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o be_v usual_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o counties_n palatinate_n whereof_o one_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bavaria_n and_o shall_v be_v treat_v of_o elsewhere_o about_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o bound_n bound_n very_o little_a of_o the_o country_n about_o huydelberg_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n but_o most_o of_o the_o city_n in_o this_o neighbourhood_n be_v either_o imperial_a or_o subject_a to_o some_o other_o prince_n than_o the_o count_v palatine_n who_o be_v now_o by_o marriage_n conquest_n or_o purchase_n master_n of_o the_o land_n before_o the_o bohemian_a war_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o frideric_n count_n palatine_n and_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n the_o territory_n and_o revenue_n of_o this_o prince_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o make_v he_o more_o formidable_a than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o elector_n but_o such_o be_v his_o misfortune_n in_o those_o bloody_a engagement_n that_o he_o lose_v both_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n which_o he_o contend_v for_o and_o also_o all_o his_o own_o hereditary_a dignity_n and_o estate_n the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v seize_v on_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o the_o low_a conquer_a and_o subdue_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o late_a count_n charles-ludowic_a son_n to_o the_o unfortunate_a king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v restore_v to_o some_o part_n of_o his_o father_n dominion_n in_o the_o low_a palatinate_n but_o these_o be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n and_o be_v still_o like_a to_o be_v lessen_v by_o the_o daily_a encroachment_n of_o the_o french_a king_n this_o country_n be_v much_o the_o pleasant_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n soil_n soil_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o great_a wonder_n that_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n have_v in_o all_o age_n watch_v a_o opportunity_n of_o get_v it_o into_o their_o clutch_n the_o hill_n be_v cover_v with_o vine_n which_o yield_v that_o rich_a liquor_n know_v all_o europe_n over_o by_o the_o name_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n the_o plain_n and_o valley_n afford_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o fruit_n and_o the_o forest_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o deer_n and_o other_o game_n the_o rhine_n pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o county_n give_v a_o fair_a advantage_n of_o export_v the_o commodity_n of_o this_o and_o import_v those_o of_o foreign_a nation_n the_o river_n rhine_n and_o neccar_n have_v store_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hill_n want_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n that_o part_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v first_o conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o french_a of_o who_o kingdom_n it_o be_v a_o part_n but_o more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o moselle_n afterward_o when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lorraine_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v betwixt_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n this_o territory_n become_v a_o share_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n but_o be_v still_o possess_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o moselle_n as_o before_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o that_o family_n it_o fall_v under_o the_o more_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o for_o many_o good_a office_n do_v they_o be_v please_v to_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o elector_n palatine_a by_o the_o same_o mean_n they_o become_v master_n of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o country_n on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o extirpation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o schwaben_n the_o present_a elector_n palatine_n be_v count_n charles_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o who_o be_v bear_v on_o the_o last_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1651_o and_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o electorate_v upon_o the_o late_a death_n of_o his_o father_n charles-ludowic_a a._n d._n 1680._o he_o be_v a_o pious_a and_o learned_a prince_n and_o tread_v much_o in_o the_o step_n of_o his_o father_n who_o possible_o be_v consider_v the_o trouble_n he_o have_v undergo_v as_o learned_a a_o prince_n as_o europe_n afford_v in_o his_o time_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n ancestor_n be_v say_v to_o have_v amount_v to_o 100000_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a nor_o can_v we_o well_o imagine_v they_o to_o have_v be_v less_o when_o only_o the_o silver_n mine_n about_o amberg_n in_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n yield_v 60000_o crown_n a_o year_n and_o the_o passage_n over_o one_o bridge_n across_o the_o rhine_n bring_v in_o 20000_o more_o to_o which_o if_o