Moors That the Pope without the King's Consent should not in his Dominions dispose of Bishopricks Masterships of Military Orders the Grand Priorship of S. John or other considerable Benefices Count Henry was well receiv'd and entertain'd in France by the Count de Faux yet not without Apprehensions of the English Thence he went to Villeneufe near Avignon where Luis the King of France's Brother lent him Mony and advis'd him to send an Embasly to the King begging his Assistance for recovering of Castile That King easily condescended to favour him in Hatred to the English and King Peter He gave him the Castle of Perapertuse on the Borders of Russillon for his Wife and Children who were fled from Aragon to live in and the Earldom of Sesene to subsist on till he receiv'd the Crown Many Prisoners who were ransom'd and had been protected by the English came daily to him Among them was Bernal Son the Earl of Faux whom afterwards King Henry created Earl of Medina Celi he marry'd the Lady Elizabeth de la Cerda Daughter to Luis and Grandchild to D. Alonso de la Cerda from whom King Sancho usurp'd the Crown from them the present Dukes of Mc-dina Celi are Lineally descended It happen'd well for Count Henry that the Prince of Wales return'd to Guienne much offended at King Peter for that he neither gave him the Lordship of Biscay as had been agreed nor pay'd him the Money lent or the Army their Arrears Besides in Castile many great Men declar'd for him as did the Provinces of Guipuscoa and Biscay and the Towns of Segovia Avila Palencia Sulamanca Valladolid and others in the Kingdom of Toledo Henry having gather'd an Army enter'd Aragon at the Pass of the Pyreneans call'd Valdeandorra and march'd with such swiftness that he was in Castile before the Aragonian could stop him tho he endeavour'd it On the Banks of Ebro he ask'd whether that were the Dominion of Castile and being told it was that a solemn Oath never more to go out of Castile but rather to die Then he mov'd to Calahorra the first City of Castile and was receiv'd there with great Joy From Calahorra he went to Burgos where the Bishop Clergy and Townsmen met him in Procession He releas'd D. Philip de Castro a Nobleman of Aragon marry'd to his Sister Joanna who was Prisoner in the Castle and put into his place D. Jayme King of Naples and Son to him of Majorca left there with the Governour Alonso Fernandez by King Peter Many other places follow'd the example of Burgos and Henry march'd to Leon which was surrender'd to him upon the last Day of April 1368. In Toledo some were for Henry but the greater part for King Peter In the City was a good Garrison of Crossbow-Men and 600 Men at Arms under the command of the Governour Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo Henry's Army consisted of 1000 Men at Arms and a great number of Foot He laid Siege to Toledo believing nothing would withstand him that City once taken He incamped on the Plain that lies on the North Side and secur'd the Passes beyond the River Tagus which encompasses the City on three sides To secure the communication he built a Wooden-Bridge which prov'd very useful The Townsmen held out couragiously dreading King Peter who had carry'd away the principal Men as Hostages Cordova had now rebell'd and King Peter ask'd Aid of the King of Granada to besiege it Mahomet sent a good body of Horse with whom and his own Forces he laid Siege to that City and press'd it so hard that the Moors scal'd the Walls and took the old Palace but the Citizens dreading the King if the Town were taken fought so desperately they again drove out the Moors killing many the very Women assisting the Men. The two Kings despairing of Success rais'd the Siege King Peter went to Sevil to provide for the War meeting with greater difficulties than he had imagin'd The King of Granada plunder'd Jaen and Vbeda which were in Rebellion he also wasted all the Country of Andaluzia carrying away a vast multitude of Captives in so much that it is said above 11000 Souls were taken in only the Town of Vtrera King Peter in cave for the City Toledo resolv'd with what Forces he had to give the Enemy Battel the People of Sevil advis'd him to stay till his Army was recruited and his Friends could joyn him but he was running to his Ruin at this Conjuncture another misfortune befel him which was that Vitoria Salvatierra and Logron̄o that had adher'd to him were taken by the King of Navarre being assisted by D. Tello who tho an Enemy to King Peter was at variance with his Brother Henry and therefore kept in Biscay The Siege of Toledo continu'd and the Citizens being divided the Faction that was for Henry attempted to secure a Tower opposite to the Camp and being disappointed thought to give the Enemy entrance over S. Martins Bridge the other Party having Notice of it they came to Blows and many Townsmen were kill'd King Peter hearing of these Tumults made the more hast to relieve the City His Sons Sancho and James with all his Treasure he put into Carmona a strong Town near Sevil. Then gathering his Army he prepar'd to march to Toledo He had 3000 Horse but half of them were Moors and therefore no great Confidence was repos'd in them At the time of his departure he is said to have consulted a Moor call'd Benagarin who foretold his death out of Merlin's Prophecy but these Prophecies always come to light after the Event King Peter march'd to Montiel a strong Town in that part of Spain call'd La Mancha Henry being inform'd of his approach left Gomez Manrique Arch-Bishop of Toledo to continue the Siege and march'd away in hast to meet King Peter without expecting the Foot At Orgaz five Leagues from Toledo Bertran Claquin joyn'd him with 600 Foreign Horse a considerable reinforcement they being old try'd Soldiers Several Noblemen came thither to him With this Body Henry march'd all Night and at break of Day discover'd the Enemy who knew not that they were remov'd from Toledo This caus'd a great Consternation among them but the Officers gather'd their Men who were dispersed in the Villages about Montiel and at Sun-rising both parties form'd their Battels and encourag'd their Soldiers The first Onset was furious but King Peter's Moors betaking themselves to flight the Castilians could not stand it long but retir'd with King Peter into the Castle of Montiel Many of the Moors were kill'd of the Christians only one Gentleman This Battel was fought on Wednesday to 14th of March 1369. Henry perceiving King Peter had shut himself into the Town immediately encompass'd it with a dry Wall of Stone without Mortar that he might not escape Want pinch'd the besieged and the King began to study how to make his escape Men Roriguez de Sanabria a very Loyal Gentleman of
enterment of his Father being then Sick at Girona nor attend the Government then in Confusion the Queen Dowager her Brother and many Men of Note being imprison'd they endeavour'd to fly for fear of the new King The Queen was accus'd by a Jew of having given her Husband some bewitching Potion severals were tortur'd and put to death on this account and the Queen condemn'd to the Wrack but it was not put in Execution yet all her Estate was seiz'd and she only allow'd a Pension to live on The first thing the King did was the submitting his Kingdom to Pope Clement as Castile and Navarre had done before John Earl of Ampurias being at Barcelona in Hopes to be rewarded for his Services to the new King while Prince was cast into Prison upon Pretence that he had call'd in the French to recover his Estate D. Ximeno Peres de Arenos the King's Lord Chamberlain was sent to compose the Affairs of Sardinia He agreed with the Lady Ellenor Arborea in behalf of her Son Marianus whom she had by her Husband Brancaleon Doria That the Judicature of Arborea should remain to them and their Heirs That for other Towns they pretended Right to they should be left to Arbitration That all Places taken during the War should be restor'd Both Parties having Sign'd these Articles the War ceas'd CHAP. VII Peace Concluded with the English The Heir of Castile in imitation of the Prince of Wales in England is created Prince of Asturias A Truce with Portugal and the Moors King John of Castile kill'd by a fall from his Horse THE Treaty of Peace with the English was still afoot and yet the War was vigorously Prosecuted 600 English Horse and as many Archers for the rest were consum'd with Sickness sat down before Benavente whith them 2000 Portuguese Horse and 6000 Foot Alvaro Osoiro the Governour defended the Place bravely and did the Enemy some Harm The King of Castile was unwilling to hazard a Battel which gave the Enemy the Opportunity of taking some Towns in that Neighbourhood Yet their Loss was greater than the Advantage they could propose to themselves for the Flague rag'd among the Foreigners and Famine consum'd them all Therefore after two Months spent in the Siege they return'd into Portugal The Treaty of Peace drew near to a Conclusion therefore the King of Castile sent back the Succours that came to him from France He also sent Embassadors to the Duke of Lancaster with Power to conclude The Duke was at Trancoso a Town in Portugal there he receiv'd the Embassadors The Articles agreed upon were That the King's Son and Duke's Daughter should immediately be contracted That the Bride by way of Joynture should have Soria Atiença Almaçan and Molina That the Dutchess her Mother should have Gaudalajara Medina del Campo and Olmedo That the Duke should have 600000 Florines paid him at certain times appointed and 40000 yearly during his Life and the Life of his Wife Constance These are the Heads of that Agreement The King of Portugal storm'd not thinking himself secure as long as he of Castile reign'd On the other side the Duke complain'd that the King had consummated the Marriage with his Daughter before the dispensation came and therefore from Porto sail'd directly for Bayonne in France Upon his Departure the Towns in Galicia that held for the English submitted to their King as did the Gentry that sided with them having obtain'd Pardon The King of Castile commonly resided at Salamanca or Toro to be at Hand upon all Occasions He sent Embassadors to Bayonne to ratify what had been concluded The greatest Difficulty lay in raising the Mony to pay the Duke of Lancaster To this intent the Cortes met at Briviesca about the beginning of the Year 1388. To oblige his Subjects the King granted all their Requests It was design'd to lay the Tax upon Estates without exempting the Nobility or Clergy but the great Ones opposing it as a Breach of Privilege other Methods were found out After the Cortes broke up the Kings of Castile and Navarre met first at Calahorra then at Navarrets where they renew'd their antient Friendship Queen Ellenor bore her Husband company and with his Consent stay'd in Castile to try whether her Country Air could cure her as she pretended but in reality to be parted from him as afterwards appear'd After this interview the King of Castile appointed the City of Palencia for the Cortes to meet because the Plague was still at Burgos Here his Son was with great Pomp marry'd to the Duke of Lancaster's Daughter Their Ages were not answerable the Prince being but 10 Years of Age the Lady Catharine 19. The eldest Sons of the Kings of England are call'd Princes of Wales In imitation of them the King of Castile created his Son Prince of Asturias and gave him the Lordships of Bijar and Andujar which Custom has continu'd to our Days and so we shall hereafter call the Heir of the Crown The chief Thing done at the Cortes was setling how the Mony for the Duke of Lancaster should be rais'd That done and Peace concluded Constance the Dutchess King Peter's Daughter laying aside the Title of Queen came in August to Medina del Campo to see the King who entertain'd her nobly and gave her the City Huete Betwixt the King and the Duke rich Presents pass'd particularly the Duke sent the King a very curious Crown of Gold The Dutchess went to Guadalajara and took Possession of that Place about the beginning of the Year 1389 The King stay'd at Madrid thither came Embassadors to him from the Duke of Lancaster desiring they might meet on the Borders of Guienne and Biscay He set out in order to it but fell sick by the Way at Burgos yet went on as far as Victoria where he took leave of the Dutchess sending some Persons of Note to bear her Company and excuse him to her Husband on account of his Indisposition In reality he fear'd meeting the Duke left he should endeavour to take him off from siding with the French and he was unwilling to disoblige the Duke or break with France The Duke thus disappointed communicated his Design to the Embassadors who answer'd they had no Orders about that Affair and so return'd to Victoria On the 13th of March as they were digging a Foundation in some part of the Church of S. Engracia at Zaragoça they found two Tombs with Inscriptions the one of S. Engracia the other of S. Lupercius Among the Articles made with the English there was one that any of the Allyes of either part should be admitted into that Treaty The Cortes of Castile met at Segovia and sent Embassadors to Portugal to try whether that King would come into the League He puss'd up with Success had resolv'd to continue the War and invade Galicia yet by the Industry of F. Ferdinand de Illescas one of the Embassadors he agreed to a Truce for
Queen Mother joyns them the King gets the better and Executes many of them p. 272 The Seventeenth BOOK Chap. I. THE beginning of the War in Aragon many Rebellious Nobles in Castile put to Death The War betwixt Castile and Aragon carry'd on by Sea and Land p. 275 Chap. II. The Kings of Castile and Aragon both call the Moors to their assistance The War is carry'd on vigorously on both sides The Castilians treacherous to their King He punishes many of them The Computation of Time in Aragon altered p. 277 Chap. III. The Death of Queen Blanch and D. Maria de Padilla Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon The War with the Moors and Death of their King The King of Aragon 's Daughter Marry'd to the King of Sicily p. 278 Chap. IV. Castile and Navarre joyn in League The War is carry'd on successfully against Aragon by King Peter of Castile who declares the Lady Mary de Padilla to have been his lawful Wife The Death of John King of France and Constance Queen of Aragon p. 281 Chap. V. Count Henry Proclaim'd King of Castile King Peter expell'd the Kingdom Refus'd Entertainment in Portugal gathers a Fleet in Galicia and flyes into France to the Protection of the English p. 282 Chap. VI. The War betwixt France Navarre and Aragon King Peter of Castile supported by the English in France is brought into Spain by the Prince of Wales with an Army Overthrows Henry the Vsurper and recovers his Kingdom p. 284 Chap. VII King Peter Excommunicated and Absolv'd Count Henry returns into Spain is again receiv'd by many Places Toledo opposes him and is Besieg'd King Peter comes to its relief is overthrown betray'd to and murder'd by Henry the Bastard p. 286 Chap. VIII Several Foreign Princes pretenders to the Crown of Castile War with Aragon Portugal and Granada Affairs of Aragon Sardinia and Navarre The League betwixt Portugal and Aragon p. 288 Chap. IX The Siege of Carmona The King of Portugal Marries the Lady Ellenor de Meneses Peace betwixt Castile Portugal and Navarre p. 289 Chap. X. Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Aragon Several Matches of Princes French and Spaniards Besiege Bayonne in vain The Papal Chair restored to Rome Death of Frederick King of Sicily p. 292 The Eighteenth BOOK Chap. I. THE Wars of Navarre Matches of some of King Henry 's Children The Schism in the Church caused by the Election of the two Popes Urban and Clement The Death of the King of Castile and of Mahomet the Moorish King of Granada p. 294 Chap. II. King John succeeds his Father in the Throne of Castile Charles King of France dies Charles VI. succeeds him Pope Clement own'd in Spain thro' the French Interest p. 296. Chap. III. Charles Duke of Durazzo Crown'd King of Naples The War with Portugal Peace concluded The King of Portugal dies Actions of the Aragonians and Catalonians in Greece and of the former in Sardinia p. 297 Chap. IV. Portugal full of Divisions about the Succession to the Crown King John of Castile having been Proclaim'd at Lisbon enters that Kingdom has many places deliver'd to him Besieges Lisbon but is forced to raise the Siege and return to Castile p. 299 Chap. V. John the Bastard Master of Avis Proclaim'd King of Portugal King John of Castile sends his Fleet then enters Portugal himself with an Army The famous Battle of Aljubarrota and rout of the Castilians p. 301 Chap. VI. The Portugueses make an Inroad into Castile and defeat a Body of Castilians The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corun̄a and takes several Towns The Death of the Kings of Naples Aragon and Navarre p. 303 Chap. VII Peace concluded with the English The Heir of Castile in imitation of the Prince of Wales in England is created Prince of Asturias A Truce with Portugal and the Moors King John of Castile kill'd by a Fall from his Horse p. 304 Chap. VIII John King of Aragon upon complaint of his Subjects complies with their demands Irruptions of the French into Aragon Henry III. Proclaim'd King of Castile The Form of Government appointed there during his Minority p. 307 Chap. IX The Contentions betwixt the Nobility of Castile about the Government They agree on a Settlement then alter it The Affairs of the Moors at Granada War renew'd with Portugal King Charles VI. of France runs distracted p. 308 Chap. X. The Divisions among the Nobility of Castile continue A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal for 15 Years The Nobility at length pacify'd Sicily brought under the Aragonian Yoke p. 310 The Nineteenth BOOK Chap. I. KIng Henry takes upon him the Government The Cortes at Madrid Discontents among the Nobility The Death of the Master of Alcantara The Biscainers invade the Canary-Islands The Plague at Madrid p. 313 Chap. II. Another Rebellion in Castile quell'd by the King Pope Clement dies and Benedict XIII is Elected which continues the Schism The strange Death of John King of Aragon p. 315 Chap. III. The Queen of Navarre returns to her Husband The Earl of Faux invades Aragon The War betwixt Castile and Portugal renew'd Joseph King of Granada dies Mahomet his second Son Vsurps The Turks come over into Europe p. 317 Chap. IV. Two Franciscans Preaching to the Moors of Granada suffer Martyrdom The Truce with Portugal renew'd Two great Plagues in Spain and France The Year of Jubilee 1400. p. 319 Chap. V. The Death of the Queen of Sicily Of Tamerlan and Bajazet Pope Benedict again receiv'd in Castile The King of Castile has a Son born Pope Boniface dies Innocent VIII chosen at Rome p. 321 Chap. VI. Great Tumults in Aragon appeas'd by the Cortes A Battle betwixt the Castilians and the Moors The Cortes of Castile meet at Toledo and King Henry dies there A Notable Action of his p. 322 Chap. VII The Crown offer'd to Prince Ferdinand be refuses it John II. Proclaim'd King of Castile The Death of the Queen of Aragon The War of Granada Several Places taken by the Christians who also obtain a Victory at Sea p. 324 Chap. VIII The Murder of the Duke of Orleans by him of Burgundy The War carry'd on with the Moors and a Truce concluded Original of D. Alvaro de Luna Continuation of the Schism p. 326 Chap. IX The Death of Martin King of Sicily Several Pretenders to the Crown of Aragon Their several Claims Martin King of Aragon prefers that of his Nephew Prince Ferdinand of Castile tho' unjust p. 328 Chap. X. The Moors having done much harm in the Christian Territories Prince Ferdinand marches against them defeats them and takes Antequera and other Places Martin King of Aragon dies A Love Adventure p. 329 The Twentieth BOOK Chap. I. THE State of Christendom Nine Judges appointed in Aragon to decide the dispute about the Succession Arguments us'd by each of the Candidates The Government of King John of Portugal p. 332 Chap. II. Ferdinand Prince of Castile declar'd King of Aragon by the Judges and afterwards Proclaim'd at
that Place for Bertran Claquin and took the King as he was Hunting From Burgos Henry set out with a great Number of Foot and 4500 Horse compos'd of all the Gentry of Castile with the French and Aragonians that came to his Assistance At the Wood of BanÌ„ares he held a Council of War The French Embassadors and Bertran Claquin were against Fighting and gave several Reasons for this their Opinion Others more hot would not hear of Delays The worst Advice was taken and the Army march'd towards Alava to oppose some Parties of Horse that spoil'd that Country Near Saldrian they encamp'd in Sight of the Enemy upon an Advantagious Ground the Rear cloas'd up with Mountains The English perceiving that Advantage march'd away towards LogronÌ„o which was for King Peter resolving to draw the Enemy to a Battle or else to pierce into the Heart of the Kingdom Henry understanding their Design mov'd backwards towards Najara made famous by the Battle fought there Some Letters pass'd betwixt the Princes but the Difference being a Crown it was impossible to reconcile them and therefore they order'd their Battles On the right Henry plac'd the French and his Brother Sancho with most of the Nobility of Castile on the left his Brother D. Tello and the Earl of Denia He and his Son D. Alonso commanded the main Body On the Enemies side who consisted of about 10000 Horse and as many Foot the Duke of Lancaster led the Van with Hugo Carbolaye who was gone over to the English the Count de Armagnac and Monsieur de la Brie commanded in the Body the Rear was brought up by King Peter the Prince of Wales and Jayme Son to the King of Majorca who after he escap'd out of Prison had marry'd Joanna Queen of Naples Charles King of Navarre sent 300 Horse under Martin Enrique to serve King Peter Henry had pass'd a River that ran between the two Armies and drawn up his beyond it Here both Armies met with great Fury The Right of Henry's Army where Claquin commanded stood firm and seem'd to have the better but D. Tello on the Left fled without so much as giving a Charge Thus Bertran and D. Sancho being encompass'd on all Sides were easily Overthrown with a great Slaughter of the Nobility and Commanders Henry did all that could be expected to stop and rally his Man but seeing all lost fled to Najara and thence into Aragon with a few Men of Note that follow'd him He made no stay fearing that King but went quite through into France His Army was so dispersed that no one Body was to be found in any Place After the Fight King Peter put to Death some of the Prisoners others were protected by the English and the Prince of Wales is say'd to have blam'd him for that Severity Peter Lopez de Ayala who writ the History of King Peter was one of the Prisoners and therefore deserves little Credit having writ Maliciously as being Attainted of Treason at Alfaro This Battle was fought upon a Saturday being the 3d of April 1367. D. Tello carry'd the News of the defeat to Burgos and the Lady Joanna Wife to Henry with the Archbishops of Toledo and Zaragoça fearing King Peter fled to Aragon where they were not well receiv'd for that King was resolv'd to side with the Conqueror To that purpose Hugo Carbolaye was already in Aragon and because it requir'd more time to settle a Peace a Truce was for the present concluded King Peter with all his Army march'd to Burgos where he apprehended the Arch-bishop of Braga for sâ—ding with his Enemy and put him into a Dungeon The King was perplex'd about performing what he had Covenanted It was hard to deliver up Biscay to the Prince of Wales because that People would never condescend to be Subject to a Stranger and it was no less difficult to raise so great a Sum of Mony as was due to the English In order to raise the Mony he went to Toledo and thence to Cordova where he caus'd 16 Men of Note to be Executed for admitting his Enemy Others were executed at Sevil. Among them Da. Vrraca de Osorio was Burnt and a Maid of hers is said to have cast her self voluntarily into the Fire The King of Navarre after the Fight came from Borgia where he had been Prisoner to Tudela and kept Mossen Oliver Prisoner till he deliver'd him his Son Prince Peter left as a Hostage for Performance of what was agreed betwixt them This same Year on the 24th of August dy'd the Cardinal D. Giles de Albornoz a Man of great Parts and much in Favour with 3 Popes He recover'd the Patrimony of the Church from those that had usurp'd it and by that means made way for the Popes to return to Rome His Body was deposited at Assis and thence translated to the Cathedral of Toledo The Pope granting Indulgence to such as should carry him upon their Shoulders People came flocking out of the Towns that lay in the way and in that manner he was carry'd to Toledo CHAP. VII King Peter Excommunicated and Absolv'd Count Henry returns into Spain is again receiv'd by many Places Toledo opposes him and is Besieg'd King Peter comes to its Relief is overthrown betray'd to and Murder'd by Henry the Bastard THE Author we have above spoken of who calls himself Q. Ellenor's Caterer make smention of the Master of S. Bernard taken in the Battle of Najara and put to Death by King Peter No other Historian mentions it nor have we any the least Memory remaining of such a Dignity This Master must needs have been a Churchman for on his Account King Peter was Excommunicated Pope Vrban the Vth because the King had killed that Master and bannish'd the Bishops of Culahorra and Lugo sent an Archdeacon to notify the Sentence of Excommunication to him This Archdeacon fearing to trust to the Mercy of King Peter came up the River to Sevil in a swift Galliot and waited there till the King coming that way he asked if he would hear some News from the Levant The King drawing near to hearken to him he pronounc'd the Sentence of Excommunication and immediately fled down the River The King in a Rage spurred his Horse into the River and went so far he had been drown'd had not a Boat brought him off He vow'd to be revenged of the Pope and immediately gave orders for fitting out a great Fleet and raising a powerful Army The Pope dreading the Anger of King Peter sent the Cardinal of S. Peter his Nephew to appease and absolve him They were reconcil'd by the Legate upon these Conditions That the Dignity of Master of S. Bernard being extinct all the Towns belonging to it should as before be call'd Behetrias and be annex'd to the Crown so as never to be alienated That the 3d part of Ecclesiastical Revenues then pay'd to the Pope should be given to the King towards the Charges of the War with the
She now dy'd of Grief because he refus'd her Her Body was bury'd among the Kings at S. Denis The King her Husband made himself odious by persecuting the Kindred of those who had been against him Aragon besides the Wars this Year suffer'd by Famine which was somewhat abated by bringing Corn from Africk and did some good by forcing the Enemy to depart the Kingdom Jayme King of Naples who marched into Castile with his Army to look for Provisions dy'd there at the beginning of the Year 1375. His Sister Elizabeth who was with him led the Army back into France there she resign'd all her Claims against the House of Aragon to Luis the King of France his Brother which caus'd new Troubles Now the Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon was concluded on the 12th of April the Conditions were That the Lady Ellenor before promis'd to Prince John should be marry'd to him her Dower 200000 Florins lent by the Araganian to King Henry at the beginning of the Civil Wars That Molina should be restored to Castile and That the Aragonian should pay 12000 Florins towards the Charge of the War This Agreement was celebrated with great Joy in both Kingdoms This Year was Fortunate to all Christendom as well as Spain because Pope Gregory the XIth return'd to Rome after the Popes his Predecessors had resided 70 Years at Avignon Bertran Claquin having for his good Service got the Earldom of Longueville in France ◠sold his Lands in Spain to King Henry for 260000 Doubles At Soria on the 27th of May Prince Charles of Navarre marry'd Ellenor King Henry's Daughter and on the 19th of June Prince John his Son took to Wife Ellenor Daughter to the King of Aragon News was now brought that D. Ferdinand de Castro who the last Year fled to Portugal was dead in England Also that Ferdinand de Tovar Admiral of Castile had done much harm along the Coasts of that Island From Soria King Henry went to Burgos He design'd to assist the French with all his Power against the English His Son Alonso Earl of Gijon to avoid marrying Elizabeth Daughter to the King of Portugal fled into France but was soon brought back by his Father At the end of this Year dy'd D. Gomez Manrique Arch-bishop of Toledo The Chapter having chosen two to succeed him the Decision of the Controversy was left to the Pope who allow'd of neither of them but gave that Dignity to Peter Tenorio then Bishop of Coimbra About this time dy'd some Men of Note of Navarre Particularly D. Roderick Vrriz a Man of a great Estate and Interest was by the King's Command apprehended and Beheaded in Pamplona at the latter end of March 1376. Some private Correspondence he held with the King of Castile was the cause of his Death It was Reported he intended to betray the Castles of Tudela and Caparroso but it is not likely they should so soon design to disturb the Peace D. Bernard Folcaut Bishop of Pamplona dy'd on the 7th of July in Banishment at Agnani in Italy D. Martin Calva a most learned Man was chosen to succeed him Frederick King of Sicily departed this Life at Messina on the 26th of July His Daughter the Lady Mary was left sole Heiress of that Kingdom and the Dutchies of Athens and Neopatria which produc'd Differences betwixt several Princes aspiring to marry her This also administred to the Aragonians a fair Opportunity of enlarging their Dominions The End of the Seventeenth Book THE History of SPAIN The Eighteenth BOOK CHAP. I. The Wars of Navarre Matches of some of King Henry's Children The Schism in the Church caus'd by the Election of the Two Popes Urban and Clement The death of King Henry of Castile and of Mahomet the Moorish King of Granada SPAIN now enjoy'd a perfect Peace all its Kings being Ally'd by Marriages and grown weary of the long Wars With the Moors there was a Truce The Duke of Lancaster ingag'd in the Wars of France could not apply himself to the Conquest of Castile King Henry having thus put an End to all the Wars apply'd himself to the Civil Government and reformation of many Abuses crept in by the liberty of the Times Only Aragon was under the Apprehensions of a War for Luis Duke of Anjou to whom Jayme Prince of Majorca had made over his Title to that Kingdom began now to set up his Pretensions The King of Aragon assembled the Cortes at Monçon where new Impositions were laid upon the Jews and Moors only for none would be allow'd upon the Christians yet they offer'd to defend the Country at their own Charge Great Preparations were made for that War It is reported that 40 Galleys were fitted out on the Coast of France and 4000 Men at Arms gather'd and it was fear'd in Aragon that peace being concluded with the English as was expected the Pope interposing all the Power of France would fall upon that Kingdom Besides a Matter of small Moment had like to have produc'd another War D. John Ramirez de Arellano returning from Rome through Aragon at Barcelona was challeng'd and call'd Traitor in the King's presence by the Viscount de Rota for that he had entic'd D. Jayme Prince of Majorca to invade Aragon The Challenge was accepted and the time fix'd for fighting 90 Days after King Henry labour'd to prevent the Combat but the King of Aragon favouring the Viscount they could not agree The King of Castile hereupon said They should Fight but he would send 3000 Horse to see Justice done which was as good as declaring War This mov'd the Aragonian to desist A Treaty of Peace was set afoot at Bruges in Flanders first and in the Year 1377 at Bologne in Picardy betwixt the English and French the Embassadors of Castile being present in Order to have their King Comprehended but nothing was concluded The Death of the Prince of Wales and his Father King Edward the IIId broke all their Measures Richard the King's Grandchild and Son to the Black Prince succeeded King Edward The Duke of Burgundy after the Treaty broke up came into Spain to pay a Vow he had made to visit the Body of the Apostle S. James in Galicia In his return Home he was nobly entertain'd by King Henry at Segovia The rest of the Summer the King spent at Leon and the Winter at Sevil. All the Warlike Preparations made in France fell upon the King of Navarre's Dominions Charles Peter and Mary Princes of Navarre were in France With Charles went Baldwin who was Governour of several strong holds in Normandy and Jaques de la Rue his Favourite who had Orders to propose to the English that the King would make War upon France if they would give him the Dutchy of Guienne to be held in Feof of them The French having intelligence of this Design secur'd Rue put him to the rack and he confessing was executed at Paris Baldwin was commanded to deliver up
descent was from King Alonso IVth who was his great Grandfather his Son Jayms being Father to Peter and Grandfather to the present Earl Besides he had to Wife King Martin's Sisters the Daughter of King Peter by Queen Sibila D. Alonso de Aragon Marques de Villena the Earl of Deniâ— had also a Title to the Crown but it was farther remov'd yet at the perswasion of his Friends tho very Old he set up his Title among the rest as being lineally descended from Jayme the IId King of Aragon The King of Aragon gave Audience to the French Bishop harkened to his Demands and the Reasons on which he grounded his Claim After that was over retiring to his Apartment those that were about him continu'd the Discourse and at length came to argue the Case in Form before the King William de Moncada pleaded for the Duke of Anjou whose doubtless the Right was as may appear by his Descent set down before Bernard de Centellas argu'd for the Earl of Orâ—el and Bernard Villalice for the Marques de Villena who was the remotest When they had all done the King have his Opinion which agreed with none of theirs for he positively affirm'd Prince Ferdinand of Castile had the best Title as being his Nephew the Son of his own Sister Ellenor In reality he was himself but an Usurper the Duke of Anjon having a better Right than he but he resolv'd to cut him off and continue the Crown in his own Family This Discourse of the King 's being made publick first at Barcelona where it was spoken and afterwards through all Christendom much advanc'd Prince Ferdinand his Pretension and avail'd him to be preferr'd before his Competitors This was the common Discourse of the Town and even in the King's Presence â—â— which he seem'd to be pleas'd yet in his Heart he was more inclined to his Grandson 〈◊〉 Bastard Son to the late King of Sicily whom he had already created Earl of Luna and in order to make him capable of inheriting the Crown treated with Pope Benedict about his Legitimation If this succeeded not he preferr'd his Nephew Prince Ferdinand before all others his Valour and Virtue and his despising the Crown of Castile having render'd him worthy of another Kingdom Nevertheless upon the pressing Instances of the Earl of Vrgel the King constituted him Vicar and Governour of the Kingdom an Honour usually given to the Heir of the Crown and might have been very prejudicial to the other pretenders had he not underhand given orders to the Vrreas and Herias two powerful Families in Zaragoca not to admit him into that City or suffer him to exercise that Office notwithstanding his Letters Patents This doublâ— dealing highly offended the Earl of Vrgel and was the Cause of great Troubles CHAP. X. The Moors having done maâ—â—h harm in the Christian Territories Prince Ferdinand marches against them defeats them and takes Antequera and other Places Martin King of Aragon dies A Love-Adventure THE Truce with the Moors was now expir'd and their Boldness provok'd and oblig'd the Christians to renew the War for they 〈◊〉 the Town of Zahara ravag'd all the Country and drove the Cattle To put a stop to their Fury and revenge the Wrongs receiv'd Prince Ferdinand having made the necessary Provision of Men Mony Ammunition and Victuals in the Month of February of the Year 1410 march'd with his Army towards Cordova at such time as the Infidels being disappointed of taking the Castle of Zahara abandon'd the Town and our Forces speedily repair'd the Walls and put the Place into a Posture of Defence Prince Ferdinand's Army consisted of 10000 Foot and 3500 Horse the very Flower of the Castillian Forces all brave and resolute Souldiers With him were Sancho de Rojas Bishop of Palencia Alvaro de Guzman John de Mendoça John de Velasco D. Ruy Lopez Davalas and other Towns and Men of Quality With these Forces the Prince sat down before the City Antquera on the 〈…〉 till he had made himself Master of that 〈…〉 sent 5000 Horse and 80000 Foot 〈…〉 They march'd up to the City and 〈…〉 they rang'd their Battles and engag'd The 〈…〉 5000 of 'em kill'd in the fight and pursuit 〈…〉 and their Camp plunder'd This Victory was so 〈…〉 the more Remarkable 〈…〉 of the Christians only 120 were lost Prince Ferdinand 〈…〉 thanks to Almighty God 〈…〉 great Success and sent Expresses to convey the good News to 〈…〉 The more 〈…〉 the Besieged he caus'd a deep and large Trench to be 〈…〉 with a good Breast work and Forts at convenient Distances to hinder the 〈…〉 and all manner of Provision or Relief from coming to them This 〈…〉 necessary his Forces at that time being weak because several parties were abroad by 〈◊〉 order plundring and destroying all the Country which was done 〈…〉 to the Walls of Malaga Great harm was done but the Terror spread abroad was much greater The Moorish King commanded all that were of Age without exceptions 〈…〉 and appear in Arms by which means he gather'd a 〈◊〉 Multitude 〈…〉 not to hazard another Battle and only shew'd himself to terrify the Christians 〈…〉 kept on the Hills and in the Woods The besieged began to be strenghten'd 〈…〉 most perplext them was that they had no hopes of Relief It was as bad as Death to surrender and they had no means to hold out It happen'd 300 Horse of the Garrison or Jaen made an Incursion into the Territories of the Moors 〈…〉 orderly that they were surpriz'd and all cut off This small Success encourag'd the besieged to hope that some Misfortune might befall the Besiegers Whilst these things were acting at 〈…〉 the new Pope dy'd at Bolonia on the 3d of May. His Body was bury'd in the Church 〈…〉 of that City The Cardinals of his party met and on the 〈…〉 Month Cota Deacon-Cardinal born at Naples who was then Legate 〈…〉 himself in his Papacy John the XXIIId He was bold subtle 〈…〉 made of good or bad Practices as the occasion requir'd or was 〈…〉 Purpose 〈…〉 happier in the time of his Predecessor when he govern'd all things than in his own being cast down and depriv'd of the Tiara Soon after follow'd the Death of the King of Aragon who dy'd of a stoppage in his Head on the last of May at Valdoncellas a Monastery of Nuns adjoyning to the Walls of 〈…〉 His Body was 〈◊〉 at Poplete with very little Pomp the People being affirmed at their present Loss and apprehenstâ—â— or what was like to follow The Cortes of that Principality were 〈…〉 not without some 〈…〉 of Troubles likely to break out 〈…〉 that all the States should depute certain Persons of Note to 〈…〉 King in his 〈◊〉 and intreat him that to prevent Disorders he would appoint who was to succeed him This was accordingly put in Execution and by consent of all the Deputies Fâ—rrer head of the Council of that City was appointed
King of Granada dies Mahomet succeeds him AT Toledo whither the King of Castile went as soon as the Cortes broke up the form of Government was alter'd the Town being before divided into Factions and subject to Mutinies It was the Custom every two Years to choose 6 Officers somewhat in the nature of Aldermen 3 of the Commonalty and 3 of the Gentry These with the two Alcaides who are not unlike to our Sheriffs and the chief Alguazil made up a Court or Council and govern'd all the Affairs of the City All Men were free to come to their Consults and Vote with them which occasion'd Disorders The King regulated this Affair and order'd as King Alonso had before done at Burgos that there should be 16 Regidores or Aldermen chosen half of the Gentry and half of the Commonalty who were to continue for Life and the most Votes among them should take place When any of these dy'd the King was to name another This caus'd another inconveniency for those Places were expos'd to sale At Pamplona the Government of that Place which was divided betwixt three Governours was afterwards also reform'd One of these Governours had charge of the Suburbs another of the City and the third of a certain Quarter call'd Navarreria which often caus'd Disputes about the extent of their Jurisdiction King Charles ordained there should be but one Governour and with him 10 Aldermen who should have the whole Power in their Hands and that all the City should compose but one Body and be subject to one Tribunal John Earl of Faux had now a Son born to him call'd Gaston who in time through strange Revolutions came to be King of Navarre Prince Charles Son to Prince John of Aragon and the Lady Blanch his Wife dying He ought to have inherited his Grandfather's Crown and his Father sent his Mother with him to be bred in her Father's Court. As soon as the Prince came to Court he was created Prince of Viana and several other Towns particularly Corella and Peralta given him a thing new in Navarre but done in imitation of the neighbouring Kingdoms It was enacted that those Dominions should for the future ever belong to the Heir of the Crown This Law passed on the 20th of January 1423. Five Months after to satisfy the desires of the People the Oath of Allegiance to the Prince as next Heir was taken by the three Estates at Olite where the King being very antient commonly resided by reason of the Pleasantness of the Seat and the Beauty and Magnificence of a Palace he himself had built Ever since his Minority the King of Portugal had pressed him of Castile to settle a lasting Peace and enter into a League both Nations being wasted with tedious Wars and desirous to put an end to the Miseries it occasin'd So far the Portugues was comply'd with that a Truce was concluded for 29 Years and it was also agreed that after the Expiration of that time neither Party should commit any Hostility upon the other without declaring War a year and a half before such Breach made This Truce was proclaim'd at Avila where the King then was to the great Joy and Satisfaction of the People Processions of Thanksgiving were made and all manner of Sports to express the publick Satisfaction In certain Justs that were kept at Court Ferdinand de Castro the Portugues Embassador was Challenger and all others refusing to run against him Roderick de Mendoça Son to John Hurtado de Mendoça threw him out of the Saddle at the first shock and had like to have kill'd him The King comforted and presented him and as soon as recover'd sent him home well satisfy'd Embassies pass'd now betwixt the Kings of Castile and Aragon John Hurtado de Mendoça sent to the latter at Naples gave him the Reasons why Prince Henry was confin'd and demanded in his King's Name to have Catherine the Prince's Wife Ruy Lopez Davalos the Constable and the other Fugitives of Castile deliver'd up Dalmatius Archbishop of Tarragona was sent by the King of Aragon to Castile to shew that the Reason why he did not grant what that King requir'd was that it was contrary to the Antient Liberties of the Kingdom of Aragon not to protect any that sled thither for shelter besides that he had given them a safe Conduct which according to the Laws of Nations could not be violated He also declar'd to the King the posture of Affairs at Naples how many Jealousies arose betwixt the King and Queen whereupon the Country was divided into Factions and that the Fortune of the Aragonians began to decline it being much fear'd they would come to blows The Queen complain'd that King Alonso took more upon him than was his due That he bestow'd all places of Trust chang'd Garrisons and made the Souldiers take an Oath of Fidelity to him In fine that he turn'd all things which way he listed and incroach'd upon the Laws and Liberties of that Kingdom These things she lay'd to the Charge of her adopted Son King Alonso as an inconstant and changeable Woman grown weary of him and now she was deliver'd of Fear prov'd as ungrateful as she had been liberal in her Distress King Alonso fear'd the Inconstancy of the Queen and could not bear with her open Leudness therefore he order'd a Fleet to be fitted out in order to send her away to Catalonia This was not carry'd so privately but the Queen had notice of it and from that time the Friendship betwixt those two Nations began to grow cold Both parties complain'd that their Adversaries dealt not ingenuously but lay'd Snares to intrap them and it was true enough The King kept at Castelnovo the Queen at Porta Capuana a strong Place From this beginning sprang two Factions in Naples one of the Aragonians and the other of the Andegavenses or Anjovines Names odious in that Kingdom and which lasted till our Days The Enmity and Contrivances went on King Alonso feign'd himself sick John Caracciolo the Seneschal came to see him He was great in the Queen's Favour and that more than became her Modesty therefore he was secur'd at this Visit and the Aragonians immediately repair'd to Porta Capuana The Queen's Party shut the Gates and drew up the Bridge so that King Alonso was forc'd to go off not without some Danger for they cast Darts at him from the Walls Thus by degrees they came to sight in the very Streets At first the Aragonians got the better possess'd themselves of the City and having plunder'd and burnt several Houses besieg'd the Queen in her strong Palace It s own Strength and the Resolution of the Garrison defended it against all the Attempts of the Aragonians Sforcia who lay near at Hand came to relieve the Queen and Bernard de Cabrera came out of Sicily to reinforce the King as did a Fleet of 22 Galleys and 8 large Ships from Catalonia This Fleet arriving at Naples on
out of England The Prince of Orange had recourse to the Kings of the Romans and of Spain King Ferdinand sent 1000 choice Horse under the Command of D. Peter Gomez Sarmiento Earl of Salinas who landed in Britany at the beginning of the year 1490. This Succour did nothing there and d' Albret despairing of success upon promise of being made Constable of France resolved to change Parties and accordingly delivered up Nantes the chief City of that Dukedom to the French King Ferdinand seeing his Forces were of no use in Britany and upon hopes given him of being restored to Russillon and Cerdaigne called them home Luis XI King of France had ordered that Restitution to be made in his Will being perswaded so to do by F. Francis de Paula Founder of the Minims whom he sent for out of Italy before his death The Spaniards being gone the King of France soon possessed himself of the greatest part of Britany and presently after Married Ann the Dutchess This Marriage so increased the Power and confirmed the Affairs of France that all Divisions being at an end the French had leasure to invade Italy In Spain King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth having ended the War with the Moors resolved to banish the Jews out of all their Dominions To this purpose they ordered a Proclamation to be set forth at Granada where they then were in the Month of March 1492 commanding all that Nation to depart the Kingdom within four months leave being given them either to sell their Goods or carry them with them In the month of April F. Thomas de Torquemada the first Inquisitor General published an Order forbidding all Christians after that time to Entertain or Conceal them under severe Penalties This caused an infinite number of those People to transport themselves to several places Some went over to Africk others to Italy and many to the Eastern Countreys where their Descendents still use the Spanish Tongue A great number of them stayed in Portugal upon Leave granted by King John II. yet so that each of them should pay Eight Crowns in Gold for their Reception and depart the Kingdom within a certain time limited After the expiration whereof all such as stayed should be made Slaves Many of them were accordingly brought into Servitude and afterwards set free by King Emamul at the beginning of his Reign What number of Jews went out of Spain cannot be positively affirmed Most Authors say there were 170000 Families and some say they made up 800000 Souls A vast Multitude which caused many to condemn this Action of the King 's as a great loss to his Kingdoms these being a Rich and Industrious People No doubt but it was a great advantage to those Countreys whither they went because they carried with them great part of the Riches of Spain True it is many of them rather than leave their Country and sustain such great loss were Baptized some sincerely others only for Protection At this time died at Rome Pope Innocent VIII The next day after his Death the Cardinals met to choose another and at last after much struggling whether by fair or soul means is not mine to decide Cardinal Roderick Borgia was Elected and took the Name of Alexander VI. Many ill things have been said of this Pope some it is likely were true but magnified through Malice because he was a Stranger as being born at Valencia When his Unckle Calixtus was chosen Pope he made haste to Rome and being created Cardinal had by a Roman Woman called Zanocia or Vanezia four Sons Peter Luis the Eldest Cesar John and Godfrey and one Daughter called Lucretia He was so rich that he bought the Dukedom of Gandia and gave it to his Son Peter Luis and after his decease to his 3d Son John whose Son and Heir was John Father to D. Francis Borgia a Holy Man for quitting that Estate he became a Jesuit Alexander was Elected on the 11th of August and Crowned on the 27th The same day he confirmed the Decree before passed for Erecting the See of Valencia into an Archbishoprick and gave it to his Second Son Cesar then Bishop of Pamplona The year following he made him a Cardinal several Witnesses being produced to Swear he was not Son to the Pope but to Dominick Arin̄ano Husband to Zanocia such was the Corruption of that Age. The youngest Son of all was Godfrey who by Contract with the King of Naples was created Prince of Esquilache Lucretia was first Married to John Sforzia then to Luis Alonso de Aragon Bastard Son to Alonso King of Naples and lastly to Alonso de Este Eldest Son to Hercules Duke of Ferrara During the Papacy of Alexander 〈◊〉 Cardinals Caps were given to Spaniards Navarre was now in an uproar for two Reasons One was that John Viscount Narbonne Unckle to the Queen of Navarre pretended he had a better Right to the Crown than she because his Eldest Brother Gaston died before his Mother Queen Ellenor and therefore he said he was to take place of the Grandchildren On the other side the Earl of Lerin disturbed the Country being possessed of Pamplona Olite and several other Places Each Party had recourse to King Ferdinand to justifie their Proceedings as to one who was so nearly concerned and might be so great a support to them As to the Viscount King Ferdinand answered he would stand by the King and Queen of Navarre their Right being undisputable He therefore took several Places in the County of Faux by force of Arms and at the same time pleaded his Title in the Parliament of Paris yet at length he compounded and gave over his Pretentions for a while For the Earl of Lerin it was ordained that he should deliver up those Places he was unjustly possessed of and be banished Navarre during his Life together with his two Sons Luis and Ferdinand To mollifie these hard Conditions the Town of Huescar in the Kingdom of Granada was given him with the Title of a Marquess This was concluded the following year and put in execution 3 years after Let us turn back to what we have left behind CHAP. II. Discoveries and Conquests of the Spaniards in the West-Indies Controversies arise betwixt the Crowns of Spain and Portugal concerning their Discoveries Roussillon and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand THE most Honourable and Advantageous Enterprize that Spain ever undertook was the Discovery of the West-Indies properly called The New World which hapned in this manner A Ship being drove by a violent Storm from the Coast of Africk was cast upon an unknown Land After the Storm had ceased the Master with only 3 or 4 Mariners the rest being consumed by Famine returned to the Island Madera Christopher Columbus a Genoese but Married in Portugal was then in that Island and was an able Seaman and daring Man He entertained the Master of that Ship in his House who died soon after and left Columbus his Journal of that Voyage Others
their King who was assisted by the German Hereticks the Kings of England and Denmark and the Dutch The Catholick Electors Kings of Spain and Poland the Pope and Princes of Italy favour'd the Emperor On the 8th of November near Prague the Rebels were overthrown and 8000 of them slain The next day the City Prague was deliver'd to the Emperor Anno 1621. Pope Paul the V. died the 28th of January Cardinal Luis of Bolonia succeeded him and took the Name of Gregory the XV. On the 15th of March following died Philip the III. King of Spain at Madrid at the Age of 43 and having Reign'd 22 Years and a half His Body was buried in the Royal Monastery of S. Laurence of the Escuriall His Son Philip the IV. succeeded him being then 16 Years of Age. The End of Mariana 's Supplement The SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE History of SPAIN From the Year 1621 till 1649. Written by the Reverend F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo Preacher and Historiographer of the Order of S. Augustin Anno 1621. AT the Beginning of the Year 1621 Pope Paul the 5th governed the Church Philip the 3d was King of Spain Luis the 13th of France James the 1st of England Ferdinand the 2d was Emperor F. Alonso Vinacourt Master of Malta Antony Prioli Doge of Venice and Osman Emperor of Constantinople These were the Princes that ruled at the Beginning of the Year which before its End shewed the Instability of worldly Affairs in the Death of some of these Potentates Pope Paul the 5th departed this Life the 28th of January being 66 years of Age and having reigned 15 Years and 9 Months In his Place was elected on the 9th of February Alexander Ludovisius Cardinal and Archbishop of Bolonia being then 76 years of Age who took the Name of Gregory the 15th D. Emanuel de Azevedo y Zuniga Count de Monterrey went in the Catholick King 's Name to yield Obedience to him Upon Ashwednesday being the 31st of March the Great Monarch Philip the 3d of Spain changed this Life for a better He was a most singular Prince for Piety and Vertue and the best beloved of any that has held these Kingdoms His Death was in the 43d Year of his Age and 23d of his Reign King Philp the 4th as soon as he heard of his Father's Death took upon him the Government and began to act with greater Wisdom than could have been expected of his tender years He ordained that all Ministers of State should give in an Estimate of what they were worth when they first came to serve On the 22d of June he opened the Cortes at Madrid being 16 years of Age when he began his Reign as born the Year 1605 upon Good-Friday at Midnight Cardinal Bellarmine died at Rome September the 17th a Person of extraordinary Piety and Learning as appears by his Books against the Hereticks of our times and for the use of all other Persons Of two Galleons that came out of India one arrived safe at Lisbon the other fought 3 days with several Turks and having sunk 7 was himself at last burnt the loss was valued at above 2 Millions besides 600 Souls Other 13 Sail of Infidels being met in the Streights by D. Frederick the Admiral he sunk 9 took 2 and 2 fled The same D. Frederick with only 9 Ships fought 18 Hollanders at the Mouth of the Streights with good Success Upon the 21st of October D. Roderick Calderon was beheaded in the great Market-place of Madrid after he had been 2 years and a half Prisoner at Valladolid Much has been writ about him by the Name of Marquis of 7 Churches and his Wife had the publick Tears of all Persons to comfort her He himself was a rare Example of Patience and Constancy which lifted him above his Fortune Anno 1622. D. John Manrique Viceroy of Oran this Year several times defeated the Moores by which means their Insolency was abated At Rome in February 3 Suns were seen two of which were very small Xongusama Emperor of Japan provoked by the Villanous Insinuations of the Hollanders in hatred to the Catholick Religion caused diligent search to be made after the Preachers thereof and put to Death 125 of them burning alive 11 Dominicans 8 Augustinians 5 Franciscans and 9 Jesuits Osman the Great Turk invaded Poland with a mighty Army but having lost 160000 Turks in eleven several Battels he had with Prince Vladislaus returned with Shame to Constantinople There it being given out that he intended to remove his Court to Grand Caire the Janizaries mutinying put him into the Castle of the 7 Towers where they murdered him and taking out his Uncle Mustapha who was kept Prisoner there proclaimed him Emperor Anno 1623. Pope Gregory the 15th departed this Life at Rome July the 8th and on the 6th of August Cardinal Barberino was chosen in his Place and took the Name of Vrban the 8th This Year also died D. Peter de Castro y Quin̄ones Archbishop of Sevil at the Age of 102 years Charles Prince of Wales Son to King James of England set out of London in a Disguise and at Paris whither he went Post saw the King and Queen at Dinner without being known Thence he departed and came to Madrid by the Post March the 17th taking up his Lodging at the English Embassador's who gave notice of his Arrival to Count Gondamar and he to the Duke de Olivares That Afternoon the Marquis of Buckingham went to visit him and gave him the reason of the Prince's coming to Spain The King caused him to remove to S. Hierom from whence he conducted him to the Court giving him the right-hand He was entertained with all the Majesty and Grandeur imaginable The Business he came about which was to marry the Princess Mary was canvassed but he proposing among other Articles the restoring of the Elector Palatin whom the Emperor had expelled for his Rebellion the Treaty was broke off and he returned to England dissatisfied but without reason The King of Persia with the assistance of the English took the City Ormuz a most important Place in the Gulph of Persia being the great Mart of Europe Asia and Africk D. James Pimentel General of the Gallies of Naples near Sardinia discovered 6 Sail of Turks whom he fought and took but with the loss of his Life having received a Musket-shot of which he died the 4th of October Mustapha the new Sultan being judged incapable to govern so great an Empire the Janazaries deposed him and set up in his Place Amurat Brother to Osman whom they had before murdered Anno 1624. This Year the Kingdoms of Grand Cathay and Tibet were discovered They lye beyond India bordering upon China on the North-side and are very large delightful and plentiful Countries The People abhor the Mahometans and scoff at the Pagans They have particular Ceremonies of their own and many Priests whom they call Lambas some
His Death 185 Alonso the 3d King of Aragon Crown'd 226 Dies 333 Alonso the 4th King of Aragon 253 Dies 259 Alonso the 5th King of Aragon adopted Heir of Naples 143 Besieges the Queen of Naples in her Palace 344 Supports an Anti-Pope 345 Again invited to Naples 357 Dies at Naples Ibid Alonso the First King of Portugal his Birth 155 He governs as Earl of Portugal 156 Actions of his 169 Gives the Moors a great overthrow 169 Marries 169 His further Success 172 Title of King confirm'd on him by the Pope 172 Taken by King Ferdinand of Leon and set at liberty 182 Besieg'd by the Moors and deliver'd by the King of Leon. 183 Vanquishes the Moors 183 Dies 184 Alonso the 2d King of Portugal 188 At War with his Sisters 195 His unjust Proceedings Fol. 213 p. 2 His Death 220 Alonso the 3d King of Portugal Dies 276 Alonso the 4th King of Portugal 252 Alonso the 5th King of Portugal Proclaimed King of Castile being contracted to the Rightful Heiress 424 Passes over into Africk and thence into France 428 Resolves to go in Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and resigns his Crown to his Son 431 Dies 437 Alonso King of Naples abdicates 467 Alonso Prince of Portugal his Death 455 Alonso de la Cerda the Rightful Heir of Castile submits to Alonso King in Possession 256 Alonso de Albuquerque his Actions in India 560 Alora taken from the Moors Pag. 446 Alva Duke enters Navarre 549 Alvaro de Luna who he was 327 Becomes the great Favourite 340 Made an Earl 342 Banish'd the Court. 348 Returns to Court 349 Chosen Master of the Order of Santiago 372 His Character and fatal End 378 Amalaricus his Reign His Death 75 Anintosities against Prince Ferdinand of Castile 328 Ancinting of Kings first used in Spain 161 Antequira taken by Storm 331 The Castle surrendred 331 Antient Inscriptions 36 Antioch in danger of-Destruction 66 Apparitions in the Air and other Prodigies 357 Application for uniting the Church 335 Aragon left without Heirs 325 Divided about the Succession 332 Aragonians rout the Mallorquines 205 Destroy the French Fleet. 227 Successful in Italy 229 Successful against the Moors 180 Invade Castile 353 Decline at Naples 356 Gain two Victories at Sea 225 Arcadius and Honorius 66 Archbishop of Toledo chosen 151 Chancellour of Castile 194 Arrested by the King 311 Archbishop of Santiago flies to Portugal 317 Archduke comes into Spain 489 He and his Princess sworn Heirs of Aragon 492 Returns to Flanders 492 Concludes a Peace betwixt Spain and France 496 Archimbaud Earl of Faux his Death and Issue 334 Argantonius his great Age. 11 Argonauts in Spain 8 Arian Heresie 61 Armengaud Earl of Urgel slain 183 Arms of Aragon 174 Of Toledo 168 Of Navarre Articles betwixt Aragon and Navarre Fol. 216. p. 2 Betwixt France and Castile 230 Betwixt King Peter of Castile and the Prince of Wales 284 Betwixt Castile and Portugal 298 Asdrubal succeeds Hamilcar 18 His Death 19 Asdrubal the 2d and Mago routed and 37000 of their Men killed 26 Asdrubal Barchinus routed by Scipio 28 Asdrubal the Son of Gisgo entirely defeated by Scipio 28 Asinius Pollio and M. Lepidus Govern Spain 48 Asturians forced to submit 50 Ataultus and Sigericus Kings of the Goths murder'd 69 Athanagildus ascends the Throne 77 Unfortunate Marriages of his two Sisters 77 Atilius 34 Atlas expels Hesperus and reigns 7 Attempts of the Infidels to murder the King of Castile 264 Attila King of the Huns in France defeated by the Romans Francs and Goths and 180000 of his Men slain 71 Aubigni defeated and taken 497 Aucupa governs Spain 106 Augustus set up in the Place of Julius Caesar 48 Becomes sole Lord of the World Comes into Spain 49 Returns to Rome 50 His Death 51 Aurelius Antoninus and Antoninus Verus Reign 19 years 56 Aurelius Commodus Reigns 12 years and 8 months 56 Aurelius Probus reigns 5 years and 8 months 59 Aurelius Carus reigns 2 years 59 Aurelius King of Oviedo during his Reign does nothing honourable 108 Aza or Adham Governs Spain 104 Azamor in Africk submits to the Portugueses 448 Is taken by the Porugueses 556 B. Babel built Pag. 1 Bacchus builds Nebrixa 8 Bada Wife to Recaredus 79 Badajoz mutinies 312 Taken by the Portugueses 318 Baeca taken 171 Baleares Islands 11 Balbinus and Pupienus reign not out a Year 58 Banish'd King of Granada restor'd Barbarous Action of a Roman 41 Treachery 129 Barbarosla besieges Bugia in vain 562 Barcelona Earidome hereditary 119 Its Earls 122 Taken by the Moors 128 Surrendred to the King of Aragon 417 Battel that lasted 8 days 98 Undecided 177 De la Higuera or of the Fig-Tree 355 Of Olmedo 371 Of Cirinola 497 Of Salado 262 Of Munda 47 Of Najara 253 Of Ravenna 548 Of Blavio vid. Memorable Of Collejares 323 Of Aljubarrota 303 Of Cannas 23 Baucius Capetus General of the Spaniards 12 Chosen a 2d Time against the Carthaginians 13 Beltran de la Cueva Favourite to King Henry the 2d of Castile Created a Duke 406 Benedict the 11th Pope 241 Benedict the 13th Chosen Pope 316 Forsaken 327 Disown'd in Aragon 328 Dies 344 Berengaria Heiress to the Crown of Castile resigns her Right to her Son Ferdinand 199 Berenguel or Berengarius Earl of Barcelona 134 Berenguel Earl of Barcelona his Actions 140 Bergamo and Bressa return to the Obedience of the Venetians 546 Bermudo King of Leon succeeds Mauregatus 108 Bermudo the 2d King of Leon 127 His Death Wives and Issue 130 Bermudo the 3d King of Leon. 134 His good Government 135 Bernard first Archbishop of Toledo when recover'd from the Moors 151 Sets out for the Holy Land Is sent back by the Pope 157 His Death 165 Bernard de Cabrera cruelly put to Death 283 Bilbao City built 112 Biscay rebels 116 United to the Crown of Castile 260 Biscainers and Navarrois at War 251 Biscainers invade the Canary Islands 113 Bishop murder'd 412 Blanch and Berengaria Sisters to King Henry of Castile 199 Blanch Queen of Aragon dies 244 Blanch Daughter to the Duke of Bourbon Contracted to King Peter of Castile 269 Dies 279 Bloody Battel betwixt the Spaniards and Moors 13 Rain 172 Mutiny at Lisbon 519 Boabdil the Moorish King flies to Cordova 446 Bolonia its Siege 560 Rais'd Boniface Pope dies 322 Bravery of a Woman Fol. 208. p. 2 Bresta taken by the Viceroy 552 Broils among the Suevians 73 In Navarre and Biscay 384 Bruneclulda by the French call'd Brunchault 77 Mariana deceiv'd concerning her life 77 Bugia and other Places in Barbary taken by the Spaniards 537 Burgundians who they were 67 C. Caesar in Spain the first time His 2d Coming 44 Kills 36000 Spaniards in Gaul Returns into Spain and expels Pompey's Party 45 Returns again into Spain Reduces Cordova 47 Returns to Rome Is murder'd in the Senate 48 Caius Catinius 32 Calamities of Princes 510 Calatrava taken and given to the Knights Templers 166 Defended by two Monks
Henry of Castile Created a Duke p. 404 Chap. IV. Proceedings and Defeat of the Rebels in Catalonia Death of Ismael King of Granada Progress of the Rebellion in Castile and most Villanous Action of the Rebels who Proclaim Prince Alonso King The King and they Disband p. 406 Chap. V. Peter Constable of Portugal dies The Rebels in Catalonia chose the Duke of Anjou for their King The Battle of Olmedo The Death of the Queen of Aragon and Prince Alonso of Castile The King recovers Toledo The Rebels of Castile affront the Pope's Legate and are Excommunicated p. 408 Chap. VI. John Duke of Lorrain supports and heads the Rebels in Catalonia for his Father Ferdinand Prince of Aragon declar'd King of Sicily The Crown of Castile offer'd to the Princess Elizabeth she refuses it Peace betwixt the King and Nobles p. 410 Chap. VII The Marriage of Ferdinand King of Sicily with the Princess Elizabeth of Castile and of the Duke of Guienne with the Princess Joanna who is sworn Heiress of Castile Differences betwixt the Knights of Alcantara and their Master and Troubles in Biscay The Portugueses take Arzila and Tangier in Africk p. 412 Chap. VIII The Tumults and Confusions in Aragon Sardinia and Navarre The King of Castile labours to reduce his Rebels Pope Paul II. dies Sixtus IV. chosen King Alonso of Portugal takes Arzila and Tangier in Africk p. 414 Chap. IX Catalonia reduc'd Charles Duke of Guienne dies Cardinal Borgia the Pope's Legate comes into Spain Interview of the Kings of Castile and Portugal The Master of Santiago strengthens himself against his Enemies Barcelona surrendred to the King of Aragon p. 416 Chap. X. The Pope's Legate's Practices against King Henry of Castile Massacre of the Jews Signal Loyalty of Peter de Peralta Traiterous Practices of Elizabeth Sister to King Henry of Castile A Synod at Aranda p. 417 The Twenty Fourth BOOK Chap. I. THE Princess Elizabeth pretends to be reconcil'd to her Brother and openly aspires to the Crown upon his Indisposition D. John Pacheco Master of Santiago dies Differences betwixt the French and Aragonians King Ferdinand goes to Barcelona Jews Massacred in Sicily Ferdinand and Elizabeth Proclaim'd King and Queen of Castile The King of Portugal undertakes the Protection of the Princess Joanna his Niece p. 420 Chap. II. The Death of Henry King of Castile Ferdinand and Elizabeth Vsurps the Crown of Castile from Joanna the Rightful Heiress and are Proclaim'd King and Queen The King of Portugal undertakes the Protection of the Rightful Heiress his Niece p. 422 Chap. III. The King of Portugal calls himself King of Castile and is assisted by many of the Nobility being contracted to Joanna the Rightful Heiress He takes several Places in Castile The French make Peace with England and engage to assist Portugal against Ferdinand p. 424 Chap. IV. Prince John of Portugal comes into Castile with Forces to his Father's assistance The Battle of Toro betwixt King Ferdinand and him of Portugal The latter defeated The Castilian Nobility forsake him and he returns home p. 426 Chap. V. The Tumults of Navarre The King of Portugal 's Zoyage into France Toro recover'd by the Castiliano from the Portugueses Several other Places retaken Charles the Bold Duke of Burgundy and Galcazzo Duke of Milan murdred p. 428 Chap. VI. King Ferdinand possesses himself of the Mastership of Santiago in trust which has ever since continued in the Kings of Spain War with the Moors of Andaluzia The King of Portugal after having Abdicated his Crown returns home and is restor'd by his Son p. 429 Chap. VII Sardinia entirely reduc'd The Birth of John Prince of Castile The Inquisition first setled in Spain Peace concluded betwixt France and Castile The Death of King John of Aragon p. 431 Chap. VIII Ellenor Queen of Navarre The Troubles of that Kingdom and her Death The Countess of Medellin raises Tumults in Castile Portugueses overthrown by the Castilians Heretical Opinions started and condemned in Spain King Ferdinand goes into Aragon p. 434 Chap. IX Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Portugal The Turks get footing in Italy and are again expell'd King Alonso of Portugal dies Henry the late King of Castile 's Grants vacated by the Cortes Prince John Son to King Ferdinand Sworn Heir of Castile p. 435 Chap. X. Francis King of Navarre comes out of France is Crowned and soon after dies A Conspiracy against the King of Portugal punished and the Conspirators punished Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal ratified Luis XI King of France dies p. 437 The Twenty Fifth BOOK Chap. I. THE beginning of the War with Granada King Albahazen surprizes Zahara Alhama taken from the Infidels and in vain besieged by them again p. 440 Chap. II. Preparations for carrying on the War against the Moors Loxa in vain besieged and that War laid aside for some time Some Tumults in Galicia A great slaughter of Christians on the Mountains of Malaga p. 441 Chap. III. The Moors defeated and Boabdill their King taken and afterwards released The Affairs of Navarre Pope Sixtus dies Innocent VIII succeeds him Marquess del Gasto and Pescara from whom descended p. 444 Chap. IV. Alora and other Places taken from the Moors Albohardil Vsurps the Crown of Granada and defeats the Earl of Cabra The Rebellion in Naples Birth of the Princess Katherine of Castile afterwards Wife to Henry VIII King of England p. 446 Chap. V. The Tumults in Aragon and Catalonia Several Towns taken from the Moors A Sedition in Galicia King Albohardil attacks the Castle called Albayzin in Granada and is repulsed Azamor on the Coast of Africk delivered to the Portugueses p. 448 Chap. VI. King Ferdinand takes Malaga and other Places from the Moors Albohardil King of Granada having been defeated by the Christians is expelled by his Subjects and Boabdil Proclaimed King Mighty Discoveries made by the Portugueses in the East p. 450 Chap. VII Tumults in Aragon the Cities Associate there The War with the Moors renewed and several Places taken from them which they with the same facility recover Maximilian King of the Romans aims to Marry the Princess Elizabeth of Castile p. 452 Chap. VIII The Masterships of all the Military Orders in Spain annexed to the Crown for ever Three Cities and other Places taken from the Moors Elizabeth Princess of Castile Married to Alonso Prince of Portugal His and his Father's Death p. 453 Chap. IX The War with the Moors now effectually renewed The Description of the City of Granada King Ferdinand lays Siege to it and Builds a Town for his Army to Quarter in during the Siege to shew his Resolution not to depart without being Master of that City p. 456 Chap. X. A mighty Mutiny raised in Granada by a Phanatick Moor. The City surrendred to King Ferdinand The Character of King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth Their Triumphal Entry into Granada and Vniversal Joy for their Success p. 457 The Twenty Sixth BOOK Chap. I. THE Affairs of Britany The
fitted out The King of Aragon landed in Majorca where the Islanders had assembled 300 Horse and 15000 Foot but all Raw undisciplin'd Souldiers They were easily overthrown and their King fled to the City Poncia and thence desparing of better Fortune over to the Continent Those People being before well affected to the Aragonian soon took the Oath of Fidelity to him and he return'd to Barcelona leaving Arnaldus de Eril Viceroy of the Islands Russillon and Cerdagne on the Borders of Spain were Infested and some Towns there taken belonging to the King of Majorca A Cardinal was now sent by the Pope as his Legate to reconcile these Kings his coming the approach of Winter and want of Engines to batter Walls made the War cease for sometime but his Embassy took no further Effect In the Month of April 1344 the War was renew'd with more Fury than at first all the open Country destroy'd and the places of Strength taken Some perswaded the King of Majorca to put himself into the Power of the Aragonian Others more fierce said it was better to dye than trust him Nothing was left the King of Majorca but the Town of Perpignan therefore he sent by D. Peter de Exerica to acquaint the King of Aragon he would put himself into his Power upon promise of Life and Liberty Having receiv'd that Promise in July he came from Perpignan to Elna where the Camp of Aragon then was Being come before the King of Aragon he kiss'd his Hand and with Submissive Words begg'd pardon The Aragonian receiv'd him with feign'd Friendship and promis Forgiveness but his Actions were not answerable to his Words Soon after in an Assembly of Nobility at Barcelona he depriv'd him of the regal Title and asign'd him some Estate to live upon Finding himself deceiv'd the King of Majorca fled into France designing to renew the War and seeing there was little help in the Pope cast himself wholly upon the King of France to whom he sold the Lordship of Montpellier for 100000 Crowns in Gold The War was again Commenc'd in the Island Cerdagne and Russillon which prov'd fatal to him for he was 5 years after overthrown and kill'd in a Battle in Majorca by the Aragonians His Body was deposited in Valencia his Sons and Nephews liv'd Poor and in Bannishment The same year that Algezira was taken and the King of Majorca depos'd there was a mighty Earthquake at Lisbon which shook all the Buildings and threw down the Steeple of the Cathedral and was look'd upon as an Omen of ensuing Misfortunes Constance the Daughter of D. John Manuel and Wife of Prince Peter of Portugal dy'd in the year 1345. Her Death was the less grievous to him because he was in Love with the Lady Agnes de Castro and kept her in as great State as his Wife The Lady Constance left two Sons Ferdinand and Mary After the War with the Moors was ended the King of Castile labour'd to punnish the Disorders that had happen'd in that turbulent Time and to perswade the Kingdom of Toledo and Andaluzia to grant him the same Duty on Merchandize as Burgos and Leon had done In Aragon new Troubles began to break out for the King endeavour'd by all means to increase the Grandeur of the Crown by recalling many Grants of his Predecessors and oblig'd his Brother D. Jayme to quit the place of Vicar General of the Kingdom In the year 1346 dy'd the Queen of Aragon a most virtuous Lady She was bury'd at Valencia To the intent the King might have Issue male a Match was presently propos'd with the Lady Eillenor Daughter to the King of Portugal Ferdinand the Aragonian's Brother thought to marry that Lady but the King prevail'd chiefly by the assistance of D. John Manuel whose Son Ferdinand marry'd Joanna cousin German to the King of Aragon The Nobility and Commous of Aragon rebell'd upon pretence that Wrong had been done to D. Jayme the King's Brother and that several publick Acts were made in the Name of the Lady Constance as Heiress of the Crown Ximeno de Vrrea Peter Coronel Blase de Alagon and D. Lope de Luna were appointed Conservators of the Liberties of the People D. Jayme Earl of Vrgel was châ—â—en for their chief His Brothers Ferdinand and John were call'd out of Castile The King assembl'd the Cortes at Zaragoça and to please thâ—â—eople restor'd the Vicarship to his Brother D. Jayme and declar'd him heir of the Crown Thus all People were pleas'd but D. Jayme soon dying their Joy expir'd The King went to Barceloâ—â— whither he had order'd his Queen to be conducted from Portugal and here it was the Earl of Vrgel dy'd about the end of the Year 1347. His Brothers Ferdinand and 〈◊〉 â—â—aded the Mutinâ—ers being assisted by the King of Castile with 800 Horse The King of Aragon was marry'd without any Pomp by reason of the publick Sorrow for the death of D. Jayme as also because of the Troubles of the Kingdom The Two Brothers Ferdinand and John who had been in Castile to consult with their Mother and the King their Uncle headed the Rebels being assisted with 800 Horse from Castile Ferdinand went 〈◊〉 to Valencia and John to Zaragoça Their Mother resided at Cuenca and Requena Fernan Perez Portocarrero was sent from Castile and MunÌ„on Lopez de Tauste from Aragon to reconcile the Brothers of that Crown and procure that no Aid might be given to the Rebels Alvar Garcia de Albornoz was allow'd to raise 600 Horse in Castile to serve the King of Aragon who put himself into the Hands of the Rebels at Valencia Here the People Mutinying assaulted the Palace and the King was forc'd to ride out among them and grant that D. Ferdinand should be Vicar of the Kingdom and Heir to the Crown excluding the King's Daughters After the King's departure D. Lope de Luna who was reconcil'd to the King was very severe towards 〈◊〉 Conspirator He encamp'd about Daroca Prince Ferdinand march'd against him with 15000 Horse and Fooâ— they came to a Battle in which the Rebels were routed 〈…〉 Prince Ferdinand himself taken but Alvar Garcia de Albornoz who was intrusted to 〈◊〉 him suffer'd him to make his escape into Castile The King to reward D. Lope created him Earl of Luna a thing not much us'd in Aragon After this Victory all submitted to the King Yet Prince Ferdinand was again declar'd Heir and the Power of the High Justice of Aragon was increas'd that the King might not oppress the People This in Aragon in the Year 1348. This Year a destructive Plague spread it self first in the East then into Italy Sicily Majorca and Spain where no City escap'd it and the Mortality was so great that only in the City Zaragoça in October 100 dyed in one day The infection was so great that nobody would look to the Sick or bury the Dead Ellenor the new Queen of Aragon dy'd
Son to the Earl of Faux His Wife and Daughter-in-Law the Princess Ellenor came to him but of Aragon and with them D. Lope Fernandez de Luna Arch-Bishop of Zaragoca and several other Men of Note It was requisite to settle the Kingdom and raise Mony for it was not doubted but a Storm threaten'd from France Therefore the Cortes were assembled at Burgos and there John the Son of the new King Henry was sworn Heir to the Crown after his Fathers Decease The Tenth of all things sold was here given him without any limitation of time Their hatred to King Peter binded them so as not to reflect how heavy a Burden they lay'd upon the Country King Henry gave to the City Burgos for their Service at his Coronation the Town of Miranda de Ebro D. Dominick was at this time Bishop of Burgos who Election was remarkable His Predecessor Ferdinand dying the Chapter could not agree who should succeed It was therefore resolv'd to stand the Decision of this Dominick being then one of the Canons He without regarding the Competitors said Since there must be a Bishop let Dominick himself be Bishop All the Chapter rejoye'd at his Choice and he was accordingly consecrated About this time D. Lope de Luna the Archbishop came again into Castile being sent Embassador by the King Aragon to demand Performance of Covenants and a great Summ of Mony he had lent Count Henry The new King acknowledg'd the Debt and all that was demanded to be due but said the Kingdom being not yet setled he could not alinate so great a part of it without exposing himself to extraordinary Danger yet assoon as he were well fixed he would perform all Articles and in the mean while look'd upon the King of Aragon as his Father and Preserver This he said to amuse that King be-being resolv'd to part with nothing Thus Princes devote themselves to their Interest without regarding Promises or Oaths CHAP. VI. The War betwixt France Navarre and Aragon King Peter of Castile supported by the English in France Is brought into Spain by the Prince of Wales with an Army Overthrows Henry the Vsurper and recovers his Kingdom THE War commenc'd three Years befor this betwixt France and Navarre still continu'd with disadvantage to the latter who lost several Towns At Toulouze a League was concluded betwixt the Kings of France and Aragon wherein it was agree'd that the Aragonian should make War upon Navarre to which effect the King of France was to assist him with 500 Lances maintain'd at his own cost This being known to the King of Navarre he stay'd in Spain to make head against the Aragonian by whose command Luis Coronel was already wasting the Frontiers of that Kingdom He sent the Queen his Wife tho with Child into France to try if she could bring that King her Brother to Composition Her Journey proved in vain for the King of France was resolv'd to seize all that the Navarrois possess'd in France At Evreux in Normandy the Queen was brought to Bed of her Second Son call'd Peter who was Earl of Mortaine With him in the heat of Summer she return'd to Navarre not liking her Entertainment in France It was requisite for the King of Navarre to seek some new Allyes he thought it convenient to joyn with King Peter then in Banishment who made him great Offers as Men commonly do in distress King Peter of Castile was then busy soliciting for Succours to recover his Kingdom and particularly apply'd himself to Edward Prince of Wales who then govern'd Guienne for his Father They met at Cabreron a Town not far from Bayonne King Charles of Navarre was with them The Prince invited them to Dinner King Peter was seated on the Right Hand and the Prince next to him on the left sat King Charles by himself There they swore to the Articles of Allyance made betwixt them which were That King Peter should be restored to his Kingdom That the Prince for his Service therein should have Biscay the King of Navarre Logron̄o and That King Peter should leave his Daughters in Guienne as Hostages for performance of Articles and payment of Mony lent him to defray the Army The King of Aragon renew'd his League with France He of Navarre fearing all the Burden of the War would fall upon him chang'd his Mind and meeting Henry the new-made King of Castile at Campeio concluded a League with him by which it was Articled That the King of Navarre should not give Passage to the English through his Dominions That he should assist Henry against them and deliver up certain Towns for Security of Performance That Henry should give him the Town of Logron̄o promis'd to him not long before by King Peter About this time Luis Brother to the King of Navarre marry'd Joanna Dutchess of Durazzo in Macedonia as eldest Daughter and Heiress to Duke Charles to whom Pope Vrban the VIth some time after gave the Investiture of the Kingdom of Naples Because there is generally a mistake made in the Genealogy of these Princes I thought good to set it down here Charles the IId King of Naples was Father to John Duke of Durazzo John had Charles and Luis Charles was Father to John and Margarite Luis the other Son to John had Charles that came to be King of Naples and Joanna who we said marry'd Luis Brother to the King of Navarre On the 18th of January 1367 some Authors say a Year later King Peter of Portugal dy'd at Estremoz He liv'd 46 Years 9 Months and one Day and reign'd 9 Years 9 Months and 28 Days His Body was bury'd with great Pomp at Alcobaça near to the Lady Agnes de Castro He left a Revenue for Chaplains to pray for his Soul and those of his Predecessors was a rigorous observer of Justice and much lamented by his People He order'd that nothing should be taken up for his Use upon trust but paid for at the full Value with ready Mony made wholsome Laws to curb the Avarice of Judges and Lawyers was most Severe against Malefactors particularly for Adultery insomuch that he is say'd to have struck the Bishop of Porto on that Account and us'd Yearly to distribute a considerable Sum of Mony among his Servants according to the Merits of every Man His Son Ferdinand succeeded him who concluded a Peace with the King of Aragon's Embassadors This King kept the Lady Ellenor de Meneses whom he took from her Husband Laurence Vasquez de Acuna who therefore fled to Castile and is said always to have worn in his Cap a pair of Silver Horns denoting the King's Lust and his own Shame All France and Spain resounded with Warlike Preparations Henry the new-made King was at Burgos gathering an Army to oppose the Enemy who had passed the Mountains at Ronoesvalles and without meeting any Opposition advanc'd to Pamplona that King being detain'd a Prisoner at Burgid by Oliver de Mani who held
Trastamara was with him this Man was employ'd to offer Bertran Claquin many Towns and 200000 Castilian Doubles to leave the service of Henry and carry the King off Bertran refus'd but being press'd consulted with some Friends who advis'd him to acquaint Henry with the Proposal He did so and Henry thanking him for his Fidelity perswaded him to carry on that Design and secure King Peter at his Quarters King Peter accordingly came with only a few Gentlemen to Bertran and said it was time to be gone At the same time Henry enter'd the Tent and stood some time as it were astonish'd at the sight of the King till a Frenchman pointing at him said to Henry Take notice that is your Enemy King Peter with his natural fierceness answer'd I am I am Then Henry taking out his Dagger wounded him in the Face they clasped one another and both fell to the Ground but Henry was undermost till Bertran turning them Henry got uppermost and then stabb'd the King several times till he dy'd A horrid sight to behold a lawful King descended of Kings murder'd by a Bastard Frossarte a French Historian writes that as Henry enter'd the place where the King was he said Where is this Jewish Son of a Where who calls himself King of Castile and at that the King answer'd Then art the Son of a Where for I am the lawful Son of King Alonso King Peter dy'd on the 23d of March in the flower of his Age being but 34 Years and 7 Months old he reign'd 19 Years lacking 3 Days His Body was carry'd without any Pomp to Alcoçer and there deposited in the Church of S. James Afterwards he was translated by King John the IId to the royal Monastery of Dominican Nuns at Madrid After the King's death several of his Followers were apprehended CHAP. VIII Several Foreign Princes pretenders to the Crown of Castile War with Aragon Portugal and Granada Affairs of Aragon Sardinia and Navarre The League bewixt Portugal and Aragon MOntiel immediately submitted and Toledo upon the News of the King's Death was surrender'd Among foreign Princes there arose a Dispute concerning the succession of the Crown All agreed that Henry being a Bastard could have no Right and every one strove to make his Advantage of the Troubles of Castile The King of Navarre as has been said had already taken several good Towns belonging to Castile Molina Can̄ete and Requena were betray'd by their Governours to the Aragonian The King of Portugal call'd himself King of Castile and Leon being great Grandson to King Sancho and Grandson to Beatrix his Daughter He was already possess'd of Cuida Rodrigo Alcantana and Tuy The King of Granada always a Friend to King Peter hop'd to make his Advantage Yet the greatest Storm was threaten'd from England and Guienne for John Duke of Lancaster Brother to the Prince of Wales had marry'd Constance Daughter to King Peter and the Earl of Cambridge another Brother had to Wife Elizabeth the younger Sister both Daughters to Da. Maria de Padilla The only remedy against all these Evils that hung over the new King Henry was to secure the Affections of the Nobility and Commons of the Kingdom Therefore he immediately went away to Sevil where he was receiv'd with the usual Joy of the Rabble thither all the Cities of Andaluzia sent to make their Submission except Carmona where King Peter had left his Children and Treasure under the Care of Martin Lopez de Cordova Master of Calatrava who still continu'd faithful to his dead Master At Sovil King Henry not without Infamy endeavour'd to settle a Truce with the King of Granada but could not obtain it Therefore having secur'd the Frontiers he went to Toledo knowing his Wife and Son were come thither from Burgos Here it was taken into Consideration how to raise Mony to pay the Arrears due to the Foreigners and what was promis'd to Bertran Claquin at Montiel for his good Service or rather infamous Treachery All that could be gather'd of the King's Revenue was but a small Summ towards satisfying the Foreigners who boasted they had put the Crown upon Henry's Head To supply this want two new sorts of base Coin were invented the one call'd Cruzados the other Royals which caus'd all things to grow excessive dear The Kings of Aragon and Portugal at this time infested the Frontiers Pero Gonzalez de Mendoça and Alvar Garcia de Albornoz were sent with an Army to oppose the Aragonians and recover'd Requena from them Henry himself march'd towards Galicia where he heard the Portugueses did much harm By the way he attempted Zamora yet stay'd not to take it but enter'd Portugal between the Rivers Duero and Min̄o burning and destroying all the Country and taking Braga and Bragança This done he return'd into Castile His Brother Sancho was with him having been ransom'd from the English who took him at the Battel of Najara The King of Portugal was too weak to give Battel and Henry drew off with much hast upon the News that the King of Granada wasted all Andaluzia having taken Algezira and so demolish'd it that it was never after Rebuilt Besides he was forc'd to return to Castile to raise Mony for Payment of the foreign Souldiers and discharging of Bertran Claquin who was courted by the King of Aragon to go over into Sardinia against Marianus the Judge of Arborea who had again rebell'd and taken many Towns D. Peter de Luna had been sent against him before who reduc'd him to secure himself in the City Oristan whence watching his Opportunity he sally'd and surprising his Besiegers put the whole Army to flight killing the General and his Brother Philip. Some Days after Brancaleon Doria who was of the Lord of Arborea his Party was reconcil'd to the King but the Rebels made even for this loss by taking the City Sacer the Capital of the Island Berengarius Carroz Earl of Quirra was sent as General to put some stop to the Proceedings of the Rebels and Bertran Claquin was sollicited to accept of that Command Bertran was about to accept of that Offer when another more important War drew him away The People of Guienne weary of the English Government sollilicited the King of France to assist them in their Rebellion He gladly condescended and sent for Claquin to command his Army in that Expedition At the same time he desir'd the King of Navarre to assist him That King resolv'd to go into France tho he had but then sent John Cruzate Dean of Tudela into Aragon to settle a Confederacy He left his Queen to govern Navarre and went to his own Estate in Normandy resolving not to trust the King of France but to make his advantage of those Wars The King of France sent Embassadors to him and at last they had a Meeting at Vernon on the Seine Here they agreed the Navarrois should deliver up Mante Meùlan and the County of Longeuville about which they were
stay to besiege it resolving to advance towards his Enemy who was incamp'd at Santaren The King of Portugal being too weak for his Enemy kept himself within the Walls and King Henry march'd away to Lisbon At his first coming he enter'd and burnt the Suburbs but the City being strong and well defended could not be taken However some Ships were burnt in the River and others taken by the Fleet of Castile a great Number of Prisoners and a rich Booty was carry'd away Mean while the Legate ceas'd not to labour for Peace and at last brought the two Kings together into a Boat upon the River Tagus on the 28th of March and they agreed to these Conditions That the King of Portugal by a certain Day should banish his Kingdom the Gentlemen that fled from Castile who were about 500 in Number That all Places taken during that War should be restor'd on both Sides That Beatrix Sister to the King of Portugal should be marry'd to D. Sancho Brother to King Henry and Earl of Albuquerque and Elizabeth Bastard Daughter to the King of Portugal to Alonso the Bastard of King Henry King Ferdinand gave Hostages for Security of Performance D. Sancho and the Lady Beatrix were presently marry'd at Santaren The Lady Elizabeth being but 8 Years of Age was delivered to King Henry and then the two Kings parted King Henry march'd directly against Navarre but the Pope's Legate reconcil'd those two Kings also The Navarrois restor'd the Towns of Victoria and Logron̄o Charles his Son was contracted to Ellenor Daughter to the King of Castile her Portion 120000 Crowns of Gold The Kings met at Briones a Town on the Frontiers where the Princes were marry'd and the King of Navarre gave his younger Son Peter to him of Castile as a Hostage When the King of Navarre return'd out of France he found that Bernard Bishop of Pamplona and Cruzate Dean of Tudela whom he had joyn'd in Commission with the Queen had not discharg'd their Trust faithfully They understanding the King's Displeasure fled the Bishop got to Avignon but the Dean was kill'd by the way as was suspected by the King's order The Bishop went on to Rome where he dy'd CHAP. X. Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Aragon Several Matches of Princes French and Spaniards besiege Bayonne in vain The Papal Chair restor'd to Rome Death of Frederick King of Sicily FRom Briones the King of Castile return'd to the Kingdom of Toledo he of Navarre to his Court whence he sent the Queen into France to appease that King who was highly offended suspecting the Navarrois had employ'd People to Poison him Then the King of Navarre went in Person to Madrid to perswade King Henry to forsake the French and side with the English Offering if he would pay the Arrears due to the Prince of Wales and his Army from King Peter that the English would quit their Claim to the Crown of Castile and lay down all other Animosities King Henry answer'd he would never depart from the Interest of France where he had found Relief in his Distress but that if the English would make Peace with France he would join in it and pay them as much as should be adjudg'd by impartial Judges Thus nothing was concluded and the Navarrois return'd to Pamplona the Castilian to Andaluzia The Lady Mary Daughter to D. Ferdinand de la Cerda marry'd in France to the Earl of Alençon sent to demand of King Henry the Lordships of Biscay and Lara as of right appertaining to her He reply'd if she would send two of her Sons to reside at his Court they should be put into Possession but having better Estates in France they never came In October Balthasar Spinola a Genoese came into Aragon as Embassador from the English to conclude a League against Castile They offer'd him if the Kingdom were conquer'd the Cities of Murcia Cuenca and Soria with all their Dependencies but the King of Aragon could not be prevail'd upon In February happen'd a great Earthquake in the Earldom of Ribagorça in which many Towns were wholly swallow'd up Luis Duke of Anjou came to Carcassonne to endeavour to settle a Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon fearing lest the English the mortal Enemies of France should become Masters of Castile After much debating it was resolv'd to referr the Dicision of their Differences to Guido Cardinal of Bolonia the Pope's Legate On the 15th of October Pope Gregory the XIth confirm'd the Order of the Fryers of S. Hierome first invented by certain Italian Hermits near the City Toledo Some Years after the Order of the Isidorians was taken from this same In December tho Peace could not be concluded a Truce was agreed upon till the Feast of Pentecost In the Year 1374 John Duke of Lancaster landed with an Army at Calis and being join'd by the Duke of Britany march'd across the Country to Bourdeaux with a Design to conquer Castile He sent Embassadors to the Kings of Aragon and Navarre to ask Supplies but they thought it safest to look on as Neuters King Henry fearing this Storm went to Burgos where he made all possible Preparations to withstand it D. Sancho his Brother endeavouring to appease a Sedition among the Souldiers was wounded in the Face with a Spear and dy'd The Lady Beatrix his Wife left with Child was deliver'd of a Daughter called Ellenor who was marry'd to Prince Ferdinand afterwards King of Aragon King Henry near Ban̄ares made a review of his Forces and found 1200 Horse and 5000 Foot a small Number but good Men. The English Forces consum'd by their long March when they came to Bourdeaux were not above 6000 strong and therefore had lay'd aside the Design of entring Spain Luis Duke of Anjou thinking this a good Opportunity to expel them France advis'd King Henry to joyn his Forces with him and besiege Bayonne King Henry took his Advice and besieg'd the Place but was forc'd by the Rains and want of Provisions to quit it Beltran de Guevara Lord of On̄ate did good Service in this Expedition for which the King at his return gave him the Valley of Leniz In August the Prince of Majorca enter'd the Country of Russillon with a powerful Army yet did nothing considerable On the other side the Lord of Bearne and Godfrey Recco a Breton made an Incursion into the Territory of Borgia and destroy'd all they came near The King of Aragon sent Francis de Perellas Viscount Roda to conclude a League with the Duke of Lancaster A violent Storm cast him upon the Coast of Granada where he was made Prisoner by that King in revenge for certain Vessels of his taken by the Aragonians and to please the King of Castile A new Embassy was sent by King Henry to Barcelona to establish Peace with the Aragonian On the 3d of November dy'd in Normandy Joanna Queen of Navarre at whose Request her Brother the King of France often pardon'd her Husband
of restoring them The Earl of Benavente made his Escape out of Prison by the Assistance of Alonso de Leon whom he bribed and the Governour of the Castle trusted 30 Horse were hid in a Wood and with them the Earl fled to Benavente where as soon as he came the Townsmen turned out the King's Garrison Then marching out relieved Alva de Liste besieged by the King's Party and took some small Towns The King alarmed at this News left D. Alvaro at Ocana to make Preparations for War and went himself in great haste to Benavente but that Town being well provided he passed into Portugal That Kingdom was then full of Joy for the Marriage of the King with Elizabeth Daughter to Prince Peter the King's Uncle and Governour of the Kingdom to whom he had been 7 Years Contracted This Lady was very Virtuous and Beautiful Of her was born D. John who dyed a Child and Joanna who also dyed and another D. John who lived many Years and succeeded his Father The King was young and Prince Peter had the whole Power of the Government which some great Men highly resented Among them the chiefest was D. Alonso Earl of Barcelos the Prince's Brother and by him created Duke of Bragança He perswaded the King to take upon him the Government and put to Death his Uncle for the wrong done to his Mother in depriving her of it The King contrived how to put this advice in Execution and Prince Peter having notice of it fled and made himself strong in Coimbra From thence he held Correspondence with some of the Citizens in order to possess himself of Lisbon Having layed his Design which could not be kept secret he set out but being attack'd in the way by a Party that lay in wait for him was killed with most of those that attended him in the Year 1449. Authors do not agree in what Month. He was a Man of a great Spirit and very wife It is said the King was much concerned at his Death but that is not likely since he lay long unburyed but at last was honourably Interred at Aljubarrota the Burial Place of the Kings His Son James was taken went afterwards to Flanders and his Aunt the Dutchess Elizabeth made Interest at Rome to have him chosen a Cardinal His Sister Beatrix went also to Flanders and was married to Adolphus Duke of Cleves After this Portugal enjoy'd Peace a long time and the King being come to Age governed prudently but was more Fortunate in the War he made with the Moors whilst young than in that with Castile in his latter Years He spent much of his Treasure in redeeming of Captives that were in Africk and is only censured for having been too much governed by his Courtiers and Favourites D. Alvaro being left at Ocan̄a as has been said to make the necessary Preparations for War found himself much streightned for Mony and therefore by way of Loan demanded a Million of Maravedles of Toledo a rich and large City Alonso Cota a considerable Citizen was employed to Collect this Mony but the Citizens opposed him saying it was contrary to their Charter D. Aloaro being informed of it order'd the Collection of the Mony to go on Hereupon the Town mutiny'd and gave the Alarm with a Bell from the great Church John Alonso and Peter Galvez two Canons were they that stirred up the People A Fellow that made Skins to carry Wine whose Name is not known headed the Rabble They fired the House of Alonso Cota and the Flame spreading all the Quarter of St. Mary Magdalen was consumed where most of the rich Merchants lived whose Houses were plundered This happen'd on the 26th of January The greatest Sufferers were those they call New Christians because descended from Jews Peter Sarmiento the Governour and his Lieutenant Marcos Garcia whom in contempt the People to this Day call Marquillos de Maçarambro◠that ought to have quell'd the Mutiny encouraged the Rabble This done fearing the Punishment they had well deserved they shut their Gates and their Joy was soon turned into Sorrow D. Alvaro of himself not being strong enough to appease those Tumults because Peter Sarmiento was his Enemy gave advice to the King who having taken Benavente repaired to Toledo and the Gates being shut against him took up his Quarters in the Hospital of S. Lazarus Several Cannon-shot were made at him from the City Peter Sarmiento put some Citizens upon the Rack plundered their Houses and executed them for Corresponding with the King The King removed to Torijos thither came Deputies to him from Toledo to tell him if he did not remove D. Alvaro de Luna and preserve their Franchises that and other Cities would proclaim Prince Henry King These Deputies were dismissed without any Answer The King besieged the City but Prince Henry coming to its Relief the Siege was raised yet the People would not deliver the Keys of the City or Castle to the Prince On the 6th of June the Citizens made an Order that none descended of Jews should be capable of any publick Employment A Dean of Toledo writ a Treatise to shew the illegality of that Ordinance and offered to defend his Opinion by publick Dispute He also writ largely about it to the Bishop of Cuenca shewing that many very noble Families were related to Jews So far he proceeded herein that Pope Nicholas by his special Bull condemn'd that Act or Ordinance This Bull bares date September the 24th 1449. Two years after he put out another Bull to the same effect The Archbishops of Toledo D. Alonso Carrillo and the Cardinal D. Peter Gonzales in two Synods one held at Alcala the other at Vitoria condemned it also Our Historians have omitted this Tumult of Toledo as I suppose for fear of making themselves odious but I would not omit it having found it in very authentick Manuscripts The King of Navarre ceased not to stir up the Nobility of Castile to Rebellion The Cities of Murcia and Cuenca were ill affected towards the King which was no small Encouragement to the Navarrois and his Adherents Many Incursions were made by the Aragonians into Castile and they took a great Booty of Cattle about Requena defeating a Body of the Townsmen who ventured out to recover it Nevertheless their Design of securing Murcia failed them Cuenca was attempted by the Aragonians invited thither by the Governour of the Castle which was then in the highest part of the City now only the Ruins of it remain Here also they were disappointed for Bishop Barrientos defended the City with great Resolution In Aragon the Admiral of Castile being returned out of Italy the King's Orders were read in a full Assembly of the States and some were for raising Forces and declaring War with Castile But the Commons oppos'd it and therefore other Methods were thought of It was propos'd to marry the Prince of Viana with the Earl of Haro's Daughter It was also laboured that
that vast Ocean to refresh the Seamen with its Fruit Fish and Flesh tho' scarce Inhabited being but Four Leagues in length and so far from any Land Thence by the way of the Islands Terceras the Ships generally return to Lisbon in August or September The End of the 26th BOOK The History of SPAIN BOOK XXVII CHAP. I. The Death of the Prince of Castile Of Charles VIII King of France Matches of Two Daughters of Spain The Prince of Salerno expelled Naples France and Spain agree Hierome Savonarola burnt at Florence THE Affairs of Spain at one and the same time prospered in Italy and within Spain had a mixture of Felicity and Adversity Two Matches for as many of King Ferdinand's Daughters were concluded that is of the Princess Catherine with Arthur Prince of Wales and Heir to Henry VII King of England and of the Princess Elizabeth with Emanuel King of Portugal These Marriages were of great Importance because together with those of the House of Austria they bound such Mighty Princes to the Interest of Spain The Match with England was fully concluded upon the 15 of August 1497. To forward the Marriage with Portugal D. John Manuel that King's Foster-Brother came to Castile It was agreed that King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth should carry the Princess their Daughter to the Borders of Portugal where King Emanuel should meet them to consummate the Marriage upon the last Day of September Ceclamin was at first the Place appointed to meet but that Town wanting Conveniencies they spent three Days together at Valencia de Alcantara Their Joy was much abated by the News of the Indisposition of Prince John who died the 13 day after he was taken ill at Salamanca on the 4th of October to the great Loss and Grief of the whole Kingdom He left the Princess with Child but that availed little for in a short time after she miscarried The Prince's Body was carried to Avila to be buried in the famous Dominican Monastery of S. Thomas This dismal News came to Alcantara whilst yet the Rejoycing for the Wedding lasted but after King Ferdinand was gone King Emanuel begged of the Queen his Mother-in-Law not to let the Queen his Wife know any thing of it and so went away with her to Ebora There she was at last acquainted with the Death of the Prince her Brother She resented it as became a loving Sister but his Parents bore their Loss with great Magnanimity The Kingdom of Naples was not yet peaceable because the Prince of Salerno and his Party mistrusting the King fortified their Towns and Castles The first Demonstration that Prince gave of his Ill-will was That tho' he appeared when King Frederick was Proclaimed at Naples yet he would not be present at his Coronation under colour of Poverty However the Prince of Basiniano came to Court the day following to excuse himself and intercede for him of Salerno No means of Peace prevailed and the King was forced to march with his Army and besiege him in his strong Town of Diano Gonçalo Fernandez was now about returning to Spain as reckoning the War of Naples at an end To this purpose he had gone into Calabria thence to Sicily and now came to Naples to take his Leave of the King and Queen They pressed him to aid them in that Siege because the Defendants were numerous and the King's Party favoured them The Great Captain gathered 500 Spaniards and the King furnishing him 500 Germans he so straitned the Besieged tho' with much danger of his Person that the Prince was forced to surrender It was agreed That the Prince with all such as would follow him might safely depart the Kingdom with their Goods That all the Towns and Forts belonging to the Prince should be delivered up to the King he paying for the Cannon and Provisions in them Thus Diano was surrendered upon the 28th of December and the Prince put himself into the hands of the Duke of Melfi to be conducted to Sangalla a City in Marca de Ancona which sided with the King of France The Earls of Conça and Lauria his Confederates bore him Company He of Capacho being very old put himself upon the King's Mercy This same Year in Autumn D. John de Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia sent a Fleet over to Africk to People Melilla which is opposite to Almeria and had been abandoned by the Moors In recompence for the Charge he had been at that Town was given to the Duke and his Heirs for ever The Xeque or Lord of Gelves who was in Rebellion aginst the King of Tunez his Sovereign to secure himself under the Christian Protection delivered up that Island and Port to the Catholick King and in his Name to John de Lanuça then Viceroy of Sicily Captain Margarit was left with the Spanish Forces to secure that Island A solemn Embassie from France now met the King at Alcala de Henares The Proposals made were That the Two Kings with their joint Forces should invade Italy That as to the Kingdom of Naples the Catholick King should possess Calabria till such time as the French King in exchange should give him the Kingdom of Navarre and 30000 Ducats yearly for what it was worth above that Kingdom That the States of Milan and Genoa should belong to the French and all the rest of Italy be equally divided betwixt them The Catholick King was not averse from the Business of Naples but as for the rest of Italy would not be concerned without advertising the Empire who had so great a Right to it At last it was resolved King Ferdinand should send Ambassadors to France to prosecute this Treaty At this time all the Monasteries of Castile were reduced to the strict Observance of their Orders which the Dominicans Augustins and Carmelites easily condescended to The Franciscans at first made some resistance According to Agreement the King sent Ferdinand Duke of Estrada and Two others his Ambassadors to conclude a Peace with France At the same time it was believed the French King resolved to invade Roussillon but Death prevented his Designs He departed this Life at Amboise on the 17th of April 1498. The Duke of Orleans called Luis XII succeeded him At Blois where the New King was and afterwards at Orleans the Treaty of Peace was carried on that King always giving good Words and fair Promises only to gain time till he was settled in the Kingdom and could be divorced from his present Wife Sister to the late King in order to marry the Dutchess of Britany who since the death of the late King her Husband was for returning into her own Country He at last compassed his ends and had by that Dutchess two Daughters only the Eldest of which was married to Francis the Heir of that Crown Before the death of King Charles it was proposed that Caesar Borgia should resign his Cardinal's Cap to which purpose that King promised him an Estate in
He of Burgos delayed whereupon the King sent Peter Navarro with Forces to besiege it and then the Lieutenant submitted as did all the others D. John Manuel by the way of Navarre went into France designing for Germany There only remained the Duke of Najara who fortified that Town and levied Forces hoping the Emperour would soon come and therefore acted in the Name of Prince Charles as his Viceroy To put a stop to these troubles the King set out towards Burgos and from Arcos sent Ferdinand Duke of Strada to require that Duke to deliver up his Forts The Duke excused himself The King leaving the Queen at Arcos because she would not go to Burgos where she lost her Husband went on himself in order to force the Duke Count Peter Navarro was sent with his Forces the Guards and Artillery to seize all the Duke's Estate and his Person Several of the Nobility interposed and the Duke submitted to deliver up many Places of Strength Hereupon the King pardoned the Duke and not long after by degrees restored all those Forts to Duke Antony Manrique Earl of Triveno Son to the Duke To oblige the Duke of Albuquerque the King proposed to marry the Lady Joanna de Aragon Daughter to the Archbishop of Zoragoça to the Dukes eldest Son but this Match did not succeed and she was afterwards married to D. John de Borgia Duke of Gandia The Emperor was much offended at the Kings of France and Spain He complained of the Catholick King for that he had seized upon the Government of Castile without agreeing with him It was reported he would send 3000 Germans to Naples to favour the Pretensions of the Duke of Calabria and it was also suspected that the Great Captain forwarded this Design in hopes to marry his eldest Daughter to the Duke and would accept of the Command of General of the Forces of the Church with a Pension of 6000 Ducats But those were mere Jealousies and soon after the Emperor declared he would break through the Dutchy of Milan and with all his Forces invade the State of Venice The Catholick King took care to secure the Duke of Calabria who was at his Court The Emperor was offended at the King of France for that he supported the Duke of Guelders and had made War in Burgundy at the time that King Ferdinand went into Italy He did not approve of the Conference betwixt the two Kings and took it ill that the Match betwixt Prince Charles and the Princess Claudia was broke off At this time that Lady was contracted to the Duke of Angoulesme Heir to the Crown of France and therefore the Emperor pleaded the Investiture of the Dutchy of Milan according to the Agreement made with King Philip was void The Catholick King valued not the Match thinking by this means to secure Prince Charles the Inheritance of the Kingdom of Naples The King of France not regarding the Emperor's Complaints he thought of marrying Prince Charles to Mary Daughter to the King of England This Match was so far advanced that the Princess's Portion was assigned to be 250000 Crowns and the Time and Place of Marriage appointed It was concluded the Consent of King Ferdinand and Queen Joanna should be asked but the Marriage to be consummated tho they opposed it This Match pleased the King of England yet he was willing to oblige King Ferdinand in hopes himself to marry Queen Joanna The Catholick King gave him good words to secure the Marriage of his Daughter the Princess Catherine with the Prince of Wales But the King of England at the same time delayed in hopes to promote the Match for himself which was a strange Complication of Politicks Death broke off all the King of England's designs Many said King Ferdinand intended to marry Queen Joanna to his Brother-in-law Gaston de Foix to put him in possession of the Kingdom of Navarre to which he pretended a Right and by that means take revenge of the King and Queen of Navarre who had often offended him and lastly in siezing the Estate of of the Earl of Lerin who was married to his Sister and refusing to restore and stand Tryal with him D. John Manuel was come to the Emperor's Court but not so well looked upon as before which he perceiving thought of returning to Spain In order to it he proposed to King Ferdinand either to restore him to his Estate and treat him according to his quality or else to give him leave with his Wife and Children to go to Portugal otherwise he must like a desperate Man do all that he could against him Nothing was granted him and he tho out of favour by his sharp Wit sowed Discord betwixt those two Princes It was also believed Cardinal Bernardin de Carvajal the Pope's Legate at the Emperor's Court did King Ferdinand no good Offices there wherefore the King requested of the Pope that he might be removed and called back to Rome which at last he obtained CHAP. V. The Designs of bringing Prince Charles into Spain King Ferdinand in Andaluzia to settle that Country Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards the Portugueses loosers at Azamor in that part of the World yet relieve Arzila THe Emperor now declared his warlike Preparations were not designed against Naples but against the French in Milan and tho the Pope and King Ferdinand interposed for a Peace or Truce he would not give ear to it unless upon very advantageous Conditions He left the Princess Margaret his Daughter to Govern Flanders in Jan. 1508 marched towards Italy and in February came to Trent There he took the Name of Emperor Elect being till then called King of the Romans His General was the Marquess of Brandenburgh his Forces so small that no great matter could be expected of them The first Hostilities were committed in the Valley of Cadoro subject to the Venetians and the Emperor understanding that 5000 Swiss were going into the French Service returned into Switzerland to prevent it and thence to Luxemburgh because French Forces marched that way Upon his departure most of the Germans at Cadora disbanded and 2000 that remained were defeated by the Venetians The Catholick King tho setled in the Government of Castile thought himself not secure knowing there were many that persisted in their aversness to him Among the rest the Bioshps of Badajoz and Catania signalized themselves having no hopes of Preferment unless the Government were changed The Pope at the King's Suits commissioned the Archbishop of Toledo and Bishop of Burgos to prosecute them He of Badajoz endeavouring to make his escape into Flanders was apprehended near Santander and after being Prisoner some time at Atiença was remitted to the Archbishop of Toledo according to the Pope's Order D. Jayme de Conchillos Bishop of Girachi the King's Ambassador at the Emperor's Court pressed to have Prince Charles sent to Spain to have him bred after the manner of the Country and to secure his Succession but the Emperor
had joined the Turks with 34 Sail. These small Vessels sailing under the Shore the Portugueses descryed only 5 Ships which they thought to belong to Alonso de Albuquerque whom they expected Part of the Enemies Fleet entred the Harbour and that day was spent in Cannonading one another Next day Laurence de Almeyda Attacks Mir Hozem's Admiral Gally but could not grapple by reason it was Ebb and the Enemy lay in shoal Water He sustained much loss because the Enemies Vessel was higher Decked and was himself wounded with Two Darts Pelayo de Sousa and James Perez took each of them one of the Enemies Gallies and thus that day ended The day following Melique came into the Port with his Vessels whereupon the Portugueses at midnight resolved to put out to Sea But the Enemy perceiving them move fell upon them and so pierced the Admiral which was the last that she made much Water and what was worse ran a Ground and the Water Ebbing none of the others could come in to assist her The Enemy Cannonaded her till such time as Laurence de Almeyda being killed with a Cannon-shot and 80 of 100 Men he had the other 20 with the Ship were taken The rest put to Sea and recovered the Port of Cananor whence they sent advice of what had hapned to the Governor This Battle was fought towards the end of the Year Almeyda and Albuquerque came both to Cananor and Albuquerque contending to take upon him the Government according to the King's Order Almeyda sent him Prisoner to Cochin This done he gathered the greatest Fleet he could at Onor burnt several Ships of Calicut destroyed the City Dabul and many Vessels there and on the 5th of January 1509 sailed towards Diu a Port of Cambaya where the Enemy lay Mir Hozem placed himself in shoal-water under the Cannon of the City He had at this time 3 Caracs 3 Galleons 6 Gallies and 4 Ships of Cambaya besides Melique's small Vessels Almeyda had in all 19 Sail and in them 1300 Portugueses and 400 Malabars The Two Fleets Cannonaded one another but could not draw near because the Weather was calm Next day they engaged and after a very bloody Dispute the Portugueses obtained the Victory Of the Enemy 4000 were slain of which number were all the 800 Mamalucs except only 22. Three of their great Ships were sunk besides many small Vessels Two Galleons Two Gallies and Four great Ships were taken The Commanders Mir Hozem and Melique escaped On our side 32 were killed and 300 wounded This done Almeyda returned to Cochin where there was much contention about the Government which was ended by Ferdinand Coutinho who this Year sailed from Lisbon with 15 Ships and Orders to put Alonso de Albequerque in Possession of the Government as was accordingly done From Valladolid the Catholick King went to Arcos where he found the Queen his Daughter so ill Lodged that the last Winter she fell sick through the coldness of the Room she lay in In February he removed her to Tordesillas and with her the Body of her Husband which was afterwards by her Son the Emperor Charles the V buried in the Royal Chapel at Granada The Queen lived out the rest of her days in that Town Queen Joanna's Condition was such she might better be counted among the Dead than the Living Her two Sisters ran different Fortunes The Queen of Portugal lived happy abounding in Riches and having a numerous Issue and this very Year she was delivered of a Son called Alonso who was afterwards a Gardinal but died young The Princess of Wales in England neither Widow nor Wife was hardly used by her Father-in-Law who hoped that way to induce her Father to give him in Marriage his other Daughter Joanna Queen of Castile The King's death which hapned upon the 21st of April for the present put an end to those Discontents Soon after the Match before agreed upon betwixt this Lady and the Prince of Wales after his Father's Death King Henry VIII was consummated That Princess had no Inclination to this Match but it was for the Conveniency of both Kings King Henry was of a graceful Presence but very Lewd especially towards his latter days insomuch that to gratifie his Lust he cast off all Obedience to the Church and made way for all the Confusion that afterwards hapned in that Kingdom Whilst Queen Catherine was yet living tho' he had by her a Daughter called Mary upon pretence she had been married to his Brother and that the Pope could not dispence to marry her he put her away and publickly married Anne of Bullen whom afterwards he convicted of Adultery and executed By her he had Elizabeth afterwards Queen Next he married Jane Seymour who died in Childbed but her Son lived and was called Edward VI. His Fourth Wife was Anne of Cleves from whom he was Divorced and to that purpose made a Law which allowed of Divorces His Fifth Wife was Anne Howard who was put to death for Adultery The last was the Lady Catherine Parr from whom he was not divorced nor had any Children by her death putting an end to his wicked Courses King Ferdinand made publick rejoycing at Valladolid upon the News of the Marriage of his Daughter on Midsummer-day He also agreed that Prince Charles should marry that King's Sister and ordered Gutierre Gomez his Ambassador to Compliment her upon the same At Valladolid Queen Germana was delivered of a Son on the 3d of May he was called John Prince of Aragon but died within a few Hours His Body was deposited in the Monastery of S. Paul in that City and thence translated to Poblete the ancient Burial-place of the Kings of Aragon The Catholick King prepared to make War upon the Venetians and grounded the Justice of his Proceedings principally upon Two Points The first That those Cities the Venetians were possessed of in Apulia were mortagaged to them by Ferdinand II. King of Naples and that they neither performed the Conditions of the Mortgage nor would restore those Places when the Money was tendred to them The second was That the Catholick King had been at a greater Expence either in gaining Cephalonia for that Republick or in the War made upon France on their account and upon promise that they would allow him 50000 Ducats a Year towards the Charge of that War which Debt tho' it had been demanded of them they would never pay nor so much as acknowledge CHAP. VII The Cardinal of Spain takes Oran in Africk The War against the Venetians and their Losses They recover Padua and other Places GReat Preparations were made throughout all Spain for the Conquest of Africk and the Cardinal of Spain did not only furnish Money towards it but designed to go over in Person The Rendezvous of the Forces was at Carthagena Stores of Ammunition and Provisions were made there and at Malaga About 14000 Men were gathered as well Horse as Foot The Principal Commanders were James de
considering how prejudicial to our Affairs the Fort and Bridge of Olivença were being upon the River Guadiana and cutting off our Convoys of Provisions that were to march on this side the River He marched thither with 6000 Foot 2000 Horse and 3 Pieces of Cannon After our Cannon was planted and began to play tho they in the Fort made some shot they surrendred the first day as did those upon the Bridge The Fort was easily razed but there was great difficulty in breaking the Bridge the Matter that cemented it being harder than the Stone it self so that tho the Foot spent 10 days working at it with Pickaxes they must have gone away and left it standing had not means been found to blow it up All the Mills on this side Guadiana that served the Neighbouring Towns were in like manner destroyed Mean while Intelligence being given that the Post was coming from Lisbon to Elvas an Officer was sent with 6 Troopers to intercept it by the way they took a Soldier going to Elvas to carry the News that 1800 Foot were marching to reinforce that place and would the next morning be near Villalvin This Intelligence was immediately carried to the Marquis Molinguen who having computed the time and finding it was practicable to cut them off sent the two Commissary Generals with 1500 Horse and they came so opportunely that of the 1800 Foot they killed 500 and took 200 Prisoners 40 of whom they left by the way being desperately wounded Had there not been a Mountain hard by not one of them had escaped It was afterwards known by some Prisoners that above 350 wounded Men returned the next day to Estremoz In Catalonia the Marquis of Mortara General of the Spanish Forces having suffer'd the Count de Harcour the French Viceroy of Catalonia who had taken Roses to pass the River Segre in his sight was by him in a bloody Battel overthrown and taken Prisoner with 200 of his Officers most of them Men of Quality Andrew Cantelmo with most of the Horse fled to Balaguer whether Harcour pursued and laying Siege to the Town took him in it These things-moved King Philip to recal the Marquis of Leganez out of Estremadura and send him into Catalonia with the Title of Viceroy and Captain-General of that Principality and the Counties of Roussillon and Cerdagne The Marquis of Molinguen General of the Horse was left Commander in chief in Estremadura He to keep his Men in Action upon Tuesday in the Holy Week sent 900 Horse in three Bodies into Portugal to wast the Country They march'd 8 Leagues out-right burning and destroying all the Villages and Gentlemens Houses and brought away 1000 Head of great Cattle and 8000 of small King Philip having given all the necessary Orders for the opening of the Campagne set out of Madrid on the 14th of April with the Prince and came to Pamplona on the 23th of the same Month. There he was received with all the Magnificence and Demonstrations of Duty imaginable D. Gregory Brito Knight of the Order of Calatrava a Portugues and Governor of the City Lerida considering of how great importance it would be to remove the French out of the Castle of Termes a place of such strength that they called it Petit Rochel being six Miles distant from Lerida and three from Balaguer march'd on the 6th of April at midnight from Lerida with a body of Foot and some Horse towards that place Before break of day he assaulted it with such bravery that he made himself Master of it putting most of the Garison to the Sword This done he order'd his Horse to advance and fired some Guns in hopes to draw out the Garison of Balaguer but they stirred not In this Castle of Termes were found 1000 Muskets 500 Suits of Armour 10 pieces of Cannon 10 Boats to make Bridges with the Carts to carry them Tents to the value of 4000 Duccats a great quantity of Merchandize and much Ammunition and Provision this place being one of the Enemies Magazines The French in Garrison at Balaguer thought to carry some Timber and other Materals out of the Ruins of Termes to serve in the Forfications they were raising to which purpose they sent thither 100 Men with Mules for carriage but D. Gregory Brito having notice of it circumvented the whole Party and made them Prisoners without any bloodshed Italy enjoy'd Peace but was now alarm'd with the News of the mighty Maritime Preparations made by the Ottoman Emperor which moved the Viceroys of Sicily and Naples to put themselves into the best posture of Defence they were able The Great Master of Malta sent all over Christendom to summon all the Knights of the Order to repair to him with what Supplies they could The Venetians also judging all those Preparations were made against them omitted nothing that could tend to the securing of their Dominions At last having held all Europe in suspence this mighty Storm fell upon the Island of Candia where the Infidels soon made themselves Masters of the Fort S. Theodore and the City Canea His Holiness this Year in March created nine Cardinals The Duke of Arcos new Viceroy of Naples came to Rome where he was honourably received and splendidly entertain'd by the Pope after which he set forward for Naples Prince Thomas of Savoy entring some Miles into the Dukedom of Milan possessed himself of Roca de Bejeuen but presently retired thence and seiz'd the Castle of Pro and some Hills about it The Marquis of Velada Governor of Milan march'd from Mortara with 7000 Foot and 8 Pieces of Cannon He attack'd the Enemy with such Bravery that they were drove from their places of strength having lost 1500 of their Foot and among them 300 Officers Prince Maurice of Savoy died afterwards of his Wounds and Prince Thomas his Brother received two Musket-shots Anno 1646. Harcour the French Viceroy in Catalonia laid Siege to Lerida a strong and important City upon the River Segre and the Borders of Catalonia and Aragon Before this place he lay five Months hindring all manner of Succours from being put into it The Marquis de Leganes the Spanish General after he had taken several small places to give a diversion to the Enemy and cut off some of their Convoys finding them not quit their Enterprize being joined by the Duke del Infantado and his Army now amounting to 25000 Men resolved to attack the French in their Trenches which accordingly he did and after a hot dispute put them to flight forcing them to take shelter at Balaguer All their Baggage Cannon and great store of Ammunition and Provisions were taken This Victory cost the Spaniards much Blood being forc'd to drive the Enemy out of their Works but the importance of relieving Lerida made amends for all Prince Thomas of Savoy who commanded the French in Italy in May appear'd before the Ports Telamon and S. Stephen with a powerful Fleet and 20000 Men. He soon made
16 Of Gravelling 17 Of Lepanto 21 Bell Rings of it self 89 Berga in Catalonia recovered 72 Brasil recovered 37 Breda taken 37 Bulls for Portugues Bishops refused by the Pope 68 C. Cadiz Plundered by Drake 29 Calais taken 17 Calvin and Beza 19 Caracena Marquess General against Portugal 90. Catalonia Rebels Portugal follows the Example 43 Catherine Queen of Portugal Dies 24 Cazal Besieged 37 Taken 63 Ceremony of Contracting the Spanish Princess to the King of France 90 Cessation of Arms betwixt France and Spain 80 Chaldeans their Conversion 38 Change of Religion in England 7 Charles I. in Spain 2 His Sister Married to Emanuel King of Portugal Is chosen Emperor Crowned 3 Returns into Spain 4 Marries the Sister of the King of Portugal 6 Crowned Emperor 7 Arms against the Turks 8 In France 9 Abdicates 16 Charles II. King of Spain Proclaimed 98 Charles Prince of Wales in Spain 36 Christian League against the Turk 21 Christiern King of Denmark expelled 4 Civil Wars in Swisserland 8 Clement Pope Dies 8 31 Clement IX chosen Pope 93 Collation of great Offices 95 Comet 22 24 Commotions in Portugal 42 Composition betwixt France and Spain 7 Concessions for Reducing Hereticks 13 Condê Prince in Catalonia 46 Conferences for Peace 80 Conspiracy against the French King 27 Conti Prince takes Ville-Franche 68 Conversion of Ethiopia 56 Cortes of Aragon 37 Of Castile 44 Of Aragon and Valencia 44 Cosmo Created Great Duks of Tuscany 21 Council of Trent 11 Openea 12 Breaks up 13 Sunnnoned again 14 Opened again 18 Court at Valladolid 30 D. Dauphin of France Marries the Queen of Scots 17 Death of 2 Kings and a Queen 13 Of 2 Popes 28 Of the Princess Governess of Flanders 39 Defeat of the French in Sardinia 41 Of the French at Valenciennes 73 Diet at Ausburg 7 At Worms 9 Discovery of Cathay and Tibet 36 Disputes about Religion in Germany 10 Betwixt Catholicks and Hereticks 12 About Religion in France 18 Diu Besieged by the Turks 9 Downfall of the Sultans of Egypt 2 Drake attempts Cadiz 27 Plunders the Coast of America 29 Dukes of Savoy and Mantua Die 41 Dunkirk gained 64 Taken by the French and English 76 Dutch and Turks Defeated 36 Dutch in Brazil 36 Routed 42 E. Earthquake 21 32 42 Ebora made an Archbishoprick 10 Edward King of England Dies 15 Elizabeth Queen of England 17 Excommunicated 20 Elizabeth Queen of Spain Dies 44 Emanucl King of Portugal Dies 4 Embassy into England 31 From a Black King 76 Emperor and King of England in League against France 11 Empress Dies 10 Empress in Spain 25 Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Portugal 83 English Fleet Invades Hispaniola 71 Escurial finished 28 Etna Mount 25 Exploits of Mallorquines 75 F. Ferdinand King of Spain Dies 1 Ferdinand chosen King of the Romans 7 Ferdinand Prince Archbishop of Toledo 34 Feria Duke in Alsace 39 Final betrayed 31 Floods 37 Francis King of France taken by the Imperalists 5 Released 6 French King in Italy 1 French King and Emperor meat 9 French King's Sister Married to the Prince of Navarre 22 French King takes Towns in Flanders 93 French and Turks take Nice 11 French in Biscay 4 Invade Savoy 9 In Lorrain 38 Overthrown 42 Join with the Rebels 43 In Italy 46 Decline in Catalonia 58 In Catalonia with the Rebels 65 Pass the Pyreneans 67 Join with the English 74 Obliged to quit the Siege of Alexandria 74 Begin the War in Flanders 93 Galeons destroyed 71 General defection of the Low-Countries 24 Great Eclipse 11 Great Flooas 16 43 and 76 Great Jubilee 30 Great Tax 31 Gregorian Account 25 Gregory Pope Dies 26 Gregory XV. Pope 35 Dies 36 Guize Duke Murdered by the Huguenots 18 Guize Duke put to death 27 Guize Duke set at Liberty 69 Gustavus Adolphus 38 Killed 39 H. Hard Winter 44 Henry King of Navarre 2 Henry the Cardinal King of Portugal 24 Dies 25 Henry III. King of France Murdered by Clement 28 Henry IV. King of France Murdered by Ravillac 32 Heresie of Martin Luther 2 Hereticks at the Council of Trent 14 Huguenot Rebels twice overthrown 20 James Prince of Spain Dies 26 Jesuits Confirmed by the Pope 10 Jesuits Murdered 20 Innocent X. Pope Dies 69 Innundations in Flanders 7 John III. King of Portugal Marries the Emperors-Sister 5 Dies 16 D. John of Austria at Tunez 22 Made Vicar of Italy 23 In the Low-Countries 24 D. John of Austria at Sea 46 At the Siege of Barcelona 53 Takes Solsona 72 Sent for Flanders 73 Takes S. Gillain 73 Commands against Portugal 87 83 Takes Aronches and other Places 83 Enters Portugal Takes Borba and Iurumenha 86 Takes Ebora and is Routed 95 Is Lord Lieutenant and Captain General of Aragon 94 Jubilee Year at Rome 37 57 Julius III. Elected Pope 14 Dies 15 K. King of France Dies 23 L. Landresi taken by the French 41 League against the Turks 9 Dissolved 22 Leganez Marquess in Savoy 41 Leganez Marqess destroys many Moors about Oran 15 Leo IX Pope Dies 4 Leo X. chosen Pope 5 Leo XI shosen Pope 31 Leopold the Archduke in Champagne 57 Lerida Recovered 44 Lerma Duke leaves the Government 33 Low-Countries Conspire against Spain 23 M. Malta Besieged by the Turks 19 Mamora taken 32 Marcellus chosen Pope and Dies 15 Margaret King Philip IV. Daughter Married to the Emperor 95 Marriages of Princes 32 Marriage of the Princess of Spain to the Fr. King 90 Martin Luther's Death 12 Martyrdoms in Japan 36 Mary Queen of Portugal Dies 2 Mary Queen of England Marries Philip Prince of Spain 15 Dies 17 Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned 19 Murdered 27 Mary Princess Born 31 Maximilian the Emperor Dies 3 Maximilian Governour of Spain 13 Medices expelled Florence 6 Restored 7 Monserrat Invaded by the Spaniards 47 Monstrous Birth 39 Montmidi Surrendred to the French 74 Moriscoes Rebell in Spain 20 Banished 32 Mortara Marquess attacks the French and is repulsed 76 Mortality 28 Murder Commited by a Woman 92 Mutiniers Punished 28 N. Naples Besieged 6 Navarre Pacified 1 Over-run by the French 3 Netherlands given to the Princess Elizabeth 22 New Governour in the Low-Countries 22 New Passage into the South Sea 33 F. Nitard sent from Court 94 O. Olivenca taken from the Portugues 44 Orange Prince Heads the Rebels in Holland 20 Wounded 25 Killed 26 Ormuz taken by the Persians 36 Ossuna Duke makes an Irruption into Portugal 77 His Actions there 84 Again in Portugal 95 Overthrow of the French 5 45 Of the Saxons 13 Overtures of Peace betwixt Spain and Portugale 91 P. Pantheon finished 67 Parma Prince successful against the Rebels in the Low-Countries 26 Paul III. Pope Dies 14 Paul IV. Pope 15 Paul V. Pope Dies 37 Peace betwixt France and Spain 17 Betwixt Spain and England 31 With Oliver Cromwell 70 Concluded 89 Concluded with Portugal 94 Penol in Africk taken 19 Perfidious Act of Portugueses 70 Pemambuco taken by the Dutch 38 Perpignan taken by the French 43
the XIth succeeds Mighty Divisions throughout Spain 1304. K. Denis of Portugal as Arbitrator reconciles Oustile and Aragon 1305. Roger Lauria the great Admiral Clement the Vth. chosen Pope Houses of Haro and Lara reconcil'd Discord among the Moors 1309 Castile and Aragon in League against the Moors Ceuta taken The Infidels twice overthrown Gibraltar taken The Moorish K. of Granada depos'd Queen Blanch of Aragon dies A general Council held at Vienne in Dauphine The Knights Templers destroy'd Possessions of the Templers in Spain 1310 1311 Prince Alonso of Castile has Birth 1312. War with the Moors A wonderful Judgment Ferdinand the IVth King of Castile dies Alonso not 13 Months old declar'd King of Castile â—rago dies The young King kept by the Citizens of Avila 1313. The Moors of Granada expel their new King 1314. The Cortes settle the Government of Castile Turks their Original Growth Ottoman Founder of the Empire of that Name Actions of the Catalonians in Greece They overthrow the Turbs Thier General put to Death They defeat the Greeks They fall out among themselves 1315 Luis King of France dyes and Philip succeeds 1316 John the XXth chosen Pope Infidels defeated by Prince Peter of Castile 1316 1317 Knights of Montesa in Aragon and of Christ in Portugal 1318 1319 Two extraordinary Accidents The death of the Princes of Castile Peter John Jayme heir of Aragon abdicates Several places taken by the Moors Several Governors chosen in the Provinces of Castile 1320 1321 Biscainers and Navarrois at War 1322 A Spanish Synod held at Valladolid King of Granada murder'd King Alonso of Castile enters upon the Government The Rebels associate The form of Association Sardinia conquered by the Aragonians 1324 1325 Denis K. of Portugal dies St. Elizabeth Queen of Portugal Alonso K. of Portugal Rebels of Castile punished 1327. Jayme the IId King of Aragon dies Alonso the IVth succeeds 1328. Occasion of Wars betwixt France and England Castile at War with the Moors Several Places in Castile Rebel 1329 Accord betwixt Aragon Castile and Portugal Affairs of Navarre Acts of the Cortes at Madrid 1330. Overthrow of the Moors Several Places taken from them Description of Africk Mahomet K. of Granada in Africk Alonso de la Cerda rightful K. of Castile submits to Alonso 1332 Order of the Belt instituted 1333 War with the Moors Mahomet King of Granada murder'd 1334 Rebels suppress'd in Castile 1335 Christian Kings of Spain at variance Castilans overthrow the Aragonians and Navarrois 1336. Alonso the IVth K. of Aragon dyes Rebellion of Castro and Albuquerque in Castile Rebels of Castile harden'd 1337. Castilians overthrow the Portuguses at Sea 1337. Frederick King of Sicily dies 1338. Preparations for War Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon Territories of the Moors ravaged 10000 Moors slain with their King Synod at Barcelona 470000 Moors invade Spain The Christian Fleet destroy'd by the Moors Tarifa besieg'd by the Moors The Battle of Salado 200000 Infidels slain Particulars of the successes The Kings after the Victory return to Sevil. Progress of the Christians against the Moors 1341 1342 The defeats of the Infidels at Sea Algezira besieg'd Attempts of the Infidels to Murder the King of Castile 1343. Algezira Siege continu'd Succours from England and other Parts Robert K. of Naples dies 1344. Algezira surrender'd Majorca subdued by the Aragonians 1344. The K. of Majorca delivers himself to him of Aragon Earthquake at Lisbon 1345. Troubles in Aragon 1346. 1347 K. Peter the IV. of Aragon marry'd 1348 Universal Plague Dissention among the Knights of Calatrava Canary Islands 1349 Confusions in Africk Cortes held at Alcalà Places that sent representatives to the Cortes oâ— Parliament Gibraltar besieg'd Castile and Aragon joyn in a League 1350. K. Alonso of Castile dies Peter declared K. of Castile K. Peter Sick and recovers Biscay united â—o the Crown of Castile 1351 Interviews of Kings Blanch Daughter to the Duke of Bourborn contracted to K. Peter of Castile 1352 Seditions arise in the Dominions of Castile Da. Marâ— de Padilla Mistress to King Petir 1353 King Peter marries K. Peter forsakes his Queen for Da. Moria de Padilla K. Peter changeth his Officers 1354 He punishes Rebels K. Peter marries another and forsakes her his first Wife still living Moorish K. of Granada murdered Expedition against Sardinia K. of Aragon makes Peace in Sardinia Progress of the rebellion in Castile Treaty betwixt the K. and his Rebels Queen Mother joyns the Rebels 1355 K. of Navarre murders the Constable of France Pr. Peter of Portugal marries the Lady Agnes de Castro She is murder'd K. Peter punishes Rebels Toro taken by K. Peter Infamous Life and Death of the Queen Mother of Castile War betwixt Castile and Aragon The Causes of the War Victory of the English at Poitiers 1356 1357 Towns taken on both sides Alonso the IIId K. of Portugal dies Peter King of Portugal Rebellion of the Bastards of Castile Moors called by the Christians to their assistance 1358 Rebels punished Era of Cesar abolished 1359 Expedition of King Peter by Sea The Rebels defeat the Royalists 1360 Various accidents Peter K. of Portugal executes the Murderers of the Lady Agnes de Castro Constance the K. of Aragon's Daughter marry'd to the K. of Sicily 1361. Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon Blanch Q. of Castile dies Da. Maria de Padilla dies Peter of Portugal declares his Children Legitimate Presumption of a Legate 1362. Victory of the Moors over the Christians The Moorish K. of Granada wrongfully put to Death Castile and Navarre join in League Da. Maria de Padilla declared by King Peter his lawful Wife 1363. Castile in League with England John K. of France dies Charles the Vth succeeds Constance Qu. of Sicily dies 1364 Confederation against Castile Bernard de Cabrera cruelly put to death 1365 Foreigners come to serve Count Henry 1366 Henry the Bastard proclaims himself K. of Castile Castile divided King Peter expelled the Kingdom King Peter flies to the English War of Navarre Articles betwixt K. Peter and the Prince of Wales 1367. Peter King of Portugal dies Ferdinand K. of Protugal The English pass the Perineans in defence of K. Peter The Battle of Najara Henry routed K. Peter restored Sixteen put to Death for Treason K. Peter excommunicated and absolved The French support Henry the Bastard Henry returns into Spain 1368 K. Peter provides for his defence K. Peter overthrown 1369 Betrayed and Murdred by his Bastard Brother Several pretenders to Castile Martin Lopez faithful to K. Peter Affairs of Aragon Sardinia Of Navarre Henry the Usurper finds many Enemies 1370 Treachery rewarded Allyance betwixt Portugal and Aragon Carmona besieged by the Usurper 1371 Henry the Bastard takes Carmona and breaks the Articles Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal Ferdinand of Portugal marries the Lady Ellmor de Meneses The Pope returns to Rome Victory at Sea of the Spaniards and French over the English War betwixt Castile and Portugal 1373. Peace betwixt
Spain Siena given to the Duke of Florence War renewed betwixt France and Spain John III. King of Portugal dies Battel of S. Quintin Great Floods Plague Calis taken Dauphin of France Marries the Queen of Scots Battel of Graveling Mary Qu. of England dies Elizabeth Queen of England Peace betwixt Fra. and Spain K. Philip Marries his third Wife Philip returns into Spain Pius IV. chosen Pope Spaniards worsted by the Turks Rebellion in France Disputes about Religion in France Council of Trent again opened 22 Gallies cast away Duke of Guise murder'd by the Hugonots Spaniards at the Council of Trent Calvin and Beza Penol in Africk taken Malta besieged by the Turks Synods in Spain Pius V. chosen Pope Solyman dies before Sigeth Rebellion of the Low Countries Queen of Scots Imprison'd Duke of Alva Governor of the Low-Countries Rebels in France besiege Paris Prince of Orange heads the Rebels in Holland Morisco's Rebel in Spain Hugonots twice over thrown Qu. Elizabeth Excommunicated Jesuits murder'd Cosmo created D. of Tuscany Earthquake Christian League against the Turk Battel of Lepanto Pope Pius dies French K's Sister married to the Prince of Navarre Several Places in the Low-Countries revolt League against the Turk dissolved Venetians make Peace with the Turk D. John of Austria at Tunez A Comet A new Governor in the Low-Countries King of France dies D. John made Vicar of Italy Archb. of Toledo condemned The Low-Countries conspire against Spain Antwerp plunder'd D. John in the Low Countries Catherine Q. of Portugal dies A Comet Birth of P. Philip. Sebastian K. of Portugal slain with all his Army in Africk General Defection of the Low Countries D. of Alenson in the Low Countries Cardinal Henry K. of Portugal Mount Etna Henry K. of Portugal dies Duke of Alva reduces Portugal Queen of Spain dies Alenson Heads the Rebels in the Low Countries Prince of Orange wounded Synod at Toledo Gregorian Account The Empress in Spain Antony the Bastard of Portugal vanquished Pr. James of Spain dies Alençon returns into France Prince of Orange killed Pr. Philip sworn Heir of Spain Duke of Savoy in Spain Pope Gregory dies Sixtus V. chosen Prince of Parma successful against the Rebels in the Low-Countries Conspiracy against the French King Q. of Scots murder'd Sr F. Drake attempts Cadiz 30000 Germans in France Spanish Armada against England destroyed Duke of Guise put to Death Henry III. King of France murder'd by Clement Antony the Bastard with the English Fleet at Portugal Escuriall finish'd Death of two Popes Mortality Antony Perez his Sufferings Mutiniers punish'd Tumults in Aragon appeas'd K. Philip aspires to the Crown of France Quiroga Archbishop of Toledo Archduke Albertus governs the Netherlands Valladolid made a Bishoprick Sir Francis Drake plunders the Coasts of America Cadiz plundred by Drake Amiens taken by the Spaniards Netherlands given to the Princess Elizabeth K. Philip the 2d dies Marriage of K. Philip the 3d. Great Jubilee The Court at Valladolid Birth of the Princess Ann. Final betrayed Embassy into England Peace betwixt Spain and England concluded Pope Clement dies Leo the 11. succeeds Birth of P. Philip. Princess Mary born A great Tax P. Philip sworn heir of Spain Truce with the Dutch Rebels St. Ignatius beatified Henry IV. King of France murder'd Alarache in Africk taken Morisco's banish'd Queen of Spain dies Marriages of Princes An Earthquake Mamora taken War of Savoy and Mantua Pr. Philip Marries the French K's Sister New Passage into the South-Sea Victory over the Hollanders Duke of Lerma leaves the Government K. Philip in Portugal Pr. Ferdinand Archbishop of Toledo Philip III. dies Pope Paul dies Gregory 15th succeeds Philip the 3d dies Philip 4th succeeds Two Sea Fights Rod. Chalderon beheaded Martyrdoms in Japan P. Gregory dies Vrban the 8th chosen Charles P. of Wales in Spain Ormuz taken by the Persians Discovery of Cathay and Tibet Conversion of Ethiopia Dutch in Brasil Dutch and Turks defeated Jubilee at Rome Breda taken Brasil recovered Cortes of Aragon Floods Persecution in Japan Cazal besieged Birth of P. Balthasar Theatines in Spain War in Italy Gustavus Adolphus French in Lorain Pernambuco taken by the Dutch Conversion of Chaldeans A Fire at Madrid Gustavus Adolphus kill'd Death of the Princess Governess of Flanders Duke of Feria in Alsace Wallestein Executed Monstrous Birth War betwixt Fra. and Spain Spaniards take Towns in Picardy Places in Guienne taken Storm of Wind and Rain Defeat of the French in Sardinia Ships taken Landresi taken by the French Marquis de Leganez in Savoy Dukes of Savoy and Mantua die Commotions in Portugal Dutch routed French twice over thrown An Earthquake Roussillon invaded by the French Catalonia rebels Portugal follows the Example The French join with the Rebels Perpignan taken by the French Great Floods Lerida recovered Elizabeth Q. of Spain dies Cortes of Aragon Valencia A hard Winter Cortes of Castile Olivença taken from the Portugueses Spaniards overthrown in Catalonia Castle of Termes taken Overthrow of the French French in Italy Places in the Low-Countries taken by the French Pr. Balthasar dies D. John of Austria at Sea Prince of Conde in Catalonia Montferrat invaded by the Spaniards Truce with Holland Rebellion of Naples Troubles of France Actions in Portugal Courtray taken Ipres delivered to the French Cambray relieved Charles K. of England murder'd Cromwel's Embassador in Spain killed Portolongone taken English Fleet before Lisbon Catalonians return to their Duty Tortosa taken Leopold the Archduke in Champagne Year of Jubilee Castle of Alcaraz surprzed Spanish Ambassador received by the Rebels in England French decline in Catalonia Queen of Spain delivered of a Daughter D. John of Austria at the Siege of Barcelona Feast of S. Rosalia Barcelona recovered Portugueses worsted Cazal taken Taking of Gravelin Dunkirk also gained Turenne overthrown by Conde Succours sent the French Rebels by the Spaniards French invade Catalonia with the Rebels Small Encounters in Portugal Repulfe of the French Pantheon finished French pass the Pyreneans Bulls for Portugues Bishops refused by the Pope Prince of Conti takes Ville Franche Duke of Lorrain apprehended Portugues Ambassador's Brother in England beheaded Pope Innocent X. dies Duke of Guise set at liberty Turks before Candia Perfidious Act of the Portugueses Peece with Oliver Cromwell English invade Hispaniola Ships taken Galleons destroyed Berga in Catalonia recovered D. John of Austria takes Solfona Pope Alexander VII chosen D John of Austria sent for Flaudert Defeat of the French at Valenciennes D. John takes S. Gillain French and English join Montmidy surrendred to the French Plague at Naples French obliged to quit the Siege of Alexandria Exploits of Mallorquins Spanish West India Fleet burnt by Blake Dunkirk taken by the French and English Great Floods Embassie from a Black King Marquess of Mortara attacks the French and is repulsed Duke of Ossuna makes an Irruption into Portugal Badajoz besieged by the Portugueses Badajoz relieved Posture of Affairs in Flanders Cessation of Arms betwixt France and Spain Conferences for Peace Peace Concluded A Bell Rings of it self K. Philip goes with the Princess his Daughter to the Frontiers Ceremony of Contracting the Princess The marriage of the Princess D. John of Austria commands against Portugal He takes Aronches and other Places Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Portugal Duke of Ossima his Actions in Portugal Prince Philip dies A terrible Storm Riches of the Spanish Fleet. Marquess de Leganez destroys many Moors about Oran War betwixt the Venetians and Tarks Turks enter Transilvania A Prodigy D. John of Austria enters Portugal He takes Borba and Juramenha D. John takes Evora and i◠afterwards routed Duke of Ossuna again in Portugal The K.'s Daughter Margaret married to the Emperor War betwixt the Emperor and the Turk Slaughter of the English Garison at Tangier Marques de Caracena General against Portugal K. Phil IV. dies K. Charles II of Spain proclaimed Overtures of Peace betwixt Spain and Portugal Queen Regent of Portugal dies Alarache in vain attempted by the Moors A murder committed by a Woman Turkish Fleet beaten The French begin the War in Flanders French Kingtakes Towns in Flanders Pope Alexander the 7th dies Clement the 9th chosen Rogusa destroyed by an Earthquake Peace concluded with Portugal Alonso K. of Portugal imprisoned by his Brother K. Alonso of Portugal sent to the Island Tercera D John of Austria Ld. Lieutenant and Capt. General of Aragon F. Nitard sent from Court Collation rf great Officers