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A65095 A pleasant and compendious history of the first inventers and instituters of the most famous arts, misteries, laws, customs and manners in the whole world together with many other rarities and remarkable things rarely known, and never before made publick : to which is added, several curious inventions, peculierly attributed to England & English-men, the whole work alphabetically digested and very helpful to the readers of history.; De rerum inventoribus. English Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581. 1686 (1686) Wing V598; ESTC R21854 60,337 192

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who cannot prove their Nobility by three Descents at least The Sixth Order is of the Bath brought first into England 1399 by Henry the Fourth they are Created at the Coronation of Kings and Queens and at the Installation of the Princes of Wales Their Duty is to Defend true Religion Widdows Maids Orphans and to maintain the Kings Rights Obelisci or Pyramids which may be called long broches or Spires were great and huge stones in Aegypt made by Masons from the bottom smaller and smaller of a large length they were consecrated to the Sun because they were long much like to the beams of the Sun The First of them was instituted by Mitres who reigned in Heliopolis being commanded by avision to make it and so it was recouded and written on the same King Bochis set up four that were every one of them 48 Cubits long Ramesis in whose time Troy was destroyed reared up one Forty cubits in length and another of 819 Foot and every side was four cubits broad Ptolomeus Philadelphus made one at Alexandria of four cubits And Pheron set up two in the Temple of the Sun of a hundred cubits length a piece and four cubits broad on this occasion it fortuned that this King for a great crime that he had commited was stricken blind and continued so ten years and after by Revelation at the City Bucis it was told him that he should receive his sight if he washed his Eyes with the water of a Woman that was never defiled with any strange Man but was alwayes content with her Husband First he tryed his own Wife and afterwards many others till at last he received his sight and Married her by whose Urine he was healed and was recovered and all the other with his first Wife he caused to be burnt Afterwards for a remembrance he made his Oblation with the two aforesaid Pyramids in the Temple of the Sun Augustus Caesar brought two of these Broches or Spires to Rome and set one in the great Tiltyard or Lists called Circus The other he set up in the field called Campus Martius Ointments Pliny is of opinion that they were used long before the Battel of Troy for Jacob sent to his Son Joseph in Aegypt Ointments and Moses that was three hundred and fifty years before the Siege of Troy maketh mention of Ointments concerning the Sanctification of the Tabernacle and the Priests of the Old Testament Pliny and Solinus report that Alexander when he conquered the Army of Darius found amongst other Jewels spoiles and things of value a Casket of Ointments that he highly esteemed of But Herodotus affirms that they were frequently used long before Darius time For Cambyses Son to Cyrus sent Ambassadors to Aethiopus King of the Macrobians with great presents whereof a Box of Ointments was one It is not certain when they first were used in Rome but I find in Pliny that the five hundred sixty fifth year of the City Antiochus being Vanquished P. Licinus Crassus and Julius Cesar then Censors commanded that no Forraign or Strange confection of Ointments should be sold in the City The Original of the Heathen Gods as the Scripture hath it Ephes 6. was When the Spirits of the air the Rulers of this World began to give Prophetical answers out of Images made to resemble mortal men and by their wicked Subtlety did pretend themselves sometimes to be of the Number of good Spirits sometimes Coelestial Gods sometimes the Souls of Valiant Lords they brought Men into such error and perplexity that in a short space they did alienate their hearts from the Religion and Reverence of the true God and so deluded them as to make them to repare to them for help and to inquire their Oracles and Answers which of purpose had doubtful understandings least their Ignorance should be perceived By these deceitful means they were by divers Nations Deified and sundry people after divers manners chose them for Gods and with great reverence Worshiped them These spirits of the Air that gave such doubtful answers to them that euquired any question of them were at the comming of our Saviour Christ all destroyed For when he was carried into Aegypt which was a Countrey full of Superstition and Idolatry all the Idols of that Nation were overthrown and Fell to the ground at his comming And in the time of Adrian the Emperour both their wicked Sacrifices were abolished and also the Oracles of Appollo at Delphos of Jupiter Hammon in Aegypt with the like vanities were subverted The Opinions of the Philosophers concerning the birth of Man Were divers Diodorus recordeth that they spake of two sundry manners of birth and first stock of Mankind for they which contend that the World was not generate and without any danger of Corruption say also that Man hath been in a certain Perpetuity without Beginning Of this Opinion were Pythagoras Xenocrates and Aristotle with other Peripateticks affirming that all things in the Eternal World which have been or shall hereafte come to pass are by Generation endless and without Beginning and have only a circuit or course of Generations wherein both the Birth and natural resolution of things may be perceived Others suppose this World had both an Original cause of Being and shall also end by Putrefaction they hold Opinion that Man had a time of his Generation P PHYSICK some referr the invention of it to Appollo because the moderate heat of the Sun seems to be the repeller of all Sickness Others attribute the finding of it to the Aegyptians but the enlarging of it to Aesculapius who besides other more rare Experiments found out the way of drawing of Teeth In Rome Archagathus of Peloponesus was the first Physitian In Aegypt and Babylon they used no Physitians but brought the Sick Persons into the Streets Publick places that so the Passengers might tell them what manner of Medicine or Dyet was good for them neither was it Lawful for any Man to pass by till that he had spoke with the Patient Afterwards the Aegyptians did so distribute the Art of Physick that every Disease had a distinct Physition to look after it one for the Head another for the Eyes others for other parts according as they excelled Of Medicines made by Herbs we have already in another place in part discoursed Chiron the Son of Saturn as he was reported to have been so knowing in the virtue of Herbs may be Accounted to have been one of the first inventers of Salves for Wounds and Sores he found out the Herb called Centaurie wherewith he cured the Wound that he had received from Hercules's Arrows falling on his Feet as he was handling of his Quiver Mercury found out the use of Moly and Achilles the virtue of Yarrow Medicines made with Honey were from Sol the Son of Oceanus several Herbs also very necessary for Medicines were discerned from those cures Beasts out of an instinct of Nature made on themselves Dittany by the Hare which being Wounded
proceedeth from the Ice extreamly frozen who first found it out is unknown Crowns or Garlands Moses made many of them and he was many years before Bacchus of whom Pliny writes that he did invent and wear the first Garland made of Ivy on his Head and afterwards it grew to be a custome that when they Sacrificed to any of their Gods they were to be Crowned with a Garland so was the oblation also At the first the manner was in all Plays and Sacrifices to make Garlands of Boughs of Trees And after they were garnished with variety of flowers among the Siconians by Pausias and Gliceria his Lemman not long after Winter Garlands that he called Aegyptian which were made of Wood or Ivory died with many colours began to be worne And in process of time they made Crowns of Brazen plates guilt or covered with Silver called for their thinness Garlands Lastly Craesus the rich did first set forth in his Game shews or Crowns with Silver or Golden Leaves and consequently there were invented several sorts of Crowns as the Triumphant Crown that the Emperour or grand Commander ware in his Triumph this was first made of Olive and afterwards of Gold The Murall and Wall Crown that was given to him that first scaled the Walls The Camp Crown that was the reward of him that first adventured Valiantly into the Camp of his Enimies The Navall or Sea Crown that was set on his Head that first Boarded his Enimies Ship And all these were of Gold The Obsidional Crown that was worn of him that delivered a City Beseiged it was composed of Grass There was also a Civill Crown which was a Sovereignty which a Citizen gave to him that had valiantly preserved him from his Enemies this was made of Oken Branches And this manner of Crown the Athenians did first devise and gave it to Pericles There were moreover Crowns of Pearls French Crowns and Garlands composed of the Ears of Corn which as Pliny writeth were first in use amongst the Romans Garlands made of Cinnamon Woven and Embossed with Gold Vespasian did first consecrate in the Capitoll in the Temple of Peace In some space of time the excess of Crowns grew to be such that the Grecians in their Banquets Crowned both their Heads and their Cups also whereof the Jonians were Authors Pliny writes that with one of these sorts of Crowns Cleopatria empoisoned Antonie And Artaxerxes is also said to have used Crowns of Garlands in his Feasts Citties the occasion of Building of them is thus reported For when men as is said before had gathered themselves into several Cottages they lived in distinct Houses which made them begin to think of gathering wealth for the support of their Families But seeing themselves daily robed and spoil'd by those that were stronger they were forced to joyn themselves together in a Company and to dwell within a certain compass of ground which they either Walled or Trenched about Afterwards it is said that Cecrops built Athens and by his own name called it Cecrepia Phoroneus built Argos though the Aegyptians affirm that Diopspolis was long before Trason first made Walls and Towers But Josephus says that Cain was the first that built a City and called it Enochia after the name of his Son Enoch and after the dayes of Noah by the advice of Nimrod there were certain men that built a very high Tower which was called Babel Tents were invented by Jabal the Son of Lamech Among the Phenicians they were found out by Seculus Houses of Clay were first invented by Doxins the Son of Gellius who took his example from the Swallows Nests Brick building was invented by Eurialus and Hyperbolus brethren at Athens though others attribute it to Resta the Daughter of Saturn Tile and Slate were the invention of Synarus of Agriopa in the Isle of Cyprus Quarries were invented by Cadmus in Thebes But the invention of such Arts is more fitly thought to be referred to Cain or the posterity of Seth who made two pillars one of Brick the other of Stone Notwithstanding 't is not denyed but those aforesaid Persons began their inventions in the Countries where they lived Marble was used in building by the Nobility of Rome for to shew the costly magnificence so that Scaurus being a publick Officer in Rome caused 360 Marble Pillars to be carried for the making of one Stage whereon an Enterlude was to be plaid Lucius Crassus was the first that had Pillars of Marble Lepidus made the Gates of his House of Numidian Marble In Graving Marble Dipoenus Scilus was the first that flourished before the Reign of King Cyrus in Persia D DICTATOR or great Master in Rome Largius was Created the first which Office was of the highest in Authority and as Dionisius believeth it was taken out of the Greeks amongst whom Elymnetae had the same power that the Dictator had in Rome T. Livius referred the Original of them to the Albanes and the Carthaginians had also their Dictators This Magistrate was never used saving in great dangers of the Common-wealth and it continued but six Months during that power all other Magistrates were Abrogated except the Tribunate or the Frovostship of the Commons The Consuls duty was to name and proclaim him and that no time but in the Night The Decemviri or the Rule of ten men endured amongst the Romans but for three years by reason of the outragious Lust of Appius Claudius against the Maid Virginea they were deposed and Consuls whom we have formerly mentioned supplyed their room in the 310 year of the City in their place instead of Consuls were chosen Marshals or Provosts of Armies whom they named Tribunus Aulus Sempronius Attacinus L Attilius Longus and T. Cecilius Siculus Democracie began in Rome when the Authority of the Commons became daily more Seditious and confedracies encreased in such a manner that C. Cunues so brought it about and ordered it that the Commonality Married with the Nobility and the Tribunes by their earnest instance and suit caused that the high Officers were permitted to them of the common sort At the year 355 of the building of the Citty P. Licinus Caluus was made Tribune of the Armie the 389th year L. Sextus Lateranus attained the Consulship the 399th year Cains Marcus Lateranus was created Dictator From this manner of Government it was by Sylla and Marius brought to one Ruler or Prince again thus hath Rome had all kinds of Administration of the Common-wealth Divination is reckoned to be of two sorts the one Natural the other Artificial Natural is that which is occasioned by a natural commotion or stirring of the mind which happens sometimes to men when they are asleep sometimes by a kind of fury or rapture of the mind as it was with the Sybils of the same nature were the oracles of Appollo and Jupiter Hammon Artificial those which proceed from conjectures old considerations and observance of the entrails of Beasts flying of Birds