heavier on the Knights Templars To this purpose at the instigation of the King those Knights were charged with most heinous Crimes and their great Master with Sixty Knights were publickly burnt at Paris to the astonishment of all the World The Pope had sent Orders to all Parts that these Knights should every where be apprehended on the same Day but the Kings of Castile Aragon and Portugal obeyed not esteeming the merits of that Noble Order above the unjust Commands of a Byassed Pope Yet after much Debate the Order was wholly suppressed their greatest Crime being their Riches which nevertheless in Spain were for the most part bestowed on the Knights Hospitallers of St. John now called the Knights of Malta But King Denis begged of the Pope that the Revenues of the Knights Templars in Portugal might be given to a new Order of Knighthood he then instituted to serve against the bordering Moors His suit being granted this Year 1310. was erected the Order of Knights of our Saviour Jesus Christ 131◠the King besides the possessions of the Templars bestowing on it several Towns and Churches that were in his gift This from time to time has been so increased that at present the Order enjoys a Revenue of about 500000 Duccats divided into 500 Commendaries to Encourage Gentlemen with this reward to the Conquest of Africk At present those thoughts are quite laid aside and those Revenues are almost become Hereditary Many of the Knights Templars being found innocent were admitted to this New Order and a Master of it created At first these Knights were obliged not to Marry but that vow was abolished in the time of King Emanuel by Pope Alexander VI. 9. King Denis King Denis at 〈◊〉 with his Son in his latter Days had much Contention with his Son Prince Alonso This Prince took for the occasion of his Disgust the great Favour that Duke Alonso Sanchez and Count John Alonso the King's Bastard Sons were in with him Having drawn Peter another Bastard Brother to his Party the Prince presumed to ask of the King to resign to him the Power of the Administration of Justice Being justly denied so unreasonable a Demand he drew over his Mother-in-Law Queen Mary to assist him towards obtaining his desires by Force to which purpose she asked leave of his Father for him to come to her into Castile and being refused the Prince went to her to Cuidad Rodrigo against his Fathers Consent Being returned to Portugal the Queen sent to demand of the King what he had before refused to his Son and now again denied to her This Project failing the Prince contrived by his Servants an Information to be drawn as if left by a Man that died at Magaula containing a Design of the Elder Bastard the King 's chiefest Favourite to Poyson the Prince A Copy of the false Information he sent to the King who having examined the matter found it was a piece of Forgery Being again disappointed he perswaded some of his Followers to Murder Alonso Sanchez saying his Father negotiated with the Pope to exclude him the lawful Heir and leave the Crown to a Bastard but he in this did not succeed neither All these practices failing the Prince betook himself to open Hostility robbing the King 's Loyal Subjects ravishing Women sacrilegiously ransacking Monasteries killing Giraldus Bishop of Evora and committing many other Enormities without the reach of Justice as acted under the Heir of the Crown The Prince proceeds in his Disobedience 10. The King advertised Pope John XX. of his Son's Disobedience and he dispatched his Bulls admonishing him to desist from force and submit to his Father but all to no effect For he gathering a number of Criminals and Out-laws pretended to go in Pilgrimage to the Church of St. Vincent without Lisbon designing to surprize that City The King having timely Advice of it hasted thither to prevent him and the Queen after him to Mediate betwixt the Father and the Son The Prince thus prevented turned away towards Sintra and his Father after him Both Bodies stood as if they designed to give Battle but on a sudden the Son marched off and tho' the King might have overtaken him he persued not Being come to Coimbra the Prince sent away his Princess to Alcanizes in Castile and then gave out that his Father intended to kill him After disabusing the World of the falsehood of that Report his Father declared all such as should adhere to the Son Traitors and knowing that the Inhabitants of Leyria had entertained him he hasted thither where Nine of the chief as Rebels had their Hands and Feet cut off and were afterwards burnt The Prince went away to Santarem and flying thence before his Angry Father possessed himself of the Castle of Coimbra of Monte-Mayor the Old of Feira Gaga and Porto whither came to him his Bastard-Brother Peter out of Castile Guimaraens was defended against him by Mem Rodriguez de Vasconcelos In the mean while the King laid Siege to Coimbra which obliged the Prince to quit Guimaraens and return to relieve that City Here were to be seen all the usual dire effects of Civil Wars The Holy Queen Elizabeth ceased not to pass betwixt the Two Armies mediating for a Reconciliation 1323. which at last she compassed the King giving to the Prince the Cities of Porto and Coimbra and the Old Town of Monte-Mayor with some additional Revenue Pardon was given on both sides and the Prince took an Oath to be Obedient to his Father for the future But notwithstanding this reconciliation the Prince pressed his Father to call the Cortes or Parliament and yet would not be present at it but went from Santarem towards Lisbon with armed Troops The King came out in the like manner commanding him to return which he refusing 1324. the Trumpets sounded and both Parties Engaged Yet the Queen rushing through all dangers came to her Son and upbraiding him with breach of Faith and Obstinacy at length the Battle was parted and the Father and Son once more were Reconciled That this agreement might be the more lasting D. Alonso Sanchez the King's Bastard-Son was sent out of the Kingdom and went to the Town of Albuquerque which he possessed in Castile by that means becoming a Subject to that Crown 11. King Denis fortified many Towns and Cities King Denis his Structures and other Works encompassing them with beautiful Walls as is to be seen at Porto Braga Guimaraens Miranda and other Places He Built from the Ground above Fifty Castles and some Towns besides those he new Peopled Neither did he forget pious Work and therefore he endowed many Churches Pope John XXII granted him the Tenths of Church Revenues for 3 Years to the end he should keep his Gallies in the Streights of Gibraltar to hinder the Moors from passing into the Kingdom of Granada He was addicted to Learning especially to Poetry and it was he that first erected the University at
Herse the Corps was conducted to Alcobaça to be placed in that rich Urn with the noblest Attendance and greatest Grandeur that has been seen vast numbers of Noblemen and Gentlemen in long Mourning Cloaks and Ladies in White Mourning Vailes attended the Funeral From Coimbra to Alcobaça it is 17 Leagues and yet all that Distance was filled with many Thousands of Men in two Rows making a continued Lane with lighted Flambeaus in their Hands 4. The Unfortunate King Peter of Castile being drove out of his Kingdom by his Bastard-Brother Henry assisted by the French King Peter of Castile flying from his Rebellious Subjects is refused Protection in Portugal and flying from Sevil after loosing all the Treasure he had amassed arrived at the Town of Coruche in Portugal with his two Daughters Constance and Elizabeth and thence sent to Advertise our King then at Coimbra of his Arrival That King's Daughter Beatrix was Travelling another way to be Married to the Portuguese Prince her Father not having any fore-thought of what hapned to him This Accident much surprized the Portuguese some were for protecting a rightful King their Neighbour and Confederate others were for more safe than honourable Courses not to embroil themselves in the Quarrels of others This Advice was followed and our King made the best Excuse he could for not entertaining that Unhappy Prince He failing of this Refuge withdrew to Albuquerque but neither was he to be admitted there He sent to ask a Pass of our King to Travel through his Dominions into Galicia and the Earl of Barcelos and Alvaro Perez de Castro were sent to Conduct him But they not only forsook him by the way but stole from him Elenor the Daughter of his Bastard-Brother Henry whom he carried with him From Galicia he passed over into England where he so grievously Complained to the Prince of Wales against the King of Portugal that he was forced to send Embassadors to Vindicate himself In the mean while the New King or rather Usurper Henry Solicited the Friendship of Portugal and Embassadors meetting to that Effect betwixt Badajoz and Elvas a Treaty was Concluded And it was Stipulated That the Castilian should solicite an Accommodation betwixt Aragon and Portugal and also That the Aragonian should suffer the Portuguese Princess Mary Widow of Prince Ferdinand to return to her Country if she thought good 5. About the end of October Prodigiâ—â—â— seen in the Sky almost Three Months before the Death of our King was seen a prodigious Alteration or rather Confusion in the heavenly Luminaries On the 27th Day at Midnight all the Stars in a Body began to run from East to West then suddenly dispersing they wandred through several parts of the Sphere next falling nearer to the Region of the Air the nearness made them appear like vast Globes of Fire so that the whole Heaven seemed to be in a Flame and the Earth threatned to be reduced to Ashes The Sky in many places seemed to gape the Stars being removed This Spectacle lasting a considerable time Men stood amazed expecting the Dissolution of the Universe Three Months after this Prodigy King Peter's Death our King died It will not be amiss to give some Instances of his Justice and Magnificence His Justice and Magnificence He was not as some have called him Cruel but a zealous lover of Justice punishing Crimes with the utmost Severity and rewarding Vertue with Liberality The Punishments he inflicted tho' in appearance terrible were necessary and well applyed A Young Man having struck his supposed Father and the King hearing thereof called the Mother and pressed her to tell him who was the Youth's Father for it was impossible it should be her Husband She confessed in some time a Fryar had got him Thereupon the King went in Person to the Monastery and putting the Fryar into a Case of Cork sawed him in two One of his Favourites lived in Adultery with a Judge's Wife for which the King caused his Privities to be cut off A Priest being suspended for killing a Man he caused him to be put to Death by a Mason saying That the Ecclesiastical Judges condemned a Priest for killing a Man to be suspended from his Office but he in his Tribunal would suspend the Mason from Working for killing the Priest The Bishop of Porto he scourged for having to do with a Citizen's Wife He caused a Gentleman to be beheaded for staving a Country-man's Cask that was full A Clerk of the Treasury was hanged for receiving a small Bribe Hearing a Woman upbraid another with being forced he asked the cause and being told her Husband ravished her before they were marryed he caused him to be hanged Knowing that a Merchant's Wife cuckolded him one day when the Merchant was at some Publick Feast he surprized his Wife with her Gallant and burnt them and then congratulated the Merchant that he was revenged A Bawd having procured a Young Woman for the Admiral Lancelote Pessana the Bawd was burnt and the Admiral hardly obtained Pardon after several Years absence A Country-man complaining that a Gentleman to whom he had lent certain Silver Cups would not restore them the King kept him in hand a Year and then caused the Gentleman to pay him Nine times the value which was then the Penalty of Thieves and farther told him he should be always answerable for the Country-man's Life A Pursivant complaining that in the Execution of his Office a Gentleman had struck him and torn his Beard the Gentleman was immediately beheaded 6. The Laws he instituted Laws established by him were religiously observed One of them condemned Judges who received Bribes to Death To avoid delays in Suits he established there should be no Counsellors Sollicitors nor Attorneys He went about the Kingdom in Person to administer Justice impartially to all Men. Tho' so much subdued himself by the Love of the Lady Agnes de Castro he suffered no Crime of Incontinency to pass unpunished Several new Pieces were coined by him on the one side whereof was his Effigies sitting in a Chair holding a naked Sword on the reverse the Royal Arms with these Inscriptions Peter King of Portugal and Algarve God assist me and make me Victorious over my Enemies He was so Bountiful that like the Emperor Titus he thought himself not a King the day he gave nothing To this purpose he kept always much Plate He was much addicted to Musick and used to go abroad at Nights and dance to the sound of Trumpets Notwithstanding his great Liberality he left a considerable Treasure to his Successor which he gathered without the least dissatisfaction to his Subjects In fine such was his Life that his Death was generally lamented and it was in all mens Mouths That such Ten Years Government never were nor would again be seen in this Kingdom Others said That either he should never have been born or never have died 7. This King was of great Stature His Person and
had renewed the War and the Country was now again in Hostile manner wasted on both sides wherein many notable Skirmishes happened CHAP. III. The remaining Part of the Life and Reign of King John the First of the Name and Tenth King of Portugal from the Year 1393. till 1433. 1. MAny great Men disgusted for that the King as was before said Had since his establishment recalled part of the Grants made to them during his Necessity went over to Castile where settling themselves they became the Heads of Noble Families The King having taken Salvatierra layed Siege to Tuy which after a vigorous Defence was surrendred to him In the mean while Denis Son to King Peter enters Portugal with an Army Prince Denis Son to King Peter by Lady Agnes de Castro was by the King of Castile sent into Portugal with an Army and the Title of King At the same time the Castilian Admiral James Hurtado de Mendoza entred the River Tagus with a Fleet of Forty Ships and Fifteen Galleys Nunho Alvarez Pereyra with all the Forces he could make marched to oppose Prince Denis who upon the News of his approach returned to Castile The King had given to the Constable the sole Government of the Province of Alentejo and Algarve which he for some time held but soon after resigned and went away to the King to assist him at the Siege of Tuy but it was taken before he arrived there 1398. Misser Ambrosio Marines a Genoese was sent Embassador from Castile to settle a Peace in order to which a Cessation was agreed upon for Nine Months 1401. This Term expired and nothing was concluded Hereupon the King about the middle of May layed Siege to Alcantara but was forced after some Days to desist from that Enterprize 2. A Treaty of Peace was again set on Foot at Segovia Peace concluded betwixt the Two Crowns where after long Debates it was concluded upon the following Conditions That no Money should be demanded of Castile on account of former Breach of Articles That Towns and Prisoners should be exchanged on both sides That the Castilian Hostages should be restored That the Portugueses who fled to Castile should return to their Estates On these Terms a Truce was concluded for Ten Years Nâ—t observed and Hostages were given on both sides for Performance But this Cessation produced no more quiet than the former continual Hostilities were exercised tho' the Actions seem not very considerable for there is no particular Account of them but the 4th Year after the conclusion of the last Truce a perpetual Peace began to be discoursed of King Henry of Castile was then dead and Queen Katherine Sister to the Queen of Portugal had the tuition of King John the Second not yet a Year Old In her Husband's Life time she had always advised Peace and she now moved That Embassadors from both sides might meet on the Frontiers of the Two Kingdoms who did so accordingly but came to no conclusion because the Castilians Demands ran high After many Messages had passed on both sides and much time spent the Treaty was again set a Foot and now Embassadors employed to manage it who at length agreed upon Articles whereof the chiefest was 1411. That the Subjects of both Crowns who had served against their Princes should be restored to their Countries and Estates Peace now established and the Crown secured Peace at length established application was made to the Pope for Absolution of the Censures laid on the Kingdom upon Account of promoting King John to the Throne he being a Bastard and having professed in the Order of Avis Pope Boniface the 9th granted his Request and Absolved the Kingdom The King had a Bastard-Son called Alonso whom he loved no less than his lawful Issue and therefore gave him to Wife Beatrix the only Daughter of the Constable Nunho Alvarez Pereyra They had a Daughter called Elizabeth who was Wife to Prince John Son to King John the First and two Sons which were Alonso afterwards Earl of Ourem and Ferdinand Earl of Arroyolos and First Duke of the House of Bragança 3. The King now fixed in his Throne The King bent upon publick rejoycings for the Peace had bent his thoughts upon solemn entertainments and publick rejoycings designing to Knight his Five Sons with all imaginable Solemnity But they advised him to expend that Money on some Forreign enterprize since all was quiet at home and it would be more honourable for them to be Knighted in the Field 1412. than in the Court The Design they fixed upon was the taking of Ceuta on the Coast of Africk which they acquainted the King withal and he approving thereof enjoyned them to keep it secret To this end Two Gallyes were sent to view the Place and sound the Port and to conceal what they went about they continued their Voyage to Sicily as had been at First given out Great industry was used in fitting out Vessels at Lisbon and many more of Galicia Biscay England and the Low-Countries were hired The Young Princes at the same time raised Forces in all Parts of the Kingdom Various judgments were made of the Intent of these Preparations Castile began to grow jealous the Aragonian was not well satisfyed and the Moorish King of Granada feared all the Storm would fall upon him The Rumour of these preparations drew many Martial Men from Forreign Parts to gain Honour in this Enterprize The Plague in Lisbon the Queen dies of it At this time the Plagâ—e had spread it self throughout Lisbon and having entred the Pallace Queen Philippa died of it Her Body was found Fifteen Months after not only uncorrupted but yielding a most Fragant smell Her Life was a Pattern of Piety and Vertue her happy Death was on the 18th of July 1415 1415. in the 64th Year of her Age. Many looked upon her Death as an ill Omen to the Enterprize in Hand and therefore advised to desist from it but the King and Princes could not be moved 4. On the last Day of July 1415. the Fleet sailed from Lisbon A great Fleet sails from Lisbon for the Conquest of Ceuta the 7th of August it came to Faro and the 14th the City Ceuta was taken to the Wonder of all Europe and Terror of the Enemies of Portugal The particulars of this Action which are not many the Place being taken in Four Hours are to be found in the Portuguese Affrick The King returning home created his Second Son Peter Duke of Coimbra and his Third Henry Duke of Viseo This done he went to Ebora and was there received in Triumph by the Princes John and Ferdinand and the Princess Elizabeth The Ratification of the perpetual Peace with Castile had been delayed till that King came to the Age of Fourteen and took the Government upon himself 1419. He being at that Age this Year 1419 Embassadors passed to and fro and after much Debate
English Order of the Garter which is of S. George he used for his Crest the Head of a winged Dragon and from that time forward the Portuguese use to call upon S. George in the time of Battle 10. Discoveries in this King's time were made by John Gonzalez Zarco Discoveries made in his time Tristan Vaz Teixeira and Bartholomew Perestrello who being drove they knew not whither by a storm found the Island they called Puerto Santo in the Year 1418 and two Years after that of Madera where they found a little Oratory and Inscription declaring that one Machin an English-Man had been there before Giles Yanez attempting what none durst before him passed beyond Cape Bojador and there planted a Cross CHAP. IV. The Life and Reign of Edward the First of the Name and Eleventh King of Portugal his Actions and Death from the Year 1391 till 1438. 1. KIng Edward was Born at Viseo Birth of King Edward in the Year 1391. He was with his Father at the taking of Ceuta and married Ellenor Daughter to King Ferdinaâ—d the first of Aragon 1391. in the Year 1428. The Body of King John being deposited in the Cathedral of Lisbon 1428. on the 14th of August the next Day his Eldest Son Edward was proclaimed King 1433. An Astrologer advised him to pass by that unfortunate Day An Astrological Prediction for that all the Constellations were Conspired against him But he religiously â—lighting these Predictions went on with the Solemnity and was Crowned that very Day Then began the Astrologer publickly as he had before done in private to denounce that his Reign would be short as to time but tedious for the Misfortunes which would happen in it The New King went to divert himself at Sintra where his Son Alonsâ— not full 20 Months Old was Sworn Heir to the Crown by the Nobility This was the only time the like Ceremony was performed without the Concurrence of the Commonalty by their Representatives He was also the first that had the Title of Prince given him in Portugal Alonso Son to King Edward the first that 〈◊〉 the Title of Prince in Portugal his Father following the example of the other Courts of Christendom The first that used it was that of England where the Heir of the Crown was called Prince of Wales From Sintra the King sent his Summons to all the Prelates and Nobles for them to meet in order to attend the Translation of his Father's Body to a noble Sepulchre designed for it in the Church of Batalla belonging to the Dominicans and of the invocation of the Assumption of our Blessed Lady built by that King in Memory of the Victory obtained in that Place 2. It will not here be amiss The Funeral of King John in short to say something of his Funeral which may shew the Custom of those times All the Nobility and Clergy Assembled at Lisbon The Mourning then used was either white Sack-Cloath or raw Canvas Such was the Apparel of all the Nobility and their Families The Pallace was all Hung with Black On the 25th of October all the Company marched in orderly Procession from the Pallace to the Church with great silence the Bells of all the Churches ringing At the Church after a short Sermon the Body was placed on a Mausoleum and then the Divine Office for the dead performed with great Solemnity Prince Peter and many other great men stay'd in the Church all Night with the Body and next Day after Mass and Sermon a costly Offering was made of Gold Silver and rich Brocados This done the Body was placed on a Triumphant Charriot which was drawn through the Streets by the King his Brothers and the Nobility In the New Street and in the great Place called Recio Scaffolds were erected on which Learned Men made Funeral Orations suitable to the Occasion At S. Vincent's Gate Four Horses were put to the Charriot Four times the Funeral halted betwixt Lisbon and the Church of Batalla at Odivellas Villafranca Alcoentre and Alcobaça The Fifth Day it came to the Church of Batalla whither the Cortes or Parliament was summoned and there all that great Assembly assisted at Mass and the other Funeral Rites 3. The King hasted away to Leyria King Edward holds a Parliament flying from the Plague for here began his Misfortunes The Cortes or Parliament was held at Santarem where the King gave general Satisfaction Then he applied himself to the cares of the Government He caused also the Laws to be epitomized and reduced to one Volume taking special care that they should be put in Execution His next care was to moderate excess in Apparel and Diet and then he Ordered That only one of the Princes and such of the Nobility as were named should attend at Court at one time the rest being sent away to their Estates and they to relieve the others in their turns 1434. Thus the ensuing Year was spent A general Council Pope Martin had before this time summoned a general Council to meet at Basle for Uniting the Greek and Latin Churches 1435. To this Council were sent Six Embassadors from Portugal The Union of the Two Churches took Effect but was not lasting for the Greeks not finding those Supplies they expected from the Pope against the Turks soon fell off The Portuguese Embassadors obtained a Grant of the then Pope Eugenius That the Kings of Portugal might be Crowned and Anointed in the same manner as those of England and France This same Year the King designed his Sons should receive the Sacrament of Confirmation with great Pomp and Solemnity but News being then brought that the Kings of Naples and Navarre Prince Henry and above 100 Persons of great Note were taken Prisoners in a Sea Fight by Philip Duke of Milan all publick Joy ceased and the Court was filled with Mourning nevertheless the Young Princes were confirmed 4. This same Year also it was An Expedition against Tangier that the Princes Henry and Ferdinand having first gained the Queen to their Party perswaded the King to take in Hand an Expedition against Tangier in Africk It was long before they could prevail upon him but at last overcome by their importunities he took the Fatal Resoluton A Tax was laid upon the Kingdom for the Expence of this War and all the Preparations for such an Expedition diligently made On the 17th of August the Princes Embarked and the 22th they sailed from Belem 1437. The particulars of this Unhappy Undertaking belong properly to the Portuguese Africk where they are to be seen at large but the even was The Portuguese Army destroyed by the Moors and the King's Brother taken That most of the Portuguese Army perished and Prince Ferdinand remained in Captivity he being left as an Hostage for restoring Ceuta to the Moors upon their suffering the Relicks of the Portuguese to return home Prince Henry the Adviser of this Enterprize sent Notice to
up the Ghost on the 25th of October 〈…〉 Being sensible he must die he commanded the Plate furnished by the Churches for the late Wars to be restored He ordered Duke Emanuel should Succeed him having first used all possible means to leave the Crown to his Bastard-Son George which was the greatest Act of Injustice he was 〈…〉 indeed that could be Having 〈◊〉 the Queen Princess Beatrix and the Clergy in his Life time he now begged Pardon of them 4. Tho' the King earnestly desired to see Duke Emanuel before his Death he could not compass it some Persons perswading that Prince his Design was to kill him There was a small Box whereof he always kept the Key which was generally supposed to contain nothing but Poison 〈…〉 Saint But this Box being opened after his Death there was found in it a Book of Instructions for to make a good Confession a Hair-cloath and a Discipline stained with Blood Hence the People took occasion 〈◊〉 call him a Saint as many before accounted him a Tyrant In his Will the King ordered 3000 Masses should be said for his Soul that 41 Orphans should be marryed that the like number of Captives should be redeemed that the great â—ospital of Lisbon should be finished that half the Plate taken from Churches by his Father for the War against Castile should be restored that Duke Emanuel should Succeed him in the Throne that his Bastard-Son George should have the City Coimbra with all the Royalties wherewith Prince Peter had it before that in case Duke Emanuel died without Issue the aforesaid George should Inherit the Crown and that none of the Persons banished the Kingdom by him should be restored After his Death he had the Commendations of his very Enemies His Body was conducted with great State from the Cathedral of Silves to the Monastery of Batalla where it is said to have been found long after uncorrupted which increased the Opinion of his Sanctity He marryed his Cousin-German Ellenor Daughter to Prince Ferdinand Duke of Viseo and the Lady Beatrix Daughter to Prince John She was a Princess endued with singular Beauty Wit and Vertue and lies buried in the Monastery of the Mother of God at Lisbon founded by her self in the Cloister among the Nuns is her Grave without any distinction 5. Let us now give some Specimen of the many Vertues that adorned this King 〈◊〉 Vertues First for his great Zeal in Matters of Religion Pope Innocent VII publickly called him The Eldest Son of the Church Daily he performed several Devotions upon his bare Knees and in the Holy Week spent whole Nights in mourning before the Sepulchre He forbid the use of Mules and because the Clergy said they would have recourse to the Pope on that account he made it Death for any Body to 〈◊〉 them and so that Dispute 〈…〉 Justice was such that he rewarded some Judges before whom he was Cast in Law Suits and hearing a Man was condemned to Death who had been Fourteen Years in Prison he pardoned him saying They better deserved to die who had kept him so long to Condemn him at last Few ever exceeded him in Liberality and Gratitude for having borrowed 1500 Ducats of Peter Pantoja and kept them but five days he then sent him his Money and 250 Ducats for the Use of it Pantoja complaining that the Interest was too great he ordered him as much more and said He would do so as often as he complained James Fernandez Correa his Factor in Flanders having lent Maximilian the King of the Romans 30000 Ducats without his Order he sent him Thanks for so doing and gave him 1000 Crowns Edward del Casal a Man of Worth having employed another to beg some Favour for him the King seeing him said Since you have Hands to serve me with why have not you a Tongue to speak to me 6. There was nothing that daunted him More of his good Qualities in so much that others fearing to go aboard the Fleet because of the Plague he went himself and is said to have spoke unconcerned with the Ghost of a Gentleman that was dead and came to warn him of the Conspiracy of the Duke of Viseo Favourites he never had any and was such an Enemy to those sort of Ministers that the Cardinal George da Costa who had entire influence over his Father fled to Rome before his Accession to the Crown None that deserved well passed unrewarded for he carryed about him a Table-Book in which were the Names and Services of all those that merited of him All Men had access to him their Business was heard and answered Truth was so much admired by him that he made D. John de Meneses his Lord Steward only because he said He always spoke the Truth 〈◊〉 it were displeasing to him As for Learning he understood Philosophy was skilled in Mathematicks well versed in History and a great admirer of Poetry Tho' his Countenance represented much of Gravity and his Carriage had much of Majesty yet at times he was pleasant and facetious To conclude his Government was inferiour to none of the best Kings that preceded him and may be a Pattern to all those that come after him Scarce any excelled him in all sorts of Vertues and foâ— his Zeal to Religion he was the first that propagated it in the Torrid Zone In short he was a Father of his People Bountiful Just Merciful Generous Brave a lover of Truth and sure rewarder of Merit 7. King John had only one Lawfully Begotten Son His Issue which was Prince Alonso born at Lisbon in the Year 1475. and who died as has been said unfortunately by a Fall off his Horse in the Year 1491. being newly married to the Princess Elizabeth Daughter to King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth of Castile This King had also One Bastard-Son called George created Duke of Coimbra Marquis of Torres Novas Master of the Military Orders of Santiago and Avis and Lord of the Lands that had belonged to Prince Peter He had also the Town of Aveiro and of him are descended the Dukes of that Title who keep the sirname of Lancaster taken by them in Memory of Queen Philippa Daughter to the Duke of Lancaster King John at length fixed the Arms of the Kingdom in the manner they are used at this Day reducing the Castles in the Orle to the certain Number of Seven and setâ—ing the Five middle Escutcheons upright 8. Discoveries in the Reign of King John were as follow 〈…〉 James Cano sailed to the River and Kingdom of Manicongo James Alonso de Aveiro to that of Beni and brought thence the first Pepper that came from those Parts Bartâ—â—â—â—mew Diaz to the Cape of Good Hope and passed beyond it to the River called Del Infante Peter Covillam and Alonso de Paiva Men versed in many Languages went to Grand Cairo in Egypt then embarking on the Red Sea saw the City Adem where parting Paiva went into Ethiopia
the Air representing Men Fires and Battles The Holy Man F. Bartholomew of the Martyrs Archbishop of Braga was beatified his Body is in the Town of Viana Margaret de Chaves now flourished in Sanctity and made a miraculous end CHAP. VI. The Reign of Philip the Fourth of Spain and Third of Portugal and the Twentieth King from the Year of our Lord 1605 till 1628. 1. KIng Philip the Third of Spain Birth of Philip the Fourth of Spain and Third of Portugal and Second of Portugal being at Valladolid with his Wife Queen Margaret their Son Philip the Fourth of Spain and Third of Portugal was born upon Good-Friday which fell then upon the 8th day of April in the Year 1605. His Birth was celebrated with the greatest Demonstrations of Joy and most of Expence 1625. that had ever till then been seen His Father dying he retired to the Royal Monastery of S. Hierome 1621. whence a few days after he returned to take Possession of his Crowns left him by his Ancestors his Magnificent Entry dispelling the Clouds of Sorrow that hung over the Heads of the Subjects and filling their Hearts with Joy He entred upon the Government giving ample Testimonies of a more pregnant Judgment than could have been expected at those tender Years His Accession to the Crown for he reformed the Councils established wholsom Laws punished evil Ministers and ordered that all those who were in Office should give in true Estimates of what they were worth that it might afterwards appear how their Estates were advanced in his Service K. Charles the First of England then Prince of Wales in Spain On the 16th of May Charles Prince of Wales afterwards King of England came incognito by the Post to Madrid and went to Lodge at the English Embassador's House and by him made known the design of his coming The Catholick King made a Publick Entry with him from the Escurial with that Solemnity that is only used at the Reception of the Spanish Kings giving him the Right Hand under the Canopy and attended by all his Court every Man thâ—â— day vying to out do the rest in Splendor and in testifying his Joy Afterwards several Sports were made to Entertain the Prince the King himself at the Riding used with Canes instead of Spears signalized his Dexterity The Match betwixt the Prince and Princess Mary being proposed learned Men were consulted and agreed upon the Conclusion but not the Formalities It was hoped it would have succeeded but Providence had ordered otherwise 2. The Arms of Spain were at this time employed in several Parts The Dutch in Brasil in all which many Portuguese served with singular Reputation The Rebel Hollanders having Intelligence of the evil Posture of Affairs in Brasil resolved to attempt the Conquest of that Country and to that effect moved several of the Northern Princes grown envious of the Power of Spain to assist them in the Enterprize They fitted out a Fleet in Holland and Zealand it consisting of 35 Sail under the Command of Admiral John Vandort and carryed 3000 chosen Men a good Train of Artillery with all other Necessaries The Design was kept very private In December the Fleet set Sail and having passed the Line in 6 Degrees of South Latitude according to the Orders given the Admiral opened his Instructions and found he was commanded to invade Baya de Todos Santos or the Bay of All-Saints This Bay is thought to be the greatest in the World and is the sort to the City S. Salvador seated on a rising Ground along that Mountainous Shoar extending out in length from North to South It has a Cathedral Church and had once a Court of Chancery which has been taken away with good cause for the greatest Injustice that can be in a State is to be pestered with too many Officers of Justice This City is the Metropolis of all that vast Province of Brasil in America and on the East side of that Continent stretching forth 1200 Leagues along the Coast being a Delightful Rich and Pleasant Soil 3. The Fleet entred this Bay and began to batter the Suburb next the Sea The Dutch Land and take the Capital City of all Brasil called Baia. where was begun a Fort in the Water in which Antony de Mendoza Son to the Governour James de Mendoza commanded but was forced to abandon it because in no condition then to withstand the fury of the Enemy's Cannon In the mean while 1000 Musqueteers landed and advanced towards the City without any Opposition They halted in the Suburb of S. Benedict Night came on and all the Inhabitants fled out of the City which the Enemy took Possession of in the Morning The Governour staid 〈◊〉 his House and was thence carried away aboard the Admiral All the People had forsaken their Houses leaving an inestimable Booty to the Rebels who polluted the Churches and committed all manner of Sacrilegious Outrages D. Mark Teyxeira the Bishop with his Clergy had offered to withstand the Enemy but none adhering to him he retired to a Village Mathias de Albuquerque who was next in Command to the Governour then a Prisoner was 100 Leagues off at Pernambuco He sent an Account of what had happened into Portugal where the Advice arrived in July The King writ to the Governours of Portugal a Letter with his own Hand in which he expressed how much he valued the Portuguese Loyalty and what returns he expected from them upon such an Exigency A Fleet sent against the Dutch The Portuguese to answer their King's Expectation speedily resorted from all Parts of the Kingdom to Lisbon and in the space of three Months fitted out a Fleet of 26 Sail in which was most of the Gentry of the Kingdom all at their own Cost without putting the King to any charge D. Emanuel de Moura Corte Real Marquess of Castel Rodrigo gave the Example to others raising a sightly Company of Musquetiers which he sent upon this Expedition at his own Expence This stirred up others to do the like for among the Portuguese Emulation is more prevalent than Vertue D. Alonso de Noronha tho' old that had been Governour of India listed himself and many Gentlemen of Quality followed his Example I shall not name them because among the Portuguese every one had rather his Name should be omitted than that his Neighbours should be inserted with him 4. The Portuguese not being a sufficient Power to recover Brasil a Spanish Fleet was at the same time fitting out but not so soon ready for the former stay'd a Month for the other in the Port of Lisbon and sailing thence in November expected it at the Island of Santiago the chief of those of Cabo Verde till February which delay proved not a little advantageous to the Enemy The Portuguese Squadron consisted of 26 Ships 1625. and in them 4000 Men in the Spanish were more Ships and 8000 Men the former commanded by D. Emanuel
Lamorle with some Troops to draw out the Spaniards of Albuquerque which he managed so dexterously that bringing them into an ambush they were totally routed and 120 Horses taken The Enemy made another Incursion towards Olivenza but as they retired 200 Portuguese Horse Charging them in the Rear recovered all the Booty At this time came to Elvas Martin Alfonso de Melo the new Governour The Baron de Molinguen General of Horse Commanded the Spanish Forces He gathered 1200 Horse and advanced towards Elvas 800 Horse and three Regiments of Foot marched out upon the alarm Martin Alfonso sent the Horse before ordering Andrew de Albuquerque to Attack the Enemy if he found them on this side the Rivers Guadiana or Caya Albuquerque Detached the Commissary-General D. John de Ataide with four Troops and the same Orders D. John finding only a part of the Enemy on this side would not Charge them which Antony Jaques de Payva perceiving he fell on with his Troop but being overpowered his Men fled those with D. John instead of seconding followed their example as did also those that were with Albuquerque The Spaniards pursued till they discovered our Foot and Andrew de Albuquerque rallying his Horse under their shelter when having no Foot they drew off carrying away 40 Prisoners John Paschasius Cosmander our principal Ingenier passing betwixt Estremoz and Elvas was unhappily taken by a Spanish Party The King offered the Count de Singuen in exchange for him but the Spaniards left no methods untried to bring him to their Service till at last they prevailed 2. The Count de Castello Melâ—or Actions betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho who Governed the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho Understanding that the Count de S. Estevan General of Galicia was to March with 1500 Foot and 400 Horse to visit the Frontiers sent out of Salvaterra Collonel Francis de Franca Barboza with 450 Foot to possess himself of an Advantageous Post called Maleytas near the River Minho and a Musquet Shot from Salvaterra The Adjutant Labarta was Ordered with 20 Horse to attack the Enemies Scouts and as if he were Overpowered to retire and draw the Enemy within the reach of the Foot Labarta Executed his Orders and was pursued by 5 Battalions of the Enemy With Francis de Franca were 100 Dutch who fled at the sight of the Enemy and many Potugueses followed their example however Francis de Franca with such as stood by him made good his ground till the Spaniards retired The Province Tralos Montes still pteserved its quiet both Parties being inclinable to admit of it Count Seren who Governed Beyra having Obtained Leave to quit that Post the King divided it into two Parts Appointing two Generals because the Province was Large D. Roderick de Castro had the Territory about Guarda Pinhel and Lamego D. Sancho Manuel that about Castelbranco Viseu and Coimbra D. Roderick being come into his Province immediately disposed all things for the Defence of it and repulsed a Party of the Enemy that broke in by the way of Alfayates His next design was to take the Fort of Galegos 4 Leagues from Almeyda and 2 from Cuidad Rodrigo To this purpose he gathered 60 Foot of the Standing-Forces and 2500 of the Militia with 160 Horse and 3 pieces of heavy Canon On the 23d of August he marched from Almeyda and the next day came before Gallegos Planted a battery and began to play upon the Place but perceiving it required more time to make a breach than he could well spare and Understanding the Garrisons of all the Neighbouring places were marched to Cuidad Rodrigo to Relieve Gallegos he thought a Fair Opportunity was offered him of taking St. Felices a Place of more consequence Wherefore they Instantly broke up and marched towards it with 120 Foot and 120 Horse and by the way Understood that all the Garrison of the place was marched except 300 Foot and 800 of the Country People Upon this advice he hasted forwards and giving the Assault at several places together Entred the Town Plundered and Burnt it D. Antony de Isasse the Governour having Lost 150 of his Men retired with the rest into the Castle and D. Roderick Returned with great Honour to Almeida Severall other small Skirmishes hapned in which the Portugueses still had the better which so Encouraged D. Roderick that gathering 800 Foot and 150 Horse he made an inroad into the Territory of Cuidad Rodrigo Burning all the Open Towns and utterly destroying the Country without meeting the least opposition D. Sancho Manuel Governour of the other part of the Province was not idle but cut off 100 Spaniards that had taken a prey in his district and Fortifyed Salvaterra upon advice that the Enemy were assembling a considerable body which he was not able to Oppose in the Feild 3. This Year the King created his Eldest Son Theodosius A Design to Murder King John Prince of Brasil and began to Assign the Revenues of the House of Braganza for the maintaining of his House As the King studied all means to secure his Crown so the Ministers of Spain omitted not by all ways tho' never so unjust to contrive his destruction and had now infallibly compassed it had not a special Providence preserved him One Dominick Leyte a Native of Lisbon who had been Clark in one of the Courts and was well descended fled to Madrid where having offered his Service to that King's Ministers he undertook upon several great promises and some rewards in possession to Assassinate King John In order to it he returned to Lisbon in May with one Emanuel Roque where by degrees he hired several Houses in the Turners-Street next the Church of St. Nicholas He opened Doors all along from one House to another made loop-holes through the walls to the Street and provided several Fire-locks loaded with Poisoned Bullets to Shoot the King as he passed that way in procession upon Corpus-Christi-day that if one piece should happen to fail another might certainly hit The day being come and he lying in wait tho' he twice attempted to fire his Heart failed him and the King being passed he shut the Doors and went away to the Monastery of Our Lady of Grace where Emanuel Roque expected him with two Horses and they both returned to Madrid There he framed excuses for missing of his Design and receiving fresh encouragement returned again to Lisbon By the way he discovered his Design to Emanuel Roque who getting to Town before him on pretence of taking a Lodging discovered the Treason Dominick Leyte being Apprehended Confessed the Crime had both his Hands cut off and was afterwards Hanged and Quartered 4. The Marquess de Niza Negotiations at several Courts who had been before Ambassador in France was sent back this Year to sollicite the Concluding a League betwixt the two Crowns He proposed to Cardinal Mazarine a Match betwixt Prince Theodosius and the Eldest Daughter of the Duke of
K. John III. p. 332 K Charles I. of England then Prince of Wales in Spain p. 367 Chindasuindus possesses himself of the Kingdom by force p. 100 K. Chintila holds two Synods p. 100 Christian and Moorish Armies Engage p. 346 Christian Dominions in Spain divided betwixt the two Sons of K. Alonso p. 123 Church setled p. 80 Church of St. James the Apostle in Galicia Dedicated p. 123 Cincinnatus succeeds Caesar p. 60 City Braga founded by the Carthaginians p. 19 City Mirtiry built by the Tyrians p. 21 Civil Broils p. 132 Civil War in Portugal p. 282 Citadel taken from the Spaniards p. 397 Conspirators incense the People against the Spaniards p. 392 Resolve to put their designs in Execution p. 387 Meet and execute their design p. 395 Their Deputies confer with the Duke at Almada p. 388 Claudius and Aurelianus Emperors p. 80 Claudius and Nero Emperors p. 75 Clergy joyns in Rebellion with the Laity p. 189 Cneus and Sextus the two Sons of Pompey in Spain p. 62. Coimbra taken by the Advice and Assistance of the Monks of Lorvan p. 144 Columbus after discovering America arrives at Lisbon p. 308 Combat betwixt two Women p. 267 Common complaints when subjects will rebel p. 186 Complaints made to the Pope and all things adjusted p. 186 Condition of Portugal p. 381 Considerable losses of the Portuguese in India p. 485 Conspiracy against the King of Castile discovered p. 258 Against the Protector p. 261 Against the New King John p. 403 To seize Cartagena p. 416 Against King Alonso VI. p. 544 Constantine the Great p. 80 Conti seized by the faction and sent to Brazil p. 536 Is recalled from Brazil but Banished the Court privately Meets the King p. 543 Conversion of Lusitanians from Arianism p. 94 Corocoâ—a a famous Robber p. 71 Cortes meet and instead of settling Peace widen the breach p. 280 Meet again p. 415 436 and 563. First Council of Braga p. 83 Council and magistrates of Lisbon combine with the Infante p. 553 Counterfeits personate King Sebastian p. 348 and 367 Count S. Lorerco his Actions in Alentejo p. 452 Crassus destroys near 40000 Spaniards p. 61 Croisade brought into Portugal p. 287 Customs of the Inhabitants p. 17 D. DEath of Prince Philip the Empress and others p. 333 Debates about proclaiming the Protector p. 261 K. Denis his Birth and Succession to the Crown He marries Elizabeth Daughter of Peter King of Aragon p. 209 Has differences with his Brother Alonso p. 210 Enters Castile the second time p. 211 Is chosen mediator betwixt the King of Castile and the lawful Heir then banished p. 213 An unjust sentence given by him against the rightful Heir p. 214 He is at variance with his Son p. 215 His structure and other Works p. 217 His Wife and Issue p. 218 Denis Son to K. Peter enters Portugal with an Army p. 269 Design to murder K. John p. 441 Differences betwixt Castile and Portugal composed by the Pope p. 195 In the Cortes about ransoming Prince Ferdinand p. 278 Adjusted p. 568 Discoveries in North America p. 319 Dolabella again subdues the Lusitanians p. 44 Double Treachery p. 484 Duke de Alva with the Spanish Forces draws near to Lisbon He passes the River Tagus p. 358 The Forts upon the River taken by him p. 359 Duke of Braganza refuses to go into Castile Is made General p. 364 Duke of Lancaster invited by the Portuguese Lands in Galicia with 2000 Horse and 3000 Archers p. 269 He meets K. John P. Henry of Castile marries his Daughter p. 266 Duke of Medina Sidonia being suspected in Spain Challenges K. John p. 408 Dutch contrary to Faith given take several places in India p. 425 In Brazil receive succours p. 437 Beaten out of Angola in Africk p. 449 Prepare to make War upon Portugal p. 454 In Brazil p. 376 They take the Capital City called Baja. p. 377 Other Actions of theirs after taking Baja. p. 378 E. EArthquakes p. 57 and 332 Earthquakes Inundations and Storms for 8 years p. 178 Eclipse of the Sun p. 245 K. Edw. holds a Parliament His Expedition to Tangier p. 276 He dies of the Plague p. 278 His issue p. 279 P. Edward his Birth p. 274 P. Edw. contracted to Ellenor Sister to Alonso K. of Aragon p. 272 Edward Brother to K. John IV. p. 435 Effects of love p. 142 Egica King p. 106 Q. Elizabeth's provocations and K. Philip's design against her p. 369 Ellenor II. Daughter to King Alonso married to Peter King of Aragon p. 227 Q. Ellenor flies to Castile p. 256 Princess Ellenor contracted to the Emperor Frederick III. p. 286 Elvas and other places delivered to K. Philip. p. 356 K. Emanuel his Birth and descent He is proclaimed King p. 313 Marries Elizabeth Widow of the late Prince Alonso p. 315 Then Marries the Sister of his last Queen Sends succours to the Venetians against the Turks p. 316 Founds the Monastery of Belem p. 317 His Queen delivered of a Son p. 318 He receives the Order of the Garter from K. Henry VIII of England Punishes his Lord Steward for his Cruelty to a Servant p. 322 His Eighth Son Born p. 323 Birth of his Tenth Child and Death of his Queen p. 324 He Marries again p. 325 His Death His Structures and other Works p. 327 His Wives and Issue p. 328 Embassadors sent to all Courts of Europe p. 401 Embassadors of Castile sent away without Answer p. 281 Emerita Augusta now Merida Founded by Augustus p. 69 Endeavours used for obtaining of Bishops but in vain p. 470 Endeca Usurps the Crown of Portugal p. 96 He is Deposed and shorn a Monk by Leovigildus the Goth. p. 97 Engagements by Sea p. 172 and 337 English and Portugueses take Towns in Castile p. 248 Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Alentejo p. 462 C. Ericeira succeeds D. Roderick de Castro in the Government of Tangier p. 489 Ervigius succeeds Wamba p. 105 His Actions p. 106 Exploits in India p. 342 F. FAbius Maximus defeats the Spanish Army and kills Curius their General p 38 Fabulous's relation p. 161 Faction levelled against the Favourite p. 551 Faithless proceedings of the Dutch in Brazil p. 429 False Sebastian executed p. 368 Famine in Portugal p. 318 Famous Battle of Aljubarata p. 263 The Account given of it by the Spanish Historians p. 264 Favila succeeds Pelagius p. 114 K. Ferdinand of Navarre kills K. Bermudo and becomes sole Monarch of Castile Leon Portugal Galicia and Navarre p. 141 He is called the Great His Conquests over the Infidels p. 143 Dying divides his Dominions p. 145 Ferdinand King of Portugal his Birth He engages in War against Castile p. 236 Enters into League with the Moorish King of Granada p. 237 Marries the Lady Ellenor divorced from her Husband p. 241 Joyns in League with John of Gaunt against Castile p. 242 Enters into League with the King of Castile against him of Aragon p. 244 Underhand treats with the Dukes of