Selected quad for the lemma: prince_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
prince_n	create_v	king_n	wales_n	3,739	5	10.5982	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28468	Nomo-lexikon, a law-dictionary interpreting such difficult and obscure words and terms as are found either in our common or statute, ancient or modern lawes : with references to the several statutes, records, registers, law-books, charters, ancient deeds, and manuscripts, wherein the words are used : and etymologies, where they properly occur / by Thomas Blount of the Inner Temple, Esq.	Blount, Thomas, 1618-1679.	1670 (1670)	Wing B3340; ESTC R19028	517,540	312

Mint see in Cowels Interpreter verbo Mint Minute tythes Minutae sive minores decima Small Tythes such as usually belong to the Viccar as of Herbs Seeds Eggs Honey Wax c. See 2 Part Inst fo 649. and Udal Tindals case Hill 22 Jac. where the tyth of Woad was adjudged to be minuta decima 3 Part Crokes Rep. fo 21. See Tithes Misaventure or Misadventure Fr. Mesadventure i. Infortunium Has an especial signification for the killing a man partly by negligence and partly by chance As if one thinking no harm carelesly throwes a stone or shoots an Arrow wherewith he kills another In this case he commits not Felony but onely loseth his goods and has a Pardon of course for his life Stam. Pl. Cor. lib. 1. ca. 8. Britton ca. 7. distinguishes between Aventure and Misavonture The first he makes to be meer chance as if a Man being upon or near the Water be taken with some sudden sickness and so fall in and is drowned or into the fire and is burnt Misaventure he says is where a man comes to his death by some outward violence as the fall of a Tree the running of a Cart-wheel the stroke of a Horse or such like So that Misadventure in Stamfords opinion is construed somewhat more largely then Britton understands it West part 2. Symbol tit Inditement Sect. 48 49. makes Homicide casual to be meerly casual or mixt Homicide by meer chance he defines to be when a man is slain by meer fortune against the mind of the killer as if one hewing the Axe flies off the haft and kills a man And this is al one with Brittons Misaventure Homicide by chance mix'd he defines Sect. 50. to be when the killers ignorance or negligence is joyned with the chance as if a man lop Trees by a high-way side in which many usually travel and cast down a Bough not giving warning c. by which Bough a man is slain Miscognisant Ignorant or not knowing In the Stat. 32 Hen. 8. ca. 9. against Champertie and Maintenance It is ordained that the Justices of Assise shall twice in the year in every County cause open Proclamation to be made of this present Act and of every thing therein contained c. to the intent that no person should be ignorant or miscognisant of the dangers and penalties therein contained Miscontinuance Kitchin fo 231. the same with Discontinuance which see Mise A French word signifying expence or disbursement sometimes written Missum in Lat. and sometimes Misa has divers significations first it is a kind of honourable gift or customary present with which the People of Wales are wont to salute every new King and Prince of Wales at their entrance into that Principality It was anciently given in Cattel Wine and Corn for sustentation of the Princes Family but when that Dominion was annexed to the English Crown the Gift was changed into Money and the Summ is 5000 l. Sterling or More and it hapned to be thrice paid in King James's Reign First at his own coming to the Crown and that Principality Secondly when Prince Henry was created Prince of Wales And Thirdly When King Charles the First succeeded him in that Principality Anno 27 Hen. 8. ca. 26. it is ordained That Lords Mayors shall have all such Mises and profits of their Lands as they have had in times past c. Misae etiam dicuntur praestationes illae quas ob fruendas pristinas immunitates Cestriae Palatinatus subditi novo cuique Comiti impendunt i. 3000 Marks for that County Sometimes Mises are taken for Taxes or Tallages Anno 25 Edw. 1. ca. 5. Sometimes for Costs or Expences as pro misis custagiis for Costs and Charges in the Entries of Judgments in personal Actions Mise is also a word of Art appropriated to a Writ of right so called because both parties have put themselves upon the meer right to be tryed by the grand Assise or by Battel so as that which in all other Actions is called an Issue in a Writ of Right in that case is called a Mise But in a Writ of Right if a collateral point be tryed there it is called an Issue and is derived from missum because the whole cause is put upon this point Coke on Litt. fol. 294. b. Anno 37 Ed. 3. ca. 16. To joyn the Mise upon the Meer is as much as to say to joyn the Mise upon the cleer right and that more plainly to joyn upon this point whether has the more right the Tenant or Demandant Mise is sometimes used as a Participle for cast or put upon Cokes 6 Rep. Saffins Case and sometimes corruptly for Mease a Messuage or Tenement As a Mise-place in some Mannors is taken to be such a Messuage or Tenement as answers the Lord a Herriot at the death of its owner 2 Inst fo 528. which in our French is written Mees Ceste Endenture temoigne que come Will. Terrye de Dounham tiegne de Johan de Veer Coonte d'Oxenford un Mees sys acres de terre c. dat 14 Ed. 3. penes Wil. Andrew Baronet Miserere Is the name and first word of one of the Paenitential Psalmes most commonly that which the Ordinary gives to such guilty Malefactors as have the benefit of the Clergy allowed by Law and it is usually called the Psalm of mercy Misericordia Is used for an Arbitrary Amerciament or Punishment imposed on any Person for an offence For where the Plaintiff or Defendant in any Action is amerced the Entry is always Ideo in misericordia c. And it is called Misericordia as Fitzherbert says Nat. Br. fol. 75. for that it ought to be but small and less then the offence according to the tenor of Magna Charta cap. 14. Therefore if a Man be unreasonably amerced in a Court not of Record as in a Court Baron c. there is a Writ called Moderata Misericordia directed to the Lord or his Bailiff commanding them that they take Moderate Amerciaments according to the quality of the fault Est enim misericordia Domini Regis says Glanvile quà quis per juramentum legalium hominum de viceneto eatenus amerciandus est ne aliquid de suo honorabili contenemento amittat And again Mulcta lenior sic dicta quòd lenissima imponitur misericordia graviores enim mulctas Fines vocant atrocissimas Redemptiones See Glanv pag. 75. a. And see Moderata Misericordia He shall be in the great Mercy of the King Westm 1. cap. 15. Misfeasans Misdoings or Trespasses Jury to enquire of all Purprestures Misfeasans 2 Part Croke fol. 498. And Misfeasor a Trespasser 2 Inst fol. 200. Mishering Est de estre quit de amerciemenz pur quereles en aucun Courts devant qui que il seyt nent ordinament ou proprement demonstre MS. LL. Temp. E. 2. See Abishersing and Miskering Miskenning Meskenninga LL. Hen. 1. cap. 12. Iniqua vel injusta in jus vocatio inconstanter loqui in

to the Jurors Is either made to the Array or to the Polls To the Array is when the whole number is excepted against as partially empanelled To or by the Poll is when some one or more are excepted against as not indifferrnt Challenge to the Jurors is also divided into Challenge Principal and Challenge per Cause i. Upon Cause or Reason Challenge Principal otherwise called Peremptory is that which the Law allows without cause alleaged or further examination Lamb. Eiren. lib. 4. cap. 14. As a prisoner at the Bar arraigned upon Felony may peremptorily Challenge 20 one after another of the Jury empanelled upon him alleaging no cause but his own dislike and they shall be still put off and new taken in their places But in case of High Treason no Challenge Peremptory is allowed Anno 33 Hen. 8. cap. 23. Yet there seems to be a difference between Challenge Principal and Challenge Peremptory this being used onely in matters criminal and barely without cause alleaged more then the prisoners own fancy Stams Pl. Cor. fol. 124. That in civil actions for the most part and with assigning some such cause of Exception as being found true the Law allows For example if either party alleage That one of the Jurors is the Son Brother Cosin or Tenant to the other or married his Daughter this Exception is good if true without further examination of the parties credit How far this Challenge upon Kinred extends see in Plowden Casu Vernon fol. 425. Also in the Plea of the Death of a Man and in every Real Action and in every Action Personal where the Debt or Damages amount to forty Marks it is a good Challenge to any Juror that he cannot dispend 40● per annum of Freehold Anno 11 Hen. 7. cap. 21. The ground of this Challenge you may see in Fleta lib. 4. cap. 8. Challenge upon Reason or Cause is when the party does alleage some such Exception against one or more of the Jurors as is not forthwith sufficient upon acknowledgment of the truth of it but rather arbitrable and considerable by the rest of the Jurors as if the Son of the Juror have married the Daughter of the adverse party Kitchin fol. 92. where you may read what Challenges are commonly accounted Principal and what not See the New Book of Entries on this word Challenge which was anciently Latined by Calumnia as appears by Bracton lib. 3. tract 2. cap. 18. See Coke on Littl. fol. 156 157 c. and Calangium Chamberdekins or Chaumberdakins Were certain Irish begging Priests banished England Anno 1 Hen. 5 cap. 7 8. Chamberer Is used for a Chamber-maid Anno 33 Hen. 8. cap. 21. Chamberlain Camerarius Is diversly used in our Chronicles Laws and Statutes as Lord Great Chamberlain of England Lord Chamberlain of the Kings House the Kings Chamberlain Anno 13 Edw. 3. cap. 41. 17 Rich. 2. cap. 6. to whose Office it especially appertains to look to the Kings Chambers and Wardrobe and to govern the under Officers belonging thereto Fleta lib. 2. cap. 6 7. Chamberlain of any of the Kings Courts 7 Edw 6. cap. 1. Chamberlain of the Exchequer 51 Hen. 3. Stat. 5. and 10 Edw. 3. cap. 11. Chamberlain of North-Wales Stow pag. 641. Chamberlain of Chester and Chamberlain of the City of London Crompt Jurisd fol. 7. To which Chamberlainships of London and Chester do belong the receiving all Rents and Revenue appertaining to those Cities and to the Chamberlain of Chester when there is no Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester the receiving and return of all Writs coming thither out of any of the Kings Courts There are two Officers of this name in the Exchequer who keep a Controlment of the Pells of Receipt and ●xitus and certain Keys of the Treasure and Records and the Keys of the Treasury where the Leagues of the Kings Predecessors and divers ancient Books as Domesday and the Black Book of the Exchequer remain This Officer is mentioned in the Statute 34 35 Hen. 8. cap. 16. There are also Under Chamberlains of the Exchequer which see in Under Chamberlain The Latin word seems to express the Function of this Officer For Camerarius dicitur a Camera i. Testudine sivè fornice quia custodit pecunias quae in Cameris praecipuè reservantur Champarti from the Fr. Champ a Field and Parli divided because the Field or Land in question is commonly divided between the Champartor who maintains the sute and the person in whose name and right he sues Signifies a Maintenance of any Man in his sute upon condition to have part of the thing be it Land or Goods when it is recovered This seems to have been an ancient grievance in our Nation for nowithstanding the several Statutes of 3 Edw. 1. cap. 25. 13 Edw. 1. c. 49. 28 Edw. 1. c. 11. 33 Edw. 1. Stat. 2 3. and 1 Rich. 2. cap. 4. And a Form of Writ framed to them yet 4 Edw. 3. cap. 11. it was again Enacted That whereas a former Statute provided Redress for this in the Kings Bench onely which in those days followed the Court from thenceforth it should be lawful for Justices of the Common Pleas and Justices of Assise in their Sessions to enquire hear and determine this and such like Cases as well at Sute of the King as of the Party How far this Writ extends and the divers Forms of it applied to several Cases see Fitz. Nat. Br. fol. 171. Reg. of Writs fol. 183. And New Book of Entries verbo Champarti Every Champarti implies a Maintenance Crompt Jurisd fol. 39. See also 2 Part. Inst fol. 208. Champartors Be they who move Pleas or Sutes or cause them to be moved either by their own procurement or by others and sue them at their proper costs to have part of the Land in variance or part of the gains Anno 33 Edw. 1. Stat. 2. in fine Champion campio Is taken not onely for him that fights the Combat in his own case but for him also that does it in the place or quarrel of another Bracton lib. 3. tract 2. cap. 21. num 24. who also seems to use this word for such as held of another by some service as Campiones faciunt Homagium Domiuo suo lib. 2. cap. 35. Hottoman de verbis feudalibus Defines it thus Campio est Certator pro alio datus in duello a Campo dictus qui circus erat decertantibus definitus And therefore it is called Campfight See Combate and Sir Edward Bishes Notes upon Upton where fol. 36. you will finde that Henricus de Fernbureg for thirty Marks Fee did by a Charter under his Seal Covenant to be Champion for Roger Abbot of Glastonbury Anno 42 Hen 3. see 3 Inst fol. 221. Champion of the King Campio Regis Whose Office is at the Coronation of our Kings to ride into Westminster Hall armed Cap●a●pe when the King is at dinner there and throw down his Gantlet by way of Challenge pronounced by a

Ideots being indeed as largely extended as both Tutor and Curator among the Civilians For whereas Tutor is he that hath the Government of a Youth until he come to fourteen years of age and Curator he that hath the disposition and ordering of his substance afterward until he attain to twenty five years or that hath the charge of a Frantick person during his Lunacy we use for both these a Guardian onely of which we have three sorts in England one ordained by the Father in his last Will another appointed by the Judge afterward The third cast upon the Minor by the Law and Custom of the Land But the Ancient Law in this Case is in a great measure altered by the Statute of 12 Car. 2. cap. 24. which ordains that Where any person hath or shall have any Childe or Children under the age of Twenty one years and not married at the time of his death it shall be lawful for the Father of such Childe or Children whether born at the time of the decease of the Father or at that time in ventre sa mere or whether such Father be within the age of Twenty one years or of full age by Déed executed in his life time or by his last Will and Testament in writing in the presence of two or more credible Witnesses to dispose of the Custody and Tuition of such Childe or Children for and during the time be or they shall remain under age or any lesser time to any Person or Persons in Possession or Remainder other then Popish Recusants and such disposition shall be good against all Persons claiming such Childe as Guardian in Soccage or otherwise c. And in case the Father appoint no Guardian to his Childe the Ordinary may appoint one to order his Movables and Chattels until the age of fourteen years and then he may chuse his Guardian And for his Lands the next of Kin on that side by which the Land descends not shall be Guardian as heretofore in case of a Tenure in Soccage Gardian or Guardian of the Spiritualties Custos Spiritualium vel spiritualitatis Is he to whom the Spiritual jurisdiction of any Diocess is committed during the vacancy of the See Anno 25 Hen. 8. ca. 21. And I take it the Gardian of the Spiritualties may be either Guardian in Law ot Jure Magistratus as the Arch-bishop is of any Diocess within his Province or Guardian by Delegation as he whom the Arch-bishop or Vicar-general does for the time depute Anno 13 Eliz. ca. 12. Gardian of the Peace Custos pacis See Conservator of the Peace Gardian of the Cinque-ports Gardianus quinque portuum Is a Magistrate that has the Jurisdiction of those Havens which are commonly called the Cinque-ports that is the five Havens who there has all that jurisdiction the Admiral of England has in places not exempt Camden in his Britan. pa. 238. says The Romans after they had setled themselves and their Empire here in England appointed a Magistrate or Governour over those East-parts where our Cinque-ports lie whom they termed Comitem littoris Saxonici per Britanniam having another that bore the same title on the opposite part of the Sea whose Office was to strengthen the Sea-coast with Munition against the out-rages and Robberies of the Barbarians and believes this Warden of the Cinque-ports was first erected among us in imitation of that Roman Policy See Cinque-ports Gardein de L'estemery Anno 17 Car. 1. ca. 15. Warden of the Stanneries Gare Anno 31 Ed. 3. ca. 8. Is a course Wool full of staring hairs such as grows about the Pesil or Shanks of the Sheep Gariofilli Rectius Gariophylli The Spice called Cloves Et salvo haeredibus meis post decessum meum uno clavo Gariofil in praedicto Festo Sancti Mich. pro omni servicio saeculari c. Carta Hugonis de Wygeton Priorat Leominstr Anno 1283. Garnish as to garnish the Heir i. To warn the heir Anno 27 Eliz. ca. 3. Garnishee Is taken for the party in whose hands Money is attached within the liberties of the City of London so used in the Sheriff of London's Court because he has had garnishment or warning not to pay the Money but to appear and answer to the Plantiff-creditors Sute Garnishment Fr. Garnement Signifies a warning given to one for his appearance and that for the better furnishing the Cause and Court. For example one is sued for the detinue of certain Charters and says They were deliver'd to him not onely by the Plaintiff but by J. S. also and therefore prayes that J. S. may be warned to plead with the Plaintiff whether the conditions are performed or no and in this petition he is said to pray Garnishment New Book of Entries fol. 211. col 3. which may be interpreted a warning to J. S. to provide himself of a defence or else a furnishing the Court with all parties to the action whereby it may throughly determine the Cause Britton cap. 28. says Contracts are some naked and sans garnement and some furnished or to use the literal signification of his word apparelled c. Howbeit Garnishment is generally used for a warning As in Kitchin fol. 6. Garnisher le Court is to warn the Court and reasonable garnishment in the same place is reasonable warning And in the Stat. 27 Eliz. ca. 3. Upon a Garnishment or two Nichils returned c. Garranty See Warranty Garter Fr. Jartier i. Periscelis fascia poplitaria Signifies both in divers Statutes and otherwise one special 〈…〉 r being the Ensign of a great and noble Society of Knights called Knights of the Garter This high Order as appears by Camd. pa. 211. was instituted by that famous King Edward the Third upon good success in a Skirmish wherein the Kings Garter the time or occasion not mentioned was used as a token Pol. Virgil casts in a suspition of another original but his grounds by his own confession grew from the vulgar opinion however it runs thus The said King after he had obtained divers great Victories King John of France King James of Scotland being both prisoners in the Tower of London at one time King Henry of Castile the Bastard expulsed and Don Pedro restored by the Prince of Wales did upon no weightier occasion first institute this Order in Anno 1350 viz. He dancing with the Queen and other Ladies of the Court took up a Garter that hapned to fall from one of them whereat some of the Lords smiling the King said That ere long he would make that Garter to be of high reputation and shortly after instituted this Order of the Blew Garter which every Companion of the Order is bound to wear daily richly adorned with Gold and Precious Stones and having these words wrought upon it HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENCE which is thus interpreted Evil be to him that evil thinks or rather thus Shame take him that thinks evil Sir John Fern in his Glory of Generosity fol. 120. agrees

Charter of Feossment if all the witnesses to the Deed be deed then Violent Presumption which stands for a proof is continual and quiet Possession Coke on Littl. lib. 1. ca. 1. sect 1. Praesumptio stat in dubio it is doubted of yet it is accounted Veritatis comes quatenus in contrarium nulla est probatio ut regula se habet Stabitur praesumptio donec probetar in contrarium Presumption was anciently taken for intrusion Assultus Roberia Sterbrech Praesumptio terrae vel pecunia Regis Thesaurus inventus c. LL. Hen. 1. cap. 11. De his quae sunt de Jure Regis Pretensed Right Jus Pretensum Is where one is in possession of Lands or Tenements and another who is out claims it and sues for it here the Pretensed Right or Title is to be in him who so does sue and claim Price See Value Pricked-bread Molendinario septem panes de Conventu septem panes de Pricked-bread Monast Angl. 1 Part. fol. 496. b. Quaere Pride-gabel In the Mannor of Rodeley in Com. Gloc. is paid to this day as a Rent to the Lord of the Mannor by certain Tenants in duty and acknowledgment to him for their liberty and priviledge of Fishing for Lamprays in Severn Prid for brevity being the later syllable of Lamprid as anciently they were called and Gavel a Rent or Tribute Taylors Hist of Gavelkind fol. 112. Primo Beneficio See Beneficio Primage Anno. 32 Hen. 8. ca. 14. Is a duty due to the Mariners and Sailers for the Loading of any Ship at the setting forth from any Haven which is in some places a penny in the pound in others six pence per Pack or Bale according to the Custom of the place Primier Seisin Prima Seisina i. The first Possession Was a Branch of the Kings Prerogative whereby he had the first possession of all Lands and Tenements holden of him in cheif whereof his Tenant died seised in Fee and consequently the Rents and Profits of them until the Heir if he were of age did his homage if under age until he were But all charges arising by Primier Seisins are taken away by the Stat. 12 Car. 2. cap. 24. Prince Princeps Is sometimes taken for the King himself but more properly for the Kings Eldest Son who is Prince of Wales as the Eldest Son to the French King is called Dauphine both being Princes by their Nativity Ferns Glory of Generosity pag. 138. Before Edward the Second was born at Carnarvan and was the first Prince of Wales the Kings Eldest Son was called Lord Prince Stamf. Praerog ca. 22. fol. 75. See 27 Hen. 8. ca. 26. And 28 Ejusdem ca. 3. Principal Principalium An Heir-lome Quod vide In Urchenfield Com. Heref. certain Principals as the best Beast best Bed best Table c. pass to the eldest Childe and are not subject to Partition Also the cheif person in some of the Inns of Chancery is called Principal of the House See Ancient Principality of Chester Anno 21 Rich. 2. ca. 9. See County Palatine and Cromp. Jurisd fol. 137. Prior perpetual or Dative and removeable Anno 9 Rich. 2. ca. 4. And 1 Edw. 4. ca. 1. Lord Prior of Saint Johns of Jerusalem Anno 26 Hen. 8. ca. 2. See Abbot Priors Aliens Priores Alieni Were certain Religious Men born in France and Normandy and Governors of Religious Houses erected for Outlandish Men here in England which were by Henry the Fifth thought no good Members for this Land and therefore suppressed whose Livings were afterwards by Henry the Sixth given to other Monasteries and Houses of Learning Stows Annals pag. 582. And 1 Hen. 5. ca. 7. but specially to the erecting of those two famous Colledges called The Kings Colledges of Cambridge and Eaton 2 Part Inst fo 584. Priority Prioritas Signifies an Antiquity of Tenure in comparison of another less ancient As To hold by Priority is to hold of a Lord more anciently than of another Old Nat. Br. fo 94. So to hold by Posteriority is used in Stamf. Praerog ca. 2. fol. 11. The Lord of the Priority shall have the custody of the Body c. Cromp. Juris fol. 120. See Posteriority Prisage Prisa Fr. Pris Is that Custom or Share that belongs to the King or Lord Admiral out of such Merchandises as are taken at Sea by way of lawful Prize which is usually a Tenth part 31 Eliz. ca. 5. Prisage of Wines Anno 1 Hen. 8. ca. 5. Is a word almost out of use now called Butlerage because the Kings cheif Butler receives it which is a Custom whereby the King challenges out of every Bark loaden with Wine containing Twenty Tuns or more two Tun of Wine the one before the other behinde the Mast at his price which is Twenty shillings for each Tun yet this varies according to the Custom of the place for at Boston every Bark laden with Ten Tuns of Wine or above pays Prisage See Butlerage and Calthrops Reports fol. 20. And 4 Part Inst fol. 30. MEmorandum quod Rex habet ex antiqua consuetudine de qualibet Nave Mercatoris Vini 6 Careat Applican infra aliquem portum Angliae de viginti doliis duo dolia de decem doliis unum de Prisa Regia pro quodam certo ab antiquo constitut solvend P. Rec. 20 R. 2. Prise Prisa From the Fr. Prendre i. Capere Signifies in our Statutes the things taken of the Kings Subjects by Purveyers Anno 13 Edw. 1. ca. 7. and 28 Ejusdem stat 3. ca. 2. It signifies also a Custom due to the King An. 25 Ejusdem ca. 5. Reg. of Writs fol. 117. b. In forancis paginis antiquis says the Learned Spelman Prisae plerumque intelliguntur de annonae reique frumentariae captionibus aliis etiam necessariis ad alenda instruendaque castrorum praefidia nec non regiam familiam minori quam justo pretio agricolis areptis c. In Rescripto quodam Anno 3 Edw. 1. Norf. ss Rogerus de Monte alto qui sororem haeredem Hugonis de Albeney c. desponsaverat clamat habere libertates has subscriptas viz. Castellum suum de Risinge cum Prisis 40 dierum c. Ubi clausulam cum Prisis 40 dierum intelligo de libertate capiendi victualia quae vocant ad sustentationem praesidiarii militis Castri sui ita quod pretium reddat infra 40 dies See the Stat. 12 Car. 2. ca. 24. Prisoner Fr. Prisonnier Signifies one that is restraiued of his liberty upon any Action Civil or Criminal or upon Commandment And a Man may be Prisoner upon Matter of Record or Matter of Fact Prisoner upon Matter of Record is he who being present in Court is by the Court committed to Prison onely upon an Arrest be it by the Sheriff Constable or other Stamf. Pl. Cor. lib. 1. ca. 32. fol. 34 35. Privation Privatio A bereaving or taking away Most commonly applied to a Bishop or Rector of a Church when by Death or

Sciatis me dedisse Willielmo filio Radulphi de Filungele pro homagio servicio suo propter Duellum quod fecit pro me Duas virgatus terrae Sine Dat. M. S. penes Will. Dugdale Ar. Duke Lat. Dux Fr. Duc Signified among the ancient Romans Ductorem exercitus such as Led their Armies Since which they were called Duces to whom the King committed the Custody or Regiment of any Province In some Nations at this day the Soveraigns of the Country are called by this Name as Duke of Russia Duke of Savoy c. In England Duke is the next in Secular Dignity to the Prince of Wales And as Camden says Heretofore in the Saxons time were called Dukes without any addition being ineer Officers and Leaders of Armies After the Conqueror came in there were none of this Title till Edward the Thirds dayes who made Edward his Son Duke of Cornwal after which there were more made in such sort as their Titles descended to their Posterity They were created with Solemnity per cincturam gladii Cappaeque circuli aurei in Capite impositionem Vide Cam. Britan. p. 166. Zazium de feudis pa. 4. Num. 7. Cassan de Consuetud Burg. pa. 6 10. And Ferns Glory of generosity pa. 136. Dutchy-Court Is a Court wherein all matters appertaining to the Dutchy or County-Palatine of Lancaster are decided by the decree of the Chancelor of that Court the Original of it was in Henry the Fourths days who obtaining the Crown by Deposing Richard the Second and having the Dutchy of Lancaster by Descent in Right of his Mother was seized thereof as King and not as Duke So that all the Liberties Franchises and Jurisdictions of the said Dutchy passed from the King by his Great Seal and not by Livery or Atturnement as the Possessions of Everwick the Earldom of March and such others did which had descended to the King by other Ancestors then the Kings But at last Henry the Fourth by Authority of Parliament passed a Charter whereby the Posessions Liberties c. of the said Dutcky were sever'd from the Crown yet Henry the Seventh reduced it to its former nature as it was in Henry the Fifths days Crom. Jur. fol. 136. The Officers belonging to this Court are the Chancellour Atturney Receiver-General Clerk of the Court Messenger Besides which there are certain Assistants as one Atturney in the Exchequer one Atturney of the Dutchy in Chancery four Persons learned in the Law retained of Councel with the King in the said Court whereof Gwin in Preface to his Readings speaks thus It grew out of the grant of King Edward the Third who gave that Dutchy to his Son John of Gant and endowed it with such Royal Right as the County Palatine of Chester had And for as much as it was afterward extinct in the Person of King Henry the Fourth by reason of the Union of it with the Crown the same King suspecting himself to be more rightfully Duke of Lancaster then King of England determined to save his Right in the Dutchy whatever should befall the Kingdom and therefore he separated the Dutchy from the Crown and setled it so in the natural Persons of Himself and his Heires as if he had been no King or Politic Body at all In which condition it continued during the Reign of Henry the Fifth and Henry the Sixth that descended from him But when Henry the Fourth had by recovery of the Crown recontinued the Right of the House of York he feared not to appropriate that Dutchy to the Crown again yet so that he suffer'd the Court and Officers to remain as he found them In which manner it came together with the Crown to Henry the Seventh who liking well of Henry the Fourths Policy by whose Right also he obtained the Kingdom made a like separation of the Dutchy and so left it to His Posterity who still injoy it Cowel Dum fuit infra aetatem Is a Writ which lies for him who before he came to full age made a Feoffment of his Land to recover it again from the Vendee Fitz. Nat. Br. fol. 192. Dum non fuit compos mentis He who being not of found Memory and Aliens any Lands or Tenements may have this Writ against the Alience Fitz. Nat. Brev. fol. 202. Duplicat Is used by Crompton for a second Letters Patent granted by the Lord Chancellour in a Case wherein he had formerly done the same and was therefore thought void Crom. Jurisd fol. 215. Also a second Letter written and sent to the same party and purpose as a former for fear of a miscarriage of the first or for other reason is called a Duplicat The word is used 14 Car. 2. ca. 10. Duress Duritia Is where one is kept in Prison or restrained of his Liberty contrary to the Order of Law or threatned to be kill'd maym'd or beaten And if such person so in Prison or in fear of such Threats make any Specialty or Obligation by reason of such Imprisonment or Threats such Deed is void in Law and in an Action brought upon such Specialty the Party may Plead That it was made by Duresse and so avoid the Action Broke in his Abridgment joyneth Dures and Manasse together i. duritiam minas hardship and threatnings Dyke-reeve A Bailiff or Officer that has the care and over-sight of the Dykes and Draines in Deeping-Fens c. mentioned Anno 16 17 Car. 2. ca. 11. E. EAlderman or Ealdorman Aldermannus Among the Saxons was as much as Earl among the Danes Cam. Britan. pa. 107. Also an Elder Senator or States-Man and at this day we call them Aldermen who are Associates to the Chief Officer in the Common-Councel of a City or Borough-Town 24 H. 8. ca. 13. Sometimes the Chief Officer himself is so called See Alderman Earl Sax. Eorl Comes This Title in ancient times was given to those who were Affociates to the King in his Councels and Martial-Actions And the manner of their Investiture into that Dignity was Por cincturam gladio Comitatus without any Formal Charter of Creation See Mr. Dugdales Warwickshire fol. 302. But the Conquerour as Camden notes gave this Dignity in Fee to His Nobles annexing it to this or that County or Province and allotted them for their Maintenance a certain proportion of Money arising from the Princes Profits for the Pleadings and Forfeitures of the Provinces For example he brings an ancient Record in these words Henricus 2. Rex Angliae bis verbis Comitem creavit Sciatis nos fecisse Hugonem Bigot Comitem de Norf. c. de tertio denario de Norwic. Northfolk sicut aliquis Comes Angliae liberius Comitatum suum tenet About the Reign of King John and ever since our Kings have made Earles by their Charter of this or that County Province or City but of late giving them no Authority over the County nor any part of the Profits arising by it onely some Annual Fee out of the

Kinred of a slain person in recompence of his Murder LL. Aedmundi cap. ult Frum-stol Sax. Sedes primaria the cheif Seat or Mansion-House by some called the Fome-stal LL. Inae Regis cap. 38. Frussura from the Fr. Froissure A breaking down or demolishing Dedi eis nonam garbam tam in Frussuris quae de novo fiunt quam in c. Mon. Angl. 2 Par. fol. 394. b. Frustrum terrae A small peece of Land Residuum quiddam praeter acras numeratas vel campum mensuratum Cum in Domesday Frustrum terrae accipiatur pro ampla portione seorsum à campo villâ Manerio jacenti Domesday tit Hantisc Rex Abedestone In Insula habet Rex unum Frustrum terrae unde exemit 61. Vomeres lego Frustum Spelm. Fryth Sir Edward Coke on Littl. fol. 5. b. expounds it a Plain between two Woods a Lawnd Chaucer uses it for a Wood. Camden in his Britan. for an Arm of the Sea or great River Maketh his issue into the Estuary or Frith of Thames Smith in his Englands Improvement makes it signifie all Hedg-wood except Thorns How to reconcile these I know not but am sure the Saxon Friþ signifies Peace Frythborgh from the Sax. Friþ i. Pax and borge fidejussor Et sint quieti de Frythborgh de Blodewite Fithwyte Ferdwyte c. Record Pasch 6 Hen. 4. Rot. 24. It might here signifie a Freedom from giving security of the Peace Fuage or Focage a foco In the Reign of Edward the Third the Black Prince of Wales having Aquitain granted him laid an Imposition of Fuage or Focage upon the Subjects of that Dukedom viz. A shilling for every Fire called Herth-Silver Rot. Parl. 25 Edw. 3. Fuer Fr. fuir Lat. fugere Though it be a Verb yet it is used substantively and is twofold Fuer en feit in facto when a Man does apparently and corporally flie and Fuer en ley in lege when being called in the County he appears not until he be outlawed which is flighs in the interpretation of Law Stamf. Pl. Cor. lib. 3. cap. 22. Fugacia Signifies a Chase and is all one with Chasea Charta Matildis Imperatricis Miloni de Glouc. Fugitives Goods Bona fugitivorum Are the proper Goods of him that flies upon Felony which after the flight lawfully found do belong to the King or Lord of the Mannor Coke vol. 6. fol. 109. b. See Waif Fumage Fr. Fumagium Dung or a Manuring with Dung. Et sint quieti de Fumagio Maremio cariando c. Carta R. 2. Priorat de Hertland Pat. 5 Ed. 4. par 3. m. 13. Fumathoes or Fumadoes 14 Car. 2. cap. 31. Our Pilchards garbaged salted hanged in the smoak and pressed are so called in Italy and Spain whither they are carried in great numbers Furca Seucatefurcia fossa i. Gallows and Pit In ancient Priviledges it signified a Jurisdiction of punishing Felons that is Men with Hanging Women with Drowning Of which last take this notable example out of the Records of Rochester Church in the time of Gilbert Bishop there who flourished under Richard the First Anno 1200. Item duo mulieres venerunt in villam de Suffliete quae furatae fuerunt multos pannos in villa de Croindone secuti sunt eas homines ejusdem villae de Croindone quorum pannos furtiv● asportaverunt usque in villam de Suffliete ibi captae fuerunt incarceratae habuerunt judicium suum in Curia de Suffliete ad portandum calidum ferrum quarum una fuit salva altera damnata unde submersa fuit in Bikepole Et hoc totum contigit tempore Gilberti Domini Episcopi in quolibet judicio fuerunt Coronarii Domini Regis Et Paulus de Stanes fuit tunc Cacherellus de Hundredo de Acstane Et per illud tempus Robertus de Hecham Monachus fuit custos de Manerio de Suffliete ad mulieres judicandas fuit Dominus Henricus de Cobeham alii plures homines discreti homines de Patria Fossa is taken away but Furca remains says Sir Edward Coke in his 3 Inst fol. 58. Furlong Sax. Furlang Is a quantity of Ground containing for the most part forty Perches or Poles in length and every Pole sixteen foot and a half eight of which Furlongs make a Mile Anno 35 Edw. 1. cap. 6. It is otherwise the eighth part of an Acre yet I finde in an old Book Printed in Henry the Eighth's time That Six hundred Foot by fivefcore to the Hundred make a Furlong See Acre In the former signification the Romans call it Stadium in the later Jugerum Furlong is sometimes used for a piece of Land of more or less Acres Omnibus Christi Fidel. Johannes Blount de Eye Arm. Dedit Thomae Croft Francisco Lovel Arm. unum Forlongum terrae arabilis continen per aestimationem quatuor Acras c. Dat. 20 Jan. 3 Eliz. Furnage Furnagium Fr. Fournage Est tributum quod Domino furni a sectatoribus penditur ob furni usum Multis enim in locis tenentur vasalli ad coquendum panes suos in furno Domini Est etiam lucrum seu emolumentum quod pistori conceditur in pistionis sumptus mercedem Et tunc potest pistor de quolibet quarterio frumenti lucrare 4 Den. furfur duos panes ad furnagium Assisa panis Cervisiae Anno 51 Hen. 3. See Fornagium Furr from the Fr. fourer i. pelliculare to line with Skins The Stat. 24 Hen. 8. cap. 13. mentions divers kindes of it as Sables which is a rich Fur of colour between Black and Brown being the Skin of a Beast called a Sable of bigness between a Polecat and an ordinary Cat and of fashion like a Polecat bred in Russia but most and best in Tartaria Lucerns which is the Skin of a Beast so called being near the bigness of a Woolf of colour between Red and Brown and mingled with Black-spots bred in Muscovia and Russia and is a very rich Fur. Genets that is the Skin of a Beast so called of bigness between a Cat and a Weezle mailed like a Cat and of that nature bred in Spain whereof there are two kindes Black and Grey and the Black the more precious having black spots upon it hardly to be seen Foins is of fashion like the Sable bred in France for the most part the top of the Fur is Black and the Ground whitish Martern is a Beast very like the Sable the Skin something courser the best are in Ireland Miniver is nothing but the Bellies of Squirrels as some say others say it is a little Vermin like a Weezle Milk white and comes from Muscovy Fitch is that which we otherwise call the Polecat Shanks are the Skin of the Shank or Leg of a kinde of Kid which bears the Fur we call Budge Calaber is a little Beast in bigness near a Squirrel of colour Grey and bred most in High Germany Fustic A kinde of Wood which Dyers use and is brought