which was afterward Edward I. vt maturiùs ad res gerendas grauiores experiens redderetur fit Walliae Princeps simúlque Aquitaniae ac Hyberniae praefectus Vnde natum vt deinceps vnusquisque Rex hoc secutus institutum Filium maiorem natu Walliae Principem facere consueuerit It is true that Wales with Gascoigne Ireland and some other Territories in England were giuen to this Prince Edward vppon his marriage with Elianor daughter to Alfonso King of Spain Yet the Principality of Wales was not in that gift so speciall to this purpose For after the other it comes in the Patent in these words only k Archiu 39. Hen. 3. Vnà cum conquestu nostro Walliae When this Edward was King he made his sonne Edward of Caernaruan Prince of Wales a more particular course in policie vsd about it is in som of our stories whither I referre you and by that name and Earle of Chester sommond him to Parliament But all these made nothing to inuest the Title perpetually in the Heirs apparant although some haue deliuerd otherwise For this Edward of Caernaruan afterward Edward II. sommond his eldest sonne Prince Edward by the name of Earle of Chester and Flint only But when this Prince was King Edward III. he in Parliament first creats his sonne the Black Prince Duke of Cornwall quod primogenitus filius Regis Angliae qui foret hereditabilis Regno Angliae foret Dux Cornubiae quod Ducatus Cornubiae foret semper extunc primogenitis filijs Regum Angliae qui foret proximus haeres predicto Regno and giues him diuers possessions annext to the Duchie l Pat. 11. Ed. 3. memb 1. chart 1 Tenendum eidem Duci ipsius haeredum suorum Regum Angliae Filijs primogenitis et dicti loci Ducibus Since when the eldest sonnes of our Soueraigns haue been by law accounted Dukes of Cornwall in the first instant of their birth Neither only the eldest in respect of absolut primogeniture but also the second or other after the death of the first or former on whom this Title was so cast as it was lately resolud vpon good and mature reason grounded by diuers autorities and presidents for the now most noble Prince Charles Not long after the same Black Prince was inuested in the Principality of Wales Tenendum sibi heredibus Regibus Angliae since when neither is the true beginning of this Title of any other time The heirs apparant haue been honord with PRINCE OF WALES some hauing been created in like forme others only calld so The last creation was in that most hopefull blossom vntimely cropt out of Britains Garden Prince Henry whose title also was often Prince of Great Britain In Scotland the eldest sonne heire is born PRINCE OF SCOTLAND Duke of Rothsay and Stewart of the Kingdom The title of Duke of Rothsay hath so been since m Circa câ—â— cccc Robert III. first honord his eldest sonne Prince Dauid with it Yet Henry Lord Darley had it also before his marriage with Queen Mary And as Rothsay to the eldest so the Earldom of Rosse is in Scotland to the second sonne Thus speaks the n Parl. 9. Iacob 3. cap. 71. act of Parliament vnder Iames III. Our Souueraigne Lord with consent of his three Estaites of the Realme annexis till his Crowne the Earledome of Rosse with the Pertinents to remaine thereat for euer Swa that it sall not be leiffull to his hienesse or his aires nor his successoures to make alienation of the saide Erledome or ony part thereof fra his Crowne in ony wise saifand that it salbe leiffull to him and them to giue the said Erledome at their pleasance till any of his or their secunde sonnes lauchfully to be begotten twixt him and the Queene So in a manner are the Appanages in France and the Duchie of York with vs and the like In imitation of the English honor of Prince of Wales the INFANT and heir of SPAIN Infant is but o Infantes dicti passim Regum filij Roderico Toletano Rod. Santio vt Hispanicè Infantes Sonne or Child as in France les enfans le Roy had the title of Prince of Astura Principe de las Asturias which began first in Henry sonne of Iohn 1. King of Castile and Lions and afterward Henry III. of that Dominion to whom Iohn q Ita Stephanus de Garibay in Compend Histor. Hisp. lib. 15. cap. 25. ab co vulgus quòd Principem Hispaniae siue Castellae compellant Haeredem Regni arguitur of Gaunts daughter Catharine was giuen in marriage Som of their p Roderic Sant part 4. cap 22. Duque de Alencastre in Stephan de Garibay Stories ignorantly stile him Dux Alencastriae and Glocestriae aiming questionles at Lancastriae and Leicestriae for he was Earl of Leicester To that Henry and Catharine Vt Asturum Principes vocarentur datum saith Mariana more ex Anglia translato vbi Regum filij maiores Walliae Principes nominantur quod ab hoc initio susceptum ad nostram aetatem conseruatur vt Castellae Regum maiores Filij Asturum Principes sint quibus annis consequentibus Vbeda Biatia Illiturgisque sunt adiectae In the Spanish Pragmatica of câ—â— D. LXXXVI For Titles it is ordered that the Infants and Infantas of Spain shall only haue the Title of Highnesse And in the top of Letters to them shall be only writen My Lord Sennor and in the end God keep your Highnesse only and vpon the Superscription To my Lord the Infant Don N. or To my Lady the Infanta Donna N. And that Highnesse without addition is to bee vnderstood only of the Prince heir and successor Dux in the times before the Caesarean Empire And in it Limitum Duces Ducatus Tunicae Ducales Ducianum iudicium Comites and the beginning of the Honorary Comitiua vnder Constantine His Counts of three Ranks The President of making a Count of the first Rank Dukes and Counts of the first Rank made equall Comitiua Vacans and Honorarie Titles without gouernment or administration giuen about the declining Empire 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Kings Friend 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the later Greek Empire Comitiua Secundi Ordinis How the name of Count was both equall and vnder Duke Dukes and Counts at will of their supreme anciently If a Duke then should haue XII Counties vnder him The beginning of this and other Titles to be Feudall and hereditarie in the Empire The ceremony of giuing Prouinces by deliuering of one or more Banners The making of the Marquisat of Austria a Dukedom The Archdukes name his habit and Crown in ancient Charters Imperiall Magnus Dux Lithuaniae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hereditarily giuen by Constantine the great to the Prince of Athens vpon weak credit Power giuen to the Duke of Austria being made a King to create a Duke of Carniola The difference of Dukes in the Empire Who of them
289. like Los Ricos Hombres in Spain and Valuasors in the Empire ibid. A Barons ancient inuestiture and Banner 353. See in Cheualier and in Grestock and in Stafford Baro in Cicero Persius 258 Barons of the Exchequer 347. 391 Barons of the Cinque Ports 216 Baronagium Angliae Barnagium 277 Barigildi 264 Barn or Bern and Bernage 267 Bardus 260 Barkshire the old custome there in paying Reliefs 272 Bauiere the Dukedome anciently hereditarie and how vnder the French Kings 190 Bachelor Knights their deriuation 336 Batalarij and Baccalaurei 336 Bandum 354. 355 Baronetti in old Storie 355 Baronets created by King Iames. 356 357. their precedence 358 Bath Knights of the Bath 359. seq Bassa and Bassilar 376 Beaumont first Viscount in England 256 Beauchamp first Baron by Patent 281 Bel. 9 Belenus and Belin who they were in the British and Gaulish Idolatrie 9. 10 Belatucadre a British Deitie 10 Belus was Nimrod 6. seq how they came to be the same 9. seq Beltishazzar the name of Daniel 66 Beldigian the Aethiopique Emperor his title 86. 88 Belul Gian i. Prester Iohn 85 Belisama Minerua a Goddesse in an old Inscription 11 Bees mongst them an exemplarie State 4 Benauente first Dukedome in Castile 205 Beta's in the Coat of Constantinople 21 Berosus the true one 8. the false one 17 Besemi Allahi alrrhehmeni alrrhehimi the beginning of euery Azoar of the Alâ—oran and of the Mahumedans bookes and spoken religiously in the beginning of euery work vndertaken 101 Beg and Beglerbeg 377. 379 Begluc and Beglerbegluc 377 Bilinumtia 10 Bishops anciently inuested by the Staffe or Rod and Ring 200. the making of Bishops without Conge d'eslier giuen to Ed. VI. by Act of Parlament 201 Birrus 194 Bishops how Barons 282. 347. wont to sit in the Sherifs Turne 225. when that altered ibid. 388 Bishops titles 118 Bishops how they partake of the Prerogatiues of the Greater Nobilitie 347 Bij 383 Black Prince See Prince of Wales Bohemia created into a Kingdome 28 Britons and Britain A prophecie that the Britons should be Emperors of Rome 38. Constantine the Great born in Britain 37. See Christian and in England and English Breunin and Uhrennin i. King 45 Bretagne The Dukes greatnes there 116. forbidden to write Dei gratia ibid. Of that was the first Duke known by the distinct Title in France 149 Bructerans where they had their habitation 176 Brutes Oracle 36 Breeches how in vse anciently 148 Buccellatum what 336 Bulk Bulcoglar and Bulcouitz 78 Bulgarie the Kings prerogatiue there by indulgence from the Eastern Empire 22. 23 C CArpi Carpisculus what 72 Caradenizi 1. Mare delle Zabach 90 Carachan Carchan a dignitie 89 Carathay 90 Cardarigan and Carderigas dignities 90. 91 Calendar 378 Carniola Dukedome to be made by the Archduke 193 Carpaluc 1. Mare delle Zabach in Scythian 90 Cafe the place heretofore of the inauguration of the Sophi 95 Cap of Purple of the Moscouite 152 Cappa Honoris 207. 239 Capitaneus and Capitania 265. 289 Caesar and Caesarea Celsitudo giuen to the Grand Signior 104 Caesar Iul. how he refused the name of King 19. Caesar how that Title began in the Empire 69. when in the Successors apparant 170. it signifies an Elephant 69. 70 Caesar as it was a dignity in the Eastern Empire 171. 122 Capitales Baroniae 276 Capita Captiuitatis 154 Capellani or Chaplains whence so call'd 243 Caduceus of Mercurie 155 Caruagia and Carucagia 270 Causia the Macedonian Cap. 145 Capcanus 91 Canis in the Scaligeran Family 92 Canopie born by whom 216 Cam or Can See Cham. Caliph See Chaliph Caspian Sea or Mer de Bachu 106 Catholique the Title of Spain 80. 131 Caualieri di Sprone di Collana 383 Celebalatzaijr 1. the Procyon 13 Celts a genèrall name for the Europaeans 75 Celsitudo 120 Ceremonie in making the Chaliph 95. for Ceremonies see in Annointing in Banners in Sword in Bishops 152. and in Earth and Water in Inuestiture 207 Cernouitz 78 Chaldaeans their incredible stories of 150000. yeares 61 Chaldè in Aethiopia 86. 23 Chaganus whence and what 91 Cham Chahan Can. 90. 383 Cham or Chan of Cathay the Title whence 87. seque his Title 92. and see 98. Champagne Palatins 246 Chanaranges a dignitie 91 Chanoglan 89 Chaplets of leaues worne by Kings 145. 152 Chastellans of Poland 24â— Chaliphs and Chaliphat the ancient and their ends 93. what and whence Caliph 94. 97. Chalifs inauguration 95 Chaliph and Papa being the same 90 Chaliph of Bagdet his Tiar or Cidaris 146. 147 Chazaria 1. Taurica Chersonesus 91 Cheque what 111 Chondichâ—ar a Turkish addition of greatnesse 103 Children receiued at their birth in purple 83 Children like their parents in Praefatione Christ figured in the two first letters of his name 161 Christianissimus to the French 78 Christianitie speciallie among the Franks very ancient 79 Christian King first in Britain 78 Chlouis of France was not annointed King 131 Childbirth See Adam Chester a Writ of Right for part of the possessions of the Earldome anciently against Iohn the Scot Earle there 233. 244. made a Countie Palatin 247 Cheualier euery Parlamentary Baron so called in his Writ 283. whence deriu'd 332. the same with Miles 332. 334 Cheorlborn and Cheorlman mongst our Saxons 267. 268 Cinque Ports 216. See Barons Cimbrians who 294 Cidaris Citaris 144 Citie first built 14 16 Cingis or Cinchis Cham. 87. 88. 92 Cingulum Militis 309. Cingulum Otiosum Dignitatis militiare 312 Cinctura See in Dukes and Earles created Clarissimus 383 Cleargie men not to iudge in life and death 253 Cleta 76 Clito and Clitunculus 176 Cock See in Nergal Collar of SS 343 Collars giuen to Knights 362. 333 Common wealth how it began 2 Computation of years from the beginning of the world 6. and see in the Title of the old Roman Emperors 19. of the late and Christian. 171 Persian computation from their Neuruz 112. from the Arabian or Mahomedan Hegira 163 Compagnon le Roy. 44 Comes 220. how it differd from or was the same with Dux 182. 183 184. 186. 187. seq the same with Dux and Maâ—chio sometimes 213 Comes Matronae 219 Comites Maiores Minores 187 220 Comes See Counts Primi Secundi Tertij Ordinis 183 Comitiua 183. 184. seq Primi Ordinis ibid. Comitatenses Legiones 220 Comites Consistoriani 220 Comites whence the word deriu'd 228. 232 Comitiua Vacans 184 Comes Palatij was not the same with Maire du Maison 243. and of them more there following 385 Commarepani 209. 319 Consilium Domini Regis 279 Countors 292 Constable of England 216 Congé d'eslier 201 Concret See in Abstract Court Baron 273 Constantinople the Coat 21 Constantine the Great first of the Emperors writing himself Dominus publiquely 48. his DonatioÌ„ to the See of Rome 56. 151. he first vsd a Diadem how
with doubt that before Henry III. as well Barons * v. Camdeni Northumbriam of Earls if of like worth as the Kings Barons came all to Parlament For not only the Counts Palatine had their Barons to attend on them in their Courts whereof see the learned Clarenceulx in his Cheshire But also other Earls and by that name Willielmus Comes Glocestriae Dapifero suo Omnibus Baronibus suis hominibus Francis Anglis salutem saith a Deed in my hands of William Earl of Glocester vnder Henry II. And nothing is more common in old Charters of Earls of those times then Omnibus Baronibus Militibus Hominibusque meis which I would translate to all my tenants of whole Baronies to all such as hold of mee by Knights seruice and to my other Tenants Neither was the title of Prince due to any by ancient opinion which had not some Barons vnder him Yet Earls and all aboue them are cleerly Princes Therefore in the r Th. de Walsingham A. 1278. Concord twixt Lewhelin Prince of Wales and Edward I. fiue Barons about Snowdon and their Homages were reseru'd to Lewhelin quia se Principem conuenienter vocare non posset nisi sub se aliquos Barones haberet ad vitam suam And the King had Barones suos so distinguisht An old s Placit apud Theokesb coram W. de Ralegh ante Pentecost 18. Hen. 3 rot 1. in dors Sussex Record Dominus Rex mandauit Petro de Riuallis quod mitteret ei Willielmum Filium Heredem Iohannis de Breuse eo quod debuit esse Baro suus Homo suus ad Nutriendum in Domo sua And Barones Regis ipsius Archiepiscopi atque illorum Episcoporum homines multi are rememberd in an old plea t In praefat D. Ed. Coke ad Commentar 9. vnder the Conqueror between Lanfrank Archbishop of Canterburie and Odo Bishop of Bayeux Therfore in the Graund Charter you read Si quis Comitum vel Baronum nostrorum siue aliorum tenentium de Nobis c. because then were ther diuers Barons which were not immediat Barones Regis yet at that time perhaps Parlamentarie where also is confirmd that value of a Baronie at CD Marks yeerly reuenue the Relief of the Kings Baron beeing by ancient custom of England C. Marks For the Relief is alwaies in the Dignities of this State the fourth part of the Reuenue as euery yong Student knows and is toucht in the Chapter of Counts Yet note that as touching Barons and Counts that custom was not till K. Iohn when the Grand Charter was first made or K. Henry III. his time For De Baronijs saith u Ita etiam Geruas Tilburiensis in Dialog de Scaccario Glanuil writing of Reliefs vnder Hen. II. nihil certum statutum est quia iuxta voluntatem misericordiam Domini Regis solent Baroniae Capitales de Releuijs suis Domino Regi satisfacere Where obserue the distinction of Baroniae Capitales from such as were of like possessions but Tenants and Barons to subiects And it might be collected that vntill by this proportion of Relief brought to a certaintie and grounded vpon the value of a Knights fee the Relief whereof was by Common law certain the distinct number of Knights Fees for a Baronie was not vsed I am as yet of that opinion Yet such as neither held XIII Knights Fees and a third part of the King or any other were notwithstanding and by reason of their Dominion and Lordship titled in those times Barons that is euery Lord of a Mannor whence as before is said the name of Court Baron remains For in the x 9. Rich. 1. Houed part post sol 442. 443. report of the Aid and Hydage granted to Richard 1. the order was that the Collectors should cause to come before them Senescallos Baronum illius Comitatus de qualibet villa Dominum vel Balliuum Uillae and that for the leuying of it quilibet Baro cum Vicecomite facerct districtiones super homines suos And thus were there in those times three sorts of Barons by Dominion and Iurisdiction Barones Regis whose Baronies were Capitales The Barons of Subiects holding not of the King but by a mesnalitie and both Parlamentarie if possessing XIII Knights Fees and the third part but a third rank of such as were Lords of Mannors but not of so large possessions or Reuenue Out of this may be vnderstood why and in what sense Baronagium Angliae Rex Baronagium suum and sine assensu Baronagij sui or Barnagij sui so often occurre in our old stories taken as well for the King and the whole State somtimes as for the Greater Nobilitie For although Counts had not then their speciall creations into Barons as of later time yet hauing their Reuenue of CCCC pounds they were Comites or Comitum Pares and so the lest value which was the possessions of the Baron the lest of the Greater Nobilitie being so many Marks that all might be comprehended the generall name of Baronagium somtimes Barnagium was applied and in that kind by the name of Baronie one anciently y Gower prolog in Confess Amantis speaks of the whole Nobilitie The Priuiledge of Regalie Was safe and all the Baronie Worshipd was in his estate and. an old z Chez Cl. and Fanchet d Orig. liure 2. chap. 5. Romant of the French De Courtoise de Bernage Ot il assez en son courage Where Bernage for Baronage is taken saith Fauchet for Noblesse perhaps rather for Humanitie But somtimes Rex Baronagium suum is for the King and all his subiects or the whole Parlament representing them And so it comes from Baron as it interprets a Man or Tenant as if you should say Rex Homines sui Out of this discourse is vnderstood also why euery Lord of a Mannor hath his Court Baron and why our Plea in the Common-law of Hors de son Fee is exprest in a Mich. 5. Ed. 2. fol. 66. Ms. Int. Temp. Biblioth Cas. VValton Covvike ancient time by Hors de Vostre Baronie and how a Tenure per Baroniam might then bee of a subiect as also what is b West 2. cap. 46. v. 23. Ed. 3. fol. 11. Cas. 9. tenere per Baroniam per partem Baroniae and what the demanding of a Baronie by Writ in our year-books is whereof examples are 1. Ed. 3. fol. 9. b Louedayes assise 18. Ed. 2. tit Assise 382. 2. Ed. 3. fol. 6. b. and such more and how the Tenures of all Baronies were in c Case Seigneur Cromvvell Report 1. fol. 81. Chief if you vnderstand as you must the Regiae or Capitales Baroniae Of these it seems was that number of CCL which Henrie III. reckond in his Deuotions at S. Albons Nominauit saith Matthew d Paris Dominus Rex numerauit omnes Angliae quarum ei occurrit memoria Baronias inuenitque Ducentas
time professe or read it But when Lothar took Amalfi hee there found an old Copie of the Pandects or Digests which hee gaue as a precious Monument to the Pisans hence it was called h U. Ang. Politian lib. 10. Epist. Marquard Breisacio Litera Pisana from whom it hath been since in M. CD XC VI. translated to Florence where in the Dukes Palace it is almost with Religion preserued and neuer brought forth but with Torches Light and other Reuerence Vnder this Emperor Lothar began the Law to be profest at Bologna where i Odofredus apud Sigonium de Regno Italiae lib. 11. et 7. Irner or Werner as Conrad à Lichtenaw calls him first made Glosses on it about the beginning of Fr. Barbarossa in M. C. L. and by the fauor of this Lothar was Bologna vpon the aduise of Irner it seems constituted to bee k Verba Lotharij ap P. Merul. Cosmog part 2. lib. 4. cap. 33. Legum Iuris Schola vna sola And here was the first Time and Place of that Profession in the Western Empire But Iustinian expressely ordaind that none should teach the Ciuill Lawes except l Constit. de Iuris docendi rat §. Haec autem only in Constantinople Rome and Berytus which although Bartol interprets as of necessitie he was driuen to maintain his Profession with Nisi tempore ius Academiae sit quaesitum yet why then was Bologna no place for the Laws vnder Iustinian for they pretend there to haue been as an Vniuersitie from the Grant of Theodosius the yonger in CD XXIII Plainly vnder Iustinian who euer had taught out of one of those three Cities was Denarum librarum * About thirtie pounds of our monie auri poena plectendus and to be banisht out of the Citie where hee durst so professe Neither would the matter of being a Vniuersitie haue helpt it But before Lothar the Gouernment was by the Salique m Sigon de Reg. Ital. 4. et 8. sub A. 1007. Lombardian and Roman Laws the Roman beeing some piece of what had been vsd in Rome euerie one liuing according to either of them as hee would make choise About the same time also the two Bastard brothers by whose worth and of the third Peter Comestor their Mother thought shee should bee sau'd neither would repent but trusted to hir merit in bearing three so famous Gratian a Monk in Bologna and Peter Lombard at Paris one made the Decree the first Volume autorised for Can on Law by Pope Eugenius III and the other the Sentences Such as since haue writen on the Digests 〈◊〉 Code vntill the cleerer light of Learning began mongst our Fathers talk for the most part like Rablais his Bridoye Some most honord of later time that vnderstood their Text and studied the Laws as well because they would curiously know as bee meerely * Continuall Practisers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haue with iudgment instructed in part of this Purpose The Margine confesses without blushing their and all other mens helps If either Enuie or Ignorance question how I bred from the bottome of Obscuritie and so farre from Court-Custome should dare at these Honors let it know I learn'd long since from a Great Clerk that Robert Bishop of Lincoln vnder Henrie III That there was in Libraries greater aid to the true vnderstanding of Honor and Nobilitie then mongst Gold and Purple outsides Hee beeing demanded by the King Vbi n Io. de Aton in Constit. Othoboni tit de Bonis Intestat verb. Baronum Moraturam didicit quâ Filios Nobilium Procerum Regni quos secum habuerat Domicellos instruxerat cum non de Nobili prosapia sed de simplicibus traxisset originem fertur intrepidè respondisse that hee was taught it in the Courts of greater Princes then the K. of England meaning of those Ancients whose Courts were represented in his Volumes of Storie In Coniectures I durst not bee too bold Where but meer fancie can direct it were ridiculous to regard them but when they seem to offer themselues they deserue the choise of Iudgment That Religious abstinence of the old Iews who referd all such Dignos vindice Nodos as were too difficult for their humanitie to Elias his resolution were good to be proportionably more obseru'd in all Learning especially by those which are and too manie are so vnfortunat in their ghesses that on the apparantly worst of diuers they often insist Malicious Censure I regard not Ingenuous I honor Reader Farewell The summe and first Pages of the Chapters The chiefe Matter only of them the particulars being in the Contents before euery Chapter Of the first Part. CHAP. I. THe beginning of a Monarchie the first King pag. 1 CHAP. II. Difference of King and Emperor and much of them the great Duke or Emperor of Muscouy or Russia pag. 18. CHAP. III. Lord. Lord of Ireland Shah and the like pag. 46. CHAP. IV. Caesar Augustus Pharaoh Most Christian King Catholike King Defender of the Faith and such like pag. 68. CHAP. V. Prester Iohn Cham or Chan. Chaliph Amir Almumenin Of the Alcoran Persian Sophi Schach Xa Saa and the like pa. 85. CHAP. VI. Particular formes of Speaking to or by great Persons Maiesty Speaking in the Abstract or Concret Worship and 〈◊〉 pag. 114 CHAP. VII Annointing of Kings Crowns A disputation against receiued opinion of Crowns Tulipant Crowns of seuerall Princer Scepters Globe and Crosse. Croissant of the Mahumedans pag. 128. Of the second Part. CHAP. 1. PRinces apparant successors Caesar. Rex Romanorum Despot Daulphin Monsieur Etheling Clyto Prince of Wales Pr. of Scotland Infanta Prince of Astura pag. 168. CHAP. II. Dukes Of them Counts and Marquesses as the names were anciently confounded Archduke Coniecture whence the seuerall formes of Crowns for subiect Princes came into these Western parts Dukes in seuerall Nations pag. 182. CHAP. III. Marquesses in seuerall States pag. 209. CHAP. IV. Counts and Earles Graffes pag. 219. CHAP. V. Counts Palatin the speciall beginnings of euery of ours in England pag. 241. CHAP. VI. Viscounts and Vidames pag. 250 CHAP. VII Barons the Notation of the word and its seuerall Notions Thanes Vauasours and diuers like p. 258 CHAP. VIII The beginning of Feuds Of the old Saxon Tenures somewhat pag. 293. CHAP. IX Knights and ancient and later formes of Knighting A Knights Fee and Furniture Ius sigilli Aureorum Annulorum Seales Aides Miles Degrading a Knight pag. 305. CHAP. X. Esquyer Armiger Peeres pag. 340. CHAP. XI Bannerets Baronets Knights of the Bath Of the Collar or the particular Orders of Knighthood with their beginnings and chiefe particulars pag. 352. CHAP. XII Turkish Dignities some of Tartarie Clarissimus Spectabilis Illustris Superillustris Patricij pa. 376. Reader At the end are some Additions which I would haue you read with the context The Pages there noted and the Lines will direct you pag. 387. Then follow I. The Faults of the Print corrected and by them
name as designing only a Goddesse or Starre of sight generally which Cubar will well endure And those Eastern parts had euer anciently the Moon vnder both Sexes in their Deuotions Lunus k Spartian in Caracall vbi consulendus V. Cl. Is. Casaubonus and Luna Which seems not of yonger beginning then the adoration of the Sunne among the Persians which as the Crescent now to the Mahumedans was in some sort vsed and set vpon their Royall pauillions Patrio more Persarum saith l Curt. lib. 3. Xenophon lib. 8. Cyropaediae Curtius traditum est orto sole demùm procedere die iam illustri signum è tabernaculo Regis buccinâ dabatur Super tabernaculum vnde ab omnibus conspici possit image Solis crystauo inclusa fulgebat But of their Moon thus much And thus much of the Externall Ensigns of Maiestie Other particulars there are to this purpose But either so obsolet that our Age hath not to do with them as the carrying of Fier before the Persian and Roman Emperors the Ius Capillitij of France and the like Or so peculiar to some only that they are rather to be referd to the Countries custome and Ceremonie then Royall Maiestie TITLES OF HONOR SECOND PART PRinceps and Princeps Iuuentutis Caesar when first the Title for the apparant successor Rex Romanorum Despote Sebastocrator Caesar Panhypersebastus in the Eastern Empire The Despotes Crown An Innominat Title before Despote Daulphin The beginning cause and signification of that name in the French heirs Humbert Daulphin his Epitaph in Paris The Salique law and its interpretation Goropius his coniesture why the Franks allow not Womens gouernment Monsiuer title of the Brother and heire The custome of the French Peers being at the Queens Childbirth Clyto Clitunculus for the Saxon Princes Etheling or Adeling Errors of Polydore Duke of Normandie Prince of Wales when begun as proper to the Eldest son and heire of England Duke of Cornwall Prince of Scotland Duke of Rothsay Steward of Scotland Earldom of Rosse by Act of Parliament made as Appanage to the second sonnes in Scotland Infanta of Spain Prince of Astura The Pragmatica of Philip II. for writing to the Infanta of Spain CHAP. I. TO auoid the danger of an ensuing Anarchie as well in Electiue as Hereditarie Monarchies a designation hath vsually been of the next APPARANT HEIRE or successor and that by some honorary name In In the first of the Roman Empires infancie successors were by adoption appointed and stil'd Principes Iuuentutis The first example was in Octauian his adoption of Caius and Lucius sonnes of his daughter Iulia by Agrippa Yet as is before toucht with them Princeps alone was equiualent with the name of Emperor Otho to his a Tacit. Histor. 1. Annal. 1. Armie Nec priuatum me vocari sustineo Princeps a vobis nominatus nec Principem alio Imperante And of Augustus the same autor Lepidi atque Antonij arma in Augustum cessere qui cuncta discordijs ciuilibus fessa nomine Principis sub imperium accepit Thence came Principatus and b Tertullian lib. adu Hermog Principium to bee abstracts for their Power and Gouernment The affectation of this Title by the Emperors sprang from the vsuall name of Princeps Senatus which was before the Caesars known among them So did they in this preuent innouation Whereupon the dissembling Tiberius often c Dio. hist. 57. affiâ—md himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Emperor of the Armie but Prince of the Rest. But those who were constituted for succession had alwaies the addition of Iuuentutis to Princeps which Zonaras turns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Prince of the Youth The two adopted by Octauian are exprest by this name in a Coine picturd with them circled thus C. L. CAESARES AVGVSTI F. COS. DESIG PRINC IVVENT in the hands of that noble Mark Velser of Auspourg Others like are extant with that Title being as is supposd worn out of that Ancyran monument where you read EQVITES ROMANI VNIVERSI PRINCIPEM .......... HASTIS ARGENTEIS DONATVM APPELLAVERVNT The defect is supplied by coniecture of two great and most learned Critiques Casaubon and Lipsius with IVV. C. for Iuuentutis Caium And as Princeps Senatus was chief in their Senatorian order in their free State before the Caesarean Empire was the name of Princeps Iuuentutis for a chief in the Ordo Equestris So is the sonne of C. Curio named by d Orat. in Vatinium videâ— Lips Elect. lib. 2. cap. 1. Cicero From Octauian vntill Hadrian this Title remain'd for the apparant successor Thence began Caesar to that purpose For although others before which were apparant successors had that name yet in them it was as a note of their family not of their hope to the Empire But Hadrian by this name adopted Aelius Verus Of him thus Spartian Primus tantùm Caesaris nomen accepit adoptione Adriani familiae principum adscriptus And a little after Nihil habet in vita sua memorabile nisi quod primus tantùm e Iul. Capitoâ—inus in Clod. Albino docet quibus insignibus vti Caesarem licuit ex Epistolâ Commodi Aug. Ad Albinum v. Capitolin in Vero Imp. Caesar est appellatus so Casaubon reads instructed out of a Ms. in the French Kings Library non testamento vt antea solebat neque eo modo quo Traianus est adoptatus sed eo propè genere quo nostris temporibus à vestra Clementia he writes to Diocletian Maximinianus atque Constantius Caesares dicti sunt quasi quidam principum filij Viri designati Augustae maiestatis Haeredes Which disproues the tradition of Aur. Victor that in the adoption of Hadrian by Traian the name of Caesar first was the mark of succession Abhinc diuisa saith he nomina Caesarum atque Augusti inductúmque in Remp. vti duo seu plures summae potentiae dissimiles cognomento ac potestate dispari sint Caesar was then what remains to this day in the Western Empire known more vsually by REX ROMANORVM Which began with the Translation it seems of the Empire out of Greece into France Of the inauguration of Charles le magne writes Sigebert Karolo Regi Imperatorias laudes acclamant eúmque per manum Leonis Papae Coronant Caesarem Augustum appellant Pipinum verò filium eius Regem Italiae Ordinatum collaudant But it s obserud that after Charles surnam'd Crassus all the Emperors before him being meerly hereditarie enioying their Title not so much by Coronation or Vnction as right descendible no other stile was assum'd till Consecration from the Pope but Rex Romanorum and that it being had thenceforth they were all writen Augusti and Imperatores and so in their Charters was it by themselues obserud with Anno Regni so much Imperij so much Quod omnes saith a De Comitijs Imperatorijs Onuphrius posteà eius of Charles the Grosse
the fifts daughters to the Daulphin of Viennois saies ita suos Principes vocitabant Allobroges And in a Monasterie of the â—acobits at Paris I speak it vpon the credit of o Cosmog lib. 3. part 2. cap. 40. P. Merula the Epitaph of Humbert is thus conceiud Cy gist le pere tres illustre Seigneur Humbert iadis Dauphin de Viennois puis Laissant sa principaute fuit fait frere de nostre ordre Prieur de ce CoueÌ„t de Paris et en fine Patriarche d'Alexandrie et perpetuel Administrateur de l' Archeuesché de Reims Principal Bien-facteur de ce nostre Couent Il mourut l'an du grace mil trois cens cinquante cinq Hence som collection may be that Daulphin or Dauphin is taken as signyficant for Prince But not euery heire apparant with them is called Daulphin It s only the sonne and heire which hath indeed its ground in the first Donation Euery other heire apparant supposing their law Salique which excludes Females is calld the Monsieur as not many yeers since Francis Duke of Alençon and brother and heire to Henrie III. and in the memory of our Fathers Francis Duke of Engoulesme brother to Lewes II. and afterward King For their law Salique because few know any thing of it though all talk of it and it belongs to this purpose a word or two There are yet remaining and in p Edit Optima ap Goldast Constit Imperial Tom. 3. Print Leges Salicae composd as they say by foure Counsellors about Pharamunds time Wisogast Bodogast som call him Losogast Salogast and Windogast or Husogast In them you shall read thus De terra verò Salica nulla portio Haereditatis Mulieri veniat sed ad Virilem sexum Tota terrae haereditas perueniat The best interpretation of Terra salica although some will haue q Apud Hadrian Iun. in Batauiae cap. 9. it Regiam Terram Dominium Coronae Maiestatis Regiae Francorum is by our word Knights fee or land held by Knights seruice Som deriue it from * Goropius Francic ib. 2. Sal contracted from Sadel or Sadle signifying alike with vs and the old Franks which were Teutonique and calld also Salians And not long since in an Arrest in the Parliament at Burdeaux vpon controuersie r Bodin de Repub lib. 6. cap. 5. twixt two Gentlemen for priority of their houses a very old Testament being produced whereby the Testator had deuised his Salique land it was resolud in point of iudgement that this name interpreted Fiefs And who knows not that Fiefs originally were militarie gifts and as the same with our Knights Fees But the Crown or any suprem Dominion cannot be calld a Fief or Fee whose essence consists in beeing held by some tenure And good Lawiers haue thought that the text extends no otherwise Whereupon I think one now liuing s Hierom. Bignon de l'excellencie des Rois. liure 3. at Paris speaking of their Royall succession by them allowd only to Masles makes it rather a perpetuall custom then particular Law Ce n'est point saith he vn loye ecritte mais nee auec nous que nous n'auons point inventée mais l'auons puisse de Nature mesme qui le nous a ainsi apris donne cet instinct But why then is it call'd Salique and why was that law so vrg'd against our Soueraign of famous memorie Edward III. To be long and curious vpon this matter fits not this place But Goropius vndertakes a coniecture of the first cause which excluded Gynaecocratie or femall succession and gouernment among them and ghesses it to haue proceeded from their obseruation of a great misfortune in Warre which their neighbours the Bructerans a people anciently about the now Ouer-Isel one of the XVII Prouinces from neer whom he as many others deriues the Franks endur'd in time of Vespasian vnder the conduct and Empire of one e v. Tacit. Histor 4. Velleda a Ladie euen of diuine estimation amongst them But howsoeuer the Law be in truth or interpretable it is certain that to this day they haue a vse of ancient time which commits to the care of some of the greatest Peers that they when the Queen is in child-birth be present and warily obserue least the Ladies should priuily counterfeit the enheritable sex by supposing som other Male when the true birth is female or by any such means wrong their ancient custom Roiall as of this Lewes XIII born on the last of September in M. DC is after other such f Rodulph Boter Comment 8. rememberd Before the title of Daulphin I find not any speciall name for the French heir apparant Both He and his brothers are vsually in their old stories calld generally Reges as the Children of the Saxon Kings with vs are g V. Ethelwerd lib. 2. cap. 18. recentiorum complures Clytones or Clytunculi Dedit etiam consilium Edricus vt Clitunculos Eadwardum Eadmundum Regis Eadmundi filios necaret saith Roger of Houeden This Clyto Clito and Clitunculus they had from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. inclytus by which they interpreted their Saxon word Eðeling Etheling i. Noble One h Nith Angilbert hist. lib. 4. Atqui Vet. Saxonum Gens in Nobiles Liberos Libertos Seruos dispertita est ab Einhardo apud Adam Bremens hist. Eccles. cap. 5 Abbat Vrspergensem speaking of the German Saxons vnder Charles le maine hath Gens omnis in tribus ordinibus diuisa consistit Sunt n. inter illos qui Edhilingi that is Ethelingi sunt qui Frilingi sunt qui Lazzi illorum linguâ dicuntur Latinâ verò linguâ sunt Nobiles Ingenuiles atque seruiles And that Edgar sonne to Edward sonne of Edmond Ironside the last heire to the Crown of the Saxon line not mixt with the Norman is in Houeden Marian Florence and others calld Clyto Edgarus Clyto whom Henry of Huntingdon Matthew Paris and such more stile Edgarus Etheling i 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pro VV. Nobilissimis vt videtur Ducibus siue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sumitur Canut leg cap. 55. or Adeling where by the way note Polydore's ignorance titling him Edgarus cognomento Ethelingius his surname being no more Etheling then the now Englands Darling Charles his is Prince or indeed then Polydore's was Ignorant After the Conquest no speciall title more then Primogenitus filius Regis was for the Prince vntill the name of PRINCE OF WALES came to him Yet Polydore speaking of Henry the first his making his sonne William Duke of Normandie addes hinc mos serpsit vt Reges deinceps Filium Maiorem natu quem sibi successorem optassent Normanniae principatu donarent But the time which interceded Henry the first and K. Iohn vnder whom Normandie was lost will not iustifie any such thing as an honorarie Duty to the English Heires He afterward in Henry III. his XXXIX yeer saies that in Parliament Edwardus Regis filius he
Botulphi quicquid ad Tronagium Pesagium pertinet the beginning is G. Regis H Filius Dux Britanniae Comes Richmundiae where it appears he vsed Dux as different and better then Comes In England vntill Edward III. from the Norman conquest of the Saxon times presently the greatest Title next to the Prince was Count Comes now calld Earle But Edward III. created his sonue and heir Edward the Black Prince Duke of Cornwall per g 11. Ed. 3. Camdenus Sertum in capite Annulum in Digito virgam argenteam which afterward was vsd of gold Richard the II. inuested Thomas Earle of Notingham with the Dukedom of Norfolk h Pat. 21. Rich. 2 Rot. Parl. 3 Hen. 6. art 1. per appositionem cappae suo Capiti traditionem virgae aureae The Sertum was nothing but the Ducal Crown as at this day I think Fleuronée For that of the Ring it is familiar in most ancient story that the deliuery of a Ring was a signe of Principalitie giuen as in Pharaohs giuing a Ring to Ioseph in that of Ahaswerush or Xerxes reported in Esther to Haman in Alexanders doing the like to Perdiccas which made some i Q. Curt. lib. 10 Plutarch in AAlex alij consulas 1. Maccab. cap. 6. com 15. de Antiocho think him the truly designed successor And when the two Mahumedans Alem or Ali and Muhauias vpon controuersie for the Dominion of Syria were contented to submit themselues to the iudgment of the old men that so the arbitrators might haue a sufficient power iudiciall they deliuerd to them their Rings 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith my k Theophanes ap Porphyrog de ad Rom. Imp. cap. 21. autor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. which is a signe of Principalitie among the Hagarens And Lewes surnamd the Grosse of France Filium suum Ludouicum annulo inuestiuit in part of his Kingdom as one l Suger Abb. Vit. Lud. Craessi that writs his life remembers How a Ring in the Coronations of Kings is vsed the diuers and publisht orders of them shew Fac nobis reddi Coronam Annulum purpuram Caeteráque ad Inuestituram Imperialem pertinentia are the m Helmold Chron. Slauor 1. cap. 32. words of those Bishops which came to the Emperor Henry v. to depose him Of the Ring we shall haue more occasion to speak anon in another n Vbi de iure Annulorum Aur. place Both Rod and Ring were vsd anciently in Imperiall and Royall inuestitures of Bishopriques which were proportionat to Counties or Dukedoms and therefore may be opportunely here rememberd The great controuerfies about it twixt that Henry v. and Pope Paschal the 11. and at length the same Emperors remitting his right to Calixtus 11. are easily known out of the stories of those times The custom of the o Georgius Phranz lib. 3. cap. 19. Constantinopolitan Empire was as for the Staffe alike And in this Isle à multis annis retroactis saith Iugulph Abbot of Crowland he liud at the Norman Conquest nulla electio praelatorum erat merè libera Canonica sed Omnes Dignitates tam Episcoporum quam Abbatum per Annulum Baculum Regis Curia pro sua complacentia conferebat The rod or Pastoralis baculus as they calld it was vsually kept in the Bishoprique or Monasterie and at euery new inuestiture deliuerd by the King or other Patron as the case was to the new elect For the p Ita Malmesb. de Gest. Pontific lib. 3. in Episcop Lindisfarnensibus lib. 2. de gest Reg. cap. 8. ex Archiu Glascon Election was in the Clergie but the confirmation by this means with staffe or rod or Ring And therefore when K. Edgar most liberally gaue new priuiledges to Glastenbury yet sibi suisque haeredibus tribuendi fratri Electo pastoralem Baculum potestatem retinuit Afterward Henrie 1. about that same time when Pope Paschal so much opposd it in the Empire Anselm Archbishop of Canterburie being a speciall ageâ—t herein for the See of Rome inuestituram Annuli Baculi indulsit in perpetuum retento tamen so saies the Monk of Malmesburie Electionis Regalium priuilegio And q De gest Pontific lib. 1. de hac re Turba Monachorum Concessit Papa vt Rex homagia de electis acciperet sed nullum per Baculum annulum inuestiret In report whereof all our Stories consent Which makes me suspect this relation in Matthew Paris A. D. M. C. XIII Rex Henricus dedit Archiepiscopatum Cantuariensem Rodulpho Londoniensi Episcopo illum per Annulum Pastoralem Baculum inuestiuit This Rodulph or Ralph was successor to Anselm but was not Bishop of London but of Rochester Neither do the more ancient Stories of Florence Houeden Huntingdon Malmesbury and the like speak of this kind of inuestiture to him Matthew of Westminster follows the words of Paris only he hath in him misprinted Richardo for Rodulpho But after that remission by the King it s not likely he would so soon vse the ceremonie about which so much difference and controuersie had been Neither would the See of Rome haue bin so silent vpon such a r Haeresis de Inuestitura eo aeuo nonnullis dicta Goffrid Abbas Vindocinens Opuscul tract 〈◊〉 v. Anselm Epist. 12. Iuonem Carnot Epist. 257. fact as at that time specially it so much impugned But long after when England discharged it self of that Romish yoake this liberty of collation and inuestiture but not with these ceremonies was resnmd to the Crown by act of Parliament s Stat. 1. Ed. 6. cap. 2. quod rescidit Parliamentum 1. Mar. Sess. 2. cap. 2. quod etiam caput Mariae refixit Parliam 1. Iacob Sess. 1. cap. 25. constituting that without any Conge d'Eslier the King might bestow Archbishopriques and Bishopriques by his letters Patents which should bee to all intents and purposes as though Conge d'eslier had been giuen the election duely made and the same confirmed This was vnder Edward VI. and repealed by Q. Marie whose act of Repeale stands now also repealed But this out of the way How those Ceremonies belong to Bishops now especially of the Roman Church you may best learn from a Durant de Ritib Eccles. 2. cap. 9. aly Writers whose direct purpose is of things of that matter Yet some creations of the time of Edward III. haue nothing of the Rod. When Iohn of Gaunt was made Duke of Lancaster in Parliament the King ceincta as the b Rot. Pal. 36. Ed. 3. membr 4. Roll speaks son dit filz Iohan d'un Espeie mist sur sa eeste vn Cappe furre disus vn Cercle d' or de peres luy nosma fist Duc de Lancastre Here is the Cap the Crown the Sword but no Rod. Vnder Rihard II. c Parl. 9. R'ch 2. memb 5. art 15. Thomas Duke of Glocester is inuested in Parliament pâ—r Gladij cincturam
Pilei circuli aurei impositionem and a Charter deliuered him and diuers others like occurre in the Rols But the Charters of Creation of them of later times are Nomen c. Dignitatem Ducis N. damus concedimus atque per Gladij cincturam Cappae Circuli aurei impositionem in Capite Traditionem virgae aureae realiter investimus Where the Ring as also in more ancient times is omitted and the Sword Cap and Coronet rememberd But long before Edward the III. the name of Dux is in our stories and ancient Charters Yet hardly twixt him and the Norman Conquest It seems it was the rather abstaind from in that time because the Conquerors title in Normandie whence he came was at the best no greater But in the Saxon Raign it is very frequent In a Charter of K. Edgar to the Abbey d Ingulphus of Crowland dated DCCCC LXVI is subscription of witnesses after the Bishops Abbots and Abbesses but the precedence is not alwayes obserud thus Ego Orgarus Dux constitui ✚ Ego Ailwnius Dux constabiliui ✚ Ego Oslacus Dux affui ✚ Ego Alferus Dux interfui ✚ Ego Elphegus Dux audiui ✚ and according to this are a multitude of Charters of those times some of them hauing also their Prouinces annext to their names as in another of the same yeare and King Ego Ordgarus Dux Doneuoniae consignaui ✚ Ego a L. Elfegus Elfegus Southamtoniensis Dux consensi ✚ and a writer that liu'd b Ethelwerd lib. 3. cap. 2. v. Eundem lib. 4. ca. 2. Hengistus dicitur primus CoÌ„sul Dux qui de Germania fuerat gentiâ— Anglorum in those times tells of one Hun Dux Prouinciae Sumorsetum slaine in a battell twixt Egbert K. of Westsaxonie and Beornulph K. of Mercland and buried at Winchester This was proper to them which next vnder Supremacie Royall had the gouernment of Prouinces You may see it specially in the Example of the Northumberland Dukes beginning in Otha brother to Hengist They although very great in power yet for almost a hundred yeares would not assume the name of King but Duke Of them this Will of Malmesburie Annis vno minus Centum Northanimibri Duces communi habitu Contenti sub Imperio Cantuaritarum privati agebant sed non postea stetit haec ambitionis continentia seu quia semper in deteriora decliui est humanus animus seu quod gens illa naturaliter inflatiores anhelat spiritus Anno itaque Dominicae Incarnationis DLXVII post mortem Hengisti LX. Ducatus in Regnum est muta tus regnauitque ibi primus Ida haud dubie Nobilissimus aetate viribus integer verum vtrum ipsi pro se Principatum invaserit an aliorum consensu delatum susceperit parùm definio quia veritas est in abdito Yet in the Latine stories you cannot make sufficient distinction twixt their Dux and Comes and Consul and e V. Alcuin Epist 2. titulum Ethclwerdi qui nempe Saxonicam conscripsit historiam Patricius all which I doubt not are sometime vsd for the same Dignitie or Office But I am resolu'd that the Dukes or chiefest Princes were in the Saxon idiom known by the name of Eorles which is our very word Earles Their Archbishops and Earles were in the same rank of worth their Bishops and Ealdormannes Aldermen in another Testimonie beyond exception proues it In the Lawes of * Leg. Athelstani cap. Be westum those times a Archbishops and Earles Wergild is 15000. Thyrmsas Bishops Aldermens 8000. AErcebisceopes Eorles waergild biþ xv M. ðrimsa Bisceoþs Ealdormannes VIII M. So Archbishops and Ethelings of this word before in the first Chapter are in another b Canut leg cap. 55. law of that age ioin'd and Ealdormannes Leodbisceopes i. Aldermen and Provinciall inferior Bishops But that you may vnderstand the transcribed Saxon Law Weregild among them was as the Ciuilians Aestimatio Capitis or a mans worth which in that age was paid as the price of Death or other Faults and had its originall from ancient manners of those people whence the English came the Germans among whom as Tacitus of them then luitur etiam homicidium certo armentorum ac pecorum numero recipitque satisfactionem vniuersa Domus Neither doth the expressing of so many Thrymsas a Thrymsa c Leg. Aleman cap. 6. was a third part of their shilling not three shillings as some much mistake differ from Tacitus his relation of a cer taine number of Beasts Read his old Law of the d Lex Saxonum cap. 64. ad hanc rem consulas Leg. Ripuariorum c. 37. art 12. Saxons Solidus est Duplex Vnus habet duos Tremisses i. Thrymses qui est Bos anniculus XII mensium vel Ouis cum agno Alter solidus tres semisses I read tres tremisses id est â—os XVI mensium Maiori solido aliae compositiones Minori homicidia componuutur This Wergeld or Werigeld is often met with in the Salique laws those of Childebert and Clothar of the Ripuarians and such more And in e Regiam Maiestat li. 4. ca. 19. priuilegium Macduffi familiae a Malcolmo III. indultum v. apud Buchanan de reb Scotic lib. 7. de Cro Scotorum videsis Reg. Maiestat 4. cap. 24. 36. 40. laws publisht vnder Dauid I. of Scotland De vnoquoque fure per totam Scotiam est Wergelt XXX Vaccae vna iuvenca siue fuerit liber homo siue seruus And that the ancient punishments in the Roman state also consisted chiefly in f Sext. Pompeius verb. Ouibus Agell Noct. Atâ—ic lib. II. cap. I. alij mulcts of Oxen and Sheep cannot bee vnknown to any obseruer of their Antiquities But it is here plaine taht an Earle of those times was neer of double estimation to their Alderman Of the Alderman more anon Neyther is it more to bee doubted but that no name properly can so fit the Latine Dux in their Charters and stories as Eorle But how it became since with vs only for Count or Comes with its signification shall in due place bee manifested In Scotland some affirme that rhe Title of Duke amongst others began vnder Malcolm II. about m. XX. of Christ. If they mean that it was then indistinctly also vsd with Comes you may beleeu them But the first occurrence that I haue obseru'd of it in their Monuments is in Parliament of XI of Robert III. at Scone ibidem vocatis more solito Episcopis Prioribus Ducibus Comitibus Baronibus libre tenentibus Burgensibus qui de Domino nostro Rege tenent in Capite This was in the yeer m. CD and it s iudiciously deliuer'd that this Robert III. some II. yeares before by creating his sonne Prince Dauid Duke of Rothsay first brought this great note of distinct honor into that Kingdome At the same time hee inuested his brother Robert with Title of Dux Albaniae Maruell not that
his own and his brothers name were both Robert His at his bâ—ptisme was Iohn But at his taking the Royall gouernment either for the vnluckines of the one name in the French and English or for the good which accompanied the other in his own predecessors changd himselfe out of Iohn into Robert The first Duke in Castile as is * Esteuan de Garibay lib. 15. cap. 27. 54. g Circa m. CCC LXX affirm'd was Frederique bastard sonne to g Henry II. of Castile by him created Duke of Benauente And Iohn successor to this Henry made his second sonne Ferdinand Prince of Lara Duke of Pennafiel Ferdinando minori Regis filio saith Mariana â—ui Lara Principatus erat oppidum Pennafielis additum Ducis nomine Corona Capiti imposita nullis extantibus Floribus quod Collatae dignitatis insigne erat tametsi nostra aetate non Duces sed Comites etiam Coronam clypeis adijciunt Regis haud absimilem But their Ducall Crown now is as in England fleuronee so was that of Ferdinando saith Stephen of Garibay and as a Kings not archt but that only the flowers are lesse and so euen que vna no suba mas que otra as Esteuan de Garibay's words are i. that one bee not higher then another And the ancient Dukes might weare it aswell on their heads as Armories and had diuers such prerogatiues euen Royall when they were all of Royall bloud But for the most part now cessing to bee so most of their prerogatiues also cesse saith Garibay at least in the Kingdomes of Castile In ancient time there aswell as in other places this Dignitie was only for life And to this day my autor is h De Reb. Hispan lib. 8 cap. 2. Mariana the steps of that Estate are in the Spanish Nobilitie For none of them Duke Marquesse or Count vse their titles after death of their Ancestors but Rege denuò annuente vnlesse some few such families only as by the Kings speciall grant may doe otherwise Which although here noted as many other things in this Chapter is appli'd to some Titles hereafter to bee spoken of The Pragmatica ordains that none whatsoeuer shall haue the Title of Excellent or Excellencie But that the the Grands all Dukes mongst them are Grands and some Marquesses and Counts or such as may stand couered before the King shall bee honord with Vuâ—stra Sennoria i. your Lordship And that in superscriptions to any Duke Marquesse or Count the place denominating his dignitie shall to it be added To speake here of particular Dukedomes their rights Regalties and such like were from our purpose Wee haue alreadie rememberd that il Gran Duca di Toscana the Duke of Florence had his Crown radiant and that Title of Gran Duca by speciall indulgence from Pius Qnintus who inscribd i Cicarella in Vit. Pontific his gift with Pius V. Pontifex Max. ob eximiam Dilectionem ac Catholicae Religionis Zelum praecipuumque Iustitiae studium donauit There is a parâ—icular forme of Creation instituted by Paul II. which for the length and because most of the differing Ceremonies are as proper to that Church I omit But there is no Crown but a Cap only Biretum and a Scepter Yet what the Reporter k Marcell corâ—grens Sa. Oerem I. Iust. 7. adds for his difference of Dukes I think may bee worth obseruation Et haec quidem saith he seruantur si Dux est Magnae Nobilitatis Potentiae vt fuit Tempore Domini Pauli PP II. Borsus Ferrariae Si verò esset Mediocris potentiae vt fuit Tempore D. Sixti PP IV. to this Pope this autor was a kind of Master of the Ceremonies Fredericus Dux Vrbini omnia seruantur nisi quod non duceretur à Cardinalibus sed à duobus assistentibus Papae principalibus sederet vltimus post omnes Cardinales in Banco Diaconorum eundo incederet solus post Crucem ante omnes Cardinales Quod si adhuc esset inferior tunc omnia alia seruarentur nisi quod non daretur ei sceptrum neque sederet in banco Cardinalium sed ad pedes Papae in supremo gradu eundo incederet ante Crucem post Oratores alios Principes here you see his triple distinction of them and others haue them by Maiores and Minores Duces wherupon saith the learned l De Coronis lib. 9. cap. 22. Paschalius that the Maiores omnes vnius ordinis esse Censentur omnes propemodum suspiciuntur vt Reges longeque antistant illis quos voco Minores Neyther can any not see much difference twixt those of Florence Ferrara Sauoy Lorrain Saxonie Brunswic and such more which mongst them also differently haue so many imperiall rights and the French of late time English Scotish and Spanish Dukes which are all Seignieurs Suzerains subiect Lords and many of them possessing their denominating Territorie in Tit'e only not in gouernment Yet Charles L'oyseau idly minseth his difference to small where he makes our English Dukes to bee a degree by themselues qui ne sont qu' a vie come Officiers What Dukes he means with vs I know not But all men may know that since Edward III. the Title hath been Honorary and Hereditarie Nor doth that frequent name of Duke occurring in Genes XXXVI belong to this place The word in the holy tongue is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Paraphrases of Onkolos and Ionathan turne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both signifying a Lord Prince or great Ruler and the m Rabbi S. Iarchi in Genes 6. Com. 15. Ebrewes interpret them there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Heads of families or Kinreds although Alloph may serue also to expresse any great dignitie vnder a King The Rabbins say that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Euery Alluph is a Kingdom without a Crown which Elias interprets that euery King not crownd is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Dux i. a Duke The Germans call them Hertzogen and Hertochen whence the Hertochij in that vnder the name of the Confessors laws both signifying Dux as he is exercitui praefectus Remember what is in the first booke of the Duke of Moscouie for a Duke vncrowned yet supreme Prince Ducis Limitanei Marquesses whence the name Marque 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Gaulish Marcheta Mulieris the Brides maidenhead Mareshall vsuall application of names of a later age to antique relations by old English Poets The deriuation of Marquesse a mari idle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 How in one man Duke Count and Marquesse was anciently often exprest The beginning of the name of this Dignitie in the Empire Markgraue Marchio Burgundiae and Normanniae His inuestiture by a Ring His Coronet Presedence in France Alciat's admonition in point of Presedence Marchiones in England Iohn of Sarisburie corrected Snowdon Controuersie twixt the Lords Marchers and the Barons of the Cinque Ports about bearing the Canopie Earle of March. First Marquesse in
them According to their Territories and Roialties that must be iudged although they differ not generally For Burggraue is a Count of a Burrough or City as Landtgraue of a Prouince In the later Eastern Empire 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the Italian Conte is vsually for a Count. But in Letters sent from Ioachim Patriarch of Alexandria to a German Count hee is calld i Crus Turcograec lib. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from Graue or Graffe They had their Counts whereof before But such as in more ancient ancient times were there known by that name about the Court were lately turnd into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the name of Count chiefly comprehending those which were vnder the Great Duke Gouernor of the Marine forces mongst whom one was k Câ—ropâ—lat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the first or chief Count. But they were all Officiciarie more then Honorarie For France an old l Anthonie de la salle Chez L'Oyseau cap. 5. autor Le Comte est inuesty auec vn anneau de Diamant Which agrees wiâ—h that of Withur Count of Bretagne constituted by Childebert in his speech to Paule afterward Bishop of Leon. Praedictum saith m Vita Paul Leonensis Biblioth F'oriacens he Regem vbi adieris literas annulo ipsius quem mihi à se discedenti donauit signatas quasi tecum portabis ei mox praebebis Yet at this day they beare Coronets but onely on their Armories Of a Counts Coronet L'oyseau thus Celle des Comtes est perlée c'est à dire que le desus du diadem ou Bandeau est fait de Perles sans ascuns fleurons eminents In England vnder the Saxons were diuers which subscribe in old Charters by the name of Comites For one example out of infinit in a Charter of Beored King of Mercland made in DCCCLX to the Abbey of Crowland the subscription is after Bishops and Abbots Ego Ethelredus Rex West-Saxoniae assensum praebui ✚ Ego Alfredus frater Regis Westsaxoniae censensi ✚ Ego Edmundus Rex Estangliae procuraui ✚ Ego Edelredus Dux faui ✚ Ego Osbirtus annui ✚ Ego Algarus Comes istud deuotè fieri deprecans à Domino meo Rege gratiose impetraui ✚ Ego Wulkelnus Comes adiuui ✚ Ego Adelwlphus Comes concessi ✚ Ego Turgotus Comes consensi ✚ Ego Alcmundus Comes consideraui ✚ Ego Diga Comes interfui ✚ Ego Lefwinus Comes aspexi ✚ Ego Burkardus Comes conscripsi ✚ Ego Ascerus Comes affui ✚ Ego Thurstanus Comes stabiliui ✚ Ego Reinardus Comes consului ✚ Ego Tilbrandus Comes conscripsi ✚ and sometimes they haue the addition of their Counties as in a Charter more ancient of Ethelbald King of Mercland to the same Abbey Ego Egga Comes Lincolniae consilium dedi ✚ Ego Leucitus Comes Leicestriae assensum praebui ✚ And the the like How Dux and Comes agreed in those ancienter times is alreadie manifested and questionlesse no where was that confusion of names more then in our Saxons Latine Of their Eorle as it was also Dux somewhat is said which being then the supream title next after the Prince is interpreted both Dux and Comes n V. Autorem Reliquiarum in Eadgaro From Ear or Ar i. Honor and Arlic or Eorlic i. Honorable and that in Danish and some think the name came in with the Danes this Title hath its Origination The administration of Siward Comitis Northumbriae is presently after those words calld Ducatus in an old and o Malmesbur lib. 2. de Gest. Reg. cap. 13. iudicious Monk And Roger of Houeden speaking of Leofrique Earle of Chester calls him Leofricus Comes Leofwini Ducis filius and saies that Ducatum eius Henry of Huntingdon hath consulatum filius suus Algarus suscepit So Comitatus Estsaxoniae Comitatus Westsaxoniae Comitatus Eboracae and the like rememberd by Ingulph and Comes Merciorum Comes Magesetensium that is of those about Radnor and Comes Mediterraneorum in Houeden and Florence of Worcester might haue bin as properly stiled and perhaps more properly Ducatus and Duces being refer'd to Godwin Leofric Edgar and those which were Eoâ—leâ— and how familiar it is in those times to meet with Comes Normanniae for Dux Normanniae euery man knows that hath tasted our Stories and of it before But for those their Eorles whose name remaining in our Counts is fitly to be heer again spoken of they were both Officiary and Honorary hauing the gouernment of Prouinces and their title in some parts hereditarie as in Leicester and p V. Rog. de Houeden par 1. fol. 243. Northumberland and from them their wiues were stiled Countesses as with vs in the subscription to a Charter of Thorold of Bukenhale to the Abbey of Crowland is Ego Leofrieus Comes concessi Ego Godiua Comitissa shee was his wife diù istud desideraui ✚ These were the Ethelings whereof one in an old Latine translation of K. q Cap. 55. in edit Lambard v. supra vbi de Weregildo cap. 2. Knouts laws Qui fregerit plegium Archiepiscopi aut Reguli quem Angli vocant Aetheling III. libris emendet Neither were there with them any other created titles after the Prince or Etheling Honorary it seems but this of Eorle and their Thanes of whom in due place For where the Heregeates i. the Heriots of that age are set at a r Canut leg cap. 69. certaintie there are no other numberd The Heriot was what the Eorle or Thane paid his Lord or King in nature of a Relief and thence remains the name with vs in a different sence it being then only such things as were for martiall furniture as horses speares shields mony and the like And in a s Pat. 18. H. 6. membr 9. ch 12. Iuspeximus part 2. Charter of the Confessor for the possessions of Paules Edward King Gret Mine Besceops And Mine Eorles And Alle Mine Thegnes On Than Shiren Wher Mine Prestes In Paulus Minister Habband Land Eorles and Thanes are here only mentioned as if none els with Honorarie titles had any thing to do with territories Neither in that catalogue of Archbishops Eorles Bishops Ealdormen Holdes Hehgerefas Messethegnes and Werldthegnes and Ceorles in the laws of Athelstan is any Honorarie but meerly as he is Officiarie except the Eorle t Quod probari potest ex illo de Dignitatibus Monumento Saxonice edito à G. LaÌ„bardo in Itinerar Cantij and the Thegne or Thane For the Ceorle or or Churle was ignoble or the yeoman Yet it is most certaine that for Ealâ—oâ—man sometimes Comes is vsd An old law Gif hwa Leodbisceops oþþe Ealdormannes borh abrece gebete ê§ mid twam pundum it is anciently interpreted Qui fregerit plegium Episcopi aut Comitis II. libris emendet it 's part of that before cited touching
also Martiall Either then in imitation of other Nations was that name of Vicecomes applied to our Saxon Ealdormen and Shirifes because their offices were somewhat like Or els being constituted qui vicem iudicum siue Comitum gererent by the King were properly as the ancient and best sort of them in France so calld or as the U carij in the Declining Empire hauing no Superiors which constituted them but the King Howsoeuer the reason of the name giuen by Geruase of Tilburie is much deficient vnlesse in it by a nice construction you make him vse Comes in seuerall Notions He is calld Uicecomes saiâ—h he qued Vicem Comitis suppleat in placitis illis de quibus Comes ex suae Dignitatis ratione participat The errors of Polidore and such that begin our Shirifes at the Norman Conquest are not here worth speaking of or of those which say the word Vicecomes was not here in the Saxon Times But of it as it is with vs Officiarie thus much which I insert because of comparing our Office of that name to the like in France where the Honor proceeded originally from the Office For with vs the Honor and the Office haue no communitie Neither had we any of that Dignitie although the Office in some places hath been hereditary from ancient time vntill Henry VI. He in Parlament made by Patent Iohn of Beaumont Viscount of Beaumont with f Pat. 18. Hen. 6. part 2. memb 2. these words of inuestiture Nomen Vicecomitis de Beaumont Impominus ac ipsum insignijs Uicecomitis de Beaumont realiter inuestimus locumque in Parliamentis Concilijs alijs congregationibus nostris super Omnes Barones Regni nostri Angliae assignamus What those Insignia were then I know not but later time allows him a kind of Coronet without Point or Flowrs on a Cap of Furre But an old Autor g Anth. de la Salle chez L'oyseau des seig cap. 5. of France saies that Le Vicomte est inuesty auec vn verge d'or In Scotland the first Dignity by this name was in Thomas Lord Ereskin created Viscount Felton by our present Soueraigne their Iames the VI. Spain hath some of this Order and Name Twixt Vicount and Count in France is a speciall Dignitie of Princes They haue their names by reason of their Seigneuries erected into Principalities Baro in Cicero and Persius It s signification in Hirtius and old Glossaries Magnus Homo The true deriuation of Baro as it s now Honorarie Mall and Mollabergium Sagibaro Sake or Sach Wittiscalc Saccabor or Sathabor Plea de sakebere Sikerborgh Hondhabend Mainauer Barigild Baro for a man generally and Barones London and the like Ancient and late Barons of France Capitaneus Regis Barn or Beern for a man-child Baron for a husband where vsd Cheorlbearn Saxon Thanes A Saxon Monument of their Dignities Of Eoldormen again somewhat Canutus his Forest Laws misprinted Liberalis and Mediocris Homo A Hyde of Land Hydage and Caruage or Carucage A coniecture vpon Bracton Terra Hydata and non Hydata Minister Minister Regis Tainus The Relief or Heryot anciently in all Barkshire Viro Baro Minister Thanus But the name of Baron not in the Saxon times in England How Barons had their name then The book of Modus Ten. Parliamenti Barones and Pares Baronum Illustres equites Romanorum The Title of Prince not without Barons Barons to subiects and Barones Regis The Value of Reliefs of Dignities When they began certain for a Baronie A coniecture when the value of a Baronie began Court Baron Baronagium and Barnagium Bernage Baronie in our law for Seigneurie Tenere per Baroniam CCL Baronies reckond by Hen. III. His Ordinance touching what Barons should come to Parlament The ancientest sommons extant The Grand Charter first granted A Parlament held XVIII Hen. III. transcribd out of an obscure Roll touching Assises of Darrein Presentment Iuris Vtrum and Certificat of Bastardie with the Barons names subscribd And therein Bracton amended Barons by Writ and by Creation Those two sorts now only in being A respect to the Tenure per Baroniam after the allowing them only the title which were sommond Barons ratione Officij as Abbots and Bishops Chief Baron of England Barons calld Lord or Domini How in legall proceeding Lords Barons and Earles only by Curtesie and Court language Thanes of Scotland Stewarts Abthan The beginning of the Royall name of Stewart there Tosche Ochern The first mention of Barons in Scotish Monuments What their Baron is Pit and Gallows How the name is generally taken there Acts touching which of their Barons must come to Parlament Commissares of the Shire The difference of their Lords and Lairds The English and Scotish Parlamentarie Barons of a superior note then the French Los Ricos hombres Valuasores and Capitanei Regis vel Regni The Feudalls interpreted otherwise then the vulgar opinion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Valuasores minores Minimi Valuasini Vauasors in France Vauassouries Sommage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vauasors in England Countors Subuasores in Scotland CHAP. VII NExt after Viscounts follow BARONS A title of frequent note in most parts of Christendom and about whose etymologie most disputation and inquirie is Barons are in some Countries in all anciently where they were at all Lords of their denominating Territorie with some Iudiciall gouernment but beneath the Dignities before spoken of both in largenes of Territorie and neernes to Soueraintie and how they differ in substance from other Titles in their Originall what wee shall say of Particular States will best discouer But first for the Name The word alone is very ancient and of pure Latine In Cicero you read a Epist. ad Attic lib. 9. Ep. 11. Apud Patronem reliquos Barones te in maxima gratia posui herculè merito tuo feci And in another place b De Finibus lib. 2. Haec cum loqueris nos Barones stupemus tu videlicet tecum ipse rides And two other passages in him as Elias Uinetus reads them haue Baro in the singular number where some of the publisht books haue and that most properly Verò the coniunction I will confesse that as yet I haue not throughly learnd what Barones signifies to Cicero in his first place yet I know some haue dar'd to think it there vsd as neer to what it now interprets in the Rank of Dignities They shall and may for me I cannot But in the second I am somewhat confident that if the Reading be not corrupt it is not vnfitly exprest into our word Block-head or the Latine Bardus The Text of Tully there iustifies it and a Satyrist that c Persius Satyr 5. vbi videsis Eliam Vinetum that liud vnder Nero by the correction of best Critiques according to best copies hath Iura Sed Iuppiter audiet Eheu Baro regustatum digito terebrare salinum Contentus perages si viuere cum Ioue tendis Where the old Scholiast Cornutus reads
Reguauit sub Ann. Christi M. X. alij haec Malcolmo III. ferunt is sub M. LX. rerum potitus Malcolm II. was no dignitie aboue Knights but only Thanes which it seems were with them as with our Saxons Superioribus seculis saith Buchanan praeter Thanos hoc est prefectos Regionum siue Toparchas Quaestorem rerum Capitalium nullum honoris nomen Equestri ordine altius fuerat quod apud Danos obseruari adhuc audio Som interpret their Thane by quaestor u Hector Boet. hist. Scotic 12. Regius or Steward and deliuer that the chief Steward of Scotland was called Abthan Whereof thus Buchanan also Hic magistratus that is the Great Steward of Scotland census omnes Regios colligit iurisdictionem etiam qualem conuentum praefecti habet ac prorsus idem est cum eo quem Priores Thanum appellabant Atque nunc sermone Anglico patrium superante Regionum Thani plerisque in locis Stuarti vocantur qui illis erat Abthanus nunc Stuartus Scotiae nominatur Paucis in locis vetus Thani nomen adhuc manet So he speaking of Walter nephew to Banquho by his sonne Fleanch created Abthan or great Steward of Scotland by Malcolm III. from whom that Royall name of Steward or Stuart had its origination and began first to be honord with a Crown in their Robert II. the honor of the Office being part alwaies of his birthright who is Prince of Scotland They haue also agreeable with the identitie of Thane and Steward certain Stewarties at this day But the word with them signified questionles as with vs anciently and was of the same Saxon root For their right Scotish or Irish x Sken in Reg. Maiestat lib. 4. cap. 31. called a Thane Tosche and the sonne of a Thane Mac-tosche But after Malcolm his bringing in of Barons Thanes remained as a distinct name of dignitie and vanisht not at the innouation of new honors as at our Norman Conquest In their Statuts of K. William are reckond Comites Barones Thani He raigned about M. C. LXX after Christ. So in the Statuts of his sonne Alexander II. In their laws a Thane was reckond equall with the sonne of an Earle after they had Earles The y Reg. Maiest lib. 4. cap. 36. 38. Cro and the Kelchyn of them were both alike as the Merchet of a Thanes daughter and an Ochern's an Irish or Scotish name of z Stat. Alexand 2. cap. 15. Reg. Maiestat lib. 4. cap. 31. Dignitie exprest by the word Ogetharius also Yet it seems that the Baron and Thane were often and most vsually confounded because where Earles Earles sonnes Thanes Ochierns and the like are distinguisht by their Croes the name of Baron occurrs not The eldest testimonie of this Title with them is in the laws attributed to Malcolm Mac-keneth that is their II. of that name which first deuided as they say the Kingdom into Baronies Dominus Rex Malcolmus the words are dedit distribuit totam Terram Regni Scotiae Hominibus suis Et nihil sibi retinuit nisi Regiam Dignitatem * The Mute Hill of Scone Montem placiti in villa de Scone Et ibi omnes BARONES concesserunt sibi Wardam Releuium de haerede cuiuscuuque Baronis defuncti ad sustentationem Domini Regis And to these Barons with iurisdiction hee granted saith Hector Fossam Furcam i. Pit and Gallowes Whereupon Skene a curious searcher of his own Countrie antiquities of this kind tells vs that In Scotland he is called ane Barronne quha haldis his Landes immediatlye in Cheif of the King and hes power of Pit and Gallows and Infangtheife a Haec n. adiunxit ad Malcolmi leges ijs quae in De Verb. significat habet I. Skene videsis Parl. 6. Iacob 1. cap. 91. leg Malcolm 2. cap. 9. 13. and Outfangtheife The Gallows vnderstand as Ours and for men Theiues and the Pit a place to drown Women Theiues But generalitèr saith he in hoc Regno Barones dicuntur qui tenent terras suas de Rege per seruitium Militare per Albam firmam per Feudi firmam vel alitèr cum Furca fossa nonnunquam generalissimè accipitur pro quolibet domino Proprietario rei Immobilis In which that State well agreed with ours anciently and till of later time it seems euery Lord or small Baron denominated from his possession and iurisdiction came to their Parlament but that was altered as with vs by Henry III. by their Iames b 23 Iacob 1. Parl. cap. 101. A. Chr. 1427. v Parl. II. Iacob 6. cap. 113 Parl. 5. Iacob 6. cap. 275. the first and in steed of them II. Commissaries of euery Shrifdome as our Knights of the Shire sent to the Parlament The Act of this alteration thus speaks at large Item the King with consent of the haill Counsell generallie hes Statute and ordained that the small Baronnes and free tennentes neid not to cum to Parliaments nor generall Councels swa that of ilk Shirefdome their be send chosen at the head Court of the Shirifdome twa or maa wise men after the largenes of the Schirefdome our tane the Schirefdomes of Clâ—kmannan and Kinrosse of the quhilkes ane be send of ilk ane of them the quhilk sal be called Comissares of the Schire and be thir Commissares of all the Schires salbe chosen ane wise man and expert called the Common speakâ—r of the Parliament the quhilke sal propone all and sundrie needis and causes pertaining to the Commounes in the Parliament or generall Councell the quhilkis Commissares sal haue full and haill power of all the laif of the Schirefdome vnder the witnessing of the Scheriffis seale with the seales of diuerse Barrones of the Schire to heare treat and finally to determine all causes to be proponed in Councell or Parliament The quhilkes Comissares and speakers sal haue Costage of them of ilk Schire that awe compeirance in Councel or Parliament and of their rentes ilk pound sal be vtheris fallow to the contribution of the said Costes All Bishoppes Abbots Priors Dukes Erles Lordes of Parliament and Banrents the quhilkes the King will be receiued and summond to Councel and Parltament be his speciall precept So that it seems that before this act euery lesser Baronne and Freeholder was bound to come and assist with his presence at their Parlaments which is confirmd also by other c Parl. 6. Iacob 2. cap. 76. Acts one thus speaking Item the Lords thinkis speedfull that na Freehalder that haldis of the King vnder the some of Twentie Pounds bee constreined to cum to the Parliament or generall Councell as for presence bot gif he be ane Baronne or els be specially of the Kings Commandement warned outher be Offiâ—â—ar or be Writ But vnder Iames IV. d Parl. 6. Iacob 4. cap. 78. it was enacted that na Baronne Freehalder nor Vassal quhilk are within
of Chartres his mention of that Conuentus in his Epistles Hee liud vnder K. Robert Neither were they by institution e Bodin de Repub 3. cap. 1. Tillius Comm. de reb Gall. lib. 2. alij otherwise then as speciall Priuie Counsellers of State And doubtlesse had their name of Pares from a proportionat place in Court to that of the Pares Curtis in the Feudalls And were titled from the Paritie twixt themselues whence an old Romant f Gualter d' Auignon chez Fauchet de Dignit 2. calls them Compagnons Assez de mal me fit vostre oncle Ganelans Qui trahit en Espagne les douez Compagnons So do they both in France with vs and elswhere well interpret the Persian g Xenoph. Cyropaed 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. as if you should say compagnons en honeur Some and those of no small note haue thought that the French name of Pairs came out of Patrices or Patricij which indeed were of like Dignitie in the Declining Empire and first h Zosim hist. 2. vide verò libri huius extremam instituted farre different from those occurring in the elder Roman storie by Constantine the great And howeuer in a Constitution of Theodosius and i Nouell tit 46. edit a Pith. Valentinian any that was twise Consul had precedence of a Patricius yet Sublimis Patriciatus honor by the Emperor k C. de Coss. l. 3. v. C. de Decur l. 66. Zeno caeteris omnibê° anteponitur in the gift of it to l Cassiodor Var. 3. epist. 5. vide Subscript Priuilegio Tertulli Coenobio Casinensi Importunê° by Theodorique it 's call'd munus plenarium Dignitatum The deduction of it is from Pater and as if they were calld the Kings or Emperors Fathers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith m Authent 81. in Praefat. Iustinian of them which in a manner is interpreted in that of his also n C. de Coss L. S. Sancimus V. Cassiodor Var. 6. form 2. Qui à nobis loco patris honorantur Whence a Patricius is call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Father of the State and o Antholog li. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by composition of the word p Luitprand lib. 1. cap. 7. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherewith the Emperor Leo about DCCCXC honor'd Zautzas father to his delicate Concubine Zoe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. hauing newly inuented this Dignitie which was not before as Cedren's words are Neither was it new then as to some other Nations but only in composition For Haman in the letters of Artaxerxes is said to haue been so much q Esâ—h cap. 16. Comm. 8. de hac re consulas Plutarchum in Lucullo honor'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. that he was call'd our Father and that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Abrech proclaim'd before Ioseph is by r Genes 41. Com. 43. the Chalde of Onkelos and Ionathan and the Hierosolymitan Targum taken for Father of the tender King or tender Father of the King although some interpret it kneel down The title of Patricius was of such honor that Charles le Magne before he was crown'd Emperor had it as an additament of Greatnesse That it was as the same with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Magister anciently as a learned s Meurs Gloss. Graeco-barb in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 man would I haue not yet perswaded my selfe But of Peers and Patrices thus much Bannerets Chiualers à Bannier Drappeau quarrè Baron Of France Bannerets in England The forme of making Sir Iohn Chandos a Banneret Bannerets not created by Patent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Baronet Baroneti for Bannereti in old Monks A Banneret discharged from being Knight of the Parlament The new title of Baronet created by our present Soueraign The Decree of their precedence Knights of the Bath France and England The forme of their creation with vs. The Riband they are to weare vntill some Prince or Ladie pull it off Knights of the Collar Torquati Order of the Garter S. George speciall particulars of him The Round Table Della Nuntiata Order Du Toison d'Or Of S. Michael De Saint Esprit De l'Estoille De Croissant Some obscure and obsolet Orders of France De la Banda Of S. Andrew Of the Elephant Of the Sword Of the Burgundian Crosse. Di sangue di saluatore Di Santo Steffano Di S. Marco Peetermen Why Religious Orders are here omitted CHAP. XI OF ORDERS some are Religious only and destinate to some particular actions as the Templars anciently the Hospitalars the Ordo Teutonicorum in Prussia and diuers other of like nature since instituted in Italy specially and in Spain against the Turks in such places where they are instituted and being vnder some Religious Order and meerly de la Croce or of the Crosse. I reckon them rather as officiarie Knights then honorarie and omit them because also they occurre euery where els Others are meerly Ciuill and honorarie And of these some are such as haue their speciall honor in most parts of the Western Christendom others only in the particular Countries where their first being was The first sort of this last kind are BANNERETS and of the BATH and first of them Bannerets are Chiualers à Banier Chiualers à drappeau quarré or Equites Vexillarij from their right of bearing a Banner Standard or Square Ensigne in the warres with their Armes on them wheras Knights Bachelors may not do so The Germans call them Banner-heers In an old French Autor t Anthonie de la salle chez L'oyseau des Grandes seig cap. 5. §. 50. des Cheualeâ—s à Bannier vois Pasquier Recerch du France Liu. 2. cap. 9. Le Baron est inuesty auec vn Drappeau quarré le Banneret auec vn drappeau in escusson that is the Baron is made by giuing him a square Ensigne or Banner but the Banneret by an Ensigne in Scutchion fashion or a Pennon And the Customs of Poictou as L'oyseau cites Le Comte Vicomte ou Baron peut porter Banniere qui est adire qu'il peut en guerre en armoiries porter ses armes en quarré ce que ne peut le seigneur Chastellan que seulement les peut porter en form d'escusson Yet now both with them and elswhere the Square Banner is a proper and denominating Ensigne to the Banneret which is one saith the same L'oyseau to whom the King hath giuen power to aduance his Banner although hee bee neither Baron Viscont or Chastellan but he ought to be of good possession and haue vnder him x. Vassals and such means as are able to maintain a troop of horse Vntill about Edward III they were not in England as the learn'd Clarenceulx well coniectures That King ereated u Pat. 15. Ed. 3. part 2. memb 22. 23. Iohn Coupland a Banneret for his great seruice in taking Dauid of Bruis II. of that name King of Scots
Hidata Terra non Hidata 271 Hide of Land 271 Hidage what 270 Hippobatae 333 Hlafe afford Hlafford 61. Hlafe-die for Ladie 61 Honor and Reuerence Parents to Maiestie 121 Honor and Vertue their Temple in Praefat. Honorarij Codicilli 185. 220 Holland Earldom when began 194. 195 Holds 225 Holy Iland 248 Horse from it the name of Knight in all languages but English 332. 333. See in Haire Hunggiar a Turkish Title 103. giuen to a great fat Hog by Ismael Sophi in dishonor of Baiazeth 104 Humbert Daulphin 172 Hugh le Bigod his surrendring the Earldome of Norfolk 231 I IAuan vsd sometimes for Syria 75. 76 Iariffe i. Seriph 97 Iacupbeg 105 Ic dien 272 Idolatrie its beginning 9 Iewes their honoring of the New Moon 164. See in Sunne and in Childbirth Their Oaths Contracts and Seales 328. 329 Iewish Kings Crown 153 Ilethyia for Lucina whence 165 Illustres 383. 385 Imperator the name 19. 20. seq See Emperor Imperator Dominus to the Kings of England 25. 26. 35 Imperatori Proximus a Title 172 Images of the Roman Nohilitie in Praefat. Infulae 149 Inferiors to superiors their forme of speaking 114. 115 In Hoc Vince 16â— Infantes and Infanta 179 Inuestiture of Prouinces 1â—1 See in Duke Marquesse Count c. and in Bishops Iudex Fiscalis 221. 227 Ioannes cognomento Digitorum 56 Iohn an vnluckie name to Kings 205 Ioannes Belul for Prester Iohn 15. 86 Ioannes Encoe ibid. Iohn of Sarisburie vnder Henrie 11. requested the Pope to giue Ireland to Henrie 11. 56 Iohn afterward King of England made Lord of Ireland with a Crowne of feathers sent from the Pope 57. and afterwards would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran 102 Iosuah Ben Nun remembred in old columns erected by some that fled out of Canaan into Mauritania Tingitania in his time 70 Iochabelul i. Prester Iohn 87 Ireland its Kings anciently 31. 57. See in Dominus in Henry 11. in Iohn of Sarisb in Iohn King Subiect to Edgar a good part of it 55 Ireland Dukes of Ireland 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete and his Epitaph 12. See in Baal His statue vsd to be had in Oaths 158 Iupiter Labradeus his statue 155 his statue in Constantinople 159 Iudith her story examined with coniectures on it 33. 34. not knowen to the Iewes but from Europe 33 Iulian Apostata forbidding to be called Dominus 48 Iudas of Galilee Autor of the Sect which would not allow any Prince the name of Lord. 49 Iuliers made of a Marquisate a Countie 214 Ius Aureorum disputed 324. seq K KArolouitz 78 Karm in Scythian 90 Keshish 110 Kelchyn 286 Kessar i. Caesar. 28 Keyser 70 Kentish-mens Prerogatiue anciently to be in the Uantgard in Praefat Kingdomes how begun 2. 3. seq vsque ad 17 King and Emperor their difference in the Roman Empire 20. seq See in Rex Kings in Clientela Imperatoris 28 Kings subiect to the Empire properly no Kings 29. seq King whence in seuerall languages 44 King crowned before born 145 Kings Freind 185 Kings see in Swearing in Crowns in Annointed in Scepter in Crosse in Knighting in Dukes c. Kings denominating their Nations 74. 75. 76 Kissilpassa whence 83. 106 Kissing the Emperors foot 38. kissing the forefinger or hand in adoration 38. kissing the bands 39 40 forbidden ibid. Hands Knees and Feet ibid. Popes foot 39. 40. why the hand was kissed 40. kissing at Farewels 42. Head Eies and Hands 42. kissing of Iacob by Esau. 42 A Statute against kissing the King 43. Numidian Princes why not kist 43. after Praiers and of Charitie 43. That Templars might not kisse a woman 373 Kidermister first Baronie in England by Creation by Patent 282 Knights and knighting some Course in the ancientest times like knighting 306. by giuing the deseruing arms and bauing him sit at his fathers Table 307. 308 Knighthood receiued from whom 308 Girding in knighthood 309. 310. seq by giuing a blow on the care 312. first mention of a Knighthood in England 313 Knighthood giuen by Churchmen 313. 314. Holie Ceremonies in the ancient taking of Knighthood in England and elswhere 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently 315. Kings knighted by their subiects 315. by other Kings ibid. Knighting by meaner men 316. by a Knight of his owne power 317. form of knighting now 317. a supreme Prince may knight in any Territorie 317. No Knight to be made anciently vnlesse descended of Noble Parentage 318. a Knights Fee 319. and Relief ibid. by what value one may be compelld to take the Order 319. 320 322. Knight with land and without land 320. a Knights Equipage House and Furniture exempt from execution and issues 321. 322. his Arms discendible to his heirs 322. 323. Knights seale 323. if that were a Right of Knighthood 323. Aids to knighting 330. The Father being no Knight shall not haue aid to make the sonne a Knight 331. Knighting discharges Wardship and how 332. whence the name of Knight in seuerall languages 332. Knights Bachelors 336. 337. DegradatioÌ„ of a Knight 337. striking a Knight punished with losse of the hand 339. See in Bath in Banneret in Orders Knighthood to a Mahumedan by a Christian Emperor 380 Knecht 333 Knaue how it anciently signified 341 Knape Knabe 341 Knesi i. Dukes 27 Kneeling to Princes 4â— the answere of Philip 11. of Spain in excuse being saluted with kneeling 42 Konigin 44 Kopach the Russian Emperours Cap. 152 L LAws wont to bee sung and thence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 15 Laws Ciuile when first profest in Praefat. Lauerd for Lord. 61 Ladie 61 Lars Lartes 59 Latins 75 Lazar and Lazars 78 Lamorabaquin in Froissart what 89 Laurell in Triumph 139. whence it was taken and of what tree 148 for the Caesars ibid. against Thunder ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare purple 144 Labarum and its form 161 Lazzi what 177 Lantgraue 221. 222. 246 Lancaster made a Palatinat 247 Lancaster sword 31 Lairds of Scotland 288 Letters 16. Lewes 11. See Basilius Leo X. gaue Henrie VIII the name of Defender of the faith 79. Leshari 105 Leuderique Bishop of Breme taxed of pride for vsing the name of Pastor and such like 118 Lewes XIII of France born 176 Leicester Earldom 235 Leod Bishop 225. 204 Leudes what 264 Leornung Cnechts 333 Leitou Palatins 249 Lewhelin Prince of Wales 275 Liuerie and seisin in some sort of England to the Normans 34 Lilith what 164 Limitum Duces 183. 209 Lithuania 193. 249 Liuonia 194. 240 Lindisfarn 248 Lord. See in Dominus in Iudas of Galilee in Hlafford and of the deriuation of the name 59. 60. 61 expressing a Baron 284 Louerd for Lord. 61 Loof and Loef 61 Lodouicus and Chlouis the same 71. 72. 78 London custome 265 Lords in curtesie 284 Lombards or Longobards 294 Lucanicus and Lucanica 72 Lucius first Christian King of Britain 78 Lunus and Luna 167 Lycosura first Citie according to Graecian
Palatin See in Durham in Lancaster in Elie in Hexamshire and in Comes Palatij Palatini Archiduces 193 Palatin whence so calld 241. seq Palazins 242. 246. Count du Palais 242. 243. Deriuation of the Nature and Name otherwise then the Vulgar 244. 245. Of the Empire 246. of France ibid. of England 246. 247. 248. of Poland See in Vaiuods Palatinatus 249 Palatij Custos Comes 242. 388 389 Parlaments 226. 227. 274. 278. and see in Barons and Mikelsynods and in Wittenagemots Patro in Cicero 259 Pares Baronum Comitum 275. 277 Pares and Peers in attainder 285 Pares and Peers in Our Law 345. 346. 347. and amerciament per Pares 347. and Pares Regij 348 Pares or Peers of France their number and Dignitie 349. See Peers Parium conuentus 350 Pares Curtis 348 Pagham or Paganham in Sussex 301 Peleg 7 Pentateuch in Greek before Plato 15 Perseus King of Macedon his inscription of letters to P. Aemylius 29 Persian Empire the speciall honor of it anciently 33. See in Salutations iu Ali in Sophi in Shach in Ismael in Nisan in Cafe in Kissiplassa in Othomaniques in Aelamits in Magi. Persian Kings Title at large anciently 112. and the inauguration 135. See in Eagle in Tiar in Melophori in Sun in Salchodai in Mithra Peacocks feathers Crown 57 Peers at the Childbirth 176 Peers See Pares Pesagium granted 199 Peetermen of Louan 372 Pfaltzgrauen 221. 245 Phoebitius 9 Philip of Valois his letters to Edward III. about not calling him King of France 30 Phoenician letters what they were 69. 70 Pharaoh 72. 73. the speciall names of those Pharaohs in holie writ 73. the word what it is 74. Pharaohs Diadem 141 Phateme Mahumeds daughter 100 Philetaerus his Crown and Coin 145 Pit and Gallows of Scotland 286 Plato if hee read the Bible 15 Plurall number why vsed to or of a singular person 114 Pope titled Doctor only by the Moscouit 28. if he gaue him the Title of Emperor ibid. See in Florence in England in Anselm in Fatuitas in Leo in Kissing No Emperor writes himself more then Elect or Rex Romanorum till annointed by the Pope 171. seq 387 Porphyrogenitus whence what 81. seq to whom giuen ibid. Porphyra a house for the Empresse to be deliuerd in 82. 83 Pontus Euxinus 90 Posoch the Crosse on the Muscouits Cap. 152 Porphyrius whence the name 144 Pomum Imperiale 158 Polack Nobilitie 240. 249 Prometheus the first that ruled and was King according to Greek vanitie 116. his hauing a Crown 142. 143 Princeps Principatus 19 Prester Iohn 85. called Beldigian Ioannes Enco Belul Gian Iochabellul 86. 87. not titled Emperor of the Abisens but Ethiopians 86. Presbyter Ioannes and Prester Iehan how these names came to be giuen him 87. the confusion of the names of the Asiatique Prestigiani and the Ethiopian Emperor 87. his Title at large 88 Prestigiani i. Apostolique 87. 88 Pristijuan 88 Priti Ioan. in Praef. Protosymbulus 23. 377 Prouinciall of Rome 80. 130. Princes of the Empire 116 Pragmatica of Spain touching Titles and Dignities 126. 180. 206. 214 Princeps Iuuentutis 169 Princeps Senatus 170 Prince of Wales when first in the heires apparant of England 177. 178 Prince of Scotland 179 Prencipe de las Asturias 179 Prussia giuen to the Duke 191. Dukes in Prussia 194 240 Protocomes Angliae 239 Primus Comes Palatinus 242 Protosebastus 246 Principautes 256 Punique See in Tongues Purple how a Note Royall and when first 83. See in Shooes Purpureus what it signifies 144 Punishment See in Crosse in Othes in Pit and Gallows Q QVen Quena 44. 246 Queen whence deriued 44 Quirinus and Quirites whence 149 R RAdiant Helme 140. For Radiant see in Florence and in Sun Rabbins interpretation of the plurall vsd in the beginning of Genesis 114. learned of a maid asking her Mistresse for a broom how to vnderstand a place of Scripture in Praef. Ramsey Abbey sounded 227 Rape of Arundel 235 Radknights what 334 Ralph Grey Knight his purposed degradation 339 Rex Regifugium 19. 20. seq Regillianus his being made Emperor by his name 20 Reguli 31 Rex Regum 32. 34. See in King and in Sicilie Reges hominum Rex Regum 35 Red shooes who might weare them 24. 156 Regiae Stellae 67 Rex Credentium 99 Regnum i. a Crown 151 Rex Romanorum 170 Rex Italiae ibid. Reges the generall name of Kings children 176 Regum Amici 185 Reliefs 232. 272 Rheims Bishop 132 Reuersion of all Appenages Dukedoms and Counties in France vpon default of heirs males in the Crown 196 Ressort Souerantè 196 Riga for Regem or Rex 23 Ring to Henrie 11. sent from the Pope as an Inuestiture of Ireland 56. 57 Ring an ancient materiall in giuing of dignitie 199. 200. See in Inuestiture in Duke Count Marquis and Vicount Rings of gold how and to what vse in old Rome 323. giuen at the giuing of Ingenuitie 325 Right worshipfull 124 Richmond Earldom 199. 229 Ricos hombres 289 Richard Earle of Cornwall brother to Henrie III. 345 Riders 332 Rosse Earldom 179 Rothsay Dukedom 179 Robert of Veer made Duke of Ireland and Marquisse of Dublin 216 Rowland 242 Robert Grostest his answere to Henrie III. questioning him whence he so well was able to instruct yong courtiers in fine Praefat. Rodulph 11. Emperor his League with the Turk about their Titles 113 Round Tables 365. 366 Romanorum Imperator 387 Rubeum Caput 83. 84 Russia Alba Nigra 84 Russian See Muscouir S SAlchodai of the Persians what 11 Salutations twixt Emperors 38. 40. in Rome anciently twixt common persons 47. flattering salutations forbidden by the Emperor 40. Persian salutations 40. 41. Iewish 49. 52. Punique and Syrian and Greek 53. Turkish 98. See in Pragmatica and in Superiors Sanctitas Regum 65 Saba Queen whence 73 Salomon and Q. Maqueda 86 Sabaei and Terra Sabaea 86 Sarmatians planted in Europe 91 92 Saxonie Dukedom 116. its Coat and inuestiture 152 Sanctissimus 121 Sacred Maiestie 123 Saturn President of the Iewish law in Astrologie 166. See Belus Salique law whence and when and by whom composd 175. 299. Salica Terra what 175. 296 Saxon Nobilitie anciently 177. 204 268 Sagibaro 261 Sach or Sake 261 Saccabor Sathabor c. 263 Sagmaria 291 Saumarius 291 Sardanapalus 6 Sanzacbegler 355. 377. 379 Scaligeran familie 92 Scepter how anciently a token of Roialtie 154. Eagles born and other birds on the top of it 155. an ensigne of the Consuls 155. swearing by it 157. why and whence it was vsd in othes 158 Scutarius 340 Scales 263 Scilpor 341 Scotlands King free as the Emperor 27. knighted here in England and his excepting against the Marshals fees 315 Sesostris Sesoosis or Sefonchosis 32. 73. 46 Septimius Seuerus why calld Arabicus 86 Semper Augustus Semper inuictus 89 Seat of the Great Chan. 92 Seals who might vse them