the King D. Pedro else it would be dangerous that being in his power he would doe him some affront being rash cruel and without respect besides the country of Nauarre being then vnfurnished and the forces of Castile round about them it was to be feared that if he seemed vnwilling to doe that which he required with his detention he would cause his men to ouerrunne his country to the great preiudice both of himselfe and the Nauarrois his subiects He beleeued them and made answer to the King of Castile that both himselfe and his meanes were at his commandment prouided that he yeelded the like vnto him if he receiued any discommodity by making himselfe an enemy to the King of Arragon his brother in law The allyance of Castile which he so much sought to make vse thereof against the French brought him into this error that he made no difficulty to put himselfe into the hands of the most disloyall Prince liuing In the peace made betwixt Castile and Arragon Castille there had beene propounded that D. Pedro King of Castile should marry D. Ieanne second daughter to the King of Arragon for D. Constance the eldest had beene married to D. Frederic of Sicile but the Ambassador of Castile by his maisters commandment made a motion for the marriage betwixt D. Alphonso son to D. Maria of Padilla and D. Leonora the yongest daughter of Arragon the which was concluded vpoÌ„ condition that the king of Castile should cause his son D. Alphonso to be declared lawful heire of the Realmes of Castile Leon c. and that he should giue him presently the Siegneury of Molina with the towns of Almaçan and Medina Celi whereof D. Garci Aluares of Toledo maister of S. t Iames and his high Steward should be put in possession and that the pretended marriage betwixt the king and D. Maria of Padilla shold be proued by him to haue bin done after the decease of Queen Blanche the King of Arragon promising for himself and his successors that if after the decease of Don Pedro King of Castile there should be any question made vnto D. Alphonso his sonne in law touching the succession he should aide and assist him with all the forces of Arragon Don Pedro King of Castile to haue this declaration made and his sonne Alphonso acknowledged for lawful heire had called the Estates to Seuile and there the fact being propounded by him it was receiued allowed future obedience sworn vnto the Infant by the Estates as heire after his father consenting that Donna Maria of Padilla deceased should be called Queene and her daughters D. Beatrix D. Constance and Donna Izabella Infants of Castile but neither of the marriage nor of any thing thereon depending was there any accompt made after the interview of the kings of Nauarre and Castile at Soria but without all respect of accords promises or oathes assoon as these two kings were parted Peace broken by the Castâ—â—aâ— with Arragon he of Castile came with a great power into Arragon and tooke Ariça Ateça Terrer Mros Cerina and Alhama and layed seege to Calatajub the which he tooke and put to route many knights which came to succour it by reason whereof Aranda with other townes and castles yeelded Then hauing left Don Garci Aluares of Toledo Master of the knights of Saint Iames vppon the frontier he returned to Seuile On the other part the King of Nauarre because hee would not faile of his promise made at Soria sent to denounce warre against the king of Arragon his brother-in-law for that during his affaires and imprisonment in France he would not succor him VVar declare 〈◊〉 by the king 〈◊〉 Nauar against Arragon whereunto the king of Arragon offering to satisfie him with good reasons he would not heare any Hauing therefore assembled his forces he came to beseege the towne of Sos and tooke it then Saluaterra running by the vallies of the Pyrenees vnto the town of Iacca where as the king of Arragon had placed Peter of Pomar for Gouernor The king Don Charles being returned into his countrie he had soone after a supply of two thousand men at armes sent him out of Castile which he disposed with his Nauarrois vppon the frontiers of Arragon whereas they did spoyle burne and murther In the meane time the Infant D. Alphonso of Castile who should haue beene sonne-in-law to the king of Arragon dyed An. 1363. In the yeare 1363. the king of Castile doubting that the French would bee reuenged for the death of Queene Blanche of Bourbon whom he had caused to bee poysoned after that he had intreated her vnworthily many yeares seeing also a peace made betwixt them and the English he sent Ambassadors to Edward king of England and to the Prince of Wales his soone to demand their allyance and friendship the which they willingly granted The king of Arragon vnderstanding well that the warre which the king of Nauarre made against him was forced he sought by subtill meanes to diuide him from his allyance with Castile And knowing that king Charles had alwaies beene in quarrell with the French king for the Dutchie of Bourgogne and other lands he sent Don Iohn Fernandes of Heredia in ambassage to King Iohn who being come into Auignon and hauing had many conferences with the Lords of the French kings Councell he preuailed so much as they were content to referre all controuersies to the arbitrement of the king of Arragon his Master and to sixe Cardinals for which cause the kings of Nauarre and Arragon began from that time to haue secret intelligence one with another to the preiudice of Castile Notwithstanding the army of Castile returning into Arragon the king of Nauarre sent his brother Lewis with many Nauarrois and Gascons among others Don Martin Henriques of Lacarra Standard-bearer of the Realme and Captal of Buch vnto them Siege was layed to Tarraçone and the place taken in the which was Albert a Knight of S. Iohn Boria was also taken and Iohn Ximenes of S. Piren with other Knights which were within it the castle of Vaguena was burnt with the Captiane which defended it called Michel Barnabas whose sonne carrying the same name was for this cause made noble by the king of Arragon with all his posteritie by a decree made by the Body of the State Cariniena was also taken where as Don Pedro King of Castile vsed horrible cruelties vppon the inhabitants for those that he left aliue were afflicted with torments more grieuous then death of some he cut off the hands of othes the feete and of some the noses and eares Magallon and the Vicount of Isle which defended it Teruel castle Habib Ademus Villel and the towne of Segorue were also made subiect to the king of Castile Don Pedro Maca was taken in the castle of Segorue and Ximen Doriz at Xerica After which the K. of Castile tooke Mormedro Almenara Bugnol Macasta Benaguazil Alpuche with many other places and
yet in the end he was receiued and saluted as king and after the example of this stately citie many other towns of that Realme yeelded vnto him The King D. Pedro seeing himselfe abandoned put a great quantitie of money and other treasure into a gally and retired into Portugal but fearing his cousin D. Fernand Infant of that Realme who loued him not he past in great doubt vnto S. Iames in Gallicia where he caused D. Suero of Toledo Archb. of that place and D. Pedro Aluarez of Toledo Deane of the same church to be slaine and adding sacriledge to this murther he spoiled their houses and caried away their goods which was the chiefe cause why he slue them Being doubtfull what to do he resolued in the end to go by sea to Bayone in France wherefore parting from the Groine with 22. ships and one gally carrying with him his three daughters Beatrix Constance and Izabel hee came to S. Subastians in Guipuscoa where he had some thousands of double ducats and other riches the which he took with him Flight of the king D. Pedro out of Spaine and set sayle towards Bayonne A gally which followed him in which was Martin Ianes his Treasurer with much mony other precious things was stayed by the Inhabitants of Seuile which cittie beeing greatly affected vnto D. Henry put themselues vnder his obedience soone after the kings departure and the cittie of Cordoua did the like So hatefull was the king D. Pedro and so pleasing was the mild disposition of Don Henry as in a short time hee found himselfe King of a great and mightie Kingdome almost without striking stroake the people striuing who should bee first receiued Don Henry being at Seuile he confirmed the peace with the Kings of Portugall and Granado but he was deceiued in this prosperitie being too confident of his new subiects so as although he knew well that his enemy was retired to the English with great store of treasure and that he might well coniecture that he would draw succors from thence to trouble him in the possession of this Realme newly conquered yet he dismist his strangers well satisfied which were all his force and retayned onely Bertrand of Guesclin and Bernard bastard of Foix with some 1500. horse French and English The country of Gallicia opposed it selfe most against D. Henry that being pacified and subdued he assembled the Estates at Burgos the which besides that they did sweare fidelitie vnto his son D. Iohn as heire vnto the Crowne did grant vnto him the tenth peny of all the merchandize they should sell within the Realme and so much the more willingly when as they vnderstood that the king D. Pedro prepared to returne into Spaine with a great power of English D. Henry to gratifie the cittie of Burgos gaue vnto it in that assembly the towne of Miranda of Ebro the which did belong to the Church of Burgos it did also serue to recompence the towne of Birbiesca belonging to the citie which he had giuen to D. Pedro Fernandes of Velasco his great Chamberlaine To the Church of Burgos in recompence of Miranda he gaue a pension of sixtie thousand marauidis vppon the tenths due from the sea to bee employed in the ordinary distributions for the seruice which is done there day and night Don Dominicke was then Bishop of Burgos the eight and twentith Pastor in number who obtayned this Bishoppricke after a manner worthie to be related for the Chapter beeing diuided and at controuersie about the election of a new Bishoppe after the death of Don Fernand the third who had newly left and abandoned that seate and not able to agree and determine vppon two chiefe persons propounded in that assembly they concluded to referre the nomination to Dominick then Chanoine of that Church beeing held a man of a good and holy life This good Chanoine hauing accepted the nomination bethought himselfe of a meanes to displease neither party saying merily vnto them Bishop of Burgos chosen by himselfe that if it were their pleasures hee should name a Bishop hee was of opinion that himselfe should be the man the which he deliuered with so good a grace as the Chapter could not take it ill wherefore Dominick the Chanoine became presently Bishop hauing neuer before once dreamed to aspire to that dignitie and his election was soon after confirmed by the Pope This Bishop was a good seruant To D. Henry At that time D. Tello brother to Don Henry married a Gentle-woman which was called Donna Ieanne of Lara as his first wife who was Lady of Biscay by reason whereof many did beleeue it was the same that was daughter to Don Iohn Nugnes of Lara who they say had beene slain by the King Don Pedro and this perswasion continued among the people of Biscay some time being nourished by Don Tello Donna Ieanne Manuel wife to Don Henry was sent him into Castile by Don Pedro king of Arragon who would that Donna Leonora Infanta of Arragon future wife to Don Iohn the eldest sonne of D. Henry should accompanie her But before he dismissed them he caused Donna Ieanne Manuel who intitled her selfe Queene of Castile and Leon to sweare to do her best to cause Don Henry her husband to giue him the citties of Soria and Cuenca the townes of Molina and Medina Celi and the Realme of Murcia as they had agreed and hee had promised before this Conquest And moreouer he demanded rembursement of certaine summes of mony which hee had lent him whereunto Don Henry who had newes of the armie which was preparing by the English in fauour of Don Pedro his competitor made an honest answer for it was reasonable sayd he to attend the end of this great preparation which was made against him The King of Nauarre in this first warre had not shewed himselfe a fauourer to either of Nauarre these contending Princes but knowing that the King Don Pedro was retire to Bayone dispossessed of his Realme he came to see him and was there present at the accord and promises which past betwixt Edward Prince of Wales and him The Princes supping together held this order the King Don Pedro was on the right hand and next to him the Prince of Wales and on the other side was the king of Nauar alone who being returned into Nauar he was much sollicited by Don Henry to be of his partie but he was already ingaged by promise to Don Pedro king of Castile and to the Prince of Wales to giue them free passage through his countrie The k. of Arragon aduertised of all these things prest the French king by his ambassadors to make warre against the English and also against the king of Nauarre promising to ioyne for his part to diuert the storme which was comming vppon Don Henry the new king of Castile whom he ought to haue receiued into this league and in the meane time there was continuall war vppon the frontiers of Arragon and
Nauarre Notwithstanding these things aboue-mentioned D. Henry did so labour the king of Nauar as he made him forget the promises he had made at Bayone to D. Pedro king of Castile and to the English comming to meet with D. Henry at Santa Cruz of Campeço where hee promised and sware to bee of his side and to do his best to stop the passage of the English army through Nauarre which would haue auayled him much to breake the desseines of the dispossessed king for in the passage of the Pyreneé hilles hee had nothing to fauour him but the Townes of Saint Sebastian and Guetaria in Guipuscoa At these promises sollemnly made by the king of Nauarre vnto Don Henry there assisted Don Gomes Manrique Arch-bishop of Toledo D. Lopes Fernandes of Luna Arch-bishop of Sarragossa Don Alphonso of Arragon Earle of Denia and Marquis of Villena Bertrand of Guesclin and many other great personages of Castile France and Arragon And a league was concluded betwixt the kings of Arragon Nauarre and Don Henry for their common defence against all men And the king promised to be readie with the forces of his countrie and to be in person at the Battaile which they thought would be giuen for assurance whereof there was deliuered into the Arch-bishops hands of Sarragossa the castle of Garde and that of S. Vincent to Bertrand of Guesclin and that of Buradon was giuen in gard to D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan In recompence of the good offices which D. Henry expected from King Charles he promised to giue him the towne of Logrogno to him and his for euer It was likely that D. Henries affaires should succeed better then those of Don Pedro and therefore K. Charles made choice to hold with the stronger as he thought The dispossessed king of Castile and the Prince of Wales vnderstanding of this league found it very strange and the English being more familiar with the king of Nauarre he complained much vnto him and sought to reduce him to his first promises the which he did making him againe with the note of great inconstancie to quit the party of Don Henry and of the king of Arragon in regard that they had promised to giue him besides Logrogno the citie of Victoria which did yet hold for the king Don Pedro for the which he bound himselfe by oath to giue them passage and to be in person with his troupes in the battell in their fauor excusing his lightnesse for that the Realme of Castile did by right belong vnto the King D. Pedro and withall he had a desseine to make vse of the friendship and forces of the English in the quarrels and pretensions he had with the French King who did much trouble his affaires The conditions which D. Pedro king of Castile made with the Prince of Wales were these He gaue him from that time the Segneurie of Biscay Castro of Ordiales Conditions betwixt D. Pedro and the Prince of VVales promised to pay the soldiers which he led into Spaine leauing his three daughters in hostage with the English he promised the citie of Soria to Iohn Chandos Constable in Guienne for the English and to many other Noblemen and knights other places and townes in Castile Vpon these accords being full of good hope seeing they had the king of Nauar their friend they marched with a great and mighty armie in the Spring time 1367. An. 1367. to repossesse the king D. Pedro in his Realme King Charles whether troubled in conscience for the oaths which he had so often broken or for some other consideration would not bee in person at this incounter betwixt the king D. Pedro and D. Henry as hee had promised but vnder colour of going a hunting he caused himselfe to bee taken prisoner by a plot and accord made with Olyuer of Manny or Maulny a Britton Knight who held the castle of Berja for Bertrand of Guesclin who had it by gift from the king of Arragon in the which he was shut vp and for that he would not shew himselfe altogether disloyall hee left Don Martin Henriques of Lacarra the master of his horse and his Standard-bearer at Pampelona with three hundred Lances commanding him to ioyne with the English armie and to fight in it The English armie arriued at Cuenca or Combe of Pampelona Castile about the beginning of March this yeare 1367. from whence it past into Alaua besides the Prince of Wales and Don Pedro king of Castile there were in it Iohn Duke of Lancaster brother to the Prince D. Iames of Maiorca son to the king Don Iames who had come for refuge to this English Prince being at Bourdeaux Iohn Chandos Constable of Guien Robert Felton great Seneshall Richard of Angle and Stephen of Consentone Marshals of Guien moreouer the Earle of Armaignac and Albert who offered and brought to this warre a thousand complet lances of his subiects and friends but they were reduced to his great griefe to two hundred by the Prince beeing so aduised by some other or of his own proper motion and for enuy which vice some write did often blemish the great vertues that were in him For euen some affirme that this voyage whih he vndertooke into Spaine was not for charity nor any loue he bare to the dispossessed king D. Pedro but for that the honor and reputation which Bertrand of Guesclin hand gotten to haue made D. Henry K. of Castile would not let him sleepe Besides the aboue named there did accompanie the Prince of Wales in this expedition the Earls of Perigort and Cominges the Vicont of Carmain Bernard and Perducas of Albert Captal of Buch the Lord of clisson the Seneshals of Xaintong Rochel Querci Limosin Agenois and Bigorre with many other Noblemen and renowned knights of England Poitou Brittaine Gasconie and other contries and among them some which had a litle before serued D. Henry vnder the command of Bertrand of Guesclin which Guesclin did not fayle at need but came to D. Henries army with a good number of Knights and souldiers to ayd him to maintaine his conquest Vpon the newes of this mighty army D. Henry had gathered together all his good subiects so as according to the French Authors it may be exceeding in their computations he made accompt to haue 7000. men at arms 20000. light horse and 40000. foot wherof many were armed with slings much feared in those dayes with these forces hee came to incounter his enemie and lodged betwixt S. Dominike of Calçada and Bagnares the enemy being camped about Saluatierra who approching towards Logrogno he came to Calderan The Captaines were of opinion that D. Henry should not fight but only coast the enemy and keepe him in continuall feare cutting off their victuals and other commodities whereby they should be soone forced to breake of themselues so had the French king aduised him to do but hee who was a Prince of great spirit and more resolute in such actions then was
fit for the head of an Estate and incouraged by some small aduantage gotten of the fore-runners of the English by D. Tello and D. Sancho his breethren who had taken Thomas Felton Prince of VVales writes to D. Henry a knight and some others gouerned himselfe after his own humor who raysing his army came to Nagera seing the English approch to Nauarreâ— From hence the Prince of Wales did write vnto D. Henry terming him Earle of Transtamara which letter was full of courtesie and good words perswading him to quit the title of King and to yeeld vnto his brother D. Pedro the lawfull K. of Castile assuring him hee would be a meanes that he should haue a good composition and aboue all that he shold auoid to come to a battell the euent whereof must needs be his ruine seeing they did much exceede them in number their souldiers invalour and their Captaines in leading To the which D. Henry made answer that he could not hearken to any accord with him D. Henryes answer who had against the law of Nature taken delight to murther so many of the bloud royal and other great personages of Castile who had no respectiue regard of the lawes of the country and much lesse of God falsifying his oath and promises hauing no other rule in his actions but his tyrannous passions and with his excuses hee gaue many good words in regard of the Prince of Wales protesting that he came with griefe to fight and that the would willingly haue auoyded the effusion of Christian bloud which he prepared to see These Princes being thus disposed D. Henry defeted in battell the armies presented themselues one before another betwixt Nagera and Nauarret where they incountred with such fury about Aleçon neere to the Bourg of Açofra as after great effusion of bloud D. Henries men wee put to flight the disorder beginning on D. Tellos side and many were taken prisoners by the English French and Nauarrois against some of which the K. D. Pedro being incensed did execute his rage causing them to be murthered in his presence among others the first master of the Knights of S. Bernard the last also being taken in this defeat had his head cut off by the kings commandement It was a military order sprung vp in Biscay to which knights should be assigned the lands called Beetries which lay neere but it was suddenly extinct by reason of these wars and by this excesse of the King D. Pedro. Many were reconciled by the mediation of the Prince of Wales of which number was D. Sancho brother to the Erle D. Henry others were streightly imprisoned among which were Bertrand of Guesclin Arnold of Andreghen and Begue of Villaines D. Henry escaped from the battell and posting towards Nagera his horse being tyred and out of breath hee met with a Squire of the Prouince of Alaua called Ruy Fernandes of Goana who knowing him mounted him vpon a good Genet with the which he came into the K. of Arragons countrie to whom he would not go remembring the miseries which follow afflicted Princes fallen from their fortunes and the small faith that is in friends in such extremities euery one drawing backe and seeking to excuse himselfe vnto the Victor to please whom many times the vnfortunat is deliuered vp to sacrifice Wherefore hee past the mountaines and retired into France leauing the townes and Noblemen of Castile which had followed his party in great perplexity D. Pedro of Luna a knight of Arragon futâ—re Pope with him there retired that D. Pedro of Luna a Cattelan who of a knight as he was then carrying armes became a Clergie man was a Cardinall and in the end Pope during the great Schisme which did so much trouble the Church of Rome After this great victorie which hapned the third day of April 1367. the king D. Pedro entred in great pompe into Burgos from whence D. Ieanne Manuel called Queen of Castile wife to D. Henry her children and daughter-in-law were a little before retired and fled in all hast into Arragon where they were receiued but not so chearefully as before for the king of Arragon studied how he might recouer the fauour of Don Pedro King of Castile being therein assisted by the Prince of Wales and aduised to abandon D. Henry who was vanquished D. Romero Bishop of Lerida D. Pedro Earle of Vrgel the Vicont of Cardona D. Iohn Fernandes of Heredia and others were of this opinion who were sent Ambassadors to D. Pedro King of Castile and Reymond Pegnera and Iames Elfaro went to the Prince of Wales Some say that the Prince of Wales beginning to descouer the ingratitude of D. Pedro King of Castile there was in this Negotiation a plot laied betwixt him and the king of Arragon to diuide the king of Castile betwixt them and to giue some part of the booty to the kings of Nauarre and Portugal and so wholy to reiect the tyrant D. Pedro. The King of Nauarre hearing of the victory which the King of Castile had obtained Nauarre thought it now time to creepe out of his deene pressing Oliuer of Maulny to set him at liberty but the difficulty was this knight would be paied for his good seruice hauing taken the king prisoner King Charles gaue him D. Pedro his second sonne in hostage assuring him that if he would come to Tudelo he would giue him all that hee had promised and more This good knight tooke the Infant D. Pedro and put him into the castle of Borja deliuered the king and soone after through his great simplicity followed him to Tudelo Oliuer of Maulny deliuers the King of Nauarre and remaines prisoner himselfe but he was no sooner arriued but they layed hold of him and put him in prison vntil hat he had yeelded the hostage A brother of his should haue beene taken with him by the kings commandement but seeking to flie away ouer a house hee was slaine by them that pursued him King Charles did write presently to the king of Arragon complayning of the wrong which the Britons holding the castle of Borja and Magallon had done him and that they detained and withâ—eld his sonne whom hee had beene forced for to giue them in Ostage hearing that they ment to carry him into France the which hee intreated him to preuent setting good gards vpon the passages of his country He sayd moreouer that he threatned to inuade his country of Nauarre relying vpon the support they had of Arragon wherefore hee intreated him not to giue them forces nor any aide in such enterprises and not take it ill if hee led an army before Borja to deliuer his soone from prison Garci Sanchez Prior of Ronceual was sent of this Ambassage into Arragon who not onely executed his charge but also entred into a treaty of marriage betwixt Charles the eldes sonne of Nauarre and D. Leonora daughter to the King of Arragon The King of Arragon who had no
need of any enemies for that he feared the King of Castile caused the trouble of Borja to cease and commanded the Brittons to deliuer the Infant D. Pedro who beeing carried to Tudelo Oliuer of Maulny was also deliuered As for the marriage although the King of Arragon did much desire it yet the King of Nauarre hauing retired his sonne did not much care for it meaning first to see what should become of the broiles of Castile 21 The King D. Pedro the cruell Castile victorious but insolent and treacherous as of custome could not conteine himselfe within the bounds of modesty and reason neither to his subiects nor to strangers English French and others who had seated him in his Kingdome There were great controuersies amongst them for prisoners and ransomes D Pedro King of Castile discontents the English and other strangers and the souldiars pay yet after much disputing there was some kinde of agreement D. Pedro King of Castile sent D. Pedro Fernandes Peres of Ayala with the Deputies of the Prince of Wales to put them in possession of the Lordship of Biscay and Castro of Ordiales according vnto their accords but the Biscains beeing aduertised that what the King did was onely to content the Prince of Wales and to shew that hee had a will to performe his promise but not that he had any meaning to maintaine it besides that of their owne dispositions they did abhor the command of strangers they would neuer receiue these Deputies nor consent that they should be put in possession of their country which was the cause of great troubles The King seeming to bee much discontented at these difficulties made a sollemne oth in the chiefe Church of Burgos that hee would put the Prince of Wales in possession of the Siegneuries of Biscay D. Pedro seeing himselfe restored to his Realme he desired to know what the destynies did promise him and therefore he demanded aduice of a councellor to the King of Granado called Aben-Hatin a great and learned Astrologian and Phylosopher who sent him a letter full of learning saying that hee must looke vnto his owne carriage and how hee gouerned his subiects for thereon depended the continuance of his raigne Holy aduertisments of a Phylosopher Moore to D. Pedro. either long or short and the continuance of the scepter in his family adding many precepts the which if hee had duly obserued without doubt he had raigned securely in peace but hee fel into his frenezies and cruelties the which did so estrange the hearts of those which abhorred his forepassed tyranies as his fall must needes bee miserable Hee parted from Burgos and went to seeke meanes to content the English commanding that as soone as he should bee out of the city they should put to death Ruy Ponce Palomeque and some others whom hee had caused to be put into the castle of Burgos Being come nere vnto Toledo he would haue hostages of the Inhabitants for his assurance and there hee put to death seuenteene of the chiefe of the city then hee went to Cordoua from which place he sent to Seuile that they should put to death Gil Bocanegra D. Iohn Ponce of Leon Lord of Marchene and Alphonso Aluares of Quadros with an other called Alphonso Fernandes Hee caused many to be disparched at Cordoua before hee came to Seuile where beeing arriued hee caused Donna Vrraca Osorio mother to D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman to bee slaine and Martin Iames his high treasorer taking great delight in his murthers and reuenges vpon these miserable creatures for that he had not found them ready to follow his fortune or for some other discontentment forgeting that for such inhumanities and tyranies he had beene once cast out of Spaine He caused D. Martin Lopes of Cordoua maister of Calatraua A Moore more kinde then D. Pedro a Christian King to be apprehended and would haue put him to death but the King of Granado demanded him in guift and did so much as he saued his life He had done more if time and meanes had permitted but God preuented him for D. Henry stayed not long to depriue him both of realme and life After the losse of the battaile D. Henry came into the country of Foix where beeing well entertained by the Earle and furnished with all things befitting such a knight hee went to Auignon whereas Pope Vrbain the fifth did raigne who did loue and esteeme him much and therefore he receiued him courteously and delt with Lewis Duke of Aniou brother to the French King and Gouernor of Languedoc to giue him meanes to raise a new army to returne into Spaine whether many friends recalled him assuring him that the cruelties which the King D. Pedro continued prepared him the way to recouer his good fortune and that now there was not any difficulty to settle him firmely neither need they feare that D. Pedro should finde fauour or succors with the English whom he had defrauded of their pay and recompences promise and sent home discontented D. Iranne wife to D. Henry and his children finding themselues not very safe in Arragon by reason of the friendship that was betwixt the King of Arragon and the Prince of Wales they had past into France whereas they remained in the castle of Perapertuse vnto the end of the warre such was the diligence of D. Henry and of his friends as hee obtained from the King fiue thousand pounds starling in ready money and liberty to leauy souldiars within his Realme D. Henry bastard of Castile aided againe by the French Hee had also succors both of money and men from the Duke of Aniou from Guy Cardinal of Bologne and other Noblemen of France beeing incensed against the King D. Pedro the murtherer of Queene Blanthe of Bourbon his wife notwithstanding D. Henry found many great difficulties an ordinary thing for those that are in aduersity for the French King feared least the English should take it ill that he gaue succors vnto their enemy and to make such a preparation for warre as was necessary he had neede of a great masse of money which was the greatest hindrance of his affaires Some therevpon write that in one day hee caused all the money to be seized on that was in Auignon in marchants and Banquers hands the Pope giuing his consent and hee promising vpon the faith of a Prince to restore it In the end he had meanes to raise a good army but before he began to march he had certaine newes that the Prince of Wales was returned into Guienne much discontented with the King D. Pedro and moreouer that all the Prouince of Guipuscoa except Saint Sebastien and Guetaria the townes of Biscay Segobia Vailledolit Palence Auila Guadalajara Salamanca Medina del Campo Toro Almedo Areualo Coca Madrigal Carrion Sepulueda Aillon Atiença Illescas with many other forts held his party Whilest that D. Arragon Henry ptopares to passe into Spaine some of the English and French souldiars returning
from the seruice of D. Pedro King of Castile by the pace betwixt Nauarre and Arragon spoiling the valleies they attempted to enter into Iacca Against these men the Inhabitants of the country both Nobles and Commons armed so as after diuerse skirmishes whereas many were slaine of both sides these strangers beeing aboue fifteene thousand men past the Pyrenes and returned into their countries The King of Arragon before the Prince of Wales his retreat had sought by his meanes to recouer Sauveterre and Real of Rueste which the Nauarrois held since the warre of Castile but he could not As for the King of Nauarre Nauarre hee recouered the places which hee had left in deposito when as he made a league with the King of Arragon and D. Henry wherein hee was assisted by D. Pedro King of Castile and through fauour of the victory which hee had obtained but yet hee could neither get Logrogno from him nor the towne of victoria which he had promised him Integrity of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan neither could hee retire out of the hands of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan a Knight of honour the place of Buradon whereof he had beene chosen Gardien saying That hee did not follow the fortune and passions of princes but the equity of the faith which was promised and sworne This good Knight had retired himselfe into Arragon after the battaile lost when as D. Henry saued himselfe in France to whose seruice he returned soone after The Prince of VVales before he went out of Spaine Leagues ful of infidelity of the Princes of those times had practised a firme league betwixt the Kings raigning then in Spaine and himself but with diuerse deseignes wherein he assured himselfe that the King of Nauarre would bee faithfull and furnish him with a good number of souldiars As for him of Arragon he imbraced the league as it seemed with great affection thinking hee could not then doe better then to ioyne with the victorious King of Castile and the English To conclude this league a day was appointed for he Deputies of all these Princes at Tarbes in the meane time the treachries of D. Pedro King of Castile were so hatefull vnto the Prince of VVales as he returned to Bourdeaux discontented The Deputies of the Kings of Nauarre and Arragon and of the Prince of VVales came to Tarbes at the day appointed where there also arriued some from Castile The dispositions of these Princes were such as the King of Arragon would willingly haue ioyned with D. Henry if hee had durst but hee followed fortune he of Nauarre was more inclyned to the Prince of VVales but whatsoeuer it were euery one sought to make his proffit of these troubles and to draw some thing from Castile the King of Arragon would haue Murcia and some other townes hee of Nauarre demanded the prouinces of Guipuscoa and Alaua namely Victoria Sauueterre Treuigno and many townes in Rioja the Prince of VVales pretended Biscay Castro of Ordiales and many other places all promising to bandy themselues against D. Henry and to stop his passage into Spaine if these things were performed by D. Pedro if not they were as ready to enter into league with D. Henry if hee made them the like pormises Thus the Realme of Castile was set to sale On the other side King Edward father to the Prince of VVales and the King of Arragon had their practises apart to diuide the realme of Castile and Leon betwixt them and to giue some part vnto the King of Nauarre Thus these Princes laboured to diuide that betwixt them which God had appointed for an other and their propositions and disputes at Tarbes were such and of so many things as not able to conclude any thing they referred their assembly to Oleron where they did lesse 22 During these Negotiations D. Henry entred with his French army into Arragon Nauarre which made euery one to thinke of his affaires with D. Henry was Bernard bastard to the Earle of Foix who had beene taken in the battaile of Nagera Second Entries D. Henry bastard of Castile into Spaine and redeemed from the English and although that the King of Arragon sought to diuert this passage yet D. Henry went his course and by Nauarre also finding not any opposition Hauing past the riuer of Ebro with his whole army marching in the country of Castile hee fell on his knees and making a crosse vpon the sand hee sware that no toile nor misfortune should euer make him goe out of Castile Hee entred into Calaorra without contradiction the eight and twentith of September this yeere of our Lord 1367. whether many Knights Squiers and other men came vnto him flying the furie of the King D. Pedro. Being assured of Calaorra hee came to Logrogno where hee found great resistance wherefore he past on by Rioja and Bureba and came to Burgos where the Inhabitants receiued him with great affection and although the castle and the Iewes place made some resistance yet he brought them to obedience and tooke within the castle D. Iames of Majorca who defended it Hee was sonne to the last King of Majorca and had escaped from a hard prison where hee had beene long detained in the new castle at Barcelona since the yeere of our Lord 1362. then beeing come to Naples hee had the happe to marrie Queene Ieanne of Naples whom they called Duke of Calabria and not King of Naples Many townes yeelded vnto Don Henry in fewes daies and about the beginning of the yeere of our Lord 1368. he got the city of Leon wherefore hauing much blemished the name and authority of his aduersary in old Castile hee marched with his army towards Toledo which city hee beseeged making a bridge of wood ouer the riuer of Tayo to passe and repasse his army as occasion should serue The Inhabitants were desirous to receiue D. Henry but for that Don Pedro held many of their men in hostage fearing least hee should kill them they durst not declare themselues At this seege the French Kings Ambassadors preuailed so with Don Henry as hee sware to compromit the controuersies which hee had with the King of Arragon hauing that charge from their maister who desired to reconcile these two Princes at this promise there were present Don Pedro of Arragon the Kings vncle the Archbishop of Toledo Don Pedro Fernandes of Velasco Fernand Peres of Ayala Diego Gomes of Toledo Gonçal-Messie of Pont and others Don Pedro King of Castile hauing fortified and manned the towne of Carmona parted thence to come to Eccia hauing in his company Mahumet King of Granado Army of the King D. Pedro. called the old with all the forces of his Realme consisting of seuen thousand horse and foure score thousand foot whereof twelue thousand were Crosse-bowes or a some write thirtie thousand to whom the King Don Pedro did ioyne fifteene hundreth horse and sixe thousand foote of his subiects and partisans Spaniards
Don Charles who was in France who beeing some-what peacefied by the French King made a peace with him which continued about fiue yeeres by reason whereof hee prepared himselfe to returne into Nauarre in the end of the yeere of our Lord 1372. An. 1372. Attending whose returne the Queene his wife beeing sollicited for the townes of Victoria Saluaterra of Alaua and others which had yeelded themselues to the King of Nauarre could finde no better expedient to content the King Don Henry then to consent that Pope Gregorie the eleuenth who had newly succeeded Vrbaine the fifth should bee Iudge of this difference and that vntill hee had sent a Cardinall with sufficient authority to determine the townes should remaine in the hands of D. Iohn Ramires of Areilan a Knight of great vertue and esteeme who should keepe them in deposito in the Popes name This the Queene yeelded vnto to the end the Realme might be in quiet at her husbands returne but notwithstanding this accord the King Don Henry sought to get these places by force so as Saluaterra of Alaua and Saint Croix were reduced vnder his obedience but Victoria and Logrogno remained in the custody of D. Iohn Ramires of Areillan King Charles complained to Pope Gregory the eleuenth at Auignon of this excesse done by the King D. Henry then he came with all speed into his Realme of Nauarre to defend it against the army of the King D. Henry who threatned to enter into his country if hee did not restore him the townes of Logrogno and Victoria King Charles gaue him to vnderstand that seeing it had beene agreed to put their controuersies to compromise to the Pope who had sent a Legat into Spaine which was Cardinal Guy of Bologno Bishop of Portuense that for his part hee was well content hee should determine thereof the which the King D. Henry did also yeeld vnto wherefore the Legat being come to Saint Dominike and hauing beene made acquainted with the rights and pretensions of both Kings hee made a peace betwixt them vpon these conditions 〈…〉 That the the townes of Logrogno and Victoria should be restored to the King of Castille That the Infant D. Charles eldest sonne to the King of Nauarre should take to wife Donna Leonora Infanta of Castille daughter to D. Henry with a dowry of a hundred thousand doublons at the celebration of the marriage and moreouer besides the said summe King Henry should pay at the same time twenty thousand doublons to the King of Nauarre for his charges during the time he had held the sayd places That for assurance of the accomplishment of this marriage the Infant D. Pedro the younger sonne of Nauarre should remaine in hostage in Castile in the hands of the Queene D. Ieanne vntill that the Infant D. Charles should bee of sufficient age These things thus determined the two Kings met at Briona where they did confirme what had beene formerly concluded being come into Nauarre hee presently sent his sonne D. Charles to bee made sure to the Infanta D. Leonora who came to Briona well accompanied by the chiefest Noblemen of Nauarre where this ceremony was done with great pompe the townes of Victoria and Logrogno were restored and after the returne of the Infant D. Charles D. Pedro his brother was sent vnto the Queene of Castile to remaine there in hostage according to the accord The King of Nauarre hauing giuen order for this businesse hee examined their actions which had gouerned his Realme during his absence and hauing found that some faults had beene committed by the Bishop of Pampelone and the Deane of Tudelo whoâ— he had left for councellors to the Queene his wife they fearing to bee punished absented themselues The Bishop tooke his way to Rome where hee arriued safely and there ended the remainder of his daies but as for the Deane who sought to saue himself in Castile he was pursued and taken nere vnto Logrogno and there slaine by the Kings commandment Soone after Queen Iean returned into France where she liued not long 4 About the end of this yeere 1373. the King D. Charles and his eldest sonne came to Madrid to see the King D. Henry whom the King of Nauarre let vnderstand that to auoide a great trouble in his affaires The King of Nauar seekes to draw the King of Caâ—tile from the frienâ—ship of France to ioyne with the English which might grow by the meanes of Edward King of England and Edward Prince of Wales his sonne he should imbrace their friendship the which he had charge to offer him vpon conditioÌ„ he should breake the league he had with the French king their enemy in regard whereof they promised to giue no aide vnto the daughters of the deceased King D. Pedro who were in England making great sute vnto King Edward and to the Prince of Wales to restore them to their father Inheritance and moreouer that Iohn Duke of Lancaster had married D. Constance the one of them by reason whereof he pretended the Realme of Castile to belong vnto him as holding the place of the eldest being declared lawful and receiued in that quality by the Estates of the realme her sister D. Beatrix being dead Al which pretensions should bee relinquished by the English if he left the alliance of France paied a certaine sum of money vnto the Prince of Wales the which the D. Pedro his brother did owe him The King of Nauarre propounded these things as hauing charge from the English Princes who were enemies to France whose party he had alwaies held for the wrongs which hee pretended had beene done him by the French King his brother in law giuing many reasons to induce the King D. Henry to incline to this party but hee who held not the crowne of Castile of any other after God but of the French would not shew himselfe vnthankfull but answered resolutely that he would neuer quit the friendship of France but if the question were to disburse money to content the English thaâ— he was well content to do it Don Henry K. of Castile persists in the amity of France the which the King of Nauarre fayd was not sufficient and that he must of necessitie breake the League he had with France but if he held it not fit to do hee intreated him not to take in ill part what he had sayd vnto him seeing he had it in charge from the King of England to whom he was bound to do all good offices The king Don Henry thanked him for the paines he had taken to come so farre into Castile saying that he could not take that ill which he had spoken but for his part he wold persist in his first resolution so as the King of Nauarre returned into his Realme and the king Don Henry into Andalusia The king of Nauarre aduertised the English Princes of the answer he had receiued the which did much discontent them for the king of Castile did
and iurisdictions of Leon An. 1387. in the yeare 1387. and beseeged Benauent in vaine they passed by Villalobos Pialas and Valderas the which they took from whence returning by Ciudad Roderigo they retired into Portugal wanting victuals and beeing pressed with the plague and moreouer they had newes that the French supplies had passed Nauarre and were entring into Castile the which aduanced the conclusion of a peace betwixt the King of Castile and the Duke of Lancaster the which was made at Troncoso with these conditions That the Infant Don Henry the eldest sonne of Castile Accord betwixt the king of Castile and the Duke of Lancaster should marrie Catherine the daughter of the Duke of Lancaster and of his wife Donna Constance of Castile for whose dowrie the king D. Iohn shold assigne certaine places That the cittie of Guadalajara with the townes of Medina del campo and Olmedo should be giuen to the Dutchesse D. Constance to enioy the reuenues thereof during her life That the king should pay sixtie thousand pounds sterling to the Duke and to D. Constance his wife at certaine dayes and moreouer foure thousand pounds pension during their liues and the longer liuer of them In consideration whereof of the Duke of Lancaster and Donna Constance should renounce all rights actions and pretensions which they challenged to the Realmes of Castile Leon and their dependances and that the places taken in Gallicia should be restored This accord beeing thus concluded the Duke retired himselfe into the towne of Porto where he made his accord also with the King of Portugal to which treaties it seemes the Duke had bene forced by the plague which had consumed two third parts of his men The duke of Lancaster then hauing for the fruites of his voyage married his two daughters to two kings he returned into Guienne in the yeare 1387. not very well satisfied with the King of Portugal nor the king with him Of the marriage of Don Iohn king of Portugal and of D. Philippe there came this issue first they had a daughter called D. Blanche which dyed young in Lisbon Genealogie of Portugal then the Infant D. Alphonso borne in the yeare 1391. at S. Iren who liued not aboue two yeares their third child was Don Edward borne in the Towne of Viseo and succeeded in his fathers Realme Moreouer they had the Infant D. Pedro borne at Lisbon in the yeare 1392. he was Duke of Coimbra and Lord of Mont Major the old and of Amero then the Infant Don Henry of whome the Queene was deliuered at Porto he ws Duke of Viseo and Master of the Knights of Christus and it was he which first discouered the Ilands of Madera in the Ocean sea Of this marriage also came Donna Izabella borne at Ebora in the yeare 1397. who was Dutchesse of Bourgogne and Countesse of Flanders wife to Philip Duke of Bourgondie by her was built the Monasterie of Prolonga neere vnto Sintra of the Order of Saint Ierome They had besides these the Infant Don Iohn who was master of Saint Iames borne at Saint Iren in the yeare 1400. hee was Constable of Realme and beeing married with Donna Izabella daugther to Don Alphonso Duke of Bragance his bastard-brother he ws grandfafather by the mothers side to D. Izabella Queene proprietarie of Castile and Leon. And in the end the king Don Iohn and Donna Philippe his wife had the Infant Don Fernand borne in the yeare 1402. at Saint Iren who was Master of Auiz a zealous prince to the Christian Religion and full of charity Before that the king Don Iohn came vnto the Crowne being but Master of Auiz he had two bae children by a Geneltwoman called Donna Agnes that is Don Alphonso who married the daughter and heire of Don Nugno Aluares Periera Earle of Oren and Barcelles and Duke of Bragance called D. Beatrix and one daugther named also Donna Beatrix who was married to Thomas Earle of Arondel This is the issue of the King D. Iohn the first of Portugal who had yet a quarrell for the Realme with the King of Castile the poursuite whereof was deferred for a time for the king of Castile beeing to performe his promise to the Duke of Lancaster French succors fruitlesse for Castile and to pay him great summes of money he made choice at that time to send backe the French forces and not to suffer them to stay in his countrie giuing them part of their entertayment and good assurance for the rest Then hauing held an assembly of the Estates at Birbiesca by reason the plague was at Burgos he propounded the neede he had of money to pay the English Duke and therefore he attempted to impose a generall Tribute vppon the Clergie Nobility and third Estate without exception wherein he was croft beeing forced to seeke some other expedient From Birbiesca he came to Soria and then to Calaorra where he heard the French Ambassadors and sent others to Bayone to the Duke of Lancaster to confirme their accord and then it was concluded anew that from thence-foorth the Infant Don Henry should be called Prince of the Asturia's and his wife Princesse Title of Prince first giuen in Spaine to the Kings eldest sonne after the manner of England whereby the kings eldest son is called Prince of Wales and then began the custom to call the eldest of Castile Princes whom before they called Infants and it is an error to entitle them Princes of Castile or of Spaine for they are not called Princes for any other occasion but that they haue the Asturia's for their portion and intertaynment the which was made a principality first in this D. Henry and his wife D. Catherina to the patrimony of which principality Iaen Vbeda Bacça and Andujar haue beene since annexed It is an error also to thinke that this title of principalitie is giuen to the Asturia's of Ouiedo for that in that region ws the beginning of the recouerie of Spain for it proceeds not from any thing else but from this marriage betwixt Henry of Castile and Donna Catherina of Lancaster Before the king Don Iohn of Castile parted from Calaorra Charles the third king of Nauarre brother-in law to king Iohn came to visit him with the Queene Donna Leonora of Castile his wife This prince had succeeded king Charles the Bad his father D. Charles the 3. of that name and 31. of Nauarre in the yeare 1386. beeing dead at Pampelona of a Leprosie as the Spaniards say and the French Histories of a disease he got by his incontinencie whereof he languished long It is he of whom they write that the Phisitions hauing him in cure applying Aqua-vitae to restore him they set fire of it which tooke hold of the bed so as he was burnt and could not be releeued Others say that he was sowed vp in a sheet steeped in Aqua-vitae and that the Surgeon seeking to cut the threed holding a waxe light the sheet was suddenly
Earle with Martin Alphonso de Cabra Lord of the house of Montemajor was sent before to shut in those of the towne with the forces which he had in Baena then their followed him with foure thousand horse and other forces the Maister of Calatraua the Earle of Buendia and other Knights the King with the rest of the forces came after and the Queene with the whole Court came to Baena Those that went first with the Earle of Cabra beeing arriued on a morning neere to Moclin fell vnawares vpon the King of Granadoes army which was come to Moclin consisting of twenty thousand Moores as well horse as foote who neuerthelesse began to flie as soone as they did see the Christians whom they thought to bee farre more in number then they were but hauing better viewed them they returned and charged them so brauely as they disordered and put them to flight diuers were there slaine and taken The Christians defeated at Moclin the Earle escaped being hurt in the hand with a Harquebuze shot his horse hauing receiued foure wounds with a launce his brother D. Gonçall de Cordoua was slaine the Moores following the chase were staied and constrained to turne their backes by the troupes of the Maister of Calatraua and the Earle of Buendia This newes did greatly displease the Kings who altering their determination left Moclin and turned their forces against Cambill and Alhabar very strong places on the confines of Iaen and within three leagues of the city alwaies well kept and defended by the Kings of Granado The Marquis of Cales with the vantgard did approach neere vnto their forts whether the Artillery was brought with great difficulty and the battery made with all dilligence but they yeelded forthwith and the Moores which were within it were sent away free with their goods into Granado the Queene gaue these two forts to the city of Iaen where the King with the Maister of Saint Iames did determine to strengthen Alhama with foure thousand horse and fiue thousand foot which were appointed for the same purpose The Treasorer of Calatraua beeing gouernor of Alhama was sollicited by a Moore of the garrison of Salea to come thither with his forces and hee did assure him that he would finde meanes to cause him to enter into it the Treasorer hauing first of all well examined the Moore and being assured that he ment no deceite went on a night to Salea where the traitors brother did let downe a rope from the walles and helped to erect the scaling ladders by which the Christians mounted who after a dangerous fight made themselues Maisters of the place the Inhabitants whereof were all made slaues Pope Innocent the eight being daylie aduertized of these goodly victories graunted this yeere to the Kings to raise greater subsidies vpon the Clergy the which were moderated by the Cardinall of Spaine to one hundred thousand golden florins of the coine of Arragon About the end of the yeere the Court leauing Andaluzia came to Alcala de Henares Birth of the Infanta Catherine where Queene Isabell was brought in bed of a daughter named Catherin who was wife to Arthur Prince of Wales heire to the crowne of England and afterward married to his brother King Henry the eight of that name In Alcala which was a place belonging to the Archbishop of Toledo the Alcaides and Prouosts of the Court executing their offices were hindered by the Cardinall who was Archbishop of Toledo Contention betwixt the Archâ—â—shop of Toledo and the Queene who made greeuous complaints to the Queene how her Officers did vsurpe vpon his authority the Queene told him that shee being Soueraigne in Castile and in all other her realmes might execute iustice in any place The matter being debated on both sides it was referred to the compromise and iudgment of fiue persons of the counsell whom the Queene would name and to fiue Channons of the Chapter of Toledo for the Cardinall but the other affaires of Court the short staye thereof at Alcala with other hinderances did end this strife the which remained vndecided Then were the Iudges of the Court discharged of part of the Processes which did abound in all places where the King and Queene went the which were turned ouer to the Chancery at Valiodolit where Don Alphonso de Fonseca Archbishop of Saint Iames was made President with eight Doctors for his Councell During all these warres and businesse Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman of whom wee haue often spoken heretofore had remained in Portugall greatly honoured by King Iohn Hee vnderstanding of the Admirall of Castils death his ancient enemy procured his friends to obtaine his pardon of King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell but beeing aduertised that the matter was now harder to bee effected then before by reason that Don Frederick sonne to the deceased Admirall who had begunne the quarrell was made Admirall in his Fathers place and highly fauoured hee desperately resolued to kill him and to effect his purpose hee departed with leaue from the Court of Portugall and came to Braganca Don Frederick Henriques beeing aduertised by his friends what his enemy did intend hee thought like a wise man that it was not good to hold him still in dispaire and therefore hee sent to Mary Osorio Don Ramir Nugnes mother to let her vnderstand that if shee would come to Valiodolit to sue for her sonnes restitution hee would assist her therein prouided that shee would take order that Don Ramir should returne back from Bragança to the Court of Portugall This Lady beeing desirous to haue her sonne restored to his lands and goods did not loose so fit and vnlookt for an occasion but came to the Admirall with whom after long conference she went to the court being at Alcala de Henares where she obtained but not without difficulty the goods of Don Ramir as depositarie and that hee might returne into Spaine vnder the keeping of the Earle of Feria Don Ramir hauing notice heereof Sentenâ—â— of the quaâ—rell betwixt Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman and Frederick Henriques tooke his leaue of the King of Portugall and came to the Earle of Ferias house where hee remained three yeares vntill his businesse were brought to this conclusion that hee might enioy his goods and marry with his promised wife the daughter to the Earle of Luna but that hee might not goe to his owne lands vntill the King and Queene gaue him leaue Afterward hee was permitted to come into his owne houses vpon condition that during his life he should not come ouer the riuer of Duero such was the end of the quarrell caused by the Ladies of the Court betwixt Don Ramir Nugnes de Guzman and Don Frederick Henriques Before the Court departed from Alcala de Henares Don Inigo Lopes de Mendoza Earle of Tendilla and Doctor Iohn de Medina both of them of the Kings Councell were sent Ambassadors into Italy about the warre which was betwixt Ferdinand King of Naples and Pope
the Capitanato the which each of them pretended for his owne and maintained it for his part because that otherwise they should be depriued of a taxe raysed vppon cattell in that countrey the which in lesse then a moneths space affoorded more then fourescore thousand Duckets and the French men did particularly challenge it because this Capitanato did abound in corne wherewith the countrey of Abruzzo and Terra di Lauor was furnished thinking it to bee a very great losse if they should leaue it to the Spaniards Howsoeuer it was their claime was ambiguous each others limits beeing not plainely specified in the diuision so as they fell to armes more fiercely then before wherein for that time the French-men preuayled and made themselues masters not onely of the ground that was in strife but likewise of many places of Calabria and Puglia for which there had beene no contention at all In the meane space the Arch-duke Philip and Donna Ioane his wife arriued at Guipuscoa where Don Bernard de Rojas and Sandouall Arriuall of the Arch-duke D. Ioane his wife in Castile who was afterward Marquis of Denia with great numbers of Lords and Knights of name waited for them at Fontarabie by whome they were conducted and these Princes passing by Saint Adrians mount did christen Philip de Lascan sonne and heire to the house of Lascan From thence by Alaua Bureua Burgos Vailliodolit Medina del campo Segobia and Madrid in all which places they had sumptuous and magnificent entertainement they came at last to the cittie of Toledo where the three Estates of the Realmes of Castile and Leon were assembled King Fernand and Queene Izabella departing from Seuile Ceremonies at the swearing to the Princes Philip Ioane came likewise to Toledo where after they had beene feasted and entertayned with disports for the space of fifteen dayes Philip of Austria and Donna Ioane were sworne and acknowledged Princes of the Asturia's and eldest heires to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon in the right of Donna Ioane This was done in the presence of King Fernand and Queene Izabella the Primate Friar Francis Ximenes Arch-bishoppe of the same cittie Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Arch-bishoppe of Seuile Cardinall of Saint Sabine and Patriarke of Alexandria the Bishops of Calaorra Palence Osma Cordoua Salamanca Iaen Cité Rodrigo Malaga Mondognedo and other Prelates of Bernardin de Velasco Constable of Castile the Dukes of Infantasgo Alua Bejar Albuquerque and the Marquis of Villena the Earles of Oropesa Miranda and Benalcaçar Crugna Siruella Ribadeo Fuençalida Ajamonte and others with the Procurators and Commissioners of all the citties and prouinces of Spaine which haue place in such assemblies This oath beeing made for Castile King Fernand was desirous to haue the like done for the Kingdome of Arragon and dependancies thereof and so he iourneyed towards Sarragossa leauing the Queene with the Princes at Toledo who went to passe away the hotte time of Iuly and August at Ocagna recreating themselues in the pleasant forrest of Aranjues neere to the riuer Tayo and from thence they departed to Sarragossa where by the Estates they were likewise declared and sworne Princes of Girone heires to Arragon Valence Cattalognia Sicill and other Countries belonging to that Crowne The Queene in the meane time staying at Toledo remooued to Madrid where she beganne to be euill disposed of her person which caused king Fernand to hasten his returne to her the Princes desiring to follow him did separat themselues because the Princesse was with child wherefore shee remayned at Sarragossa and the Prince went to Madrid These matters fell out the yere 1502. wherein dyed the Cardinall Diego Hurtado of Mendoza in the same cittie of Madrid Don Iohn of Estuniga who had beene Master of Alcantara and afterward was Cardinall succeeded him in the Arch-bishoppricke of Siuill The Marquis of Denja dyed likewise The precedent yeare about the time that the Princesse Catherine departed into England Don Iohn d' Arias del Villar dyed who was President of Vailliodolit and Bishop of Segobia in whose place succeeded Doctor Iohn de Medina Bishop of Carthagena There dyed also D. Lewis de la Cerde first Duke of Medina Celi sonne to Earle Gaston The Prince of Wales husband to the Infanta Catherine died likewise this yeare and the Cittie of Gibraltar was re-united to the Crowne and another persecution was raised against the Moores Before the Kings of Castile departed from Siuill to come to Toledo they had sent an Ambassadour to the Souldan of Egipt The king of Castile sends an Ambassade to the grand Cairo who was as Emperour of Arabia acknowledged then for Soueraigne ouer all the Kings of Affricke who had beene informed by the Kings of Tremessen Fez Bugie Tunis and others of diuers rigors and inhumanities exercised vppon the Moores and Iewes dwelling in Spaine which that Prince did greatly recent Peter Martyr of Angleria Ambassador The Ambassadour sent thither was called Peter Martyr Angleria of Milan Deane of Granado a learned and well-experienced person vnto whome were letters of credite and instructions giuen how to appease the Souldan and to perswade him otherwise then he had beene before informed Wherefore he went by Venice where the Seigneurie prouided him of a shippe to carrie him to Alexandria there he found diuers Christian Merchants with a Consul who was a Cattelan by nation by whom hee was well entertayned The Warden of the Monasterie of mount Sion beeing aduertized some few dayes before of his comming sent him word that he would meete him at Cairo therefore Peter Martyr sent certaine Friars before to Cairo whom he had brought with him for to receiue that Friar Warden and to obtaine a safe-conduct for his owne person and trayne from the Souldan to the end to declare his Ambasie vnto him The father Warden and his Friars beeing arriued at Cayro found a Truch-man or Interpreter there who was a Spaniard borne at Momblanc in the Realme of Valencia vnto whom hauing giuen notice of the Ambassadors arriuall at Alexandria and demaunded the safe-conduct the Souldan granted it and sent word to the Gouernor of Alexandria whom the cal Admirall to cause him to be conducted in safetie But the Monkes hauing vnderstood by their conferences with the Truchman how sinisterly the Souldan was possessed against the Kings of Castil by the reports of the Moores of Granado and the Iewes which were expulsed out of Spaine they did aduertize him to be well aduised what he did and to foresee the danger he had put himselfe in by comming to the presence of that angry Prince whose answer perhaps might be death but the Ambassador was no whit amazed thereat but sayd that it would be a great happinesse for him to die in so honourable a cause so he tooke his iourney going against the stream of the riuer Nilus accompanied by diuers Mameluke souldiers Mamelues in Egypt which were Christians renied or children of bought Christians in
aboue foure thousand and about fiue thousand prisoners or eight thousand as Ierosme Iulien the cardinalls Secretary writes and of the Christians only thirtie The spoile of that citie was esteemed to be worth aboue 500000 crownes the which is credible for they hold that there were fifteene hundred store-houses or marchants shoppes To conclude all men made themselues rich there yea the verie horse boyes The cardinall being in the fort of Mersalcabir hauing had intelligence of the winning of the citie of Oran caused himselfe to be conducted thither in the gallies where hee entred with great acclamations causing a crosse to be carried before him there hee receiued the keyes of the Alcazaua that is to say of the chiefe fort from whence there were drawne aboue 300 poore Christian prisoners and set at libertie The spoyle being all gathered together and kept to be presented vnto him that he might dispose thereof as generall of the army Distribution of the spoyle at Oran hee retained nothing for himselfe but onely caused certaine things to be layd a part for the king he did seperate also a part for the commoditie and vse of the army in generall leauing the rest to the captaines and souldiers many of the which who had shewed themselues most valiant he honoured with presents It was no small difficultie to cleanse the towne of dead bodies which did already stinke and were likely to corrupt the ayre for the number beeing great after that they had buried many in great and deepe pittes and burnt many yet did they many dayes after finde some in the streetes and houses besides there were few men that would busie themselues to bury the dead for there was not so great gaine as in killing them that were liuing They found aboue threescore peeces of ordonance and an infinite number of other engins for defence so as it is admirable that a towne so well peopled and so well fortified made no defence being assured of succours from the Alarabes vagabonds and mercenaries of Afrike whereof they had means to entertaine good numbers True it it is that some say this city was taken by practise and treason plotted by the Cardinall and by the ministerie of Martin Argoto of Cordoua and Alphonso of Martos prisoners in Oran Oran taken by practise as some hold since the defeat of D. Diego Fernandes gouernor of Mersalcabir and that these two did corrupt Hamet Acanix or Aben Canex and Isael Otaybi receiuers of the reuenue which the king of Tremessen had there and a Iew dwelling at Oran called Cetora who were the cause that the ports were shut against the Alarabes which were repulsed from the passage of the mountaine of the watch and gaue entrie to the Spaniards the cardinall hauing had aduice by these traitors that he must assaile the towne the day after his ariuall for if he delayed it he should be deceiued of his expectation for that the king of Tremessen had a mighty army which marcht to succour the city And they say that he that was captaine of the Alcazaua or fort of Oran called Cedrin was kinseman to Acanix and a partisan of his treason the which is probable for in trueth the Spaniards did first enter into Oran by the fort The cardinall hauing cleansed the Mesquites the chiefe of them was dedicated to the Annunciation and an other to Saint Iaques hee made an hospitall called Saint Bernard and two Couents one of Franciscan Friars and the other of Iacobins and hauing ordered all things concerning religion the best he could he left the care of state and warre to Pedro Nauarro and so returned into Spaine for there was no good agreement among them The cardinall spent a whole yeere in these matters for he arriued in Spaine the same day that he parted He did erect a dignitie with the title of an Abbot in regard of this victorie to the which hee assigned a seate in his church of Toledo 18 This yeere one thousand fiue hundred and nine D. Catherine Infanta of Castille widow to Arthur prince of Wales was married to Henrie king of England the eight of that name brother to her deceased husband who was that yeere come to the crowne by the decease of their father Henrie the seuenth and was crowned on Saint Iohn Baptists day which by reason thereof was solemnized with extraordinarie pompe in Castille by king Ferdinand who to perform the articles of the league made at Cambray sent at the same time a sea-army to the realme of Naples wherefore the Viceroy of Naples beganne to shew himselfe vpon the coast of Apulia in shew of an enemy Army of Spaine sent to annoy the Venetians to force the Venetians to yeeld vnto the king his master the townes of Manfredonia Trani Monopoli Brindez and Otranto which had beene ingaged vnto them during the precedent warres with France The Pope the Emperour and the French King did likewise inuade them the euent whereof I will forbeare to relate it belonging not to this Historie of Spaine During the warre against the Venetians there was a controuersie reconciled betwixt the emperour Maximilian and king Ferdinand touching the gouernement of Castille after the death of king Philip. The emperour thought that being grandfather by the fathers side vnto prince Charles the heire of that realme and of his brother and sisters D. Ferdinand D. Leonora D. Maria D. Isabella and D. Catherina issued of his sonne and D. Ioane and therefore pretending right in Castille it was more fit that hee should haue the gouernment than the king D. Ferdinand their grandfather by the mothers side but king Ferdinands title seemed to be the better Controuersie betwixt the emperour Maximilian king Ferdinand reconciled for that D. Ioane his daughter the proprietarie Queene of Castille was yet liuing and that it was an vnwoorthy thing that the gouernement of a realme which had beene honored and inlarged by him with such great conquests should be taken from him to giue it vnto strangers This controuersie was ended by the mediation of the French king vpon these conditions That the king D. Ferdinand should gouerne the realme of Castille Leon c. in case hee had no sonne by queene Germaine vntill that prince Charles should come to the age of fiue and twentie yeares at which time hee should resigne the gouernement vnto the prince with this charge that during the life of queene Ioane his mother hee should not intitle himselfe king of Castille That during this time king Ferdinand should pay vnto the emperor fifty thousand ducats yearely and to prince Charles other great summes of money and that persisting in the accords of the league made at Cambray hee should contribute to the warre of Lombardie against the Venetians After this accord the Emperour and the French King vnderstood to their great griefe what the Pope and King Ferdinand had done with the Venetians 19 The pope doubting that the French king who was mighty in Italie Practises of
the fift of Iulie the citie was burnt the Ladies Nunnes and other women and children being safely sent to Saint Marieport with their apparell and iewels euerie man being forbidden to search them vpon paine of death I haue thought good to annexe vnto the end of this relation for a remembrance to posteâ—â—tie the names of such as receiued the Order of Knighthood from the Generals as a testimonie of their well deseruing in this worthie action Sir Samuel â—â—gnol Sir Arthure â—â—uage The Earle of Sussex The Lord Burke Cont Lodowike Sir Williâ—â— Howard Sir George Deâ—ereux Sir Henrie Neuel Sir Edwin Rich. Sir Richard Leuen Sir Peter Egomort Sir Anthonie Ashley Sir Henrie Leonard Sir Richard Leuison Sir Horatia Vere Sir Arthâ—re 〈◊〉 Sir Miles Corâ—et Sir Edward Conway Sir Oliuer Lâ—mbert Sir Anthonie Cooke Sir Iohn Townsend Sir Christopher Heydon Names of such as were knighted at Cadiz Sir Francis Popham Sir Philip Woodâ—oâ—se Sir Alexander Clifford Sir Mâ—â—rice Barkley Sir Charles Blunt Sir George Gifford Sir Robert Crosse. Sir Iames Eseâ—damâ—â—e Sir 〈◊〉 Leigh Sir Iohn Leigh alias Lee. Sir Richard Weston Sir Richard Waiâ—man Sir Iames Wotton Sir Richard Ruddal Sir Robert Mansel Sir William Mouâ—son Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir Edward Bowes Sir 〈◊〉 Druel Sir 〈◊〉 Preston Sir Robert Remington Sir Iohn Bâ—cke Sir Iohn Morgan Sir Iohn Aâ—ridge Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir Mathew Browne Sir Iohn Acton Sir Thomas Gates Sir Giâ—â—â—e Mâ—rricke Sir Thomas Smith Sir William Pooley Sir Thomas Palmer Sir Iohn Stafford Sir Robert Louel Sir Iohn Gilbert Sir William Harâ—ey Sir Iohn Gray D. Christopher prince of Portugal Sir Iohn Vanderfoâ—â—d Admiral of the Hollanders Sir Robert Dudley 8 August Thus this triumphant English armie left Cadiz hauing receiued from the duke of Medina Sidonia nine and thirtie English prisoners which had beene slaues in the Spaniards hands Which done they past along the coast of Portugall they tooke spoyled and burnt Farol Farol burnt by the English they marcht into the countrey thereabouts after which exploit they shaped their course for England Hauing done this great affront to the king of Spaine they left him full of rage and desire of reuenge Fleet of Spaniards prepared against England whereupon presently after the retreat of the English he gaue commandement to the Adelantado of Castille to prepare a mightie fleet wherein he imployed great care and diligence so as it was readie the same yeare But this fleet had a farre different successe to that of England It consisted of fourescore ships which went out of Lisbone the eight of October 1596. They coasted along Gallicia to goe and joyne with the Generall of Biscaie where they had leuied some troupes of souldiers the Adelanâ—â—do comming to double cap S. Vincent in the night it seemes he mistooke his reckoning and â—ell short of the cap where they were taken with a cruell storme in the which fiue and fortie of their ships were cast away Spanish fleet cast away on Symon and Iâ—des day and the rest were so shaken with the storme as they had great difficultie to saue them so as their enterprise proued vaine that yeare This yere also they treated in Spaine of the canonizing of blessed S. Raymond Canonization of S. Râ—ymond desired by the Spaniards the which was afterwards effected at Rome They renewed their suit vnto the Pope which had bin made many yeares before to diuers of his predecessors After that instance had bin made vnto his Holinesse by the townes of the realme of Arragon who had sent Paul Costabile Generall of the preaching Friers of which Order S. Raymond had beene also Generall the Pope hauing pronounced thâ—t they should passe on to perfect this businesse the Archbishop of Taracona came to Barcellona with two bishops and the Proctor generall of S. Dominicke to reuiew Saint Raymonds â—odie the which was done with great ceremonie and authenticall writings sent to Rome to prosecute the rest About the same time Luca Calnacanti Chamberlaine to the Pope arriued being sent with two cardinals hats by him to Francis d' Auila Archdeacon of Toledo and to Ferdinand Nugnes de Gueuara President of the royall Councell who had beene newly created cardinals being exhorted by his Holinesse to passe with all speed to Rome as they did that Winter so as in the beginning of the next yeare they come into Italie hauing a good opportunitie to passe in those gallies which were come from Genoua whithâ—r the duke of Maqueda should also haue gone being appointed by the King to be Viceroy of Sicile but he was stayed many monethes by some sinister accidents And there arriued also Alphonso Gariglia who required a great aid of money for the prince of Transyluania to maintaine the warre against the Turke who found the king 〈◊〉 well 〈◊〉 not with standing that hee was inforced to maintaine warre in diuers places to his exceeding great toyle and charge Yet he satisfied that princes desire with abountifull hand and giue free libertie to the Popes Agents to buy a quantitie of come in his realmes to 〈◊〉 the state of the Church And then about the end of September the Indian fleet arriued safely at Seuille being verie rich the which did much comfort the Spaniards after the great losses they had sustained by the English armie 1597 There was nothing did more afflict the minds of the Spaniards Spaniards incensed against the English than their hatred and disdaine of the English being not able to endure not onely to be troubled in their traffique to the Indies and their rich fleets to be layâ—d for piercing euen into the heart of America but also to inuade the continent of Spaine with a royall armie and to land there by by force incountring spoyling and burning their ships euen in their ports Preparation in Spaine for a new armie Being therefore tormented with a desire of reuenge and grieued that the last yeares fleet being ruined by tempest could not effect what they had designed there was a new order giuen that many galleons should bee armed and new troupes of souldiers should bee leuied not onely in Spaine but also in Italie The king therefore touching matters of warre gaue an extraordinarie authoritie to the Cont Fuentes who was newly returned from the gouernement of Flanders They caused all ships of foreine countries to be stayed within their ports with an intent to make vse of them in this armie but the king falling verie sicke this preparation was somewhat stayed they being doubtfull of his life both in respect of his great age and the violence of his infirmitie And so the souldiers which were leuied for this seruice were sent to lodge some in Gallicia and some in Biscaie to bee fitly imbarked when time should serue The important cause concerning Marchants and Bankers Controuersie in Spaine touching the Bankers was now in question in Spaine they hauing for many yeares furnished the king with money for his warres in Flanders and other places
spoile the realme of Nauarre 929 Caia a small streame diuiding Castile from Portugal 938 Cadiz vnited to the crown of Castile 947 Capitulation betwixt king Fernand and Mahomet the Little 940 Causes of the D. of Alua's discontent 950 Causes of hatred betwixt the Spaniards and Flemmings 1126 Causes of the rebellion of the Mores of Granado 1138. Carc mos speech to D. Antonio 1216 Celts passe into Spaine 10 Celtiberians take armes for the Romanes 40 Ceremonies of the Barbarians when they are sutors 95 Celtiberians defeated by Fuluius Flaccus 109 Caesar disarmes Afranius and Petreus 114 Cession of the rights of Roussillon to the house of Aniou 509 Ceremonie at the K. of Nauars coronation 625 Ceremony in taking possession of Nauarre 693 Ceremony of the Order of the golden fleece 696 Ceremonies vsed at the taking of any towns from the Moores 904 Caesar Borgia Cardinall Bishop of Pampelona 953 he is made Duke of Valentâ—nois 963 Ceremonies at the swearing of the Archduke Philip and D. Ioane Kings of Castile 967 Christian religion among the Gothes 129 Christians persecuted in Affricke 166 Christians follow the Moores in their armes for spoile 168 Charlemagne made heire of Ouiedo and afterward reiected 181 Change of the Estate of Castile 195 Christians defeated by the Moores and the heire of Castile slaine 266 Change of Religion among the Arabians in Spain 301. Christians persecuted by the Mores in Spaine ibi Chiefe conuents of the Knights of S. Iames 318 Christians in pay with the Mores against the king of Castile 361 Children of King Thibaud the second 391 Charles of Aniou made k. of Naples Sicily 412 Charles Prince of Salerne defeated and taken by the Arragonois 421 Charles of Valois tefuseth to quit his right to Cattelonia 432 Christians defeated by the Moores 556 Charles king of Nauar a leper 606 Christians defeated by the Moores neere to Montexicar 674 Change of Bishops in Spaine 723 Choler of the king of Castile 732 Christians being victors are vanquished 736 Charles Prince of Viana cals himselfe King of Nauarâ—e 754 he is imprisoned by his father 793 hee is deliuered out of prison and poysoned by his step-mother 764 Charitie of K. Fernand and Queene Izabella 881 Christians defeated by the Moores 914 Chancerie transported from cite Real to Granado 877. Charge of Bishops in Castile 883 Chancelor of Arragon accused to haue sought to dishonor Queene Germaine 920 Cheures Gouernor to Charles Prince of Spain 925 Charles king of Spaine chosen Emperour of Germany called the fift 960 his departure out of Castile forced ib. his entry into Pampelona 973 his coronation at Bolonia 979. his going with an army to Tunis 987. his comming into Sicily 993. he goes with an army into Prouence 994. his voyage to Alger 1002. his constancie and pietie 1005. he sollicits K. Fernand his son 1034 he resigns the gouernment to his son Phil. 1041 he resignes the Empire to his brother 1076 hee passeth into Spaine to a solitarie life 1077. his death 1081 Christian slaues seaze vpon the castle of Tunes 990 Christians land with an army at Gerbe 1086 D. Charles Prince of Spaine grieuously sicke 1094 he is vnpleasing to his father 1126. he was vnable for women 1133 Charles Archduke of Austria sent into Spain 1137 Circuit of all Spaine 14 Ciuill warre in Arabia 165 Cid Ruis Dias returnes into Castile 250 Ciuill warres in Castile 351 Ciuill warres corrupt the best men 736 Clause in D. Alphonso's will prodigious 281 Clement of Launoy Viceroy in Naples 429 Clergy of Toledo deliuer the city to K. Henry 803 Clergie of Spaine fâ—eed from paying the tenth peny for their benefices 946 Clergie of Spaine helpe the king with mony 1111 Conâ—ectures that the Celtes were mingled with the Iberians 4 Course of the riuer of Ebro 15 Course of the riuers of Tagus and Guadiana 16 Contempt of militarie discipline followes a victorie 42 Councell of Carthage neglect Spaine thinking to get Italy ibid. Courage of Lucius Martius keepes the Romaines from despaire 48 Confidence of P. Cornelius Scipio sonne to Publius Scipio slaine in Spaine 51 Conâ—bates vpon furious ambition 67 Concord the ground of liberty 75 Contrebia taken by the Romaines 90 Colonie of Libertines 94 Conspiracie of Spaniards at Numantia 95 Corduba built by Marcellus 96 Combate betwixt Aemilianus a Spaniard 96 Couetousnes drew Lucullus into Spaine 97 L. Comodus Verus a persecuter of the church 121 Councel of Illiberis 121 Councels of Sardica and Syrmium 125 Constantine a tyrant 131 Councell at Toledo 136 Councell at Taracona Saragoffa and other places 137. Conspiracie of the son and mother-in-law against the father 141 Councell of Toledo 143 Councell of Seuile 144 Continuance of the Goths kingdom in Spaine 154 Councell of the Mahometists at Damas 164 Conquests of Alphonso the first and 3. King of Ouiedo 173 Confusion and ciuill warre among the Mores 223 Councels called in Nauarre 228 Combat of one Knight against another 246 Conquests of the King of Arragon vppon the Moores 249 Controuersies for ecclesiasticall matters decided by armes 255 Cowardize of the sonnes in law of Cid Ruis Diaz 263. Couetousnes of the Geneuois infamous 266 Conuersion of Moise a Iew 268 Confirmation of a peace betwixt Nauarre and Castile 293 Cordoua yeelded to the king of Castile ibid. Confirmation of the Order of Calatraua 311 Conuent for the Knights of S. Iames built 318 Colledges commanderies and Hospitals belonging to the Knights of S. Iames 319 Councell of S. Iohn de Latran vnder Innocont the third 348 Conuents of the Order of S. Dominicke built by the King of Castile 355 Contentions in Arragon 356 Confines of Murcia and Valencia 380 Cordoua surprized by the Christians 370 Contumacie of D. Alphonso king of Portugal 390 Councell at Lyons vnder Pope Gregory the tenth 399 Complaints and requests of King Alphonso to the Pope but in vaine 409 Courade poysoned by Manfroy 412 Conference of Deputies for the Kings of France Castile 429 Conditions of peace betwixt the King of Arragon and Charles of Naples a prisoner 432 Compromise betwixt the Christian Princes of Spaine 447 Coronation of Philip of Eureux king of Nauarre 478. Conditions betwixt the king of Castile and the Prince of Wales 569 Conditions of peace propounded by the King of Portugall to Castile 638 Conditions propounded by the duke of Beneuent 646. Councell of a Iew against Iewes 658 Councell of Constance 677 Combats not to be allowed among Christians 979 Conquest of the Canaries 680 Controuersie betwixt England and Castile for precedence 707 Conditions of peace betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon 712 Constable of Castile sent from the court for sixe yeares 721 Councell to arme a multitude dangerous 325 Confederates beseeged in Olmedo 729 Condemnation of the confederates 731 Constable restored to fauour and made Master of S. Iames 731 hee is charged and in danger to be slaine 741 his possessions 745. Complaints of the Arragonois oppressed 581 Complot betwixt king Iohn and Gaston
the Church of Rome 672 Pope and Councel condemne one an other 679 Possessions of D. Iohn Infant of Arragon 682 Portugals forced to accept of dishonorable conditions 713 Policy of the Bishop of Segobia 724 Pope sends a Legate into Castile to treat a peace 799 Portugals enter into Castile with an army 850 they are defeated 857 Power of the Inquisitors in Spaine 885 Portugal army defeated at Albuhera 874 Pope giues the West Indies to the kings of Castile 948 Prouost of the Court troubled in his charge and the fact punished 888 Pope in despaire 903 Policy of Cardinal Ximenes to keepe the noblemen in awe 947 Pope Paul the 4. willing to treat of a peace 1074 Pompe at an execution done by the Inquisitors 1122 Porto Carrero an indiscreet Gouernor of Gouleta 1174 Portugal wholy reduced vnder king Philip. 1215 Pope Gregory allowes of the conquest of Portugal 1217 Prouinces out of Spaine vnder the iurisdiction thereof 14 Preparation for yron 29 Prisoners taken in new Carthage 54 Practise of the Gaditains discouered supprest 72 Pretors refuse their charge in Spaine 93 Preparations in Spaine to resist Caesar. 113 Prescillian the heretike beheaded at Treues 126 Primacy of the Pope 148 Priests forbidden to marry 174 Princes too superstitious 177 Practise of D. Garcia king of Nauarre against his brother D. Fernand 235 Princes of Spaine betray their fellow Christians 249. Priuiledges granted to Toledo 256 Prelates of the French nation aduanced to Churches in Spaine 261 Prouence giuen to the Earle of Barcelona 267 Practises of the Countesse of Portugall against her sonne 292 Primacie of Toledo confirmed 305 Prouence returnes to the Crowne of Arragon 317. Processe for the Primacie of Spaine 348 Practises of the Castillans and Arragonois against Nauarre 418 Priests allowed to keepe Concubins 450 Pretension of Soueraignty ouer Nauar made by the King of Castile 452 Princes absence cause of libertie and disorder 467 Pruna taken by the Christians 483 Preparation of the Moores against Spaine 550 Predictions of a Monke to the King of Castile 552. 552 Princes in continuall iealousie 564 Prince of Wales writes to Don Henry of Castile 570. Pretensions of Iohn Duke of Lancaster to Castile 585. his preparation against the King of Castile 587 Profites of the Court of Rome stayd in Spain 592 Prodigie at Ebora 603 Pretension of Lewis duke of Aniou 619 Pretensions of the King of Arragon to the realme of Sicily ib. Proceedings of the Earle of Giion 653 Princes pretending to the Realme of Arragon 675 Priuiledges of the Earles of Ribadeo 718 Prince Henry of Castile made run away 7â—4 Practises of Don Aluaro de Luna Constable of Castile ibid. Presage of the Constables end 743 Practise against the Master of S. Iames 803 Proceeding against the Arch-bishop of Toledo 825. Practises of Leonora Countesse of Foix 832 Practises of the Marquis of Villena in Portugall 848. Princesse carefull of iustice 919 Princes seruants follow for profit and not for affection 881 Pretensions of Christian Princes against the Venetians 889 Proceeding of the Inquisition vniust 940 Proceedings of Cardinall Ximenes allowed by the King 949 Practises of the Flemmish Courtiers to keepe the King from seeing the Cardinal 956 Proceeding of Pizarro at Peru 1007 Preiudice done to the French king at the Councel of Trent 1097 Princes of Austria go into Spaine 1112 Proceeding of the Inquisition to torture 1122 Practises of the Court of Spaine 1135 Practises of a Gold-smith to end the warre with the Moores 1155 Priuiledges of the Inhabitants of Fez 1191 Pretendants to the Crowne of Portugall 1205 Punishment of mutines 71 Publike charge affected for priuate profite 93 Punishment of a cowardly Captaine 104 Punishment of a trecherous Gouernor 136 Punishment of Rebels 149 Punishment of a rash man 267 Poursuite for the abolishing of the Templers 453 D. Philip the King of Spain 〈◊〉 sonne sworne by the Estates of Portugall 1226 Q QValities of the mountaine Spaniards 28 Queene of Nauar accused of adulterie 227 her innocencie iustified ibid. Quarrels betwixt the Kings of Castile and Nauar 235. Qualities of D. Vraca Queene of Castile 271 Queene D. Vraca vnchast put away by her husband 274 Queene of Portugall expelled for her Insolencies 377. Queene Violant of Castile vnchast 414 Quarrels in Court where D. Lope Dias of Haro is slaine 433 Qualities of D. Pedro king of Arragon 513 Quarrels touching the successor to Castile 532 Queene mother of Castile vnchast and slaine by her fathers commandement 538 Queene of Nauarre refuseth to returne to her husband 631. she is intangled in the troubles of Castile 633. she is sent to her husband against her will 649 Qualities and disposition of D. Henry the fourth king of Castile 749 Queen of Castile gotte with child by D. Bertrand de la Cueua 766 Quarrels betwixt the Earles of Beneuent and Lemos 822 Quarrels betwixt the Earles of Haro and Treuigno 827 Quarrels betwixt the houses of Mendoza and Pimentel 839 Qualities of the Princes Fernand Izabella 845 Quarrell betwixt D. Frederick Henriques and D. Ramir Nugnes de Guzman 886 Qualities of king Muley Alboâ—cen 894 Qualities of Christopher Columbus 918 Qualities of Manuel king of Portugal 957 Quarrell betwixt Pedro Giron and the Duke of Medina Sidonia 925 Qualities of Colonell Vilalua 933 S. Quintins taken by the Spaniards 1080 Queene Elizabeth conducted into Spaine 1085 Question of precedence vndecided at Rome 1010 Quarrell betwixt the Duke of Alba and English 1137. Queene of England refuseth to heare the duke of Alba's Ambassador ibid. R RAdages slaine and his army of Gothes ruined 130. Rabatins Christians in Affricke 166 Don Ramir put out his brothers and his mothers eyes 200 Race of Cid Ruis Dias 238 Raymond Berenger Earle of Prouence father to 4. Queenes 356 Rashnes of the Earle of Lerin 883 Religion a cloake for Tyrants 7 Religion is naturally reuerenced whatsoeuer it be 12 Religion of the ancient Spaniards infamous 28 Religion receiued with great affection by the Spaniards 30 Resolution of the two Scipio's 41 Reward of vertue must not be sought by vitious meanes 55 Remembrance of great crimes makes men desperate 66 Resolution of the Astapians Barbarous 67 Retreate of two Romaines from Palentia 105 Resolution of Rhetogines the Numantine 107 Resignation of Bishoprickes reproued 136 Reward of a Iustfull tyrant 140 Repentance of Leâ—uigilde 143 Religion the least care of Conquerors 168 Reuenge vppon the Toledans for their rebellion 180. Rebell punished 183 Rebellion of the Gouernor of Biscay 189 Rebellion in the realme of Leon 205 Rebellion of the sonne against the father 218 Rewards and punishments maintaine Estates 223 Religious deedes of Don Sancho the great 228 Reuenge vnworthie of a royall mind 233 Rebellions at Toledo draw the king of Castile to beseege it 250 Reparation of crimes by combate 263 Reconciliation of the Kings of Castile and Leon 347. Realme of Nauarre affected by the Kings of Castile and Arragon 402 Rebellion in Castile 359 Reuenge of
sent their Deputies to informe the king what wrong he should do himselfe if hee should alienate such a place from the Crown the which besides the great commerce by reason of the forges of Iron and steele which were continually set a worke thereabouts was a fort of great consequence vppon the which there might be many desseines made for the castell which was then entire was impregnable beseeching him to be an eye witnesse and to passe by the place remembring that the Inhabitants of Mondragon had beene alwaies faithfull vnto him and that during the warres betwixt him and the King Don Pedro they had alwayes followed his partie The king promised to passe by their towne wherefore the Inhabitants thereof and of the countrie thereabouts beganne to make the lower way which goes from that towne to Ognate whereas before they wer forced to passe the mountaine called Bacue to the end the King should not be tyred with passing ouer it This passage is at this day called Euripide a corrupted word in sted of Erreguevide the which in that countrie language signifies a way for the king The King Don Henry hauing viewed the situation of the towne and fort with the commodities thereof and considered of the Inhabitants reasons he would not yeeld vnto the petition of Don Bertrand of Gueuara but he gaue him in recompence the valley of Leniz with all iurisdiction both ciuill and criminall This valley was wont to depend vppon Mondragon but then it was taken from it and the sayd Bertrand and his successors haue enioyed it for the space of an hundred fourescore and two yeares or there-abouts vnto the yeare 1556. when it was vnited vnto the Crowne by a decree of the Kings Councell of Castile The king parting from Mondragon returned to Burgos from whence he past to Leon and then to Seuile Whilest that the king of Arragon was attentiue to the warre against the English the Infant Don Iames of Majorca Arragon husband to the Queene of Naples entred into Cattelogne with fifteene hundred lances beeing assisted by the Kings of France and Castile and by the Duke of Aniou where he did much harme On the other side Bernard bastard of Foix first Duke of Medina Celi and Geoffrey Rechon a Knight of Brittanie Lord of Aguilar del campo allyed and friends to the Infant of Majorca spoyled the countrie of Arragon by Medina Celi the which did wonderfully trouble the King of Arragon and made him studie how hee might speedily end the controuersies which he had with the king Don Henry The Infant Don Iames of Majorca hauing spoyled Cattelogne past into Arragon to do the like but he was forced to retire for want of victuals leading his armie into Castile where he fell sicke and dyed in Almaçan in the beginning of the yeare 1375. His troupes returned into Gasconie with Iohn of Malestit their chiefe leader In this armie was Ieanne of Majorca Marquesse of Montferrat sister to the deceased Don Iames who past also into Gasconie Some were of opinion that this attempt of the Infant of Majorca was not without the intelligence of some great men of Arragon who had drawne him into the countrie whereof the king made diligent informations At that time there was so great a dearth in Arragon as they were forced to begge a passage for corne out of Affricke and Mauritania the which did warrant the country from this inuasion more then any resistance that the king D. Pedro could make This yeare 1374. the King of Castile redeemed from Bertrand of Guesclin Constable of France An. 1374. Castille the towne of Soria and the rights of Molina which he had giuen him paying him 240000. doublons and moreouer he gaue him the Earle of Pembrooke an English man who was a prisoner and set at 10000. pounds sterling for his ransome and the Lord of Piene for 3400. pounds with many other knights and Captains English or their partisans as well for this redemption as for the remainder which was due to him his troups And holding alwaies good correspondencie with the French K. during the war against the English he sent him a good armie by sea whereof D. Fernand Sanches of Touar was Admirall the which beeing ioyned vnto the French did much annoy the English coasts The practises of a peace betwixt Castile and Arragon being continued the ambassadors of both kings met at Almaçan whether came to Queene of Castile and her sonne D. Iohn There were for Castile the Bishops of Plaisance and Palence and D. Pedro Gonçales Of Mendoça Lord Steward to the Infant of Castile with his brother D. Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Standard bearer also to the Infant Pedro Fernandes of Velasco Chamberlaine to the king For the king of Arragon came the Archb. of Sarragossa and D. Raymond Alaman Ceruillon who treated of the differences betwixt the two kings with great eagernesse in the presence of the Queene of Castile The king D. Henry demanded that the Infanta D. Leonora daughter to D. Pedro king of Arragon should bee deliuered to the Infant D. Iohn his Son to whom she was made sure The king of Arragon answered that the king of Castile must performe that which he had promised and sworne when he came first out of France into Castile by Arragon which was to giue him the lands often before mentioned whereunto he of Castile replyed that he was no more bound for that the king of Arragon had beene since in League with the Prince of Wales his enemie and had had many treaties with other Princes to his preiudice Moreouer that returning the second time out of France he had not giuen him free passage through Arragon Besides these maine articles there were others of lesse consequence all which were reconciled by these Deputies The accord was made the twelfth of Aprill 1374. Accord betwixt D. Henry King of Castile and D. Pedro king of Arragon in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Almaçan as followeth That the Infanta Donna Leonora of Arragon should bee giuen to the Infant Don Iohn of Castile as his lawfull wife with a dowrie of two hundred thousand Florens of the coyne of Arragon which summe the king Don Henry should hold for receiued for the charges which the king of Arragon might haue beene at in the first passage which hee made through Arragon into Castile The King of Arragon should restore Molina Almaçan and other places which he had gotten during the troubles of Spaine and to auoyde all future controuersies betwixt the parties Don Henry king of Castile should pay vnto him of Arragon an hundred and eighty thousand Florens at dayes appointed For assurance whereof the forts of Requegna Otiel and Moya should be left in deposit◠in the hands of the Arch-bishop of Sarragossa and of Don Raymond Alaman of Ceruillon These things thus concluded the King D. Henry came to Soria with the Queene his wife and children whither the Infanta D. Leonora of Arragon was sent thither
King of the Romains Castile who in the city of Valiodolit propounded to King Fernand and Queene Isabella the desire which that Prince had to ally himselfe more streightly with them by marriages demaunding the Infanta Isabella for himselfe and the Infanta Ioane their daughters for his sonne Philip setting downe diuers commodities which such a coniunction might bring with it namely in making warre vpon the French These Ambassadors beeing come by sea their charges borne thorow the Kings countries and highly honoured they did returne with an answere conteyning very gracious and pertinent excuses to wit that the Infanta Donna Isabella was promised to Prince Alphonso of Portugall but as for the Infanta D. Ioane who was a young child considering that the long attendance for such a marriage might weary the Archduke Philip they could say nothing but that as soone as she should be of age if the occasion should serue they would esteeme the alliance and friendship of so great Princes as most honourable and highly to bee desired and that they beeing at that instant greatly busied in the warres of Granado Plaisance taken from D. Aluaro da Estuniga could hardly thinke as yet vpon the French warres Whilest the Court staied at Valiodolit Isabella caused the city of Playsance to bee surprized and taken from Aluaro d' Estuniga who bare the title of Duke thereof where shee established officers of the crowne and because the castle made some resistance shee caused it to be beseeged by those of Salamanca Ciudad-Roderigo and the men of Extremadura but the Duke knowing it to be to no purpose to make resistance did forth-with commaund to yeeld it vp so this city was reunited to the crowne this yeere 1488. The Dukes of Playsance did then and afterwards intitle themselues Dukes of Bejar Those of the family of Caruajall did chiefely assist the Queene in this enterprise The same yeere died Donna Beatrice Pimentell who was wife to Don Aluaro de Luna Constable of Castile and Maister of Saint Iames who was executed by order of law shee liued fiue and thirty yeeres in honest widdow-hood Iewes and conuerted Moores oppressed by standerons reports and lies buried in the Cathedrall Church of Toledo in the Chappell of Saint Iames neere to her husband The Kings passed this yeere in the aboue named businesses about prouision of necessary things for the future warre of Granado doing iustice and in persecuting the new conuerts returned to Iudaisme who were oftentimes ouerthrowne by false and slanderous accusations whereof inquiry was principally made at Toledo where diuers false witnesses were punished During this stay in old Castile farre from the Moores Moores they taking aduantage of the occasion did freely ouer-runne the country and surprized the city of Nixar carelesly kept by captaine Bernard Francisco where they slew three score gentlemen and preuailed against the Christians in diuers other encounters killing many in number of whom the Commaunder Ruy Diaz Maldonado sonne to Doctor Roderic Lord of Aquila Fuente was one who was a valiant knight they tooke and burnt the towne of Cuellar constrayning the Christians that kept it to saue themselues within the castle the which they defended by the space of fiue daies against the enraged assaults of the Moores by the discretion and valour of Iohn d' Aualos Lieutenant to captaine Charles de Viedma who was absent In the spring of the yeere 1489. King Fernand and Queene Isabella departed from Valiodolit Castille and came by Guadalupa not without great deuotion to Iaen with intent to goe and beseege Baça for this purpose they had leauied thirteene thousand horse and foure and twenty thousand foote who hauing mustered at Sottogordo the army beganne to march the Maister of Saint Iames conducted the vantgard and had for fore-runners according to the antient custome the captaine de los Donzelles with the Prouost Marshalls whose charge was to prouide the lodgings of the campe King Fernand knowing that the seege would bee long and difficult and that the Moores of Guadix and Almery which held King Boabdelins el Zagals part would desturbe them as much as in them lay did place guards and watches in fit places as well to withstand surprises as to secure the victuallers and other people which serued and followed the campe The first attempt which the army made was at Cujar a strong place and furnished with all manner of munition for the warres by reason whereof being summoned they answered with armes sallying forth to skirmish but it was to their losse for beeing put to flight they lost their suburbes which they had intrenched and fortified from whence they were afterward so pressed and vexed as abating their courage they would gladly haue yeelded vpon any reasonable conditions the which the King refused Despaire sâ—me times bringeth helpe being highly displeased that they had resisted his mighty army whereat they became so enraged and desperate as in the next skirmish they made such slaughter of the Christians as the King resolued to grant them whatsoeuer they demaunded so they yeelded vp the towne and retired themselues with all their baggage in safety to Baça soone after the fortresse of Bensalema yeelded it selfe with others The Earle of Tendilla receiued Canillas by composition beeing a league destant from Baça Seege of Basa The takeing of these forts prepared the accesse to Baça within which place King Zagall Boabdelin had put tenne thousand souldiars as well horse as foote with diuers expert captaines taking the greatest care he could for the well fortifing and keeping thereof being the place of most importance and the chiefe Bulwarke of the small state that was left him for that being lost hee was no more able almost to make any resistance The Christian army being re-enforced with new troupes diuided it selfe into two parts which lodged round about Baça a farre off which gaue libertie to the Moores to goe out and in at their pleasures without any difficulty or danger wherevpon the King taking counsell he caused the campe to remooue and to place the quarters neerer to the towne The Moores who thought it was not for their proffit comming forth to fight did maintaine it for the space of twelue houres with a wonderfull resolution and it may well bee termed a battaile for the whole forces almost of either side came to ioyne and a great number of valiant men were there slaine the conclusion was that the Moores were glad to retire and were in despight of them shut in and the Christian army lodged in their gardens Yet notwithstanding this seat of the campe being not thought to bee very commodious for diuers respects the King caused the lodgings to be remoued where they were at first and in this retreat the beseeged failed not to anoy their enemies by all meanes possible The difficulty being great to hinder the furious sallies of those barbarous people the opinions therevpon were sundry and vncertaine so as the King was at the
and this was done to quench the bloudy thirst of the prelats and monkes counsellors and solicitors of that ill vnderstood conuersion Yet for all that after the fury was past the King caused the children of either sex amongst those miserable people vnder eleuen yeeres of age to bee separated and baptized giuing them their liberty as innocent of their fathers obstinacy This rigour was so farre off from fearing or abating the courage of the rest as they thereby became more stubborne their being no spurre in the world more sharpe then religion to make men giue ouer and contemne life and all other things to be beloued in this world when they are constrained to take armes for that respect for diuers Moores dwelling vpon the coast of Ronda La Sierra Vermeille and Villa longa being brought to the last hope of beeing able to liue in the freedome of their consciences and to keepe their old religion did arme themselues to the number of twelue thousand persons which caused the Kings to thinke that they were entred againe into a very difficult warre and that the conquest of the kingdome of Granado was not yet ended And because it behoued them to giue a present remedy to this fire which kindled VVar renued by the persecuted Moores they dispatched away Don Alphonso d' Aguilar and the Earle of Vregna with as great forces as the present necessity could furnish but Don Alphonso who was old and a well experienced captaine protested that with so small a number he could doe the King no seruice but should receiue losse and dishonour for the Moores were foure to one of his people neuerthelesse being vrged to it he marched against the enemies who keeping themselues closse togither and in strong places would not giue the least aduantage to the Christians for whom they laide waite in the valleies and streight places of the country well knowne to themselues to the end to surprize and defeat them the which came to passe for the Christians being lodged one night at the foote of Sierra Vermeille in such a place as Don Alphonso's troupes were separated from those of the Earle of Vregna by a great botome which was betwixt them the Moores at the shutting in of day-light fell vpon Don Alphonso and his people with such fury as they cut them all in peeces Don Alphonso himselfe lay dead vpon the place his sonne Don Pedro hauing his teeth beaten out with the blow of a stone and hurt with an arrow with great difficulty escaped at the beginning of the fight the Earle of Vregna beholding the slaughter of his friends not being able to succour them by reason of the botome that lay betwixt them Particular 〈◊〉 among captains of one setfe side doe oâ—tentimes cause the publike cause to be forgotten or else because hee would not as diuers did thinke for euer among great Lords and chiefe commanders vnder one Prince are enuy iealozie and emulation found which cause such effects to the losse of their Prince and commonwealth King Fernand did greatly apprehend this losse as also Don Alphonsos death the which could not bee imputed to rashnesse for he had protested that such resolute men as those Moores were who were in their forts ought not to haue beene assailed with such weake forces and that they knew very well the common prouerbe which saith that for to fetch a dead man out of his owne house there must alway bee foure how much more then did it behooue them to goe strongly accompanied against those with whom he had to do who weare liuing men souldiers and well armed It is reported that as he was assailed diuers Knights were of opinion to turne their backes and to flee but he would needs make head saying that neuer any of his race did turne their backes to a Moore Vnseasonable magnanimity of D. Alphonso de Aguilar Wherefore being kept backe by shame and dishonour hee susteined that conflict whereas hee might haue made an excusable retreat Now the King being in a merueilous chollor departed from Granado against these Moores with an intent to punish them rigorously but perceiuing that it is euermore harder to execute then to counsell hee was content to permit them to passe ouer into Afrike and to leaue the country by this meanes after sundry defeats and slaughters on either side he obtained his desire and returned to Granado where the marriage of D. Catherine his fourth daughter with Arthur Prince of Wales heire to the crowne of England was treated of This Princesse tooke her iourney towards her husband the yere 1501. accompanied by Don Alphonso de Fonseca Archbishop of Saint Iames Don Antonio de Rojas Bishop of Majorque who was afterward Archbishop of Granado and President of the royall counsel and D. Diego Fernandes de Cordoua Earle of Cabra and at the same time Queene Ioane the widdow of Naples sister of King Fernand tooke her leaue of him and withdrew herselfe to Valencia The Archdâ—ke Philip of Austria making preparation for his voyage into Spaine was father of his third child Donna Ioane his wife beeing brought in bed of a daughter named Donna Isabella This Princesse was wife to Christierne King of Denmarke hee who was deposed by his vncle Christierne King of Swethland taken by him and kept in perpetuall prison by which Christierne shee had two daughters that is to say Dorothy future wife to Frederike Earle Palatin and Elector of the Empire and Christine who was married to Francisco Maria Sforza Duke of Milan the yeere 1534. who died the yeere after shee was secondly married to Francis Duke of Lorraine father to Duke Charles who liues in our time After that King Christerne was deposed from his owne Kingdome for inuading that of Sweuia this Princesse D. Isabella went into England where her Aunt Donna Catherine was married and then she died being six and twenty yeeres of age Whilest these things passed on in Spaine the French King Lewis the twelfth did luckily end his enterprise of Milan Sforza taken by the French and did shut vp into close and perpetuall prison Duke Lewis Sforza surnamed the Moore the Author of all the warres and ruines of Italy in his time the which King Frederick of Naples considering hee was mooued partly by feare least he should againe haue to doe with the victorious French armies partly not to oblige himselfe ouer much to the Kings of Spaine and not to giue occasion to the Spanish insolency to grow ouer saucie in his Kingdome and namely because King Iohn of Arragon and Don Fernand his sonne had at one time called in question the late King Alphonso his testamentary decree whereby hee had left that Kingdome to his bastard sonne incapable thereby as they said of so great an inheritance wherefore hee beganne to haue secret intelligence with the French King whereof King Fernand was soone aduertized who thought that hee was very ingratefully delt withall and ill requited for all his cost bestowed in the
horse and foote and made a great skirmish where D. Phillip of Nauarre and Arragon dyed who was maister of Monteza nephew to the King and sonne to Prince Don Charles of Viana by vs oftentimes heretofore mentioned with other men of note the which caused the Christians to make their retreate who were insolently pursued in the Rere by the Moores who notwithstanding were afterward beaten back by the Captaine of the frontier of Murcia King Ferdinand leauing for that time Almerie and Baça two strong places marched towards Huescar which yeelded and Don Rodrigo Manrique was made Gouernor thereof Whilest the warre continued in these quarters Iniury done to one of the kings Receiuers of his money and punishment of the offenders the Captaine of Alua de Tormes and the gouernor of the Duke of Aluas lands did Bastonado one of the Kings Collectors of his rents which the King hauing notice of the Licentiate Lewis de Polanco Prouost of the Court was sent thither to doe Iustice therevpon who tooke the Captaine of Alua in his owne Castle and caused him to bee hanged in the same place where hee had done the deed As for the Gouernour of the Countrey hee was brought to the Chancery at Valiodolit and there condemned to haue his hand stricken off and to bee for euer banished out of the Kings dominions In the which place of Valiodolit the Court came and wintered Moneys there was an Edict made concerning the moneys that the siluer coyne should bee thence-forth made of the same sterling as that of Paris It was enacted not long before in Portugall to coyne certaine kindes of gold of two and twenty Carates Portugal of the golden mine of Guiney and likewise certaine siluer money called Twenties of the worth of twenty Res which were equiualent to the Marauedis of Castile for thirty six Res were at that time worth a Real as thirty sixe Marauedis in Castile and Nauar The affaires of which kingdome since the execution of the Lords made by King Iohn were quiet and peaceable for euery one seeing that hee had not spared his owne bloud kept himselfe still and this King was not onely reuerenced in Portugall but likewise in Affricke where hee possessed much land in so much as the Moores of Azamor who had beene in times past vnder the subiection of Portugall and were now reuolted did againe this yeare submit themselues vnto it about which time he built the Fountaine at Setuball And hauing no businesses to hinder him hee went about to pursue new enterprises no lesse profitable for mankinde than honorable to the house of Portugall Hauing had the opinion and aduise of diuerse great personages skilfull in Cosmographie and all other Mathematicall sciences and especially good Marriners hee sent away Bartholmew Dias with a certaine religious Frier named Anthony inioyning them to coast the shoares of Affrick of the Ocean sea Nauigaâ—ions of the Portugals into the Ocean sea pursued by the commandement of King Iohn till they could bee able to relate vnto him how farre that land stretched and how the voyage which hee conceiued in his owne vnderstanding might bee made by the South into the East to the countreys and Islands where the spices growe Bartholomew Dias and the Fryer arriued at the Cape of Bonasperanza or good hope which is the farthest stretched out point of Affricke beyond the Equinoctiall winter Tropick Cape de bona Speranza and doubling againe the East Riuer of the Infant they came to the mouth of the Iland termed by them of the Infant which is a hundred and fifty leagues farther then the Cape of good hope There Fryer Anthonie with the consent of Bartholmew Dias landed and trauailed with such turnings vp and downe this vnknowne world Friev Anthonies long and dangerous iourney as hee brought himselfe with great labour and danger as it is credible into Palestine to the Citty of Ierusalem taking a carefull note of all things Bartholmew Dias returned by sea into Portugall the same way hee came and informed the King of all that hee had seene or knowne of the shoares and sea coasts as Fryer Anthony did the like of his land voyage beeing returned a good while after the which encreased King Iohns desire to execute his praise-worthy enterprise esteeming and not without reason that by the knowledge and practise of that Nauigation great profit might redound to his kingdome Now the better to vnderstand the costs and charges of this trafficke for Spices brought from the Islands of the Moluccoes and to bee able to reckon what the commoditie thereof might come to following the passage of the Ocean sea hee sent Pedro de Couanilla and Alphonso de Payua into the East King Iohns dilligence to learne the voyage to the East by the Ocean sea and the Island of Moluccoes who were wise and discreete persons and very skilfull in the Arabian tongue to bring him word of the traffick of these countries Hauing then furnished them with money credit and other necessaries for so long a voyage they went to Naples and from thence by Rhodes to Ierusalem from whence they passed by Alexandria to Caire then they went to Aden to Ormuz and at last came to Calicut and other places of the Indies carrying with them for their conduct a Carde or Compasse made by the licenciate Calsadilla Bishop of Viseo the Doctor Rodrigue Pero d' Alcaçaba and Moyses a Iew who had drawne it after the description of Martin of Boheme the great Mathematician taking information of all the parts of Ethiopia Arabia Persia and of the Indies where there is any trafficke faires or assemblies of people Alphonso Payua died in this voyage Pedro de Couanilla was deteined by Prester Iohn Emperour of Ethiopia so as the King could haue no relation from any of them concerning their voyage yet Couanilla found meanes to write a discourse of what hee had learned and sent it afterward to the King by one Rabi Abraham and Ioseph de Lamego who hauing beene already in Persia were sent backe againe by King Iohn to heere some newes of the said Pedro de Couanilla This discourse did whet on the Kings desire to effect this voyage for the which purpose he did arme certaine Carauels this yeere 1488. at the same time the marriage of his sonne Prince Alphonso and the Infanta Isabella eldest daughter to the King of Castile whereof mention was made in the treaty of peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall was wholy agreed vpon albeit the Prince was then but thirteene yeeres of age For the charges of which marriage the Estates of the Kingdome gaue to King Iohn the sum of a hundred thousand golden crusadoes at which time the King being desirous to aduance to wealth and honor D. Pedro de Meneses Earle of Villareal and Lord of Almeyda beeing at Beja he created him Marquis of Villareal and Earle of Oren. There came now into Castile a great Ambassage from Maximillian of Austria