son_n harold_n and_o his_o upon_o â—â—gar_a earl_n of_o chester_n to_o this_o time_n be_v refer_v the_o original_a of_o the_o â—_z in_o scotland_n which_o be_v a_o remarkable_a passage_n 〈◊〉_d in_o a_o great_a measure_n dependent_a upon_o the_o affair_n 〈◊〉_d the_o welsh_a be_v requisite_a to_o be_v here_o record_v macbeth_z king_n of_o scotland_n have_v cause_v bancho_fw-la a_o noble-â—â—n_a of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o be_v inhuman_o murder_v â—ence_n bancho_n son_n to_o avoid_v the_o like_a cruelty_n to_o â—â—â—self_n flee_v to_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n â—o_o take_v a_o very_a great_a like_n to_o his_o person_n and_o â—â—thal_o commiserate_v his_o condition_n show_v he_o all_o â—â—e_z respect_n and_o kindness_n possible_a but_o fleance_n have_v 〈◊〉_d continue_v long_o with_o gruffydh_n when_o he_o fall_v enamour_v upon_o the_o prince_n daughter_n and_o have_v obâ—â—â—ed_v her_o goodwill_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o â—â—r_a father_n civility_n towards_o he_o abuse_v she_o so_o far_a 〈◊〉_d to_o beget_v she_o with_o child_n gruffydh_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o heinous_o reâ—â—â—ted_v the_o affront_n that_o he_o occasion_v fleance_n to_o be_v â—â—â—in_o and_o treat_v his_o daughter_n most_o servile_o for_o prostrate_v her_o chastity_n especial_o to_o a_o strangâ—â—_n however_o she_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n deliver_v of_o a_o sâ—â—_n who_o name_n be_v christen_v walter_n a_o child_n wâ—â—_n in_o his_o youth_n express_v very_o great_a hope_n and_o in_o 〈◊〉_d probability_n like_a to_o make_v a_o very_a considerable_a mâ—â—_n which_o happen_v according_a to_o expectation_n but_o 〈◊〉_d first_o original_a of_o his_o future_a greatness_n happen_v upâ—â—_n a_o very_a accidental_a occasion_n be_v reproach_v of_o 〈◊〉_d stardism_n by_o one_o of_o his_o fellow_n companion_n he_o 〈◊〉_d it_o in_o so_o unpardonable_a a_o dudgeon_n that_o nothing_o 〈◊〉_d satisfy_v his_o revenge_n but_o the_o life_n of_o the_o aggreâ—â—â—â—_n be_v upon_o this_o mischance_n afraid_a to_o undergo_v the_o â—â—nishment_n of_o the_o law_n he_o think_v it_o safe_a to_o fly_v 〈◊〉_d scotland_n where_o fall_v in_o company_n with_o ceâ—â—â—â—â—_n english_a man_n who_o be_v come_v thither_o with_o quâ—â—â—_n margaret_n sister_n to_o edgar_n edeling_n he_o behave_v himâ—â—â—â—_n so_o sober_o and_o discreet_o that_o he_o win_v the_o favour_n 〈◊〉_d good_a character_n of_o all_o that_o know_v he_o but_o his_o 〈◊〉_d daily_o increase_v he_o grow_v at_o length_n to_o that_o height_n 〈◊〉_d reputation_n as_o to_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o most_o inwâ—â—â—_n affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o at_o last_o be_v maâ—â—_n lord_n steward_n of_o scotland_n from_o which_o office_n 〈◊〉_d posterity_n retain_v the_o surname_n of_o steward_n the_o kiâ—â—_n of_o scotland_n of_o that_o name_n with_o several_a other_o fâ—â—lies_n of_o quality_n in_o that_o kingdom_n be_v descend_v 〈◊〉_d he_o but_o to_o return_v to_o england_n siward_n the_o worthy_a 〈◊〉_d of_o northumberland_n die_v about_o this_o time_n of_o the_o blooâ—_n flux_n a_o man_n of_o a_o rough_a demeanour_n and_o a_o mâ—â—â—_n soldierly_a temper_n as_o he_o plain_o manifest_v at_o 〈◊〉_d point_n of_o death_n for_o bewail_v his_o misfortune_n 〈◊〉_d have_v escape_v so_o many_o dangerous_a engagement_n 〈◊〉_d withal_o disdain_v to_o die_v so_o effeminate_o in_o bed_n 〈◊〉_d cause_v himself_o to_o be_v complete_o arm_v and_o aâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v in_o defiance_n of_o death_n present_o expire_v in_o martial_a bravery_n but_o his_o son_n be_v too_o young_a 〈◊〉_d king_n bestow_v his_o earldom_n upon_o tosty_o the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d earl_n godwyn_n a.d._n 1054_o wales_n have_v be_v now_o a_o long_a time_n quiet_a and_o 〈◊〉_d of_o all_o trouble_n both_o abroad_o and_o at_o home_n but_o it_o coâ—â—â—_n not_o be_v expect_v that_o such_o a_o life_n shall_v prove_v duâ—â—bâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d but_o something_o or_o other_o will_v create_v new_a comâ—â—tions_n and_o disturbance_n gruffydh_fw-mi son_n to_o rytherch_v ap_fw-mi â—â—yn_v have_v recruit_v and_o recover_v himself_o after_o the_o 〈◊〉_d blow_v he_o receive_v from_o prince_n gruffydh_n must_v needs_o â—â—â—ture_v another_o trial_n for_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n 〈◊〉_d prince_n protract_v no_o time_n speedy_o march_v aâ—â—â—_n he_o and_o both_o army_n be_v join_v gruffydh_n 〈◊〉_d ryâ—herch_n be_v easy_o vanquish_v and_o in_o fine_a slain_z 〈◊〉_d the_o trouble_n of_o the_o welsh_a do_v not_o end_v with_o he_o 〈◊〉_d algâ—â—_n earl_n of_o chester_n be_v convict_v of_o treason_n 〈◊〉_d thereupon_o banish_v the_o kingdom_n flee_v to_o gruffydh_n 〈◊〉_d of_o wales_n request_v his_o aid_n against_o king_n â—â—â—ard_n who_o repeat_v the_o frequent_a wrong_n he_o have_v 〈◊〉_d at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a by_o uphold_v 〈◊〉_d enemy_n against_o he_o glad_o embrace_v the_o opportunity_n and_o promise_v he_o all_o imaginable_a support_n use_v thereupon_o assemble_v his_o force_n he_o enter_v with_o 〈◊〉_d into_o hereford_n shire_n and_o advance_v into_o the_o â—â—â—â—try_n within_o two_o mile_n of_o the_o city_n of_o hereford_n 〈◊〉_d be_v oppose_v by_o randulph_n earl_n of_o that_o counâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d bold_o give_v they_o battle_n the_o fight_n conâ—â—â—â—â—â—_n very_o dreadful_a and_o dubious_a for_o some_o hour_n till_o 〈◊〉_d gruffydh_n so_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o â—â—â—â—mbrance_n of_o their_o former_a victory_n over_o the_o 〈◊〉_d that_o they_o fall_v on_o a_o main_a and_o easy_o disâ—â—â—â—red_v randulph_n and_o slay_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o army_n â—â—terwards_o they_o pursue_v their_o chase_n to_o the_o town_n 〈◊〉_d have_v make_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o havoc_n they_o be_v â—â—â—e_a they_o lay_v the_o town_n itself_o in_o ash_n and_o so_o reâ—â—â—ned_v home_o triumphant_o lade_v with_o rich_a booty_n 〈◊〉_d plunder_n king_n edward_n receive_v notice_n of_o this_o 〈◊〉_d present_o gather_v a_o great_a army_n at_o glocesterâ—â—der_n â—â—der_z the_o conduct_n of_o harold_n earl_n godwyn_n son_n â—o_o courageous_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n enter_v into_o â—ales_n and_o encamp_v beyond_o stradelwyd_n but_o gruâ—â—dh_n and_o algar_n dread_v to_o oppose_v he_o retire_a furâ—â—â—r_n into_o south_n wales_n of_o which_o harold_n be_v certify_v 〈◊〉_d one_o part_n of_o his_o army_n behind_o with_o order_n to_o â—â—ght_n if_o occasion_n offer_v and_o with_o the_o other_o pass_v 〈◊〉_d hereford_n which_o he_o fortify_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n â—â—â—â—nd_v the_o town_n gruffydh_n perceive_v his_o undaunted_a industry_n after_o many_o message_n conclude_v a_o peâ—â—â—_n with_o harold_n at_o a_o place_n call_v biligelhag_a by_o wâ—â—â—â—_n article_n algar_n be_v pardon_v by_o the_o king_n and_o â—â—stored_v to_o his_o earldom_n of_o chester_n but_o he_o do_v 〈◊〉_d continue_v long_o in_o the_o king_n favour_n for_o about_o 〈◊〉_d year_n after_o upon_o conviction_n of_o treason_n he_o be_v â—gain_o banish_v the_o land_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o 〈◊〉_d take_v himself_o to_o his_o old_a friend_n gruffydh_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d wales_n by_o who_o aid_n and_o a_o fleet_n from_o norway_n 〈◊〉_d spite_n of_o the_o king_n he_o be_v restore_v to_o his_o earldom_n but_o king_n edward_n be_v sore_o offend_v with_o the_o priâ—â—â—_n of_o wales_n for_o harbour_v traitor_n and_o therefore_o 〈◊〉_d be_v revenge_v upon_o he_o he_o dispatch_v harold_n 〈◊〉_d with_o a_o army_n to_o north-wales_n who_o come_v 〈◊〉_d ruthlan_n burn_v the_o prince_n palace_n there_o and_o his_o 〈◊〉_d that_o lie_v in_o the_o harbour_n and_o then_o return_v to_o 〈◊〉_d king_n at_o gloucester_n this_o year_n edward_n the_o son_n of_o edmund_n ironside_n 〈◊〉_d be_v send_v for_o out_o of_o hungary_n be_v design_v succession_n the_o crown_n come_v to_o england_n but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n 〈◊〉_d his_o come_n die_v at_o london_n leave_v behind_o he_o 〈◊〉_d son_n call_v edgar_n edeling_o and_o a_o daughter_n naâ—â—â—_n margaret_n who_o be_v afterward_o queen_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o mother_n to_o maud_n the_o wife_n of_o henry_n the_o fâ—â—â—â—_n a.d._n 1056_o about_o two_o year_n after_o roderic_n son_n to_o harold_n king_n of_o denmark_n come_v with_o a_o considerable_a army_n 〈◊〉_d wales_n and_o be_v kind_o receive_v by_o prince_n gruffâ—â—â—_n unite_v his_o power_n with_o the_o welsh_a and_o so_o enter_v 〈◊〉_d england_n which_o they_o cruel_o harass_v and_o destroyâ—â—_n but_o before_o they_o can_v advance_v any_o considerable_a â—â—stance_n roderic_n be_v compel_v to_o sail_n for_o denmark_n and_o so_o gruffydh_n return_v lade_v with_o spoil_n 〈◊〉_d wales_n the_o same_o time_n harold_n earl_n godwyn_n 〈◊〉_d sail_v to_o flanders_n be_v drive_v by_o force_n of_o weaâ—â—â—_n to_o land_n at_o poytiers_n where_o be_v seize_v upon_o 〈◊〉_d be_v bring_v before_o william_n bastard_n duke_n of_o nâ—â—mandy_n to_o who_o he_o declare_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o vâ—â—age_n that_o it_o be_v purposely_o to_o tender_v he_o his_o serâ—â—â—â—_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n and_o so_o take_v a_o oath_n 〈◊〉_d to_o marry_v the_o duke_n daughter_n and_o after_o the_o
edeyrneon_n and_o dinmael_n which_o he_o leave_v to_o his_o son_n gruffydh_n blethyn_n and_o jorwerth_n owen_n madawc_n have_v to_o his_o portion_n mechain-is-coed_n and_o have_v issue_n lhewelyn_n and_o owen_n fychan_n but_o gruffydh_n maelor_n the_o elder_a son_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n have_v to_o his_o part_n both_o the_o maelor_n with_o mochnant-is-raydar_a and_o marry_v angharad_n the_o daughter_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n one_o son_n name_v madawc_n who_o hold_v his_o father_n inheritance_n entire_o and_o leave_v it_o so_o to_o his_o only_a son_n gruffydh_n who_o be_v call_v lord_n of_o dînas_n brân_n because_o he_o live_v in_o that_o castle_n he_o marry_v emma_n the_o daughter_n james_n lord_n audley_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n madawc_n lhewelyn_n gruffydh_n and_o owen_n this_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n take_v part_n with_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_z edward_z the_o first_o against_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o therefore_o for_o fear_v of_o the_o say_a prince_n he_o be_v force_v to_o keep_v himself_o secure_a within_o his_o castle_n of_o dinas_n brân_n which_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o summity_n of_o a_o very_a steep_a hill_n seem_v impregnable_a to_o all_o the_o dare_a effort_n that_o can_v be_v use_v against_o it_o after_o his_o death_n edward_n the_o first_o deal_v very_o unkind_o with_o his_o child_n who_o be_v of_o age_n to_o manage_v their_o own_o concern_v and_o make_v two_o of_o they_o private_o away_o bestow_v the_o wardship_n of_o madoc_n his_o elder_a son_n who_o have_v by_o his_o father_n will_n the_o lordship_n of_o bromfield_n and_o yale_n with_o the_o reversion_n of_o maelor_n saesnec_n hopesdale_n and_o mouldsdale_n his_o mother_n jointure_n on_o john_n earl_n warren_n and_o the_o wardship_n of_o lhewelyn_n to_o who_o share_n fall_v the_o lordship_n of_o chirke_n and_o nanheudwy_n to_o roger_n mortimer_n three_o son_n to_o roger_n mortimer_n the_o son_n of_o ralph_n mortimer_n lord_n mortimer_n of_o wigmor_n but_o emma_n gruffydh_n wife_n have_v in_o her_o possession_n for_o her_o dowry_n maelor_n saesnec_n hopesdale_n and_o moulsdale_n with_o the_o presentation_n of_o bangor_n rectory_n and_o see_v two_o of_o her_o son_n disinherit_v and_o do_v away_o and_o the_o four_o dead_a without_o issue_n and_o doubt_v lest_o gruffydh_n her_o only_a survive_a child_n can_v not_o long_o continue_v she_o convey_v her_o estate_n to_o the_o audley_n her_o own_o kin_n who_o get_v possession_n of_o it_o take_v the_o same_o from_o the_o king_n from_o who_o it_o come_v to_o the_o house_n of_o derby_n where_o it_o continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o at_o length_n it_o be_v sell_v to_o sir_n john_n glynne_n sergeant_n at_o law_n in_o who_o family_n it_o still_o remain_v but_o earl_n warren_n and_o roger_n mortimer_n forget_v what_o signal_n service_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n have_v perform_v for_o the_o king_n guarded_z their_o new_a possession_n with_o such_o caution_n and_o strictness_n that_o they_o take_v especial_a care_n they_o shall_v never_o return_v to_o any_o of_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o legal_a proprietor_n and_o therefore_o have_v obtain_v the_o king_n patent_n they_o begin_v to_o secure_v themselves_o in_o the_o say_a lordship_n john_n earl_n warren_n begin_v to_o build_v holt-castle_n which_o be_v finish_v by_o his_o son_n william_n and_o so_o the_o lordship_n of_o bromfield_n and_o yale_n continue_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o warren_n for_o three_o descent_n viz._n john_n william_n and_o john_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o say_v lordship_n together_o with_o the_o earldom_n of_o warren_n descend_v to_o alice_n sister_n and_o heir_n to_o the_o last_o john_n earl_n warren_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o edmond_n fitz_n alan_n earl_n of_o arundel_n in_o which_o house_n they_o remain_v for_o three_o descent_n namely_o edmund_n richard_z richard_z his_o son_n and_o thomas_n earl_n of_o arundel_n but_o for_o want_v of_o issue_n to_o this_o last_o thomas_z earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o warren_n the_o say_a lordship_n fall_v to_o two_o of_o his_o sister_n whereof_o one_o name_v elizabeth_n be_v marry_v to_o thomas_n mowbray_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n and_o the_o other_o call_v joan_n to_o william_n beauchamp_n lord_n of_o abergavenny_n but_o since_o they_o come_v to_o the_o hand_n of_o sir_n william_n stanley_n knight_n who_o be_v attaint_v of_o high_a treason_n they_o devolve_v by_o forfeiture_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o now_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n but_o roger_n mortimer_n the_o other_o sharer_n in_o the_o land_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n be_v make_v justice_n of_o north-wales_n build_v the_o castle_n of_o chirke_n and_o marry_v lucia_n the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o sir_n robert_n de_fw-fr wafre_n knight_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n roger_n mortimer_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o joan_n turbervill_n by_o who_o he_o have_v john_n mortimer_n lord_n of_o chirke_n this_o john_n sell_v the_o lordship_n of_o chirke_n to_o richard_n fitzalan_n earl_n of_o arundel_n edmund_n son_n and_o so_o it_o be_v again_o annex_v to_o bromfield_n and_o yale_n the_o three_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o dinas_n brân_n name_v also_o gruffydh_n have_v for_o his_o part_n glyn_n dwrdwy_n which_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi have_v issue_n madoc_n crupl_n who_o be_v the_o father_n of_o madoc_n fychan_n the_o father_n of_o gruffydh_n the_o father_n of_o gruffydh_n fychan_n who_o be_v the_o father_n of_o owen_n glyndwr_n who_o rebel_a in_o the_o day_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o glyndwrdwy_n by_o confiscation_n come_v to_o the_o king_n of_o who_o it_o be_v afterward_o purchase_v by_o robert_n salisbury_n of_o rug_n in_o who_o family_n it_o still_o remain_v owen_n the_o four_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o dinas_n brân_n have_v for_o his_o share_n cynlhaeth_n with_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o other_o part_n of_o powy_n comprehend_v the_o country_n of_o arust_o cyfeilioc_n lhannerch-hudol_a caereneon_n mochnach_n uwch_v rayadr_n mechan_n uwch_v coed_n moudhwy_n deudhwr_n ystrad_n marchelh_n and_o teir_n tref_n or_o the_o three_o town_n rightful_o descend_v to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n by_o henry_n the_o first_o create_v lord_n powy_n who_o marry_v gweyryl_n or_o weyryl_n the_o daughter_n of_o vrgene_n ap_fw-mi howel_n ap_fw-mi jefaf_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadogan_n ap_fw-mi athlestan_n glodryth_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n owen_n surname_v cyfeilioc_n this_o owen_n enjoy_v his_o father_n estate_n entire_a and_o marry_v gwenlhiam_n the_o daughter_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o bear_v he_o one_o son_n name_v gwenwynwyn_n or_o wenwynwyn_n from_o who_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n be_v afterward_o call_v powy_n wenwynwyn_n he_o have_v moreover_o a_o base_a brother_n call_v caswalhon_n upon_o who_o he_o bestow_v the_o country_n 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have_v moudhwy_a gruffydh_n fychan_n have_v deudh_fw-mi rr_z ystrat-marchelh_a and_o teir_n tref_o and_o david_n the_o six_o and_o young_a son_n have_v the_o other_o four_o part_n of_o caereneon_n owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi have_v issue_n one_o only_a daughter_n name_v hawys_n gadarn_n or_o the_o hardy_a who_o he_o leave_v his_o heir_n but_o her_o uncle_n lhewolyn_n john_n gruffydh_n fychan_n and_o david_n think_v it_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o dispossess_v a_o orphan_n challenge_v the_o land_n of_o their_o brother_n owen_n allege_v for_o a_o cloak_n to_o their_o usurpation_n that_o a_o woman_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o hold_v any_o land_n in_o that_o country_n but_o hawys_n make_v such_o friend_n in_o england_n that_o her_o case_n be_v make_v know_v to_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o who_o bestow_v she_o in_o marriage_n upon_o a_o servant_n of_o he_o name_v john_n charleton_n term_v valectus_n domini_fw-la regis_fw-la who_o be_v bear_v at_o appley_n near_o wellington_n in_o the_o county_n of_o salop_n anno_fw-la one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o
gruffydh_n llwyd_n son_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n a_o stout_a and_o a_o valiant_a gentleman_n though_o not_o very_o fortunate_a and_o as_o florus_n say_v of_o sertorius_n he_o be_v magnae_fw-la quidem_fw-la sed_fw-la calamitosae_fw-la virtutis_fw-la he_o be_v knight_v by_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o upon_o his_o bring_v the_o first_o news_n of_o the_o queen_n be_v safe_a delivery_n of_o a_o son_n at_o caernarvon_n castle_n the_o king_n hold_v then_o a_o parliament_n at_o ruthlan_n this_o sir_n gruffydh_n continue_v for_o some_o time_n very_o gracious_a with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o observe_v at_o length_n the_o intolerable_a oppression_n and_o tyranny_n exercise_v by_o the_o english_a officer_n especial_o by_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n lord_n of_o chirke_n and_o justice_n of_o north-wales_n towards_o his_o countryman_n the_o welsh_a become_v so_o far_o concern_v and_o discontent_v with_o such_o unwarrantable_a practice_n that_o he_o 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vestrum_fw-la celebre_fw-la ubique_fw-la publicetur_fw-la expugnat_fw-la si_fw-la quid_fw-la saxonibus_fw-la in_o albaniâ_fw-la per_fw-la illustrem_fw-la regem_fw-la fratrem_fw-la vestrum_fw-la ultim_fw-la per_fw-la vos_fw-la in_o hibernia_n per_fw-la vos_fw-la &_o nos_fw-la in_o wallia_fw-la statum_fw-la vestrum_fw-la pristinum_fw-la per_fw-la brutum_fw-la conquisitum_fw-la recuperabimus_fw-la ipsisque_fw-la suppeditatis_fw-la confusis_fw-la &_o dispersis_fw-la britannia_fw-la juxta_fw-la discretam_fw-la vestrae_fw-la dominationis_fw-la ordinationem_fw-la inter_fw-la britones_n &_o albaneos_fw-la in_o posterum_fw-la divisa_fw-la cohaereditabitur_fw-la valeat_fw-la dominatio_fw-la vestra_fw-la regius_fw-la per_fw-la cuncta_fw-la saecula_fw-la to_o this_o letter_n of_o sir_n gruffydh_n llwyd_n sir_n edward_n bruce_n return_v the_o follow_a answer_n omnibus_fw-la desiderantibus_fw-la à _fw-la servitute_fw-la liberari_fw-la saâ—utem_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la qui_fw-la desiderant_fw-la in_o 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inimicus_fw-la faciliter_fw-la relevatur_fw-la libenter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la si_fw-la jugum_fw-la anglicanum_n in_fw-la tantum_fw-la vos_fw-la deprimit_fw-la quantum_fw-la nuper_fw-la depresserat_fw-la populum_fw-la scotianum_fw-la ut_fw-la sic_fw-la ex_fw-la vestro_fw-la concordi_fw-la conamine_fw-la &_o nostro_fw-la superveniente_fw-la juvamine_fw-la dispenente_fw-la semper_fw-la divino_fw-la positis_fw-la jura_fw-la vestra_fw-la &_o justitiam_fw-la recuperare_fw-la &_o proprietatem_fw-la ......._o haereditatem_fw-la pacificè_fw-la possidere_fw-la veruntamen_fw-la dei_fw-la cum_fw-la omne_fw-la serviunt_fw-la in_o isto_fw-la proposito_fw-la filium_fw-la invocamus_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la praesumptione_n &_o ambitione_n injusti_fw-la dominii_fw-la talia_fw-la attemptamus_fw-la sed_fw-la ex_fw-la mera_fw-fr compassione_n effusionis_fw-la innocentis_fw-la vestri_fw-la sanguinis_fw-la &_o subjectionis_fw-la intollerabilis_fw-la &_o signant_fw-la ad_fw-la hoc_fw-la 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create_v prince_n of_o wales_n duke_n of_o aquitaine_n and_o earl_n of_o chester_n this_o prince_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n by_o the_o name_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o powerful_a monarch_n that_o ever_o sit_v upon_o the_o english_a throne_n edward_n bear_v at_o woodstock_n elder_a son_n and_o heir_n to_o a.d._n 1343_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n upon_o the_o 12_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o 17_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n be_v then_o about_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a qualification_n but_o so_o signal_o famous_a in_o martial_a affair_n that_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o several_a action_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o he_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o black-prince_n he_o take_v john_n the_o french_a king_n prisoner_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o poitiers_n and_o shameful_o vanquish_v the_o french_a army_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o cressy_n he_o do_v not_o live_v to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n but_o die_v one_o year_n before_o his_o father_n in_o the_o forty_o six_o year_n of_o his_o age_n no_o prince_n be_v in_o his_o life-time_n better_o belove_v and_o after_o
his_o death_n more_o lament_v by_o the_o english_a nation_n who_o have_v he_o live_v to_o sit_v upon_o the_o helm_n no_o one_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o will_v have_v exceed_v as_o to_o all_o qualification_n the_o most_o glorious_a renown_n of_o the_o great_a of_o his_o ancestor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o live_v sir_n tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n descend_v lineal_o from_o ednyfed_a vaughan_n a_o person_n as_o to_o estate_n power_n and_o interest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a in_o north_n wales_n upon_o some_o motive_n either_o of_o ambition_n or_o fancy_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o honour_n of_o knighthood_n require_v all_o people_n to_o call_v and_o style_v he_o sir_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n as_o if_o he_o do_v prognosticate_v and_o foresee_v that_o out_o of_o his_o loin_n shall_v arise_v those_o that_o shall_v have_v power_n to_o confer_v that_o honor._n king_n edward_n be_v inform_v of_o such_o unparalleled_a presumption_n send_v for_o sir_n tudor_n 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martin_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o and_o to_o deliver_v up_o his_o elder_a son_n with_o some_o other_o person_n of_o quality_n as_o hostage_n for_o the_o remainder_n the_o king_n at_o the_o humble_a suit_n of_o reginald_n see_v no_o other_o way_n for_o his_o enlargement_n give_v way_n thereto_o authorise_v sir_n william_n de_fw-fr roos_n sir_n richard_n de_fw-fr grey_n sir_n william_n de_fw-fr willughby_n sir_n william_n le_fw-fr zouche_n sir_n hugh_n huls_n as_o also_o john_n harvey_n william_n vaus_n john_n lee_n john_n langford_n thomas_n payne_n and_o john_n elnestow_v to_o treat_v with_o owen_n and_o his_o council_n and_o to_o conclude_v in_o what_o they_o shall_v conceive_v most_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v for_o his_o redemption_n whereupon_o they_o consent_v to_o give_v the_o sum_n demand_v by_o glyndwr_n for_o his_o deliverance_n the_o king_n give_v licence_n to_o robert_n braybroke_n bishop_n of_o london_n as_o also_o to_o sir_n 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sir_n david_n secure_v he_o have_v like_v to_o undergo_v present_a execution_n have_v not_o glyndyfwr_n best_o friend_n and_o the_o great_a upholder_n of_o his_o cause_n plead_v in_o his_o behalf_n by_o who_o intercession_n he_o be_v prevail_v with_o to_o grant_v sir_n david_n both_o his_o life_n and_o liberty_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v ever_o after_o continue_v true_a and_o loyal_a to_o he_o sir_n david_n promise_v very_o loud_o but_o with_o the_o reservation_n never_o to_o perform_v for_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o his_o own_o country_n where_o he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o very_a considerable_a sway_n and_o interest_n he_o do_v exceed_o annoy_v and_o molest_v those_o that_o any_o way_n favour_v or_o adhere_v to_o glyndyfwr_n while_o sir_n david_n lay_v in_o prison_n at_o machynlleth_n for_o his_o attempt_n against_o owen_n life_n this_o englyn_n be_v make_v upon_o he_o dafydd_n gam_n dryglam_n dreigl_o iti_fw-la yn_fw-mi wan_a frwydr_n fradwr_n rissiart_n bhrenin_n llwyr_n y_fw-fr rhoes_fw-fr diawl_n haw_v hwyl_n flîn_fw-fr y_fw-fr faith_n ystâd_v ei_fw-la fys_fw-fr in_o the_o dîn._n but_o glyndyfwr_n receive_v information_n how_o that_o sir_n david_n gam_n contrary_a to_o the_o promise_v he_o have_v make_v at_o his_o releasement_n endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o destroy_v his_o interest_n among_o the_o welsh_a enter_v the_o march_n and_o among_o other_o token_n of_o his_o indignation_n burn_v the_o house_n of_o sir_n david_n and_o as_o the_o report_n go_v call_v to_o he_o one_o of_o sir_n david_n tenant_n speak_v to_o he_o thus_o merry_o in_o verse_n o_o gweli_fw-it di_fw-it wr_fw-mi côch_fw-mi cam_n yn_n ymofyn_n y_fw-fr girnigwen_n dyw_v ei_fw-la bôd_a hi_o tan_o y_fw-mi lan_n a_o nôd_n y_fw-fr glow_n be_v ei_fw-la phenn_n but_o sir_n david_n have_v the_o luck_n to_o escape_v his_o reach_n and_o be_v constrain_v to_o retire_v to_o england_n where_o he_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o court_n till_o the_o death_n of_o glyndyfwr_n 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his_o brother_n richard_n the_o crouchback_a run_v he_o into_o the_o heart_n with_o his_o dagget_n edward_n bear_v in_o the_o sanctuary_n at_o westminster_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o be_v after_o his_o father_n expulsion_n out_o of_o england_n in_o the_o forty_o nine_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o earl_n of_o chester_n in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o four_o this_o young_a prince_n be_v then_o at_o ludlow_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n be_v present_o send_v for_o to_o london_n and_o proclaim_v king_n of_o england_n but_o never_o live_v to_o be_v crown_v for_o his_o uncle_n richard_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n who_o be_v appoint_v his_o protector_n most_o vilainous_o make_v he_o away_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n and_o afterward_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v and_o crown_v king_n edward_n the_o four_o in_o his_o war_n against_o henry_n the_o six_o be_v very_o much_o assist_v by_o the_o welsh_a in_o recompense_n of_o which_o service_n he_o design_v to_o reform_v matter_n so_o in_o wales_n as_o that_o intolerable_a oppression_n which_o they_o have_v hitherto_o endure_v shall_v be_v regulate_v and_o take_v off_o and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o mean_v to_o establish_v a_o court_n within_o the_o say_a principality_n and_o constitute_v john_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n precedent_n of_o the_o prince_n council_n in_o the_o march_n who_o together_o with_o anthony_n earl_n of_o rivers_n sit_v in_o the_o town-hall_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o constitute_v certain_a ordinance_n for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o that_o place_n but_o the_o matter_n proceed_v no_o far_o for_o the_o trouble_n and_o disquietness_n of_o his_o kingdom_n come_v heavy_a upon_o he_o and_o the_o shortness_n of_o his_o reign_n after_o his_o establishment_n not_o permit_v he_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v that_o to_o other_o which_o himself_o think_v once_o to_o bring_v about_o edward_n bear_v at_o middleham_n near_o richmond_n in_o the_o county_n of_o york_n the_o only_a son_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o three_o be_v at_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n create_v by_o his_o father_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o die_v soon_o after_o arthur_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o bear_v at_o winchester_n be_v in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o father_n reign_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n about_o the_o fifteen_o year_n of_o his_o age_n be_v then_o new_o marry_v to_o katherine_n the_o infanta_n of_o spain_n he_o be_v send_v by_o his_o father_n into_o wales_n that_o by_o his_o presence_n he_o may_v keep_v that_o country_n in_o better_a awe_n with_o he_o king_n henry_n send_v dr._n william_n smith_n afterward_o make_v bishop_n of_o lincoln_n 789._o wokins_n p._n 789._o as_o precedent_n of_o his_o council_n together_o with_o sir_n richard_n pool_n his_o chamberlain_n sir_n henry_n vernon_z sir_n richard_z crofts_n sir_n david_n philip_n sir_n william_n vdal_n sir_n thomas_n englefield_n sir_n peter_n newton_n and_o other_o to_o be_v his_o counsellor_n and_o director_n in_o his_o management_n of_o affair_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v not_o continue_v long_o there_o but_o he_o fall_v sick_a at_o his_o castle_n at_o ludlow_n of_o which_o indisposition_n he_o short_o after_o dye_v and_o be_v bury_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o worcester_n but_o the_o create_v of_o his_o brother_n henry_n duke_n of_o york_n prince_n of_o wales_n in_o his_o stead_n be_v defer_v for_o about_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n to_o discover_v whether_o the_o lady_n katherine_n be_v get_v with_o child_n by_o prince_n arthur_n but_o when_o it_o appear_v for_o certain_a she_o have_v not_o conceive_v on_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o february_n in_o the_o nineteenth_o year_n of_o his_o father_n king_n
henry_n the_o seventh_n reign_n henry_n duke_n of_o york_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v by_o his_o grandfather_n owen_n tudor_n descend_v out_o of_o wales_n and_o have_v sufficient_o experience_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o welsh_a towards_o he_o first_o of_o those_o who_o upon_o his_o first_o land_n opportune_o join_v he_o under_o sir_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi thomas_n and_o then_o of_o those_o who_o under_o the_o command_n of_o sir_n william_n stanley_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n yale_n and_o chirkland_n aid_v he_o in_o bosworth-field_n can_v not_o in_o honour_n and_o equity_n but_o bear_v some_o regard_n to_o the_o miserable_a state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o welsh_a under_o the_o english_a government_n and_o therefore_o this_o prudent_a prince_n find_v the_o calamity_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o be_v insupportable_a and_o see_v what_o grievous_a and_o unmerciful_a law_n be_v enact_v against_o they_o by_o his_o predecessor_n he_o take_v occasion_n to_o redress_v and_o reform_v the_o same_o and_o grant_v to_o the_o welsh_a a_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o immunity_n whereby_o they_o be_v release_v from_o the_o cruel_a oppression_n which_o since_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a government_n they_o have_v most_o cruel_o sustain_v and_o see_v the_o birth_n and_o quality_n of_o his_o grandfather_n owen_n tudor_n be_v call_v in_o question_n and_o that_o he_o be_v by_o many_o upbraid_v of_o be_v of_o a_o mean_a and_o ignoble_a parentage_n king_n henry_n direct_v a_o commission_n to_o the_o abbot_n of_o lhan_n egwest_n dr._n owen_n pool_n canon_n of_o hereford_n and_z john_n king_n herald_z at_o arm_n to_o make_v inquisition_n concern_v the_o pedigree_n of_o the_o say_v owen_n who_o come_v to_o wales_n make_v a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o this_o matter_n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o sir_n john_n leyaf_n guttyn_n owen_n bardh_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi efan_n fychan_n and_o other_o in_o the_o consultation_n of_o the_o british_a book_n of_o pedigree_n they_o draw_v up_o a_o exact_a genealogy_n of_o owen_n tudor_n which_o upon_o their_o return_n appâ—nd_n vide_fw-la appâ—nd_n they_o present_v to_o the_o king_n edward_n son_n to_z henry_n the_o eight_o by_o the_o lady_n jane_n seymour_n his_o three_o wife_n be_v bear_v at_o hampton-court_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o october_n and_o upon_o the_o 18_o of_o the_o say_a month_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n and_o earl_n of_o chester_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o have_v already_o abrogate_a those_o unreasonable_a and_o intolerable_a law_n which_o the_o former_a king_n of_o england_n particular_o henry_n the_o four_o have_v make_v against_o the_o welsh_a and_o now_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o willing_a to_o make_v a_o plenary_a reformation_n of_o what_o his_o father_n have_v wise_o begin_v think_v it_o necessary_a towards_o the_o good_a and_o tranquillity_n of_o both_o nation_n to_o make_v the_o welsh_a subject_n to_o the_o same_o law_n and_o the_o same_o government_n with_o the_o english_a he_o understand_v that_o the_o usual_a hostility_n and_o depredation_n be_v still_o continue_v and_o keep_v up_o by_o both_o side_n upon_o the_o border_n and_o though_o his_o father_n have_v ease_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o welsh_a yet_o he_o perceive_v that_o it_o do_v contribute_v but_o little_a towards_o the_o disannul_n of_o that_o inveterate_a and_o implacable_a envy_n and_o animosity_n which_o rage_v in_o the_o march_n therefore_o to_o remedy_v this_o otherwise_o unavoidable_a distemper_n he_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o only_a effectual_a method_n to_o incorporate_v the_o welsh_a with_o the_o english_a that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n may_v equal_o a.d._n 1536_o fear_n the_o violation_n of_o they_o and_o according_o in_o the_o twenty_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n a_o act_n of_o parliament_n pass_v to_o that_o purpose_n which_o together_o with_o another_o act_n in_o the_o thirty_o five_o of_o his_o reign_n make_v a_o plenary_a incorporation_n of_o the_o welsh_a with_o the_o english_a which_o union_n have_v have_v that_o bless_a effect_n that_o it_o have_v dispel_v all_o those_o unnatural_a difference_n which_o heretofore_o be_v so_o rife_a and_o irreconcilable_a when_o the_o reformation_n be_v first_o establish_v in_o wales_n it_o be_v a_o mighty_a inconveniency_n to_o the_o vulgar_a people_n such_o as_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o the_o english_a tongue_n that_o the_o bible_n be_v not_o translate_v into_o their_o native_a language_n queen_n elizabeth_n be_v quick_o apprehensive_a of_o the_o inconveniency_n which_o the_o welsh_a incur_v for_o the_o want_n of_o such_o a_o translation_n and_o therefore_o a.d._n 1566_o in_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n a_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v pass_v whereby_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n s._n david_n s._n asaph_n bangor_n and_o landaff_n be_v order_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o bible_n contain_v the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n with_o the_o book_n of_o common-prayer_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n be_v true_o and_o exact_o translate_v into_o the_o british_a or_o welsh_a tongue_n and_o that_o the_o same_o so_o translate_v be_v by_o they_o peruse_v and_o approve_v be_v print_v to_o such_o a_o number_n at_o least_o as_o that_o every_o cathedral_n collegiate_n and_o parish-church_n and_o chapel_n of_o ease_n within_o the_o say_a diocese_n where_o that_o tongue_n be_v vulgar_o speak_v may_v be_v supply_v before_o the_o first_o of_o march_n anno_fw-la 1566._o and_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o welsh_a divine_a service_n shall_v be_v use_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n in_o all_o place_n throughout_o those_o diocese_n where_o the_o welsh_a be_v common_o speak_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n and_o that_o the_o charge_n of_o procure_v the_o say_a bible_n and_o common-prayer_n shall_v equal_o depend_v betwixt_o the_o parson_n and_o the_o parish_n the_o former_a be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v one_o half_a of_o the_o expense_n and_o that_o the_o price_n of_o the_o book_n shall_v be_v set_v by_o the_o foresay_a bishop_n or_o by_o three_o of_o they_o at_o the_o least_o but_o this_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v not_o punctual_o observe_v for_o the_o old_a testament_n be_v whole_o omit_v and_o only_o the_o new_a with_o the_o book_n of_o common-prayer_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n then_o translate_v which_o translation_n be_v chief_o owe_v to_o richard_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n who_o be_v assist_v by_o william_n salusbury_n a_o perfect_a critic_n in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n and_o one_o excellent_o conversant_a in_o all_o british_a antiquity_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1588._o dr._n william_n morgan_n first_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n and_o then_o of_o s._n asaph_n undertake_v the_o translation_n of_o the_o whole_a bible_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o s._n asaph_n and_o bangor_n gabriel_n goodman_n dean_n of_o westminster_n david_n powâ—lâ—_n d.d._n edmund_n price_n archdeacon_n of_o merionyth_n and_o richard_n vaâ—ghan_n he_o effectual_o finish_v it_o this_o be_v of_o singular_a profit_n and_o advantage_n to_o the_o welsh_a to_o have_v the_o whole_a scripture_n read_v and_o peruse_v in_o their_o own_o native_a tongue_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o receive_v a_o clear_a demonstration_n of_o the_o corruption_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n when_o they_o see_v many_o of_o their_o principle_n apparent_o contradict_v and_o other_o not_o very_o firm_o found_v upon_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n they_o perceive_v the_o necessity_n and_o advantage_n of_o the_o reformation_n they_o easy_o discover_v that_o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v sound_a and_o orthodox_n and_o that_o they_o be_v now_o happy_o deliver_v from_o that_o popish_a slavery_n which_o their_o forefather_n ignorant_o adore_v and_o therefore_o be_v convince_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o religion_n they_o become_v and_o continue_v general_o very_o strict_a adherent_n and_o firm_a observer_n of_o the_o doctrine_n and_o discipline_n of_o this_o church_n and_o here_o by_o the_o bye_n i_o can_v but_o observe_v what_o a_o reverend_a writer_n have_v late_o insinuate_v relate_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n plant_v in_o wales_n for_o that_o learned_a person_n in_o his_o funeral_n sermon_n upon_o mr._n gouge_n will_v fain_o induce_v the_o world_n to_o believe_v that_o christianity_n be_v very_o corrupt_a and_o imperfect_a among_o the_o welsh_a before_o it_o be_v purify_v by_o that_o who_o he_o term_v apostolical_a man._n whereas_o it_o be_v notorious_o evident_a that_o since_o the_o reformation_n be_v settle_v in_o that_o country_n and_o the_o bible_n with_o the_o book_n of_o common-prayer_n translate_v into_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n no_o place_n have_v be_v more_o exact_a in_o keep_v to_o the_o strict_a rubric_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n of_o
the_o british_a race_n 8._o retire_v to_o alan_n king_n of_o little_a britain_n ibid._n learned_a in_o a_o vision_n to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o there_o shear_v a_o monk_n 10._o cadwallader_n with_o his_o brother_n owen_n gwynedh_n from_o north-wales_n in_o conjunction_n with_o several_a south_n wales_n lord_n make_v a_o horrible_a slaughter_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o south-wales_n 157_o 158._o cadwallader_n force_v to_o flee_v from_o his_o brother_n owen_n to_o ireland_n 163._o return_v with_o irish_a force_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o his_o brother_n make_v prisoner_n by_o the_o irish_a rescue_v by_o his_o brother_n 164._o escapes_n out_o of_o prison_n 171._o fly_n to_o england_n ibid._n his_o death_n and_o issue_n 200._o canterbury_n redeem_v by_o the_o citizen_n from_o be_v burn_v by_o the_o dane_n for_o 3000_o l._n 73._o betray_v afterward_o to_o they_o and_o burn_v 74._o caradoc_n king_n of_o north-wales_n fight_v and_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o saxon_n 21._o his_o pedigree_n ibid._n celibacy_n enjoin_v to_o the_o clergy_n in_o a_o synod_n hold_v at_o london_n 127._o christian_n faith_n pure_a in_o the_o british_a church_n 221._o charles_n duke_n of_o york_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 328._o charles_n elder_a son_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 328._o civil_a war_n in_o wales_n and_o edwal_n son_n of_o meyric_n the_o indisputable_a heir_n set_v up_o in_o north-wales_n 67._o clare_n earl_n of_o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a stronghold_n in_o cardigan_n 177._o clynnoc_n fawr_fw-mi a_o abbey_n in_o arfon_n 11._o when_o and_o by_o who_o build_v 12._o endow_v by_o prince_n anarawd_n 39_o cnute_n the_o dane_n choose_v king_n and_o his_o cruelty_n to_o the_o english_a hostage_n 75._o return_v to_o england_n ibid._n the_o northumber_n submit_v to_o he_o 76._o besieges_n london_n be_v rout_v by_o edmund_n ibid._n combat_n edmund_n agree_v and_o divide_v england_n between_o they_o 78._o generous_o punish_v edmund_n ironside_n murder_n ibid._n marry_v emma_n edelred_n widow_n 80._o require_v a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o english_a ibid._n make_v a_o pompous_a journey_n to_o rome_n 82._o make_v the_o scot_n do_v he_o homage_n ibid._n die_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n harold_n harefoot_n 83._o conel_n prognosticate_a the_o norman_a invasion_n and_o success_n 100_o commotion_n in_o england_n 158._o conâ—n_o war_n between_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n howel_n 22._o dies_z 23._o his_o pedigree_n ibid._n conspiracy_n against_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a detect_v and_o the_o conspirator_n execute_v 104._o constable_n walter_n marry_v nest_n daughter_n and_o have_v the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n 116._o a_o strange_a passage_n relate_v by_o he_o to_o henry_n the_o first_o concern_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ibid._n crogens_n use_v as_o a_o term_n of_o reproach_n by_o the_o english_a to_o the_o welsh_a 223._o no_o reason_n for_o it_o 224._o cynric_a prince_n owen_n son_n slay_v 162._o d._n dane_n begin_v to_o disturb_v england_n 20_o 21._o they_o prevail_v and_o winter_n in_o england_n 28._o they_o take_v and_o destroy_v winchester_n 30._o kill_v osbright_n and_o elba_n king_n of_o northumberland_n 31._o slay_v edmund_n king_n of_o the_o angle_n ibid._n fought_n five_o battle_n with_o ethelred_n ibid._n they_o win_v london_n and_o redding_n 33._o rout_v by_o the_o westsaxons_a 34._o be_v defeat_v by_o alfred_n and_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n 37._o they_o harrass_n north-wales_n 39_o defeat_v by_o the_o armorican_a britain_n ibid._n force_a to_o rise_v from_o before_o exeter_n and_o spoil_v the_o sea-coast_n of_o wales_n 41._o receive_v a_o great_a overthrow_v 42._o they_o grow_v powerful_a not_o only_o in_o england_n but_o also_o in_o ireland_n 44._o thrice_o overthrow_v by_o the_o english_a 45._o cruel_o overthrow_v by_o tottenhale_n 46._o rout_v by_o king_n edward_n 48._o drive_a out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o king_n edmund_n 52._o force_v the_o english_a to_o pay_v the_o dane-gelt_a 65._o make_v a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o wales_n and_o have_v tribute_n pay_v they_o 66._o make_v fresh_a devastation_n in_o wales_n and_o england_n 70._o they_o be_v massacre_v by_o the_o english_a 71._o force_v the_o english_a nobility_n to_o buy_v their_o peace_n for_o 30000_o l._n 72._o they_o beat_v wolfkettel_n 73._o slay_v ethelstan_n and_o ransack_v the_o country_n 74_o dafydh_n ab_fw-la owen_n kill_v his_o brother_n howel_n in_o battle_n and_o gâ—ts_n to_o be_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 195._o secure_v â—is_n brother_n maelgon_n reduce_v anglesey_n and_o banish_v his_o brethren_n 202._o send_v a_o band_n of_o welch_n to_o accompany_v king_n henry_n into_o normandy_n ibid._n be_v dispossess_v by_o his_o elder_a brother_n son_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n 213._o ungrateful_a to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n for_o his_o liberty_n 224._o dafydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n do_v homage_n at_o gloucester_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 259._o be_v excommunicate_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n for_o detain_v his_o brother_n gruffydh_n in_o prison_n who_o he_o refuse_v to_o deliver_v at_o the_o king_n request_n 260._o submit_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 262._o carol_n the_o king_n to_o detain_v his_o brother_n gruffydh_n prisoner_n ibid._n engage_v the_o pope_n on_o his_o side_n against_o the_o king_n but_o he_o prove_v false_a 264._o fight_v the_o english_a often_o with_o various_a success_n ibid._n die_v without_o issue_n 268._o david_n st._n burn_v by_o the_o westsaxons_a 21._o destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n 45._o again_o by_o the_o dane_n 69._o destroy_v by_o stranger_n 107._o the_o cathedral_n sacrilegious_o rob_v 111._o make_a subject_n to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n 125._o dunstan_n st._n bishop_n of_o canterbury_n his_o prediction_n and_o death_n 61._o e._n easter_n the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n quarrel_n about_o the_o observation_n of_o it_o 18_o 19_o edgar_z advance_v to_o the_o kingdom_n in_o his_o brother_n edwin_n room_n 56._o he_o waste_v north-wales_n and_o agree_v for_o a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n ibid._n regulate_v drink_v vessel_n because_o of_o the_o dane_n excess_n 57_o row_v in_o his_o barge_n by_o six_o king_n on_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi 59_o edgar_z edeling_o proclaim_v king_n force_v into_o scotland_n 101._o receive_v to_o king_n william_n mercy_n 103._o edmund_n king_n of_o england_n death_n and_o the_o uncertain_a manner_n of_o it_o 53._o edmund_n ironside_n slay_v by_o edric_n son_n 78._o edwal_n foel_n and_o his_o brother_n elis_n fight_v the_o english_a and_o be_v slay_v 49._o their_o issue_n ibid._n edward_n send_v for_o from_o normandy_n and_o make_v king_n 86_o the_o confessor_n death_n 98._o edward_n i._o king_n of_o england_n invade_v wales_n and_o prevail_v 283._o insist_o upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submission_n without_o reserve_n 292._o set_v prince_n lhewelyn_n head_n upon_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o put_v his_o brother_n david_n to_o death_n 299._o subdue_v all_o wales_n ibid._n keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o aberconwey_a 307._o in_o necessity_n will_v taste_v no_o wine_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o soldier_n 308._o cut_v down_o all_o the_o wood_n in_o wales_n and_o build_v beumaris-castle_n 309._o edward_n of_o caernarvon_n first_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o english_a blood_n 301._o receive_a homage_n at_o chester_n of_o all_o the_o freeholders_n of_o wales_n 310._o go_v far_o into_o the_o country_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n ibid._n edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n ii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 313._o edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n iii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 313_o his_o character_n and_o death_n 314._o edward_n son_n to_o henry_n vi_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 323._o murder_v ibid._n edward_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n edward_n vi_o create_a prince_n of_o walts_n murder_v 223._o edward_n vi_o incline_v to_o favour_v the_o welsh_a 323._o edward_n son_n to_o richard_n iii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 324._o edward_n son_n to_o henry_n viii_o create_a prince_n of_o wales_n 325._o edwin_n king_n of_o england_n vicious_a dispossess_v and_o die_v 56._o egbert_n sole_a monarch_n in_o britain_n 25._o call_v the_o country_n england_n ibid._n he_o fight_v the_o dane_n 26._o eincon_n invite_v the_o norman_n into_o wales_n and_o persuade_v they_o to_o stay_v 112_o elfleda_n mercian_n queen_n her_o valiant_a act_n both_o against_o the_o dane_n and_o welch_n 46._o her_o death_n 47._o leave_v a_o daughter_n alfwyden_n disinherit_v by_o king_n edward_n ibid._n ethelwulph_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a pay_v peterpence_n to_o rome_n 29._o learned_a and_o devout_a ibid._n eye_n of_o several_a pluck_v out_o a_o barbarous_a custom_n 155._o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n invade_v wales_n 16._o in_o conjunction_n with_o adelred_n overthrow_v the_o britain_n ibid._n f._n flanders_n a_o part_n of_o it_o drown_v prejudicial_a to_o
the_o welsh_a 128._o flemings_n settle_v in_o part_n of_o wales_n 128._o g._n gallio_n rout_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n 2._o build_v a_o wall_n across_o the_o land_n ibid._n gam_n sir_n david_n imprison_v by_o owen_n glyndyfwr_n and_o release_v 321._o revolt_v from_o owen_n ibid._n his_o answer_n in_o france_n to_o henry_n v._o concern_v the_o french_a army_n mortal_o wound_v at_o agincourt_n knight_v and_o die_v 322._o gavelkind_a that_o custom_n in_o wales_n 22._o geoffrey_n of_o monmouth_n make_v bishop_n of_o st._n david_n 171._o glamorgan_n lordship_n describe_v 314._o the_o best_a of_o it_o fitzhamon_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o norman_n keep_v to_o himself_o 115._o godwyn_n earl_n rebel_n against_o king_n edward_n 89._o invade_v the_o land_n and_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 90._o dies_z sudden_o sit_v at_o the_o king_n table_n 91._o grace_n reginald_n lord_n of_o ruthyn_n take_v prisoner_n by_o owen_n glyndyfwr_n and_o ransom_v 316_o 317._o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n declare_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 84._o his_o country_n invade_v by_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n and_o rout_v by_o he_o 85._o reduce_v all_o wales_n under_o his_o subjection_n ibid._n rout_n howel_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n at_o pencader_n ibid._n take_a prisoner_n by_o the_o irish_a under_o the_o command_n of_o jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n and_o recover_v by_o his_o own_o man_n 87._o overcome_v and_o slay_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhyderch_n and_o his_o army_n etc._n etc._n ibid._n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o harold_n king_n edward_n general_n 94._o his_o palace_n at_o ruthlan_n burn_v by_o the_o english_a ibid._n prince_n gruffydh_n murder_v by_o harold_n contrivance_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v 30_o year_n 95._o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n confirm_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n 109._o refuse_v at_o first_o a_o accommodation_n with_o king_n henry_n at_o last_o sue_v and_o obtain_v peace_n 141._o caressed_a by_o the_o king_n and_o promise_v to_o deliver_v up_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n 143._o dies_fw-la 158._o his_o issue_n 159._o gruffydh_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n lay_v claim_v to_o south-wales_n 143._o fly_n to_o north-wales_n 143._o wish_a with_o his_o brother_n howel_n to_o withdraw_v into_o south-wales_n 144._o force_a to_o bid_v open_a defiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n ibid._n the_o fleming_n and_o welsh_a lord_n join_v together_o to_o oppose_v he_o 145._o he_o take_v caermardhyn_n 146._o invite_v to_o the_o government_n of_o cardiganshire_n ibid._n succeed_v 147._o war_n at_o aberystwyth_n 148._o invidious_o dispossess_v of_o his_o estate_n 154._o dies_z 158._o gruffydh_fw-mi son_n to_o the_o lord_n rhys_n succeed_v his_o father_n 116._o plague_v with_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n 219._o a_o hopeful_a prince_n dies_z 222._o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gwynedh_fw-mi bury_v in_o a_o monk_n cowl_n the_o superstition_n of_o it_o 221._o gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n david_n brother_n endeavour_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n break_v his_o neck_n 263._o his_o body_n recover_v and_o convey_v to_o conwey_n and_o honourable_o bury_v 270._o gruffydh_n llwyd_n knight_v by_o king_n edward_n i._o rebel_n 311._o treat_v with_o sir_n robert_n bruce_n for_o succour_n against_o the_o english_a with_o his_o letter_n to_o he_o ibid._n overruns_a north-wales_n and_o the_o march_n and_o be_v take_v prisoner_n 313._o gurmundus_fw-la a_o norwegian_a from_o ireland_n invade_v britain_n 7._o gwenwynwyn_n worsted_n by_o the_o english_a 218._o refuse_v homage_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n 222._o at_o last_o consent_n to_o it_o 223._o detain_v prisoner_n at_o shrewsbury_n 225._o set_a at_o liberty_n re-gain_n his_o country_n 228._o revolt_v from_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o be_v dispossess_v 242._o h._n harold_n succeed_v canute_n his_o brother_n in_o england_n 83._o dies_z and_o be_v succeed_v by_o hardi_n canute_n his_o brother_n 85._o harold_n favour_n with_o the_o king_n envy_v by_o his_o brother_n tosty_o who_o barbarous_o murder_v his_o man_n at_o his_o house_n in_o hereford_n and_o his_o say_v 7._o make_a king_n 98._o slay_a 100_o haste_v a_o dane_n invade_v france_n 40._o his_o policy_n to_o obtain_v limogis_n 41._o his_o cruelty_n ibid._n henry_n i._n his_o partiality_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o norman_n 127._o make_v his_o brother_n robert_n prisoner_n and_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n 128._o kind_a to_o cadwgan_n the_o father_n of_o owen_n 132_o invade_v wales_n with_o three_o army_n 140._o overcome_v the_o french_a king_n 151._o lose_a his_o child_n at_o sea_n and_o marry_v 152._o invade_v wales_n in_o danger_n ibid._n agree_v with_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o return_n 153._o his_o death_n and_o successor_n 156._o henry_n ii_o send_v the_o fleming_n into_o west-wales_n 173._o invite_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o wales_n ibid._n repulse_v and_o in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n 174._o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o prince_n owen_n 175._o quarrel_n and_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o france_n 187._o invade_v wales_n and_o bring_v prince_n rhys_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n 188._o invade_v wales_n again_o with_o a_o most_o potent_a army_n 190._o return_v without_o any_o thing_n memorable_a and_o for_o revenge_n put_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o hostage_n 191._o make_v a_o three_o expedition_n into_o wales_n to_o as_o little_a purpose_n ibid._n pass_n through_o wales_n receive_v homage_n of_o prince_n rhys_n in_o his_o way_n to_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n 198_o 199._o return_v through_o wales_n and_o incline_v to_o leave_v it_o in_o a_o peaceable_a condition_n 199_o 200._o engage_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n against_o his_o son_n henry_n 201._o make_v a_o peace_n with_o france_n and_o his_o child_n force_v to_o submit_v 202._o dies_z 209._o henry_n iii_o king_n of_o england_n invade_v wales_n and_o be_v worsted_n 251._o invade_v wales_n again_o 254._o make_v henry_n of_o mâ—nmouth_n his_o general_n against_o the_o welsh_a but_o with_o in_o suâ—â—ess_n 255_o lament_n the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n 256._o invade_v wales_n and_o make_v prince_n david_n to_o submit_v 261_o 2_o 2_o invade_v wales_n 263._o fight_v the_o welsh_a with_o no_o success_n and_o invite_v the_o irish_a into_o anglesey_n 265._o oppress_v wales_n and_o return_v dissatisfy_v 269_o 270._o item_n 274._o waste_v the_o border_n 275._o require_v a_o subsidy_n to_o subdue_v wales_n 276._o dies_fw-la 280._o henry_n elder_a son_n to_o henry_n iv_o create_v prince_n of_o w._n 318._o henry_n iv_o make_v unmerciful_a law_n against_o the_o welsh_a 319._o henry_n duke_n of_o york_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 324._o henry_n vii_o grant_v the_o welsh_v a_o charter_n of_o liberty_n and_o direct_v a_o commission_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o birth_n and_o quality_n of_o his_o grandfather_n owen_n tudor_n 325._o henry_n viii_o incorporate_v the_o welsh_a with_o the_o english_a 326._o henry_n elder_a son_n to_o king_n james_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 328._o howel_n dha_n prefer_v to_o be_v prince_n of_o all_o wales_n 50._o his_o law_n ibid._n go_v to_o rome_n to_o have_v they_o confirm_v 51._o his_o death_n and_o issue_n 53._o howel_n ap_fw-mi jevan_fw-mi expel_v his_o uncle_n jago_n and_o take_v the_o government_n of_o wales_n upon_o he_o â—9_n at_o last_o agree_v 60._o kill_v edwal_n fychan_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o ibid._n overthrow_v the_o dane_n 61._o invade_v england_n and_o be_v slay_v 62._o he_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n cadwalhan_n who_o be_v quick_o slay_v 63._o howel_n and_o meredith_n prince_n lhewelyn_n murderer_n invite_v the_o irish_a scot_n into_o south-wales_n 82._o slay_v rhydderch_n and_o take_v the_o government_n 83._o meredith_n slay_v by_o the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n ibid._n howel_n attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o south-wales_n be_v overcome_v and_o slay_v by_o prince_n gruffydh_n near_o tywy-head_n 87._o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n drive_v out_o of_o rydcors_n castle_n by_o the_o norman_n 126._o base_o betray_v to_o they_o and_o murder_v 127._o howel_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi win_v the_o castle_n of_o ewyas_n 167._o with_o his_o brother_n conan_n quarrel_n with_o their_o uncle_n cadwallader_n besiege_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o cynfael_n from_o he_o 168._o make_v cadwallader_n his_o prisoner_n and_o possess_v his_o land_n ib._n he_o lose_v all_o his_o country_n to_o cadelh_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi who_o put_v the_o garrison_n of_o llanâ—hystyd_n to_o the_o sword_n 169._o i._o iago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n recover_v his_o right_n to_o north-wales_n 82._o slay_a in_o battle_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n 84._o ifor_n send_v into_o britain_n with_o a_o army_n by_o his_o father_n alan_n 13._o rout_n the_o saxon_n ibid._n marry_v ethelburga_n â—entwyn's_n cousin_n and_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o west-saxon_a kingdom_n 14._o found_v glastenbury-abby_n ib._n dye_v at_o rome_n 15._o john_n archdeacon_n of_o llanbadarn_n die_v and_o be_v
leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n 217._o owen_n glendwr_n his_o family_n education_n and_o employment_n 315._o oppose_v by_o the_o lord_n ruthyn_n without_o redress_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v he_o prisoner_n 316._o prevail_v take_v the_o earl_n of_o march_n prisoner_n 317._o retake_v aberystwyth_n castle_n 319._o summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o machynlleth_n 320._o secure_v david_n gam_n upon_o a_o suspicion_n of_o a_o design_n he_o have_v to_o murder_v he_o 321._o burn_v his_o house_n and_o his_o verse_n upon_o it_o ibid._n p._n patent_n of_o land_n grant_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n 302._o commons_o address_v upon_o it_o 303._o king_n answer_v 304._o peckham_n john_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n llewelyn_n and_o his_o brother_n with_o the_o king_n 286._o his_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n 287_o 288_o 289_o 290._o solicit_v the_o king_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o welsh_a 291._o send_v article_n to_o the_o welsh_a 292._o excommunicate_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o adherent_n 297._o peace_n in_o general_n between_o england_n and_o wales_n except_o with_o prince_n rhys_n who_o be_v force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n 176._o unjust_o deal_v with_o 177._o powis_n prince_n of_o removes_z his_o seat_n from_o pengwern_n to_o mathraval_n 20._o a_o account_n of_o it_o while_o a_o principality_n and_o a_o lordship_n with_o the_o several_a division_n and_o possessor_n thereof_o whether_o of_o british_a or_o english_a blood_n 175_o to_o 185._o r._n rebellion_n in_o the_o north_n cause_v by_o earl_n tosty_n insolence_n 97._o appease_v 98._o rhydderch_n seize_v upon_o south-wales_n 82._o rhydderch_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o south-wales_n 88_o rhys_n brother_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n take_v by_o the_o english_a and_o put_v to_o death_n at_o bulendun_v 91._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n joint_o govern_v south-wales_n 105._o the_o latter_a die_v 106._o a_o rebellion_n against_o the_o other_o ibid._n invade_v also_o from_o north-wales_n fly_n pursued_z and_o slay_v 187._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n allow_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n as_o lawful_a heir_n 107._o a_o rebellion_n form_v against_o he_o fly_v into_o ireland_n return_n and_o defeat_v his_o enemy_n 110._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 111._o slay_a near_o brecknock_n in_o a_o fight_n against_o the_o invade_a norman_n and_o his_o own_o rebellious_a subject_n 112._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n of_o south-wales_n take_v llanymddyfri_n castle_n 177._o subdue_v cardigan_n 178._o give_v henry_n ii_o hostage_n to_o observe_v the_o peace_n make_v between_o they_o ib._n besieges_n carmarthen_n then_o force_v to_o quit_v it_o 179._o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a land_n belong_v to_o foreigner_n in_o wales_n as_o do_v other_o according_o to_o his_o example_n 189._o take_v aberteifi_n castle_n and_o raze_v it_o 191._o subdue_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n 197._o bring_v the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n at_o enmity_n with_o k._n henry_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n 203._o make_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o christmas_n at_o aberteifi_n where_o the_o bard_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n strive_v for_o the_o mastery_n 205_o 206._o take_v advantage_n upon_o king_n henry_n death_n to_o enlarge_v his_o country_n 209._o his_o family_n diminish_v 210._o make_a prisoner_n by_o his_o own_o son_n 211._o escape_n 212._o take_v two_o of_o his_o son_n prisoner_n 214._o enlarges_n his_o conquest_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a and_o norman_n 214_o 215._o dies_z his_o character_n and_o issue_n 216._o rhys_n fychan_n take_v lhanymdhysri_n castle_n 227._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 239._o do_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 145._o dies_fw-la 147._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n unfaithful_a to_o his_o country_n 304._o knight_v by_o king_n edward_n revolt_v â—05_n defeat_v take_v prisoner_n and_o execute_v 306._o rhythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 122._o richard_n king_n of_o england_n feast_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n 210._o take_a prisoner_n in_o austria_n ibid._n died_n of_o his_o wound_n receive_v at_o chalons_n in_o france_n 219._o richard_z of_o bourdeaux_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 315._o robert_n cyrthois_n rebel_v against_o his_o father_n in_o normandy_n 110._o robert_n earl_n of_o salop_n rebel_n against_o henry_n i._n 122._o engage_v the_o welsh_a in_o the_o quarrel_n 123._o seek_v aid_n of_o magnus_n harold_n son_n and_o fail_v banish_v with_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n into_o normandy_n 124._o robert_n de_fw-fr belissimo_fw-la a_o great_a disturber_n of_o the_o welsh_a commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n by_o king_n henry_n 139._o roderic_n molwynoc_n succeed_v ifor_n anno_fw-la 720.15_o drive_a by_o the_o saxon_n out_o of_o the_o western_a country_n to_o his_o inheritance_n in_o north-wales_n 17._o dye_v soon_o after_o 18._o roderic_n the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 27._o beat_v the_o dane_n out_o of_o his_o country_n â—3_n fight_v the_o english_a anâ—_n with_o his_o brother_n gwyriad_n it_o slain_n 34._o his_o pedigree_n and_o division_n of_o wales_n between_o iâ—â—â—_n three_o son_n ibid._n his_o imprudence_n herein_o 36._o s._n saxons_n their_o answer_n to_o the_o british_a message_n 5._o they_o first_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n 6._o enter_v into_o league_n with_o the_o scot_n ib._n they_o encroach_v upon_o the_o britain_n 19â—_n scot_n and_o pict_n invade_v britain_n 1_o sâ—ward_o earl_n his_o say_v upon_o his_o son_n be_v slay_v in_o battle_n 19_o his_o soldierly_a temper_n at_o his_o â—earâ—_n 92._o south_n wales_n invade_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n by_o jeâ—af_n and_o 〈◊〉_d prince_n of_o north-wales_n â—5_n they_o quarre_n and_o 〈◊〉_d consequence_n of_o it_o 57_o embroiled_a 〈◊〉_d between_o rhyâ—_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n and_o the_o former_a support_v by_o the_o english_a 235_o 236._o stephen_n king_n of_o england_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n of_o scotâ—_n 157._o ravages_n scotland_n 160._o suppress_v injury_n â—â—ons_n at_o home_o and_o â—ouâ—s_v the_o scot_n by_o his_o lieutenant_n 161._o besieges_n arundel_n castle_n in_o vain_a 162._o take_v lincoln_n be_v defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n ibid._n exchange_v for_o earl_n robert_n and_o overthrow_v a_o second_o time_n at_o wilton_n 163._o win_v the_o battle_n of_o farendon_n agree_v with_o henry_n the_o empress_n son_n and_o die_v 172._o steward_n the_o family_n and_o their_o original_a 91_o 92._o sulien_n archb_n shop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 111._o sulien_n a_o learned_a man_n of_o llanbadarn_n die_v 165._o swain_n the_o dane_n waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man._n land_n in_o north-wales_n 68_o kill_v edwal_n prince_n of_o the_o country_n ib._n his_o success_n in_o england_n and_o esteem_v king_n hereof_o 74_o 75._o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n invade_v england_n and_o take_v york_n 102._o force_v to_o fly_v ibid._n t._n trahern_n fychan_n strange_o hang_v 217._o trahern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n make_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 105._o his_o country_n invade_v from_o ireland_n by_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n the_o right_a heir_n ibid._n they_o fight_v and_o trahern_n with_o his_o cousin_n worsted_n and_o all_o slay_v 108._o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 48._o tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n his_o family_n will_v be_v sâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d knight_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o to_o king_n edward_n iii_o who_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o 314._o v._o vortigern_n invite_v the_o saxon_n into_o britain_n 5._o vortimer_n repel_v the_o saxon_n 7._o w._n wales_n waste_v by_o the_o merciâ—â—s_v 24._o by_o king_n egbert_n ibid._n divide_v into_o three_o province_n 27._o invade_v by_o the_o english_a 52._o forcible_o manage_v by_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n only_o 56._o afflict_a by_o the_o dane_n and_o a_o murrain_n 65._o give_v hostage_n to_o pay_v the_o ancient_a tribute_n 95._o seldom_o govern_v by_o the_o right_a heir_n 109._o waste_v by_o the_o english_a as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n 121._o embroil_a with_o civil_a division_n 151._o item_n 153_o 154._o in_o great_a scarcity_n 276._o annnext_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 300._o walwey_n king_n arthur_n nephew_n his_o tomb_n find_v who_o body_n be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a length_n 110._o welsh_a quarrel_n among_o themselves_o 22._o ibid._n 23._o they_o defeat_v the_o mercian_n at_o conwey_n and_o call_v it_o dial_n rhodri_n 38._o disable_v the_o dane_n and_o english_a that_o invade_v they_o then_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o 61._o too_o late_o see_v the_o folly_n of_o foreign_a aid_n 114._o miserable_o slaughter_v 130_o 131._o be_v at_o peace_n from_o abroad_o they_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o destroy_v one_o another_o 208._o complain_v to_o their_o prince_n of_o their_o oppression_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o beat_v by_o the_o english_a 279._o worst_a the_o english_a 297_o 298._o beat_v in_o buelht_n ibid._n revolt_v because_o of_o a_o heavy_a tax_n from_o edward_n i._n every_o where_o 306._o beat_v the_o english_a 307._o take_v the_o king_n carriage_n ibid._n rout_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n 308._o beat_v the_o marcher_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overcome_v and_o their_o leader_n madoc_n make_v prisoner_n 309._o welsh_a minstrel_n reform_v whereof_o be_v three_o sort_n 159._o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n 98._o land_n at_o hastings_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a 100_o william_n i._o go_v with_o a_o army_n on_o pilgrimage_n to_o s._n david_n 100_o william_n rufus_n invade_v the_o welsh_a without_o success_n 118._o item_n 120._o kill_v 122._o finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o and_o sell_v by_o robert_n clauâ—â—â—_n the_o plausible_a argument_n of_o a_o roman_n catholic_n answer_v by_o a_o english_a protestant_n in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n price_n 4_o d._n the_o church-history_n clear_v from_o the_o roman_a forgery_n and_o corruption_n find_v in_o the_o council_n and_o baronius_n in_o four_o part_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o christianity_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o general_n council_n by_o thomas_n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o a_o historical_a vindication_n of_o the_o diviâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d of_o tithe_n from_o scripture_n reasoâ—_n 〈◊〉_d opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o jew_n goâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d christian_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o discourse_n concern_v excommunication_n by_o tho._n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o
bury_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o gutryn_n owen_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n iu._n and_o write_v the_o most_o exact_a and_o perfect_a copy_n of_o the_o same_o all_o the_o most_o notable_a occurrence_n be_v thus_o register_v in_o these_o abbey_n be_v most_o general_o compare_v together_o every_o three_o year_n when_o the_o beirdh_n or_o bard_n belong_v to_o these_o two_o house_n go_v their_o ordinary_a visitation_n which_o be_v call_v clera_n and_o this_o continue_a until_o the_o year_n 1270._o a_o little_a before_o the_o death_n of_o the_o last_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v slay_v at_o buelht_n humphrey_n lloyd_n gent._n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n viii_o and_o one_o great_o skill_a in_o the_o british_a antiquity_n continue_v this_o history_n to_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o afterward_o have_v translate_v the_o whole_a into_o english_a language_n have_v design_v to_o commit_v it_o to_o the_o press_n but_o his_o death_n prevent_v what_o he_o purpose_v and_o stop_v the_o publication_n of_o this_o history_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o until_o david_n powel_n d._n d._n in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n have_v meet_v with_o humphrey_n lloyd_n transtation_n collect_v what_o he_o can_v out_o of_o english_a historian_n which_o he_o add_v by_o way_n of_o annotation_n and_o so_o publish_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1584._o this_o be_v the_o sole_a history_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o the_o only_a edition_n of_o this_o history_n i_o be_v move_v to_o prepare_v it_o for_o another_o impression_n by_o a_o new_a model_v the_o language_n make_v the_o body_n of_o the_o history_n entire_a without_o trouble_v the_o reader_n to_o see_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o way_n of_o annotation_n dr._n powel_n note_n be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n but_o a_o repetition_n of_o the_o same_o matter_n of_o fact_n out_o of_o the_o english_a historian_n with_o what_o other_o improvement_n can_v be_v make_v the_o addition_n which_o i_o make_v to_o the_o former_a history_n i_o chief_o take_v out_o of_o the_o note_n of_o that_o late_a great_a antiquarian_a mr._n robert_n vaughan_n of_o hengwrt_n by_o who_o help_n also_o i_o have_v correct_v supply_v and_o continue_v the_o chronology_n sir_n john_n price_n description_n of_o wales_n will_v pretty_a well_o answer_v the_o geographical_a part_n of_o this_o history_n till_o we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o recover_v and_o fix_v several_a of_o those_o place_n who_o name_n be_v only_o leave_v to_o we_o at_o present_a which_o we_o have_v great_a hope_n will_v be_v successful_o perfect_v by_o the_o unwearied_a labour_n of_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n edward_n lhwyd_n in_o his_o intend_a etymological_a dictionary_n i_o have_v add_v by_o way_n of_o appendix_n the_o several_a record_n belong_v to_o this_o history_n and_o choose_v rather_o to_o insert_v the_o article_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o john_n peckam_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n in_o the_o original_a with_o reference_n thereunto_o than_o to_o insert_v all_o the_o grievance_n which_o the_o welsh_a then_o make_v in_o the_o english_a language_n which_o do_v not_o so_o bandsom_o bear_v a_o translation_n a_o description_n of_o cambria_n now_o call_v wales_n draw_v first_o by_o sir_n john_n price_n knight_n and_o afterward_o augment_v and_o make_v perfect_a by_o humphrey_n lloyd_n gentleman_n the_o three_o son_n of_o brutus_n have_v divide_v the_o whole_a isle_n of_o britain_n into_o three_o part_n that_o part_n contain_v within_o the_o french_a sea_n with_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n call_v in_o british_a hafren_n dea_n and_o humber_n fall_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n lorinus_n which_o be_v after_o his_o name_n call_v lhoyger_n which_o name_v it_o have_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n to_o this_o day_n and_o in_o english_a now_o it_o be_v call_v england_n and_o 〈◊〉_d augment_v northward_o to_o the_o river_n tweed_n the_o â—econd_a son_n albanactus_n have_v all_o the_o land_n northward_o from_o humber_n to_o the_o sea_n orkney_n call_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n mor_fw-mi werydh_fw-mi and_o in_o the_o latin_a mare_n calodonioum_n the_o three_o son_n camber_n have_v to_o his_o part_n all_o that_o which_o remain_v undivided_a lie_v within_o the_o spanish_a and_o irish_a sea_n cambria_n cambria_n and_o separate_v from_o england_n with_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o dee_n and_o this_o part_n be_v after_o his_o name_n call_v cambria_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o cambry_a and_o their_o language_n camberaâ—c_n and_o so_o be_v at_o this_o day_n so_o that_o they_o have_v keep_v the_o same_o country_n and_o language_n this_o 2700_o and_o odd_a year_n without_o commixtion_n with_o any_o other_o nation_n especial_o in_o north-wales_n as_o it_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v and_o because_o the_o name_n of_o this_o country_n be_v change_v or_o rather_o mistake_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n and_o not_o by_o they_o call_v cambry_a but_o wales_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o declare_v the_o occasion_n thereof_o which_o be_v that_o where_o the_o saxon_n a_o people_n of_o germany_n be_v the_o first_o that_o after_o the_o britain_n inhabit_a and_o rule_v the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o isle_n and_o drive_v the_o britain_n to_o that_o corner_n which_o according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o country_n they_o call_v wales_n and_o the_o people_n welshman_n and_o the_o tongue_n welch_n that_o be_v to_o say_v strange_a or_o not_o of_o they_o understand_v for_o at_o this_o day_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o low_a country_n call_v their_o next_o neighbour_n language_n of_o henegaw_n or_o other_o that_o speak_v french_a welsh_a as_o a_o language_n to_o they_o unknown_a likewise_o the_o dweller_n of_o tyroll_n and_o other_o the_o high_a country_n of_o germany_n do_v name_n the_o italian_a their_o next_o neighbour_n a_o welshman_n and_o his_o language_n walsh_n and_o this_o be_v a_o evident_a proof_n that_o they_o which_o harp_v upon_o a_o queen_n gwalaes_n and_o of_o a_o prince_n wala_n of_o who_o neither_o british_a latin_a nor_o english_a history_n make_v mention_v be_v foul_o deceive_v and_o so_o likewise_o be_v a_o great_a historiographer_n of_o late_a day_n which_o say_v that_o it_o be_v call_v wallia_fw-la quasi_fw-la italia_n because_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o remain_v in_o the_o isle_n be_v drive_v thither_o neither_o be_v this_o any_o new_a invention_n although_o polydore_n virgil_n with_o a_o italian_a brag_n do_v glorify_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o first_o that_o espy_v it_o out_o for_o divers_a ancient_a writer_n do_v allege_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o the_o name_n of_o wales_n of_o who_o sylvester_n gyraldus_n be_v one_o who_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o after_o the_o conquest_n before_o 380_o year_n pass_v which_o be_v a_o evident_a token_n that_o the_o say_v polydore_n do_v either_o neâ—er_n see_v nor_o read_v the_o ancient_a history_n of_o this_o realm_n â—r_o dissemble_v the_o same_o to_o the_o advancement_n and_o praise_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n which_o to_o the_o â—earned_a and_o indifferent_a reader_n shall_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o â—nly_a occasion_n he_o take_v that_o work_n in_o hand_n for_o all_o his_o â—ook_n redound_v only_o to_o the_o praise_n and_o honour_n of_o â—he_n roman_n as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o temporal_a and_o to_o â—lase_v forth_o their_o act_n and_o deed_n within_o this_o realm_n â—nd_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n do_v either_o open_o slander_n â—r_o else_o privy_o extenuate_v or_o shameful_o deny_v the_o marâ—ial_a prowess_n and_o noble_a act_n as_o well_o of_o saxon_n dane_n â—nd_n norman_n as_o of_o the_o britain_n all_o inhabiter_n of_o this_o â—sle_n which_o thing_n he_o that_o lift_v to_o prove_v let_v he_o read_v â—nd_n confer_v caesar_n commentary_n cornelius_n tacitus_n herodianus_n and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n as_o well_o in_o latin_a as_o in_o greek_a with_o his_o work_n as_o for_o the_o antiâ—ent_a writer_n of_o the_o british_a history_n as_o the_o british_a chronicle_n the_o history_n of_o gildas_n ponticus_n vorunnius_n â—ea_o the_o golden_a work_n of_o matthew_n paris_n monk_n of_o st._n alban_n which_o write_v from_o william_n bastard_n to_o the_o â—ast_a year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o i_o dare_v well_o say_v he_o â—ever_o see_v they_o they_o be_v in_o divers_a place_n to_o be_v have_v â—o_o that_o the_o truth_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v to_o make_v â—n_a end_n i_o say_v that_o he_o be_v first_o a_o stranger_n bear_v and_o also_o ignorant_a as_o well_o in_o the_o history_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o â—f_o those_o tongue_n and_o language_n wherein_o the_o same_o be_v write_v can_v never_o set_v forth_o the_o true_a and_o perfect_a chronicle_n of_o the_o same_o but_o he_o have_v a_o good_a grace_n and_o a_o pleasant_a style_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n and_o find_v himself_o in_o a_o country_n
fight_v withâ—â—_n and_o rahald_v be_v slay_v and_o the_o rest_n compel_v to_o â—â—swear_v the_o king_n land_n and_o never_o to_o return_v any_o â—ore_o to_o england_n king_n edward_n to_o prevent_v any_o fuâ—â—re_a disturbance_n from_o such_o open_a invader_n cause_v a_o â—â—rong_a army_n to_o be_v quarter_v upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o â—â—vern_n but_o the_o dane_n for_o all_o he_o can_v do_v enter_v â—â—vice_n into_o his_o country_n once_o at_o werd_n and_o then_o at_o â—ortogan_n but_o be_v both_o time_n overthrow_v by_o the_o â—nglish_fw-fr from_o thence_o they_o depart_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o â—â—epen_v whence_o they_o be_v force_v by_o hunger_n to_o sail_v to_o â—outh_n wales_n intend_v to_o make_v a_o considerable_a prey_n of_o â—hat_n country_n but_o fail_v of_o their_o aim_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o their_o way_n for_o ireland_n but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o party_n of_o dane_n fight_v a_o very_a â—evere_a battle_n with_o the_o kentish-man_n at_o holm_n but_o which_o of_o they_o obtain_v the_o victory_n be_v not_o certain_o â—eported_v about_o the_o same_o time_n anarawd_n prince_n of_o a.d._n 913_o north_n wales_n died_z leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n foel_n and_o elis_n and_o some_o say_v a_o three_o name_v meyric_n edwal_n foel_n after_o the_o death_n of_o anarawd_n his_o elder_a son_n edwal_n foel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n howel_n dha_n hold_v the_o principality_n of_o southwales_n and_o powis_n at_o what_o time_n a_o terrible_a comet_n appear_v in_o the_o heaven_n the_o same_o year_n the_o city_n of_o chester_n which_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n be_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o elfleda_n new_o build_v and_o repair_v as_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o city_n do_v â—â—stifie_v this_o in_o the_o ancient_a copy_n be_v call_v leycestâ—â—_n by_o a_o easy_a mistake_n for_o legecestria_fw-la or_o chester_n callâ—â—_n by_o the_o roman_n legionum_fw-la cestria_fw-la the_o next_o summer_n the_o man_n of_o dublin_n cruel_o destroy_v the_o isle_n 〈◊〉_d anglesey_n and_o soon_o after_o clydawe_n the_o son_n of_o caâ—â—â—_n be_v unnatural_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n meyric_n about_o tâ—â—_n same_o time_n that_o the_o dane_n receive_v a_o cruel_a overthroâ—â—_n by_o the_o english_a at_o tottenhale_n but_o elfleda_n do_v 〈◊〉_d long_o survive_v the_o rebuild_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n a_o woman_n of_o singular_a virtue_n and_o one_o that_o greaâ—â—â—_n strengthen_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n by_o build_v of_o town_n and_o castle_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o tâ—â—_n danes_n as_o strengat_fw-la and_o bruge_n by_o the_o forest_n 〈◊〉_d morph_n tamworth_n stafford_n edelburgh_n cherenburgâ—_n wadeburgh_n and_o runcofe_n after_o this_o she_o enter_v wâ—â—_n her_o whole_a army_n into_o wales_n wan_a brecknock_n 〈◊〉_d take_v the_o queen_n with_o 33_o of_o her_o man_n prisoner_n which_v in_o welch_n be_v call_v gwaith_n y_o ddinas_fw-la newydh_n 〈◊〉_d the_o battle_n of_o the_o new_a city_n from_o hence_o she_o march_v for_o derby_n which_o she_o take_v from_o the_o dane_n losâ—_n only_o four_o of_o her_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o action_n the_o occasion_n of_o these_o two_o expedition_n according_a 〈◊〉_d some_o be_v this_o huganus_n lord_n of_o west_n wales_n perceive_v king_n edward_n to_o be_v unavoidable_o busy_a in_o thâ—_n danish_n war_n gather_v a_o army_n of_o britain_n and_o â—â—tring_v into_o england_n destroy_v the_o king_n countâ—â—_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o this_o elfleda_n come_v to_o wales_n witâ—_n a_o great_a army_n fight_v with_o the_o welsh_a at_o breek_n and_o put_v huganus_n to_o flight_n take_v his_o wife_n anâ—_n some_o of_o his_o man_n prisoner_n who_o she_o carry_v wiâ—â—_n she_o to_o mercia_n huganus_n be_v thus_o defeat_v flee_v 〈◊〉_d derby_n and_o be_v there_o kind_o receive_v join_v himself_o with_o the_o king_n enemy_n the_o dane_n elfleda_n be_v certify_v of_o that_o follow_v he_o with_o her_o army_n but_o in_o storm_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n have_v four_o 〈◊〉_d her_o best_a officer_n kill_v by_o huganus_n but_o gwyane_a loâ—_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n her_o steward_n set_v fire_n to_o thâ—_n gate_n furious_o run_v upon_o the_o britain_n and_o entereâ—_n the_o town_n upon_o which_o haganus_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v overmatched_a choose_v rather_o to_o fall_v by_o the_o sword_n â—â—an_z cowardly_a to_o yield_v himself_o to_o a_o woman_n the_o â—ext_a year_n elfleda_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o leicester_n which_o be_v quick_o surrender_v and_o the_o dane_n thereâ—â—_n perfect_o subdue_v the_o fame_n of_o these_o several_a action_n be_v noise_v abroad_o her_o neighbour_n become_v somewhat_o fearful_a and_o timorous_a and_o the_o yorkshireâ—â—n_n voluntary_o do_v her_o homage_n and_o proffer_v their_o service_n she_o die_v at_o tamworth_n after_o eight_o year_n â—ule_a over_o mercia_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o gloucester_n by_o s._n peter_n after_o the_o death_n of_o elfleda_n king_n edward_n most_o ungrateful_o disinherit_v her_o daughter_n alfwyen_v and_o entere_v into_o mercia_n seize_v all_o the_o land_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n upon_o pretence_n that_o she_o without_o his_o knowledge_n who_o her_o mother_n have_v appoint_v her_o guardian_n have_v privy_o promise_v and_o contract_a marriage_n with_o reynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o this_o unâ—ust_n and_o unnatural_a action_n of_o king_n edward_n may_v possible_o bring_v upon_o he_o those_o vehement_a trouble_n which_o present_o ensue_v upon_o it_o for_o leofr_v a_o dane_n â—nd_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n brother_n in_o law_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o west_n wales_n come_v from_o ireland_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o snowdon_n and_o mind_v to_o bring_v all_o wales_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o to_o their_o subjection_n overran_a and_o subdue_v all_o the_o country_n to_o chester_n before_o king_n edward_n be_v certify_v of_o their_o arrival_n whereat_o be_v sore_o offend_v and_o loath_a to_o trouble_v his_o subject_n for_o help_n vow_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n with_o their_o single_a force_n will_v be_v revenge_v upon_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n and_o thereupon_o march_v to_o chester_n force_v the_o city_n from_o they_o then_o he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o too_o battle_n whereof_o he_o and_o his_o son_n ethelstan_n lead_v the_o first_o edmund_z and_o edred_n the_o second_o and_o follow_v they_o so_o close_o that_o he_o overtake_v they_o at_o the_o forest_n of_o walewode_n now_o sherwode_n where_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n set_v upon_o they_o so_o fierce_o that_o the_o king_n at_o first_o be_v in_o some_o danger_n until_o athelstane_n step_v in_o and_o wound_v the_o dane_n in_o the_o arm_n in_o that_o manner_n that_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o hold_v his_o spear_n the_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o atholstâ—ne_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n edmund_n and_o edred_n encounter_v with_o gruffydh_n slay_v he_o and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o their_o father_n and_o leofreds_n head_n be_v likewise_o cut_v off_o they_o be_v both_o set_v up_o upon_o the_o town_n of_o chester_n and_o than_o edward_n together_o with_o his_o son_n victorious_o return_v home_o but_o king_n edward_n have_v a.d._n 924_o build_v glademutham_n soon_o after_o this_o die_v at_o farandon_n and_o his_o son_n alfred_n the_o same_o time_n at_o oxford_n and_o be_v both_o bury_v at_o winchester_n edward_n be_v dead_a his_o base_a son_n athelstane_n for_o many_o excellent_a virtue_n appear_v in_o he_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o worthy_a prince_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n that_o ever_o reign_v he_o overcome_v cudfryd_n the_o father_n of_o raynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n at_o york_n and_o be_v invade_v by_o hawlaf_n king_n of_o ireland_n who_o with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o dane_n march_v against_o he_o give_v he_o battle_n at_o brimestbury_n and_o obtain_v a_o very_a notorious_a victory_n king_n hawlaf_n together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o the_o scot_n five_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n become_v subject_a to_o he_o which_o none_o of_o his_o predecessor_n a.d._n 933_o ever_o attempt_v sometime_o after_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o cardigan_n and_o then_o athelstane_n enter_v with_o his_o army_n into_o wales_n force_v the_o prince_n thereof_o to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 20_o l._n in_o gold_n 300_o l._n in_o silver_n and_o 200_o head_n of_o cattle_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o observe_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n wherein_o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n shall_v pay_v no_o more_o to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n than_o 66_o l._n tribute_n and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o dinefawr_n and_o powis_n shall_v
excellent_a quality_n both_o warlike_a and_o religious_a and_o one_o that_o found_v several_a monastery_n and_o â—â—ligious_a house_n and_o particular_o at_o bangor_n for_o jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n have_v flee_v to_o king_n edgar_n prevail_v so_o far_o with_o he_o that_o he_o bring_v a_o army_n inâ—â—_n north-wales_n to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o right_n be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o bangor_n he_o be_v honourable_o receive_v 〈◊〉_d howel_n who_o at_o his_o request_n be_v content_v his_o unâ—â—â—_n jago_n shall_v have_v a_o share_n in_o the_o government_n as_o he_o use_v in_o his_o father_n ievaf_n time_n then_o edgar_n found_v 〈◊〉_d new_a church_n at_o bangor_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o cathedral_n which_o he_o dedicate_v to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n â—ary_a and_o confirm_v the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o that_o â—â—â—e_a and_o bestow_v land_n and_o gift_n upon_o it_o and_o â—â—en_o with_o howel_n and_o jago_n in_o his_o company_n he_o marchâ—â—_n towards_o chester_n where_o meet_v he_o by_o appointment_n â—â—x_v king_n more_o viz._n keneth_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n malâ—â—_n king_n of_o cumberland_n macon_n king_n of_o man_n and_o â—â—fnwal_a sifrethus_n and_o ithel_n three_o british_a king_n â—hese_n eight_o prince_n have_v do_v homage_n and_o swear_v â—ealty_n to_o he_o enter_v with_o he_o into_o his_o barge_n and_o â—wed_v he_o four_o of_o each_o side_n from_o his_o palace_n to_o the_o church_n or_o monastery_n of_o s._n john_n baptist_n and_o divine_a â—ervice_n be_v end_v in_o like_a state_n row_v he_o back_o â—gain_o to_z king_n edgar_z succeed_v his_o son_n edward_n surname_v the_o young_a who_o after_o four_o year_n reign_v wâ—_n treacherous_o slay_v through_o the_o treason_n of_o his_o stepmother_n elfrida_n to_o make_v room_n for_o her_o own_o son_n edelred_n upon_o pretence_n of_o who_o minority_n be_v a_o child_n oâ—ly_o of_o seven_o year_n she_o may_v have_v the_o management_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o her_o own_o hand_n but_o whilst_o thâ—_n a.d._n 976_o english_a be_v in_o this_o wave_n and_o unsettled_a condition_n eineon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n king_n of_o south-wales_n tâ—â—_n second_o time_n enter_v the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n and_o hauâ—â—â—_n spoil_v and_o waste_v it_o return_v home_o again_o thâ—â—_n though_o a_o unsufferable_a affront_n to_o howel_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d north-wales_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o most_o convenient_a 〈◊〉_d pass_v by_o and_o wink_v at_o it_o be_v then_o warm_o engagâ—â—_n against_o the_o aider_n and_o abettor_n of_o his_o uncle_n jagâ—_n and_o march_v against_o they_o with_o a_o numerous_a aâ—â—â—_n consist_v of_o welch_n and_o english_a pursue_v they_o to_o lâ—â—â—_n and_o kelynnoc_n fawr_n the_o very_a extremity_n of_o walâ—â—_n where_o after_o cruel_a ravage_v and_o miserable_a harass_a 〈◊〉_d the_o country_n about_o jago_z be_v at_o last_o take_v prisoneâ—_n but_o so_o generous_o receive_v by_o howel_n that_o he_o granâ—_n his_o uncle_n to_o enjoy_v his_o portion_n of_o the_o country_n peaceable_o for_o his_o life_n but_o he_o do_v not_o deal_v so_o kindly_a wâ—â—â—_n his_o uncle_n edwal_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n wâ—â—â—_n a.d._n 979_o for_o what_o pretence_n not_o discover_v be_v slay_v by_o hâ—â—_n it_o may_v be_v that_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n secure_a of_o his_o uncle_n jago_n he_o be_v apprehensive_a that_o edwal_n fychan_n woâ—â—â—_n put_v in_o his_o pretence_n for_o the_o principality_n and_o therefâ—â—â—_n he_o judge_v it_o convenient_a to_o remove_v this_o obstacle_n 〈◊〉_d time_n and_o to_o send_v he_o to_o seek_v for_o it_o in_o another_o woâ—â—â—_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a injustice_n aâ—â—_n inhumanity_n in_o prince_n than_o the_o jealousy_n and_o apprehension_n of_o rival_n and_o pretender_n to_o their_o government_n to_o prevent_v which_o they_o will_v sacrifice_v any_o thing_n tâ—â—â—_n be_v just_a and_o legal_a so_o that_o the_o person_n offend_v be_v 〈◊〉_d move_v out_o of_o the_o way_n but_o though_o howel_n have_v â—â—thered_v his_o uncle_n edwal_n fychan_n yet_o he_o can_v not_o 〈◊〉_d move_v all_o dispute_n and_o pretence_n to_o north_n waleâ—_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o he_o be_v employ_v in_o tâ—â—_n unnatural_a action_n cystenyn_n dhu_n or_o constantine_n 〈◊〉_d black_a son_n to_z jago_z then_o prisoner_n to_o howel_n have_v â—â—red_v a_o army_n of_o dane_n under_o the_o command_n of_o godfâ—â—â—_n â—â—e_v son_n of_o harold_n march_v against_o his_o cousin_n howel_n use_v enter_v north-wales_n destroy_v anglesey_n and_o lhyn_n â—hereupon_o howel_n have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o 〈◊〉_d upon_o they_o at_o a_o place_n call_v gwayth_n hirbarth_n â—here_o the_o dane_n receive_v a_o very_a shameful_a overthrow_n â—nd_v constantine_n the_o son_n of_o jago_n be_v slay_v but_o another_o army_n of_o dane_n fare_v better_o in_o england_n who_o haâ—â—ng_v land_v at_o and_o spoil_v southampton_n overran_a the_o country_n of_o devon_n and_o cornwall_n burn_v the_o town_n of_o â—odman_n whereby_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o st._n peâ—kes_v with_o the_o bishop_n palace_n be_v lay_v in_o ash_n â—y_a reason_n of_o which_o disaster_n that_o bishop_n see_v be_v â—â—anslated_v to_o st._n germains_n where_o it_o continue_v till_o the_o â—â—iting_n thereof_o to_o crediton_n within_o a_o while_n after_o 〈◊〉_d dunstan_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n die_v a_o pious_a â—nd_n religious_a person_n who_o foretold_v of_o very_o great_a and_o â—â—supportable_a calamity_n the_o english_a shall_v endure_v â—y_a the_o cruel_a outrage_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o godfryd_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n be_v high_o disguâ—â—ed_v a.d._n 981_o at_o the_o shameful_a rout_n he_o receive_v of_o howel_n in_o the_o quarrel_n of_o constantine_n be_v resolve_v to_o recover_v his_o credit_n and_o to_o revenge_v himself_o of_o the_o welsh_a and_o accord_o he_o land_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n in_o west-wales_n where_o after_o that_o he_o have_v spoil_v the_o land_n of_o â—yfed_a with_o the_o church_n of_o st._n david_n he_o fight_v the_o â—â—mous_a battle_n of_o lhanwanoc_n but_o harold_n be_v force_v â—pon_o this_o to_o retire_v and_o forsake_v the_o country_n the_o follow_a a.d._n 982_o year_n duke_n alfred_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o english_a come_v to_o supply_v his_o room_n and_o to_o conquer_v â—he_n welch_n but_o he_o receive_v as_o little_a advantage_n or_o honour_n as_o harold_n in_o this_o expedition_n for_o after_o that_o â—e_n have_v lay_v waste_n and_o destroy_v the_o town_n of_o brecâ—â—ck_n with_o some_o part_n of_o south-wales_n he_o be_v shameful_o vanquish_v and_o his_o army_n almost_o total_o cut_v off_o by_o the_o troop_n of_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o howel_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n who_o have_v join_v their_o force_n against_o he_o and_o now_o a.d._n 983_o the_o welsh_a have_v quite_o disable_v the_o dane_n and_o the_o english_a begin_v to_o fall_v to_o their_o old_a course_n to_o make_v â—â—fe_n of_o their_o prosperity_n and_o quietness_n from_o abroad_o for_o quarrel_v and_o create_v disturbance_n at_o home_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o gwentland_n imagine_v themselves_o very_o strong_a and_o powerful_a and_o therefore_o must_v need_v endeavour_n to_o shake_v off_o their_o allegiance_n to_o their_o prince_n and_o to_o set_v up_o one_o of_o their_o own_o make_n owen_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n to_o pacify_v the_o rebellious_a humour_n oâ—_n these_o seditious_a and_o turbulent_a people_n send_v his_o soâ—_n eineon_n to_o persuade_v they_o to_o obedience_n but_o a_o diâ—stracted_a multitude_n get_v loose_a be_v not_o to_o be_v work_v upon_o by_o argument_n which_o eineon_n fatal_o experienceâ—_n who_o be_v so_o far_o from_o persuade_v they_o in_o their_o allegiance_n by_o fair_a mean_n that_o they_o present_o set_v upoâ—_n he_o and_o think_v that_o they_o have_v the_o bird_n in_o the_o fist_n who_o be_v next_o to_o succeed_v put_v he_o to_o preseâ—â—_n death_n and_o thus_o most_o ignoble_o fall_v this_o worthy_a prince_n who_o in_o his_o father_n time_n be_v the_o only_a support_n of_o his_o country_n be_v a_o stout_a and_o a_o valiant_a commander_n and_o one_o famous_o experience_v in_o thâ—_n art_n and_o discipline_n of_o war._n he_o have_v issue_n two_o sonâ—_n edwin_n and_o tewdor_n mawr_z or_o theodor_n the_o great_a oâ—_n of_o who_o loin_n several_a prince_n of_o south-wales_n weâ—â—_n a.d._n 984_o since_o descend_v but_o howel_n prince_n of_o north_n walâ—â—_n do_v not_o regard_v this_o dissension_n and_o rebellion_n in_o south_n wales_n and_o therefore_o take_v opportunity_n to_o strengthen_v and_o multiply_v his_o army_n with_o which_o he_o march_v thâ—_n next_o year_n for_o england_n intend_v to_o revenge_v the_o â—â—cursions_n and_o invasion_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o wales_n and_o to_o destroy_v and_o waste_v their_o country_n but_o have_v enter_v into_o england_n he_o be_v present_o fight_v with_o upon_o which_o be_v resolve_v either_o to_o return_v victorious_o or_o to_o die_v courageous_o he_o fall_v
death_n 〈◊〉_d edward_n to_o secure_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o hâ—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v honourable_o dismiss_v upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o â—ruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n himself_o with_o his_o brother_n tosty_o â—iled_v a_o great_a army_n and_o enter_v into_o south-wales_n â—hich_v they_o destroy_v after_o that_o manner_n that_o the_o welsh_a be_v glad_a to_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o â—ayment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n which_o afore-time_o â—hey_n be_v use_v to_o pay_v gruffydh_n hear_v of_o the_o inâ—lencies_n of_o the_o english_a in_o south_n wales_n make_v all_o posâ—â—ble_a haste_n and_o preparation_n to_o oppose_v they_o but_o all_o 〈◊〉_d no_o purpose_n harold_n have_v already_o treacherous_o â—â—ed_v some_o of_o gruffydh_n near_a friend_n to_o murder_n 〈◊〉_d who_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n execute_v their_o â—icked_a design_n and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o harold_n gruffydh_n be_v dead_a harold_n by_o king_n edward_n order_n â—â—pointed_v meredith_n son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d south_n wales_n and_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n 〈◊〉_d blethyn_n and_o rywaâ—hon_n the_o son_n of_o coffin_n brother_n 〈◊〉_d the_o mother_n side_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n and_o who_o proâ—ably_o for_o the_o desire_n of_o rule_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o murder_n of_o that_o noble_a prince_n this_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lheâ—â—â—yn_fw-mi enjoy_v the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o four_o year_n a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a verâ—â—â—_n both_o wise_a and_o valiant_a belove_v of_o his_o subject_n â—nd_v formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n in_o all_o his_o action_n he_o behave_v himself_o great_a and_o princely_a and_o have_v demand_v his_o country_n so_o brave_o against_o all_o foreign_a opposition_n he_o be_v far_o unworthy_a of_o that_o treacherous_a â—nd_n cruel_a death_n which_o his_o unkind_a subject_n and_o unnatural_a friend_n bestow_v upon_o he_o he_o leave_v issue_n â—ut_v â—â—e_v daughter_n call_v nest_n abuse_v first_o by_o fleaâ—ceâ—on_n â—on_z of_o bâ—ncho_n and_o afterward_o marry_v to_o trahaern_a â—p_n caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n after_o the_o deplorable_a murder_n of_o prince_n gruffyâ—â—_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o accord_v to_o some_o be_v son_n to_o howel_n dha_n do_v take_v 〈◊〉_d on_o he_o as_o it_o be_v say_v the_o government_n of_o south-wales_a and_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n the_o son_n of_o confyn_n hâ—â—_n brother_n to_o gruffydh_n as_o descend_v from_o augboâ—_n daughter_n to_o meredith_n sometime_o prince_n of_o walâ—â—_n enter_v upon_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n câ—â—â—â—_n the_o son_n jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o that_o croâ—â—_n be_v then_o with_o his_o father-in-law_n in_o ireland_n tâ—â—_n partition_n of_o wales_n fall_v much_o short_a of_o the_o expectation_n of_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n who_o bâ—ing_v the_o chief_a promoter_n of_o harold_n make_v a_o â—â—pedition_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewolyn_n make_v no_o qâ—stion_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o government_n of_o south-wales_n â—â—case_n gruffydh_n get_v the_o worse_a but_o it_o happen_v otherwise_o harold_n be_v sensible_a of_o caradoc_n subtlety_n aâ—â—_n knavery_n and_o doubt_v whether_o if_o he_o be_v maâ—â—_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n he_o can_v obtain_v a_o certain_a lode-ship_n nigh_o hereford_n which_o he_o have_v a_o long_a mindâ—_n make_v a_o composition_n with_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n for_o 〈◊〉_d say_v lordship_n and_o create_v he_o prince_n of_o south-wales_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a banish_a caradoc_n out_o of_o 〈◊〉_d country_n harold_n have_v obtain_v his_o request_n buâ—_n a_o very_a magnificent_a house_n at_o a_o place_n call_v portasâ—â—_n in_o monmouth-shire_n and_o store_v it_o with_o great_a quantity_n of_o provision_n splendid_o entertain_v the_o king_n who_o honour_v he_o with_o a_o visit_n this_o be_v by_o a_o mean_n please_v to_o tofty_a to_o see_v his_o young_a brother_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o favour_n with_o the_o king_n thâ—â—_n himself_o and_o have_v conceal_v his_o displeasure_n for_o 〈◊〉_d time_n can_v not_o forbear_v at_o length_n but_o discover_v 〈◊〉_d grievance_n for_o one_o day_n at_o windsor_n while_o harâ—â—_n reach_v the_o cup_n to_o king_n edward_n tosty_o ready_a to_o burâ—_n for_o envy_n that_o his_o brother_n be_v so_o much_o respect_v beyond_o himself_o can_v not_o refrain_v to_o run_v furious_o upon_o he_o and_o pull_v he_o by_o the_o hair_n drag_v he_o to_o the_o ground_n for_o which_o unmannerly_a action_n the_o king_n forbid_v he_o the_o court_n but_o he_o with_o continue_a rancour_n and_o malice_n ride_v to_o hereford_n where_o harold_n have_v many_o servant_n prepare_v a_o entertainment_n for_o the_o king_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o with_o his_o follower_n â—â—opped_v off_o the_o hand_n and_o leg_n of_o some_o the_o arm_n and_o head_n of_o other_o and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o butt_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o be_v put_v in_o for_o the_o king_n be_v drink_v and_o at_o his_o departure_n charge_v the_o servant_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o of_o other_o fresh_a meat_n he_o may_v carry_v with_o he_o what_o he_o please_v but_o for_o â—ince_n he_o shall_v find_v plenty_n provide_v ready_a for_o he_o for_o which_o barbarous_a offence_n the_o king_n pronounce_v a_o sentence_n of_o perpetual_a banishment_n upon_o he_o but_o saradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi give_v a_o finish_v stroke_n to_o harold_n house_n and_o the_o king_n entertainment_n at_o portascyth_n for_o come_v thither_o short_o after_o tosty_n departure_n to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o harold_n he_o kill_v all_o the_o workman_n and_o labourer_n with_o all_o the_o servant_n he_o can_v find_v and_o utter_o deface_v the_o building_n carry_v away_o all_o the_o costly_a material_n which_o with_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n have_v be_v bring_v thither_o to_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v the_o structure_n soon_o after_o which_o the_o northumbrian_n who_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o two_o brother_n harold_n and_o tosty_o who_o bear_v a_o uncontrollable_a sway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v use_v to_o practice_v most_o hellish_a villainy_n to_o encompass_v any_o man_n estate_n that_o displease_v they_o in_o a_o tumult_n at_o york_n beset_v the_o palace_n of_o tosty_o and_o have_v pillage_v his_o treasure_n â—â—ew_n all_o his_o family_n as_o well_o englishman_n as_o dane_n then_o adjoin_v to_o themselves_o the_o people_n of_o lincoln_n nottingham_n and_o derby_n shire_n they_o elect_a marcher_n the_o son_n of_o earl_n algar_n their_o general_n to_o who_o come_v his_o brother_n edwin_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o force_n â—nd_v a_o great_a party_n of_o welsh_a man_n then_o they_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n to_o northampton_n where_o harold_n meet_v they_o be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o know_v their_o demand_n to_o who_o they_o lay_v open_v their_o grievance_n and_o the_o cruelty_n of_o tosty_n government_n and_o at_o last_o with_o a_o absolute_a refusal_n of_o admit_v he_o again_o desire_v that_o marcher_n shall_v be_v appoint_v earl_n over_o they_o which_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o reasonable_a complaint_n of_o injury_n do_v by_o tosty_o easy_o grant_v and_o willing_o confirm_v marcher_n title_n whereupon_o they_o peaceable_o return_v back_o to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o welsh_a with_o several_a prisoner_n and_o other_o booty_n get_v in_o this_o expedition_n return_v to_o wales_n a.d._n 1066_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n edward_z die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o westminster_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n before_o the_o conquest_n that_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o from_o cerdic_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v continue_v 544_o and_o from_o egbert_n the_o first_o monarch_n 171_o year_n edward_n be_v dead_a the_o next_o debate_n be_v about_o a_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n edgar_n edeling_n be_v set_v up_o by_o some_o as_o lawful_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o harold_n as_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o kingdom_n much_o wealthy_a and_o better_o befriend_v present_o thwart_v and_o bring_v matter_n so_o cunning_o about_o that_o himself_o be_v choose_v king_n without_o any_o regard_n observe_v to_o the_o oath_n and_o promise_n he_o have_v former_o make_v to_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n duke_n william_n upon_o notice_n of_o harold_n advancement_n how_o that_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n between_o they_o convene_v together_o his_o noble_n and_o lay_v before_o they_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o affront_v be_v have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o harold_n as_o the_o death_n of_o his_o cousin_n alfred_n the_o banishment_n of_o archbishop_n robert_n earl_n odan_n and_o all_o the_o norman_n and_o last_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o
of_o those_o who_o enjoy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o welshman_n land_n but_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v till_o they_o get_v all_o for_o gilbert_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strygill_n upon_o who_o the_o king_n have_v bestow_v cardigan_n make_v great_a complaint_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n declare_v how_o that_o he_o receive_v and_o entertain_v such_o person_n as_o spoil_v and_o rob_v in_o his_o country_n and_z hugh_z earl_n of_o chester_n make_v the_o like_a of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n how_o that_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o man_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n lord_n of_o tegengl_n unreproved_a waste_v and_o burn_v the_o country_n of_o cheshire_n and_o to_o aggravate_v the_o matter_n the_o more_o he_o add_v far_o that_o gruffydh_n neither_o owe_v any_o service_n nor_o pay_v any_o tribute_n to_o the_o king_n upon_o these_o complaint_n king_n henry_n be_v so_o cruel_o enrage_v that_o he_o swear_v he_o will_v not_o leave_v one_o live_a creature_n remain_v in_o north-wales_n and_o powys-land_n but_o have_v extirpate_v utter_o the_o present_a race_n of_o people_n he_o will_v plant_v a_o colony_n of_o new_a inhabitant_n and_o then_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o part_n he_o deliver_v one_o to_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o strygill_n to_o go_v against_o south-wales_n which_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o england_n and_o cornwall_n the_o next_o battle_n be_v design_v against_o north-wales_n in_o which_o be_v all_o the_o strength_n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o north_n and_o be_v command_v by_o alexander_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n the_o three_o the_o king_n lead_v himself_o against_o powy_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o whole_a strength_n of_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o england_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n hearing_n of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n and_o be_v inform_v that_o this_o vast_a army_n be_v design_v against_o wales_n be_v quick_o apprehensive_a that_o the_o welsh_a be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v any_o great_a defence_n and_o therefore_o think_v it_o his_o safe_a way_n to_o provide_v for_o himself_o beforehand_o and_o so_o come_v to_o the_o king_n yield_v himself_o up_o to_o his_o mercy_n but_o owen_n fear_v to_o commit_v himself_o to_o those_o who_o he_o know_v so_o greedy_o to_o covet_v his_o estate_n and_o who_o he_o be_v assure_v be_v far_o more_o desirous_a to_o dispossess_v the_o welsh_a of_o their_o land_n than_o any_o other_o way_n to_o punish_v they_o for_o former_a crime_n and_o miscarriage_n flee_v to_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi conan_n to_o north-wales_n upon_o that_o king_n henry_n convert_v his_o whole_a force_n that_o way_n and_o come_v himself_o as_o far_o as_o murcastelh_n and_o the_o scotch_a king_n to_o pennant_n bachwy_a but_o the_o people_n fly_v to_o the_o mountain_n carry_v with_o they_o all_o the_o cattle_n and_o provision_n they_o have_v so_o that_o the_o english_a can_v not_o follow_v they_o and_o as_o many_o as_o attempt_v to_o come_v at_o they_o be_v either_o slay_v or_o wound_v in_o the_o strait_n but_o alexander_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n find_v that_o nothing_o can_v possible_o be_v effect_v against_o the_o welsh_a as_o long_o as_o they_o keep_v the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n send_v to_o prince_n gruffydh_n advise_v he_o to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n promise_v he_o all_o his_o interest_n to_o obtain_v a_o honourable_a peace_n but_o the_o prince_n be_v too_o well_o acquaint_v with_o english_a promise_n and_o therefore_o refuse_v his_o proposal_n and_o so_o king_n henry_n be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o return_v without_o do_v something_o in_o this_o expedition_n send_v to_o owen_n to_o forsake_v the_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v himself_o but_o be_v ready_a to_o strike_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o scottish_a king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n but_o this_o cunning_a insinuation_n will_v not_o take_v effect_n for_o owen_n be_v for_o his_o life_n as_o distrustful_a of_o king_n henry_n as_o prince_n gruffydh_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v hearken_v to_o no_o entreaty_n for_o revolt_a from_o he_o who_o have_v all_o this_o while_n afford_v he_o refuge_n till_o at_o length_n his_o uncle_n meredith_n a_o old_a insinuate_a politician_n persuade_v he_o with_o much_o a_o do_v not_o to_o forsake_v the_o king_n of_o england_n proposal_n who_o offer_v he_o all_o his_o land_n without_o tribute_n in_o case_n he_o will_v come_v to_o his_o side_n and_o therefore_o meredith_n advise_v he_o instant_o to_o accept_v of_o his_o offer_n before_o prince_n gruffydh_n make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n which_o if_o it_o be_v once_o do_v he_o will_v be_v glad_a upon_o any_o score_n to_o purchase_v the_o king_n mercy_n owen_n be_v prevail_v upon_o by_o such_o argument_n come_v to_o the_o king_n who_o receive_v he_o very_o gracious_o and_o tell_v he_o that_o because_o he_o believe_v his_o promise_n he_o will_v not_o only_o perform_v that_o but_o likewise_o exalt_v he_o above_o any_o of_o his_o kindred_n and_o grant_v he_o his_o land_n free_a from_o any_o payment_n of_o tribute_n prince_n gruffydh_n perceive_v how_o that_o owen_n have_v submit_v to_o the_o king_n think_v it_o also_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o sue_v for_o peace_n and_o so_o promise_v the_o king_n a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n a_o peace_n be_v then_o actual_o agree_v upon_o and_o confirm_v which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v the_o more_o ready_a to_o consent_v to_o because_o he_o find_v it_o impossible_a to_o do_v he_o any_o hurt_n whilst_o he_o continue_v encamp_v in_o that_o place_n some_o affirm_v that_o the_o submission_n as_o well_o of_o prince_n gruffydh_n as_o owen_n be_v procure_v by_o the_o policy_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n this_o last_o work_v with_o gruffydh_n and_o assure_v he_o that_o owen_n have_v make_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n before_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v in_o agitation_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n yield_v somewhat_o to_o the_o earl_n request_n if_o owen_n have_v go_v contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n which_o they_o have_v mutual_o take_v not_o to_o make_v any_o peace_n with_o the_o english_a without_o one_o another_o knowledge_n seem_v to_o incline_v to_o a_o peace_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n meredith_n go_v in_o person_n to_o his_o nephew_n owen_n affirm_v for_o truth_n that_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n be_v actual_o agree_v and_o that_o the_o prince_n be_v on_o his_o journey_n to_o the_o king_n to_o make_v his_o submission_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n meredith_n take_v especial_a care_n that_o all_o messenger_n betwixt_o the_o prince_n and_o owen_n shall_v be_v intercept_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v owen_n wilful_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n king_n henry_n have_v thus_o finish_v and_o bring_v to_o a_o end_n all_o his_o business_n in_o wales_n call_v owen_n to_o he_o tell_v he_o that_o in_o case_n he_o 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bring_v up_o in_o ireland_n and_o have_v come_v over_o about_o two_o year_n afore_o past_o his_o time_n private_o among_o his_o relation_n particular_o with_o gerald_n steward_n of_o pembroke_n his_o brother-in-law_n and_o now_o the_o noise_n of_o a_o new_a prince_n be_v spread_v abroad_o it_o come_v at_o last_o to_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o a_o certain_a person_n appear_v in_o wales_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n late_o prince_n of_o south_n wales_n and_o lay_v claim_n to_o that_o principality_n which_o be_v now_o in_o the_o king_n hand_n king_n henry_n be_v somewhat_o concern_v with_o such_o a_o report_n and_o fear_v lest_o that_o this_o new_a starter_n shall_v create_v he_o some_o great_a trouble_n he_o think_v to_o nip_v he_o in_o the_o bud_n and_o send_v down_o order_n
by_o their_o valour_n than_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o parentage_n he_o have_v by_o gwladus_n the_o daughter_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n jorwerth_n drwyndwn_n or_o the_o break_a nose_n conan_n maelgon_n and_o gwenlhian_a by_o christian_a the_o daughter_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n he_o have_v david_n roderic_n cadwalhon_n abbot_n of_o bardsey_n and_o angharad_n afterward_o marry_v to_o gruffydh_n maylor_n he_o have_v by_o other_o woman_n several_a other_o child_n as_o conan_n lhewelyn_n meredith_n edwal_n rhun_n howel_n cadelh_n madawc_n eineon_n cynwric_n philip_n and_o ryrid_a lord_n of_o clochran_n in_o ireland_n of_o these_o run_z lhewelyn_n and_o cynwric_n die_v before_o their_o father_n and_o the_o rest_n will_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n be_v dead_a the_o succession_n be_v of_o right_a to_o descend_v to_o his_o elder_a legitimate_a son_n jorwerth_n drwyndwn_n otherwise_o call_v edward_n with_o the_o break_a nose_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o blemish_n upon_o his_o face_n he_o be_v lay_v aside_o as_o unfit_a to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n therefore_o his_o young_a brother_n begin_v every_o one_o to_o aspire_v in_o hope_n of_o succeed_a their_o father_n but_o a.d._n 1170_o howel_n who_o be_v of_o all_o the_o elder_a but_o base_a bear_v beget_v of_o a_o irish_a woman_n find_v they_o can_v not_o agree_v step_v in_o himself_o and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n but_o david_n who_o be_v legitimate_o bear_v can_v not_o brook_v that_o a_o bastard_n shall_v ascend_v his_o father_n throne_n and_o therefore_o he_o make_v all_o the_o preparation_n possible_a to_o pull_v he_o down_o howel_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v as_o resolute_a to_o maintain_v his_o ground_n and_o be_v not_o willing_a so_o quick_o to_o deliver_v up_o what_o he_o have_v not_o very_o long_o get_v possession_n of_o and_o so_o both_o brother_n meeting_n together_o in_o the_o field_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v their_o title_n by_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sword_n the_o battle_n have_v not_o last_v long_o but_o howel_n be_v slay_v and_o than_o david_n be_v unanimous_o proclaim_v and_o salute_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n which_o principality_n he_o enjoy_v without_o any_o molestation_n till_o lhewelyn_n jorwerth_n druryndwn_n son_n come_v of_o age_n as_o will_v hereafter_o appear_v but_o madawc_n another_o of_o owen_n gwynedh_n son_n find_v how_o his_o brother_n contend_v for_o the_o principality_n and_o that_o his_o native_a country_n be_v like_a to_o be_v turmoil_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n do_v think_v it_o his_o better_a prudence_n to_o try_v his_o fortune_n abroad_o and_o therefore_o leave_v north-wales_n in_o a_o very_a unsettled_a condition_n sail_v with_o a_o small_a fleet_n of_o ship_n which_o he_o have_v rig_v and_o mane_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o the_o westward_n and_o leave_v ireland_n upon_o the_o north_n he_o come_v at_o length_n to_o a_o unknown_a country_n where_o most_o thing_n appear_v to_o he_o new_a and_o uncustomary_a and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o native_n far_o different_a from_o what_o he_o have_v see_v in_o europe_n this_o country_n say_v the_o learned_a h._n lhoyd_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v some_o part_n of_o that_o vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n of_o which_o the_o spaniard_n since_o hanno_fw-la time_n boast_v themselves_o to_o be_v the_o first_o discoverer_n and_o which_o by_o order_n of_o cosmography_n seem_v to_o be_v some_o part_n of_o nova_n hispania_n or_o florida_n whereby_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o this_o country_n be_v discover_v by_o the_o britain_n long_o before_o either_o columbus_n or_o americus_n vesputius_n sail_v thither_o but_o concern_v madawc_n voyage_n to_o this_o country_n and_o afterward_o his_o return_n from_o thence_o there_o be_v many_o fabulous_a story_n and_o idle_a tale_n invent_v by_o the_o vulgar_a who_o be_v sure_o never_o to_o diminish_v from_o what_o they_o hear_v but_o will_v add_v to_o and_o increase_v any_o fable_n as_o far_o as_o their_o invention_n will_v prompt_v they_o however_o say_v the_o same_o author_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o madawc_n arrive_v in_o this_o country_n and_o after_o he_o have_v view_v the_o fertility_n and_o pleasantness_n of_o it_o he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o invite_v more_o of_o his_o countryman_n out_o of_o britain_n and_o therefore_o leave_v most_o of_o those_o he_o have_v bring_v with_o he_o already_o behind_o he_o return_v for_o wales_n be_v arrive_v there_o he_o begin_v to_o acquaint_v his_o friend_n with_o what_o a_o fair_a and_o extensive_a land_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o void_a of_o any_o inhabitant_n whilst_o they_o employ_v all_o their_o skill_n to_o supplant_v one_o another_o only_o for_o a_o ragged_a portion_n of_o rock_n and_o mountain_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v persuade_v they_o to_o change_v their_o present_a state_n of_o danger_n and_o continual_a clashing_n for_o a_o more_o quiet_a be_v of_o ease_n and_o enjoyment_n and_o so_o have_v get_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o welch_n together_o he_o bid_v his_o final_a adieu_n to_o his_o native_a country_n and_o sail_v with_o ten_o ship_n back_o to_o they_o he_o have_v leave_v behind_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v suppose_v say_v our_o author_n that_o madawc_n and_o his_o people_n inhabit_v part_n of_o that_o country_n since_o call_v florida_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o appear_v from_o francis_n love_v a_o author_n of_o no_o small_a reputation_n that_o in_o acusanus_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o people_z honour_a and_o worship_v the_o cross_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v natural_o conclude_v that_o christian_n have_v be_v there_o before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o who_o these_o christian_n may_v be_v unless_o it_o be_v this_o colony_n of_o madawc_n can_v be_v easy_o imagine_v but_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o welsh_a who_o come_v over_o be_v not_o many_o they_o intermix_v in_o a_o few_o year_n with_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o follow_v their_o manner_n and_o use_v their_o language_n they_o become_v at_o length_n undistinguishable_a from_o the_o barbarian_n but_o the_o country_n which_o madawc_n land_v in_o be_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n powel_n suppose_v to_o be_v part_n mexico_n for_o which_o conjecture_n he_o lay_v down_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o as_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o spanish_a chronicle_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o west-indies_n the_o inhabitant_n and_o native_n of_o that_o country_n affirm_v by_o tradition_n that_o their_o ruler_n descend_v from_o a_o strange_a nation_n which_o come_v thither_o from_o a_o strange_a country_n as_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o king_n montezeuma_n in_o a_o speech_n at_o his_o submission_n to_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n before_o hernando_n cortes_n the_o spanish_a general_n and_o then_o the_o british_a word_n and_o name_n of_o place_n use_v in_o that_o country_n even_o at_o this_o day_n do_v undoubted_o argue_v the_o same_o as_o when_o they_o speak_v and_o confabulate_v together_o they_o use_v this_o british_a word_n gwrando_n which_o signify_v to_o hearken_v or_o listen_v and_o a_o certain_a bird_n with_o a_o white_a head_n they_o call_v fengwyn_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o in_o welch_n but_o for_o a_o more_o complete_a confirmation_n of_o this_o the_o island_n of_o corroeso_n the_o cape_n of_o bryton_n the_o river_n of_o gwyndor_n and_o the_o white_a rock_n of_o pengwyn_n which_o be_v all_o british_a word_n do_v manifest_o show_v that_o it_o be_v that_o country_n which_o madawe_n and_o his_o people_n inhabit_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o trouble_n of_o north-wales_n be_v over_o and_o prince_n david_n secure_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n a.d._n 1171_o the_o storm_n fall_v present_o upon_o powy_n for_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n the_o lord_n of_o that_o country_n have_v always_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v oppose_v the_o interest_n and_o advantage_n of_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o which_o account_n prince_n rhys_n come_v with_o a_o great_a army_n against_o powy_n and_o have_v subdue_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n his_o enemy_n he_o be_v for_o all_o that_o so_o favourable_a to_o he_o that_o upon_o his_o deliver_v he_o pledge_n for_o his_o future_a behaviour_n he_o present_o depart_v out_o of_o powy_n and_o return_v with_o much_o honour_n to_o south_n wales_n and_o now_o all_o the_o state_n of_o britain_n be_v at_o perfect_a rest_n and_o amity_n with_o one_o another_o the_o whole_a tide_n and_o scene_n of_o action_n return_v to_o ireland_n for_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n have_v call_v together_o all_o his_o nobility_n begin_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o irish_a expedition_n which_o have_v already_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o this_o consultation_n there_o come_v some_o messenger_n from_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigule_a marshal_n of_o england_n to_o deliver_v up_o
to_o gruffydh_fw-mi invite_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o invade_v theiâ—_n country_n and_o to_o correct_v the_o unnatural_a enmity_n theiâ—_n prince_n express_v to_o his_o brother_n but_o when_o all_o difference_n be_v over_o the_o king_n of_o england_n return_v with_o his_o army_n shameful_o back_o and_o the_o prince_n anâ—_n his_o nobility_n reconcile_v the_o welsh_a may_v have_v expect_v a_o very_a happy_a time_n of_o it_o have_v not_o death_n take_v the_o prince_n so_o unnatural_o away_o before_o he_o have_v well_o know_v what_o a_o peaceful_a reign_n be_v lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi â—rince_n david_n be_v dead_a the_o principality_n of_o 〈◊〉_d north_n wales_n legal_o descend_v to_o sir_n ralph_n morâ—â—â—er_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n gladys_n daughter_n to_o â—â—â—welyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n but_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n beâ—â—â—_n assemble_v together_o for_o the_o elect_n and_o nominate_v a_o successor_n think_v it_o by_o no_o mean_n advisaâ—â—â—_n to_o admit_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o his_o â—â—de_n be_v never_o so_o lawful_a and_o especial_o a_o engâ—â—â—â—man_n by_o who_o obligation_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o engâ—â—â—d_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n expect_v to_o become_v subâ—â—â—s_n or_o rather_o slave_n to_o the_o english_a government_n â—herefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o set_v up_o lheâ—â—â—yn_n and_o owen_n goch_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n a_o base_a 〈◊〉_d of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n and_o brother_n to_o prince_n â—â—vid_v who_o be_v send_v for_o and_o appear_v before_o the_o assembly_n all_o the_o noble_n and_o baron_n then_o present_a 〈◊〉_d they_o homage_n and_o receive_v they_o for_o their_o soâ—â—â—eigns_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n understand_v of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n he_o â—â—ought_v the_o country_n be_v in_o a_o unsettled_a and_o waâ—â—ring_a condition_n he_o may_v effect_v great_a matter_n there_o use_v therefore_o he_o send_v one_o nicholas_n de_fw-fr miles_n to_o south-wales_a with_o the_o title_n of_o justice_n of_o that_o country_n â—â—th_v who_o he_o join_v in_o commission_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi â—â—ys_v gryc_a and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d eject_v and_o disinherit_v maelgon_n fychan_n of_o all_o his_o â—ands_n and_o estate_n in_o south-wales_n the_o like_a injurious_a practice_n be_v commit_v against_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n â—ho_fw-mi be_v forcible_o rob_v of_o all_o his_o estate_n in_o glamorâ—â—n_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n these_o unreasonable_a exâ—â—tions_n be_v insupportable_a maelgon_n and_o howel_n make_v â—â—own_v their_o grievance_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n desire_v their_o succour_n and_o assistance_n for_o the_o recovery_n â—f_fw-mi their_o lawful_a inheritance_n from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o the_o english_a but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n understand_v their_o design_n lead_v his_o army_n into_o wales_n 〈◊〉_d on_o who_o arrival_n the_o welsh_a withdraw_v themselves_o to_o snowden-hill_n where_o they_o so_o tire_v the_o englâ—â—â—_n army_n that_o the_o king_n find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o goâ—â—_n after_o some_o stay_n there_o return_v back_o to_o england_n wiâ—â—_n in_o a_o while_n after_o ralph_n mortimer_n the_o husband_n gladys_n dhu_n die_v leave_v his_o whole_a estate_n and_o wâ—â—_n it_o a_o lawful_a title_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_a to_o his_o son_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1247_o the_o next_o year_n nothing_o memorable_a pass_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a 739._o m._n paris_n p._n 739._o only_o the_o dismal_a effect_n the_o last_o year_n expedition_n be_v not_o wear_v off_o 〈◊〉_d ground_n be_v uncapable_a of_o cultivation_n and_o the_o câ—â—â—tel_n be_v in_o great_a measure_n destroy_v by_o the_o englâ—â—â—_n occasion_v great_a poverty_n and_o want_n in_o the_o countâ—â—_n but_o the_o great_a calamity_n befall_v the_o bishop_n s._n asâ—â—â—_n and_o bangor_n be_v destroy_v and_o burn_v by_o the_o english_a the_o bishop_n thereof_o be_v reduce_v to_o that_o utmost_a extremity_n as_o to_o get_v their_o subsistence_n by_o other_o meâ—â—_n charity_n the_o bishop_n also_o of_o s._n david_n decease_a aâ—â—_n he_o of_o landaff_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o fall_v blind_a 〈◊〉_d the_o bishopric_n of_o s._n david_n succeed_v thomas_n sâ—â—â—â—_n name_v wallensis_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o walâ—â—_n who_o think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o benefit_v his_o own_o coâ—â—try_n what_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n desire_v to_o be_v advance_v from_o the_o archdeaconry_n of_o lincoln_n to_o that_o sea_n whicâ—_n the_o king_n easy_o grant_v and_o confirm_v he_o in_o 〈◊〉_d a.d._n 1248_o the_o next_o summer_n prove_v somewhat_o more_o favourablâ—_n to_o the_o welsh_a rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o rhys_n mechyl_n woâ—_n from_o the_o english_a the_o castle_n of_o carrec_n cynnen_n which_o his_o unkind_a mother_n out_o of_o malice_n or_o some_o ill_a opinion_n entertain_v of_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o private_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o and_o about_o the_o saâ—â—_n time_n the_o body_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n base_n son_n 〈◊〉_d lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n be_v recover_v from_o the_o king_n oâ—_n england_n by_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o abboâ—â—_n of_o conwey_n and_o ystratflur_n who_o convey_v it_o to_o conwey_n bestow_v upon_o it_o a_o very_a pompous_a and_o honourable_a innterment_n after_o this_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o welsh_a proceed_v a.d._n 1255_o peaceable_o for_o a_o long_a while_n and_o the_o country_n have_v sufficient_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v its_o former_a plenty_n but_o 〈◊〉_d last_o to_o make_v good_a the_o proverb_n that_o plenty_n beget_v â—â—ar_a they_o begin_v for_o want_v of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n to_o â—â—arrel_v and_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o owen_n be_v too_o â—â—gh_a and_o ambitious_a to_o be_v satisfy_v with_o half_a the_o prinpality_n and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o have_v a_o fling_n at_o the_o â—hole_a wherein_o fortune_n so_o far_o deceive_v he_o that_o he_o â—â—st_n his_o own_o stake_n as_o will_v afterward_o appear_v but_o â—â—e_v better_a to_o encompass_v his_o design_n by_o sly_a insinuaâ—â—ons_n he_o persuade_v david_n his_o young_a brother_n to_o seâ—â—nd_v his_o cause_n and_o they_o with_o joint_a interest_n levy_v â—â—eir_n power_n with_o intention_n to_o dethrone_v their_o elder_a â—â—other_n lhewelyn_n but_o that_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n 〈◊〉_d lhewelyn_n be_v prepare_v to_o receive_v they_o and_o with_o puissant_a army_n meet_v they_o in_o the_o field_n and_o so_o be_v â—â—â—olved_v to_o venture_v all_o upon_o the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n 〈◊〉_d be_v strange_a and_o grievous_a to_o behold_v this_o unnatural_a â—ivil_a war_n and_o the_o more_o grievous_a now_o by_o reason_n â—â—at_v it_o so_o manifest_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o withstand_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a â—ho_fw-mi be_v extreme_o please_v with_o so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n to_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o they_o be_v too_o far_o enâ—â—ged_v to_o consider_v of_o future_a inconvenience_n and_o a_o â—â—yal_a of_o war_n they_o must_v have_v though_o the_o englishâ—ere_v â—ere_z ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o both_o army_n the_o battle_n â—eing_v join_v the_o day_n prove_v bloody_a of_o both_o side_n â—nd_v whether_o be_v like_a to_o conquer_v be_v not_o present_o discover_v till_o at_o length_n owen_n begin_v to_o give_v â—round_n and_o in_o fine_a be_v overthrow_v himself_o and_o his_o â—rother_n david_n be_v take_v prisoner_n lhewelyn_n â—â—ough_o he_o have_v sufficient_a reason_n will_v not_o put_v his_o â—rothers_n to_o death_n but_o commit_v they_o into_o close_a prison_n seize_v all_o their_o estate_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n â—nd_v so_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a principality_n of_o wales_n the_o english_a see_v the_o welsh_a at_o this_o rate_n oppress_v â—nd_n destroy_v one_o another_o think_v they_o have_v full_a liberty_n to_o deal_v with_o they_o as_o they_o please_v and_o thereupon_o begin_v to_o exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o wrong_n and_o injustice_n against_o they_o insomuch_o that_o the_o next_o year_n all_o a.d._n 1256_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n come_v in_o a_o body_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o declare_v their_o grievance_n how_o unmerciful_o prince_n edward_n who_o his_o father_n have_v send_v to_o wales_n and_z other_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n deal_n with_o they_o how_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o justice_n they_o seize_v upon_o their_o estate_n without_o any_o room_n for_o appeal_n whereas_o if_o themselves_o offend_v in_o the_o least_o they_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n in_o fine_a they_o solemn_o declare_v that_o they_o prefer_v to_o die_v honourable_o in_o the_o field_n before_o to_o be_v so_o unmerciful_o enslave_v to_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o stranger_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v not_o a_o stranger_n to_o all_o this_o and_o now_o have_v happy_o discover_v the_o bent_n and_o inclination_n of_o his_o subject_n be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v if_o possible_a the_o expulsion_n of_o
the_o english_a and_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o they_o for_o their_o most_o cruel_a and_o almost_o inhuman_a practice_n towards_o the_o welsh_a have_v therefore_o draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o be_v accompany_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n gryc_a in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o week_n he_o recover_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a all_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n and_o then_o all_o merionyth_n with_o such_o land_n as_o prince_n edward_n have_v usurp_v in_o cardigan_n which_o he_o bestow_v upon_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi have_v also_o force_v rhys_n fychan_n out_o of_o buelht_n he_o confer_v it_o upon_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n bestow_v all_o the_o land_n which_o he_o recover_v between_o his_o noble_n reserve_v nothing_o to_o his_o own_o use_n beside_o gwerthryneon_n the_o a.d._n 1257_o estate_n of_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n the_o next_o summer_n he_o enter_v into_o powy_n and_o make_v war_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n who_o always_o have_v take_v part_n with_o and_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o he_o total_o overcome_v except_v the_o castle_n of_o poole_n some_o small_a part_n of_o caerneon_n and_o the_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o severn_n but_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o buelht_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v ro_o recover_v it_o to_o which_o end_n he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v a_o very_a strong_a army_n command_v by_o one_o stephen_n bacon_n which_o be_v send_v by_o sea_n land_v at_o caermardhyn_n in_o the_o whitsun-week_n from_o thence_o the_o english_a march_v to_o dynefawr_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o valiant_o hold_v out_o until_o lhewelyn_n army_n come_v to_o its_o relief_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o english_a decamp_v from_o before_o the_o castle_n and_o put_v themselves_o in_o posture_n of_o battle_n which_o the_o welsh_a perceive_v they_o make_v all_o haste_n to_o answer_v and_o oppose_v they_o whereupon_o there_o ensue_v a_o very_a terrible_a engagement_n which_o last_v a_o very_a long_a while_n this_o be_v for_o number_n of_o man_n the_o great_a battle_n that_o have_v be_v fight_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a but_o the_o victory_n favour_v the_o welsh_a the_o englishman_n be_v at_o length_n force_v to_o fly_v have_v lose_v above_o two_o thousand_o man_n beside_o several_a baron_n and_o knight_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n after_o this_o the_o prince_n army_n pass_v to_o dyfed_a where_o have_v burn_v all_o the_o country_n and_o destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o abercorran_n lhanstephan_n maenclochoc_n and_o arberth_n with_o all_o the_o town_n thereunto_o belong_v return_v to_o north-wales_n with_o much_o spoil_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v arrive_v great_a complaint_n be_v exhibit_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n against_o jeffrey_n langley_n lieutenant_n to_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n most_o wrongful_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o wales_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n to_o punish_v the_o master_n for_o the_o servant_n fault_n enter_v with_o some_o part_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o earl_n estate_n burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o his_o country_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o gate_n of_o chester_n edward_n have_v no_o power_n at_o present_a to_o oppose_v he_o but_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o welsh_a with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n he_o desire_v aid_n of_o his_o uncle_n than_o choose_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o send_v he_o a_o strong_a detachment_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o give_v prince_n lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o find_v he_o too_o strong_a he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o desist_v from_o hostility_n the_o prince_n army_n consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o experience_a man_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n rather_o all_o to_o die_v in_o the_o field_n than_o suffer_v the_o english_a to_o gain_v any_o advantage_n over_o the_o welsh_a but_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n lord_n of_o dinas_n brân_n a_o person_n of_o notorious_a reputation_n for_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n base_o forsake_v the_o welch_a his_o countryman_n and_o with_o all_o his_o force_n go_v over_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n a.d._n 1258_o the_o next_o year_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pass_v to_o south-wales_n and_o seize_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o land_n of_o cemaes_n and_o have_v reconcile_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o rhys_n gryg_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o trefdraeth_n with_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o rhos_n except_v haverford_n thence_o he_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n towards_o glamorgan_n and_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o castle_n of_o lhangymwch_n and_o then_o return_v to_o north-wales_n he_o meet_v by_o the_o way_n with_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o he_o force_v precipitous_o to_o return_v back_o but_o before_o he_o will_v put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o expedition_n he_o must_v needs_o be_v revenge_v upon_o that_o ungrateful_a fugitive_a gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n and_o thereupon_o pass_v through_o bromfield_n he_o miserable_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a country_n upon_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n send_v to_o lhewelyn_n require_v he_o to_o cease_v from_o hostility_n and_o after_o that_o unmerciful_a manner_n to_o devour_v and_o forcible_o to_o take_v away_o other_o man_n estate_n the_o prince_n be_v not_o over_o solicitous_a to_o hearken_v to_o their_o request_n but_o find_v the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n very_o seasonable_a for_o action_n against_o the_o english_a he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battle_n each_o of_o these_o consist_v of_o 1500_o foot_n and_o 500_o horse_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o enlarge_v his_o conquest_n edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n to_o prevent_v the_o blow_n which_o so_o desperate_o hang_v over_o his_o head_n send_v over_o for_o succour_n from_o ireland_n of_o who_o come_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v certify_v man_v out_o a_o fleet_n to_o intercept_v they_o which_o meet_v with_o the_o irish_a at_o sea_n after_o a_o sharp_a dispute_n force_v they_o to_o return_v back_o with_o loss_n king_n henry_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o irish_a resolve_v to_o come_v in_o person_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o have_v draw_v together_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o england_n even_o from_o st._n michael_n mount_n in_o cornwall_n to_o the_o river_n tweed_n march_v with_o his_o son_n edward_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n to_o north-wales_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n advance_v as_o far_o as_o teganwy_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v stop_v his_o far_a progress_n and_o prevent_v any_o long_a stay_n he_o can_v make_v in_o wales_n have_v before_o hand_n cause_v all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o forage_v to_o be_v carry_v over_o the_o river_n and_o then_o secure_v the_o strait_a and_o narrow_a passage_n whereby_o the_o english_a may_v get_v on_o far_a into_o the_o country_n the_o army_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n so_o mortal_o fatigue_v that_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_a subsistance_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v in_o haste_n to_o england_n with_o considerable_a loss_n the_o prince_n after_o that_o send_n for_o all_o the_o force_n in_o south-wales_n come_v to_o the_o march_n where_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v his_o estate_n yield_v himself_o up_o and_o then_o pass_v to_o powy_n he_o banish_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n and_o take_v all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o country_n into_o his_o hand_n proceed_v far_o he_o be_v encounter_v with_o by_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o with_o a_o choice_a party_n of_o english_a give_v he_o battle_n but_o lhewelyn_n army_n exceed_v both_o in_o number_n and_o courage_n easy_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v the_o english_a and_o so_o the_o victory_n be_v quick_o obtain_v the_o prince_n present_o reduce_v to_o his_o power_n all_o the_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n henry_n hear_v of_o the_o earl_n overthrow_n be_v much_o concern_v at_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a soldier_n in_o who_o valour_n and_o experience_n he_o always_o put_v a_o very_a great_a confidence_n and_o therefore_o to_o revenge_v their_o death_n he_o be_v again_o resolve_v to_o march_v against_o the_o welsh_a have_v call_v his_o force_n together_o and_o receive_v supply_v from_o gascoign_n and_o ireland_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n but_o not_o dare_v to_o venture_v far_o into_o the_o country_n for_o fear_v of_o be_v force_v to_o make_v another_o shameful_a retreat_n he_o only_o destroy_v the_o corn_n near_o the_o border_n it_o be_v harvest_n
do_v not_o last_v long_o the_o english_a governor_n in_o the_o march_n and_o inland_n â—_z of_o wales_n presume_v upon_o the_o prince_n submission_n to_o the_o king_n grievous_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n with_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o 〈◊〉_d action_n and_o with_o intolerable_a partiality_n open_o encourage_v the_o english_a to_o defraud_v and_o oppress_v tâ—â—_n welch_n these_o insupportable_a practice_n move_v tâ—â—_n welch_n to_o go_v in_o a_o body_n to_o david_n lord_n of_o denbigâ—_n to_o endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n between_o he_o and_o 〈◊〉_d brother_n the_o prince_n that_o they_o both_o be_v at_o unity_n may_v easy_o deliver_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n from_o the_o unmerciful_a tyranny_n of_o the_o english_a david_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o misery_n of_o his_o countryman_n a.d._n 1281_o and_o therefore_o glad_o submit_v to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o his_o brother_n with_o promise_n never_o to_o side_n again_o with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o to_o become_v his_o 〈◊〉_d enemy_n this_o happy_a union_n be_v thus_o effect_v david_n be_v choose_v general_n of_o the_o army_n with_o which_o he_o present_o march_v to_o hawarden_n and_o surprise_v the_o castle_n slay_v all_o that_o oppose_v he_o and_o take_v rogeâ—_n clifford_n prisoner_n who_o have_v be_v send_v by_o king_n edward_n justitiar_n into_o those_o part_n from_o thence_o be_v join_v by_o the_o prince_n he_o pass_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o upon_o notice_n give_v that_o the_o king_n be_v march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n he_o think_v convenient_a to_o withdraw_v and_o to_o retire_v back_o at_o the_o same_o time_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi maelgon_n and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n with_o other_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n take_v from_o the_o english_a the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n with_o divers_a other_o in_o that_o country_n and_o spoil_v all_o the_o people_n thereabouts_o who_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n john_n peckham_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n perceive_v how_o matter_n be_v like_a to_o proceed_v between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o prince_n and_o how_o the_o kingdom_n be_v effectual_o involve_v in_o a_o war_n of_o his_o own_o proper_a motion_n come_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n to_o endeavour_v a_o re-submission_n from_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n david_n to_o king_n edward_n and_o so_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o any_o far_a hostility_n but_o he_o send_v beforehand_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n of_o wales_n intimate_v to_o they_o that_o for_o the_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o the_o welsh_a nation_n he_o undertake_v this_o arbitration_n without_o the_o knowledge_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v like_n and_o therefore_o earnest_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v submit_v to_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o english_a which_o himself_o will_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v to_o pass_v and_o because_o he_o can_v make_v no_o long_a continuance_n in_o those_o part_n he_o wish_v they_o to_o consider_v how_o that_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o depart_v before_o any_o thing_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o conclusion_n they_o can_v hardly_o find_v another_o who_o will_v so_o hearty_o espouse_v their_o cause_n and_o far_o threaten_v that_o in_o case_n they_o contemn_v and_o deride_v his_o endeavour_n he_o will_v not_o only_o instigate_v the_o english_a army_n now_o great_o strengthen_v and_o increase_v to_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o also_o signify_v their_o stubbornness_n to_o the_o court_n and_o bishop_n of_o rome_n who_o esteem_v and_o honour_a england_n beyond_o any_o other_o kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n moreover_o he_o much_o lament_v to_o hear_v of_o the_o excessive_a cruelty_n of_o the_o welsh_a even_o beyond_o that_o of_o the_o saracen_n and_o other_o infidel_n who_o never_o refuse_v to_o permit_v slave_n and_o captive_n to_o be_v ransom_v which_o the_o welsh_a be_v so_o far_o from_o practise_v that_o even_o some_o time_n they_o slay_v those_o for_o who_o redemption_n they_o receive_v money_n and_o whereas_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o esteem_v and_o reverence_v holy_a and_o ecclesiastical_a person_n they_o be_v now_o so_o far_o degenerate_v from_o devotion_n and_o sanctity_n that_o nothing_o be_v more_o acceptable_a to_o they_o than_o war_n and_o sedition_n which_o they_o have_v now_o great_a need_n to_o forsake_v and_o repent_v of_o last_o he_o propose_v that_o they_o will_v signify_v to_o he_o wherein_z and_o what_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o they_o be_v violate_v by_o the_o english_a and_o by_o what_o mean_v a_o firm_a and_o a_o last_a peace_n may_v be_v establish_v which_o if_o they_o reject_v they_o must_v expect_v to_o incur_v the_o decree_n and_o censure_n of_o the_o church_n as_o well_o as_o endure_v the_o violent_a inroad_n and_o depredation_n of_o a_o powerful_a army_n to_o these_o partly_o admonition_n and_o partly_o threaten_n of_o the_o archbishop_n prince_n lhewelyn_n return_v a_o answer_n that_o he_o humble_o thank_v his_o grace_n for_o the_o pain_n and_o trouble_v he_o undertake_v in_o his_o and_o his_o subject_n behalf_n and_o more_o particular_o because_o he_o will_v venture_v to_o come_v to_o wales_n contrary_a to_o the_o pleasure_n and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o king_n and_o as_o for_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o he_o he_o will_v not_o have_v his_o grace_n be_v ignorant_a that_o with_o all_o readiness_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o submit_v to_o it_o upon_o condition_n that_o the_o king_n will_v due_o and_o sincere_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o though_o he_o will_v be_v glad_a of_o his_o long_a a.d._n 1201_o continuance_n in_o wales_n yet_o he_o hope_v that_o no_o obstruction_n will_v happen_v of_o his_o side_n why_o a_o peace_n which_o of_o all_o thing_n he_o most_o desire_a may_v not_o be_v forthwith_o conclude_v and_o rather_o by_o his_o grace_n procure_v than_o any_o other_o so_o that_o there_o will_v be_v no_o far_o need_v of_o acquaint_v the_o pope_n with_o his_o obstinacy_n nor_o move_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o use_v any_o force_n against_o he_o and_o though_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v under_o the_o immediate_a protection_n of_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n yet_o when_o his_o holiness_n come_v to_o understand_v of_o the_o great_a and_o unsufferable_a wrong_n do_v to_o he_o by_o the_o english_a how_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n be_v break_v church_n and_o all_o other_o religious_a house_n in_o wales_n be_v burn_v down_o and_o destroy_v and_o religious_a person_n unchristian_o murder_v he_o hope_v he_o will_v rather_o pity_v and_o lament_v his_o condition_n than_o with_o addition_n of_o punishment_n increase_v and_o augment_v his_o sorrow_n neither_o shall_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v any_o wise_a disquiet_v and_o molest_v by_o his_o mean_n in_o case_n the_o peace_n be_v religious_o observe_v towards_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n but_o who_o they_o be_v that_o delight_n themselves_o with_o war_n and_o bloodshed_n manifest_o appear_v by_o their_o action_n and_o behaviour_n the_o weâ—ch_n be_v glad_a to_o live_v quiet_o upon_o their_o own_o if_o they_o may_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o english_a who_o come_v to_o the_o country_n utter_o destroy_v whatever_o come_v in_o their_o way_n without_o regard_n either_o to_o sex_n age_n or_o religious_a place_n but_o he_o be_v extreme_a sorry_a that_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v slay_v have_v pay_v his_o râ—â—â—â—â—_n the_o author_n of_o which_o unworthy_a action_n he_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o maintain_v but_o will_v inflict_v upon_o he_o his_o condign_a punishment_n in_o case_n he_o can_v be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o desert_n where_o as_o a_o outlaw_n â—he_n live_v undiscovered_a but_o as_o to_o commence_v a_o war_n in_o a_o season_n inconvenient_a he_o protest_v he_o know_v nothing_o of_o that_o till_o now_o yet_o those_o that_o do_v so_o do_v solemn_o attest_v that_o to_o be_v the_o only_a measure_n they_o have_v to_o save_v 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and_o ejection_n out_o of_o our_o estate_n the_o sense_n of_o oppression_n and_o tyrannical_a government_n have_v compel_v we_o to_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o the_o security_n of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n therefore_o as_o the_o english_a be_v not_o disposess_v of_o their_o estate_n for_o their_o offence_n against_o the_o king_n so_o we_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v punish_v or_o make_v other_o satisfaction_n for_o our_o crime_n without_o be_v disinherit_v and_o as_o to_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n it_o be_v notorious_a that_o they_o be_v the_o author_n who_o never_o regard_v either_o promise_n or_o covenant_n never_o make_v amends_o for_o trespass_n nor_o remedy_n for_o our_o complaint_n when_o the_o archbishop_n see_v there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n of_o a_o mediation_n and_o that_o a_o peace_n be_v impossible_a to_o be_v conclude_v as_o long_o as_o the_o welsh_a stick_v upon_o condition_n he_o present_o relinquish_v his_o pretend_a affection_n towards_o they_o and_o denounce_v a_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n against_o the_o prince_n and_o all_o his_o adherent_n it_o be_v a_o subject_n of_o no_o little_a wonder_n that_o a_o person_n of_o so_o repute_v a_o sanctity_n who_o esteem_v the_o several_a grievance_n do_v to_o the_o welsh_a to_o be_v intolerable_a shall_v now_o condemn_v they_o for_o refusal_n of_o unlimited_a submission_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n whereas_o he_o have_v already_o own_v it_o to_o be_v unreasonable_a but_o this_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n be_v only_o a_o prologue_n to_o a_o more_o melancholy_a scene_n king_n edward_z immediate_o upon_o it_o send_v a_o army_n by_o sea_n to_o anglesey_n without_o any_o great_a opposition_n conquer_v the_o island_n and_o without_o any_o mercy_n put_v all_o that_o withstand_v he_o to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o design_v to_o pass_v over_o to_o the_o continent_n he_o cause_v a_o bridge_n of_o boat_n cover_v with_o plank_n to_o be_v build_v over_o the_o menay_n be_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o part_v the_o isle_n from_o the_o main_a land_n at_o a_o place_n call_v moel_n y_o don_n not_o far_o from_o bangor_n where_o the_o water_n be_v narrow_a the_o bridge_n be_v finish_v which_o be_v so_o broad_a as_o that_o threescore_o man_n may_v pass_v in_o a_o breast_n william_n latimer_n with_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o the_o best_a experience_a soldier_n and_o sir_n lucas_n thany_n commander_n of_o the_o gascoign_n and_o spaniard_n whereof_o a_o great_a number_n serve_v the_o king_n pass_v over_o but_o can_v discover_v no_o sign_n or_o any_o the_o least_o intimation_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o tide_n begin_v to_o appear_v and_o the_o sea_n have_v overflow_v beside_o the_o bridge_n down_o come_v the_o welsh_a fierce_o out_o of_o the_o mountain_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o dishearten_v english_a kill_v or_o drown_v their_o whole_a number_n except_v latimer_n who_o by_o the_o swim_n of_o his_o horse_n get_v safe_a to_o the_o bridge_n in_o this_o action_n several_a worthy_a soldier_n of_o the_o english_a side_n be_v lose_v among_o who_o be_v sir_n lucas_n thany_n robert_n clifford_n sir_n walter_z lyndsey_n two_o brother_n of_o robert_n burnel_n bishop_n of_o bath_n with_o many_o other_o in_o all_o to_o the_o number_n of_o thirteen_o knight_n seventeen_o young_a gentleman_n and_o two_o hundred_o common_a soldier_n a_o little_a after_o or_o as_o some_o say_v afore_o another_o engagement_n pass_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a wherein_o the_o former_a lose_v fourteen_o colour_n the_o lord_n audley_n and_o clifford_n the_o young_a be_v slay_v and_o the_o king_n himself_o force_v to_o retreat_n for_o safety_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o hope_n and_o while_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o north-wales_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o sir_n edmund_n mortimer_n act_v vigorous_o with_o their_o force_n in_o south-wales_n and_o fight_v the_o welsh_a at_o lhandeilo_n fawr_n overthrow_v they_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o no_o 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there_o to_o consult_v with_o certain_a lord_n of_o the_o country_n who_o have_v appoint_v to_o meet_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n mortimer_n descend_v from_o the_o hill_n with_o intention_n to_o fall_v upon_o lhewelyn_n man_n which_o they_o perceive_v betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o bridge_n call_v pont_n orewyn_n and_o manful_o defend_v the_o passage_n he_o be_v to_o cross_v mortimer_n can_v effect_v nothing_o against_o they_o till_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o bridge_n the_o river_n be_v unpassable_a and_o to_o force_v they_o to_o quit_v it_o seem_v altogether_o impracticable_a but_o at_o last_o the_o river_n be_v discover_v to_o be_v fordable_a a_o little_a below_o and_o so_o helias_n walwyn_n be_v detach_v with_o a_o party_n through_o the_o river_n who_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o the_o back_n of_o the_o defendant_n easy_o force_v they_o to_o leave_v the_o bridge_n and_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n prince_n lhewelyn_n all_o this_o while_n in_o vain_a expect_v the_o lord_n of_o buelht_n and_o in_o fine_a continue_a to_o wait_v so_o long_o till_o mortimer_n have_v pass_v over_o the_o bridge_n surround_v the_o wood_n he_o be_v in_o with_o arm_a men._n the_o prince_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v betray_v think_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n to_o his_o man_n but_o the_o english_a so_o close_o pursue_v he_o that_o before_o he_o can_v come_v in_o one_o adam_n francton_n not_o know_v who_o he_o be_v run_v he_o through_o with_o his_o sword_n be_v unarm_v the_o welsh_a still_o expect_v the_o arrival_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o though_o but_o a_o few_o in_o number_n so_o gallant_o maintain_v their_o ground_n that_o in_o spite_n of_o the_o far_o great_a number_n of_o the_o english_a they_o be_v at_o length_n with_o much_o ado_n put_v to_o flight_n the_o battle_n be_v over_o francton_n return_v to_o plunder_v his_o dead_a but_o perceive_v he_o to_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n he_o think_v himself_o to_o have_v obtain_v a_o sufficient_a prize_n and_o thereupon_o present_o chop_v off_o his_o head_n and_o send_v it_o to_o king_n edward_n at_o conwey_n who_o very_o joyful_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o high_a pinnacle_n of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o thus_o fall_v this_o worthy_a prince_n the_o great_a though_o the_o last_o of_o the_o british_a blood_n betray_v most_o base_o by_o the_o lord_n of_o buelht_n and_o be_v dead_a most_o unworthy_o deal_v with_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o contrary_a to_o all_o precedent_n treat_v a_o lawful_a prince_n like_o a_o traitor_n and_o expose_v his_o crown_a head_n to_o the_o derision_n of_o the_o multitude_n not_o long_o after_o david_n the_o prince_n brother_n be_v deliver_v up_o by_o the_o welch_n themselves_o and_o in_o a_o parliament_n for_o that_o purpose_n assemble_v at_o shrewsbury_n be_v condemn_v to_o die_v his_o head_n to_o be_v send_v to_o accompany_v his_o brother_n upon_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o his_o four_o quarter_n to_o the_o four_o 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wales_n king_n edward_n by_o a_o statute_n make_v at_o ruthlan_n incorporate_v and_o annex_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n i._n anno_fw-la 12._o edw._n i._n constitute_v several_a new_a and_o wholesome_a law_n as_o concern_v the_o division_n of_o wales_n into_o several_a county_n the_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o writ_n and_o proceed_n in_o trial_n with_o many_o other_o not_o very_o unlike_a the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n but_o all_o this_o can_v never_o win_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o welsh_a towards_o he_o who_o by_o no_o mean_n will_v own_v he_o as_o their_o sovereign_n unless_o he_o will_v condescend_v and_o agree_v to_o live_v and_o reign_v among_o they_o they_o have_v not_o forget_v the_o cruel_a oppression_n and_o intolerable_a insolence_n oâ—_n english_a officer_n and_o therefore_o they_o flat_o tell_v he_o they_o will_v never_o yield_v obedience_n to_o any_o other_o than_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n of_o their_o own_o 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â—is_n own_o devotion_n begin_v to_o reward_v his_o follower_n with_o other_o man_n propriety_n and_o bestow_v whole_a lordship_n and_o town_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o country_n â—pon_o english_a lord_n among_o who_o henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lineoln_n obtain_v the_o lordship_n of_o denbigh_n reginald_n grey_n second_o son_n to_o john_n lord_n grey_n of_o wilton_n the_o lordship_n of_o ruthyn_n this_o henry_n lacie_n be_v son_n to_o edmund_n lacie_n the_o son_n of_o john_n lacie_n lord_n of_o halton_n pomfret_n and_o constable_n of_o chester_n who_o marry_v margaret_n the_o elder_a daughter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o heir_n of_o robert_n quincy_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n this_o henry_n lacie_n lord_n of_o denbigh_n marry_v the_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n of_o william_n longspear_n earl_n of_o salusbury_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n two_o son_n edmund_n and_o john_n who_o both_o die_v young_a one_o by_o a_o fall_n into_o a_o very_a deep_a well_o within_o the_o castle_n of_o 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and_o may_v be_v to_o their_o great_a oppression_n in_o those_o right_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v and_o hitherto_o enjoy_v with_o their_o estate_n and_o also_o on_o occasion_n of_o great_a vexation_n to_o many_o of_o your_o majesty_n subject_n who_o have_v long_o have_v the_o absolute_a inheritance_n of_o several_a land_n comprehend_v in_o the_o say_a grant_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n by_o ancient_a grant_n from_o the_o crown_n his_o majesty_n answer_n gentleman_n i_o have_v kindness_n for_o my_o lord_n portland_n which_o he_o have_v deserve_v of_o i_o by_o long_a and_o faithful_a service_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v give_v he_o these_o land_n if_o i_o have_v imagine_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o can_v have_v be_v concern_v i_o will_v therefore_o recall_v the_o grant_n and_o find_v some_o other_o way_n of_o show_v my_o favour_n to_o he_o the_o lordship_n of_o ruthyn_n continue_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o grays_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vii_o 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and_o go_v against_o sir_n rhy_n who_o army_n he_o quick_o disperse_v and_o overthrow_v his_o castle_n of_o drefolan_n but_o not_o without_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o of_o his_o chief_a men._n for_o as_o they_o besiege_v and_o undermine_v the_o say_a castle_n the_o wall_n unexpected_o fall_v down_o by_o which_o unlucky_a accident_n several_a of_o the_o english_a be_v oppress_v and_o bruise_v to_o death_n among_o who_o be_v the_o lord_n strafford_n and_o the_o lord_n william_n de_fw-fr monchency_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o robert_z tiptost_a lord_n deputy_n of_o wales_n raise_v a_o very_a powerful_a army_n against_o sir_n rhys_n and_o after_o a_o slaughter_n of_o 4000_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v he_o prisoner_n who_o the_o michaelmas_n follow_v at_o the_o king_n be_v go_v to_o scotland_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v at_o york_n a.d._n 1293_o but_o the_o death_n of_o sir_n rhys_n do_v not_o put_v a_o final_a period_n to_o all_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a for_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o there_o happen_v a_o new_a occasion_n for_o the_o welsh_a to_o murmur_v against_o and_o upbraid_v the_o government_n of_o the_o english_a over_o they_o king_n edward_n be_v now_o in_o actual_a enmity_n and_o war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o which_o he_o want_v a_o liberal_a subsidy_n and_o supply_n from_o his_o subject_n this_o tax_n be_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o passion_n and_o reluctancy_n levy_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n the_o welsh_a being_n never_o acquaint_v with_o such_o large_a contribution_n before_o a.d._n 1294_o violent_o storm_v and_o exclaim_v against_o it_o but_o not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o villify_a the_o king_n command_n they_o take_v their_o own_o captain_n roger_n de_fw-fr puelesdon_n who_o be_v appoint_v collector_n of_o the_o say_a subsidy_n and_o hang_v he_o up_o together_o with_o divers_z other_o who_o abet_v the_o collect_v of_o the_o tax_n then_o west-wales_n man_n choose_v maelgon_n fychan_n for_o their_o captain_n and_o so_o enter_v into_o caermardhyn_n and_o pembroke-shire_n they_o cruel_o harass_v all_o the_o land_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a and_o then_o return_v lade_v with_o considerable_a booty_n the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n and_o they_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n choose_v one_o morgan_n for_o their_o leader_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o they_o force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o morgan_n be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o those_o land_n which_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o morgan_n forefather_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o north-wales_n man_n set_v up_o one_o madoc_n relate_v to_o the_o last_o lhewelyn_n slay_v at_o buelht_n who_o have_v draw_v together_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n come_v to_o caernarvon_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o 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england_n both_o as_o to_o the_o substance_n and_o form_n of_o worship_n but_o what_o may_v more_o true_o be_v attribute_v to_o mr._n gouge_n be_v that_o since_o his_o travel_n into_o wales_n and_o the_o propagate_a of_o his_o doctrine_n among_o the_o ignorant_a of_o that_o country_n presbytery_n which_o before_o have_v scarce_o take_v root_n have_v daily_o increase_v and_o grow_v to_o a_o head_n henry_n elder_a son_n of_o king_n james_n the_o first_o be_v arrive_v to_o the_o age_n of_o seventeen_o year_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n on_o the_o 30_o of_o may_n anno_fw-la 1610_o but_o he_o die_v of_o a_o malignant_a fever_n about_o two_o year_n after_o his_o brother_n charles_n be_v fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n in_o his_o room_n anno_fw-la 1615._o for_o joy_n of_o this_o new_a creation_n the_o town_n of_o ludlow_n and_o city_n of_o london_n perform_v very_o great_a triumph_n and_o the_o more_o to_o honour_v this_o solemnity_n the_o king_n make_v twenty_o five_o knight_n of_o the_o bath_n all_o lord_n or_o baron_n son_n and_o the_o inn_n of_o court_n to_o express_v their_o joy_n elect_v out_o of_o their_o body_n forty_o choice_a gentleman_n to_o perform_v solemn_a just_n and_o barryers_n charles_n elder_a son_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o by_o henrietta_n maria_n daughter_z to_z king_n henry_n the_o four_o of_o france_n be_v bear_v may_n 29._o 1630._o and_o afterward_o create_v prince_n of_o wales_n since_o the_o happy_a incorporation_n of_o the_o welsh_a with_o the_o english_a the_o history_n of_o both_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o people_n be_v unite_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o repeat_v that_o which_o be_v so_o copious_o and_o frequenty_n deliver_v by_o the_o english_a historian_n but_o shall_v conclude_v with_o dr._n heylyn_n that_o since_o the_o welsh_a have_v be_v incorporate_v with_o the_o english_a they_o have_v show_v themselves_o most_o loyal_a hearty_a and_o affectionate_a subject_n of_o the_o state_n cordial_o devote_v to_o their_o king_n and_o zealous_a in_o defence_n â—f_o their_o law_n liberty_n and_o religion_n as_o well_o as_o any_o â—f_n the_o best_a of_o their_o fellow-subject_n appendix_n the_o return_n of_o a_o commission_n send_v into_o wales_n by_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o to_o search_v out_o the_o pedigree_n of_o owen_n tudor_n henry_n the_o seven_o king_n of_o england_n etc._n etc._n son_n of_o edmund_n earl_n of_o richmond_n son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o of_o queen_n catherine_n his_o wife_n daughter_z â—o_z charles_n the_o sixth_z king_n of_o france_n this_o owen_n be_v son_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n baron_n of_o brinfeingle_a in_o denbigh_n land_n lord_n of_o kricâ—th_n chief_z justice_z and_z chief_z of_o council_n to_o llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n drwyndwn_n prince_n of_o all_o wales_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o prince_n llewelyn_n grow_v a_o variance_n between_o king_n john_n of_o england_n and_o the_o say_a prince_n whereupon_o ednyfe_v come_v with_o the_o prince_n host_n and_o man_n of_o war_n and_o also_o a_o number_n of_o his_o own_o people_n and_o meet_v these_o english_a lord_n in_o a_o morning_n at_o what_o time_n these_o english_a lord_n be_v hosty_v and_o slay_v and_o immediate_o bring_v their_o head_n be_v yet_o bloody_a to_o the_o say_a prince_n llewelyn_n the_o prince_n see_v the_o same_o cause_v ednyfe_v fychan_n from_o thenceforth_o to_o bear_v in_o his_o arm_n or_o shield_n three_o bloody_a head_n in_o token_n of_o his_o victory_n where_o he_o have_v bear_v in_o his_o arm_n before_o a_o saracen_n head_n and_o so_o ever_o after_o this_o ednyfed_a bear_v the_o say_a arm_n his_o son_n and_o his_o son_n son_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o tuder_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n and_o after_o this_o ednyfe_v wed_v one_o gwenllian_a daughter_n to_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n and_o have_v issue_n by_o her_o gronw_n which_o ednyfe_v fychan_n have_v in_o wales_n divers_a goodly_a house_n royal_o adorn_v with_o turret_n and_o garret_n some_o in_o anglesey_n some_o other_o in_o caernarvonshire_n and_o and_o some_o in_o denbighland_n but_o his_o chief_a manor-house_n be_v in_o the_o commot_n of_o crythin_n in_o caernarvonshire_n which_o be_v a_o royal_a palace_n now_o decay_v for_o want_n of_o reparation_n also_o he_o build_v there_o a_o chapel_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o our_o lady_n and_o have_v licence_n of_o the_o pope_n for_o evermore_o to_o sing_v divine_a service_n therein_o for_o his_o soul_n and_o his_o ancestor_n and_o progenitor_n soul_n always_o and_o have_v authority_n to_o give_v his_o tithe_n and_o offering_n to_o his_o chaplain_n there_o vid._n a_o serve_a starve_v which_o ednyfe_v fychan_n be_v son_n to_o kyner_n ap_fw-mi lers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwgan_n ap_fw-mi marchudd_v which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o fifteen_o tribe_n of_o north-wales_n and_o son_n to_o kynan_n ap_fw-mi elfyn_n ap_fw-mi mor_fw-mi ap_fw-mi mynan_n ap_fw-mi isbwis_fw-mi newintyrche_fw-fr ap_fw-mi isbwis_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadrod_n calch_n efynydd_n earl_n of_o dunstable_n and_o lord_n of_o northampton_n ap_fw-mi cywyd_n cindion_n ap_fw-mi cynfelyn_n ap_fw-mi arthuys_n ap_fw-mi morydd_n ap_fw-mi cynnaw_fw-mi ap_fw-mi coel_n godeboc_fw-fr king_n of_o britain_n of_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o descend_v lineal_o by_o issue-male_n and_o be_v son_n to_o the_o say_v coel_n in_o the_o thirty_o first_o degree_n as_o it_o be_v approve_v by_o old_a chronicle_n in_o wales_n which_o coel_n be_v son_n of_o tegfan_n ap_fw-mi deheufraint_n ap_fw-mi tudâ—wyl_n ap_fw-mi urban_n ap_fw-mi gradd_n ap_fw-mi rhyfedel_n ap_fw-mi rhydeirne_n ap_fw-mi endigant_n ap_fw-mi endeyrn_n ap_fw-mi enid_n ap_fw-mi endos_fw-mi ap_fw-mi enddolaw_n ap_fw-mi afalach_n ap_fw-mi afflech_n ap_fw-mi beli_n mawr_fw-mi king_n of_o britain_n of_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o descend_v by_o issue-male_n â—nd_n be_v son_n to_o he_o in_o forty_o one_o degree_n which_o beli_n be_v son_n to_o monnogon_n king_n ap_fw-mi king_n â—axor_fw-la ap_fw-mi king_n pyr_n ap_fw-mi king_n soul_fw-mi benissel_n ap_fw-mi rhytherech_n king_n ap_fw-mi rydion_n king_n ap_fw-mi eidol_n king_n ap_fw-mi arthafel_n king_n ap_fw-mi seissilt_fw-mi king_n ap_fw-mi owen_n king_n ap_fw-mi caxho_fw-mi king_n ap_fw-mi bleuddyd_v king_n â—p_n meirion_n king_n ap_fw-mi gwrgust_n king_n ap_fw-mi elydno_n king_n ap_fw-mi clydawc_n king_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n king_n ap_fw-mi urien_n king_n ap_fw-mi andrew_n king_n ap_fw-mi kereni_n king_n ap_fw-mi porrex_n king_n ap_fw-mi coel_n king_n ap_fw-mi cadell_n king_n ap_fw-mi geraint_n king_n ap_fw-mi elidr_n king_n ap_fw-mi morydd_n king_n ap_fw-mi dan_fw-mi king_n ap_fw-mi seissilt_fw-mi king_n ap_fw-mi cyâ—elyn_n king_n ap_fw-mi gwrgan_n king_n alias_o farfâ—rwch_v ap_fw-mi beli_n king_n ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n king_n ap_fw-mi dodion_n king_n ap_fw-mi enyd_v ap_fw-mi kwrwyd_n ap_fw-mi cyrdon_v ap_fw-mi dyfufarth_n prydain_n ap_fw-mi aedd_fw-mi mawr_fw-mi ap_fw-mi antonius_n ap_fw-mi seisillt_n king_n ap_fw-mi rhegaw_n daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o king_n lyr_n and_o wife_n of_o henwin_n prince_n of_o cornwall_n this_o lyr_n be_v son_n of_o bleuddyd_v ab_fw-la rhunbaladr_n brâs_fw-la ap_fw-mi lleon_n ap_fw-mi brutus_n darian_n lâ_v ap_fw-mi effroc_n cadarn_n ap_fw-mi mymbyr_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n ap_fw-mi locrine_n ap_fw-mi brutus_n which_o inherit_v first_o this_o land_n and_o after_o his_o name_n be_v call_v britain_n and_o have_v three_o son_n locrine_n kamber_n and_o albanactus_n locrine_n the_o elder_a part_v the_o isle_n with_o his_o brethren_n and_o keep_v half_o the_o land_n for_o himself_o and_o call_v it_o loegria_n kamber_n second_o son_n have_v the_o land_n beyond_o severn_n and_o name_v it_o kambria_n in_o english_a wales_n albanactus_n have_v scotland_n which_o he_o then_o call_v albania_n after_o his_o own_o name_n of_o which_o brute_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v lineal_o descend_v by_o issue-male_n save_v one_o woman_n and_o be_v son_n to_o brute_n in_o five_o score_n degree_n how_o owen_n grandsire_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o come_v of_o beli_n mawr_n by_o angharad_n mother_n to_o ednyfed_a by_o issue-female_a by_o gittin_n owen_n and_o sir_n john_n leiaf_n book_n the_o mother_n of_o ednyfed_a be_v angharad_n daughter_n of_o hwfa_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi rhywallon_n ap_fw-mi ding_v ap_fw-mi tudor_n trefor_n ap_fw-mi mymbyr_n ap_fw-mi cadfarch_n ap_fw-mi gwrgenaw_n ap_fw-mi gwaethiawe_fw-mi ap_fw-mi bywyn_n ap_fw-mi biordderch_n ap_fw-mi gwriawn_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwnnan_n ap_fw-mi gwnfiw_o frych_a ap_fw-mi cadell_n dehurnlluc_n ap_fw-mi pasgan_n ap_fw-mi rhydwf_n ap_fw-mi rhudd_v fedel_n frych_a ap_fw-mi cyndeirn_n ap_fw-mi gwrtheirn_n gwrthenau_n call_v in_o english_a vertiger_n by_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o by_o the_o foresay_a angharad_n mother_n to_o ednyfed_a fychan_n and_o wife_n to_o cyner_n ab_fw-la jer_n ap_fw-mi gwgon_fw-mi be_v son_n to_o the_o say_v vortiger_n in_o thirty_o degree_n which_o vortiger_n be_v son_n to_o rhydeyrn_n ap_fw-mi
ei_fw-la diaboâ—s_fw-la delegavit_fw-la praeterea_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la impungitis_fw-la dicenâ—_n quod_fw-la regales_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la &_o personas_fw-la ecclesiasticas_fw-la â—udeli_fw-la vastavit_fw-la tyrannide_fw-la &_o consumunt_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la tater_fw-la respondemus_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la praedicta_fw-la mala_fw-la â—ec_fw-la fieri_fw-la mandavit_fw-la nec_fw-la rata_fw-la habuit_fw-la quin_fw-la potius_fw-la nobis_fw-la â—btulit_fw-la ultronei_fw-la quod_fw-la quam_fw-la citò_fw-la aderit_fw-la oportunitas_fw-la â—cclesiarum_fw-la proponit_fw-la dispendia_fw-la resarcire_fw-la quod_fw-la differt_fw-la â—sque_fw-la ad_fw-la sedatam_fw-la guerrae_fw-la tempestatem_fw-la ne_fw-la si_fw-la prius_fw-la fiest_z destruerentur_fw-la iterum_fw-la per_fw-la latrones_fw-la praeterea_fw-la timetis_fw-la 〈◊〉_d anglia_fw-it honorem_fw-la suscipere_fw-la ne_o consequenter_fw-la vobis_fw-la ocâ—asionata_fw-la malitia_fw-la auferatur_fw-la cum_fw-la tamen_fw-la fateamini_fw-la quod_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la nullum_fw-la suum_fw-la exhaeredaverit_fw-la inimicum_fw-la quoth_v frustra_fw-la vos_fw-la timere_fw-la credimus_fw-la si_fw-la legaliter_fw-la vivere_fw-la â—os_v &_o vestri_fw-la didiceritis_fw-la &_o non_fw-la a_o pari_fw-la cum_fw-la domino_fw-la â—estro_fw-la contendere_fw-la vel_fw-la certare_fw-la moor_n vobis_fw-la &_o popuâ—o_fw-la vestro_fw-la causamini_fw-la incognitos_fw-la &_o nos_fw-la è_fw-la contrario_fw-la opiâ—amur_fw-la quod_fw-la expediret_fw-la vobis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la in_o modum_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o mores_fw-la penitus_fw-la transformari_fw-la cum_fw-la enim_fw-la sitis_fw-la sicut_fw-la â—aeteri_fw-la homines_fw-la donis_fw-la dei_fw-la gratuitis_fw-la adornati_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o veâ—tro_fw-la anglo_n devoramini_fw-la ut_fw-la nec_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la juvetis_fw-la conâ—ra_fw-la host_n fidei_fw-la militando_fw-la nec_fw-la clerum_fw-la study_v sapientiae_fw-la exceptis_fw-la paucissimis_fw-la decoretis_fw-la quin_fw-la potius_fw-la maâ—or_fw-la pars_fw-la vestrûm_fw-la torpet_fw-la otio_fw-la &_o lascivis_fw-la ut_fw-la pene_fw-la neâ—ciat_fw-la mundus_fw-la vos_fw-la esse_fw-la populum_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la paucos_fw-la ex_fw-la vobis_fw-la qui_fw-la videntur_fw-la ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la in_fw-la mendicare_fw-la deinde_fw-la â—cribitis_fw-la quod_fw-la creditis_fw-la altissimum_fw-la vos_fw-la juvare_fw-la pro_fw-la justitia_fw-la decertantes_fw-la utinam_fw-la inquam_fw-la altissimus_fw-la juvet_fw-la vos_fw-la salubriter_fw-la &_o dirigat_fw-la ad_fw-la salutem_fw-la sed_fw-la ne_fw-la ruinas_fw-la aliquas_fw-la anglorum_fw-la ex_fw-la inconsideratione_fw-la sva_fw-la provenientes_fw-la vestris_fw-la velitis_fw-la meritis_fw-la arrogare_fw-la curetis_fw-la ad_fw-la vertere_fw-la qualiter_fw-la qui_fw-la iâ—_n coelis_fw-la habitat_fw-la fatuos_fw-la sublimat_n &_o elevat_fw-la ad_fw-la modicum_fw-la ut_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la allidat_fw-la sic_fw-la certe_fw-la 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prius_fw-la confusos_fw-la quasi_fw-la totaliter_fw-la sit_fw-la deleta_fw-la sic_fw-la certe_fw-la aliter_fw-la flagellat_n dominus_fw-la filios_fw-la quos_fw-la recipit_fw-la &_o aliter_fw-la quos_fw-la decernit_fw-la ut_fw-la arbores_fw-la steriles_fw-la extirpare_fw-la ista_fw-la vobis_fw-la scribimus_fw-la in_o cordis_fw-la amaritudine_fw-la ab_fw-la his_fw-la partibus_fw-la recedentes_fw-la nec_fw-la prenidicare_fw-la intendimus_fw-la salubriori_fw-la consilio_fw-la si_fw-la vobis_fw-la coelitus_fw-la destinetur_fw-la nec_fw-la latere_fw-la vos_fw-la volumus_fw-la quod_fw-la nullum_fw-la per_fw-la vos_fw-la invenimus_fw-la excusationis_fw-la sufficiens_fw-la remedium_fw-la quo_fw-la obstante_fw-la minime_fw-la debeatis_fw-la in_o excors_fw-la irnam_n incidisse_fw-la pernuntiari_fw-la dudum_fw-la latet_fw-la in_o oxon_n consilio_fw-la contra_fw-la pacis_fw-la regiae_fw-la turbatores_fw-la viam_fw-la autem_fw-la pacis_fw-la aliam_fw-la invenire_fw-la non_fw-la possumus_fw-la 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occisus_fw-la est_fw-la per_fw-la familiam_fw-la domini_fw-la cadmundi_fw-la de_fw-la mortuo_fw-la mari_fw-fr silij_fw-la domini_fw-la rogeri_n de_fw-la mortuo_fw-la mari_fw-fr &_o totus_fw-la exercitus_fw-la suus_fw-la vel_fw-la occisus_fw-la vel_fw-la in_o fugam_fw-la conversus_fw-la in_o partibus_fw-la montis_fw-la gomerici_fw-la die_fw-la veneris_fw-la proximo_fw-la ante_fw-la festum_fw-la s._n lucae_n videlicet_fw-la 3._o id._n decemb._n sub_fw-la anno_fw-la dom._n 1282._o in_o decima_fw-la litera_fw-la dominicali_fw-la d._n currente_n a_o table_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o book_n a._n aberffraw_n destroy_v by_o the_o irish_a page_z 57_o adelred_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a vanquish_v by_o the_o britain_n 15._o adelred_n marry_v emma_n daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o 70._o the_o consequence_n of_o the_o marriage_n 71._o fly_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n into_o normandy_n 75._o return_v ibid._n his_o 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render_v it_o past_o all_o dispute_n and_o contradiction_n
those_o island_n of_o cassiterides_n fair_o declare_v he_o know_v not_o where_o they_o be_v which_o can_v well_o be_v suppose_v if_o the_o grecian_a merchant_n trade_v thither_o in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v rational_a to_o imagine_v that_o in_o treat_v of_o any_o country_n such_o a_o learned_a historian_n will_v endeavour_v to_o get_v the_o best_a intelligence_n he_o possible_o can_v and_o learn_v be_v at_o the_o high_a pitch_n in_o greece_n at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v very_o strange_a we_o have_v not_o a_o better_a account_n of_o this_o island_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o well_o know_v to_o those_o who_o have_v a_o constant_a traffic_n here_o but_o indeed_o all_o author_n who_o have_v mention_v these_o cassiterides_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v know_v where_o they_o be_v situate_v only_a dionysius_n in_o his_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d make_v they_o plain_o to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o hesperide_n those_o island_n lie_v in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n far_o enough_o from_o britain_n concern_v which_o the_o poet_n have_v invent_v so_o many_o fable_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o admit_v the_o grecian_n to_o have_v be_v ignorant_a of_o any_o such_o place_n as_o britain_n and_o that_o there_o never_o be_v any_o traffic_n or_o communication_n betwixt_o these_o two_o nation_n yet_o since_o the_o gaul_n speak_v greek_n it_o be_v not_o very_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o britain_n might_n borrow_v from_o they_o that_o the_o gaul_n use_v the_o greek_a tongue_n we_o have_v the_o testimony_n of_o caesar_n and_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o all_o the_o grecian_a learning_n flourish_v at_o marseils_n which_o be_v a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a university_n and_o be_v very_o much_o celebrate_v by_o all_o almost_o both_o greek_a and_o latin_a writer_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n it_o may_v be_v reasonable_o conclude_v how_o the_o british_a and_o gaulish_n druid_n become_v acquaint_v with_o the_o grecian_a philosophy_n which_o be_v as_o to_o all_o the_o different_a sect_n and_o opinion_n of_o it_o teach_v at_o marseils_n the_o druid_n more_o particular_o adhere_v to_o the_o pythagorean_n to_o which_o the_o druid_n philosophy_n hear_v a_o very_a near_o resemblance_n both_o as_o to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o transmigration_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o mystical_a cabala_n which_o they_o so_o superstitious_o keep_v secret_a and_o close_a from_o the_o people_n but_o in_o opposition_n to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v with_o great_a certainty_n urge_v that_o neither_o the_o gaulish_a nor_o british_a druid_n have_v any_o correspondence_n with_o the_o grecian_n and_o consequent_o can_v not_o borrow_v their_o philosophical_a mystery_n from_o they_o for_o if_o caesar_n may_v be_v believe_v the_o art_n and_o learning_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v first_o find_v out_o in_o britain_n vi_o lib._n vi_o and_o from_o thence_o be_v think_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o gaul_n and_o at_o this_o time_n as_o he_o go_v on_o such_o as_o will_v attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o that_o discipline_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n traâ—el_v thither_o to_o learn_v it_o now_o if_o this_o be_v true_a that_o thâ—_n 〈◊〉_d druid_n be_v the_o inventor_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o learning_n and_o that_o the_o gaul_n come_v over_o hither_o to_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o way_n and_o method_n of_o it_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v have_v any_o communication_n with_o the_o grecian_a academy_n at_o marseils_n much_o less_o that_o they_o borrow_v it_o from_o the_o disciple_n of_o pythagoras_n especial_o since_o they_o account_v their_o mystery_n so_o sacred_a that_o they_o will_v communicate_v they_o to_o none_o beside_o those_o of_o their_o own_o order_n nay_o it_o may_v be_v better_o question_v whether_o dividism_n be_v not_o much_o ancient_a than_o pythagoras_n and_o antecedent_n to_o that_o aera_fw-la when_o the_o grecian_n begin_v to_o philosophize_v and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o druid_n of_o britain_n do_v not_o derive_v their_o philosophy_n from_o marseils_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o they_o can_v not_o borrow_v their_o language_n for_o if_o we_o suppose_v which_o be_v the_o most_o we_o can_v that_o the_o gaul_n have_v some_o communication_n with_o those_o grecian_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n that_o their_o language_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n mingle_v with_o the_o greek_a yet_o in_o their_o travel_n to_o britain_n they_o come_v not_o to_o communicate_v but_o to_o borrow_v and_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o the_o britain_n shall_v be_v affect_v with_o the_o language_n of_o those_o who_o come_v to_o learn_v of_o they_o beside_o of_o all_o the_o number_n of_o gaulish_a word_n collect_v by_o cambden_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o british_a few_o or_o none_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o greek_a derivation_n so_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a as_o for_o as_o we_o can_v see_v into_o this_o matter_n that_o the_o gaul_n shall_v ever_o communicate_v the_o greek_a tongue_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o therefore_o since_o this_o difficulty_n can_v be_v remove_v by_o any_o other_o way_n it_o be_v not_o unreasonable_a to_o suspect_v that_o there_o be_v some_o real_a foundation_n lodge_v in_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o story_n of_o brutus_n and_o that_o the_o truth_n be_v disfigure_v by_o the_o boundless_a accession_n of_o poetical_a invention_n i_o shall_v tire_v the_o reader_n and_o exceed_v the_o just_a bound_n of_o what_o i_o at_o first_o propose_v if_o i_o shall_v take_v a_o particular_a view_n of_o the_o british_a history_n publish_v by_o geoffrey_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v now_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n cadwallader_n where_o the_o history_n of_o wales_n begin_v and_o where_o a_o palpable_a mistake_n i_o may_v call_v it_o forgery_n have_v be_v commit_v by_o one_o side_n or_o another_o for_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n which_o the_o british_a history_n relate_v of_o cadwallader_n the_o saxon_a writer_n attribute_v to_o ceadwalla_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n how_o he_o be_v drive_v by_o a_o famine_n out_o of_o his_o dominion_n come_v afterward_o to_o rome_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o pope_n sergius_n with_o other_o particular_n too_o tedious_a here_o to_o relate_v but_o that_o which_o seem_v to_o charge_v the_o fault_n upon_o geoffrey_n or_o whoever_o else_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o british_a history_n be_v that_o bede_n a_o author_n of_o establish_a credit_n and_o one_o who_o live_v near_o those_o time_n say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o west_n saxon_a king_n ceadwalla_n that_o go_v to_o rome_n in_o pope_n sergius_n time_n but_o then_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a suppose_v the_o british_a history_n a_o perfect_a contrivance_n that_o geoffrey_n or_o any_o other_o shall_v be_v so_o gross_o over_o see_v as_o to_o borrow_v the_o transaction_n of_o a_o real_a king_n and_o one_o so_o well_o know_v to_o make_v up_o the_o life_n of_o a_o fictitious_a one_o cotemporary_a with_o he_o bede_n reputation_n be_v too_o firm_a to_o be_v shake_v by_o a_o upstart_n history_n and_o therefore_o it_o can_v well_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o british_a history_n be_v so_o unwary_a in_o case_n he_o design_v a_o cheat_n as_o to_o let_v himself_o open_a to_o so_o easy_a a_o detection_n of_o forgery_n all_o then_o that_o can_v be_v say_v be_v that_o the_o agreeableness_n of_o the_o name_n and_o time_n that_o these_o two_o prince_n live_v in_o and_o possible_o their_o both_o go_n to_o rome_n which_o be_v not_o unusual_a in_o those_o day_n may_v without_o any_o design_n of_o put_v upon_o the_o world_n make_v a_o confusion_n in_o their_o history_n but_o whether_o the_o life_n of_o cadwallader_n be_v a_o fable_n the_o reader_n be_v at_o his_o own_o liberty_n to_o judge_v it_o be_v prefix_v to_o the_o history_n of_o wales_n not_o as_o it_o be_v more_o authentic_a or_o any_o way_n of_o great_a certainty_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o geoffrey_n history_n but_o only_o because_o the_o author_n caradoc_n of_o lhangarfan_n begin_v his_o continuace_n of_o the_o british_a history_n with_o it_o this_o caradoo_n of_o lhangaifan_n a_o author_n of_o undoubted_a integrity_n be_v cotemporary_a with_o geoffrey_n who_o take_v his_o rise_n from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o british_a history_n conclude_v make_v a_o continuation_n of_o it_o through_o the_o reign_n of_o several_a of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n till_o the_o year_n 1157._o about_o which_o time_n he_o flourish_v after_o he_o all_o thing_n of_o moment_n that_o happen_v in_o wales_n be_v keep_v and_o record_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o conwey_n in_o north-wales_n and_o ystratflur_v in_o south-wales_n where_o the_o prince_n and_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n be_v
and_o have_v these_o comot_n coleigion_n lhannerch_n and_o dogueilyn_n the_o five_o cantref_n be_v tegengl_n and_o now_o be_v a_o part_n of_o flintshire_n have_v these_o comot_n câ—nâ—syshe_a prestatyn_n and_o ruthlan_n and_o in_o this_o part_n be_v one_o of_o the_o fair_a valley_n within_o this_o isle_n contain_v 18_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 4_o 5_o 6_o or_o 7_o in_o breadth_n as_o the_o hill_n either_o draw_v inward_a together_o or_o backward_o asunder_o which_o high_a hill_n do_v enclose_v it_o on_o the_o east_n west_n and_o south_n part_n and_o northward_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v plentiful_a of_o cattle_n fish_n and_o fowl_n corn_n hey_o grass_n and_o wood_n and_o divide_v along_o in_o the_o midst_n with_o the_o river_n clwyd_n to_o who_o run_v clywedoe_v ystrat_n whilar_n elwy_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o river_n from_o the_o hill_n in_o this_o valley_n two_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n 1._o ann._n 12._o edw._n 1._o where_o sometime_o a_o parliament_n have_v be_v keep_v and_o two_o mile_n above_o it_o be_v the_o seâ—_n of_o sr._n asaph_n between_z the_o rivers_z clwyd_n and_o elwy_n call_v in_o the_o old_a time_n the_o bishop_n see_v of_o dhan-elwy_a four_o mile_n thence_o and_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o river_n be_v situate_a upon_o a_o rock_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o denbigh_n where_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a market_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n and_o one_o of_o the_o fair_a and_o strong_a castle_n within_o this_o realm_n which_o be_v the_o house_n of_o david_n brother_n to_o lhewelyn_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o welch-blood_n be_v enlarge_v and_o strengthen_v by_o henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n to_o who_o king_n edward_n give_v the_o same_o lordship_n it_o be_v also_o the_o shire-town_n of_o that_o shire_n five_o mile_n above_o this_o be_v the_o town_n of_o ruthyn_n with_o a_o fair_a castle_n which_o sometime_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n grey_a earl_n of_o kent_n this_o part_n of_o north-wales_n have_v upon_o the_o north_n the_o river_n dee_fw-mi and_o the_o sea_n upon_o the_o west_n arfon_n and_o the_o river_n conwey_n south_n and_o east_n merionyth_n and_o the_o country_n then_o call_v powy_n and_o these_o be_v the_o mere_n and_o bound_n of_o gwynedh_n or_o venedotia_n for_o the_o name_n of_o north_n wales_n contain_v beside_o this_o all_o powy_n at_o these_o day_n so_o there_o be_v und_fw-ge r_o the_o territory_n of_o aberffraw_n fifteen_o cantred_n and_o in_o they_o thirty_o eight_o comot_n the_o second_o kingdom_n be_v mathrafal_n powy_n mathrafal_n or_o powy_n which_o in_o right_a order_n be_v the_o three_o as_o that_o which_o come_v to_o the_o three_o brother_n yet_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o history_n follow_v i_o have_v place_v it_o here_o to_o this_o kingdom_n belong_v the_o country_n of_o powy_n and_o the_o land_n betwixt_o why_o and_o severn_n which_o part_n have_v upon_o the_o south_n and_o west_n south-wales_n with_o the_o river_n why_o and_o tywy_a and_o other_o mere_n upon_o the_o north_n gwynedh_n and_o upon_o the_o east_n the_o march_n of_o england_n from_o chester_n to_o why_o a_o little_a above_o hereford_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v most_o trouble_v with_o war_n as_o well_o of_o the_o saxon_n as_o afterward_o of_o the_o norman_n lord_n marcher_n who_o daily_o win_v some_o part_n thereof_o and_o by_o â—hat_n mean_v it_o be_v the_o first_o part_n that_o serve_v the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o less_o esteem_v of_o all_o the_o â—est_n this_o part_n call_v powy_n be_v divide_v again_o into_o powy_n fadoc_n and_o powy_n wenwynwyn_n powy_n fadocâ—ontained_v â—ontained_z in_o itself_o five_o cantred_n and_o fifteen_o coâ—ots_n cantref_o y_o barwn_n which_o have_v three_o comot_n dynâ—ael_n edeyrneon_n and_o glyndourdwy_n which_o be_v now_o in_o merionyth_n shire_n save_v dinmael_n which_o be_v in_o denbigh-â—ire_n cantref_n y_fw-fr rhiw_n who_o comot_n be_v these_o yellow_a â—ow_z in_o denbighshire_n ystratalyn_n and_o hop_v now_o in_o flint-â—â—ire_n cantref_o vwchnant_n have_v these_o comot_n merfforth_n in_o flintshire_n maelor_n gymraeg_n in_o english_a bromfield_n now_o in_o denbighshire_n and_o maelor_n saesneg_v in_o flintshire_n cantref_o trefred_n contain_v these_o comot_n croesfain_n tref_n y_fw-fr wayn_n in_o english_a chirke_n and_o in_o denbighshire_n croesoswallt_n in_o english_a oswestrey_n and_o in_o shrop-shire_n cantref_o rhaiyder_n with_o his_o comot_n mochnant_n israiyder_n cynlhaeth_n and_o nanheudwy_n all_o in_o chirke-land_n and_o in_o denbighshire_n also_o the_o lordship_n of_o whytington_n now_o in_o shrop-shire_n be_v in_o this_o part_n of_o powy_n which_o part_n at_o this_o day_n have_v lose_v the_o name_n of_o powy_n and_o be_v situate_v in_o divers_a shire_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o discourse_n before_o pass_v in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o castle_n of_o holt_n in_o bromfield_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o chirke_n in_o chirke-land_n likewise_o the_o lordship_n and_o castle_n of_o whytington_n which_o come_v by_o marriage_n to_o foulk_n fitzwarren_a there_o be_v beside_o these_o the_o lordship_n of_o oswestry_n of_o the_o which_o the_o fitzalans_n have_v be_v lord_n these_o 300_o and_o odd_a year_n and_o of_o divers_a other_o lordship_n in_o those_o march_n as_o shrarden_n the_o eleven_o town_n clun_n and_o many_o other_o which_o be_v all_o now_o in_o shrop-shire_n the_o second_o part_n call_v powy_n wenwynwyn_n have_v likewise_o five_o cantred_n and_o twelve_o comot_n cantref_n y_fw-fr fyrnwy_n have_v these_o comot_n mochnant_n â—wch_v rayader_n mechain_n iscoed_n and_o lbannerch_n hudol_n cantref_o ystlyc_a have_v these_o deuthwr_fw-mi gorthwr_fw-mi isaf_n and_o ystrat_a marchelh_n cantref_o lhyswynaf_n have_v these_o caerneon_n and_o mechain_n vwchcoed_n cantref_o cydewen_n have_v comot_n conan_n and_o comot_n hauren_n cantref_o conan_n have_v cyfeilioc_n and_o mouthwy_n which_o be_v now_o in_o merionythshire_n of_o all_o these_o the_o three_o first_o cantred_n do_v only_o at_o this_o day_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o powy_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o severn_n and_o be_v all_o five_o save_v the_o comot_n of_o mowthwy_n in_o mongomeryshire_n this_o be_v a_o country_n full_a of_o wood_n hill_n and_o river_n and_o have_v in_o it_o these_o town_n the_o pool_n new-town_n and_o machynlhaeth_n arust_o be_v in_o old_a time_n in_o this_o part_n but_o afterward_o it_o come_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o gwynedh_n these_o lordship_n come_v by_o just_a descent_n from_o the_o prince_n thereof_o to_o a_o woman_n name_v hawys_n the_o daughter_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi arust_o and_o cyfeilioc_n come_v to_o the_o baron_n of_o dudley_n and_o afterward_o it_o be_v sell_v to_o the_o king_n the_o three_o part_n belong_v to_o mathrafal_n be_v the_o land_n between_o why_o and_o severn_n contain_v four_o cantred_n and_o thirteen_o comot_n cantref_o melienyth_n have_v these_o comot_n ceri_fw-la swydhygre_n rhiwalalht_n and_o glyn_n jeithon_n cantref_o elfel_n have_v these_o vwchmynydh_fw-mi ismynydh_fw-mi and_o lhechdhyfnog_n cantref_n y_fw-fr clawdh_n these_o dyffryn_n teyfediat_a swydhynogen_n and_o pennwelht_n cantref_o buelht_n have_v these_o swydh_fw-mi y_fw-fr fam_n dreulys_n and_o isyrwon_a of_o this_o part_n there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n some_o in_o montgomery-shire_n some_o in_o radnor-shire_n and_o some_o in_o brecknockshire_n in_o this_o part_n and_o in_o the_o lordship_n march_v to_o it_o which_o although_o at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o division_n which_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o last_o prince_n be_v not_o in_o his_o subjection_n yet_o to_o this_o day_n speak_v welch_n and_o be_v call_v wales_n and_o in_o these_o comot_n be_v these_o town_n and_o castle_n montgomery_n call_v in_o welsh_a trefaldwyn_n a_o pretty_a town_n and_o a_o fair_a castle_n the_o castle_n of_o clun_n call_v colunwy_n which_o be_v the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n the_o town_n of_o knighton_n in_o welsh_a trefyclawd_v the_o castle_n of_o cymaron_n presteyn_fw-mi in_o welsh_a lhanandras_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o radnor_n in_o welch_n maesyfe_v at_o this_o day_n the_o shire_n town_n the_o town_n of_o kington_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o huntingdon_n call_v in_o welsh_a y_fw-fr castelh_n main_a which_o be_v the_o bohun_v earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o after_o the_o duke_n of_o buckingham_n castle_n payne_n haye_n lhanfair_n in_o buelht_n these_o lordship_n with_o brecknock_n and_o abergefenny_n be_v belong_v to_o the_o bruce_n lord_n of_o brecknock_n and_o after_o come_v divers_a time_n and_o by_o sundry_a mean_n to_o the_o bohun_v nevil_n and_o mortimer_n and_o so_o as_o i_o have_v rehearse_v in_o this_o territory_n or_o kingdom_n be_v find_v fourteen_o cantred_n and_o forty_o comot_n two_o of_o these_o part_n which_o be_v powy_n and_o gwynedh_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v north-wales_n and_o divide_v into_o six_o shiâ—es_n mòn_n call_v anglesey_n caernarvon_n merionyth_n denbigh_n flint_n and_o
to_o dee_fw-mi a_o little_a above_o chester_n and_o this_o â—â—all_v suffice_v for_o the_o perfect_a description_n of_o that_o which_o 〈◊〉_d old_a time_n be_v call_v gwynedh_n and_o powy_n and_o at_o â—hese_fw-mi day_n the_o six_o shire_n of_o north-wales_n now_o remain_v the_o last_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n dynefawr_n dynefawr_n call_v dynefawr_n which_o although_o it_o be_v the_o great_a yet_o be_v 〈◊〉_d not_o the_o best_a as_o giraldus_n witness_v chief_o because_o it_o be_v much_o molest_v with_o flemings_n and_o norman_n and_o also_o that_o in_o divers_a part_n thereof_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o obey_v their_o prince_n as_o in_o gwent_n and_o in_o morganwe_n which_o be_v their_o own_o confusion_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v this_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n of_o the_o which_o caredigion_n be_v the_o first_o caredigion_n caredigion_n and_o contain_v â—our_n cantred_n and_o ten_o comot_n as_o cantref_o penwedic_n have_v â—n_v it_o these_o comot_n geneurglyn_n perfedh_n and_o creuthyn_n cantref_o canawl_n have_v these_o mefenyth_n anhunoc_n and_o pennarth_n cantref_o castelh_n have_v these_o comot_n mabwynion_n and_o caerwedros_n cantref_o syrwen_n have_v these_o gwenionyth_n and_o iscoed_n and_o this_o part_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v in_o english_a cardigan-shi_a e_o and_o in_o welch_n swydh-aberteifi_a this_o be_v a_o champion_n country_n without_o much_o wood_n and_o have_v be_v divers_a time_n overcome_v with_o fleming_n and_o norman_n which_o build_v many_o castle_n in_o it_o and_o at_o the_o last_o be_v beat_v out_o of_o they_o all_o it_o have_v on_o the_o east_n north-wales_n with_o the_o river_n dyfi_n and_o part_n of_o powy_n upon_o the_o south_n caermardhyn_n shire_n upon_o the_o west_n pembroke_n shire_n with_o the_o river_n teifi_n and_o upon_o the_o north_n the_o irish_a sea_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o town_n of_o cardigan_n upon_o teifi_n noâ—_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n the_o town_n of_o aberystwyth_n upoâ—_n the_o river_n ystwyth_n by_o the_o sea_n and_o lhanbadarn_n faâ—â—_n which_o be_v a_o great_a sanctuary_n and_o a_o place_n of_o religious_a and_o learned_a man_n in_o time_n past_a and_o in_o thâ—_n shire_n be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o castle_n as_o the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_n of_o walter_n of_o lhanrysted_a of_o dynertâ—_n of_o the_o son_n of_o wyneaon_n of_o aber-reidol_a and_o a_o greâ—â—_n number_v more_o with_o the_o town_n of_o tregaron_n and_o lhâ—â—dhewibrefi_n dyfet_n dyfet_n the_o second_o part_n be_v call_v dyfe_v and_o at_o this_o daâ—_n pembrokeshire_n and_o have_v in_o it_o eight_o cantred_n anâ—_n twenty_o three_o comot_n which_o be_v these_o cantreâ—_n emlyn_n have_v these_o comot_n vwchcuch_o iscuch_o anâ—_n lefethyr_n cantref_o arberth_n have_v these_o penrhyn_n be_v elay_n esterâ—lef_n and_o talacharn_n cantref_n daugledheu_o have_v these_o amgoed_n pennaâ—_n and_o efelfre_n cantref_n y_fw-fr coed_n have_v these_o lhanhayaden_a and_o casteâ—_n gwys_n cantref_o penfro_n have_v these_o coed_n your_o haf_n maenor_n byâ—_n and_o penfro_n cantref_o rhos_n have_v these_o hulfforth_n castelh_n gwalch_n mai_fw-gr and_o ygarn_n cantref_o pubidioc_n have_v these_o mynyw_n pencaer_n anâ—_n pebidioc_fw-la cantref_o cemais_n have_v these_o vwchnefer_v isnefer_v anâ—_n trefdraeth_n in_o this_o part_n be_v divers_a town_n and_o havens_n at_o thiâ—_n day_n as_o pembroke_n tenby_n in_o welsh_a dynbegh-y-pyscâ—â—_a hereford-west_n in_o welsh_a hulfforth_n with_o the_o fair_a haven_n of_o milford_n call_v in_o welsh_a aberdaugledheâ—_n st._n david_n or_o menevia_n call_v in_o welsh_a mynyw_n the_o chief_a see_v in_o all_o wales_n then_o fiscard_v call_v abergwayn_n and_o newport_n name_v trefdraeth_n these_o be_v along_o the_o sea-coast_n or_o not_o very_o far_o off_o beside_o these_o â—â—ere_o be_v divers_a castle_n as_o cilgerran_n arberth_n gwys_n â—â—anhayaden_a walwyn_n and_o divers_a other_o this_o part_n be_v â—on_n first_o by_o the_o montgomery_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o â—â—ter_v give_v to_o the_o marshal_n and_o so_o to_o valence_n and_o from_o â—ence_n be_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n most_o trouble_v with_o â—â—e_v norman_n and_o fleming_n who_o do_v remain_v and_o inâ—â—bit_n about_o tenby_n pembroke_n and_o rhos_n to_o this_o day_n â—hich_v can_v neither_o welsh_a nor_o good_a english_a as_o yet_o â—â—fed_v for_o so_o will_v i_o call_v it_o hereafter_o have_v on_o the_o â—â—e_z west_n and_o north_n the_o irish_a sea_n upon_o the_o south_n the_o â—anish_a sea_n and_o upon_o the_o east_n caermardhyn-shire_n use_v on_o the_o north-east_n cardiganshire_n the_o three_o â—â—rt_n be_v caermardhyn-shire_n have_v four_o cantred_n caermardhyn_n caermardhyn_n use_v fifteen_o comot_n as_o cantref_o finâ—oc_n with_o the_o coâ—ots_n of_o harfâ—yn_n derfedh_fw-mi and_o isgeneny_n cantref_o eginoc_n with_o these_o gwyr_n now_o in_o glamorganâ—â—â—re_n cydweli_n and_o carnwilheon_n cantref_o bachan_n with_o these_o malhaen_n caeo_n and_o â—â—aenor_n deilo_n cantref_o mawr_z with_o these_o cethineoc_n comot_n mabelfyw_n â—omot_n mabvchdryd_n and_o wydigada_n in_o this_o shire_n be_v the_o â—owns_n and_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n dynefowr_n which_o be_v â—â—e_v prince_n seat_n of_o the_o country_n newtown_n lhandeilo_n â—â—anymdhyfri_fw-la emlyn_n swansey_n now_o in_o glamorganâ—â—â—re_n call_v in_o welsh_a abertawy_n upon_o the_o sea_n the_o â—â—stle_n of_o the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v of_o lhanstephan_n and_o â—â—â—ers_n it_o have_v upon_o the_o west_n dyfe_v or_o pembrokeshire_n 〈◊〉_d the_o north_n cardiganshire_n upon_o the_o south-west_n 〈◊〉_d sea_n and_o upon_o the_o southeast_n glamorgan_n and_o on_o the_o east_n brecknockshire_n this_o be_v count_v the_o strong_a part_n of_o all_o south-wales_n as_o that_o which_o be_v â—â—l_o of_o high_a mountain_n great_a wood_n and_o fair_a river_n special_o tywy_a in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o other_o two_o part_n 〈◊〉_d south-wales_n be_v the_o notable_a act_n that_o this_o hiâ—â—â—ry_n treat_v of_o achieve_v and_o do_v the_o four_o call_v morganwe_v now_o glamorgan-shire_n morganwc_n morganwc_n contain_v four_o cantred_n with_o fifteen_o comot_n as_o cantref_o cron_v with_o these_o comot_n rwngn_v ac_fw-la afan_n 〈◊〉_d your_o hwndrwd_n and_o maenor_n glynogwr_n cantref_o pennythen_n with_o these_o meyscyn_n glynrhodny_n â—aenor_n talafan_n and_o maenor_n ruthyn_n cantref_o brenhinol_n with_o these_o cibowr_n senghennyth_n vwchcaeth_n and_o iscaeth_n cantref_o gwentlhwg_n which_o be_v now_o in_o monmouthshire_n with_o these_o comot_n y_fw-fr rhardh_fw-mi ganol_n and_o eithafdylygion_n in_o this_o part_n be_v these_o town_n and_o castle_n lhandaf_n the_o bishop_n see_v caerdyffe_n call_v caerdhyf_n cowbridge_n call_v in_o welsh_a y_fw-fr bont_fw-fr faen_fw-mi which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v stone-bridge_n lantwyd_n caerffyli_n and_o other_o and_o have_v divers_a river_n which_o run_v to_o the_o south-sea_n as_o lay_v taf_n tawy_n neth_n afan_n ogwr_n and_o lhychwr_n it_o have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o sea_n of_o severn_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o devon-shire_n and_o cornwall_n upon_o the_o west_n and_o north-west_n caermardhyn-shire_n upon_o the_o north_n east_n brecknockshire_n and_o upon_o the_o east_n monmouth-shire_n of_o this_o you_o shall_v read_v very_o little_a for_o one_o jestyn_n be_v chief_a of_o the_o country_n and_o have_v war_n with_o his_o neighbour_n call_v one_o robert_n fitzhamâ—â—_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o stranger_n to_o his_o succour_n which_o after_o they_o have_v achieve_v the_o enterprise_n like_v so_o well_o the_o country_n that_o they_o find_v occasion_n to_o falâ—_n out_o with_o jestyn_n and_o inhabit_v the_o country_n themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n to_o this_o day_n the_o five_o part_n be_v call_v gwent_n and_o now_o in_o monmouth_n shire_n which_o have_v three_o cantred_n and_o ten_o comot_n as_o cantref_n ggo_v which_o have_v these_o comot_n y_o mynyth_n iscoed_n lhefnydh_n and_o tref_o y_o grug_n cantref_o iscoed_n these_o brynbuga_n vwchcoed_n y_fw-fr teirtref_n and_o erge_v ac_fw-la ewyas_fw-la now_o in_o hereford-shire_n cantref_o côch_n be_v the_o seven_o cantre_v of_o morganwc_n which_o be_v now_o in_o gloucestershire_n and_o be_v call_v the_o forest_n of_o dean_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o ancient_a city_n of_o caerlheon_n upoâ—_n vsk_n where_o be_v the_o archbishops_n see_v of_o wales_n here_o be_v also_o divers_a town_n and_o castle_n as_o chepstow_n glyâ—_n strigul_n rhos_n tyntern_n upon_o the_o river_n why_o there_o be_v also_o newport_n call_v y_o castelh_n newydh_n vysc_n call_v brynbuga_n grosmont_n raglan_n white-castle_n abergefenny_n and_o many_o other_o this_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o a_o fertile_a country_n oâ—_n which_o likewise_o the_o gentleman_n be_v never_o obedient_a to_o their_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o own_o destruction_n it_o have_v on_o the_o west_n glamorgan_n and_o brecknock-shire_n upon_o the_o north_n hereford-shire_n upon_o â—â—e_z east_n gloucestershire_n with_o the_o river_n why_o and_o upon_o â—â—e_z south_n and_o southeast_n severn_n last_o of_o all_o come_v brecheinoc_n now_o brecknockshire_n brecheinoc_n brecheinoc_n â—hich_v have_v three_o cantred_n and_o eight_o comot_n as_o
cantref_o selef_n which_o have_v these_o comot_n selef_n and_o â—rahayern_n cantref_o canol_n these_o talgarth_n ystradyw_n and_o brwynâ—ys_n or_o eglwys_n yail_v cantref_o mawr_z these_o tir_fw-fr raulff_n lhywel_n and_o cerrigâ—owel_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o town_n of_o brecknock_n upon_o â—â—e_z meeting_n of_o vsk_n and_o honddi_n and_o be_v call_v aberâ—onddi_n and_o hay_n call_v y_o gelhy_a with_o talgarth_n buelht_n â—hangors_n it_o have_v west_n caermardhyn-shire_n with_o the_o river_n tywy_n upon_o the_o north_n radnor-shire_n with_o why_o â—pon_o the_o east_n herefordshire_n and_o monmouth_n upon_o the_o â—outh_n glamorgan_n this_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v full_a of_o mountain_n wood_n and_o river_n especial_o buelht_v and_o â—he_v lord_n of_o this_o country_n call_v bruce_n with_o the_o morâ—mers_n most_o of_o all_o other_o lord_n marcher_n sometime_o by_o may_v but_o often_o by_o treason_n have_v molest_v and_o grieve_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n this_o land_n come_v after_o the_o bruce_n to_o the_o bohun_v earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o so_o to_o the_o stafford'_v duke_n of_o buckingham_n these_o six_o shire_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o territory_n of_o dynefawr_n with_o radnor-shire_n which_o be_v belong_v to_o mathrafal_n be_v now_o common_o call_v south-wales_n which_o country_n be_v both_o great_a and_o large_a with_o many_o â—air_a plain_n and_o valley_n for_o corn_n high_a mountain_n and_o rock_n full_a of_o pasture_n for_o cattle_n great_a and_o thick_a wood_n with_o forest_n and_o park_n for_o red_a deer_n and_o fallow_a clear_a and_o deep_a river_n full_a of_o fish_n of_o which_o severn_n be_v the_o chief_a which_o with_o why_o and_o rheidolâ—pring_v â—pring_z out_o of_o a_o high_a mountain_n call_v pymlhymon_n in_o the_o edge_n of_o cardiganshire_n and_o be_v call_v common_o the_o three_o sister_n severn_n run_v full_a east_n through_o cydewen_n by_o the_o pool_n and_o under_o the_o castle_n of_o shraden_n to_o shrewsbury_n from_o whence_o it_o turn_v southward_o and_o run_v to_o bridgenorth_n bewdley_n worcester_n gloucester_n and_o â—o_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o bristol_n the_o second_o sister_n be_v gwy_a in_o english_a why_o which_o take_v her_o journey_n southeast_n by_o rayader_n gwy_a to_o buelht_n where_o irwon_a meet_v she_o thence_o to_o glasbury_n and_o so_o to_o hereford_n and_o monmouth_n and_o to_o the_o sea_n of_o severn_n at_o chepstow_n for_o so_o they_o call_v môr_n hafren_n the_o sea_n which_o sever_v wales_n from_o somersetshire_n devon_n shire_n and_o cornwall_n the_o three_o sister_n name_v rheidol_n run_v northward_o to_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o far_o off_o at_o aberystwyth_n there_o be_v other_o fair_a river_n as_o vsk_v which_o rise_v in_o a_o high_a mountain_n call_v y_o mynydh_n die_v in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o brecknockshire_n run_v to_o brecknock_n and_o so_o through_o monmouthshire_n to_o the_o town_n of_o vsk_n caerlheon_n and_o newport_n and_o so_o to_o the_o say_a south_n sea_n tywy_o also_o rise_v not_o far_o from_o why_o run_v south_n to_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o thence_o south-west_n by_o lhandcilo_n and_o dynefawr_n to_o abergwily_n and_o caermardhyn_n and_o so_o by_o lhanstephan_n to_o the_o sea_n teifi_n likewise_o which_o rise_v in_o the_o edge_n of_o caermardhyn_a shire_n and_o run_v north-west_n by_o emlyn_n ci_o gerran_a cardigan_n and_o so_o to_o the_o north_n sea_n in_o teifi_n above_o all_o the_o river_n in_o wales_n itiner_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d greek_n fiber_n lat._n beaver_n english_a afanc_fw-fr british_a giraldus_n in_o itiner_n be_v in_o giraldus_n time_n a_o great_a number_n of_o castor_n which_o may_v be_v english_v bever_n and_o be_v call_v in_o welsh_a afanc_n which_o name_n only_o remain_v in_o wales_n at_o this_o day_n but_o what_o it_o be_v very_o few_o can_v tell_v it_o be_v a_o beast_n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o otter_n but_o that_o it_o be_v big_a all_o hairy_a save_v the_o tail_n which_o be_v like_o a_o fish_n tail_n as_o broad_a as_o a_o man_n hand_n this_o beast_n use_v as_o well_o the_o water_n as_o the_o land_n and_o have_v very_o sharp_a tooth_n and_o bit_v cruel_o till_o he_o perceive_v the_o bone_n crack_v his_o stone_n be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n in_o physic_n he_o that_o will_v learn_v what_o strong_a nest_n they_o make_v which_o giraldus_n call_v castle_n which_o they_o build_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n with_o great_a bough_n which_o they_o cut_v with_o their_o tooth_n and_o how_o some_o lie_n upon_o their_o back_n hold_v the_o wood_n with_o the_o fore-feet_n which_o the_o other_o draw_v with_o a_o cross_a stick_n the_o which_o he_o hold_v in_o his_o mouth_n to_o the_o waterside_n and_o other_o particularity_n of_o their_o nature_n let_v he_o read_v giraldus_n in_o his_o topography_n of_o wales_n there_o be_v beside_o these_o a_o great_a number_n of_o river_n of_o which_o some_o run_v to_o the_o south_n and_o some_o to_o the_o west_n and_o north_n sea_n as_o tywy_a in_o glamorgan-shire_n taf_n also_o in_o caermardhyn_a shire_n which_o runnenh_v to_o cledheu_o two_o river_n either_o call_v cledheu_o which_o do_v give_v milford_n the_o name_n of_o aberdaugledheu_o in_o pembrokeshire_n arthur_n aeron_n and_o ystwyth_n in_o cardigan_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a lordship_n which_o be_v add_v to_o other_o shire_n and_o be_v take_v heretofore_o for_o part_n of_o wales_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o they_o at_o this_o day_n the_o welsh_a language_n be_v speak_v as_o oswestry_n knock_v whittington_n elsmer_n masbroke_n chirbury_n caurs_n clun_n which_o be_v now_o in_o shrop-shire_n ewyas-lacy_n ewyas-haroald_a clifford_n winsorton_n yardley_n hunâ—ingdon_n whitney_n loghardney_n in_o hereford-shire_n also_o this_o country_n of_o south_n wales_n as_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o britain_n be_v first_o inhabit_v by_o the_o britain_n which_o remain_v there_o to_o this_o day_n save_v that_o in_o divers_a place_n especial_o along_o the_o seashore_n they_o have_v be_v mingle_v with_o saxon_n norman_n which_o the_o welsh_a history_n call_v frenchman_n and_o flemings_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n since_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o norman_n can_v never_o keep_v quiet_a possession_n thereof_o but_o what_o for_o stranger_n and_o what_o for_o disloyalty_n of_o their_o own_o people_n vexation_n and_o war_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compel_v to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o caermardhyn-shire_n the_o history_n of_o wales_n when_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o valentinian_n the_o young_a begin_v to_o decline_v and_o become_v sensible_o unable_a to_o repress_v the_o perpetual_a incursion_n of_o the_o goth_n huns_n vandal_n and_o other_o barbarous_a invader_n it_o be_v find_v necessary_a to_o abandon_v the_o remote_a part_n of_o that_o unwieldy_a body_n and_o to_o recall_v the_o roman_a force_n that_o defend_v they_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v the_o inward_a and_o the_o province_n most_o expose_v to_o the_o depredation_n of_o the_o barbarian_n and_o in_o this_o exigency_n of_o the_o roman_a affair_n britain_n as_o lie_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v deprive_v of_o the_o roman_a garrison_n which_o be_v transport_v into_o gaul_n upon_o more_o urgent_a occasion_n leave_v it_o naked_a and_o expose_v to_o the_o inveterate_a cruelty_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n for_o no_o soon_o have_v they_o understand_v of_o the_o roman_n departure_n out_o of_o britain_n and_o that_o the_o britain_n be_v to_o expect_v no_o further_o help_v from_o the_o empire_n but_o they_o descend_v in_o great_a number_n than_o former_o and_o with_o great_a courage_n and_o expectation_n be_v how_o rid_v of_o the_o fear_n they_o entertain_v of_o the_o roman_a legion_n who_o always_o use_v to_o hinder_v their_o progress_n and_o to_o prevent_v their_o incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a province_n the_o britain_n perceive_v their_o ancient_a and_o implacable_a enemy_n to_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o find_v themselves_o far_o too_o weak_a to_o repel_v their_o endless_a devastation_n with_o a_o lamentable_a narrative_n of_o their_o own_o misery_n and_o the_o cruel_a oppression_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o send_v over_o to_o gaul_n implore_v aid_n of_o aetius_n praefect_n of_o that_o province_n who_o be_v move_v with_o the_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o britain_n dispatch_v over_o a_o legion_n under_o the_o command_n of_o gallio_n which_o unexpected_o surprise_v the_o pict_n and_o scot_n force_v they_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o destruction_n to_o retire_v over_o the_o sea_n or_o frith_n to_o their_o own_o habitation_n then_o help_v then_o to_o build_v a_o wall_n of_o stone_n across_o the_o land_n for_o a_o bulwark_n against_o any_o future_a eruption_n the_o roman_n at_o their_o departure_n tell_v they_o they_o can_v not_o any_o more_o undertake_v such_o dangerous_a expedition_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o therefore_o admonish_v they_o to_o take_v arm_n and_o like_a man_n vindicate_v their_o country_n their_o wife_n child_n and_o liberty_n
let_v but_o that_o courage_n and_o those_o arm_n make_v we_o conqueror_n and_o we_o shall_v refuse_v no_o service_n you_o shall_v please_v to_o impose_v to_o this_o message_n the_o saxon_n return_v this_o short_a answer_n assure_v yourselves_o the_o saxon_n will_v be_v true_a friend_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o as_o such_o shall_v be_v always_o ready_a both_o to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o to_o advance_v their_o interest_n the_o saxon_n be_v thus_o happy_o court_v to_o what_o themselves_o have_v a_o thousand_o time_n wish_v for_o arrive_v soon_o after_o in_o britain_n in_o three_o galley_n call_v in_o their_o own_o language_n kiule_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o brethren_n hengist_n and_o horsa_n be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o affectionate_o treat_v by_o the_o people_n their_o faith_n be_v give_v of_o both_o side_n the_o saxon_n stipulate_v to_o defend_v the_o britain_n country_n and_o the_o britain_n to_o give_v the_o saxon_n a_o satisfactory_a reward_n for_o all_o the_o pain_n and_o danger_n they_o shall_v undergo_v upon_o their_o account_n at_o first_o the_o saxon_n show_v themselves_o very_o diligent_a in_o their_o employment_n and_o successful_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n who_o be_v probable_o ignorant_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o fear_v no_o opposition_n bold_o advance_v to_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o country_n but_o when_o the_o saxon_n become_v better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o island_n and_o happy_o discover_v the_o weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o the_o britain_n under_o pretence_n that_o their_o pay_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o their_o service_n and_o desert_n they_o quarrel_v with_o the_o britain_n and_o instead_o of_o support_v they_o according_a to_o oath_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o their_o enemy_n the_o scot_n moreover_o hengist_n perceive_v with_o who_o he_o have_v to_o do_v send_v over_o to_o acquaint_v his_o countryman_n with_o the_o beauty_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o island_n the_o infirmity_n and_o effeminacy_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n invite_v they_o to_o be_v sharer_n of_o his_o future_a success_n and_o expectation_n to_o his_o invitation_n they_o ready_o comply_v and_o sail_v over_o in_o great_a number_n they_o think_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o country_n which_o fortune_n promise_v shall_v be_v their_o own_o but_o they_o must_v fight_v for_o it_o first_o the_o britain_n be_v resolve_v to_o the_o last_o to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n against_o these_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o drive_v they_o to_o their_o primitive_a habitation_n for_o when_o the_o britain_n become_v sensible_a of_o the_o undermine_a aim_n of_o the_o saxon_n how_o they_o secret_o endeavour_v the_o total_a extirpation_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n they_o present_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v signal_o famous_a for_o their_o valour_n and_o conduct_n this_o the_o saxon_n afterward_o grievous_o feel_v though_o the_o total_a recovery_n of_o britain_n prove_v impracticable_a for_o want_v of_o power_n the_o saxon_n have_v by_o massacre_n and_o other_o treacherous_a mean_n most_o unmerciful_o lessen_v the_o force_n and_o number_n of_o the_o britain_n king_n vortigern_n love_v his_o ease_n too_o well_o to_o observe_v their_o practice_n and_o beside_o become_v so_o foolish_o enamour_a with_o the_o daughter_n of_o hengist_n which_o purposely_o be_v lay_v to_o entrap_v he_o that_o the_o saxon_a upon_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o marriage_n begin_v to_o carve_v for_o himself_o and_o during_o vortigern_n reign_n lay_v so_o firm_a a_o foundation_n for_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n that_o the_o succeed_a british_a king_n though_o famous_o valiant_a can_v never_o undermine_v it_o this_o sottishness_n of_o his_o father_n young_a vortimer_n can_v not_o at_o length_n endure_v to_o see_v himself_o and_o his_o country_n so_o open_o and_o shameful_o impose_v upon_o by_o stranger_n and_o therefore_o he_o resolve_v to_o take_v the_o british_a government_n upon_o himself_o and_o to_o endeavour_v the_o universal_a expulsion_n of_o the_o saxon_n with_o he_o the_o british_a nobility_n willing_o join_v and_o after_o several_a famous_a victory_n over_o the_o saxon_n he_o be_v unhappy_o poison_v by_o a_o saxon_a lady_n after_o he_o the_o britain_n brave_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o prevail_a greatness_n of_o the_o saxon_n under_o these_o valiant_a prince_n aurelius_n ambrose_n uter_n pendragon_n arthur_n constantine_n ii_o aurelius_n conanus_fw-la vortiper_n and_o maelgon_n to_o he_o succeed_v careticus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n the_o saxon_n aspire_v to_o a_o total_a conquest_n of_o britain_n invite_v over_o one_o gurmundus_fw-la a_o norwegian_a pirate_n who_o have_v late_o signalise_v himself_o in_o ireland_n and_o obtain_v a_o conquest_n over_o that_o kingdom_n he_o they_o employ_v to_o march_v against_o careticus_fw-la who_o be_v overcome_v and_o vanquish_v by_o he_o the_o britain_n be_v force_v some_o to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o dee_n some_o to_o cornwall_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n the_o british_a affair_n be_v now_o bring_v very_o low_a and_o their_o government_n reduce_v within_o a_o very_a narrow_a compass_n so_o that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n can_v be_v but_o superficial_o attribute_v to_o the_o succeed_a prince_n cadwan_n cadwallan_n and_o cadwallader_n cadwallader_n cadwallader_n surname_v bbendige_v or_o the_o bless_a be_v the_o last_o of_o british_a race_n that_o enjoy_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o britain_n after_o he_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v the_o most_o numerous_a remain_v of_o the_o britain_n disdain_v to_o own_o any_o subjection_n to_o the_o oppress_a saxon_n set_v up_o a_o new_a government_n among_o themselves_o and_o alter_v the_o style_n of_o british_a king_n to_o that_o of_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o whilst_o cadwallader_n rule_v in_o britain_n a_o very_a severe_a famine_n attend_v with_o a_o rage_a pestilence_n which_o assure_o spring_v from_o the_o continue_a war_n which_o be_v so_o eager_o carry_v on_o betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n happen_v in_o the_o island_n which_o occasion_v a_o most_o lamentable_a mortality_n among_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v compel_v together_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o other_o to_o retire_v for_o refuge_n to_o his_o cousin_n alan_n king_n of_o lhydaw_n or_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n there_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o all_o civility_n suitable_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o condition_n as_o well_o because_o of_o his_o own_o near_a relation_n and_o consanguinity_n to_o alan_n as_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o their_o subject_n be_v original_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n for_o the_o britain_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 384._o go_v over_o out_o of_o this_o island_n under_o the_o command_n of_o conan_n lord_n of_o meriadoc_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o maximus_n the_o tyrant_n against_o the_o emperor_n gratianus_n for_o this_o service_n maximus_n grant_v to_o conan_n and_o his_o follower_n the_o country_n of_o armorica_n where_o the_o britain_n have_v drive_v out_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n seat_v themselves_o and_o erect_v a_o kingdom_n which_o last_v for_o many_o year_n under_o several_a king_n who_o name_n and_o succession_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o armorican_a king_n 1._o conan_n meriadoc_n 2._o gradlonus_fw-la 3._o solomon_n i._n 4._o auldranus_fw-la 5._o bâ—â—â—ous_a i._n 6._o hoâ—â—lus_fw-la magnus_fw-la 7._o howâ—lus_n ii_o 8._o alâ—mâ—_n i._n 9_o hoâ—â—lus_fw-la iii_o â—0_n cilâ—uâ—llus_n â—1_n solomon_n ii_o â—2_n alanâ—â—_n ii_o 13._o conobertus_fw-la 14._o budicus_n ii_o 15._o theodoricus_n 16._o rubalhonus_n 17._o daniel_n dremrost_n i._n e._n rubicunda_fw-la fancy_n 18._o aregstanus_fw-la 19_o maconus_n 20._o neomenius_n 21._o haruspogius_fw-la 22._o solomon_n iii_o alan_n ii_o then_o reign_v in_o little_a britain_n when_o cadâ—alader_n be_v force_v to_o forsake_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—nd_v to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o sea_n he_o be_v descend_v â—â—om_n ruâ—â—_n the_o son_n of_o mailgon_n gwyneth_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o a_o daughter_n marry_v to_o howel_n the_o second_o king_n of_o little_a britain_n this_o kingdom_n remain_v â—â—rm_n till_o solomon_n iii_o who_o be_v treacherous_o slay_v â—y_a his_o own_o subject_n upon_o which_o unlucky_a accident_n â—he_v kingdom_n be_v convert_v to_o a_o earldom_n whereof_o â—ne_a alan_n be_v the_o first_o a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a prince_n who_o stout_o resist_v the_o norman_n and_o frequent_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v they_o but_o after_o that_o cadwallader_n have_v continue_v some_o time_n with_o alan_n the_o plague_n be_v abate_v in_o britain_n he_o purpose_v to_o return_v and_o if_o possible_a to_o recover_v that_o â—art_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o the_o saxon_n be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o he_o receive_v frequent_a intelligence_n of_o â—heir_a number_n and_o
force_n obtain_v a_o very_a bloody_a victory_n over_o the_o powerless_a britain_n bâ—â—_n adelred_n who_o be_v short_o follow_v by_o edwin_n king_n 〈◊〉_d the_o pict_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v this_o battle_n and_o cudâ—â—_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a the_o welsh_a find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o cope_v with_o the_o saxon_n and_o too_o weak_a to_o repress_v their_o endless_a incursion_n 3._o therefore_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o cudred_a and_o join_v in_o league_n with_o he_o who_o upon_o some_o occasion_n or_o other_o be_v actual_o fall_v out_o with_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n but_o ethelbald_n be_v so_o proud_a with_o the_o success_n a.d._n 746_o of_o the_o last_o engagement_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o league_n with_o cudred_a he_o must_v needs_o again_o fall_v upon_o the_o welsh_a he_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o hereford_n where_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o help_n of_o cudred_a give_v he_o a_o signal_n overthrow_n and_o cause_v he_o to_o repent_v of_o his_o rash_a and_o precipitous_a expedition_n but_o short_o after_o cudred_a and_o ethelbald_a be_v unlucky_o reconcile_v and_o make_v friend_n together_o and_o cudred_a relinquish_a the_o welsh_a join_v his_o force_n to_o ethelbalds_n hereupon_o ensue_v another_o battle_n in_o which_o the_o welsh_a be_v great_o overpower_v be_v vanquish_v by_o the_o saxon_n after_o which_o victory_n cudr_v short_o dye_v to_o he_o succeed_v sigebert_n a_o a.d._n 743_o man_n of_o a_o loose_a and_o vicious_a inclination_n who_o for_o his_o ill_a behaviour_n in_o the_o management_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n expel_v and_o deprive_v by_o his_o nobility_n â—nd_v at_o last_o miserable_o slay_v by_o a_o rascally_a swineherd_n after_o he_o kenulph_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n ann._n 750._o in_o who_o time_n die_v theodore_n the_o son_n of_o a.d._n 750_o bâ—lin_n a_o man_n of_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n among_o the_o britain_n 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â—he_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v what_o he_o have_v hitherto_o possess_v but_o he_o do_v long_o enjoy_v it_o but_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n conan_n tindaythwy_n and_o howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v in_o all_o reign_v over_o the_o britain_n thirty_o year_n conan_n tindaythwy_n a.d._n 755_o roderic_n molwynoc_n be_v dead_a his_o son_n conan_n tindaythwy_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n and_o principality_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o year_n 755._o he_o be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n but_o the_o saxon_n begin_v to_o make_v inroad_n into_o his_o country_n to_o spoil_v and_o destroy_v what_o they_o convenient_o can_v meet_v with_o they_o be_v animate_v hereto_o by_o the_o bad_a success_n of_o roderic_n and_o have_v force_v the_o britain_n out_o of_o cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n they_o think_v it_o practicable_a to_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o wales_n too_o and_o so_o to_o reduce_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n to_o themselves_o this_o be_v their_o aim_n and_o this_o they_o endeavour_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n but_o they_o be_v meet_v with_o at_o hereford_n where_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v between_o they_o and_o the_o welsh_a in_o which_o dyfnwal_n the_o son_n of_o theodor_n a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a soldier_n be_v slay_v and_o short_o afterward_o die_v athelbeâ—â—_n king_n of_o northumberland_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o oâ—wald_n about_o the_o same_o time_n happen_v a_o religious_a quarreâ—_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n concern_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n which_o elbodius_n 〈◊〉_d learned_a and_o a_o pious_a man_n endeavour_v to_o rectify_v 〈◊〉_d wales_n and_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o roman_a calculation_n which_o the_o saxon_n always_o observe_v the_o britain_n diâ—_n differ_v from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o celebration_n oâ—_n this_o feast_n and_o the_o difference_n be_v this_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nicâ—_n always_o observe_v easter-day_n the_o next_o sunday_n after_o thâ—_n 14_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n so_o that_o it_o never_o happen_v upon_o the_o 14_o day_n itself_o nor_o pass_v the_o 21th_o thâ—_n britain_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n celebrate_v their_o easter_n upon_o the_o 14_o and_o so_o forward_o to_o the_o 20_o which_o occasion_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o sunday_n observe_v as_o easter-day_n by_o the_o britain_n be_v but_o palm-sunday_n with_o the_o saxon_n upon_o this_o account_n the_o saxon_n do_v most_o uncharitable_o traduce_v the_o britain_n and_o will_v scarce_o allow_v they_o the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o christian_n hereupon_o about_o the_o year_n 660._o a_o great_a contest_v happen_v manage_v on_o the_o one_o part_n by_o colman_n and_o hylda_n who_o defend_v the_o rite_n and_o celebration_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o gilbert_n and_o wilfride_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_n hylda_n be_v the_o niece_n of_o edwine_n king_n of_o northumberland_n educate_v by_o pauline_n and_o aedan_n she_o public_o oppose_v wilfride_n and_o other_o superstitious_a monk_n as_o to_o such_o trifle_n and_o bigotry_n in_o religion_n allege_v out_o of_o polycrates_n the_o fact_n of_o irenaeus_n who_o withstand_v victor_n bishop_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n of_o asia_n observe_v by_o s._n john_n the_o evangelist_n philip_n the_o apostle_n polycarpus_n and_o melito_n and_o likewise_o observe_v in_o britain_n by_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n who_o first_o preach_v the_o gospel_n here_o offa_n be_v make_v king_n of_o mercia_n and_o brichtrich_n of_o a.d._n 763_o the_o westsaxons_a about_o which_o time_n die_v fermael_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n and_o cemoyd_n king_n of_o the_o pict_n the_o saxon_n do_v daily_o encroach_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o welsh_a beyond_o the_o river_n severn_n but_o more_o especial_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o country_n these_o enchroachment_n the_o welsh_a can_v not_o endure_v and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o recover_v their_o own_o and_o to_o drive_v the_o saxon_n out_o of_o their_o country_n the_o britain_n of_o south-wales_n as_o receive_v the_o great_a a.d._n 776_o injury_n and_o disadvantage_n from_o the_o saxon_n present_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n of_o mercia_n which_o they_o ravage_v and_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o short_o after_o all_o the_o welsh_a join_v their_o force_n together_o fall_v upon_o the_o saxon_n and_o force_v they_o to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o severn_n and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a spoil_n of_o english_a cattle_n the_o welsh_a find_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o last_o incursion_n and_o how_o that_o by_o these_o mean_v they_o gaul_v and_o vex_v the_o saxon_n frequent_o practise_v the_o same_o and_o enter_v their_o country_n by_o stealth_n they_o kill_v and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o and_o drive_v their_o cattle_n beyond_o the_o river_n ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a country_n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v these_o daily_a incursion_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o welsh_a enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n to_o bend_v their_o whole_a force_n against_o the_o welsh_a who_o have_v raise_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o numerous_a army_n pass_v the_o severn_n into_o wales_n the_o welsh_a be_v far_o too_o weak_a to_o oppose_v and_o encounter_v so_o great_a a_o army_n quit_v the_o even_a and_o plain_a country_n lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o severn_n and_o wye_n and_o retire_v to_o the_o mountain_n and_o rock_n where_o they_o know_v they_o can_v be_v most_o safe_a from_o the_o inveterate_a and_o revengeful_a arm_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o saxon_n decamp_v be_v not_o able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o in_o these_o strong_a and_o
how_o sweet_a the_o spoil_n of_o a_o country_n much_o more_o fertile_a than_o their_o own_o be_v â—hey_n can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o what_o they_o have_v already_o obtain_v but_o must_v needs_o make_v a_o far_a progress_n into_o the_o country_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n â—f_n the_o east-angle_n edmund_n king_n of_o that_o country_n â—eing_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v their_o insolence_n endeavour_v to_o oppose_v they_o but_o in_o the_o undertake_n be_v â—nfortunately_o slay_v and_o now_o after_o the_o same_o manâ—er_a that_o the_o saxon_n have_v former_o attain_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o britain_n the_o dane_n proceed_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n for_o the_o saxon_n have_v find_v out_o â—he_v sweetness_n of_o this_o island_n and_o withal_o discover_v â—he_v weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o the_o britain_n to_o oppose_v â—hem_fw-mi bring_v over_o their_o number_n by_o degree_n and_o â—n_o several_a company_n by_o which_o they_o weary_v and_o â—ired_v out_o the_o british_a army_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o â—othing_n can_v conduce_v more_o to_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o â—sland_n than_o the_o land_n a_o army_n at_o several_a place_n â—nd_v at_o several_a time_n which_o distract_v the_o counsel_n â—nd_v proceed_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o which_o at_o â—his_n time_n for_o want_n of_o sufficient_a power_n at_o sea_n can_v â—ot_n be_v prevent_v and_o so_o the_o dane_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o good_a success_n of_o hungare_n and_o hubba_n in_o england_n send_v over_o another_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o basreck_n and_o ald_a who_o land_v in_o west-sax_n and_o â—ought_v five_o battle_n with_o king_n ethelred_n and_o his_o brother_n alfred_n namely_o at_o henglefield_n estondown_n redding_n basin_n and_o mereton_n in_o which_o two_o first_o the_o english_a overcome_v and_o the_o three_o last_v the_o dane_n get_v the_o victory_n soon_o after_o this_o ethelred_n die_v leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n alfred_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v take_v the_o government_n upon_o he_o but_o consider_v with_o himself_o what_o a_o heavy_a burden_n he_o be_v to_o sustain_v and_o therefore_o he_o begin_v to_o inquire_v after_o the_o wise_a and_o learned_a est_fw-fr man_n that_o he_o can_v hear_v of_o to_o be_v direct_v by_o they_o who_o he_o worthy_o entertain_v make_v use_n of_o their_o advice_n as_o well_o in_o the_o public_a government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o in_o his_o private_a study_n and_o conference_n of_o learning_n he_o send_v for_o two_o man_n famous_o learned_a out_o of_o wales_n the_o one_o call_v john_n de_fw-fr erigena_n surname_v scotus_n the_o other_o asserius_fw-la surname_v menevensis_n dâ—_n erigena_n be_v bear_v at_o menevia_n or_o st._n david_n and_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o that_o college_n who_o for_o the_o sake_n oâ—_n learning_n have_v travel_v to_o athens_n and_o bestow_v there_o many_o year_n in_o the_o study_n of_o the_o greek_a hebreâ—_n and_o chaldaic_a tongue_n and_o the_o secret_a mystery_n oâ—_n philosophy_n come_v to_o france_n where_o he_o be_v well_o accept_v of_o by_o carolus_n calvus_n or_o charles_n the_o bald_a anâ—_n ludovicus_n balbus_n or_o lewis_n the_o stammerer_n and_o therâ—_n translate_v the_o work_n of_o dionysius_n areopagita_n dâ—_n coelesti_fw-la hierarchia_fw-la out_o of_o the_o greek_a into_o the_o laâ—â—_n tongue_n be_v return_v home_o to_o wales_n he_o wâ—â—_n send_v for_o by_o this_o king_n alfred_n who_o be_v then_o found_v and_o erect_v the_o university_n of_o oxford_n of_o whicâ—_n erigena_n become_v the_o first_o professor_n and_o public_a reader_n but_o king_n alfred_n bear_v so_o great_a a_o respect_n tâ—_n learning_n that_o he_o will_v suffer_v none_o to_o bear_v any_o considerable_a office_n in_o his_o court_n but_o such_o as_o be_v learned_a and_o withal_o exhort_v all_o person_n to_o embrace_v learning_n and_o to_o honour_n learned_a men._n but_o though_o 〈◊〉_d love_n to_o learning_n be_v seldom_o reconcilable_a with_o a_o warlike_a and_o a_o military_a life_n king_n alfred_n be_v also_o forceâ—_n to_o regard_v the_o discipline_n of_o war_n to_o defend_v his_o kingdom_n against_o the_o increase_a power_n of_o the_o dane_n foâ—_n he_o be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n but_o this_o restless_a and_o ever_o troublesome_a people_n begin_v to_o molest_v and_o destroy_v his_o country_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v of_o necessity_n force_v to_o oppose_v they_o which_o he_o do_v twice_o upon_o thâ—_n southside_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n in_o which_o engagement_n he_o slay_v of_o the_o dane_n one_o king_n nine_o earl_n together_o with_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o inferior_a soldier_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gwgan_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n 〈◊〉_d dunwal_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n ab_fw-la sitsylht_n prince_n of_o cardigan_n die_v be_v as_o some_o say_v unfortunate_o drown_v but_o the_o â—ate_z victory_n which_o alfred_n have_v obtain_v over_o the_o dane_n do_v not_o so_o much_o weaken_v and_o dishearten_v they_o â—ut_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o recover_v their_o spirit_n â—nd_v begin_v again_o to_o look_v terrible_a and_o threaten_a for_o 〈◊〉_d soon_o as_o they_o can_v reunite_v their_o scatter_a force_n â—hey_v set_v upon_o and_o destroy_v the_o town_n of_o alclyde_n wan_a â—he_n city_n of_o london_n and_o redding_n overran_a all_o the_o inâ—â—nd_a country_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o mercia_n â—nother_n army_n of_o dane_n at_o the_o same_o time_n prove_v â—ery_o successful_a in_o the_o north_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o â—he_n country_n of_o northumberland_n which_o action_n do_v â—ot_n so_o much_o grieve_v the_o english_a as_o trouble_v and_o vex_v â—he_n pict_n and_o scot_n who_o be_v incessant_o gaul_v and_o frequent_o beat_v off_o by_o these_o danish_a troop_n the_o â—ext_a year_n three_o of_o the_o danish_a captain_n march_v â—â—om_n cambridge_n towards_o warham_n in_o dorsetshire_n of_o â—hich_v expedition_n king_n alfred_n be_v inform_v present_o detach_v his_o force_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o to_o â—ffer_v they_o battle_n the_o dane_n be_v so_o startle_v at_o â—â—is_n that_o they_o immediate_o desire_v peace_n and_o willing_o consent_v forthwith_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o county_n and_o to_o forswear_v the_o sight_n of_o english_a ground_n accord_v to_o which_o capitulation_n the_o horse_n that_o â—â—ght_n march_v for_o exeter_n and_o the_o foot_n be_v ship_v â—ff_n be_v all_o of_o they_o drown_v at_o sandwich_n the_o dane_n have_v thus_o abjure_v england_n be_v not_o willing_a â—o_o return_v home_o empty_a but_o think_v it_o prudent_a to_o â—end_n their_o course_n against_o wales_n they_o fancy_v that_o â—â—ey_n be_v like_a to_o meet_v with_o no_o great_a opposition_n from_o â—â—e_v welch_n and_o therefore_o can_v carve_v for_o themselves_o accord_v as_o their_o fancy_n direct_v they_o but_o have_v end_v their_o army_n in_o anglesey_n they_o quick_o experience_v the_o contrary_a prince_n roderic_n oppose_v they_o â—ave_n they_o two_o battle_n one_o at_o a_o place_n call_v bengole_n a.d._n 873_o â—nd_n the_o other_o at_o menegid_a in_o anglesey_n at_o the_o same_o time_n â—nother_n army_n of_o dane_n under_o the_o command_n of_o â—alden_a and_o hungare_n land_v in_o south-wales_n overran_a â—â—e_v whole_a country_n destroy_v all_o before_o they_o neiâ—â—er_o spare_v church_n nor_o religious_a house_n but_o â—â—ey_v receive_v their_o due_a reward_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a who_o meet_v with_o they_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o devonshire_n slay_v both_o halden_n and_o hungare_n with_o 1200_o of_o their_o men._n the_o same_o year_n einion_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n die_v and_o be_v the_o follow_a year_n succeed_v by_o hubert_n who_o be_v install_v in_o his_o place_n a.d._n 876_o the_o english_a be_v rid_v of_o their_o powerful_a and_o ever_o restless_a enemy_n the_o dane_n begin_v now_o to_o quarrel_n with_o the_o welsh_a enter_v into_o anglesey_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n fight_v a_o fore_a battle_n with_o roderic_n who_o together_o with_o his_o brother_n or_o as_o other_o say_v his_o son_n gwyriad_n be_v unhappy_o slay_v in_o the_o field_n which_o battle_n be_v call_v by_o the_o welsh_a gwaith_n duw_fw-we sul_z y_z mon._n this_o roderic_n have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n anghârad_n anarawd_n cadelh_n and_o merfyn_n the_o last_o of_o which_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la contrary_a to_o the_o vulgar_a and_o receive_a opinion_n will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n upon_o who_o be_v bestow_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n for_o it_o be_v unanimous_o grant_v that_o rodeâ—â—â—_n be_v undoubted_a proprietor_n of_o all_o the_o dominion_n oâ—_n wales_n north-wales_n descend_v unto_o he_o by_o his_o mother_n esylht_v the_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n of_o conan_n tyâ—daethwy_n south-wales_n by_o his_o wife_n anghârad_v the_o daughter_n of_o meyric_n ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n kâ—â—â—_n of_o cardigan_n powis_n by_o nest_n the_o sister_n and_o heir_n oâ—_n congen_fw-mi ap_fw
cadelh_n king_n of_o powis_n his_o father_n mother_n these_o three_o dominion_n roderic_n divide_v between_o hâ—â—_n three_o son_n appoint_v north-wales_n for_o his_o elder_a soâ—_n anarawd_n south-wales_n to_o cadelh_n who_o short_o after_o 〈◊〉_d father_n death_n forcible_o seize_v upon_o his_o brother_n mâ—â—fyn's_n portion_n upon_o who_o roderic_n have_v bestoweâ—_n powis-land_n wales_n be_v thus_o divide_v between_o the_o three_o prince_n they_o be_v call_v y_o tri_n tywysoc_n taâ—â—thioc_n or_o the_o three_o crown_a prince_n by_o reason_n thâ—â—_n each_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v on_o his_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n 〈◊〉_d gold_n be_v a_o broad_a head-band_n indent_a upwarâ—_n set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o 〈◊〉_d british_a tongue_n be_v call_v talaeth_n to_o each_o of_o the_o prince_n roderic_n build_v a_o royal_a seat_n for_o the_o prinâ—â—_n of_o gwyneth_n or_o north-wales_n at_o aberffraw_n of_o souâ—â—wales_n at_o dinefawr_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o powis_n at_o mâ—thrafel_n roderic_n have_v issue_n also_o beside_o these_o threâ—_n roderic_n meyric_n edwal_n or_o tadwal_n gwyriad_n aâ—â—_n gathelic_n but_o roderic_n have_v divide_v his_o principality_n betwixt_o his_o elder_a son_n namely_o aberffraw_n with_o the_o fifteen_o cantred_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o anarawd_n dinefawr_n with_o its_o fifteen_o cantred_n extend_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dofi_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o severn_n to_o cadelh_n and_o powis_n with_o fifteen_o cantred_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o bridge_n over_o severn_n at_o gloucester_n to_o merfyn_n ordain_v that_o his_o elder_a son_n anarawd_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v continue_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o other_o two_o their_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n and_o that_o upon_o any_o foreign_a invasion_n they_o shall_v mutual_o aid_v and_o protect_v one_o another_o and_o he_o far_o appoint_v that_o when_o any_o difference_n shall_v arise_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o cardigan_n or_o dynefawr_n the_o three_o prince_n shall_v meet_v at_o bwlch_n you_o pawl_v and_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n shall_v be_v umpire_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o powy_n fall_v at_o variance_n they_o shall_v meet_v at_o dôl_n rhianedd_n probable_o morva_n rhianedd_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi where_o the_o king_n of_o cardigan_n be_v to_o adjust_a the_o controversy_n and_o if_o the_o quarrel_v happen_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n and_o cardigan_n the_o meeting_n be_v appoint_v at_o llys_n wen_n upon_o the_o river_n wye_n and_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o the_o better_a to_o frustrate_v any_o attempt_n of_o the_o english_a he_o ordain_v moreover_o that_o all_o stronghold_n castle_n and_o citradel_n shall_v be_v fortify_v and_o keep_v in_o repair_n that_o all_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n shall_v be_v re-edify_v and_o adorn_v and_o that_o in_o all_o age_n the_o history_n of_o britain_n be_v faithful_o register_v and_o transcribe_v shall_v be_v keep_v therein_o anarawd_n the_o welsh_a have_v often_o sorrowful_o feel_v the_o unnatural_a effect_n of_o inward_a sedition_n and_o of_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a prince_n which_o be_v now_o unavoidable_o to_o be_v renew_v by_o reason_n of_o roderic_n imprudent_a division_n of_o his_o dominion_n between_o his_o three_o son_n for_o the_o several_a principality_n be_v unite_v in_o he_o it_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o politic_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o inveterate_a fury_n of_o the_o english_a to_o compose_v the_o inward_a difference_n which_o will_v otherwise_o happen_v by_o perpetuate_a the_o whole_a government_n of_o wales_n in_o one_o prince_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a effectual_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n by_o separate_a army_n and_o where_o a_o different_a interest_n interfere_v as_o if_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o same_o country_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o same_o prince_n be_v unanimous_o regard_v this_o be_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n when_v the_o roman_n invade_v their_o country_n domestic_a broil_n and_o inward_a dissension_n be_v sownâ—_n among_o themselves_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v to_o unite_v their_o power_n and_o joint_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n so_o that_o tacitus_n wise_o conclude_v dum_fw-la singuâ—â—_fw-la pugnant_fw-la universi_fw-la vincuntur_fw-la there_o be_v few_o â—_z but_o have_v experience_v the_o folly_n of_o be_v rend_v into_o several_a portion_n and_o the_o downfall_n of_o that_o greaâ—_n body_n the_o roman_a empire_n may_v not_o be_v absurd_o attribute_v to_o constantine_n divide_v of_o it_o between_o hiâ—_n son_n but_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n present_o feel_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o it_o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o his_o portion_n and_o desirous_a to_o feed_v his_o ambition_n with_o large_a territory_n can_v not_o spare_v his_o brother_n merfyn_n country_n but_o must_v needs_o forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o his_o lawful_a inheritance_n and_o so_o involve_v the_o welsh_a in_o a_o civil_a war._n but_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n proceed_v in_o anarawd_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n over_o north-wales_n in_o the_o year_n 877._o a.d._n 877_o at_o that_o time_n rollo_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n of_o norman_n descend_v into_o france_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o country_n of_o neustria_n which_o from_o they_o have_v since_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n but_o the_o treacherous_a dane_n in_o england_n who_o have_v retire_v to_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n quick_o violate_v the_o capitulation_n which_o they_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o observe_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v so_o warm_o pursue_v by_o king_n alfred_n that_o they_o glad_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o article_n former_o agree_v upon_o between_o they_o but_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intention_n to_o keep_v they_o long_o for_o the_o next_o year_n they_o again_o break_v lose_v possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o country_n upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o thames_n and_o pass_v the_o river_n put_v the_o english_a to_o flight_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o chippenham_n in_o west-sax_n but_o their_o whole_a army_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o for_o alfred_n meet_v with_o a_o party_n of_o they_o slay_v their_o captain_n and_o take_v their_o standard_n which_o the_o dane_n call_v raven_n after_o this_o he_o vanquish_v they_o again_o at_o edendown_n where_o after_o that_o the_o dane_n have_v give_v hostage_n for_o their_o peaceable_a behaviour_n godrun_v their_o commander_n receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o so_o reign_v in_o east-angle_n but_o this_o opportunity_n seem_v to_o threaten_v a_o great_a storm_n upon_o wales_n for_o beside_o the_o death_n of_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o a.d._n 878_o melht_n a_o nobleman_n of_o the_o country_n the_o article_n of_o composition_n between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dane_n occasion_v these_o last_o to_o join_v their_o power_n with_o the_o people_n of_o mercia_n to_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v at_o conwey_n wherein_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n which_o be_v call_v dial_n rodri_n or_o the_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n roderic_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o mercian_n be_v so_o irreconcilable_o enrage_v against_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n be_v this_o after_o the_o death_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a the_o northern_a britain_n of_o stratelwyd_n and_o cumberland_n be_v mighty_o infest_a and_o weaken_a through_o the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n saxon_n and_o scot_n insomuch_o that_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o will_v not_o submit_v their_o neck_n to_o the_o yoke_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v their_o country_n and_o to_o seek_v for_o more_o quiet_a habitation_n therefore_o towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o anarawd_n reign_n several_a of_o they_o come_v to_o gwyneth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o hoberet_fw-la who_o distress_a condition_n the_o prince_n commiserate_v grant_v they_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o chester_n and_o conwey_n to_o seat_n themselves_o in_o in_o case_n they_o can_v drive_v out_o the_o saxon_n who_o have_v late_o possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o the_o britain_n have_v return_v their_o thanks_o to_o anarawd_n present_o fall_v to_o work_v and_o necessity_n give_v edge_n to_o their_o valour_n they_o easy_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n who_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o warm_a in_o their_o seat_n for_o some_o time_n they_o continue_v peaceable_o in_o this_o part_n of_o wales_n but_o eadred_a duke_n of_o mercia_n call_v by_o the_o welsh_a edryd_n wallthîr_n not_o be_v able_a any_o long_o to_o bear_v such_o a_o ignominious_a ejection_n make_v great_a preparation_n
for_o the_o regaining_a of_o the_o say_a country_n but_o the_o northern_a britain_n who_o have_v settle_v themselves_o there_o have_v intelligence_n of_o his_o design_n for_o the_o better_a security_n of_o their_o cattle_n and_o other_o effect_n remove_v they_o beyond_o the_o river_n conwey_n prince_n anarawd_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v not_o idle_a but_o draw_v together_o all_o the_o strength_n he_o can_v raise_v encamp_v his_o army_n near_o the_o town_n of_o conwey_n at_o a_o place_n call_v cymryt_n where_o himself_o and_o his_o man_n have_v make_v gallant_a resistance_n against_o the_o press_a effort_n of_o the_o saxon_n obtain_v a_o very_a complete_a victory_n this_o battle_n be_v by_o some_o call_v gwaeth_n cymryt_n conwey_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v fight_v in_o the_o township_n of_o cymryt_n near_o conwey_n but_o prince_n anarawd_n will_v have_v it_o call_v dial_n rodri_n because_o he_o have_v there_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n rodri._n in_o this_o battle_n tadwal_n rodri_n son_n receive_v a_o wound_n in_o the_o knee_n which_o make_v he_o be_v denominate_v tudwal_n glôff_n ever_o after_o but_o for_o his_o signal_n service_n in_o this_o action_n his_o brethren_n bestow_v upon_o he_o vchelogoed_n gwynedd_n but_o the_o britain_n pursue_n their_o victory_n chase_v the_o saxon_n quite_o out_o of_o wales_n into_o mercia_n where_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o border_n they_o return_v home_o lade_v with_o rich_a spoil_n and_o so_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n betwixt_o chester_n and_o conwey_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o they_o peaceable_o enjoy_v but_o anarawd_n to_o express_v his_o thankfulness_n to_o god_n for_o this_o great_a victory_n give_v very_o considerable_a land_n and_o possession_n to_o the_o collegiate_n church_n of_o bangor_n and_o clynnoc_n vawr_n in_o arfon_n after_o this_o those_o dane_n that_o lie_v at_o fulhenham_n near_o london_n cross_v the_o sea_n to_o france_n and_o pass_v to_o paris_n along_o the_o river_n seyn_fw-mi spoil_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o and_o vanquish_v the_o french_a that_o come_v against_o they_o but_o in_o their_o return_n towards_o the_o sea-coast_n they_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o britain_n of_o armorica_n who_o slay_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n confuse_o endeavour_v to_o escape_v to_o their_o ship_n be_v all_o drown_v one_o shall_v think_v that_o the_o several_a misfortune_n the_o dane_n sustain_v first_o at_o sandwich_n then_o by_o king_n alfred_n and_o now_o in_o france_n will_v have_v quite_o drain_v their_o number_n and_o utter_o have_v rid_v britain_n from_o so_o troublesome_a a_o enemy_n but_o like_o ill_a weed_n the_o more_o you_o root_v they_o the_o fast_o they_o will_v grow_v the_o dane_n be_v still_o supply_v from_o abroad_o and_o if_o a_o army_n be_v vanquish_v here_o another_o be_v sure_a to_o come_v in_o their_o room_n this_o the_o welsh_a find_v too_o true_a for_o not_o long_o after_o this_o famous_a defeat_n by_o the_o armorican_a britain_n the_o danes_n not_o able_a to_o venture_v upon_o these_o be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v themselves_o upon_o their_o friend_n of_o wales_n and_o therefore_o land_v in_o north-wales_n they_o cruel_o harass_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n nor_o be_v it_o strange_a to_o consider_v from_o whence_o such_o a_o wonderful_a number_n of_o dane_n and_o norman_n can_v come_v for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n have_v under_o it_o not_o only_a denmark_n which_o be_v a_o small_a country_n divide_v by_o the_o sea_n into_o insulas_fw-la and_o peninsulas_fw-la as_o that_o which_o join_v upon_o saxony_n and_o holsatia_n call_v cymbrica_n chersonesus_n with_o the_o island_n of_o zealand_n and_o finnen_n but_o also_o normay_v and_o the_o large_a country_n of_o sweden_n reach_v to_o muscovy_n and_o almost_o to_o the_o north-pole_n this_o country_n be_v then_o scarce_o know_v to_o the_o world_n do_v of_o a_o sudden_a pour_fw-fr out_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o people_n which_o like_o a_o sudden_a storm_n unexpected_o overran_a all_o europe_n with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n of_o africa_n from_o hence_o proceed_v these_o dane_n who_o annoy_v england_n and_o the_o norman_n who_o conquer_v france_n both_o nation_n be_v original_o derive_v from_o the_o same_o stock_n a.d._n 890_o the_o dane_n have_v not_o appear_v in_o england_n for_o some_o time_n and_o therefore_o be_v now_o resolve_v to_o take_v so_o sure_a a_o foot_n as_o they_o can_v easy_o be_v repulse_v two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o sail_n be_v land_v at_o lymene_n in_o kent_n hard_o by_o the_o great_a forest_n of_o andreslege_n they_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o auldre_n or_o apledore_n the_o same_o time_n haste_v with_o a_o fleet_n of_o eighty_o sail_v venture_v to_o the_o thames_n mouth_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o mydlton_n have_v first_o make_v a_o oath_n to_o king_n alfred_n not_o to_o molest_v he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n but_o have_v build_v the_o castle_n of_o beamfleet_n he_o think_v himself_o to_o have_v obtain_v so_o great_a a_o strength_n that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o observe_v the_o oath_n late_o swear_v to_o king_n alfred_n and_o therefore_o invade_v the_o country_n round_o about_o he_o but_o he_o soon_o find_v his_o mistake_n and_o be_v force_v to_o betake_v himself_o back_o to_o his_o castle_n which_o be_v quick_o pull_v down_o upon_o his_o head_n and_o his_o wife_n and_o two_o son_n take_v prisoner_n who_o be_v christen_v be_v again_o restore_v to_o their_o father_n upon_o this_o haste_v and_o his_o dane_n depart_v from_o england_n and_o make_v their_o way_n for_o france_n where_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o limogis_n and_o despair_v of_o a_o speedy_a surrender_n of_o it_o betake_v himself_o to_o his_o usual_a way_n of_o deal_v sinistrous_o and_o devise_v this_o trick_n to_o win_v the_o town_n he_o feign_v himself_o to_o be_v dangerous_o sick_a and_o send_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o consul_n of_o the_o city_n desire_v of_o they_o most_o earnest_o that_o he_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n and_o be_v baptize_v before_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o this_o world_n the_o bishop_n and_o consul_n suspect_v no_o deceit_n be_v very_o glad_a not_o only_o to_o be_v deliver_v from_o the_o present_a danger_n of_o be_v besiege_v but_o also_o to_o win_v so_o great_a a_o person_n to_o the_o congregation_n of_o christ_n whereupon_o a_o firm_a peace_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o both_o nation_n hasting_n be_v baptize_v the_o bishop_n and_o consul_n be_v his_o godfather_n which_o be_v end_v he_o be_v carry_v back_o by_o his_o soldier_n to_o his_o ship_n in_o a_o very_a infirm_a condition_n as_o he_o outward_o pretend_v about_o midnight_n he_o cause_v himself_o with_o his_o arm_n about_o he_o to_o be_v lay_v on_o a_o bier_n and_o command_v his_o soldier_n to_o carry_v their_o weapon_n with_o they_o under_o â—â—eir_n coat_n and_o so_o to_o be_v ready_a when_o he_o shall_v give_v â—â—em_v the_o word_n the_o next_o day_n all_o thing_n be_v in_o readiness_n he_o be_v solemn_o bring_v by_o his_o soldier_n â—ith_o great_a clamour_n and_o counterfeit_n mourn_v to_o be_v ster_v in_o the_o chief_a church_n of_o the_o city_n where_o the_o shop_n and_o consul_n accompany_v with_o all_o the_o most_o honourable_a member_n of_o the_o town_n come_v to_o honour_v â—â—e_z funeral_n but_o when_o the_o bishop_n have_v make_v himself_o â—â—ady_o to_o bury_v the_o body_n and_o all_o the_o citizen_n be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o church_n up_o start_v haste_v with_o his_o sword_n â—â—awn_v and_o kill_v first_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o consul_n afterwards_o fall_v in_o with_o his_o arm_a soldier_n upon_o the_o naâ—ed_a people_n put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n and_o spare_v â—either_o age_n sex_n nor_o infirmity_n have_v ransack_v â—â—e_v town_n he_o send_v messenger_n to_o charles_n the_o frenchâ—ing_n â—ing_z to_o mediate_v for_o peace_n which_o he_o easy_o obtain_v together_o with_o the_o town_n of_o chartres_n towards_o the_o deâ—aying_n of_o his_o charge_n at_o this_o time_n hennith_n ap_fw-mi bledric_n a_o baron_n of_o wales_n a.d._n 891_o â—â—ed_n and_o two_o year_n after_o anarawd_n prince_n of_o north_n a.d._n 893_o wales_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o english_a marâ—ed_v against_o his_o brother_n cadelh_n and_o spoil_v the_o country_n of_o cardigan_n and_o ystradgwy_n at_o the_o same_o â—â—me_n the_o dane_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o excester_n â—nd_v when_o alfred_n have_v march_v to_o oppose_v they_o they_o â—â—at_v continue_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o auldre_n pass_v over_o to_o essex_v and_o build_v another_o castle_n at_o scobrith_n and_o from_o â—ence_n march_v to_o budington_n seat_v upon_o the_o severn_n when_o alfred_n come_v near_o to_o excester_n the_o dane_n present_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o â—heir_a ship_n sail_v towards_o wales_n
and_o spoil_v the_o sea-coast_n thereof_o and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o buellt_n but_o the_o dane_n at_o budington_n be_v inform_v that_o king_n alfred_n march_v against_o they_o flee_v back_o to_o their_o castle_n in_o essex_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v fain_o to_o alâ—er_v his_o march_n and_o to_o convert_v his_o force_n against_o leyâ—ester_n where_o a_o party_n of_o dane_n be_v so_o warm_o besiege_v that_o at_o length_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o feed_v upon_o their_o horse_n but_o the_o season_n â—f_n the_o year_n for_o action_n be_v end_v and_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n be_v advance_v alfred_n 〈◊〉_d force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o to_o wait_v the_o next_o opportunity_n a.d._n 895_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o town_n but_o before_o 〈◊〉_d can_v appear_v before_o it_o again_o the_o dane_n fair_o quittâ—â—_n it_o and_o together_o with_o those_o in_o northumberland_n passâ—â—_n by_o the_o north-sea_n to_o meresige_v a_o isle_n in_o essex_n thâ—_n a.d._n 896_o next_o year_n they_o enter_v the_o thames_n and_o build_v a_o caâ—â—â—â—_n twenty_o mile_n distant_a from_o london_n upon_o the_o strengâ—â—_n of_o which_o they_o venture_v to_o spoil_v and_o waste_v the_o coâ—â—trey_n thereabouts_o but_o pay_v very_o dear_a for_o their_o courage_n be_v accidental_o meet_v with_o they_o receive_v 〈◊〉_d bloody_a overthrow_n have_v four_o of_o their_o prince_n slâ—â—_n upon_o the_o spot_n and_o the_o rest_n very_o glad_a to_o make_v their_o â—scape_n to_o the_o castle_n upon_o this_o alfred_n divide_v the_o riâ—â—â—_n into_o three_o stream_n by_o which_o stratagem_n the_o waâ—_n become_v so_o diminish_v in_o the_o thames_n that_o the_o danâ—â—â—_n ship_n can_v not_o return_v back_o into_o the_o sea_n when_o tâ—â—_n danes_n perceive_v this_o and_o find_v it_o impracticable_a 〈◊〉_d they_o to_o escape_v in_o their_o ship_n they_o leave_v their_o wiâ—â—â—_n and_o child_n and_o all_o their_o effect_n in_o essex_n and_o 〈◊〉_d pass_v by_o land_n to_o enadbryge_n upon_o the_o severn_n aâ—â—_n then_o pass_v the_o river_n spoil_v the_o country_n 〈◊〉_d brecknock_n gwentland_n and_o gwentlhwg_n some_o of_o the_o at_o the_o same_o time_n pass_v over_o to_o france_n and_o another_o company_n coast_v about_o devonshire_n destroy_v tâ—â—_n maritime_a country_n but_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o english_a a.d._n 897_o lose_v six_o of_o their_o ship_n in_o the_o dispute_n tâ—â—_n follow_v summer_n the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n suffer_v extreme_o by_o locust_n who_o consume_v all_o the_o corn_n aâ—â—_n the_o grass_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o be_v 〈◊〉_d length_n by_o continue_a prayer_n and_o fast_v quite_o destroy_v these_o be_v common_a in_o africa_n and_o other_o hot_a râ—gions_n but_o seldom_o see_v in_o cold_a climate_n and_o whâ—â—_n they_o happen_v to_o travel_v so_o far_o they_o be_v always_o veâ—â—_n pestilentious_a and_o destructive_a to_o that_o country_n thâ—â—_n come_v to_o a.d._n 900_o this_o year_n igmond_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o danâ—â—_n land_v in_o anglesey_n and_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o welâ—â—_n at_o a_o place_n call_v molerain_n where_o merfyn_n be_v slaiâ—_n though_o other_o call_v it_o meilon_n and_o from_o the_o batâ—â—â—_n fight_v there_o maes_n rhô_v meilon_n the_o same_o yeâ—â—_n king_n alfred_n die_v who_o translate_v the_o ancient_a law_n 〈◊〉_d â—yfnwall_n moelmut_n king_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o law_n 〈◊〉_d queen_n marsia_n out_o of_o british_a into_o english_a and_o â—â—â—â—d_v it_o marsian_a law_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v â—â—â—st_n saxon_n law_n and_o observe_v in_o part_n of_o mercia_n â—â—â—h_v all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o south_n of_o thames_n the_o â—â—â—er_a part_n of_o the_o country_n have_v another_o law_n call_v â—â—â—e_a lex_n both_o which_o remain_v to_o the_o time_n of_o â—â—â—ard_a the_o confessor_n who_o of_o these_o two_o make_v one_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v very_o observable_a what_o be_v relate_v of_o king_n â—â—â—â—ed_v concern_v his_o division_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n inâ—â—â—hree_a part_n the_o one_o he_o set_v apart_o for_o devotion_n and_o â—â—â—â—dy_n the_o next_o for_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o three_o for_o his_o own_o rest_n and_o refreshment_n alfr_v be_v dead_a edward_n his_o elder_a son_n take_v upâ—â—â—im_v the_o crown_n which_o so_o displease_v the_o ambitious_a â—â—â—it_n of_o his_o brother_n adelwulph_n that_o present_o he_o raisâ—â—_n a_o cruel_a war_n against_o he_o and_o fly_v to_o northumâ—â—â—â—and_n stir_v up_o the_o dane_n against_o his_o brother_n â—â—â—ard_n the_o dane_n be_v glad_a of_o the_o opportunity_n â—â—â—ing_v now_o a_o fair_a pretence_n to_o render_v themselves_o â—â—sters_v of_o the_o whole_a island_n and_o therefore_o adelâ—â—ph_n be_v make_v king_n as_o well_o of_o the_o angle_n as_o of_o the_o â—â—â—es_n who_o by_o this_o time_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v one_o peoâ—â—â—_n march_v then_o proud_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a â—â—â—y_v at_o his_o heel_n he_o subdue_v the_o east_n saxon_n spoilâ—â—_n the_o country_n of_o mercia_n and_o pass_v over_o the_o thames_n â—rickland_n destroy_v brythend_n and_o return_v home_n â—â—â—h_v very_o great_a booty_n at_o the_o same_o time_n eun_v 〈◊〉_d slay_v in_o arwystly_a but_o edward_n be_v inform_v of_o brother_n retreat_n pursue_v he_o very_o eager_o but_o â—â—â—sing_v of_o he_o overran_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o counâ—â—â—_n betwixt_o ouse_n and_o the_o dike_n of_o s._n edmund_n and_o a_o return_v home_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n save_v the_o â—â—â—tish_a man_n who_o be_v too_o greedy_a of_o plunder_n rashâ—â—â—arried_v behind_o for_o the_o dane_n perceive_v the_o boâ—â—_n of_o the_o army_n to_o be_v return_v and_o that_o a_o small_a â—â—â—y_v still_o continue_v to_o ravage_v the_o country_n presentiment_o upon_o they_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n to_o a_o shameful_a flight_n nor_o be_v the_o dane_n only_o powerful_a in_o england_n but_o molest_v anâ—_n a.d._n 905_o grow_v prevalent_a in_o ireland_n for_o this_o year_n they_o entâ—â—â—â—_n that_o kingdom_n slay_v carmot_n king_n and_o bishop_n of_o 〈◊〉_d ireland_n a_o religious_a and_o a_o virtuous_a person_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d cukeman_n and_o kyrnalt_a son_n of_o murgan_n king_n of_o lâ—gines_n a.d._n 906_o the_o year_n after_o die_v asser_n archbishop_n of_o s._n dâ—vids_n uncle_n to_o the_o famous_a and_o learned_a asser_n surname_v menevensis_n who_o be_v chancellor_n to_o his_o uncâ—â—_n the_o archbishop_n be_v send_v for_o by_o king_n alfred_n to_o instruct_v his_o child_n who_o life_n he_o afterward_o wroâ—â—_n and_o be_v make_v bishop_n of_o shireburn_n edward_n to_o force_v his_o brother_n from_o his_o countrâ—_n and_o to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o the_o kentishman_n dispatch_v a_o army_n to_o northumberland_n which_o have_v spoil_v the_o country_n return_v home_o upon_o whiâ—â—_n the_o dane_n to_o return_v their_o kindness_n destroy_v a_o greâ—â—_n part_n of_o mercia_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o edwâ—â—â—_n have_v raise_v a_o very_a considerable_a army_n give_v tâ—â—_n dane_n battle_n overthrow_v they_o and_o slay_v their_o kinâ—â—_n alden_n and_o edelwulph_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o noble_n this_o add_v very_o much_o to_o his_o dominionâ—_n which_o be_v the_o more_o increase_v and_o strengthen_v 〈◊〉_d the_o addition_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o oxford_n which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o edelred_n duke_n of_o merâ—â—â—_n edward_n seize_v into_o his_o own_o hand_n permit_v 〈◊〉_d wife_n elfleda_n to_o enjoy_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o dukedom_n a.d._n 907_o short_o after_o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n diâ—â—_n leave_v behind_o he_o three_o son_n howel_n dha_n or_o tâ—â—_n good_a who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n 〈◊〉_d south_n wales_n meyric_n and_o clydawe_n king_n edwardâ—â—ving_v â—â—ving_z obtain_v so_o signal_n a_o victory_n over_o the_o dane_n aâ—â—_n render_v his_o kingdom_n for_o some_o time_n quiet_a begin_v 〈◊〉_d build_v place_n of_o strength_n which_o may_v be_v serviceabâ—â—_n against_o a_o future_a storm_n he_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o hartforâ—_n betwixt_o the_o river_n benefic_n minier_n and_o lige_n anâ—_n also_o erect_v the_o burrow_n of_o wytham_n in_o essex_n anâ—_n continue_v sometime_o in_o wealdyne_n to_o keep_v those_o â—_z in_o awe_n but_o in_o spite_n of_o all_o this_o precaution_n thâ—_n danes_n of_o leycester_n and_o hampton_n begin_v the_o follow_a year_n to_o be_v very_o troublesome_a slay_v a_o great_a number_n 〈◊〉_d english_a at_o hotchnorton_n and_o in_o their_o return_n homâ—_n â—ard_n destroy_v the_o country_n of_o oxford_n about_o the_o â—â—me_n time_n a_o considerable_a fleet_n from_o tydwike_n under_z â—â—e_z command_n of_o uther_n and_o rahald_v sail_v by_o the_o weâ—â—ern_a sea_n to_o wales_n and_o destroy_v s._n david_n where_o â—as_v fight_v the_o battle_n of_o dinarth_n and_o mayloc_n the_o â—on_n of_o peredur_n gam_n be_v slay_v after_o this_o they_o enâ—â—â—ed_v a.d._n 911_o into_o herefordshire_n where_o they_o be_v
pay_v the_o like_a sum_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n but_o king_n ethelstane_n be_v not_o less_o terrible_a abroad_o than_o he_o be_v awe_v and_o fear_v at_o home_n the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o norwâ—â—_n send_v he_o very_o great_a and_o costly_a present_n to_o obtain_v his_o favour_n and_o to_o gain_v his_o good_a will._n a.d._n 936_o this_o year_n eun_v the_o son_n of_o clydawe_n and_o meyriâ—_n the_o son_n of_o cadelh_n die_v the_o same_o time_n king_n athelstane_n remove_v the_o britain_n who_o live_v at_o excester_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n to_o cornwall_n bound_v theâ—_n with_o the_o river_n cambria_n now_o tamar_n as_o the_o britain_n of_o wâ—les_n with_o the_o wey_n not_o long_o after_o the_o a.d._n 939_o noble_a prince_n athelstane_n die_v to_o the_o great_a and_o inexpressible_a sorrow_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o malmesbury_n and_o succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n edmund_n not_o inferior_a to_o he_o in_o courage_n but_o preferable_a by_o right_a of_o nativity_n be_v bear_v in_o wedlock_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o give_v a_o very_a considerable_a blow_n to_o the_o dane_n take_v from_o they_o the_o city_n of_o leycester_n derby_n scafford_n lincoln_n and_o nottinham_n then_o aulafe_a king_n of_o the_o dane_n find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o king_n edmund_n desire_a peace_n and_o withal_o to_o be_v initiate_v in_o the_o christian_a faith_n which_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o and_o all_o his_o dane_n receive_v baptism_n king_n edmund_n stand_v godfather_n at_o the_o font_n after_o which_o both_o party_n conclude_v a_o firm_a and_o a_o last_a peace_n edmund_n honourable_o return_v to_o west-sex_n the_o same_o year_n die_v abloic_a chief_a king_n of_o ireland_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o arthuael_n a_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n be_v for_o what_o reason_n not_o discover_v imprison_v by_o the_o english_a to_o revenge_v which_o indignity_n edwal_n foel_n and_o his_o brother_n elis_n gather_v their_o force_n together_o and_o fight_v against_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n but_o be_v both_o unhappy_o slay_v this_o edwal_n â—oel_n have_v six_o son_n meyric_n jevaf_n jago_n conan_n edwal_n fychan_n and_o roderic_n and_o his_o brother_n elis_n have_v issue_n conan_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v traw_v the_o mother_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n and_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n which_o two_o last_n be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n howel_n dha_n howel_n dha_n have_v be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o powis_n in_o which_o government_n a.d._n 940_o he_o have_v so_o just_o and_o discreet_o behave_v himself_o that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o edwal_n foel_n he_o be_v worthy_o prefer_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n notwithstanding_o that_o edwal_n have_v leave_v behind_o he_o several_a son_n who_o at_o first_o seem_v to_o murmur_v at_o and_o resent_v the_o election_n of_o howel_n dha_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o take_v care_n of_o be_v to_o enact_v good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o country_n which_o hold_v in_o force_n in_o wales_n till_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o when_o the_o welsh_a receive_v the_o law_n of_o england_n yet_o not_o so_o general_o but_o that_o in_o some_o place_n they_o continue_v long_o after_o and_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o welsh_a and_o latin_a tongue_n for_o howel_n dha_n perceive_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o his_o country_n to_o have_v grow_v to_o great_a abuse_n send_v for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o menevia_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o chief_a clergy_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 140._o and_o all_o the_o baron_n and_o noble_n of_o wales_n and_o order_v that_o six_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o best_a esteem_a person_n in_o every_o commote_a shall_v be_v cite_v before_o he_o at_o his_o palace_n call_v you_o tie_v gwyn_n be_v taf_n or_o the_o white_a house_n upon_o the_o river_n taf._n thither_o come_v himself_o he_o remain_v with_o his_o noble_n prelate_n and_o subject_n for_o all_o the_o lent_n in_o prayer_n and_o fast_v implore_v the_o assistance_n and_o direction_n of_o god_n holy_a spirit_n that_o he_o may_v reform_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o peaceable_a government_n of_o his_o subject_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o lent_n he_o choose_v out_o of_o that_o assembly_n twelve_o of_o the_o wise_a and_o grave_a and_o person_n of_o the_o great_a experience_n to_o who_o he_o add_v blegor_v a_o man_n of_o singular_a learning_n and_o one_o exquisite_o verse_v in_o the_o law_n to_o these_o he_o give_v commission_n to_o examine_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o collect_v out_o of_o they_o what_o be_v requisite_a towards_o the_o government_n of_o the_o country_n according_a to_o which_o charge_n they_o retain_v those_o 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his_o day_n the_o summer_n that_o same_o year_n prove_v so_o immoderate_o hot_a that_o it_o cause_v a_o very_a dismal_a plague_n in_o the_o follow_a spring_n which_o sweep_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n before_o which_o gwgan_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderie_n die_v at_o this_o time_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n forcible_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n and_o act_v according_a to_o their_o own_o good_a pleasure_n no_o one_o dare_v to_o confront_v or_o resist_v they_o but_o for_o all_o their_o power_n the_o son_n of_o abloio_n king_n of_o ireland_n venture_v to_o land_n in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v burn_v holyhead_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o lhyn_n also_o the_o son_n of_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o colhoyn_n destroy_v and_o ravage_v all_o the_o country_n to_o a.d._n 961_o towyn_n where_o they_o be_v intercept_v and_o slay_v about_o the_o same_o time_n die_v meyric_n the_o son_n of_o cadfan_n rytherch_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n and_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n not_o long_o after_o the_o country_n of_o north-wales_n be_v cruel_o a.d._n 965_o waste_v by_o the_o army_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o invasion_n be_v the_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o tribute_n that_o the_o king_n of_o aberffraw_n by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n but_o at_o length_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n instead_o of_o money_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n yearly_a which_o creature_n be_v then_o very_o pernicious_a and_o destructive_a to_o england_n and_o wales_n this_o tribure_n be_v due_o perform_v for_o two_o year_n the_o three_o year_n there_o be_v none_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o island_n so_o that_o afterward_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n become_v exempt_a from_o pay_v any_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n a.d._n 966_o the_o terror_n apprehend_v from_o the_o english_a be_v by_o these_o mean_v vanish_v there_o threaten_v another_o cloud_n from_o ireland_n for_o the_o irish_a be_v animate_v by_o their_o late_a expedition_n land_v again_o in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v slay_v roderic_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n they_o destroy_v aboffraw_n and_o this_o danger_n be_v over_o jevaf_a and_o a.d._n 967_o â—ago_n who_o have_v joint_o and_o agreeable_o till_o now_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o wales_n from_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n â—ha_n begin_v to_o quarrel_n and_o disagree_v among_o themselves_o and_o jago_n have_v forcible_o lay_v hand_n upon_o his_o brother_n 〈◊〉_d confine_v he_o to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n these_o heat_n and_o animosity_n between_o the_o two_o brother_n a.d._n 968_o give_v occasion_n and_o opportunity_n to_o owen_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n to_o carve_v for_o himself_o who_o present_o seize_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n and_o to_o a.d._n 969_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n mactus_fw-la the_o son_n of_o harold_n with_o a_o army_n of_o dane_n entere_v the_o isle_n of_o anglescy_n and_o spoil_v penmon_n king_n edgar_z be_v so_o indulgent_a to_o these_o dane_n that_o he_o permit_v they_o to_o inhabit_v through_o all_o england_n insomuch_o that_o at_o length_n they_o become_v to_o be_v as_o numerous_a â—nd_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o english_a themselves_o and_o fall_v into_o â—uch_n lewd_a course_n of_o debauchery_n and_o such_o horrid_a drink_v that_o very_o great_a mischief_n ensue_v thereupon_o the_o king_n to_o reform_v this_o immoderate_a sottishness_n enact_v a_o law_n that_o very_o one_o shall_v drink_v by_o measure_n and_o so_o stamp_v a_o mark_n upon_o every_o vessel_n how_o â—â—at_a it_o shall_v be_v fill_v but_o harold_n have_v take_v pennon_n a.d._n 970_o make_v subject_n to_o himself_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o however_o he_o do_v not_o keep_v long_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o same_o and_o to_o return_v home_o as_o do_v the_o fleet_n of_o king_n alfred_n which_o he_o have_v send_v to_o subdue_v caâ—rlheon_n upon_o vsc_n and_o now_o be_v rid_v of_o the_o a.d._n 971_o english_a and_o dane_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o raise_v commotion_n among_o themselves_o jevaf_fw-mi continue_v still_o in_o prison_n a.d._n 972_o to_o rescue_v who_o his_o son_n howel_n raise_v his_o power_n and_o march_v against_o his_o uncle_n jago_n who_o be_v vanquish_v in_o sight_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n to_o â—ave_n himself_o howel_n have_v win_v the_o day_n take_v his_o elder_a uncle_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n prisoner_n and_o pull_v out_o both_o his_o eye_n clap_v he_o in_o prison_n where_o in_o a_o woeful_a condition_n he_o short_o die_v leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n and_o jonafal_n the_o first_o of_o which_o live_v to_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o revenge_v upon_o the_o posterity_n of_o howel_n that_o unnatural_a barbarity_n show_v to_o his_o father_n but_o though_o howel_n deliver_v his_o father_n from_o his_o long_a and_o tedious_a imprisonment_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o principality_n for_o whether_o by_o age_n or_o infirmity_n he_o be_v incapable_a howel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o wales_n which_o he_o keep_v and_o maintain_v for_o his_o life-time_n but_o afterward_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o brethren_n for_o jevaf_n have_v issue_n beside_o this_o howel_n meyric_n iâ—vaf_n and_o cadwalhan_n all_o three_o man_n of_o great_a repuâ—â—_n and_o esteem_n about_o this_o time_n die_v morgan_n hên_o in_o his_o young_a day_n call_v morgan_z mawr_z be_v a_o hundred_o yearâ—_n old_a have_v live_v fifty_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hâ—â—_n wife_n elen_n daughter_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a by_o whoâ—_n he_o have_v one_o son_n call_v owen_n morgan_z be_v a_o valiant_a anâ—_n a_o victorious_a prince_n and_o well_o belove_v of_o his_o subject_n 〈◊〉_d but_o sometime_o before_o his_o death_n owen_n the_o son_n oâ—_n prince_n howel_n dha_n lay_v claim_n to_o ystradwy_n and_o eâ—y_n call_v the_o two_o sleeve_n of_o gwent_n vwchcoed_n be_v thâ—_n right_o of_o morgan_n and_o seize_v upon_o they_o to_o his_o owâ—_n use_v but_o the_o matter_n through_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n be_v by_o both_o party_n refer_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n it_o be_v by_o he_o adjudge_v that_o the_o say_v land_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o morgan_n and_o to_o the_o diocese_n of_o lhandaff_n and_o that_o owen_n ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n have_v wrongful_o possess_v himself_o of_o they_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o say_a award_n waâ—_n make_v before_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n at_n may_v be_v see_v at_o lhandaff_n in_o a_o old_a manuscript_n call_v y_o cwtta_n cyfarwydd_n 〈◊〉_d forgannwg_n and_o there_o be_v somewhat_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o lhandaff_n only_o the_o mistake_n in_o both_o be_v that_o they_o make_v howel_n dha_n the_o intruder_n into_o the_o say_a land_n who_o have_v be_v dead_a at_o least_o twenty_o year_n before_o king_n edgar_n begin_v his_o reign_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jevaf_fw-mi howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v expel_v his_o uncle_n jago_n and_o force_v he_o to_o quit_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—â—ok_v upon_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n in_o â—â—ght_n of_o his_o father_n who_o though_o alive_a yet_o by_o reason_n of_o â—â—s_o year_n be_v willing_a to_o decline_v it_o about_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d dwnwalhon_n prince_n of_o stradclwyd_n take_v his_o journey_n for_o rome_n and_o edwalhon_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n â—f_n south-wales_n die_v but_o the_o english_a receive_v a_o â—â—eater_a blow_n by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o
in_o among_o they_o but_o in_o the_o action_n be_v slay_v leave_v no_o issue_n behind_o he_o to_o succeed_v in_o his_o principality_n though_o 〈◊〉_d some_o ancient_a genealogy_n he_o be_v repute_v to_o have_v a_o soâ—_n call_v conan_n y_o cwn_n cadwalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi jevaf_fw-mi howel_n the_o son_n of_o jevaf_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n enjoy_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n more_o by_o â—ain_a force_n and_o usurpation_n than_o any_o right_n of_o sucâ—ssion_n he_o can_v pretend_v to_o it_o for_o jonafal_n and_o edwalâ—â—e_a â—â—e_z son_n of_o meyric_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n â—ere_z living_n and_o though_o their_o father_n have_v be_v reject_v 〈◊〉_d unfit_a for_o government_n yet_o that_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o â—eprive_v they_o of_o their_o right_n indeed_o howel_n can_v pretend_v to_o no_o other_o right_n or_o title_n than_o that_o his_o faâ—â—er_a jevaf_n have_v be_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n before_o 〈◊〉_d and_o this_o he_o think_v sufficient_a to_o maintain_v his_o possession_n against_o the_o rightful_a heir_n who_o be_v far_o unâ—â—le_a to_o oppose_v or_o molest_v his_o wrongful_a usurpation_n â—â—â—t_v he_o be_v slay_v in_o this_o rash_a expedition_n against_o the_o english_a and_o leave_v no_o issue_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o â—rown_n his_o brother_n cadwalhon_n think_v he_o may_v rightful_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n â—eing_v his_o father_n and_o his_o brother_n have_v without_o any_o molestation_n enjoy_v the_o same_o however_o to_o make_v his_o â—itle_n secure_a he_o think_v fit_a to_o remove_v all_o manner_n of_o â—â—bs_n which_o may_v create_v any_o dispute_n concern_v his_o â—â—ght_n of_o succession_n and_o to_o that_o end_n conclude_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v away_o his_o cousin_n jonafal_n and_o â—dwal_a the_o lawful_a heir_n the_o first_o of_o which_o he_o execute_v according_o but_o edwal_n be_v aware_a of_o his_o intention_n private_o make_v his_o escape_n and_o so_o prevent_v â—is_n wicked_a design_n this_o unnatural_a deal_v with_o his_o cousin_n jonafal_n and_o edwal_n cost_v cadwalhon_n not_o only_a â—is_n life_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o principality_n and_o the_o utter_a â—uin_n of_o his_o father_n house_n for_o he_o have_v scarce_o enjoy_v a.d._n 985_o his_o government_n one_o year_n but_o meredith_n the_o son_n â—f_fw-fr owen_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n enter_v into_o north-wales_n slay_v cadwalhon_n and_o his_o brother_n meyric_n the_o â—nly_o remain_v of_o the_o house_n of_o jevaf_n and_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o conquest_n possess_v himself_o of_o the_o whole_a country_n here_o we_o may_v observe_v and_o admire_v the_o wisdom_n of_o providence_n in_o permit_v wrong_a and_o oppression_n for_o some_o time_n to_o flourish_v and_o wax_v great_a and_o afterward_o by_o secret_a and_o hide_a method_n in_o restore_v the_o posterity_n of_o the_o right_n and_o lawful_a heir_n 〈◊〉_d the_o just_a and_o pristine_a estate_n of_o his_o ancestor_n foâ—_n after_o the_o death_n of_o edwal_n foel_n meyric_n who_o by_o righâ—_n of_o birth_n be_v legal_o to_o succeed_v be_v not_o only_o deprive_v of_o his_o just_a and_o righful_a inheritance_n but_o have_v 〈◊〉_d eye_n most_o inhuman_o put_v out_o and_o be_v condemneâ—_n to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n for_o grief_n of_o be_v so_o barbarous_o treat_v quick_o end_v his_o day_n but_o thâ—â—_n his_o brother_n jevaf_n and_o jago_n and_o howel_n and_o caâ—walhon_n the_o son_n of_o the_o former_a successive_o enjoyâ—â—_n the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n yet_o not_o one_o diâ—_n natural_o or_o free_a from_o the_o revenge_n of_o meyric_n ejection_n for_o jevaf_n be_v imprison_v by_o his_o brother_n jagâ—_n and_o he_o with_o his_o son_n constantine_n by_o howel_n the_o sâ—â—_n of_o jevaf_n and_o afterward_o howel_n fall_v by_o the_o hand_n oâ—_n the_o english_a and_o his_o brethren_n cadwalhon_n and_o meyâ—â—_n be_v both_o slay_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n on_o the_o other_o side_n edwal_n ab_fw-la meyric_n who_o be_v right_a heir_n of_o north_n wales_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n jonafal_n escapâ—â—_n the_o snare_n intend_v by_o cadwalhon_n and_o meredith_n 〈◊〉_d owen_n after_o some_o time_n leave_v north_n wales_n exposeâ—_n to_o the_o enemy_n by_o reason_n he_o have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o preserve_v south-wales_n edwal_n be_v receive_v of_o the_o north-wales_n man_n as_o their_o true_a prince_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n a.d._n 986_o meredith_n have_v win_v the_o field_n and_o slay_v cadwalhâ—â—_n and_o his_o brother_n meyric_n the_o only_a seem_a pretender_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n take_v upoâ—_n himself_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o it_o but_o before_o â—e_n can_v be_v well_o confirm_v in_o his_o dominion_n godfryâ—_n â—he_v son_n of_o harold_n the_o three_o time_n enter_v into_o the_o â—sle_n of_o anglesey_n and_o have_v take_v lhyarch_v the_o son_n of_o owen_n with_o 2000_o man_n prisoner_n most_o cruel_o put_v out_o â—is_n eye_n which_o so_o startle_v and_o strike_v such_o a_o terror_n â—nto_fw-la prince_n meredith_n that_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n â—e_v forthwith_o make_v his_o escape_n and_o flee_v to_o cardigan_n this_o loss_n to_o the_o welsh_a be_v the_o same_o year_n second_v â—y_a another_o but_o of_o another_o sort_n for_o there_o happen_v â—uch_v a_o dismal_a and_o unusual_a murrain_n that_o the_o best_a part_n â—f_a the_o cattle_n of_o wales_n perish_v neither_o be_v the_o â—nglish_fw-fr at_o this_o time_n free_a from_o adversity_n and_o trouble_n for_o the_o dane_n land_v again_o in_o england_n with_o several_a army_n and_o at_o westport_n and_o wotte_v give_v two_o â—nglish_fw-fr lord_n godan_n and_o britchwould_n such_o a_o blow_n â—hat_n the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o buy_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o â—ayment_n of_o 10000_o pound_n which_o be_v term_v dane_n â—elt_v but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o king_n edelred_n violate_v â—nd_n break_v the_o peace_n himself_o and_o prepare_v a_o great_a â—eet_n think_v to_o vanquish_v the_o dane_n at_o sea_n but_o 〈◊〉_d prove_v far_o otherwise_o and_o much_o contrary_n to_o his_o expectation_n all_o his_o ship_n be_v either_o destroy_v or_o â—aken_v together_o with_o the_o admiral_n alfric_n earl_n of_o mercin_n the_o dane_n be_v animate_v with_o this_o victory_n fail_v up_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o hâ—mber_n and_o landâ—â—g_v in_o york_n shire_n spoil_v and_o destroy_v the_o city_n of_o â—â—rk_n and_o lindsey_n but_o in_o their_o march_n through_o norâ—humberland_n be_v rout_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n by_o godwynâ—nd_n â—nd_z fridgist_n two_o english_a general_n who_o be_v send_v to_o â—ppose_v they_o the_o same_o time_n anâ—â—f_a king_n of_o norway_n â—nd_v swain_n of_o denmark_n with_o 94_o galley_n sail_v up_o the_o thames_n and_o besiege_a london_n which_o the_o citizen_n to_o â—ravely_o defend_v that_o at_o length_n the_o dane_n think_v â—est_n to_o raise_v and_o quit_v the_o siege_n but_o though_o they_o â—ould_v effect_v nothing_o upon_o the_o city_n yet_o the_o country_n â—as_v at_o their_o mercy_n and_o therefore_o leave_v their_o ship_n â—hey_v land_v and_o waste_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o kent_n essex_n sussex_n surry_n and_o hampshire_n wherefore_o king_n edelred_n instead_o of_o manly_a opposition_n in_o the_o field_n â—ends_v ambassador_n to_o treat_v about_o another_o payment_n â—nd_v so_o the_o dane_n be_v satisfy_v with_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o victual_n lay_v quiet_a that_o winter_n at_o southampton_n upon_o this_o composition_n anlaf_n be_v invite_v by_o adelred_n and_o royal_o entertain_v and_o be_v dismiss_v with_o very_a many_o rich_a present_n he_o promise_v upon_o oath_n to_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n and_o never_o to_o molest_v it_o any_o more_o which_o he_o faithful_o perform_v a.d._n 987_o while_n the_o english_a and_o the_o dane_n be_v thus_o for_o aâ—_n time_n agree_v jevaf_a the_o son_n of_o edwal_n have_v speâ—â—_n for_o several_a year_n a_o retire_a and_o a_o private_a life_n die_v and_o be_v quick_o follow_v by_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o hoâ—â—â—_n dha_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n this_o owen_n have_v thrâ—â—_n son_n eineon_n who_o in_o his_o father_n time_n be_v slay_v by_o thâ—_n rebel_n of_o gwentland_n and_o lhywarch_n who_o have_v 〈◊〉_d eye_n put_v out_o by_o godfryd_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n the_o dâ—â—_n and_o prince_n meredith_n who_o have_v already_o conquereâ—_n north_n wales_n and_o now_o upon_o his_o father_n death_n takeâ—_n possession_n also_o of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o edwin_n and_o theodore_n the_o son_n of_o eineon_n his_o eldeâ—â—_n brother_n but_o upon_o his_o advancement_n to_o his_o new_a principality_n he_o be_v like_a to_o meet_v with_o no_o very_a small_a trouble_n for_o the_o dane_n at_o hampton_n quick_o break_v tâ—â—_n league_n with_o king_n adelred_n and_o sail_v towards_o thâ—_n west_n mighty_o annoy_v the_o coast_n of_o cornwall_n and_o dâ—vonshire_n and_o at_o last_o land_v in_o south-wales_n
haviâ—â—_n destroy_v st_n david_n lhanbadarn_n lhanrhystyd_n lhaâ—dydoch_n and_o several_a other_o religious_a place_n the_o country_n be_v so_o cruel_o harass_v and_o weaken_v that_o prince_n meredith_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v with_o they_o and_o 〈◊〉_d a.d._n 988_o pay_v a_o tribute_n of_o one_o penny_n for_o every_o person_n withâ—â—_n his_o dominion_n which_o in_o welsh_a be_v call_v glwmaâ—_n otherwise_o the_o tribute_n of_o the_o black_a army_n anâ—_n ireland_n too_o at_o this_o time_n receive_v no_o inconsiderablâ—_n blow_v from_o the_o dane_n who_o slay_v elwmaen_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d abloic_a king_n of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o spoil_v and_o ravage_v that_o kingdom_n that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o naâ—tives_n perish_v by_o famine_n a.d._n 989_o the_o year_n follow_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o dyfnwal_n a_o maâ—_n of_o a_o considerable_a note_n and_o reputation_n among_o the_o welsh_a be_v slay_v beside_o which_o nothing_o remarkable_a happen_v this_o year_n but_o the_o next_o year_n edwin_n ap_fw-mi eineon_n whâ—_n be_v right_a heir_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_a have_v draw_v to_o his_o help_n a_o great_a army_n of_o english_a a.d._n 990_o â—nd_a dane_n hostible_o enter_v into_o meredith_n country_n spoil_v all_o the_o land_n of_o cardigan_n dyfe_v gwyr_n kydâ—ely_a and_o st._n david_n and_o receive_v hostage_n of_o the_o chief_a person_n of_o those_o country_n to_o own_v he_o as_o their_o rightful_a prince_n to_o return_v these_o outrage_n upon_o edwin_n meredith_n destroy_v the_o town_n of_o radnor_n spoil_v a.d._n 991_o glamorgan_n and_o carry_v the_o chief_a man_n therein_o prisoner_n who_o pay_v their_o ransom_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n but_o whilâ—_n wales_n be_v in_o this_o totter_a conâ—ition_n and_o scarce_o any_o place_n free_a from_o hostility_n it_o happy_o fall_v out_o that_o meredith_n and_o edwin_n be_v make_v friend_n and_o the_o difference_n compose_v between_o they_o â—o_z that_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n who_o come_v in_o with_o edwin_n â—nd_v who_o expect_v to_o fare_v best_a by_o these_o civil_a disturbance_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v unexpected_o cashier_v and_o send_v home_o and_o soon_o after_o this_o agreement_n cadwalhon_n the_o only_a son_n of_o meredith_n die_v which_o render_v the_o composition_n between_o meredith_n and_o edwin_n more_o firm_a by_o reason_n that_o this_o latter_a thought_n now_o without_o any_o dispute_n to_o succeed_v meredith_n in_o his_o principality_n but_o this_o fall_v short_a of_o his_o aim_n for_o meredith_n be_v very_o much_o disturb_v in_o south-wales_n have_v â—o_o much_o work_v upon_o his_o hand_n to_o defend_v that_o country_n that_o he_o leave_v north-wales_n open_a and_o expose_v to_o the_o common_a enemy_n which_o the_o dane_n be_v quick_o acquaint_v with_o and_o so_o land_v in_o anglesâ—y_n they_o ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a island_n the_o north-wales_n man_n find_v themselves_o thus_o forsake_v by_o meredith_n and_o their_o country_n like_o to_o be_v overrun_v by_o the_o dane_n if_o not_o timely_o prevent_v set_v up_o edwal_n the_o son_n a.d._n 992_o of_o meyric_n the_o indisputable_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n though_o long_o keep_v from_o it_o and_o own_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n but_o those_o incessant_a war_n and_o commotion_n in_o south-wales_n occasion_v a_o very_a dismal_a famine_n and_o scarcity_n in_o the_o country_n of_o which_o a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o people_n perish_v and_o thus_o meredith_n who_o have_v once_o conquer_v north-wales_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o right_a or_o title_n to_o either_o be_v now_o oblige_v to_o relinquish_v the_o one_o and_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o other_o edwal_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n a.d._n 993_o edwal_n after_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a expectation_n be_v now_o joyful_o receive_v by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n for_o their_o prince_n endeavour_v the_o first_o thing_n to_o defend_v his_o subject_n from_o the_o injury_n and_o depredation_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o dane_n and_o have_v in_o a_o measure_n effect_v that_o he_o be_v accost_v by_o another_o enemy_n for_o meredith_n be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_n the_o indignity_n and_o disgrace_n put_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n in_o deprive_v he_o of_o the_o government_n of_o their_o country_n gather_v and_o muster_v together_o all_o his_o power_n intend_v to_o recover_v again_o that_o principality_n be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o lhangwm_n edwal_n meet_v he_o and_o in_o plain_a battle_n rout_v his_o army_n in_o which_o action_n theodor_n or_o tewdor_n mawr_z meredith_n nephew_n be_v slay_v leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n rhys_n and_o rytherch_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v elen._n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v not_o tewdor_n mawr_z but_o his_o brother_n edwin_n that_o be_v slay_v in_o this_o battle_n which_o also_o seem_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v fight_v at_o hengwm_n in_o ardudwy_n in_o merion_v shire_n than_o at_o lhangwm_n for_o in_o that_o place_n there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n certain_a monument_n of_o victory_n to_o be_v see_v as_o heap_n of_o stone_n tombstone_n and_o column_n which_o they_o call_v carneddi_n hengwm_n edwal_n return_v home_o triumphant_o after_o this_o victory_n think_v he_o have_v now_o secure_v himself_o in_o his_o government_n and_o expect_v to_o enjoy_v his_o dominion_n quiet_o and_o without_o any_o molestation_n but_o he_o have_v scarce_o recover_v the_o fatigue_n of_o the_o last_o engagement_n when_o swain_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n have_v late_o pillage_v and_o waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n land_v in_o north-wales_n who_o edwal_n endeavour_v to_o oppose_v be_v slay_v in_o the_o encounter_n leave_v one_o son_n behind_o he_o called_z jago_z within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o dane_n return_v again_o against_o st._n david_n and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n slay_v morgency_n or_o vrgeney_n bishop_n of_o that_o diocese_n prince_n meredith_n be_v high_o concern_v at_o the_o mischief_n these_o barbarous_a people_n continual_o do_v to_o his_o country_n and_o the_o more_o because_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o â—epel_v their_o insolence_n out_o of_o grief_n and_o vexation_n die_v have_v issue_n one_o only_a daughter_n name_v angharad_n who_o be_v twice_o marry_v first_o to_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylhe_fw-mi and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o confyn_n hirdref_n or_o â—as_v other_o think_v to_o confyn_n ap_fw-mi gwerystan_n she_o have_v child_n by_o both_o husband_n which_o occasion_v afterward_o great_a disturbance_n and_o civil_a commotion_n in_o wales_n the_o issue_n of_o both_o adventure_n pretend_v a_o right_a of_o succession_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n aedan_n ap_fw-mi blegorad_n edwal_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n against_o swain_n and_o have_v no_o other_o issue_n â—han_fw-mi jago_n who_o be_v a_o minor_a and_o too_o young_a to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n and_o meredith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n die_v without_o any_o other_o issue_n than_o a_o daughter_n cause_v very_o heavy_a quarrel_n and_o contention_n among_o the_o welsh_a several_a without_o any_o colour_n of_o right_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n and_o pretension_n to_o the_o government_n in_o north-wales_n conan_n the_o son_n a.d._n 1003_o of_o howel_n and_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o blegorad_n be_v the_o chief_a aspirer_n to_o that_o principality_n and_o because_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v who_o shall_v be_v the_o man_n they_o fair_o consent_v to_o try_v the_o matter_n in_o open_a field_n where_o conan_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v slay_v and_o so_o aedan_n be_v victorious_o proclaim_v prince_n of_o noâ—th_n wales_n but_o who_o this_o aedan_n be_v descend_v from_o or_o what_o colour_n or_o pretence_n he_o can_v lay_v to_o this_o principality_n can_v be_v as_o much_o as_o guess_v at_o there_o be_v none_o of_o that_o name_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o welsh_a record_n except_v that_o blegorad_n who_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o lyre_n of_o howel_n dha_n who_o estate_n and_o quality_n be_v too_o mean_a that_o his_o posterity_n shall_v lay_v any_o claim_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n but_o be_v that_o how_o it_o will_v aedâ—_n after_o his_o victory_n over_o conan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n be_v own_v prince_n by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n over_o who_o he_o bear_v rule_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twelve_o year_n though_o beside_o his_o conquest_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n there_o be_v nothing_o record_v of_o he_o except_v his_o be_v slay_v together_o with_o his_o four_o son_n by_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylhe_fw-mi but_o whilst_o the_o welsh_a be_v in_o this_o inconstant_a and_o unsettled_a condition_n the_o scot_n in_o ireland_n begin_v to_o grow_v powerful_a and_o have_v destroy_v the_o town_n and_o country_n of_o develyn_n they_o take_v gulfath_o and_o vbiad_n two_o irish_a lord_n prisoner_n who_o eye_n they_o most_o
at_o brentford_n and_o come_v to_o kent_n in_o pursuit_n of_o â—nute_n who_o upon_o engage_v be_v so_o shameful_o defeat_v at_o first_o and_o his_o man_n put_v to_o that_o terrible_a flight_n that_o â—ere_z want_v nothing_o of_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a victory_n â—â—t_v the_o true_a loyalty_n of_o the_o traitor_n edric_n who_o perceive_v the_o victory_n to_o incline_v to_o edmund_n and_o the_o â—anes_n like_v to_o receive_v their_o mortal_a and_o final_a blow_n â—â—yed_v aloud_o flee_v engle_n flee_v engle_n edmund_n be_v dead_a â—nd_v thereupon_o flee_v with_o that_o part_n of_o the_o army_n under_o â—â—s_o command_v leave_v the_o king_n overpower_a with_o â—umber_n by_o this_o desertion_n the_o english_a be_v at_o the_o â—â—st_n overthrow_v and_o a_o great_a number_n slay_v among_o â—hom_n be_v duke_n edmund_n duke_n alfric_n duke_n godâ—yn_n and_o vlfkettel_n the_o valiant_a duke_n of_o the_o east-angles_a together_o with_o all_o the_o english_a cavalry_n and_o a_o â—â—eat_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n after_o this_o victory_n cnuteâ—arched_v â—arched_z triumphant_o to_o london_n and_o be_v crown_v king_n but_o edmund_n prepare_v to_o try_v his_o fortune_n in_o anâ—ther_n field_n muster_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v â—nd_v meeting_n with_o cnute_n in_o gloucestershire_n intend_v â—o_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o consider_v what_o cruel_a and_o â—nnatural_a bloodshed_n have_v already_o happen_v both_o general_o agree_v to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o tedious_a quarrel_n by_o â—â—ngle_a combat_n and_o the_o place_n be_v appoint_v edmundâ—nd_a â—nd_z cnute_n fall_v to_o it_o very_o vigorous_o till_o at_o last_o cnuteâ—erceiving_v â—erceiving_z it_o impracticable_a to_o vanquish_v a_o man_n of_o iron_n sides_n lay_v down_o his_o weapon_n move_v this_o composition_n to_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n fair_o betwixt_o they_o edmund_n be_v not_o displease_v at_o the_o offer_n and_o therefore_o both_o party_n submit_v to_o this_o decision_n that_o edmund_n shall_v rule_v the_o westsaxons_a and_o the_o south_n cnute_n in_o mercia_n and_o all_o the_o north_n and_o so_o they_o part_v friend_n cnute_n move_v to_o london_n and_o edmund_n to_o oxford_n but_o edric_n be_v not_o please_v that_o edmund_n shall_v have_v any_o share_n at_o all_o of_o the_o government_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o conspire_v against_o his_o life_n and_o to_o deliver_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o cnute_n of_o who_o he_o may_v reasonable_o expect_v for_o this_o and_o other_o traitorous_a service_n a_o very_a ample_a and_o a_o answerable_a return_n this_o he_o commit_v to_o one_o of_o his_o own_o son_n to_o put_v in_o execution_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o old_a stock_n and_o one_o early_o verse_v in_o wicked_a and_o traitorous_a design_n who_o perceive_v the_o king_n to_o go_v 〈◊〉_d stool_n thrust_v up_o a_o sharp_a knife_n up_o his_o fundament_n 〈◊〉_d which_o wound_v he_o present_o dye_v edric_n be_v quick_o certify_v of_o the_o fact_n post_v it_o up_o to_o london_n and_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o loud_a acclamation_n come_v to_o cnutâ—_n greet_v he_o as_o sole_a king_n of_o england_n and_o withal_o tell_v he_o in_o what_o manner_n and_o by_o who_o mean_n hâ—â—_n old_a enemy_n king_n edmund_n be_v assassinate_v and_o kill_v at_o oxford_n cnute_n though_o please_v at_o the_o death_n of_o edmund_n be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a honour_n than_o to_o commend_v so_o horrible_a a_o deed_n though_o do_v to_o a_o enemy_n and_o therefore_o tell_v edric_n that_o he_o will_v without_o faâ—â—_n take_v care_n to_o reward_v he_o as_o his_o desert_n require_v anâ—_n will_v advance_v he_o above_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n which_o be_v quick_o perform_v his_o head_n be_v placeâ—_n upon_o the_o high_a tower_n in_o london_n for_o a_o terror_n 〈◊〉_d such_o villainous_a traitor_n to_o their_o king_n edric_n be_v thus_o deserve_o disappoint_v of_o the_o mighty_a thought_n he_o entertain_v of_o greatness_n upon_o the_o advancement_n of_o king_n cnute_n this_o generous_a dane_n scorn_v his_o basâ—ness_n and_o so_o have_v pay_v he_o a_o traitor_n reward_n cause_v execution_n to_o be_v do_v upon_o all_o edric_n complice_n and_o those_o that_o consent_v to_o the_o base_a murder_n oâ—_n that_o brave_a prince_n king_n edmund_n about_o the_o same_o time_n there_o happen_v no_o small_a disturbance_n a.d._n 1015_o and_o commotion_n in_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n have_v for_o some_o year_n sit_v still_o and_o quiet_a begin_v now_o to_o bestir_v himself_o and_o have_v draw_v all_o his_o force_n together_o march_v against_o aedan_n who_o forcible_o and_o without_o any_o legal_a pretence_n have_v enter_v upon_o and_o for_o all_o this_o time_n have_v keep_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n aedan_n will_v not_o easy_o â—eject_v himself_o from_o what_o have_v be_v so_o long_o in_o his_o possession_n to_o maintain_v which_o he_o give_v lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o the_o day_n go_v against_o he_o himself_z with_o his_o four_o son_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n upon_o which_o lheweâ—yn_n without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n take_v upon_o himself_o the_o title_n and_o authority_n of_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n his_o pretence_n to_o north-wales_n be_v as_o be_v descend_v from_o traw_v daughter_n to_o elis_n second_o son_n to_o anarawd_n who_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o to_o south_n wales_n as_o have_v marry_v angharad_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o meredith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o pretension_n he_o assume_v to_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n lhewelyn_n have_v as_o be_v say_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o general_a government_n of_o wales_n manage_v his_o charge_n with_o such_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n that_o the_o country_n in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v very_o flourish_v and_o prosperous_a peace_n and_o tranquillity_n be_v establish_v produce_v plenty_n and_o increase_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o humane_a subsistence_n for_o there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v â—ay_n any_o claim_n or_o pretence_n to_o either_o of_o the_o principality_n except_v jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n who_o be_v indeed_o lawful_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n but_o either_o too_o weak_a to_o withstand_v or_o unwilling_a to_o disturb_v lhewelyn_n title_n he_o lay_v quiet_a for_o a_o time_n expect_v a_o better_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n cnute_n be_v crown_v king_n of_o all_o england_n marrieâ—_n emma_n the_o widow_n of_o king_n edelred_n and_o for_o the_o better_a secure_v the_o english_a crown_n to_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n he_o think_v it_o expedient_a to_o dispatch_v edmund_n and_o edward_n the_o son_n of_o ironside_n out_o of_o the_o way_n but_o lefâ—_n such_o a_o execrable_a fact_n shall_v seem_v too_o black_a to_o be_v do_v in_o england_n he_o send_v the_o two_o youth_n to_o solomâ—n_a king_n of_o hungary_n will_v he_o to_o use_v some_o convenient_a opportunity_n to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n which_o seem_v to_o solomon_n so_o very_o unnatural_a that_o instead_o of_o comply_v with_o cnute_n request_n he_o educate_v and_o bring_v they_o up_o as_o his_o own_o child_n but_o cnute_n imagine_v now_o that_o his_o fear_n be_v over_o and_o his_o busâ—ness_n effectual_o finish_v so_o that_o he_o can_v the_o more_o bold_o demand_v of_o his_o subject_n what_o either_o his_o necessity_n or_o curiosity_n will_v prompt_v he_o to_o and_o reflect_v with_o himself_o what_o excessive_a expense_n he_o have_v be_v at_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v that_o the_o english_a shall_v repay_v he_o and_o therefore_o require_v a_o subsidy_n of_o seventy_o two_o thousand_o pound_n beside_o eleven_o thousand_o which_o the_o city_n of_o london_n contribute_v the_o same_o time_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o 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south-wales_n assume_v the_o
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and_o rytherch_n 〈◊〉_d caradoc_n the_o joint_a ruler_n of_o south-wales_n and_o the_o march_v confident_o to_o find_v they_o both_o army_n meâ—_n together_o and_o fight_v at_o a_o place_n call_v camdhwr_n wheâ—_n after_o a_o sore_a engagement_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n at_o length_n obtain_v a_o glorious_a victory_n in_o north_n wales_n the_o same_o time_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n have_v establish_v his_o possession_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n intend_v to_o proceed_v far_o in_o the_o continent_n of_o wales_n to_o which_o end_n have_v transport_v his_o force_n over_o the_o river_n encamp_v in_o the_o neighbour_a country_n of_o carnarvonshire_n propose_v to_o reduce_v north-wales_n by_o degree_n trahaâ—â—_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o descent_n of_o grâ—fydh's_n make_v all_o possible_a speed_n to_o prevent_v his_o far_a progress_n and_o have_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n that_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o opportunity_n will_v permit_v he_o draw_v up_o his_o force_n to_o bronyr_n erw_n where_o he_o give_v gruffydh_n battle_n and_o in_o fine_a put_v he_o to_o a_o shameful_a flight_n so_o that_o he_o be_v glad_a to_o retire_v back_o safe_a tâ—_n anglesey_n a.d._n 1074_o the_o next_o year_n rytherch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n die_v be_v murder_v through_o the_o unnatural_a villainy_n of_o his_o cousin-german_a meyrchaon_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi rytherch_n after_o who_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n obtain_v the_o soâ—â—_n government_n of_o south-wales_n but_o his_o enjoyment_n oâ—_n the_o whole_a principality_n be_v not_o very_a last_a and_o scarcâ—_n a.d._n 1075_o at_o all_o void_a of_o trouble_n and_o vexation_n of_o war._n foâ—_n short_o after_o the_o death_n of_o caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n think_v they_o may_v easy_o now_o foil_n and_o vanquish_v one_o see_v they_o have_v sometime_o ago_o victorious_o overcome_v both_o prince_n together_o with_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v set_v upon_o rhys_n again_o at_o a_o place_n call_v gwanyffyd_v who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v their_o number_n be_v rouâ—ed_v and_o force_v to_o flee_v however_o the_o blow_n be_v not_o so_o mortal_a but_o that_o rhys_n gather_v together_o new_a levy_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o he_o be_v embolden_v still_o to_o maintain_v himself_o in_o his_o principality_n but_o fortune_n which_o have_v advance_v he_o to_o the_o crown_n seem_v now_o to_o frown_v at_o and_o cross_v all_o his_o endeavour_n and_o undertake_n and_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o very_a weak_a condition_n in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d battle_n he_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o a_o fresh_a enemy_n before_o 〈◊〉_d can_v have_v sufficient_a time_n to_o recover_v and_o recruit_v â—â—self_n for_o trahaern_v ap_fw-mi caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_a perceive_v the_o weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o rhys_n make_v opposition_n against_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n that_o â—â—â—aded_v his_o territory_n think_v it_o now_o very_o feasible_a 〈◊〉_d obtain_v the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n and_o then_o 〈◊〉_d annex_v it_o to_o his_o own_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n â—â—ing_n egg_v on_o by_o these_o pleasant_a imagination_n he_o disâ—â—â—ched_v his_o army_n to_o south-wales_n to_o fight_v with_o rhys_n 〈◊〉_d so_o with_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v possible_o levy_v as_o lay_v his_o whole_a fortune_n upon_o the_o event_n of_o this_o battle_n â—â—dly_o meet_v he_o at_o pwlhgwttic_a where_o after_o a_o tedious_a â—â—ght_n on_o both_o side_n rhys_n have_v lose_v the_o best_a part_n of_o his_o â—â—my_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n and_o so_o warm_o pursue_v that_o â—â—er_o long_o shift_v from_o place_n to_o place_n himself_o with_o his_o â—â—other_n howel_n fall_v at_o length_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o caradoc_n 〈◊〉_d gruffydh_n who_o put_v they_o both_o to_o death_n in_o revenge_n 〈◊〉_d the_o base_a murder_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n by_o they_o â—â—merly_o transact_v the_o principality_n of_o south-walesâ—â—ing_a â—â—ing_z thus_o vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n rhysâ—â—n_o â—â—n_z to_o theodor_n ap_fw-mi eineon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n â—â—lawful_a heir_n to_o that_o government_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n â—hich_v be_v very_o plain_a and_o evident_a so_o prevail_v with_o â—â—e_z people_n of_o the_o country_n that_o they_o unanimous_o â—â—ected_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n much_o against_o the_o expedition_n of_o trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n â—he_n next_o year_n s._n david_n suffer_v great_o by_o stranger_n a.d._n 1077_o â—ho_n land_v there_o in_o a_o considerable_a number_n spoil_v use_v destroy_v the_o whole_a town_n short_o after_o which_o â—â—rbarous_a action_n abraham_n bishop_n of_o that_o sea_n â—â—ed_v and_o than_o sulien_n who_o the_o year_n before_o have_v relinquish_v and_o resign_v up_o that_o bishopric_n be_v compel_v to_o resume_v it_o the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n both_o north_n and_o a.d._n 1079_o â—â—uth_n have_v be_v now_o for_o a_o long_a time_n supply_v by_o usurper_n and_o forcible_o detain_v from_o the_o right_n and_o legal_a inheritor_n but_o providence_n will_v suffer_v injustice_n to_o â—eign_v no_o long_o and_o therefore_o restore_v the_o rightful_a heir_n to_o their_o principality_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n have_v actual_a possession_n of_o south-wales_n and_o there_o wanteâ—_n no_o more_o at_o this_o time_n but_o to_o bring_v in_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi câ—nan_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n both_o the_o prince_n be_v indisputable_o right_a and_o lawful_a heir_n 〈◊〉_d their_o respective_a government_n as_o lineal_o descendeâ—_n from_o roderic_n the_o great_a who_o be_v legal_a proprietor_n 〈◊〉_d all_o wales_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n have_v already_o reduce_v thâ—_n isle_n of_o anglesey_n but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o levy_v a_o sufficieâ—_n army_n from_o thence_o to_o oppose_v trahaern_a he_o invite_v oâ—_n a_o great_a party_n of_o irish_a and_o scot_n and_o then_o with_o 〈◊〉_d whole_a army_n join_v with_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d south-wales_n trahaern_v in_o like_a manner_n associate_a himself_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_n and_o mailyr_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d rywalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwyn_n his_o cosin-germans_a the_o great_a aâ—â—_n most_o powerful_a man_n then_o in_o wales_n draw_v up_o his_o fâ—â—ces_n together_o with_o resolution_n to_o fight_v they_o boâ—â—_n army_n meet_v upon_o the_o mountain_n of_o carno_n a_o terrible_a and_o a_o cruel_a battle_n ensue_v present_o thereupon_o which_o prove_v the_o more_o fierce_a and_o bloody_a by_o reasâ—â—_n that_o both_o party_n resolute_o refer_v their_o whole_a fortune_n to_o the_o success_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o life_n woâ—â—â—_n prove_v vain_a if_o the_o day_n be_v lose_v but_o after_o a_o disâ—â—â—_n fight_v on_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n fall_v at_o last_o to_o gruffyâ—â—_n and_o rhys_n trahaern_v with_o his_o cousin_n be_v all_o slay_a 〈◊〉_d the_o field_n after_o who_o death_n gruffydh_n take_v possessâ—â—â—_n of_o north_n wales_n and_o so_o the_o rule_n of_o all_o wales_n afâ—â—â—_n a_o tedious_a interval_n be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o rigâ—â—_n line_n about_o the_o same_o time_n vrgency_n ap_fw-mi sitsyâ—â—â—â—_n person_n of_o noble_a quality_n in_o wales_n be_v treacherous_a murder_v by_o the_o son_n of_o rhys_n sais_n or_o the_o englisâ—man_n by_o which_o name_n the_o welsh_a be_v accustom_v to_o denominate_v all_o person_n as_o either_o have_v live_v any_o considerable_a time_n in_o england_n or_o can_v fluent_o and_o handsome_o speak_v the_o english_a tongue_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n in_o â—â—â—t_n of_o south-wales_n there_o be_v no_o body_n that_o can_v â—â—â—ate_v they_o any_o molestation_n or_o disturbance_n upon_o the_o â—â—count_n of_o right_n which_o be_v unquestionable_o just_a that_o they_o quiet_o enjoy_v for_o some_o time_n their_o reâ—â—â—ctive_a dominion_n without_o apprehension_n of_o any_o other_o â—â—â—â—etender_n indeed_o it_o have_v seldom_o be_v know_v before_o â—â—â—t_o that_o one_o of_o the_o prince_n be_v a_o usurper_n and_o particular_o in_o north-wales_n where_o from_o the_o time_n of_o edâ—â—â—_n foel_n none_o have_v legal_o ascend_v to_o the_o crown_n â—â—â—cepting_v edwal_n the_o son_n of_o meyric_n elder_a son_n to_o â—â—wal_a foel_n in_o who_o line_n the_o undoubted_a title_n of_o â—â—rth-wales_n lawful_o descend_v and_o the_o right_a line_n â—â—â—ng_v now_o restore_v in_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi conan_n the_o same_o leâ—â—lly_o continue_v to_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o last_o â—â—ince_n of_o the_o british_a blood_n but_o during_o these_o revolution_n in_o wales_n some_o thing_n memorable_a be_v transact_v in_o england_n malcolm_z king_n of_o the_o scot_n descend_v into_o northumberland_n ravage_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n without_o mercy_n carry_v away_o a_o great_a numâ—â—r_n of_o prisoner_n after_o which_o the_o northumbrian_n fall_v â—â—on_n walter_n bishop_n of_o durham_n who_o they_o slay_v together_o with_o a_o hundred_o man_n whilst_o he_o sit_v keep_v
of_o â—â—ourt_n not_o dream_v of_o any_o such_o treacherous_a villainy_n â—â—he_o same_o time_n robert_n curthoys_a the_o bastard_n elder_a son_n â—â—eing_v for_o some_o reason_n disgu_v against_o his_o father_n and_o â—â—t_v on_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n enâ—â—red_v normandy_n with_o a_o army_n and_o claim_v it_o as_o his_o â—â—ight_n which_o king_n william_n be_v acquaint_v with_o â—â—ssed_v over_o to_o normandy_n and_o meet_v with_o his_o son_n â—and_n to_o hand_n in_o battle_n be_v by_o he_o overthrow_v â—ut_fw-la be_v return_v from_o normandy_n he_o enter_v with_o 〈◊〉_d great_a army_n into_o wales_n and_o march_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o pilgrimage_n as_o far_o as_o s._n david_n he_o offer_v aâ—â—_n pay_v his_o devotion_n to_o that_o saint_n and_o afterward_o â—â—ceived_v homage_n of_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o coâ—â—try_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o tomb_n of_o walwey_n kiâ—â—_n arthur_n sister_n son_n a_o most_o valiant_a person_n in_o his_o tiâ—â—_n and_o governor_n of_o that_o country_n from_o he_o calâ—â—â—_n walwethey_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o country_n of_o 〈◊〉_d nigh_o the_o seashore_n who_o body_n prove_v monstrous_o prodigious_a be_v in_o length_n about_o fourteen_o foot_n a.d._n 1086_o this_o year_n madawc_n cadwgan_n and_o riryd_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n sometime_o prince_n of_o wales_n raiseâ—_n 〈◊〉_d rebellion_n against_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi tewdor_n and_o have_v draâ—â—_n together_o a_o great_a number_n of_o licentious_a and_o malcontented_a people_n think_v to_o eject_v he_o out_o of_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n rhys_n have_v not_o power_n and_o fâ—â—ces_n enough_o to_o oppose_v they_o the_o rebel_n army_n increase_v daily_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o discontent_a multitude_n who_o always_o rejoice_v at_o any_o new_a commotion_n 〈◊〉_d disturbance_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o 〈◊〉_d to_o ireland_n where_o he_o obtain_v a_o very_a considerable_a pâ—â—â—_n of_o irish_a and_o scot_n upon_o promise_n of_o a_o sufficient_a reward_n in_o case_n he_o be_v restore_v again_o to_o his_o principality_n have_v by_o this_o measure_n get_v a_o very_a sensible_a increase_n his_o former_a strength_n he_o land_v in_o south-wales_n tâ—â—_n news_n of_o who_o arrive_v be_v blaze_v abroad_o 〈◊〉_d friend_n from_o all_o quarter_n present_o retire_v to_o he_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n his_o army_n become_v numerous_a aâ—â—_n able_a to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n the_o rebel_n be_v seâ—sible_a how_o the_o prince_n force_n daily_o multiply_v aâ—â—_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v any_o far_a addition_n they_o maâ—_n all_o possible_a haste_n to_o force_v he_o to_o a_o battle_n which_o iâ—_n a_o short_a time_n after_o happen_v at_o lhech_n y_o creu_n where_o thâ—_n rebel_n be_v vanquish_v madawc_n and_o riryd_n be_v slaiâ—_n and_o cadwgan_n glad_a to_o save_v his_o life_n by_o flight_n rhys_n have_v win_v so_o signal_n a_o victory_n and_o fear_v no_o far_a disturbance_n dismiss_v the_o irish_a and_o scots_a with_o greaâ—_n reward_n who_o honourable_o return_v to_o their_o owâ—_n a.d._n 1087_o country_n within_o a_o while_n after_o a_o unaccountablâ—_n sacrilege_n be_v commit_v at_o s._n david_n the_o shriâ—â—_n belong_v to_o the_o cathedral_n be_v felonious_o convey_v out_o of_o the_o church_n all_o the_o plate_n and_o other_o utensil_n be_v steal_v and_o only_o the_o shrine_n leave_v empty_a behind_o â—he_v same_o year_n a_o civil-war_n break_v out_o in_o england_n use_v several_a army_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n â—ere_z up_o in_o arm_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o among_o the_o â—â—st_n the_o welsh_a who_o enter_v into_o gloucester_n and_o worâ—â—ster_n shire_n burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o to_z â—â—e_z gate_n of_o worcester_n the_o king_n have_v draw_v his_o arm_n together_o proceed_v against_o his_o enemy_n by_o deâ—â—ees_n and_o fall_v upon_o their_o separate_a party_n without_o â—â—y_a great_a difficulty_n reduce_v all_o to_o obedience_n withâ—â—_n a.d._n 1089_o two_o year_n after_o archbishop_z sulien_n the_o most_o pious_a use_v learned_a person_n in_o wales_n dye_v in_o the_o eighti_v â—ear_v of_o his_o age_n and_o in_o the_o sixteenth_o year_n of_o his_o biâ—oprick_n present_o after_o who_o death_n the_o town_n of_o 〈◊〉_d david_n suffer_v a_o more_o sensible_a calamity_n be_v first_o sunder_v and_o afterward_o burn_v by_o a_o company_n of_o pyâ—â—ts_n who_o sore_o infest_a the_o british_a coast_n about_o â—â—e_v same_o time_n also_o die_v cadifor_n the_o son_n of_o calhoynâ—ord_n â—ord_z of_o dyfed_a whole_a son_n lhewelyn_n and_o eineon_n moâ—â—d_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n to_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o his_o sovereign_a prince_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi tâ—wdor_n with_o who_o they_o â—yned_v all_o the_o force_n they_o cou_o levy_v among_o their_o tenant_n and_o dependent_n then_o pass_v with_o their_o arâ—y_n to_o lhandydoch_n bold_o challenge_v rhys_n to_o fight_v â—ho_n thereupon_o give_v they_o battle_n and_o after_o a_o resolute_a â—ngagement_n of_o both_o side_n the_o rebel_n be_v at_o length_n worsted_n and_o put_v flight_n and_o then_o so_o narrow_o pursue_v â—hat_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o in_o â—ne_n execute_v as_o a_o traitor_n but_o eineon_n make_v his_o â—scape_n and_o not_o dare_v to_o trust_v himself_o with_o any_o of_o â—is_n own_o kindred_n he_o flee_v to_o jestyn_n ap_fw-mi gurgant_n lord_n â—f_n morganwc_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a rebellion_n â—gainst_a prince_n rhys_n and_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o the_o â—hore_n in_o iestyn_n favour_n he_o promise_v upon_o condition_n â—f_o the_o performance_n of_o certain_a article_n one_o of_o which_o more_o especial_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v receive_v his_o daughter_n in_o matrimony_n that_o he_o will_v bring_v over_o â—o_o his_o aid_n a_o considerable_a body_n of_o norman_n with_o who_o he_o be_v singular_o acquaint_v as_o have_v serve_v a_o long_a time_n in_o england_n these_o article_n be_v agree_v to_o and_o record_v eineon_n post_v to_o england_n and_o in_o a_o little_a time_n bring_v matter_n so_o about_o that_o he_o prevail_v with_o robert_n fitzhamon_n and_o twelve_o more_o knight_n to_o leuâ—_n a.d._n 1090_o a_o strong_a army_n of_o norman_n and_o to_o come_v to_o wales_n tâ—_n the_o protection_n and_o aid_n of_o jestyn_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n they_o land_v in_o glamorganshire_n and_o be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o jestyn_n who_o join_v his_o power_n to_o they_o march_v to_o prince_n rhys_n his_o domininion_n where_o without_o the_o least_o show_n of_o mercy_n to_o his_o own_o countryman_n he_o encourage_v the_o norman_n by_o his_o own_o example_n to_o spoil_v and_o destroy_v all_o that_o come_v before_o they_o prince_n rhys_n be_v mighty_o grieve_v to_o finâ—_n his_o country_n so_o unmerciful_o harass_v and_o though_o aâ—_n this_o time_n very_o ancient_a be_v above_o 98_o year_n of_o age_n he_o can_v not_o refrain_v but_o meet_v his_o enemy_n and_o have_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n raise_v a_o convenient_a army_n hâ—_n meet_v with_o they_o near_o brecnock_v where_o after_o a_o terrible_a fight_n and_o a_o great_a slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n he_o be_v unhappy_o slay_v with_o he_o fall_v the_o glory_n and_o grandeâ—â—_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n be_v afterward_o rend_v in_o piece_n and_o divide_v into_o several_a part_n and_o piece-meal_n among_o these_o norman_a captain_n as_o shall_v be_v by_o and_o by_o more_o particular_o relate_v prince_n rhys_n less_o issue_n behind_o he_o by_o the_o daughter_n of_o rywalhon_n ap_fw-mi coffin_n two_o son_n gruffydh_n and_o grono_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o be_v detain_v prisoner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n thâ—â—_n the_o author_n of_o the_o win_n of_o the_o lordship_n of_o glamagan_n affirm_v that_o he_o be_v slay_v together_o with_o his_o father_n in_o this_o battle_n against_o the_o norman_n the_o norman_n have_v receive_v a_o sufficient_a reward_n from_o jestyn_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o service_n against_o prince_n rhys_n return_v to_o their_o ship_n in_o order_n to_o their_o voyage_n homeward_o but_o before_o they_o can_v loose_v anchor_n to_o sail_v off_o eineon_n recall_v they_o be_v ungrateful_o affront_v by_o jestyn_n who_o absolute_o refuse_v to_o make_v good_a to_o he_o the_o condition_n which_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o before_o the_o norman_n be_v invite_v to_o wales_n upon_o this_o account_n eineon_n be_v so_o irreconcilable_o incense_v against_o jestyn_n that_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o he_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o sacrifice_v his_o native_a country_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o stranger_n and_o therefore_o endeavour_v to_o persuade_v the_o norman_n concern_v the_o fatness_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n and_o how_o easy_o they_o may_v conquer_v and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o but_o he_o need_v not_o many_o argument_n to_o persuade_v a_o people_n that_o be_v willing_a of_o themselves_o
especial_o be_v encourage_v thereto_o by_o a_o person_n of_o some_o esteem_n in_o the_o country_n whereupon_o without_o any_o more_o question_n they_o present_o fall_v to_o their_o business_n and_o from_o friend_n become_v unexpected_o foe_n jestyn_n be_v much_o surprise_v to_o find_v the_o norman_n who_o he_o have_v but_o late_o honourable_o dismiss_v from_o his_o service_n and_o as_o he_o think_v with_o satisfaction_n so_o soon_o become_v his_o enemy_n but_o perceive_v a_o serpent_n in_o the_o hedge_n and_o eineon_n so_o amicable_o great_a among_o they_o he_o quick_o guess_v at_o the_o â—eason_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o other_o remedy_n leave_v but_o â—o_o bewail_v the_o unnecessary_a folly_n of_o his_o own_o knavery_n the_o norman_n easy_o dispossess_v jestyn_n of_o the_o whole_a lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n the_o most_o pleasant_a and_o fertile_a â—art_n of_o which_o they_o divide_v among_o themselves_o leaâ—ing_v the_o more_o mountainous_a and_o craggy_a ground_n to_o the_o â—hare_n of_o eineon_n the_o knight_n who_o accompany_v fitzhamon_n in_o this_o expedition_n be_v william_n de_fw-fr lonâ—res_n or_o london_n richard_z de_fw-fr grena_n villa_n oâ—_n greenfield_n paganus_fw-la de_fw-fr turberville_n robert_n de_fw-it s_o quintino_n or_o quinâ—n_n richard_n the_o sywarde_a gilbert_n the_o humfrevile_n roâ—er_n de_fw-fr berkrolles_n reginald_n the_o sully_n peter_n le_v soore_a john_n le_fw-fr fleming_n oliver_n de_fw-it s_o john_n william_n de_fw-fr esterâ—ing_n or_o strade_n these_o person_n have_v distribute_v â—hat_n fair_a and_o pleasant_a lordship_n among_o themselves_o and_o consider_v that_o they_o be_v much_o better_o provide_v for_o â—ere_z than_o they_o can_v be_v at_o home_n settle_v in_o glamorgan_n where_o their_o posterity_n have_v continue_v to_o this_o time_n and_o â—ere_z we_o may_v observe_v what_o a_o train_n of_o circumstance_n concur_v together_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o norman_n have_v possession_n of_o this_o lordship_n for_o have_v not_o eineon_n be_v vanquish_v by_o prince_n rhys_n flee_v to_o jestyn_n rather_o â—han_o to_o another_o or_o have_v not_o jestyn_n be_v so_o vain_a as_o to_o attempt_v the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n and_o to_o that_o end_n consent_v to_o the_o advice_n of_o eineon_n there_o have_v be_v â—o_o necessity_n of_o invite_v the_o norman_n at_o all_o to_o wales_n and_o then_o the_o norman_n be_v arrive_v have_v not_o jestynâ—â—ngenteely_a â—â—ngenteely_z violate_v his_o promise_n and_o refuse_v to_o perform_v the_o article_n agree_v upon_o between_o he_o and_o eineon_n or_o have_v not_o eineon_n pursue_v so_o desperate_a a_o revenge_n but_o satisfy_v his_o passion_n upon_o jestyn_n without_o prejudice_n to_o his_o country_n the_o norman_n will_v have_v return_v home_o with_o satisfaction_n and_o consequent_o can_v never_o have_v be_v proprietor_n of_o that_o noble_a country_n they_o then_o forcible_o possess_v and_o now_o again_o the_o welsh_a experience_v the_o dangerous_a consequence_n of_o call_v in_o a_o foreign_a nation_n to_o their_o aid_n the_o saxon_n have_v already_o dispossess_v they_o of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o britain_n and_o now_o the_o normanâ—_n seize_v upon_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o small_a country_n which_o have_v escape_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o conquest_n of_o the_o english_a but_o here_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o lay_v down_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o this_o lordship_n of_o morgannwe_a oâ—_n glamorgan_n and_o what_o share_n each_o particular_a knight_n obtain_v in_o the_o distribution_n of_o it_o the_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n reach_v in_o length_n 2d_o miles_n even_o from_o rymny-bridge_n to_o the_o east_n to_o pâ—â—â—_n conan_n westward_o and_o in_o breadth_n from_o aberthâ—â—_n otherwise_o aberdaon_n on_o the_o south-part_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o brecnockshire_n above_o morleys_n castle_n 22_o mile_n this_o be_v a_o royal_a lordship_n the_o lord_n thereof_o owe_v no_o other_o subjection_n than_o obedience_n only_o to_o the_o crown_n assume_v to_o themselves_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o 〈◊〉_d regal_a court_n except_v only_o the_o pardon_v of_o criminal_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o not_o only_a glamorgan_n but_o the_o several_a petty_a lordship_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v namely_o sengennyth_n myscyn_n ruthin_n lhanblethâ—â—_n tir_v jarlh_n glyn_n rothney_n avan_n neth_n coyty_n talava_n and_o lantuit_n or_o boviarton_n exercise_v the_o same_o privilege_n of_o jura_n regalia_z with_o this_o difference_n only_o that_o in_o case_n of_o wrong_a judgement_n in_o these_o court_n appeâ—â—_n may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county-court_n of_o glamorgan_n which_o be_v superior_a to_o the_o rest_n have_v power_n to_o reverse_v any_o judgement_n give_v in_o they_o within_o thâ—_n lordship_n be_v 18_o castle_n and_o 36_o knight_n fee_n beside_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o kynfig_n the_o town_n of_o cowbridge_n or_o pont_n vaen_n and_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o caerdà f_n in_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o the_o lord_n of_o glamorgan_n chief_o reside_v wherein_o the_o county-couâ—â—_a be_v monthly_o keep_v the_o annual_a revenue_n of_o this_o lordship_n amount_v to_o a_o thousand_o mark_n whereof_o four_o hundred_o be_v allow_v for_o the_o fee_n and_o salary_n of_o the_o several_a officer_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o this_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n robert_n fitzhamon_n keep_v to_o himself_o and_o the_o other_o he_o distribute_v between_o his_o several_a follower_n namely_o to_o william_n de_fw-fr londres_n he_o give_v the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o ogmore_n to_o richard_n greenfield_n the_o lordship_n of_o neth_n to_o pain_n turberville_n that_o of_o coyty_n to_o robert_n s_o quintine_n lhan_n blechyan_a to_o richard_n syward_a talavan_n to_o gilbert_n humfrevile_n the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o penmarc_n to_o reginald_n sully_v the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o sully_n to_o roger_n berkrolles_n that_o of_o east_n orchard_n to_o peter_n le_fw-fr scor_fw-fr that_o of_o peâ—erton_n to_o john_n fleming_n that_o of_o s._n george_n to_o john_n s._n john_n that_o of_o fonmon_n or_o fenvon_n and_o last_o to_o william_n le_fw-fr esterling_n or_o stradling_n that_o of_o s._n donat_n but_o that_o these_o knight_n shall_v have_v dependence_n upon_o and_o may_v seem_v to_o hold_v their_o several_a lordship_n and_o estate_n from_o he_o robert_n fitzhamon_n appoint_v they_o their_o several_a apartment_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o caerdà f_n where_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v their_o attendance_n at_o every_o court-day_n which_o be_v monthly_o keep_v upon_o monday_n but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o robert_n fitzhamon_n take_v the_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n barnard_n newmarch_n a_o nobleman_n likewise_o of_o normandy_n obtain_v by_o conquest_n the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr newburgh_n son_n to_o roger_n de_fw-fr bellemont_n by_o the_o conqueror_n make_v earl_n of_o warwick_n the_o country_n of_o gower_n but_o barnard_n newmarch_n give_v the_o people_n of_o wales_n some_o small_a satisfaction_n and_o content_a by_o marry_v nest_n the_o daughter_n also_o of_o nest_n daughter_n to_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n of_o wales_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n a_o son_n call_v mahael_n this_o worthy_a gentleman_n be_v legal_o to_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n be_v afterward_o disinherit_v by_o the_o malice_n and_o baseness_n of_o his_o own_o unnatural_a mother_n the_o occasion_n be_v thus_o nest_n happen_v to_o fall_v in_o admiration_n of_o a_o certain_a knight_n with_o who_o she_o have_v more_o than_o ordinary_a familiarity_n even_o beyond_o what_o she_o express_v to_o her_o own_o husband_n mahael_n perceive_v her_o dissolute_a and_o loose_a behaviour_n counsel_v she_o to_o take_v care_n of_o her_o fame_n and_o reputation_n and_o to_o leave_v off_o that_o scandalous_a liberty_n which_o she_o take_v and_o afterward_o meet_v casual_o her_o gallant_a come_n from_o she_o fight_v and_o grievous_o wound_v he_o upon_o this_o nest_n to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o her_o son_n go_v to_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n and_o in_o his_o presence_n take_v she_o corporal_a oath_n that_o her_o son_n mahael_n be_v illegitimate_a and_o not_o beget_v by_o barnard_n newmarch_n her_o husband_n but_o another_o person_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o oath_n or_o rather_o perjury_n mahael_n be_v disinherit_v and_o his_o sister_n who_o her_o mother_n attest_v to_o be_v legitimate_a be_v bestow_v by_o the_o king_n upon_o milo_n the_o son_n of_o walter_n constable_n afterward_o earl_n of_o hereford_n who_o in_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n enjoy_v the_o whole_a estate_n of_o barnard_n newmarch_n lord_n of_o brecnock_n of_o this_o milo_n it_o be_v report_v that_o tell_v king_n henry_n of_o a_o strange_a accident_n which_o have_v occur_v to_o he_o by_o lhyn_n savathan_n in_o wales_n where_o the_o bird_n upon_o the_o pond_n at_o the_o pass_n by_o of_o gruffydh_n the_o son_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n seem_v by_o their_o chirp_n to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n overjoy_v the_o king_n
reply_v it_o be_v not_o so_o wonderful_a for_o although_o say_v he_o we_o have_v violent_o and_o injurious_o oppress_v that_o nation_n yet_o it_o be_v manifest_o know_v that_o they_o be_v the_o lawful_a and_o original_a inheritor_n of_o that_o country_n but_o whilst_o the_o norman_n be_v thus_o carve_v for_o themselves_o in_o glamorgan_n and_o brecnock_n cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o april_n enter_v into_o dyve_v and_o have_v ravage_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n return_v back_o but_o within_o eight_o week_n after_o there_o succeed_v he_o a_o more_o fatal_a enemy_n for_o the_o norman_n land_v in_o dyve_v and_o cardigan_n begin_v to_o fortify_v themselves_o in_o castle_n and_o other_o strong_a place_n and_o to_o inhabit_v the_o country_n upon_o the_o seashore_n which_o before_o be_v not_o in_o their_o possession_n indeed_o the_o norman_n have_v by_o the_o connivance_n of_o the_o conqueror_n already_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n all_o the_o best_a estate_n in_o england_n begin_v now_o to_o spy_v out_o the_o commodity_n of_o wales_n and_o perceive_v moreover_o how_o brave_o robert_n fitzhamon_n and_o barnard_n newmarch_n have_v speed_v there_o think_v they_o may_v as_o well_o expect_v the_o like_a fortune_n wherefore_o have_v obtain_v a_o grant_n from_o king_n william_n who_o ready_o consent_v to_o their_o request_n because_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o kill_v two_o bird_n with_o one_o stone_n procure_v to_o himself_o their_o utmost_a service_n upon_o occasion_n and_o withal_o provide_v for_o they_o without_o any_o charge_n to_o himself_o they_o come_v to_o wales_n and_o so_o enter_v upon_o the_o estate_n appoint_v they_o by_o the_o king_n which_o they_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight-service_n have_v first_o do_v homage_n and_o swear_a fealty_n for_o the_o same_o roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n do_v homage_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o powis_n and_o card_n begin_v hugh_n lupus_n earl_n of_o chester_n for_o tegengl_n and_o râ—fonioc_n together_o with_o all_o the_o land_n lie_v upon_o the_o sea_n shore_n to_o the_o river_n câ—nwey_n arnulph_n a_o young_a son_n of_o roger_n montgomery_n for_o dyve_v barnard_n newmarch_n for_o brecnock_n ralph_n mortimer_n for_o eluel_n hugh_z de_fw-fr lacie_n for_o the_o land_n of_o ewyas_n eustace_n omer_n for_o mold_n and_o hapredale_n and_o several_a other_o do_v the_o like_a homage_n for_o other_o land_n but_o roger_n montgomery_n who_o by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o shrewsbury_n enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o powys-land_n and_o have_v win_v the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o baldwyn_n fortify_v it_o in_o his_o own_o right_n and_o call_v it_o montgomery_n after_o his_o own_o name_n king_n william_n of_o england_n be_v now_o in_o normandy_n and_o busy_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o his_o brother_n robert_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o who_o absence_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n who_o now_o rule_v in_o south_n wales_n with_o joint_a force_n enter_v into_o cardigan_n and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o norman_n who_o pride_n and_o excessive_a cruelty_n towards_o the_o welsh_a be_v altogether_o intolerable_a but_o after_o sufficient_a execution_n there_o be_v return_v home_o the_o norman_n send_v for_o more_o aid_n from_o england_n which_o be_v arrive_v they_o think_v to_o make_v a_o private_a inroad_n into_o north-wales_n and_o so_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o welsh_a but_o their_o design_n be_v happy_o discover_v to_o cadogan_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o force_n to_o meet_v they_o and_o then_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o the_o forest_n of_o yspys_n after_o a_o very_a warm_a resistment_n of_o the_o norman_n side_n force_v they_o to_o retire_v by_o slight_a and_o then_o triumphant_o march_v through_o cardigan_n and_o dyve_v he_o destroy_v all_o the_o castle_n and_o fortification_n in_o the_o country_n beside_o pembrock_n and_o rydcor_n which_o prove_v too_o strong_a and_o impregnable_a a.d._n 1093_o the_o next_o year_n the_o norman_n who_o inhabit_v the_o country_n of_o glamorgan_n fall_v upon_o and_o destroy_v the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n kidwely_n and_o ysâ—â—âd_o tywy_a which_o they_o harrass_v in_o such_o a_o cruel_a manner_n that_o they_o leave_v they_o bare_a of_o any_o people_n to_o inhabit_v and_o to_o increase_v as_o it_o be_v think_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o welsh_a king_n william_n rufus_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o great_a slaughter_n which_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n have_v late_o commit_v upon_o the_o english_a as_o well_o within_o cheshire_n shropshire_n worcestershire_n and_o herefordshire_n as_o within_o wales_n enter_v the_o country_n at_o montgomery_n which_o place_n the_o welsh_a have_v sometime_o since_o demolish_v king_n william_n late_o rebuilt_a but_o the_o welsh_a keep_v all_o the_o passage_n through_o the_o wood_n and_o river_n and_o all_o other_o strait_n so_o close_o that_o the_o king_n can_v effect_v nothing_o considerable_a against_o they_o and_o therefore_o when_o he_o perceive_v that_o his_o labour_n be_v but_o lose_v in_o continue_v in_o those_o part_n he_o forthwith_o decamp_v and_o return_v with_o no_o great_a honour_n back_o to_o england_n but_o this_o retreat_n of_o king_n william_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o favourable_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o a.d._n 1094_o welsh_a as_o the_o death_n of_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n and_o do_v the_o great_a mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o south-wales_n man_n of_o any_o other_o he_o be_v dead_a the_o garrison_n of_o rydcor_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v the_o welsh_a in_o continual_a a_o we_o forsake_v that_o place_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n give_v opportunity_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gwyr_n brecnock_n gwent_n and_o gwentlhwe_v to_o shake_v off_o that_o intolerable_a yoke_n the_o norman_n force_v upon_o they_o who_o after_o they_o have_v robe_v they_o of_o their_o land_n keep_v they_o in_o perpetual_a subjection_n but_o now_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n be_v dead_a and_o the_o garrison_n of_o rydcor_n scatter_v they_o venture_v to_o lay_v violent_a hand_n upon_o the_o norman_n who_o think_v themselves_o free_a from_o all_o fear_n and_o prevail_v so_o successful_o that_o they_o drive_v they_o all_o out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o recover_v their_o own_o ancient_a estate_n but_o the_o norman_n like_v that_o country_n so_o well_o that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o be_v so_o easy_o befool_v out_o of_o what_o they_o have_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n and_o danger_n once_o possess_v and_o therefore_o have_v draw_v a_o great_a number_n of_o english_a and_o norman_n to_o their_o aid_n they_o be_v desirous_a to_o venture_v another_o touch_n with_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o return_v if_o possible_a to_o their_o once_o acquire_v habitation_n but_o the_o welsh_a so_o abhor_v their_o pride_n and_o tyrannical_a dominion_n over_o they_o when_o they_o be_v master_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o â—e_v subject_a to_o such_o tyrant_n again_o and_o therefore_o they_o â—oldly_o meet_v they_o at_o a_o place_n call_v celly_n jarfawc_n and_o â—et_v upon_o they_o so_o manful_o the_o very_a apprehension_n of_o servitude_n whet_v their_o spirit_n that_o they_o put_v they_o â—o_o flight_n with_o great_a slaughter_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o â—he_n country_n the_o norman_n however_o be_v not_o so_o absolute_o rout_v with_o this_o overthrow_n but_o like_o a_o fly_n in_o the_o night_n which_o destroy_v itself_o in_o the_o candle_n they_o must_v needs_o covet_v their_o own_o destruction_n their_o greediness_n egg_v they_o on_o to_o venture_v with_o few_o what_o be_v not_o practicable_a to_o be_v effect_v by_o many_o therefore_o they_o come_v as_o far_o as_o brecnock_v with_o this_o absolute_a â—ow_o and_o resolution_n not_o to_o leave_v one_o live_a thing_n remain_v in_o that_o country_n but_o they_o fall_v short_a of_o their_o policy_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v remove_v to_o a_o narrow_a streight_n to_o expect_v their_o pass_v through_o whither_o the_o norman_n be_v advance_v they_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o about_o the_o same_o time_n roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o arundel_n william_n fitzeustace_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n arnold_n de_fw-fr harecourt_n and_o neal_n le_fw-fr viscount_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o welsh_a between_o caerdà f_n and_o brecnock_v and_o walter_n eureux_fw-fr earl_n of_o sarum_n rosmer_n and_o mantiâ—ake_v hugh_n earl_n of_o gourney_n be_v wound_v who_o afterward_o die_v in_o normandy_n the_o norman_n find_v that_o they_o continual_o lose_v ground_n think_v it_o not_o advisable_v to_o stay_v any_o long_o and_o therefore_o have_v place_v sufficient_a garrison_n in_o those_o castle_n which_o they_o have_v former_o build_v they_o return_v with_o what_o speed_n they_o
can_v to_o england_n but_o all_o the_o haste_n they_o do_v make_v can_v not_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o welsh_a for_o gruffydh_n and_o ifor_n the_o son_n of_o ednerth_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n expect_v they_o private_o at_o a_o place_n call_v aberlhech_v where_o fall_v unexpected_o upon_o they_o they_o slay_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o number_n the_o rest_n narrow_o escape_v safe_a to_o england_n but_o the_o norman_a garrison_n which_o be_v leave_v behind_o defend_v themselves_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o bravery_n till_o at_o last_o find_v no_o prospect_n of_o relief_n they_o be_v force_v for_o their_o own_o safety_n to_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o the_o welsh_a who_o from_o that_o time_n become_v again_o proprietor_n of_o those_o place_n which_o the_o norman_n have_v dispossess_v they_o from_o and_o this_o encourage_v the_o welsh_a to_o undertake_v other_o thing_n against_o the_o english_a for_o immediate_o after_o this_o certain_a of_o the_o nobility_n of_o north-wales_n vchth_v the_o son_n of_o edwin_n ap_fw-mi grono_n by_o name_n together_o with_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n and_o the_o soâ—â—_n of_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n of_o powys-land_n pass_v by_o cardigan_n into_o dyve_v which_o country_n king_n william_n have_v give_v to_o arnulph_n son_n to_o roger_n montgomery_n who_o have_v build_v thereon_o the_o castle_n of_o pembrock_n and_o appoint_v gerald_n de_fw-fr windsor_n governor_n of_o the_o same_o and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n except_v pembrock_n castle_n which_o be_v impregnable_a they_o return_v home_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o booty_n in_o recompense_n of_o this_o when_o the_o lord_n of_o north-wales_n be_v return_v gerald_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o spoil_v all_o the_o country_n about_o s._n david_n and_o after_o he_o have_v get_v sufficient_a plunder_n and_o take_v divers_a prisoner_n return_v back_o into_o the_o castle_n a.d._n 1095_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n william_n be_v return_v from_o normandy_n and_o have_v hear_v how_o that_o the_o welsh_a have_v cut_v off_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o wales_n gather_v all_o his_o power_n together_o and_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o ostentation_n enter_v the_o march_n resolve_v utter_o to_o eradicate_v the_o rebellious_a and_o implacable_a humour_n of_o the_o welsh_a nation_n but_o after_o all_o this_o boast_n and_o seem_a resolution_n he_o dare_v venture_v no_o far_o than_o the_o march_n where_o have_v build_v some_o few_o castle_n he_o return_v with_o no_o great_a honour_n a.d._n 1096_o then_o he_o come_v but_o the_o next_o spring_n hugh_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o salop_n by_o the_o welsh_a â—â—med_v hugh_n goch_n and_o hugh_n fras_n or_o the_o sit_v earl_n 〈◊〉_d chester_n be_v invite_v by_o some_o disaffect_v welchâ—â—rds_n â—â—rds_z come_v into_o north-wales_n with_o a_o very_a great_a â—â—my_n prince_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi â—â—â—thyn_n perceive_v themselves_o to_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o â—â—pose_v so_o numerous_a a_o army_n and_o what_o be_v worse_o â—â—â—ng_v very_o suspicious_a of_o the_o fidelity_n and_o honesty_n of_o â—â—â—ir_n own_o force_n think_v it_o their_o best_a way_n to_o take_v 〈◊〉_d hill_n and_o mountain_n for_o their_o safety_n where_o they_o â—â—re_v like_a to_o remain_v most_o secure_a from_o the_o enemy_n â—â—en_o the_o english_a army_n march_v towards_o anglesey_n 〈◊〉_d be_v come_v over_o against_o the_o island_n they_o build_v 〈◊〉_d castle_n of_o aberlhiennawc_n but_o gruffydh_n and_o caâ—â—an_n can_v no_o long_o endure_v to_o see_v their_o country_n â—â—er_v run_v by_o the_o english_a and_o therefore_o they_o descendâ—â—_n from_o the_o mountain_n and_o come_v to_o anglesey_n think_v with_o what_o succour_n they_o shall_v receive_v from_o â—â—â—land_n of_o which_o they_o be_v disappoint_v to_o be_v able_a 〈◊〉_d defend_v the_o island_n from_o any_o attempt_n that_o shall_v 〈◊〉_d make_v upon_o it_o and_o now_o the_o whole_a treason_n and_o 〈◊〉_d occasion_n of_o the_o english_a come_v to_o wales_n be_v discover_v for_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n the_o prince_n his_o chiefâ—â—â—_n counsellor_n who_o daughter_n gruffydh_n have_v marâ—â—â—d_v have_v himself_o also_o marry_v everyth_v the_o daughâ—â—â—_n of_o confyn_n aunt_n to_o cadogan_n upon_o some_o private_a â—â—rudge_n or_o other_o call_v in_o the_o english_a into_o wales_n use_v at_o this_o time_n open_o join_v his_o force_n with_o â—â—eirs_n and_o lead_v the_o whole_a army_n over_o into_o anglesey_n â—ruffydh_fw-mi and_z cadogan_n find_v how_o they_o be_v beâ—â—ayed_v by_o their_o dear_a friend_n as_o they_o think_v for_o â—â—â—r_n of_o far_a treachery_n judge_v it_o prudent_a to_o sail_v private_o for_o ireland_n after_o who_o departure_n the_o engâ—â—â—h_n fall_v cruel_o to_o work_v destroy_v all_o they_o can_v â—â—me_n at_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o either_o age_n or_o sex_n â—nd_n whilst_o the_o english_a continue_v in_o anglesey_n magâ—â—s_v the_o son_n of_o harold_n late_o king_n of_o england_n come_v â—ver_o with_o a_o great_a fleet_n intend_v to_o lay_v fast_o hold_v â—pon_o that_o kingdom_n than_o his_o father_n have_v do_v and_o 〈◊〉_d recover_v the_o same_o to_o himself_o but_o whilst_o he_o steer_v â—is_fw-la course_n thitherward_o he_o be_v drive_v by_o contrary_a wind_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o anglesey_n where_o he_o will_v fain_o have_v land_v have_v not_o the_o english_a army_n keep_v he_o off_o but_o in_o this_o skirmish_n magnus_n accidental_o wound_v hugh_n earl_n of_o salop_n with_o a_o arrow_n in_o the_o face_n whereof_o he_o die_v and_o then_o of_o a_o sudden_a both_o army_n relinquish_v the_o island_n the_o english_a return_v a.d._n 1097_o to_o england_n appoint_v owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o invite_v they_o over_o prince_n of_o the_o country_n but_o owen_n do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o principality_n long_o for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o follow_a spring_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n return_v from_o ireland_n and_o have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o norman_n for_o some_o part_n of_o their_o land_n in_o wales_n gruffydh_n remain_v in_o anglesey_n and_o cadogan_n have_v cardigan_n with_o part_n of_o powy_n but_o though_o cadogan_n recover_v his_o estate_n yet_o in_o a_o little_a while_n after_o he_o lose_v his_o son_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v treacherous_o murder_v by_o the_o man_n of_o brecnock_n at_o which_o time_n also_o die_v rythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n the_o son_n of_o sulien_n be_v in_o the_o 43_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o man_n of_o the_o great_a piety_n wisdom_n and_o learning_n as_o have_v flourish_v a_o long_a time_n in_o wales_n except_v his_o father_n under_o who_o a.d._n 1098_o tutelage_n he_o be_v educate_v the_o year_n follow_v king_n william_n rufus_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v in_o the_o new_a forest_n be_v accidental_o stain_v with_o a_o arrow_n which_o one_o walter_n tyrrell_n shoot_v at_o a_o stag_n and_o his_o elder_a brother_n be_v then_o engage_v in_o the_o holy_a war_n henry_n his_o young_a brother_n who_o in_o his_o life-time_n he_o have_v nominate_v his_o successor_n be_v crown_v in_o his_o stead_n the_o same_o year_n hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n grono_fw-it ap_fw-mi cadogan_n and_o gwyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi depart_v this_o life_n a.d._n 1100_o about_o two_o year_n after_o a_o rebellion_n break_v out_o in_o england_n robert_z de_fw-fr belesmo_n the_o son_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o arnulph_n his_o brother_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o king_n henry_n which_o he_o be_v inform_v of_o send_v they_o a_o very_a gracious_a message_n to_o come_v before_o he_o and_o declare_v their_o grievance_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o rise_n up_o in_o arm_n against_o his_o majesty_n but_o the_o earl_n instead_o of_o appear_v in_o person_n send_v he_o flight_n and_o frivolous_a excuse_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n for_o the_o war_n both_o by_o raise_v of_o force_n and_o fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_n and_o to_o strengthen_v themselves_o the_o more_o they_o send_v rich_a present_n and_o make_v large_a promise_n to_o jorwerth_n cadogan_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n for_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o side_n robert_n fortify_v four_o castle_n namely_o arundel_n tekinhil_n shrewsbury_n and_o brugge_n which_o last_o by_o reason_n that_o robert_n build_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n be_v the_o chief_a occasion_n of_o this_o war_n and_o arnulph_n fortify_v his_o castle_n at_o pembrock_n after_o this_o they_o enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n waste_v and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o and_o to_o augment_v their_o strength_n arnulph_n send_v gerald_n his_o steward_n to_o murkart_n king_n of_o ireland_n desire_v his_o daughter_n in_o wedlock_n which_o be_v
easy_o grant_v with_o the_o promise_n too_o of_o great_a succour_n and_o large_a supply_n king_n henry_n to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o bold_a adventure_n march_v in_o person_n against_o they_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o arundel_n win_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o quick_o afterward_o the_o castle_n of_o tekinhill_n but_o that_o of_o brugge_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ditch_n about_o it_o seem_v to_o require_v long_a time_n and_o hard_a service_n and_o therefore_o king_n henry_n be_v advise_v to_o send_v private_o to_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n promise_v he_o great_a reward_n if_o he_o forsake_v the_o earl_n part_n and_o come_v over_o to_o he_o urge_v to_o he_o what_o mischief_n roger_n earl_n robert_n father_n and_o his_o brother_n hugh_n have_v continual_o do_v to_o the_o welshman_n and_o to_o make_v he_o the_o more_o willing_a to_o accept_v of_o his_o proposal_n he_o promise_v to_o give_v he_o all_o such_o land_n as_o the_o earl_n and_o his_o brother_n have_v in_o wales_n without_o either_o tribute_n or_o homage_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o powy_n cardigan_n and_o half_o dyfe_v the_o other_o part_n be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o william_n fitz-baldwyn_n jorwerth_n receive_v these_o offer_n accept_v of_o they_o very_o glad_o and_o then_o come_v to_o the_o king_n he_o send_v all_o his_o force_n to_o earl_n robert_n land_n who_o have_v receive_v very_o strict_a order_n destroy_v without_o mercy_n every_o thing_n they_o meet_v with_o and_o what_o make_v the_o spoil_n the_o great_a earl_n robert_n upon_o his_o rebel_n against_o king_n henry_n have_v cause_v his_o people_n to_o convey_v all_o their_o good_n to_o wales_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o english_a not_o think_v how_o his_o father_n memory_n sound_v among_o the_o welsh_a but_o when_o the_o news_n of_o iorwerth_n revolt_n reach_v the_o ear_n of_o the_o earl_n cadogan_n and_o meredith_n iorwerth_n brother_n their_o spirit_n begin_v to_o faint_v as_o despair_v any_o long_a to_o oppose_v the_o king_n since_o jorwerth_n who_o be_v the_o person_n of_o great_a strength_n in_o wales_n have_v leave_v and_o forsake_v they_o arnulph_n be_v go_v to_o ireland_n to_o fetch_v home_o his_o wife_n and_o to_o bring_v over_o what_o succour_n his_o father_n in_o law_n king_n murkart_n can_v afford_v to_o send_v he_o but_o he_o not_o come_v in_o time_n some_o other_o method_n be_v to_o be_v try_v how_o to_o get_v some_o aid_n against_o the_o english_a a_o little_a before_o this_o rebellion_n break_v out_o magnus_n harold_n son_n land_v the_o second_o time_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n and_o be_v kind_o receive_v by_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi conan_n he_o have_v leave_v to_o cut_v down_o what_o timber_n he_o have_v need_n for_o and_o so_o return_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o he_o have_v get_v by_o conquest_n he_o build_v there_o three_o castle_n and_o then_o send_v to_o ireland_n to_o have_v the_o daughter_n of_o murkart_n in_o marriage_n to_o his_o son_n which_o be_v obtain_v he_o create_v he_o king_n of_o man._n earl_n robert_n hear_v this_o send_v to_o magnus_n for_o aid_n against_o king_n henry_n but_o receive_v none_o he_o think_v it_o now_o high_a time_n to_o look_v to_o his_o own_o safety_n and_o therefore_o he_o send_v to_o the_o king_n request_v that_o he_o may_v quiet_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v lay_v down_o his_o arm_n which_o the_o king_n have_v grant_v he_o sail_v to_o normandy_n and_o then_o king_n henry_n send_v a_o express_a to_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n require_v he_o either_o to_o follow_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o to_o deliver_v himself_o up_o to_o his_o mercy_n and_o so_o arnulph_n go_v over_o also_o for_o normandy_n when_o the_o king_n be_v return_v to_o london_n jorwerth_n take_v his_o brother_n meredith_n prisoner_n and_o commit_v he_o to_o the_o king_n custody_n his_o other_o brother_n cadogan_n 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1101._o a._n d._n 1101._o under_o pretence_n of_o consult_v about_o the_o king_n business_n and_o affair_n in_o those_o part_n but_o the_o plot_n be_v lay_v deep_o and_o when_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n he_o make_v his_o appearance_n he_o be_v surprize_o attaint_v of_o high-treason_n and_o then_o contrary_a to_o all_o right_a and_o justice_n actual_o condemn_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n the_o true_a reason_n of_o this_o unparalleled_a severity_n be_v the_o king_n fear_v his_o strength_n and_o be_v apprehensive_a that_o he_o will_v revenge_v the_o wrong_n and_o affront_v he_o receive_v at_o his_o hand_n and_o indeed_o well_o have_v he_o reason_n to_o fear_v that_o when_o he_o so_o ungrateful_o treat_v he_o who_o service_n he_o have_v experience_v to_o be_v so_o great_o advantageous_a to_o he_o but_o the_o policy_n of_o prince_n be_v unaccountable_a and_o whether_o to_o value_v a_o eminent_a person_n for_o his_o service_n or_o to_o fear_v he_o for_o his_o greatness_n be_v a_o subject_a that_o frequent_o disturb_v their_o most_o settle_a consideration_n but_o the_o nobleman_n that_o be_v at_o this_o time_n send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o shrewsbury_n be_v richard_n de_fw-fr belmersh_n who_o be_v chief_a agent_n about_o roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o london_n and_o afterward_o appoint_v by_o this_o king_n to_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o march_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o county_n of_o salop._n with_o he_o be_v join_v in_o company_n walter_z constable_z the_o father_n of_o milo_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o rayner_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o the_o county_n of_o salop._n about_o this_o time_n as_o bale_n write_v the_o church_n of_o menevia_n or_o s._n david_n begin_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n be_v always_o afore_o the_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o all_o wales_n a.d._n 1102_o short_o after_o this_o owen_z ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o have_v be_v author_n of_o no_o small_a mischief_n and_o disturbance_n to_o the_o welsh_a in_o move_v the_o english_a against_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o son_n in_o law_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n depart_v this_o life_n after_o a_o tedious_a and_o miserable_a sickness_n of_o which_o he_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o pity_a by_o how_o much_o he_o have_v prove_v a_o enemy_n and_o a_o traitor_n to_o his_o native_a country_n he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o grono_n by_o his_o wife_n edelflede_v the_o widow_n of_o edmund_n surname_v ironside_n king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v the_o title_n of_o tegengl_n though_o the_o english_a when_o they_o have_v compel_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n to_o flee_v to_o ireland_n for_o safety_n constitute_v he_o prince_n of_o all_o north-wales_n after_o his_o death_n richard_n fitz-baldwyn_n lay_v siege_n to_o and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n and_o forcible_o drive_v howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n have_v commit_v the_o custody_n of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o country_n but_o howel_n quick_o return_v and_o with_o a_o high_a spirit_n of_o revenge_n begin_v to_o destroy_v and_o burn_v whatsoever_o he_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o then_o meet_v a_o party_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o their_o return_n homeward_o he_o fall_v upon_o the_o flank_n of_o they_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a slaughter_n and_o so_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n except_v some_o few_o garrison_n and_o castle_n which_o will_v not_o surrender_v to_o he_o the_o same_o time_n king_n henry_n take_v away_o from_o saer_n the_o government_n of_o dyfed_a which_o former_o be_v jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn's_fw-mi and_o bestow_v it_o upon_o gerald_n who_o have_v be_v some_o time_n earl_n arnulph_n steward_n in_o those_o part_n and_o therefore_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n best_o able_a to_o take_v
to_o apprehend_v he_o but_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n being_n aware_a of_o the_o trap_n lay_v against_o he_o send_v to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n desire_v his_o assistance_n and_o that_o he_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o remain_v safe_a in_o his_o country_n which_o gruffydh_n for_o his_o father_n account_n ready_o grant_v and_o treat_v he_o honourable_o a_o little_a after_o his_o brother_n howel_n who_o be_v imprison_v by_o ardulph_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o montgomery_n where_o he_o have_v remain_v for_o a_o great_a while_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o flee_v to_o his_o brother_n then_o with_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n in_o north-wales_n but_o king_n henry_n be_v inform_v that_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o his_o brother_n howel_n be_v entertain_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n send_v very_o smooth_a letter_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n desire_v to_o speak_v with_o he_o who_o be_v come_v he_o receive_v he_o with_o all_o the_o token_n of_o honour_n and_o friendship_n and_o bestow_v upon_o he_o very_o rich_a present_n just_a after_o the_o norman_a policy_n who_o usual_o make_v very_o much_o of_o those_o who_o they_o design_v afterward_o to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o they_o after_o some_o time_n be_v general_a discourse_n king_n henry_n come_v at_o length_n to_o the_o main_a point_n and_o promise_v the_o prince_n even_o mountain_n of_o gold_n in_o case_n he_o will_v send_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n or_o his_o head_n to_o he_o which_o the_o prince_n overcome_v by_o such_o fair_a word_n and_o large_a promise_n promise_v to_o perform_v and_o so_o return_v joyful_o home_o big_a with_o the_o expectation_n of_o his_o future_a reward_n but_o some_o who_o wish_v better_a to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o his_o brother_n howel_n present_o suspect_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o king_n message_n and_o therefore_o they_o advise_v they_o to_o withdraw_v themselves_o private_o for_o some_o time_n till_o prince_n gruffydh_n mind_n be_v better_o understand_v and_o whether_o he_o have_v make_v any_o agreement_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o betray_v they_o to_o he_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o prince_n be_v return_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aberffraw_n he_o present_o inquire_v for_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o learning_n in_o a_o little_a time_n where_o he_o be_v he_o send_v a_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o recall_n he_o to_o his_o court_n but_o gruffydh_n hear_v of_o their_o approach_n with_o all_o speed_n make_v his_o escape_n to_o the_o church_n of_o aberdaron_n and_o take_v sanctuary_n there_o but_o prince_n gruffydh_n be_v so_o resolute_a to_o make_v his_o promise_n good_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o religious_a place_n he_o have_v escape_v too_o command_v the_o same_o messenger_n to_o return_v and_o to_o bring_v he_o away_o by_o force_n which_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o country_n unanimous_o withstand_v protest_v that_o they_o will_v not_o see_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o least_o infringe_v and_o whilst_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o prince_n officer_n be_v thus_o at_o debate_n that_o same_o night_n some_o who_o have_v compassion_n upon_o the_o young_a prince_n and_o see_v how_o greedy_o his_o life_n be_v thirst_v for_o convey_v he_o away_o out_o of_o north-wales_n to_o straywy_a in_o south-wales_n and_o so_o be_v deliver_v from_o the_o treacherous_a and_o more_o dishonourable_a practice_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o north_n wales_n he_o be_v force_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n to_o bid_v open_a defiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o thereupon_o have_v raise_v all_o the_o force_n which_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o opportunity_n will_v permit_v he_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n a.d._n 1113_o the_o next_o year_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o stand_v over-against_o arberth_n and_o win_v the_o same_o make_v it_o plain_a with_o the_o ground_n and_o from_o thence_o march_v to_o lhanymdhyfry_n castle_n belonging_z to_z richard_z de_fw-fr pwn_n upon_o who_o the_o king_n have_v bestow_v cantref_o bychan_n but_o the_o garrison_n command_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rytherch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n so_o manful_o defend_v it_o that_o gruffydh_n after_o kill_v only_o some_o few_o of_o the_o besiege_a and_o burn_v the_o outwork_n be_v force_v to_o remove_v with_o no_o small_a loss_n of_o his_o own_o men._n find_v this_o place_n impregnable_a he_o come_v before_o abertawy-castle_n which_o be_v build_v by_o henry_n beaumond_n earl_n of_o warwick_n but_o this_o prove_v too_o strong_a to_o be_v quick_o surrender_v after_o he_o have_v burn_v some_o of_o the_o outward_a building_n he_o return_v to_o stratywy_a burn_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n as_o he_o go_v along_o and_o now_o his_o fame_n be_v spread_v abroad_o through_o all_o the_o country_n all_o the_o wild_a and_o headstrong_a youth_n and_o they_o who_o fortune_n be_v desperate_a resort_v unto_o he_o from_o all_o part_n by_o which_o mean_v be_v wax_v strong_a and_o numerous_a he_o make_v in_o roads_n into_o ros_n and_o dyfe_v spoil_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n before_o he_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n be_v cruel_o enrage_v with_o these_o continual_a depredation_n and_o how_o to_o remedy_v this_o mischief_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v but_o after_o long_a consultation_n they_o think_v it_o the_o best_a way_n to_o call_v together_o such_o welsh_a lord_n as_o be_v friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n such_o be_v owen_n ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n and_o rhytherch_v ap_fw-mi theodore_n with_o his_o son_n meredith_n and_o owen_n who_o mother_n be_v heynyth_n the_o daughter_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n and_o owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o gwenlhian_n another_o daughter_n of_o blethyn_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n these_o protest_v their_o loyalty_n and_o fidelity_n to_o king_n henry_n be_v desire_v to_o defend_v the_o king_n castle_n of_o carmardhyn_n and_o that_o by_o turn_n owen_z ap_fw-mi caradoc_n the_o first_o fortnight_n and_o then_o by_o succession_n by_o rhytherch_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n and_o meredith_n the_o ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n owen_n undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o carmardhyn_n castle_n for_o the_o time_n require_v of_o he_o and_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi gadifor_n have_v commit_v to_o he_o the_o government_n of_o abercomyn_n or_o abercorran-castle_n which_o appertain_v to_o robert_n courtmain_n but_o for_o all_o these_o preparation_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi râ—ys_fw-mi have_v a_o wishful_a eye_n upon_o carmardhyn_n and_o therefore_o he_o send_v out_o some_o spy_n to_o learn_v the_o strength_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o town_n who_o bring_v he_o a_o very_a kind_n and_o hopeful_a account_n he_o decamp_v by_o night_n and_o rush_v sudden_o into_o the_o town_n order_v his_o man_n to_o make_v a_o great_a shout_n thereby_o to_o strike_v a_o great_a terror_n into_o those_o within_o owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n the_o governor_n be_v surprise_v with_o such_o a_o unexpected_a uproar_n make_v all_o possible_a haste_n to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o have_v hear_v the_o shout_n and_o think_v that_o his_o man_n be_v at_o his_o heel_n fall_v in_o among_o the_o enemy_n but_o have_v none_o to_o support_v he_o his_o man_n be_v all_o flee_v he_o be_v after_o a_o manful_a defence_n cut_v in_o piece_n and_o so_o the_o town_n be_v take_v gruffydh_n burn_v every_o thing_n to_o the_o ground_n except_v the_o castle_n which_o be_v also_o sore_o deface_v and_o then_o return_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o spoil_n and_o booty_n to_o his_o usual_a residence_n at_o stratywy_a his_o force_n be_v considerable_o increase_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o many_o stout_a young_a man_n who_o come_v to_o he_o from_o all_o quarter_n and_o think_v that_o fortune_n so_o prosper_v his_o arm_n that_o no_o body_n be_v able_a to_o stand_v before_o he_o after_o this_o he_o march_v to_o gwyr_n but_o william_n de_fw-fr londres_n think_v it_o impossible_a to_o stand_v before_o he_o forsake_v the_o castle_n with_o all_o his_o man_n in_o all_o haste_n so_o that_o when_o gruffydh_n be_v come_v thither_o he_o find_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o cattle_n and_o spoil_n and_o none_o to_o own_o they_o and_o therefore_o have_v burn_v down_o the_o castle_n he_o carry_v away_o every_o thing_n of_o value_n in_o the_o country_n when_o the_o cardiganshire_n man_n hear_v how_o fortunate_o he_o succeed_v in_o all_o his_o attempt_n and_o be_v extreme_o fearful_a lest_o his_o next_o expedition_n shall_v be_v against_o they_o send_v to_o he_o desire_v he_o as_o be_v their_o near_a relation_n and_o country_n man_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n over_o they_o gruffydh_fw-mi willing_o accept_v of_o their_o offer_n and_o come_v thither_o be_v joyful_o receive_v by_o the_o chief_a man_n in_o the_o country_n who_o be_v cadifor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n howel_n ap_fw-mi
first_o on-let_a strike_v with_o a_o arrow_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o which_o wound_n he_o present_o die_v which_o when_o his_o man_n see_v they_o all_o flee_v and_o bring_v word_n to_o lhywarch_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o fellow_n of_o what_o have_v happen_v and_o so_o suspect_v the_o king_n army_n see_v they_o can_v not_o be_v trust_v in_o their_o service_n they_o all_o return_v to_o their_o respective_a country_n owen_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n unhappy_o slay_v his_o brethren_n divide_v his_o land_n betwixt_o they_o except_v caereneon_n which_o proper_o belong_v to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ryryd_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o which_o he_o have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o his_o uncle_n meredith_n his_o father_n cadwgan_n have_v several_a child_n by_o different_a woman_n and_o beside_o himself_o he_o have_v issue_n madawc_n by_o gwenlhian_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n eineon_n by_o sanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o dyfnwal_n morgan_n by_o efelhiw_n or_o elhiw_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadifor_n ap_fw-mi colhoyn_v lord_n of_o dyfed_a henry_n and_o gruffydh_n be_v by_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o lord_n pigot_n his_o wed_a wife_n meredith_n by_o eururon_n hoedliw_n and_o himself_o by_o inerth_n the_o daughter_n of_o edwin_n but_o a_o while_n afterward_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n and_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n in_o merionythshire_n which_o be_v late_o build_v by_o vchtryd_v ap_fw-mi edwin_n for_o cadwgan_n have_v bestow_v upon_o vchtryd_v his_o cofin-german_a merionyth_n and_o cyfeilioc_n upon_o condition_n that_o in_o all_o case_n he_o shall_v appear_v his_o friend_n and_o his_o son_n after_o he_o contrary_a to_o which_o promise_n he_o bear_v no_o manner_n of_o regard_n to_o cadwgan_n child_n after_o owen_n death_n but_o to_o strengthen_v himself_o the_o better_a he_o erect_v this_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n which_o very_o much_o displease_v many_o of_o cadwgan_n son_n and_o therefore_o eineon_n and_o gruffydh_n to_o make_v vchtryd_v sensible_a of_o his_o error_n in_o despise_v of_o they_o furious_o set_v upon_o cymmer_n castle_n and_o have_v slay_v divers_a of_o the_o garrison_n the_o rest_n surrender_v themselves_o and_o so_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o they_o divide_v the_o country_n betwixt_o they_o mowdhwy_a cyfyeilioc_n and_o half_a penlhyn_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o the_o other_o half_a of_o penthyn_n with_o all_o merionyth_n to_o eineon_n the_o next_o year_n king_n henry_n fail_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o normandy_n against_o the_o french_a king_n who_o with_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n and_o other_o go_v about_o to_o make_v william_n the_o son_n of_o robert_n curthoise_n duke_n of_o normandy_n but_o at_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n they_o all_o scatter_a and_o lay_v aside_o their_o intend_a design_n about_o the_o same_o time_n gilbert_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigill_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n have_v give_v all_o cardigan_n depart_v this_o life_n after_o a_o long_a fit_a of_o a_o consumption_n much_o to_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v in_o great_a measure_n displease_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o own_o natural_a lord_n cadwgan_n from_o who_o this_o country_n be_v take_v away_o and_o be_v force_v to_o serve_v and_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o stranger_n who_o kindness_n they_o have_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o expect_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1115_o a_o irreconcilable_a quarrel_n happen_v betwixt_o howel_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n lord_n of_o ros_n and_o ryfonioc_n now_o denbighland_n and_o riryd_n and_o lhywarch_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n and_o when_o they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o agree_v they_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n and_o thereupon_o howel_n send_v to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o to_o eineon_n and_o madawc_n cadwgan_n son_n who_o come_v down_o from_o merionyth_n with_o a_o party_n of_o four_o hundred_o well-disciplined_a man_n and_o encamp_v in_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n riryd_n and_o lhywarch_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n deâ—â—red_v the_o assistance_n of_o their_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v and_o so_o both_o army_n meet_v in_o the_o vale_n of_o clwyd_n they_o fall_v to_o blow_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o spirit_n and_o alacrity_n and_o after_o a_o tedious_a and_o a_o bloody_a fight_n lhywarch_n owen_n ap_fw-mi edwyn's_fw-mi son_n be_v at_o last_o slay_v and_o with_o he_o jorwerth_n the_o son_n of_o nudh_n a_o noble_a and_o a_o valorous_a person_n and_o riryd_n be_v force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o though_o howel_n obtain_v the_o victory_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v his_o slay_a enemy_n for_o have_v receive_v a_o desperate_a wound_n in_o the_o action_n dye_v of_o it_o within_o forty_o day_n and_o than_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n find_v it_o dangerous_a to_o stay_v long_o there_o for_o fear_n of_o some_o french_a who_o lie_v garrison_v in_o chester_n return_v home_o with_o all_o speed_n king_n henry_n be_v still_o in_o normandy_n and_o about_o this_o a.d._n 1116_o time_n a_o very_a great_a battle_n be_v fight_v betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v shameful_o vanquish_v and_o overthrow_v and_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o noble_n take_v prisoner_n but_o as_o king_n henry_n return_v the_o follow_a a.d._n 11_o 7._o year_n for_o england_n one_o of_o the_o ship_n happen_v by_o the_o negligence_n of_o the_o pilot_n to_o be_v cast_v away_o wherein_o perish_v the_o king_n two_o son_n william_n who_o be_v legitimate_a and_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n and_o richard_n his_o base_a son_n together_o with_o his_o daughter_n and_o niece_n and_o several_a other_o of_o his_o nobility_n to_o the_o number_n in_o all_o of_o 150_o person_n this_o unparalleled_a loss_n of_o so_o many_o kindred_n and_o friend_n do_v not_o perplex_v his_o mind_n so_o long_o but_o that_o within_o a_o short_a time_n he_o begin_v to_o solace_v and_o raise_v his_o droop_a spirit_n with_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o new_a wife_n and_o have_v marry_v adelice_n a.d._n 1118_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o louvain_n he_o purpose_v to_o go_v against_o wales_n and_o have_v prepare_v his_o force_n he_o lead_v they_o in_o person_n to_o powys-land_n when_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o eineon_n madawc_n and_o morgan_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n hear_v of_o it_o they_o send_v to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n desire_v some_o help_n at_o his_o hand_n who_o flat_o refuse_v assure_v they_o that_o because_o he_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o can_v neither_o with_o honour_n nor_o safety_n send_v they_o any_o succour_n nor_o permit_v they_o to_o come_v within_o his_o dominion_n the_o lord_n of_o powy_n receive_v this_o unwelcome_a answer_n and_o have_v now_o no_o manner_n of_o hope_n of_o any_o aid_n be_v resolve_v however_o to_o defend_v themselves_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v and_o therefore_o they_o think_v it_o the_o most_o effectual_a mean_n to_o annoy_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n be_v to_o observe_v and_o defend_v the_o strait_n by_o which_o the_o enemy_n must_v of_o necessity_n pass_v neither_o be_v they_o out_o in_o their_o policy_n for_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n himself_o with_o a_o small_a number_n advance_v to_o one_o of_o these_o narrow_a passage_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o carriage_n have_v take_v some_o compass_n about_o which_o the_o welsh_a perceive_v present_o pour_v a_o shower_n of_o arrow_n upon_o they_o and_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n give_v help_n to_o their_o execution_n they_o slay_v and_o wound_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o english_a the_o king_n himself_o be_v strike_v in_o the_o breast_n but_o for_o all_o that_o the_o arrow_n can_v not_o hurt_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o armour_n yet_o he_o be_v so_o terrify_v with_o this_o unexpected_a conflict_n and_o consider_v with_o himself_o that_o he_o must_v receive_v several_a such_o brush_n before_o he_o can_v advance_v to_o the_o plain_a country_n and_o what_o be_v above_o all_o be_v sensible_a that_o by_o such_o rash_a misfortune_n he_o may_v lose_v all_o the_o honour_n and_o fame_n which_o he_o have_v before_o obtain_v send_v a_o message_n to_o parley_v with_o they_o who_o keep_v the_o passage_n and_o with_o all_o assurance_n of_o safety_n to_o desire_v they_o to_o come_v to_o the_o king_n the_o welsh_a be_v come_v and_o question_v how_o they_o have_v such_o confidence_n to_o oppose_v the_o king_n and_o to_o put_v his_o life_n in_o so_o much_o danger_n make_v answer_n that_o they_o belong_v to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o according_a to_o their_o master_n order_n they_o be_v
resolve_v to_o keep_v the_o passage_n or_o to_o die_v upon_o the_o spot_n the_o king_n find_v they_o so_o resolute_a desire_v they_o to_o go_v to_o meredith_n and_o propose_v to_o he_o a_o agreement_n of_o peace_n which_o he_o and_o his_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n accept_v of_o and_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n 10000_o head_n of_o cattle_n in_o retribution_n for_o former_a offence_n and_o so_o king_n henry_n leave_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o peaceable_a and_o quiet_a posture_n in_o wales_n and_o appoint_v the_o lord_n fitz-warren_n warden_n or_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o march_n return_v to_o england_n but_o when_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o country_n the_o welsh_a can_v never_o forbear_v quarrel_v a.d._n 1120_o with_o each_o other_o for_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n who_o have_v be_v now_o for_o some_o time_n quiet_a fall_v upon_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi sulhaern_n and_o for_o what_o reason_n not_o discover_v treacherous_o slay_v he_o but_o the_o next_o year_n a.d._n 1121_o there_o happen_v another_o occasion_n of_o disturbance_n and_o fall_v out_o among_o the_o welsh_a for_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n die_v leave_v all_o his_o share_n of_o powy_n and_o merionyth_n to_o his_o brother_n meredith_n but_o his_o uncle_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n think_v that_o these_o land_n more_o proper_o belong_v to_o he_o eject_v his_o nephew_n meredith_n to_o who_o his_o brother_n eineon_n have_v leave_v they_o and_o take_v possession_n of_o they_o himself_o and_o what_o augment_v these_o difference_n king_n henry_n set_v now_o at_o liberty_n ithel_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n meredith_n nephew_n who_o have_v be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n detain_v in_o prison_n who_o come_v to_o his_o own_o country_n be_v in_o expectation_n to_o enjoy_v his_o estate_n which_o upon_o his_o be_v put_v in_o custody_n his_o relation_n have_v divide_v betwixt_o they_o of_o which_o the_o great_a share_n fall_v to_o his_o uncle_n meredith_n but_o when_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v inform_v how_o that_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n contrary_a to_o all_o justice_n have_v take_v away_o by_o force_n the_o land_n of_o his_o nephew_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n he_o send_v his_o son_n cadwalhon_n and_o owen_n with_o a_o army_n into_o merionyth_n who_o conquer_a and_o bring_v to_o subjection_n all_o the_o country_n carry_v away_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o people_n and_o all_o the_o cattle_n to_o lhyn_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n enter_v into_o the_o land_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n and_o cruel_o waste_v and_o destroy_v it_o by_o reason_n that_o he_o have_v countenance_v the_o do_n of_o their_o uncle_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n but_o these_o inward_a clashing_n and_o animosity_n concern_v estate_n and_o title_n be_v second_v by_o most_o unnatural_a bloodshed_n and_o unparalleled_a cruelty_n for_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n when_o he_o find_v that_o his_o nephew_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o that_o it_o a.d._n 1122_o be_v impracticable_a to_o keep_v merionyth_n from_o he_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o practice_n that_o upon_o his_o nephew_n which_o he_o have_v fail_v to_o effect_v upon_o another_o and_o therefore_o lest_o his_o other_o nephew_n ithel_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n shall_v meet_v with_o the_o like_a help_n and_o encouragement_n to_o recover_v those_o land_n which_o during_o his_o imprisonment_n be_v take_v away_o from_o he_o of_o which_o his_o uncle_n actual_o enjoy_v a_o considerable_a share_n meredith_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o prevent_v all_o manner_n of_o dispute_n by_o send_v ithel_n out_o of_o the_o world_n which_o upon_o mature_a deliberation_n he_o treacherous_o effect_v nor_o be_v this_o the_o only_a murder_n commit_v at_o this_o time_n for_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n exceed_v he_o far_o and_o slay_v his_o three_o uncle_n grono_n riryd_n and_o meilyr_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n but_o which_o be_v most_o unnatural_a of_o all_o morgan_z ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n kill_v his_o brother_n meredith_n a_o crime_n most_o execrable_a though_o he_o do_v afterward_o repent_v of_o it_o a.d._n 1124_o not_o long_o after_o this_o gruffyth_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n by_o the_o false_a and_o invidious_a accusation_n of_o the_o norman_n be_v dispossess_v of_o all_o the_o land_n which_o king_n henry_n have_v former_o grant_v he_o and_o which_o he_o have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n peaceable_o enjoy_v and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n die_v daniel_n ap_fw-mi sulgien_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n and_o archdeacon_n of_o powy_n a_o man_n of_o extraordinary_a piety_n and_o learning_n and_o one_o who_o make_v it_o his_o continual_a employment_n to_o endeavour_v to_o work_v a_o reconciliation_n betwixt_o north-wales_n and_o powy_n which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v at_o perpetual_a variance_n and_o enmity_n with_o one_o another_o the_o next_o year_n die_v likewise_o a.d._n 1125_o gruffydh_n the_o son_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n owen_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n have_v get_v into_o his_o hand_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi lhywarch_n deliver_v he_o to_o pain_n fitz-john_n to_o be_v keep_v safe_a prisoner_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o bridgnorth_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v because_o meredith_n have_v slay_v meyric_n his_o cousin-german_a and_o very_o barbarous_o have_v pull_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o two_o more_o of_o his_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o griffri_n this_o cruel_a and_o inhuman_a custom_n of_o pluck_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o such_o as_o they_o hate_v or_o fear_v be_v too_o frequent_o practise_v in_o wales_n for_o the_o a.d._n 1126_o follow_a year_n jevaf_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n serve_v two_o of_o his_o brethren_n after_o this_o unnatural_a manner_n and_o think_v that_o too_o little_a pass_v a_o sentence_n of_o perpetual_a banishment_n upon_o they_o a_o little_a after_o his_o brother_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi owen_n slay_v jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi lhywarch_n but_o all_o this_o mischief_n practise_v by_o these_o two_o brother_n jevaf_a and_o lhewelyn_n turn_v at_o last_o upon_o themselves_o for_o their_o uncle_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n being_n apprehensive_a that_o his_o two_o nephew_n be_v a_o considerable_a rub_n in_o his_o way_n and_o if_o they_o troop_v off_o that_o all_o their_o estate_n will_v of_o right_a fall_n to_o he_o slay_v jevaf_n outright_o and_o have_v pluck_v out_o lhewelyn_n eye_n castrate_v he_o for_o fear_v he_o shall_v beget_v any_o child_n to_o inherit_v his_o land_n after_o he_o these_o no_o doubt_n be_v implacable_a time_n when_o for_o the_o least_o offence_n nay_o sometime_o suspicion_n murder_n be_v so_o open_o and_o incorrigible_o commit_v which_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v attribute_v to_o this_o one_o principle_n that_o so_o many_o petty_a state_n have_v equal_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o their_o own_o territory_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o none_o but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n still_o endeavour_v to_o outvie_v and_o overtop_n each_o other_o and_o so_o nearness_n of_o relation_n give_v way_n to_o ambition_n they_o never_o regard_v those_o of_o the_o same_o blood_n so_o that_o themselves_o may_v add_v to_o their_o strength_n and_o increase_v their_o estate_n by_o their_o fall_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n meyric_n slay_v lhywarch_n and_o his_o son_n madawc_n his_o own_o cousin_n but_o before_o he_o can_v make_v any_o advantage_n of_o their_o death_n he_o be_v himself_o serve_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o the_o only_a person_n who_o afterward_o repent_v of_o such_o a_o foul_a crime_n be_v morgan_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n who_o be_v severe_o trouble_v in_o mind_n for_o the_o murder_n he_o have_v late_o commit_v upon_o his_o brother_n meredith_n take_v a_o journey_n to_o jerusalem_n to_o expiate_v for_o his_o crime_n and_o in_o his_o return_n from_o thence_o dye_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o cyprus_n but_o this_o treacherous_a way_n of_o private_a murder_v those_o by_o who_o they_o be_v offend_v can_v not_o be_v forget_v among_o the_o welsh_a for_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n a.d._n 1129_o calling_n to_o mind_n how_o that_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n have_v base_o slay_v three_o of_o his_o brother_n and_o take_v the_o opportunity_n of_o his_o be_v at_o nanhewdwy_n assist_v by_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n set_v upon_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o great_a usurper_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n who_o by_o most_o unnatural_a and_o most_o hellish_a practice_n have_v get_v the_o land_n of_o all_o his_o brother_n and_o nephew_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n be_v become_v a_o man_n of_o the_o great_a strength_n and_o sway_n in_o powy_n dye_v of_o a_o severe_a fit_a of_o sickness_n which_o reduce_v he_o to_o that_o
apprehension_n of_o his_o former_a miscarriage_n that_o he_o endure_v penance_n for_o the_o expiation_n of_o former_a guilt_n a.d._n 1134_o in_o the_o year_n 1134._o till_o which_o time_n nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v in_o wales_n henry_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n king_n of_o england_n dye_v in_o normandy_n in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n after_o who_o stephen_n earl_n of_o buloign_n son_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o bloys_n his_o sister_n son_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o hugh_n bygod_n be_v crown_v king_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n consent_v thereunto_o though_o contrary_a to_o a_o former_a oath_n they_o have_v take_v to_o maud_n the_o empress_n the_o first_o thing_n that_o employ_v his_o thought_n after_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o government_n be_v against_o david_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n who_o take_v advantage_n of_o this_o new_a revolution_n in_o england_n by_o some_o treacherous_a mean_n or_o other_o get_v the_o town_n of_o carlisle_n and_o newcastle_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o king_n stephen_n though_o scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n present_o march_v towards_o the_o north_n of_o who_o come_v david_n be_v assure_v and_o fear_v to_o meet_v he_o voluntary_o restore_v newcastle_n and_o compound_v for_o carlisle_n but_o will_v not_o swear_v to_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o oath_n to_o maud_n which_o however_o his_o son_n henry_n do_v not_o stick_v at_o and_o thereupon_o be_v by_o king_n stephen_n create_v earl_n of_o huntingdon_n this_o change_n and_o alteration_n of_o affair_n in_o england_n make_v also_o a.d._n 1135_o the_o welsh_a bestir_v themselves_o for_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n a_o man_n of_o considerable_a quality_n and_o estate_n in_o wales_n remember_v the_o wrong_n and_o injury_n he_o have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o richard_n fitz-gilbert_n slay_v he_o together_o with_o his_o son_n gilbert_n and_o short_o after_o cadwallader_n and_o owen_n gwyneth_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v raise_v a_o mighty_a army_n march_v against_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o come_v to_o cardigan_n commit_v very_o considerable_a waste_n and_o havoc_n in_o the_o country_n and_o take_v two_o of_o the_o strong_a place_n one_o belong_v to_o walter_n espec_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n in_o this_o last_o place_n they_o be_v join_v by_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n who_o march_v forward_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o richard_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mare_n together_o with_o those_o of_o dinerth_n and_o caerwedros_n and_o then_o return_v with_o very_o valuable_a booty_n but_o have_v succeed_v so_o well_o in_o this_o expedition_n they_o can_v not_o rest_v satisfy_v till_o they_o have_v rid_v the_o whole_a country_n from_o the_o intolerable_a pride_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n and_o therefore_o return_v the_o same_o year_n to_o cardigan_n with_o 6000_o foot_n and_o 2000_o horse_n well_o discipline_v and_o experience_v soldier_n and_o be_v join_v by_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n of_o brecknock_n with_o his_o son_n and_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n they_o overran_a the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o aberteifi_n restore_v all_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n to_o their_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o discard_n all_o such_o stranger_n as_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o strygil_n have_v place_v in_o the_o country_n but_o when_o stephen_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o aberteifi_n see_v that_o he_o call_v to_o he_o robert_n fitz-martyn_n the_o son_n of_o gerald_n and_o william_n fitz-john_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o norman_n fleming_n and_o english_a in_o wales_n or_o the_o march_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o welsh_a betwixt_o aber_n ned_n and_o aber_n dyfi_n give_v they_o battle_n but_o after_o a_o very_a sore_n and_o bloody_a encounter_n the_o english_a begin_v to_o give_v ground_n and_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a manner_n trust_v too_o much_o to_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o town_n and_o fortification_n begin_v to_o look_v how_o to_o save_v themselves_o that_o way_n but_o the_o welsh_a press_v upon_o they_o so_o hard_o that_o they_o kill_v above_o 3000_o man_n beside_o several_a that_o be_v drown_v and_o take_v prisoner_n this_o victory_n be_v so_o happy_o obtain_v cadwallader_n and_o owen_n overran_a the_o whole_a country_n force_v all_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n to_o depart_v the_o country_n with_o all_o speed_n and_o place_v in_o their_o room_n those_o miserable_a welsh_a who_o have_v be_v so_o long_o deprive_v and_o keep_v from_o their_o own_o estate_n and_o after_o they_o have_v weed_v the_o country_n of_o those_o insatiable_a caterpillar_n they_o return_v to_o north_n wales_n lade_v with_o very_o rich_a spoil_n and_o acceptable_a plunder_n the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o take_v notice_n to_o what_o extremity_n his_o subject_n be_v reduce_v to_o in_o wales_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o own_o noble_n of_o england_n be_v rise_v in_o arm_n against_o he_o the_o reason_n of_o which_o tumult_n among_o the_o nobility_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o fallacious_a report_n that_o go_v about_o of_o the_o king_n death_n who_o lie_v then_o sick_a of_o a_o lethargy_n they_o that_o bear_v he_o no_o good_a will_n verify_v the_o rumour_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o common_a people_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o empress_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o king_n friend_n betake_v themselves_o to_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_v for_o fear_n of_o the_o empress_n and_z among_z other_o hugh_z bigod_n secure_v the_o castle_n of_o norwich_n and_o after_o that_o he_o be_v assure_v that_o the_o king_n be_v well_o again_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o deliver_v the_o same_o out_o of_o his_o possession_n a.d._n 1136_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o the_o king_n be_v own_o hand_n but_o during_o these_o commotion_n and_o trouble_n in_o england_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n son_n to_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n dye_v leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v rhys_n common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o lord_n rhys_n by_o gwenlhian_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n who_o by_o some_o be_v say_v to_o have_v poison_v her_o husband_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o year_n die_v likewise_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v 57_o year_n to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o discontent_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n as_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a quality_n and_o one_o who_o after_o divers_a victory_n obtain_v over_o the_o english_a have_v thorough_o purge_v north-wales_n from_o all_o stranger_n and_o foreigner_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o angharad_n the_o daughter_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n three_o son_n namely_o owen_n cadwallader_n and_o cadwalhon_n and_o five_o daughter_n marret_n susanna_n ranulht_n agnes_n and_o gwenlhian_a and_o by_o a_o concubine_n jago_n ascain_n edwal_n abbot_n of_o penmon_n dolhing_n and_o elen_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o hova_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n felyn_n of_o yal_a there_o be_v several_a good_a and_o wholesome_a law_n and_o statute_n enact_v in_o his_o time_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o reform_v the_o great_a disorder_n of_o the_o welsh_a minstrel_n which_o be_v then_o grow_v to_o great_a abuse_n of_o these_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n in_o wales_n the_o first_o be_v call_v beirdh_n who_o compose_v several_a song_n and_o ode_n of_o various_a measure_n wherein_o the_o poet_n skill_n be_v not_o only_o require_v but_o also_o a_o natural_a endowment_n or_o a_o vein_n which_o the_o latin_n term_v furor_fw-la poeticus_fw-la these_o likewise_o keep_v the_o record_n of_o all_o gentleman_n arm_n and_o pedigree_n and_o be_v principal_o esteem_v among_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o welsh_a poet_n the_o next_o be_v such_o as_o play_v upon_o musical_a instrument_n chief_o the_o harp_n and_o the_o crowd_n which_o music_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n first_o bring_v over_o into_o wales_n who_o be_v bear_v in_o ireland_n and_o descend_v by_o his_o mother_n side_n of_o irish_a parent_n bring_v with_o he_o from_o thence_o several_a skilful_a musician_n who_o invent_v almost_o all_o the_o instrument_n as_o be_v afterward_o play_v upon_o in_o wales_n the_o last_o sort_n be_v call_v atcaneay_v who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o sing_v to_o the_o instrument_n play_v upon_o by_o another_o each_o of_o these_o by_o the_o same_o statute_n have_v their_o several_a reward_n and_o encouragement_n allot_v to_o they_o their_o life_n and_o behaviour_n be_v to_o be_v spotless_a and_o unblameable_a otherwise_o their_o punishment_n be_v very_o severe_a and_o rigid_a every_o one_o have_v authority_n to_o punish_v and_o correct_v they_o even_o to_o the_o deprivation_n of_o all_o they_o have_v they_o be_v also_o
each_o other_o but_o a.d._n 1142_o short_o after_o this_o a_o irreconcilable_a difference_n fall_v out_o betwixt_o anarawd_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o his_o father_n in_o law_n cadwallader_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o brother_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n which_o from_o word_n quick_o proceed_v to_o blow_n in_o this_o scuffle_n anarawd_n be_v unhappy_o slay_v which_o so_o exasperate_v prince_n owen_n against_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n that_o together_o with_o his_o son_n howel_n he_o march_v with_o a_o army_n into_o his_o brother_n country_n and_o after_o a_o considerable_a waste_n and_o destruction_n burn_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n cadwallader_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o prince_n owen_n approach_n withdraw_v himself_o and_o flee_v to_o ireland_n where_o have_v hire_v a_o great_a number_n of_o irish_a and_o scots_a for_o two_o thousand_o mark_n under_o the_o command_n of_o octer_n and_o the_o son_n of_o turkel_n and_o cherulf_n he_o strike_v sail_n for_o wales_n and_o land_v at_o abermenay_n in_o carnarvonshire_n the_o prince_n to_o protract_v no_o time_n march_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o prevent_v their_o far_a progress_n into_o the_o country_n and_o both_o army_n be_v come_v in_o view_n of_o each_o other_o a_o peace_n be_v happy_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o brother_n the_o irish_a understanding_n this_o and_o how_o that_o their_o come_n over_o be_v like_a to_o prove_v but_o a_o fool_n be_v errant_a to_o they_o they_o surprise_v and_o secure_v cadwallader_n till_o their_o wage_n and_o arrear_n be_v pay_v who_o to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n deliver_v to_o they_o two_o thousand_o head_n of_o cattle_n beside_o many_o prisoner_n and_o other_o booty_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o the_o country_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o prince_n be_v inform_v that_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n be_v set_v loose_a without_o any_o far_a demur_n upon_o the_o case_n he_o fall_v in_o upon_o the_o irish_a and_o have_v slay_v a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o they_o recover_v all_o the_o booty_n they_o purpose_v to_o ship_v off_o and_o force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v escape_v to_o return_v with_o great_a loss_n and_o a_o great_a shame_n back_o to_o ireland_n but_o the_o norman_n speed_v far_o better_a in_o wales_n hugh_n son_n to_o radulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n have_v fortify_v his_o castle_n of_o cymaron_n set_v upon_o and_o win_v the_o country_n of_o melienyth_n a_o second_o time_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o clun_n be_v fortify_v by_o another_o lord_n all_o eluel_n become_v subject_a to_o the_o norman_n the_o same_o time_n king_n stephen_n take_v geoffrey_n mandeville_n prisoner_n at_o s._n alban_n where_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o slip_n of_o his_o horse_n be_v like_a to_o be_v drown_v in_o the_o river_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o mandeville_n to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n deliver_v up_o to_o the_o king_n the_o tower_n of_o london_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o walden_n and_o plassey_n which_o reduce_v he_o to_o that_o condition_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o live_v upon_o the_o plunder_n and_o spoil_n of_o abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n till_o at_o length_n he_o be_v slay_v in_o a_o skirmish_n against_o the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n banish_v the_o kingdom_n the_o next_o year_n a_o skirmish_n happen_v betwixt_o hugh_n a.d._n 1144_o de_fw-fr mortimer_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi howel_n wherein_o the_o latter_a be_v take_v prisoner_n with_o many_o other_o of_o his_o accomplice_n who_o be_v all_o commit_v to_o prison_n by_o the_o english_a but_o it_o fare_v much_o better_o with_o howel_n and_o conan_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n who_o have_v raise_v a_o army_n against_o the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n at_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v place_v a_o garrison_n in_o the_o town_n return_v home_o with_o great_a honour_n and_o much_o booty_n about_o the_o same_o time_n sulien_n ap_fw-mi rhythmarch_n one_o of_o the_o college_n of_o lhanbadarn_n and_o a_o person_n of_o great_a read_n and_o extensive_a learning_n depart_v this_o life_n short_o after_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n come_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o force_n to_o dyfed_a and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v hugh_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1145_o likewise_o slay_v meyric_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n ap_fw-mi bleddu_n and_o meredic_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n and_o so_o far_o it_o go_v of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o english_a but_o now_o the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o gain_v ground_n cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n belong_v to_o earl_n gilbert_n which_o be_v surrender_v up_o cadelh_n assist_v by_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n bring_v his_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n which_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n yield_v in_o like_a manner_n reserve_v only_o this_o one_o condition_n that_o the_o garrison_n shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o he_o march_v to_o lhanstephan_n and_o set_v before_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o which_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n come_v with_o their_o force_n be_v shameful_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v and_o so_o the_o castle_n be_v easy_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o welsh_a but_o the_o norman_n be_v so_o cruel_o nettle_v at_o this_o that_o they_o muster_v up_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v possible_o draw_v together_o out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n and_o unexpected_o surround_v the_o castle_n intend_v by_o all_o possible_a mean_n to_o recover_v the_o same_o but_o the_o governor_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi a_o man_n of_o great_a year_n and_o no_o less_o experience_n so_o animate_v and_o encourage_v the_o besiege_v that_o when_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n venture_v to_o scale_v the_o wall_n they_o be_v bear_v back_o with_o such_o vigour_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o side_n that_o at_o length_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o leave_v the_o welsh_a in_o possession_n of_o the_o castle_n short_o after_o this_o run_v the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n a_o youth_n of_o excellent_a hope_n and_o incomparable_a qualification_n dye_v who_o death_n his_o father_n take_v so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o for_o some_o time_n he_o seem_v to_o be_v past_o all_o comfort_n be_v fall_v into_o such_o a_o melancholy_a disposition_n that_o he_o be_v divert_v with_o nothing_o but_o retirement_n but_o a_o accident_n fall_v out_o which_o rouse_v he_o out_o of_o this_o lethargical_a fit_a of_o sorrow_n and_o discontent_n the_o castle_n of_o mould_n be_v so_o very_o strong_a and_o well_o garrison_v by_o the_o english_a that_o it_o mighty_o annoy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o and_o have_v be_v frequent_o besiege_v but_o can_v never_o be_v take_v prince_n owen_n at_o this_o time_n levy_v a_o army_n and_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o it_o and_o the_o garrison_n for_o several_a assault_n behave_v itself_o so_o manful_o that_o the_o place_n seem_v impregnable_a and_o invincible_a but_o the_o presence_n and_o example_n of_o prince_n owen_n so_o encourage_v his_o man_n that_o they_o fall_v on_o with_o all_o possible_a vigour_n and_o may_v and_o at_o last_o force_v their_o entrance_n into_o the_o castle_n have_v put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o take_v the_o rest_n prisoner_n the_o castle_n be_v raze_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o this_o fortunate_a attempt_n so_o please_v the_o prince_n that_o he_o forget_v all_o sorrow_n for_o his_o son_n and_o return_v to_o his_o usual_a temper_n and_o accustom_a merriment_n at_o the_o same_o time_n king_n stephen_n of_o england_n obtain_v a_o remarkable_a victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n at_o farendon_n and_o although_o the_o ensue_a year_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o he_o be_v reconcile_v yet_o he_o think_v it_o more_o adviseable_a to_o detain_v he_o prisoner_n though_o contrary_a to_o his_o promise_n until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o earl_n will_v deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n of_o lincoln_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n in_o his_o custody_n a.d._n 1146_o the_o next_o year_n cadelh_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n bring_v a_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o gwys_n but_o find_v themselves_o too_o weak_a to_o master_v it_o they_o desire_v howel_n son_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n a_o person_n famous_o remarkable_a for_o martial_a endowment_n to_o come_v to_o their_o assistance_n howel_n who_o be_v ever_o very_o desirous_a to_o signalise_v himself_o and_o to_o evidence_n his_o valour_n to_o the_o world_n ready_o consent_v to_o their_o request_n and_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o march_v direct_o towards_o
gwys_n where_o be_v arrive_v he_o be_v joyful_o receive_v and_o honourable_o entertain_v by_o such_o lord_n as_o desire_v his_o help_n have_v view_v the_o strength_n and_o fortification_n of_o the_o castle_n he_o find_v it_o be_v impracticable_a to_o take_v the_o place_n without_o the_o wall_n can_v be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o he_o give_v order_n that_o certain_a batter_a engine_n shall_v be_v provide_v whilst_o the_o rest_n shall_v gall_v and_o molest_v the_o besiege_v by_o throw_v of_o great_a stone_n into_o the_o castle_n the_o enemy_n perceive_v what_o irresistible_a preparation_n the_o besieger_n contrive_v think_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o withstand_v their_o fury_n and_o therefore_o to_o do_v that_o voluntary_o which_o must_v be_v do_v by_o compulsion_n they_o present_o yield_v up_o the_o castle_n short_o after_o this_o a_o great_a difference_n happen_v betwixt_o the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n howel_n and_o conan_n and_o their_o uncle_n cadwallader_n whereupon_o the_o former_a enter_v with_o a_o army_n into_o the_o country_n of_o merionyth_n and_o commit_v great_a waste_v and_o hostility_n there_o insomuch_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n flock_v into_o sanctuary_n to_o save_v their_o life_n but_o the_o young_a lord_n find_v what_o fearful_a and_o unstable_a condition_n the_o people_n be_v in_o and_o the_o better_a to_o draw_v they_o to_o their_o side_n issue_v out_o their_o proclamation_n assure_v that_o all_o who_o will_v favour_v their_o country_n shall_v not_o only_o enjoy_v their_o life_n but_o their_o former_a liberty_n and_o accustom_a privilege_n upon_o the_o publication_n of_o which_o edict_n the_o people_n return_v to_o their_o own_o habitation_n have_v by_o this_o stratagem_n bring_v all_o the_o country_n under_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o good_a will_n they_o lead_v their_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o cynfael_n belong_v to_o cadwallader_n which_o he_o have_v build_v and_o strong_o fortify_v the_o government_n of_o this_o castle_n cadwallader_n have_v commit_v to_o merfyn_n abbot_n of_o tygwyn_n or_o the_o white-house_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o surrender_v by_o the_o brother_n howel_n and_o conan_n do_v not_o only_o refuse_v but_o defy_v their_o utmost_a effort_n upon_o the_o place_n the_o lord_n find_v they_o can_v do_v no_o good_a by_o threat_n and_o menace_n judge_v it_o more_o convenient_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o other_o extreme_a and_o therefore_o promise_v the_o abbot_n a_o very_a high_a reward_n if_o he_o will_v deliver_v the_o castle_n into_o their_o hand_n but_o all_o prove_v to_o no_o effect_n the_o abbot_n be_v a_o person_n of_o more_o honesty_n and_o great_a honour_n than_o to_o be_v corrupt_v to_o betray_v his_o trust_n tell_v they_o flat_o that_o he_o will_v not_o deceive_v his_o master_n expectation_n and_o therefore_o will_v choose_v rather_o to_o die_v with_o honour_n than_o to_o live_v with_o shame_n the_o lord_n find_v he_o inexorable_a and_o withal_o be_v vex_v that_o a_o churchman_n shall_v put_v such_o a_o stop_n to_o their_o fortunate_a proceed_n make_v such_o a_o vigorous_a assault_n upon_o the_o castle_n that_o after_o they_o have_v pull_v down_o some_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n they_o enter_v in_o by_o force_n and_o ravage_v so_o furious_o that_o they_o kill_v and_o wound_v the_o whole_a garrison_n the_o abbot_n only_o escape_v who_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n in_o howel_n army_n get_v away_o safe_a towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o year_n several_a person_n of_o note_n depart_v this_o life_n among_o who_o be_v robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n as_o also_o vchthryd_n bishop_n of_o llandaf_n a_o man_n of_o great_a piety_n and_o learning_n in_o who_o see_v succeed_v nicholas_n ab_fw-la gurgant_n a.d._n 1147_o the_o follow_a year_n also_o die_v bernard_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o david_n fitzgerald_n a.d._n 1148_o then_o archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n sometime_o after_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n build_v a_o castle_n in_o yale_n call_v castelh_n y_o rodwyth_n and_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n build_v another_o at_o lhanrystid_n and_o bestow_v his_o part_n of_o cardigan_n upon_o his_o son_n cadwgan_n also_o madoc_n the_o son_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n found_v the_o castle_n of_o oswestry_n and_o give_v his_o nephew_n owen_n and_o meyric_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n his_o share_n of_o cyfeilioc_n a.d._n 1149_o the_o next_o year_n conan_n son_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n for_o certain_a fault_n and_o miscarriage_n commit_v against_o his_o father_n though_o the_o particular_n be_v not_o discover_v be_v put_v in_o prison_n where_o for_o some_o time_n he_o continue_v in_o custody_n but_o it_o fare_v better_a with_o his_o brother_n howel_n who_o have_v make_v his_o uncle_n cadwallader_n his_o prisoner_n reduce_v all_o his_o country_n together_o with_o his_o castle_n subject_n to_o himself_o in_o south-wales_n some_o business_n of_o moment_n happen_v this_o year_n cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n have_v fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o carmardhyn_n march_v with_o his_o army_n towards_o cydwely_n waste_v and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o be_v return_v home_o join_v his_o army_n with_o his_o brother_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n who_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n of_o cardigan_n win_v that_o part_n call_v be_v aeron_n this_o be_v succeed_v by_o a_o action_n of_o great_a importance_n in_o north-wales_n some_o irreconcilable_a difference_n arise_v betwixt_o prince_n owen_n and_o rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n quick_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war._n the_o earl_n make_v all_o the_o possible_a preparation_n the_o opportunity_n will_v permit_v and_o draw_v together_o a_o considerable_a army_n from_o all_o part_n of_o england_n and_o which_o strengthen_v and_o encourage_v he_o the_o more_o he_o be_v join_v by_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n who_o disdain_v to_o hold_v his_o land_n of_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n choose_v rather_o to_o side_n with_o and_o abet_v his_o enemy_n the_o prince_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v not_o backward_o in_o his_o preparation_n and_o perceive_v the_o enemy_n to_o come_v upon_o he_o think_v it_o not_o advisable_v to_o suffer_v he_o to_o advance_v too_o far_o into_o the_o country_n but_o to_o stop_v and_o prevent_v his_o career_n before_o he_o shall_v take_v too_o firm_a a_o foot_n in_o his_o dominion_n to_o this_o end_n he_o march_v with_o his_o whole_a power_n as_o far_o as_o counsylht_v with_o full_a resolution_n to_o give_v the_o earl_n of_o chester_n battel_n which_o the_o english_a be_v glad_a of_o as_o think_v themselves_o far_o more_o numerous_a and_o much_o better_o arm_v and_o discipline_v than_o the_o welsh_a but_o both_o army_n have_v join_v battle_n they_o quick_o falter_v in_o their_o expectation_n of_o undoubted_a success_n and_o find_v the_o welsh_a to_o press_v so_o irresistible_o severe_a upon_o they_o they_o think_v it_o wise_a to_o retire_v and_o endeavour_v to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n but_o the_o welsh_a pursue_v they_o so_o hard_o that_o few_o escape_v without_o be_v either_o slay_v or_o take_v prisoner_n and_o they_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a commander_n who_o through_o the_o fleetness_n of_o their_o horse_n avoid_v the_o fury_n of_o their_o pursuer_n the_o next_o year_n the_o scene_n of_o action_n remove_v to_o a.d._n 1150_o south-wales_n cadelh_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v enter_v with_o a_o army_n into_o cardigan_n win_v all_o the_o country_n from_o howel_n the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n son_n except_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanfihangel_n in_o pengwern_n the_o siege_n of_o lhanrystyd_n castle_n prove_v so_o difficult_a and_o unmanagable_a that_o the_o young_a lord_n of_o south-wales_n lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o brave_a soldier_n before_o it_o which_o so_o trouble_v and_o vex_v they_o that_o when_o they_o get_v possession_n of_o the_o castle_n they_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o they_o march_v to_o ystratmerric_n castle_n which_o after_o they_o have_v win_v man_v and_o refortified_n they_o disband_v their_o force_n and_o return_v home_o but_o cadelh_n the_o elder_a of_o the_o brother_n be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o receive_v his_o last_o blow_n by_o treachery_n at_o home_n which_o he_o have_v escape_v from_o the_o enemy_n abroad_o for_o some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o tenbigh_n in_o pembroke_n shire_n have_v conceive_v some_o displeasure_n and_o hatred_n against_o cadelh_n be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o to_o lay_v a_o trap_n for_o his_o life_n and_o have_v observe_v what_o pleasure_n he_o take_v in_o hunt_v be_v resolve_v to_o execute_v their_o plot_n whilst_o he_o be_v hot_a and_o eager_a at_o his_o sport_n observe_v therefore_o one_o day_n how_o he_o go_v a_o hunt_n with_o only_a a_o few_o companion_n
they_o place_v themselves_o in_o a_o ambuscade_n and_o when_o the_o game_n come_v that_o way_n they_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o the_o unarmed_a sports-man_n and_o have_v easy_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n fly_v away_o they_o wound_v cadelh_n so_o cruel_o that_o he_o narrow_o escape_v their_o hand_n alive_a who_o make_v shift_n to_o get_v home_o lay_v for_o a_o long_a time_n dangerous_o ill_a and_o with_o great_a difficulty_n at_o length_n recover_v his_o life_n upon_o this_o his_o brother_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n pass_v with_o a_o army_n into_o gwyr_n and_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o they_o besiege_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o aberlhychwr_n but_o find_v they_o can_v not_o keep_v it_o they_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o after_o that_o return_v home_o with_o great_a booty_n to_o dynefawr_n and_o repair_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o castle_n there_o about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o howel_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n fortify_v humphry_n castle_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o caletwr_n a.d._n 1151_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n prince_n owen_n do_v a_o very_a barbarous_a action_n to_o cunetha_n his_o brother_n cadwalhon_n son_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o this_o young_a man_n shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n as_o his_o father_n be_v right_a he_o first_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o afterward_o castrate_v he_o for_o fear_v he_o shall_v beget_v any_o child_n who_o may_v some_o time_n or_o other_o renew_v their_o claim_n and_o right_a to_o cadwalhon_n estate_n this_o inhuman_a severity_n be_v succeed_v by_o another_o of_o no_o small_a remark_n lhewelyn_n son_n to_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n have_v watch_v a_o convenient_a opportunity_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v stephen_n the_o son_n of_o baldwin_n but_o cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n brother_n after_o a_o tedious_a imprisonment_n which_o he_o have_v sustain_v through_o the_o malice_n and_o rancour_n of_o his_o nephew_n howel_n at_o length_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o fly_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n bring_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o that_o island_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o prince_n owen_n hear_v how_o that_o his_o brother_n have_v get_v loose_a from_o custody_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o anglesey_n he_o present_o dispatch_v a_o army_n over_o which_o prove_v too_o formidable_a to_o cadwalader_n party_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o escape_v to_o england_n and_o to_o desire_v succour_n from_o his_o wife_n relation_n who_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n this_o year_n galfrede_n arthur_n common_o call_v geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n simon_n archdeacon_n of_o cyfeilioc_n a_o man_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n in_o his_o country_n die_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n a.d._n 1152_o of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o penwedic_n castle_n which_o belong_v to_o howel_n prince_n owen_n son_n and_o after_o great_a pain_n and_o considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n of_o their_o side_n at_o last_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o from_o thence_o they_o march_v by_o night_n to_o tenby_n and_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o the_o castle_n of_o which_o one_o william_n fitzgerald_n be_v governor_n they_o scale_v the_o wall_n before_o the_o garrison_n be_v aware_a of_o any_o danger_n and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o castle_n they_o fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o garrison_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o mischief_n they_o have_v do_v and_o further_o design_v to_o their_o brother_n cadelh_n for_o cadelh_n at_o this_o time_n be_v go_v upon_o a_o pilgrimage_n and_o during_o his_o absence_n have_v commit_v his_o whole_a inheritance_n and_o all_o other_o concern_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o care_n of_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n but_o after_o the_o take_a tenby-castle_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o two_o party_n with_o one_o of_o which_o rhys_n march_v to_o ystratcongen_n and_o after_o great_a havoc_n and_o waste_v commit_v there_o he_o pass_v to_o cyfeilioc_n which_o fare_v in_o like_a manner_n with_o ystratcongen_n meredith_n with_o the_o other_o party_n sit_v before_o aberavan-castle_n and_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n win_v and_o get_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o very_o considerable_a booty_n and_o many_o rich_a spoil_n about_o the_o same_o time_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o have_v live_v in_o continual_a enmity_n and_o frequent_a hostility_n with_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n leave_v his_o son_n hugh_n to_o enjoy_v both_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n in_o england_n and_o to_o prosecute_v the_o feud_n and_o hostility_n against_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1153_o and_o short_o after_o die_v meredith_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n and_o dyfed_a be_v not_o pass_v the_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o person_n of_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o audacity_n and_o in_o all_o his_o warlike_a attempt_n and_o achievement_n very_o fortunate_a he_o be_v present_o follow_v by_o geoffrey_n bishop_n of_o llandaf_n a_o man_n as_o famous_a for_o learning_n and_o a_o good_a life_n as_o the_o other_o be_v for_o masculine_a bravery_n and_o martial_a prowess_n in_o england_n the_o face_n of_o thing_n look_v very_o lower_v henry_n surname_v shortmantel_n the_o empress_n son_n land_v in_o england_n and_o in_o his_o progress_n through_o the_o country_n take_v several_a castle_n among_o which_o be_v malmesbury_n wallingford_n and_o shrewsbury_n but_o his_o fury_n be_v quick_o appease_v by_o the_o death_n of_o eustace_n king_n stephen_n son_n so_o that_o the_o sole_a obstacle_n for_o his_o succeed_a to_o the_o crown_n be_v now_o remove_v he_o willing_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n stephen_n permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n peaceable_o for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n a._n d_o 1154_o that_o himself_o be_v declare_v his_o successor_n but_o king_n stephen_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v this_o treaty_n and_o then_o henry_n plantagenet_n the_o empress_z son_n be_v crown_v in_o a.d._n 1155_o his_o stead_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n rhys_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n king_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o apprehension_n that_o owen_n gwynedh_n have_v raise_v a_o army_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n draw_v together_o all_o his_o strength_n and_o march_v to_o aberdyfi_n to_o face_v the_o enemy_n upon_o their_o own_o border_n but_o find_v the_o rumour_n to_o be_v false_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n have_v build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberdyfi_n which_o may_v defend_v the_o frontier_n from_o any_o future_a design_n of_o his_o country_n he_o return_v back_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n far_o at_o the_o same_o time_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n build_v a_o castle_n at_o caereneon_n near_o cymer_n and_o then_o eglwys_n fair_a in_o myfot_o be_v found_v about_o this_o time_n also_o meyric_n nephew_n to_o prince_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o prison_n wherein_o he_o have_v be_v detain_v by_o his_o uncle_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o same_o year_n king_n henry_n be_v displease_v with_o the_o fleming_n who_o his_o predecessor_n king_n stephen_n have_v bring_v over_o into_o england_n issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n charge_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o depart_v his_o dominion_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o countryman_n in_o west-wales_n where_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o bastard_n son_n have_v plant_v they_o and_o thus_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n call_v pembrokeshire_n be_v overrun_v with_o these_o stranger_n who_o be_v better_a befriend_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n than_o the_o welsh_a can_v well_o expect_v to_o be_v make_v sure_a foot_n in_o that_o country_n where_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v firm_a it_o be_v the_o english_a policy_n of_o those_o time_n to_o accept_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o curb_v and_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a who_o they_o experience_v to_o be_v none_o of_o the_o safe_a neighbour_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v grant_v any_o land_n and_o privilege_n in_o wales_n to_o any_o that_o will_v accept_v of_o they_o which_o honest_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o bestow_v but_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o in_o detriment_n to_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1156_o for_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n henry_n raise_v a_o very_a great_a army_n which_o he_o gather_v from_o all_o part_n of_o england_n with_o purpose_n to_o subdue_v all_o north-wales_n be_v principal_o move_v hereto_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o cadwallader_n the_o prince_n brother_n who_o owen_n gwynedh_n for_o what_o reason_n not_o
know_v deprive_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o banish_v the_o country_n also_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n who_o malign_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o own_a subjection_n to_o no_o other_o than_o the_o king_n of_o england_n whereas_o those_o of_o powis_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n do_v joint_o consent_v to_o this_o invitation_n the_o king_n of_o england_n accept_v of_o their_o proposal_n lead_v his_o army_n to_o west-chester_n and_o encamp_v upon_o the_o marsh_n call_v saltney_n in_o welsh_a morfa-caer-lleon_a prince_n owen_n all_o this_o while_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o this_o intend_a invasion_n and_o therefore_o have_v make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n he_o march_v his_o army_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o england_n and_o encamp_v at_o basingwerk_n resolve_v to_o give_v the_o english_a battle_n king_n henry_n understanding_n of_o the_o prince_n resolution_n detach_v some_o of_o the_o chief_a troop_n out_o of_o the_o main-body_n under_o the_o command_n of_o several_a earl_n and_o other_o lord_n and_o send_v they_o towards_o the_o prince_n camp_n but_o after_o they_o have_v advance_v some_o little_a way_n and_o be_v pass_v through_o a_o wood_n call_v coed-eulo_a david_n and_o conan_n prince_n owen_n son_n unexpected_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o what_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o suddeness_n of_o the_o action_n the_o english_a be_v bear_v down_o with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n and_o those_o who_o survive_v narrow_o escape_v to_o the_o king_n camp_n this_o be_v a_o very_a unwelcome_a beginning_n to_o king_n henry_n but_o however_o in_o order_n to_o prosper_v better_a hereafter_o he_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o decamp_v from_o saltney_n and_o to_o rank_v his_o troop_n along_o the_o sea-coast_n think_v thereby_o to_o get_v betwixt_o prince_n owen_n and_o his_o country_n which_o if_o he_o can_v effect_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o reduce_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o very_a great_a inconveniency_n but_o the_o prince_n foresee_v the_o danger_n of_o this_o retire_v with_o his_o army_n to_o a_o place_n call_v cîl_a owen_n that_o be_v owen_n retreat_n which_o when_o king_n henry_n perceive_v he_o let_v fall_v his_o design_n 5._o lib._n 2._o cap._n 5._o and_o come_v to_o ruthlan_n w._n parnus_n write_v that_o in_o this_o expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a king_n henry_n be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n in_o pass_v through_o a_o strait_a at_o counsylth_n near_o flint_n where_o henry_n earl_n of_o essex_n who_o by_o inheritance_n enjoy_v the_o office_n of_o bear_v the_o standard_n of_o england_n be_v overcharge_v by_o the_o enemy_n cast_v down_o the_o same_o and_o flee_v this_o accident_n so_o encourage_v the_o welsh_a that_o they_o bear_v on_o so_o violent_o that_o the_o king_n himself_o narrow_o escape_v have_v of_o his_o party_n eustace_n fitz-john_n and_o rob._n curcie_o two_o valiant_a knight_n together_z with_o several_z other_o of_o his_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n slay_v in_o the_o action_n after_o this_o prince_n owen_n decamp_v from_o cîl_n owen_n and_o entrench_v himself_o upon_o bryn_n y_fw-fr pin_n where_o little_a of_o moment_n pass_v betwixt_o the_o two_o army_n only_o some_o slight_a skirmish_n happen_v frequent_o king_n henry_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n and_o during_o his_o stay_n there_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n sail_v with_o the_o english_a fleet_n to_o anglesey_n and_o have_v put_v some_o man_n on_o shore_n they_o burn_v two_o church_n and_o ravage_v part_n of_o the_o country_n about_o but_o they_o pay_v very_o dear_a for_o it_o for_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o island_n be_v meet_v together_o they_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o their_o return_n to_o their_o ship_n and_o cut_v they_o off_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o not_o one_o remain_v to_o bring_v tiding_n to_o the_o fleet_n of_o what_o have_v befall_v they_o but_o they_o on_o board_n quick_o perceive_v what_o have_v happen_v and_o therefore_o think_v it_o not_o very_o safe_a harbour_v upon_o that_o coast_n but_o judge_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o weigh_v anchor_n they_o present_o set_v sail_n for_o chester_n when_o they_o be_v arrive_v thither_o they_o find_v that_o a_o peace_n be_v actual_o conclude_v betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o prince_n owen_n upon_o these_o article_n that_o cadwallader_n shall_v have_v all_o his_o land_n restore_v to_o he_o and_o he_o receive_v to_o the_o favour_n and_o friendship_n of_o his_o brother_n then_o king_n henry_n leave_v the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n and_o basingwerk_n well_o man_v and_o fortify_v and_o have_v near_o the_o latter_a found_v a_o public_a structure_n for_o the_o order_n of_o knight_n templar_n return_v to_o england_n but_o the_o trouble_n of_o wales_n do_v not_o end_v with_o he_o for_o jorwerdh_n goch_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n who_o have_v take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n during_o this_o war_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o yale_n which_o be_v build_v by_o prince_n owen_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o next_o year_n commence_v with_o a_o very_a unfortunate_a a.d._n 1157_o action_n ifor_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n have_v long_o before_o cast_v a_o very_a wishful_a eye_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o morgan_n ab_fw-la owen_n be_v now_o resolve_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n what_o he_o have_v before_o contrive_v and_o as_o covetousness_n seldom_o bear_v any_o regard_n to_o virtue_n or_o honour_n he_o treacherous_o set_v upon_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o and_o with_o he_o fell_a gurgan_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n the_o most_o famous_a british_a poet_n of_o his_o time_n morgan_n estate_n ifor_n bestow_v upon_o his_o brother_n jorwerth_n who_o about_o the_o same_o time_n get_v also_o possession_n of_o the_o town_n of_o caerlheon_a but_o these_o inward_a and_o home-bread_n disturbance_n be_v quick_o mitigate_v by_o a_o general_a peace_n which_o be_v present_o after_o this_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n of_o wales_n rhys_n ab_fw-la gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n only_o except_v for_o this_o prince_n rhys_n who_o probable_o will_v not_o rely_v too_o far_o upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n fidelity_n refuse_v to_o consent_n to_o a_o peace_n but_o however_o to_o secure_v himself_o the_o best_a he_o can_v from_o the_o english_a who_o he_o have_v no_o small_a reason_n to_o be_v afraid_a of_o he_o think_v it_o his_o best_a prudence_n to_o issue_n out_o his_o order_n command_v his_o subject_n to_o remove_v their_o cattle_n and_o other_o effect_n to_o the_o wilderness_n of_o tywy_n where_o they_o be_v like_a to_o remain_v secure_a from_o the_o eye_n and_o reach_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v there_o long_o when_o he_o receive_v a_o more_o positive_a express_v from_o king_n henry_n command_v he_o to_o appear_v forthwith_o at_o his_o court_n and_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o proposal_n of_o peace_n before_o the_o joint_a force_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n be_v send_v to_o fetch_v he_o up_o prince_n rhys_n have_v receive_v such_o a_o threaten_a message_n think_v it_o now_o high_a time_n to_o repent_v of_o what_o he_o have_v afore_o so_o rash_o resolve_v upon_o and_o therefore_o after_o long_a consultation_n he_o judge_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o accept_v of_o the_o king_n proposal_n and_o to_o appear_v at_o court_n there_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o rhys_n who_o land_n heretofore_o lay_v scatter_v about_o and_o be_v intermix_v with_o other_o person_n be_v estate_n shall_v enjoy_v cantref_o mawr_z and_o any_o other_o cantref_o which_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v upon_o he_o but_o contrary_a to_o this_o article_n the_o king_n assign_v he_o several_a lordship_n and_o other_o land_n far_o remote_a from_o each_o other_o and_o particular_o intermix_v they_o with_o the_o estate_n of_o englishman_n who_o he_o be_v sure_a will_v be_v a_o watch_n and_o a_o curb_n to_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o prince_n rhys_n this_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a politic_a contrivance_n or_o king_n henry_n to_o keep_v under_o the_o high_a and_o restless_a spirit_n of_o rhys_n but_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o action_n do_v not_o so_o evident_o appear_v in_o break_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a article_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o chap_a and_o bestow_v that_o which_o be_v not_o just_o in_o his_o power_n to_o give_v but_o it_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a that_o the_o english_a of_o these_o time_n be_v main_o concern_v right_a or_o wrong_n to_o oppress_v and_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a of_o who_o mortal_a hatred_n to_o subjection_n they_o have_v so_o frequent_o and_o so_o cruel_o feel_v prince_n rhys_n be_v not_o at_o all_o ignorant_a of_o these_o
wrongful_a and_o deceitful_a deal_n of_o king_n henry_n but_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v unable_a to_o redress_v these_o grievance_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisible_a for_o a_o time_n to_o live_v quiet_o with_o a_o little_a than_o rash_o to_o hazard_v all_o but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o have_v opportunity_n either_o to_o demand_v redress_n from_o the_o king_n or_o else_o to_o endeavour_v it_o himself_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n for_o as_o soon_o as_o roger_n earl_n of_o clare_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o distribution_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v grant_v to_o prince_n rhys_n he_o come_v to_o king_n henry_n request_v of_o his_o majesty_n that_o he_o will_v grant_v he_o such_o land_n in_o wales_n as_o he_o can_v win_v by_o force_n of_o armâ—_n the_o king_n ready_o comply_v with_o his_o request_n be_v always_o very_o forward_o to_o grant_v any_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o curb_v and_o discommode_v the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o cardigan_n and_o have_v fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_a humphrey_n dyfi_n dynerth_n and_o lhanrhystyd_n he_o make_v several_a incursion_n into_o the_o country_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n walter_n clyfford_v who_o be_v governor_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n castle_n make_v inroad_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o prince_n rhys_n and_o after_o he_o have_v slay_v several_a of_o the_o welsh_a and_o make_v great_a waste_n in_o the_o country_n return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n prince_n rhys_n as_o he_o be_v unable_a to_o bear_v these_o outrage_n so_o he_o be_v resolve_v either_o to_o have_v immediate_a redress_n or_o else_o to_o proclaim_v open_a war_n against_o the_o english_a and_o therefore_o he_o send_v a_o express_a to_o king_n henry_n complain_v of_o the_o hostility_n which_o his_o subject_n the_o earl_n of_o clare_n and_o walter_n clifford_n have_v commit_v in_o in_o his_o country_n but_o find_v the_o king_n to_o put_v he_o still_o off_o with_o only_a smooth_a word_n and_o fair_a promise_n and_o that_o he_o always_o wink_v at_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n without_o any_o far_a consultation_n about_o the_o matter_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o in_o short_a time_n make_v himself_o matter_n of_o it_o also_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n rhy_n brother_n son_n and_o a_o person_n of_o great_a valour_n be_v desirous_a to_o free_v his_o country_n from_o that_o miserable_a servitude_n they_o now_o groan_v under_o and_o judge_v withal_o that_o his_o uncle_n be_v now_o discharge_v from_o the_o oath_n he_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n sit_v before_o the_o castle_n of_o humphrey_n and_o have_v forcible_o make_v his_o entrance_n into_o it_o he_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n where_o he_o find_v a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o armour_n enough_o to_o arm_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n and_o whilst_o eineon_n be_v thus_o engage_v at_o humphrey_n castle_n prince_n rhys_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v not_o enjoy_v any_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n but_o what_o he_o afterward_o get_v by_o the_o sword_n draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o and_o enter_v cardigan_n where_o like_o a_o most_o violent_a torrent_n he_o overrun_v the_o country_n that_o he_o leave_v not_o one_o castle_n stand_v of_o those_o which_o his_o enemy_n have_v fortify_v and_o so_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n king_n henry_n be_v sore_o offend_v at_o the_o progress_n which_o prince_n rhys_n so_o sudden_o make_v against_o he_o return_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o south-wales_n but_o find_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o prince_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v all_o that_o he_o have_v get_v and_o only_o to_o take_v hostage_n for_o his_o observe_v of_o peace_n during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o prince_n rhys_n promise_v to_o do_v he_o forthwith_o return_v to_o england_n and_o soon_o after_o go_v for_o normandy_n where_o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n a.d._n 1158_o but_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o his_o promise_n to_o king_n henry_n last_o year_n lead_v his_o force_n to_o dyfed_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o castle_n that_o the_o norman_n have_v fortify_v in_o that_o country_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o caermardhyn_n but_o reynold_n earl_n of_o bristol_n the_o king_n be_v base_a son_n be_v inform_v of_o it_o call_v together_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n his_o brother-in-law_n cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales's_a brother_n howel_n and_o conan_n owen_n son_n with_o two_o earl_n more_o who_o with_o their_o joint_a force_n march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o prince_n rhys_n be_v wise_a than_o to_o abide_v their_o come_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o first_o intimation_n of_o such_o great_a opposition_n he_o retire_v to_o the_o mountain_n call_v cefn_n rester_fw-fr and_o there_o encamp_v be_v sufficient_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n by_o the_o natural_a fortification_n of_o the_o place_n the_o confederate_a army_n lie_v at_o dynwylhîr_n and_o there_o build_v a_o castle_n but_o find_v no_o news_n or_o tiding_n of_o prince_n rhys_n they_o return_v home_o without_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o note_n king_n henry_n be_v still_o in_o normandy_n and_o there_o make_v war_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n for_o the_o city_n and_o earldom_n of_o tholouse_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o year_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o powis_n die_v at_o winchester_n whence_o his_o body_n be_v honourable_o convey_v to_o powis_n and_o bury_v at_o myfod_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n very_o much_o affect_v to_o piety_n and_o religion_n very_o charitable_a to_o the_o necessitous_a and_o good_a to_o the_o distress_a but_o his_o great_a fault_n be_v that_o he_o stickle_v too_o hard_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o english_a and_o be_v always_o in_o confederacy_n with_o king_n henry_n against_o the_o good_a success_n of_o his_o native_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n three_o son_n gruffydh_n maylor_n owen_n and_o elis_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v mar_v he_o have_v also_o three_o natural_a son_n owen_n brogynton_n cynwric_n efelh_n and_o eineon_n efelh_n who_o though_o base_a bear_v yet_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n co-inherited_n with_o their_o brethren_n who_o be_v legitimate_a and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o once_o for_o all_o to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o principality_n afterward_o the_o lordship_n of_o powis_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o share_n and_o portion_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v so_o irrecoverable_o break_v and_o weaken_v that_o it_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o norman_n before_o the_o rest_n of_o wales_n for_o powis_n before_o king_n offa_n time_n reach_v eastward_o to_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o dee_n in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o end_n of_o broxen_n hill_n to_o salop_n and_o comprehend_v all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o wye_n and_o severn_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o estate_n of_o brochwel_n yscithroc_n of_o who_o mention_n be_v make_v before_o but_o after_o the_o make_n of_o offa_n dike_n powis_n be_v contract_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n the_o plain_a country_n towards_o salop_n be_v inhabit_v by_o saxon_n and_o norman_n so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o it_o reach_v north-east_n from_o pulford-bridge_n to_o lhangiric-parish_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o cardiganshire_n to_o the_o south-west_n and_o the_o breadth_n from_o the_o far_a part_n of_o cyfeilioc_n westward_n to_o elsmere_n on_o the_o east-side_n this_o principality_n roderic_n the_o great_a give_v to_o his_o young_a son_n merfyn_n in_o who_o posterity_n it_o remain_v entire_a till_o the_o death_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n who_o though_o he_o have_v divide_v it_o betwixt_o his_o son_n meredith_n and_o cadwgan_n yet_o it_o come_v again_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o the_o possession_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n but_o he_o again_o break_v the_o union_n and_o leave_v it_o between_o his_o two_o son_n madawe_n and_o gruffydh_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v to_o susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o have_v with_o she_o that_o part_n afterward_o call_v by_o his_o name_n powis_n fadoc_n after_o his_o death_n this_o lordship_n be_v divide_v also_o betwixt_o his_o son_n gruffydh_n maelor_n owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n and_o owen_n brogynton_n which_o last_o though_o base_o bear_v have_v however_o for_o his_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o courage_n a_o share_n of_o his_o father_n estate_n namely_o
sixty_o eight_o and_o in_o she_o right_o create_v he_o lord_n powy_n this_o john_n charleton_n lord_n powy_n be_v aid_v and_o support_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n quick_o break_v all_o their_o measure_n and_o have_v take_v lhewelyn_n john_n and_o david_n his_o wife_n uncle_n he_o put_v they_o in_o safe_a custody_n in_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o harlech_n and_o then_o obtain_v a_o writ_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o shropshire_n and_o to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n lord_n of_o chirkland_n and_o justice_n of_o north-wales_n for_o the_o apprehension_n of_o gruffydh_n fychan_n with_o his_o son_n in_o law_n sir_n roger_n chamber_n and_o hugh_n montgomery_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a hostility_n against_o he_o and_o his_o wife_n hawys_n but_o gruffydh_n fychan_n and_o his_o accomplice_n suspect_v their_o own_o strength_n and_o have_v lose_v thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n their_o main_a support_n think_v it_o most_o advisable_a to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n touch_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o they_o and_o hawys_n who_o find_v upon_o record_n how_o that_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ancestor_n to_o the_o say_v hawys_n upon_o his_o submission_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o thereupon_o be_v create_v baron_n of_o powy_n which_o barony_n he_o and_o his_o posterity_n have_v ever_o since_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la from_o the_o king_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o hawys_n have_v more_o right_o to_o her_o father_n possession_n now_o in_o their_o hand_n than_o any_o pretence_n they_o can_v lay_v to_o her_o estate_n but_o to_o make_v a_o final_a determination_n of_o this_o matter_n and_o to_o compose_v the_o difference_n more_o amicable_o betwixt_o they_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o hawys_n shall_v enjoy_v her_o inheritance_n in_o fee-simple_a to_o she_o and_o her_o heir_n for_o ever_o after_o the_o tenure_n of_o england_n and_o that_o her_o uncle_n lhewelyn_n john_n david_n and_o gruffydh_n shall_v quiet_o enjoy_v their_o portion_n and_o the_o same_o to_o descend_v to_o their_o heir_n males_n perpetual_o but_o in_o default_n of_o such_o heir_n males_n the_o same_o be_v to_o descend_v to_o hawys_n and_o her_o heir_n but_o william_n lord_n of_o mowdhwy_a the_o four_o brother_n call_v otherwise_o wilcock_n mowdhwy_a because_o he_o do_v not_o join_v with_o the_o rest_n against_o hawys_n have_v all_o his_o land_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o to_o all_o his_o heir_n both_o male_a and_o female_a for_o ever_o he_o marry_v elinor_n the_o sister_n of_o elen_n owen_n glyndwr_n mother_n who_o be_v lineal_o descend_v from_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n john_n de_fw-fr mowdhwy_fw-fr who_o daughter_n elizabeth_n be_v heir_n to_o his_o whole_a estate_n be_v marry_v to_o one_o sir_n hugh_n burgh_n knight_n his_o son_n sir_n john_n burgh_n lord_n of_o mowdhwy_a marry_v jane_n the_o daughter_n of_o sir_n william_n clapton_n of_o glocestershire_n by_o who_o he_o have_v four_o daughter_n elizabeth_n ancreda_n isabel_n and_o elinor_n the_o first_o of_o who_o be_v marry_v to_o thomas_n newport_n the_o second_o to_o john_n leighton_n of_o stretton_n the_o three_o to_o john_n lingen_n and_o the_o young_a to_o tho._n mytton_n who_o by_o equal_a distribution_n have_v the_o lordship_n of_o mowdhwy_a divide_v betwixt_o they_o but_o john_n charleton_n lord_n of_o powy_n have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n hawys_n a_o son_n name_v john_n who_o enjoy_v the_o same_o lordship_n for_o about_o seven_o year_n and_o then_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o powy_n fourteen_o year_n and_o than_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o son_n call_v also_o john_n charleton_n who_o enjoy_v his_o father_n estate_n twenty_o seven_o year_n but_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n fall_v to_o his_o brother_n edward_n charleton_n this_o edward_n have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n elinor_n the_o daughter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o heir_n of_o thomas_n earl_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o widow_n of_o roger_n mortimer_n earl_n of_o march_n two_o daughter_n jane_n and_o joyce_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v to_o sir_n john_n grace_n knight_n and_o the_o second_o to_o john_n lord_n tipâ—oft_a who_o son_n be_v by_o king_n henry_n vi_o create_a earl_n of_o worcester_n but_o after_o the_o death_n of_o elinor_n this_o edward_n lord_n powy_n marry_v elizabeth_n the_o daughter_n of_o sir_n john_n barkley_n knight_n and_o so_o after_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1420._o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o his_o widow_n elizabeth_n have_v for_o her_o jointure_n lhannorch_n hudol_n ystrad_n marchelâ—_n deudhwr_n and_o teirtref_o and_o be_v afterward_o marry_v to_o lord_n dudley_n jane_n his_o elder_a daughter_n have_v caereneon_n mechain_n mochnant_n and_o flasdinas_n and_o joyce_n have_v cyfeilioc_n and_o arust_o but_o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n continue_v in_o the_o family_n of_o sir_n john_n grace_n for_o five_o descent_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n jane_n the_o last_o of_o who_o edward_n grace_n lord_n powy_n marry_v anne_n one_o of_o the_o daughter_n and_o coheir_n of_o charles_n brandon_n duke_n of_o suffolk_n and_o die_v without_o any_o lawful_a issue_n 284._o dugdale_n bar._n engl._n tom._n ii_o p._n 284._o this_o edward_n lord_n powy_n in_o 15_o henry_n viii_o accompany_v the_o duke_n of_o suffolk_n in_o the_o expedition_n then_o make_v into_o france_n and_o be_v at_o the_o take_n of_o bray_n and_o other_o place_n then_o win_v from_o the_o french_a and_o in_o 36_o henry_n viii_o be_v again_o ready_a to_o march_v in_o the_o king_n service_n he_o make_v his_o last_o testament_n whereby_o he_o settle_v the_o succession_n of_o his_o whole_a barony_n and_o lordship_n of_o powy_n his_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o pool_n with_o divers_a other_o lordship_n in_o the_o county_n of_o montgomery_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o the_o county_n of_o salop_n upon_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o own_o body_n lawful_o beget_v or_o to_o be_v beget_v and_o in_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n his_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o charlton_n and_o pontisbury_n in_o shropshire_n upon_o jane_n orwell_n daughter_n of_o sir_n lewis_n orwell_n knight_n and_o her_o assign_v during_o her_o natural_a life_n and_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v die_v without_o any_o issue_n of_o his_o own_o body_n lawful_o beget_v that_o then_o edward_n grey_n his_o illegitimate_a son_n by_o the_o same_o jane_n orwell_n shall_v have_v and_o enjoy_v his_o say_a barony_n and_o manor_n of_o powy_n his_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o pool_n and_o all_o other_o his_o lordship_n in_o the_o county_n of_o montgomery_n with_o the_o reversion_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o charlton_n and_o pontysbury_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n lawful_o beget_v and_o for_o lack_v of_o such_o issue_n to_o remain_v to_o that_o child_n in_o case_n it_o shall_v be_v a_o son_n wherewith_o the_o same_o jane_n orwell_n be_v then_o great_a by_o he_o and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n lawful_o beget_v but_o if_o it_o shall_v not_o prove_v a_o son_n or_o if_o the_o son_n die_v without_o issue_n then_o that_o the_o whole_a barony_n of_o powy_n and_o all_o the_o premise_n beforementioned_a shall_v come_v to_o jane_n grey_n his_o daughter_n and_o to_o the_o heir_n of_o her_o body_n lawful_o beget_v and_o for_o lack_v of_o such_o issue_n to_o anne_n grey_n his_o other_o daughter_n and_o the_o heir_n of_o her_o body_n lawful_o beget_v and_o last_o for_o default_n of_o such_o issue_n to_o such_o woman-child_n as_o shall_v be_v bear_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o say_v jane_n orwell_n but_o after_o edward_n grey_n the_o title_n of_o lord_n of_o powy_n lay_v extinct_a to_o the_o five_o year_n of_o k._n charles_n i._n when_o sir_n william_n herbert_n son_n of_o sir_n edward_n herbert_n of_o redcastle_n ancient_o call_v pool-castle_n now_o powys-castle_n in_o the_o county_n of_o montgomery_n second_o son_n to_o william_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o title_n of_o lord_n powy_n of_o powy_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n in_o who_o family_n it_o still_o continue_v though_o the_o title_n have_v be_v change_v from_o a_o baron_n to_o a_o earl_n and_o since_o to_o a_o marquis_n about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n dye_v cadwalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n who_o have_v be_v for_o some_o considerable_a time_n at_o variance_n with_o his_o brother_n eineon_n clyd_v be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o he_o who_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n but_o the_o prince_n be_v willing_a to_o gratify_v the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o interest_n cadwalhon_n have_v
as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v oppose_v send_v he_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n to_o be_v imprison_v at_o winchester_n from_o whence_o he_o quick_o find_v a_o way_n to_o escape_v and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o return_v home_o to_o his_o country_n king_n henry_n continue_v all_o this_o while_n in_o normandy_n and_o during_o his_o stay_n there_o a_o match_n be_v conclude_v upon_o betwixt_o his_o son_n henry_n and_o margaret_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n king_n of_o france_n but_o this_o new_a alliance_n can_v not_o prevent_v these_o two_o monarch_n from_o a.d._n 1160_o fall_v at_o variance_n with_o each_o other_o which_o happen_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o thereupon_o king_n henry_n march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o gascoigne_n to_o quell_v certain_a rebel_n who_o upon_o first_o notice_n of_o this_o breach_n between_o both_o king_n be_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o the_o english_a but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o peace_n be_v again_o conclude_v and_o so_o all_o thing_n return_v to_o their_o former_a state_n of_o a.d._n 1161_o amity_n and_o quietness_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o wales_n for_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o jevaf_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi athlestlan_n glodryth_n have_v get_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o castle_n of_o walwern_n in_o cyfeilioc_n raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o so_o incense_v prince_n owen_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o it_o that_o nothing_o can_v lay_v his_o fury_n till_o he_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o and_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o lhandhinam_n in_o arust_o howel_n country_n which_o he_o cruel_o harrass_v and_o carry_v away_o considerable_a booty_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n perceive_v these_o devastation_n of_o the_o north-wales_n man_n come_v together_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 300_o man_n offer_v their_o service_n to_o their_o natural_a lord_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jefaf_fw-mi who_o upon_o this_o addition_n of_o strength_n follow_v the_o enemy_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o severn_n where_o they_o be_v encamp_v prince_n owen_n find_v they_o to_o march_v after_o he_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o opportunity_n to_o be_v further_o revenge_v upon_o howel_n and_o so_o turn_v sudden_o upon_o they_o he_o slay_v about_o two_o hundred_o man_n the_o rest_n narrow_o escape_v with_o howel_n to_o the_o wood_n and_o rock_n owen_n be_v more_o joyful_a for_o the_o revenge_n he_o have_v take_v of_o howel_n than_o for_o any_o victory_n he_o have_v gain_v rebuilt_a walwern_n castle_n and_o have_v well_o fortify_v and_o man_v it_o return_v home_o to_o north-wales_n a.d._n 1162_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o like_a thing_n happen_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n common_o call_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n o_o wynedh_n together_o with_o owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n set_v upon_o carrechofa_n castle_n near_o oswestry_n and_o have_v overpower_a the_o garrison_n commit_v great_a waste_n and_o destruction_n therein_o but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o pleasant_a passage_n happen_v in_o england_n robert_n mountford_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr essex_n who_o have_v both_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o both_o run_v begin_v now_o to_o impeach_v each_o other_o as_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o fly_v the_o dispute_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o combat_n in_o which_o be_v engage_v henry_n be_v overcome_v and_o for_o his_o false_a accuse_v of_o robert_n he_o be_v sentence_v to_o have_v his_o estate_n forfeit_v and_o then_o have_v his_o crown_n shear_v he_o be_v enter_v a_o monk_n at_o redding_n within_o a_o little_a after_o king_n henry_n calling_z to_o mind_n what_o prince_n rhys_n have_v commit_v during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n draw_v up_o a_o great_a army_n against_o south-wales_n and_o have_v march_v as_o far_o as_o pencadyr_n near_o brecknock_n rhys_n meet_v he_o and_o do_v his_o homage_n and_o have_v deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o his_o future_a behaviour_n stop_v the_o king_n far_a progress_n so_o that_o thence_o he_o return_v to_o england_n but_o after_o the_o king_n departure_n two_o very_a unlucky_a accident_n happen_v in_o wales_n eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi nephew_n to_o prince_n rhys_n be_v villainous_o murder_v in_o his_o bed_n by_o his_o own_o servant_n called_z walter_z ap_fw-mi lhywarch_n as_o also_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n in_o like_a manner_n by_o one_o walter_z ap_fw-mi riccart_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o nephew_n prince_n rhys_n make_v up_o by_o possess_v himself_o of_o that_o large_a country_n call_v cantref_o maâ—r_a and_o the_o land_n of_o dynefowr_n which_o he_o afterward_o enjoy_v of_o man_n of_o learning_n there_o die_v this_o year_n cadifor_n ap_fw-mi daniel_n archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n and_o henry_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n the_o great_a scholar_n that_o have_v flourish_v in_o wales_n for_o many_o year_n the_o next_o year_n a_o total_a rupture_n break_v forth_o betwixt_o a.d._n 1163_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a prince_n rhys_n a_o man_n of_o a_o active_a and_o uncontrollable_a spirit_n be_v now_o experimental_o sensible_a he_o can_v never_o carry_v on_o the_o greatness_n and_o grandeur_n of_o his_o quality_n with_o such_o land_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v allot_v he_o make_v a_o invasion_n into_o the_o lordship_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr acre_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v move_v thereto_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o nephew_n anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi be_v murder_v by_o his_o motive_n and_o instigation_n be_v advance_v with_o a_o strong_a army_n into_o the_o earl_n of_o glocester_n estate_n without_o any_o great_a opposition_n he_o take_v aberheidol_n castle_n with_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o son_n of_o wyhyaon_n all_o which_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n thence_o he_o march_v to_o cardigan_n bring_v all_o that_o country_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o march_v against_o the_o fleming_n who_o country_n he_o cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o wales_n perceive_v prince_n rhys_n to_o prosper_v so_o successful_o against_o the_o english_a think_v they_o may_v equal_o succeed_v and_o shake_v off_o the_o english_a yoke_n which_o so_o unreasonable_o oppress_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o cast_v off_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a who_o tyranny_n they_o can_v no_o long_o bear_v and_o to_o put_v over_o they_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o superiority_n they_o can_v better_o tolerate_v and_o so_o this_o year_n conclude_v with_o make_v suitable_a preparation_n for_o the_o follow_a campaign_n a.d._n 1164_o and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o time_n of_o year_n for_o action_n be_v advance_v david_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n fall_v upon_o flintshire_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o carry_v off_o all_o the_o people_n and_o cattle_n with_o he_o bring_v they_o to_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n otherwise_o ruthyn_n land_n king_n henry_n understand_v this_o gather_v together_o his_o force_n and_o with_o all_o speed_n march_v to_o defend_v both_o his_o subject_n and_o town_n from_o the_o incursion_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v come_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o encamp_v there_o three_o day_n he_o quick_o perceive_v he_o can_v do_v no_o great_a matter_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o army_n be_v not_o sufficient_o numerous_a and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n and_o to_o augment_v his_o force_n before_o he_o shall_v attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o according_o he_o levy_v the_o most_o choose_a man_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n of_o england_n normandy_n anjou_n gascoin_n and_o gwien_n beside_o those_o succour_n from_o flanders_n and_o britain_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o for_o north-wales_n purpose_v to_o destroy_v without_o mercy_n every_o live_a thing_n he_o can_v possible_o meet_v with_o and_o be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o croes-oswalt_n call_v oswestry_n he_o encamp_v there_o on_o the_o other_o side_n prince_z owen_z and_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o north-wales_n prince_n rhys_n with_o those_o of_o south-wales_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o powy_n the_o two_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n with_o the_o people_n live_v betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o wye_n meet_v together_o and_o pitch_v their_o camp_n at_o corwen_n in_o edeyrneon_n intend_v unanimous_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n understanding_n that_o they_o be_v so_o near_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o come_v to_o battle_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o remove_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ceireoc_n cause_v all_o the_o wood_n thereabouts_o to_o be_v cut_v down_o for_o fear_v of_o
any_o ambushment_n lurk_v therein_o and_o for_o a_o more_o clear_a prospect_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o some_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n who_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o passage_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o officer_n fall_v upon_o the_o king_n guard_n where_o all_o the_o pike-man_n be_v post_v and_o after_o a_o hot_a skirmish_n several_z be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o king_n win_v the_o passage_n and_o so_o march_v on_o to_o the_o mountain_n of_o berwyn_n where_o he_o lie_v sometime_o without_o any_o hostility_n on_o either_o side_n both_o army_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o each_o other_o the_o english_a keep_v the_o open_a plain_n and_o be_v afraid_a to_o be_v entrap_v in_o the_o strait_n and_o narrow_a passage_n and_o the_o welsh_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n watch_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o observe_v the_o english_a so_o narrow_o that_o neither_o forage_v or_o victual_n can_v pass_v to_o the_o king_n camp_n and_o what_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o english_a army_n there_o happen_v to_o fall_v such_o a_o rain_n that_o mighty_o disturb_v their_o encampment_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o soldier_n can_v scarce_o stand_v for_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o those_o slippery_a hill_n but_o in_o the_o end_n king_n henry_n be_v force_v to_o decamp_v and_o after_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n and_o ammunition_n beside_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o this_o expedition_n be_v compel_v to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n but_o to_o express_v the_o great_a dissatisfaction_n he_o entertain_v of_o this_o enterprise_n in_o a_o great_a fury_n he_o pluck_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o hostage_n which_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o receive_v from_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v rhys_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o cynric_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o rhys_n of_o south-wales_n some_o write_v that_o in_o assail_a of_o a_o bridge_n the_o king_n be_v in_o no_o small_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n one_o of_o the_o welsh_a have_v aim_v direct_o at_o he_o be_v like_a to_o pierce_v he_o through_o the_o body_n have_v not_o hubert_n de_fw-fr clare_n constable_n of_o colchester_n who_o perceive_v the_o arrow_n a_o come_n thrust_v himself_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o it_o though_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n but_o though_o king_n henry_n be_v shameful_o force_v to_o return_v to_o england_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o give_v over_o the_o thought_n of_o subdue_a the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o after_o a_o long_a consultation_n he_o make_v a_o three_o expedition_n into_o wales_n convey_v his_o army_n by_o sea_n as_o far_o as_o chester_n there_o he_o stay_v for_o some_o time_n till_o all_o his_o fleet_n as_o well_o those_o ship_n that_o he_o have_v hire_v out_o of_o ireland_n as_o his_o own_o be_v all_o arrive_v but_o when_o they_o be_v all_o come_v together_o and_o get_v safe_o to_o chester_n his_o mind_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o a_o design_n against_o wales_n he_o unexpected_o dismiss_v his_o whole_a army_n prince_n rhys_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o opportunity_n and_o therefore_o withdraw_a his_o force_n from_o the_o confederate_a army_n he_o march_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o aberteifi_n castle_n which_o be_v surrender_v to_o he_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n from_o thence_o he_o get_v before_o cilgerran_n which_o he_o use_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o therein_o take_v prisoner_n robert_n the_o son_n of_o stephen_n his_o cousin-german_a who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o nest_n his_o aunt_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o gerald_n have_v marry_v stephen_n constable_n the_o joy_n of_o these_o happy_a success_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v somewhat_o cloud_v by_o the_o death_n of_o lhewelyn_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o exceed_o well_o belove_v of_o all_o his_o country_n a.d._n 1165_o and_o now_o the_o welsh_a be_v something_o secure_a from_o any_o invasion_n from_o the_o english_a there_o rise_v up_o another_o enemy_n to_o create_v they_o disturbance_n the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n find_v the_o english_a to_o fail_v in_o their_o attempt_n against_o the_o welsh_a think_v they_o may_v with_o better_a success_n quell_v and_o subdue_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o come_v to_o west-wales_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n which_o rhys_n have_v late_o fortify_v but_o after_o two_o different_a assault_n they_o be_v manful_o beat_v back_o and_o force_v to_o depart_v home_o again_o but_o what_o the_o fleming_n can_v not_o effect_v against_o the_o welsh_a in_o south-wales_n the_o welsh_a easy_o bring_v about_o against_o the_o english_a in_o north-wales_n for_o prince_n owen_n have_v besiege_v basingwerk_n castle_n then_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n without_o much_o time_n spend_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v always_o the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n abroad_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o quarrel_v and_o fall_v out_o at_o home_n though_o indeed_o it_o can_v not_o be_v well_o otherwise_o expect_v where_o so_o many_o petty_a state_n endeavour_v still_o to_o surmount_v and_o outvie_v one_o another_o and_o now_o when_o all_o thing_n go_v very_o successful_o of_o their_o side_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o english_a two_o ambitious_a person_n begin_v to_o kindle_v a_o flame_n in_o their_o own_o bosom_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maredith_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o owen_n fychan_n second_o son_n to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n forcible_o dispossess_v jorwerth_n goch_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o powy_n which_o they_o divide_v betwixt_o themselves_o mochnant_n vwch_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o mochnant_n be_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n fychan_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n can_v not_o brook_v this_o injury_n do_v to_o jorwerth_n goch_n and_o therefore_o a.d._n 1166_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n with_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n and_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n go_v with_o a_o army_n into_o powy_n against_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o have_v chase_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n they_o bestow_v caereneon_n upon_o owen_n fychan_n to_o hold_v it_o of_o prince_n owen_n and_o rhys_n have_v walwern_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o lay_v near_o his_o own_o territory_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n return_v with_o a_o numerous_a band_n of_o norman_n and_o english_a along_o with_o he_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o caereneon_n which_o he_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o place_n be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o take_n of_o ruthlan_n castle_n which_o owen_n rhys_n and_o cadwallader_n joint_o besiege_v and_o which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v and_o so_o manful_o defend_v that_o it_o cost_v they_o three_o month_n before_o they_o can_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o place_n afterward_o they_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o prestatyn_n and_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o tegengl_n subject_n to_o prince_n owen_n and_o then_o return_v home_o to_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o from_o henceforward_o nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v during_o the_o remainder_n of_o prince_n owen_n reign_n a.d._n 1167_o only_a his_o son_n conan_n most_o unmerciful_o slay_v vrgeney_n abbot_n of_o lhwythlawr_n together_o with_o his_o nephew_n lhawthen_n but_o a_o little_a after_o prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n a.d._n 1168_o release_v out_o of_o prison_n his_o nephew_n robert_n son_n to_o stephen_n constable_n who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o he_o have_v take_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o calgarran_n castle_n and_o send_v he_o to_o ireland_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o dermot_n the_o son_n of_o murchart_n king_n of_o linster_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o leimster_n with_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n morris_n fitz-gerald_n and_o their_o nephew_n robert_n meyler_n and_o raymond_n go_v over_o a_o strong_a detachment_n of_o welshman_n under_o the_o command_n of_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigule_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a motive_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n when_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n a.d._n 1169_o but_o the_o next_o year_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n in_o the_o two_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o a_o valorous_a prince_n ever_o fortunate_a and_o victorious_a in_o all_o his_o undertake_n insomuch_o as_o he_o never_o undertake_v any_o design_n but_o what_o he_o accomplish_v he_o have_v by_o different_a woman_n several_a issue_n who_o get_v themselves_o great_a esteem_n
to_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o city_n of_o dublyn_n the_o town_n of_o waterford_n with_o all_o such_o town_n and_o castle_n as_o he_o get_v in_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n whereupon_o the_o king_n restore_v to_o he_o all_o his_o land_n both_o in_o england_n and_o normandy_n and_o create_v he_o lord_n steward_n of_o ireland_n for_o this_o earl_n of_o strigule_n have_v late_o without_o the_o king_n permission_n go_v over_o to_o ireland_n and_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o dermott_n king_n of_o dublyn_n which_o king_n henry_n take_v in_o such_o a_o indignation_n that_o he_o present_o seize_v upon_o all_o his_o land_n in_o england_n and_o normandy_n therefore_o the_o king_n have_v now_o some_o foot_n in_o ireland_n the_o expedition_n be_v unanimous_o conclude_v upon_o and_o so_o the_o king_n set_v upon_o his_o journey_n and_o come_v towards_o wales_n he_o be_v receive_v by_o prince_n rhys_n who_o submission_n the_o king_n like_v so_o well_o that_o he_o present_o confirm_v to_o he_o all_o his_o land_n in_o south-wales_n to_o return_v the_o king_n favour_n rhys_n promise_v his_o majesty_n 300_o horse_n and_o 4000_o ox_n towards_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n for_o the_o sure_a payment_n of_o which_o he_o deliver_v fourteen_o pledge_n then_z king_n henry_n marching_z forward_z come_v to_o caeriheon_n upon_o vske_n and_o enter_v the_o town_n he_o dispossess_v the_o right_a owner_n jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n and_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o proper_a use_n place_v a_o garrison_n of_o his_o own_o man_n therein_o but_o jorwerth_n be_v not_o so_o easie-mouthed_a as_o to_o be_v so_o unreasonable_o curb_v by_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o depart_v in_o a_o great_a fury_n from_o the_o king_n presence_n he_o call_v to_o he_o his_o two_o son_n owen_n and_o howel_n who_o he_o have_v by_o angharad_n the_o daughter_n of_o vchtryd_v bishop_n of_o llandaf_n and_o his_o sister_n son_n morgan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n and_o bring_v together_o all_o the_o force_n they_o be_v able_a upon_o the_o king_n departure_n they_o enter_v the_o country_n and_o commit_v all_o the_o waste_n and_o destruction_n as_o they_o come_v along_o they_o at_o last_o come_v before_o caerlheon_n which_o when_o they_o take_v they_o use_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n spoil_v and_o destroy_v whatever_o they_o can_v meet_v with_o so_o that_o nothing_o escape_v their_o fury_n except_v the_o castle_n which_o they_o can_v not_o win_v the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n upon_o his_o journey_n to_o pembroke_n where_o be_v accompany_v by_o prince_n rhys_n he_o give_v he_o a_o grant_n of_o all_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n arust_o and_o eluel_n in_o recompense_n of_o all_o the_o civility_n and_o honour_n he_o pay_v he_o and_o so_o rhys_n return_v to_o aberteifi_n a_o town_n he_o have_v late_o win_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o there_o have_v prepare_v his_o present_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n he_o return_v again_o to_o pembrock_n have_v order_v eighty_o six_o horse_n to_o follow_v he_o which_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n he_o accept_v of_o thirty_o six_o of_o the_o choice_a and_o return_v the_o rest_n with_o great_a thanks_o the_o same_o day_n king_n henry_n go_v to_o s._n david_n and_o after_o he_o have_v offer_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o saint_n he_o dine_v with_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o gerald_n cousin-german_a to_o rhys_n whither_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strygile_n come_v from_o ireland_n to_o confer_v with_o the_o king_n within_o a_o while_n after_o king_n henry_n be_v entertain_v by_o rhys_n at_o the_o white-house_n restore_v to_o he_o his_o son_n howel_n who_o have_v be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n detain_v as_o a_o pledge_n and_o appoint_v he_o a_o certain_a day_n for_o payment_n of_o his_o tribute_n at_o which_o time_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o pledge_n shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n the_o day_n follow_v be_v the_o next_o after_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n luke_n the_o king_n go_v on_o board_n and_o the_o wind_n blow_v very_o favourable_o set_v sail_n for_o ireland_n and_o be_v safe_o arrive_v upon_o those_o coast_n he_o land_v at_o dublyn_n where_o he_o rest_v for_o that_o whole_a winter_n in_o order_n to_o make_v great_a preparation_n against_o the_o follow_a campaign_n but_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n and_o climate_n occasion_v such_o a_o rage_a distemper_n and_o infection_n among_o the_o soldier_n that_o to_o prevent_v the_o perish_a of_o his_o whole_a army_n a.d._n 1172_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o return_v with_o what_o speed_n he_o can_v back_o for_o england_n and_o so_o have_v ship_v off_o all_o his_o army_n and_o effect_n he_o loose_v anchor_n and_o land_v in_o wales_n in_o the_o passion_n week_n next_o year_n and_o come_v to_o pembrock_n he_o stay_v there_o on_o easter-day_n and_o then_o proceed_v upon_o his_o journey_n towards_o england_n rhys_n hear_v of_o the_o king_n return_n be_v very_o officious_a to_o pay_v he_o his_o devotion_n and_o will_v glad_o feign_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o who_o shall_v welcome_v he_o over_o and_o so_o meet_v with_o he_o at_o talacharn_n he_o express_v all_o the_o ceremony_n of_o duty_n and_o allegiance_n then_o the_o king_n pass_v on_o and_o as_o he_o come_v from_o caerdyf_n by_o the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vsk_n mean_v to_o leave_n wales_n in_o a_o peaceable_a condition_n he_o send_v for_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n who_o be_v the_o only_a person_n in_o open_a enmity_n against_o he_o and_o that_o upon_o very_o just_a ground_n will_v he_o to_o come_v and_o treat_v about_o a_o peace_n and_o assure_v he_o of_o a_o safe_a conduct_n for_o himself_o his_o son_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o associate_n jorwerth_n be_v willing_a to_o accept_v of_o the_o proposal_n and_o thereupon_o set_v forward_o to_o meet_v the_o king_n have_v send_v a_o express_a to_o his_o son_n owen_n a_o valorous_a young_a gentleman_n to_o meet_v he_o by_o the_o way_n owen_n according_a to_o his_o father_n order_n set_v forward_o on_o his_o journey_n with_o a_o small_a retinue_n without_o any_o thing_n of_o arm_n or_o weapon_n of_o war_n as_o think_v it_o folly_n to_o clog_v himself_o with_o such_o needless_a carriage_n when_o the_o king_n have_v promise_v a_o safe_a conduct_n but_o he_o do_v not_o find_v it_o so_o safe_a for_o as_o he_o pass_v the_o new_a castle_n upon_o vske_n the_o earl_n of_o bristol_n man_n who_o be_v garrison_v therein_o lay_v in_o wait_n for_o he_o as_o he_o come_v along_o and_o set_v cowardly_a upon_o he_o slay_v he_o with_o most_o of_o his_o company_n but_o some_o few_o escape_v to_o acquaint_v his_o father_n jorwerth_n of_o such_o a_o treacherous_a action_n who_o hear_v that_o his_o son_n be_v so_o base_o murder_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n be_v absolute_a promise_n of_o a_o safe_a passage_n without_o any_o far_a consultation_n about_o the_o matter_n present_o return_v home_o with_o howel_n his_o son_n and_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o will_v no_o long_o put_v any_o trust_n or_o confidence_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n or_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n promise_v to_o do_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n who_o be_v so_o cowardly_o cut_v off_o he_o present_o raise_v all_o the_o force_n that_o himself_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o friend_n be_v able_a to_o do_v and_o so_o enter_v into_o england_n he_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n all_o the_o country_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o hereford_n and_o gloucester_n but_o the_o king_n be_v so_o intent_n upon_o his_o return_n that_o he_o seem_v to_o take_v no_o great_a notice_n of_o what_o jorwerth_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o have_v by_o commission_n constitute_v lord_n rhys_n chief_a justice_n of_o all_o south-wales_n he_o forthwith_o take_v his_o journey_n to_o normandy_n about_o this_o time_n die_v cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n sometime_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o by_o his_o wife_n alice_z the_o daughter_n of_o richard_n clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v issue_n cunetha_n radulph_n and_o richard_n and_o by_o other_o woman_n cadfan_n cadwallader_n eineon_n meredith_n goch_n and_o cadwalhon_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n and_o jefan_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_fw-mi ap_fw-mi riryd_n surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o abergavenny_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o they_o take_v the_o whole_a garrison_n prisoner_n a.d._n 1173_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a difference_n and_o a_o fall_v out_o betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o his_o son_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o latter_a be_v uphold_v by_o
the_o queen_n his_o mother_n his_o brother_n geffrey_n and_o richard_n the_o french_a king_n the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n together_o with_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n william_n patrick_n with_o several_a other_o valiant_a knight_n and_o gentleman_n but_o the_o old_a king_n have_v a_o stout_a and_o a_o faithful_a army_n consist_v of_o almains_n and_o brabanter_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o dismay_v or_o discourage_v at_o such_o a_o seem_a storm_n and_o which_o make_v he_o more_o bold_a and_o adventurous_a he_o be_v join_v by_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o welshman_n which_o lord_n rhys_n have_v send_v he_o under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o son_n howel_n king_n henry_n overthrow_v his_o enemy_n in_o divers_a encounter_n and_o have_v either_o kill_v or_o take_v prisoner_n most_o of_o they_o who_o be_v rise_v up_o against_o he_o he_o easy_o dissipate_v the_o cloud_n which_o at_o first_o seem_v so_o black_a and_o threaten_a jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n be_v not_o very_o sorry_a to_o see_v the_o english_a clash_n and_o fall_v into_o civil_a dissension_n among_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o take_v advantage_n of_o such_o a_o seasonable_a opportunity_n he_o draw_v his_o army_n against_o caerlheon_n which_o stand_v out_o very_o stiff_o against_o he_o but_o after_o many_o warm_a dispute_n of_o both_o side_n jorwerth_n at_o length_n prevail_v and_o enter_v the_o town_n by_o force_n he_o take_v most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n prisoner_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n it_o be_v surrender_v up_o in_o exchange_n for_o the_o prisoner_n he_o have_v take_v in_o the_o town_n howel_n his_o son_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v busy_a in_o gwent_n î_v coed_n and_o have_v reduce_v all_o that_o country_n except_v the_o castle_n to_o subjection_n he_o take_v pledge_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o to_o withdraw_v their_o allegiance_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o the_o same_o time_n something_o of_o action_n pass_v in_o north-wales_n for_o david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi prince_n of_o north-wales_n bring_v a_o army_n over_o the_o river_n menai_n into_o anglesey_n against_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n who_o keep_v that_o island_n from_o he_o force_v he_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n to_o ireland_n in_o his_o return_n from_o whence_o the_o follow_a year_n he_o be_v accidental_o discover_v and_o seize_v upon_o and_o then_o by_o his_o brother_n order_n commit_v to_o close_a prison_n prince_n david_n have_v bring_v the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n to_o its_o pristine_a state_n of_o subjection_n to_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o move_v all_o manner_n of_o obstacle_n which_o may_v at_o any_o time_n for_o the_o future_a endanger_v its_o fall_n off_o from_o he_o and_o these_o he_o judge_v to_o be_v his_o own_o next_o relation_n a.d._n 1174_o and_o therefore_o he_o expel_v and_o banish_v all_o his_o brethren_n and_o cousin_n out_o of_o his_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n but_o before_o this_o sentence_n be_v put_v in_o execution_n his_o brother_n conan_n die_v and_o so_o escape_v the_o ignominy_n of_o be_v banish_v his_o native_a country_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o the_o jealousy_n of_o a_o ambitious_a brother_n about_o the_o same_o time_n howel_n the_o son_n of_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n of_o caerlheon_n take_v prisoner_n his_o uncle_n owen_n pencarn_n who_o be_v right_a heir_n of_o caerlheon_n and_o gwent_n and_o now_o have_v he_o secure_a and_o to_o prevent_v his_o get_v any_o child_n to_o inherit_v those_o place_n which_o himself_o be_v next_o heir_n to_o he_o first_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o then_o very_o inhuman_o cut_v off_o his_o testicle_n but_o vengeance_n do_v not_o permit_v such_o a_o base_a action_n to_o go_v unpunished_a for_o upon_o the_o saturday_n follow_v a_o great_a army_n of_o norman_n and_o englishman_n come_v unexpected_o before_o the_o town_n and_o wan_a both_o it_o and_o the_o castle_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o opposition_n which_o howel_n and_o his_o father_n jorwerth_n make_v though_o this_o last_o be_v not_o privy_a to_o his_o son_n action_n about_o the_o same_o time_n king_n henry_n come_v over_o to_o england_n a_o little_a after_o who_o arrival_n william_n king_n of_o scot_n and_o roger_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n be_v take_v prisoner_n at_o alnewike_n by_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o north_n as_o they_o come_v to_o destroy_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o quarrel_n of_o the_o young_a king_n but_o old_a king_n henry_n have_v commit_v they_o to_o the_o safe_a custody_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o receive_v hugh_n bygod_n earl_n of_o chester_n to_o his_o mercy_n return_v to_o normandy_n with_o a_o very_a considerable_a army_n of_o welshman_n which_o david_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v send_v he_o in_o return_n of_o which_o he_o give_v he_o his_o sister_n emme_n in_o marriage_n when_o he_o be_v arrive_v in_o normandy_n he_o send_v a_o detachment_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o cut_v off_o some_o provision_n which_o be_v go_v to_o the_o enemy_n camp_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o french_a king_n come_v to_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v short_o afterward_o conclude_v upon_o so_o that_o all_o the_o brethren_n who_o have_v all_o this_o time_n maintain_v such_o a_o unnatural_a rebellion_n against_o their_o father_n be_v force_v to_o beg_v the_o old_a king_n forgiveness_n and_o pardon_n for_o all_o their_o former_a misdemeanour_n david_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n begin_v to_o grow_v very_o bold_a and_o assume_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o new_a alliance_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o nothing_o will_v serve_v his_o turn_n but_o he_o must_v put_v his_o brother_n roderic_n in_o prison_n and_o secure_v he_o with_o fetter_n for_o no_o other_o account_n than_o because_o he_o demandod_n his_o share_n of_o his_o father_n land_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o wales_n as_o be_v say_v before_o to_o make_v a_o equal_a division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n between_o all_o the_o child_n and_o therefore_o david_n have_v no_o colour_n of_o reason_n or_o pretence_n to_o deal_v so_o severe_o with_o his_o brother_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o verify_v that_o proverb_n may_v overcome_v right_o but_o though_o prince_n david_n may_v depend_v much_o upon_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yet_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n gain_v his_o favour_n and_o countenance_n the_o more_o by_o reason_n that_o he_o let_v slip_v no_o opportunity_n to_o further_o the_o king_n interest_n and_o affair_n in_o wales_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n be_v a_o very_a necessary_a and_o useful_a instrument_n to_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o promote_v the_o sure_a settlement_n of_o the_o english_a in_o the_o country_n not_o that_o he_o bear_v any_o love_n or_o affection_n to_o either_o king_n henry_n or_o his_o subject_n but_o because_o he_o be_v sufficient_o reward_v for_o former_a service_n and_o be_v still_o in_o expectation_n of_o receive_v more_o favour_n at_o the_o king_n hand_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o play_v the_o politician_n so_o far_o as_o to_o have_v regard_n to_o his_o own_o interest_n more_o than_o the_o good_a of_o his_o native_a country_n and_o what_o do_v ingratiate_v he_o to_o king_n henry_n most_o of_o all_o upon_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n james_n he_o bring_v all_o such_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o the_o king_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n at_o gloucester_n namely_o cadwalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n of_o melyenyth_n his_o cousin-german_a eineon_n clyt_v of_o eluel_n and_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n of_o gwerthrynion_n his_o son_n in_o law_n morgan_z ap_fw-mi caradoc_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n of_o glamorgan_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi ifor_n ap_fw-mi meiric_n of_o sengennyth_n and_o sitsylht_v ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n of_o high_a ggo_v all_o three_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o sister_n together_o with_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n of_o caerlheon_n king_n henry_n be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o this_o stratagem_n of_o rhys_n that_o notwithstanding_o these_o person_n have_v be_v his_o implacable_a enemy_n he_o ready_o grant_v they_o their_o pardon_n and_o receive_v they_o to_o favour_n and_o restore_v to_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o caerlheon_n which_o he_o have_v unjust_o take_v from_o he_o a.d._n 1175_o this_o reconciliation_n betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o these_o welsh_a lord_n some_o of_o the_o english_a in_o wales_n take_v advantage_n of_o and_o more_o particular_o william_n the_o bruce_n lord_n of_o brecnock_n who_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n a_o great_a longing_n to_o gwentland_n can_v not_o bring_v about_o his_o design_n by_o reason_n that_o sitsylht_n ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n the_o person_n of_o great_a sway_n and_o power_n in_o the_o country_n be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n to_o all_o the_o english_a but_o be_v now_o reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n william_n de_fw-fr
bruce_n under_o pretence_n of_o congratulate_v this_o new_a peace_n and_o agreement_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a invite_v sitsylht_v and_o geffrey_n his_o son_n with_o several_z other_o of_o the_o person_n of_o chief_a note_n in_o gwentland_n to_o a_o feast_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o abergavenny_n which_o by_o composition_n he_o have_v late_o receive_v from_o they_o sitsylht_o with_o the_o rest_n come_v according_a to_o appointment_n and_o without_o the_o least_o suspicion_n of_o any_o treasonable_a design_n but_o after_o they_o have_v be_v civil_o entertain_v for_o some_o time_n william_n bruce_n to_o move_v a_o quarrel_n against_o they_o begin_v at_o last_o to_o propound_v certain_a article_n to_o they_o to_o be_v by_o they_o keep_v and_o perform_v and_o among_o other_o unreasonable_a condition_n they_o be_v to_o swear_v that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v at_o any_o time_n carry_v with_o they_o bow_n or_o sword_n the_o welsh_a refuse_v to_o consent_v to_o and_o sign_n such_o improper_a article_n as_o these_o william_n bruce_n present_o call_v out_o his_o man_n who_o be_v ready_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o bid_v they_o fall_v to_o their_o business_n they_o most_o treacherous_o fall_v upon_o and_o slay_v the_o innocent_a and_o naked_a welsh_a and_o as_o if_o it_o do_v not_o sufficient_o express_v their_o cruelty_n and_o inhumanity_n they_o immediate_o go_v to_o sitsylht_n house_n which_o stand_v not_o far_o from_o abergavenny_n and_o take_v hold_v of_o gwladus_n his_o wife_n they_o slay_v her_o son_n cadwallader_n before_o her_o face_n and_o then_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o house_n they_o pack_v she_o away_o to_o the_o castle_n this_o execrable_a murder_n be_v thus_o most_o barbarous_o and_o which_o be_v worst_a of_o all_o under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o kindness_n commit_v wâ—lliam_n bruce_n to_o cloak_v his_o treason_n with_o some_o reasonable_a excuse_n and_o to_o make_v the_o world_n believe_v it_o be_v not_o for_o any_o private_a interest_n or_o expectation_n he_o have_v do_v such_o a_o act_n as_o he_o know_v will_v be_v by_o all_o man_n abhor_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v report_v abroad_o that_o he_o have_v do_v such_o a_o thing_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o uncle_n henry_n of_o hereford_n who_o the_o welsh_a on_o the_o easter-even_a before_o have_v slay_v but_o whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o south-wales_n roderic_n david_n prince_n of_o north-wales's_a brother_n make_v his_o escape_n by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o out_o of_o prison_n and_o flee_v to_o anglesey_n he_o be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o country_n other_o side_n the_o river_n conwey_n for_o their_o lord_n and_o prince_n which_o they_o be_v the_o more_o willing_a to_o do_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o conceive_v a_o utter_a abhorrence_n of_o prince_n david_n who_o contrary_a to_o all_o rule_n of_o equity_n and_o almost_o nature_n have_v disinherit_v all_o his_o brethren_n and_o cousin_n as_o bold_o rely_v upon_o his_o affinity_n and_o relation_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o david_n perceive_v the_o storm_n to_o grow_v very_o violent_a and_o that_o the_o country_n do_v numerous_o flock_v and_o adhere_v to_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n think_v it_o his_o best_a way_n to_o stay_v a_o while_n till_o the_o storm_n be_v abate_v and_o so_o retire_v over_o the_o river_n conwey_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o brother_n to_o lord_n rhys_n after_o a_o tedious_a fit_n of_o sickness_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o monkish_a order_n depart_v this_o life_n who_o body_n be_v very_o honourable_o inter_v at_o stratflur_n in_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n die_v also_o david_n a.d._n 1176_o fitz_n gerald_n bishop_n of_o menevia_n or_o s._n david_n who_o see_n be_v supply_v by_o one_o peer_n be_v nominate_v thereunto_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o what_o happen_v most_o remarkable_a this_o year_n the_o lord_n rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n make_v a_o very_a great_a feast_n at_o christmas_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v proclaim_v through_o all_o britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o island_n adjacent_a some_o considerable_a time_n before_o and_o according_a to_o their_o invitation_n many_o hundred_o of_o english_a norman_n and_o other_o come_v to_o aberteifi_n be_v very_o honourable_o receive_v and_o courteous_o entertain_v by_o prince_n rhys_n but_o among_o other_o token_n of_o their_o welcome_n and_o entertainment_n rhys_n cause_v all_o the_o bard_n or_o poet_n throughout_o all_o wales_n to_o come_v thither_o and_o for_o a_o better_a diversion_n to_o the_o company_n he_o provide_v chair_n to_o be_v set_v in_o the_o hall_n in_o which_o the_o bard_n be_v seat_v they_o be_v to_o answer_v each_o other_o in_o rhyme_n and_o those_o that_o acquit_v themselves_o most_o handsome_o and_o overcome_v the_o rest_n be_v promise_v great_a reward_n and_o rich_a present_n in_o this_o poetical_a disceptation_n the_o north-wales_n bard_n obtain_v the_o victory_n with_o the_o applause_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o whole_a company_n and_o among_o the_o professor_n of_o music_n between_o who_o there_o be_v a.d._n 1177_o not_o small_a strife_n prince_n rhy_n own_o servant_n be_v account_v the_o most_o expert_a but_o for_o all_o this_o civil_a and_o oblige_a treatment_n of_o prince_n rhys_n the_o norman_n upon_o the_o march_n fall_v to_o their_o accustom_a manner_n of_o treacherous_a waylay_n and_o private_o assault_v the_o harmless_a and_o undesigning_a welch_n and_o therefore_o eineon_n clyt_v rhys_n his_o son_n in_o law_n and_o morgan_z ap_fw-mi meredith_n fall_v into_o the_o net_n which_o the_o norman_n have_v deceitful_o lay_v for_o they_o be_v treacherous_o murder_v therefore_o to_o keep_v the_o norman_n under_o great_a fear_n and_o awe_n for_o the_o future_a prince_n rhys_n build_v a_o castle_n at_o rhayadr_n gwy_n be_v a_o place_n where_o the_o river_n wye_n fall_v with_o a_o very_a great_a noise_n and_o precipitation_n down_o a_o great_a rock_n a.d._n 1178_o but_o this_o castle_n be_v like_a to_o stand_v he_o in_o a_o double_a stead_n for_o it_o be_v not_o long_o after_o he_o have_v perfect_o finish_v it_o that_o the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi make_v war_n against_o he_o but_o find_v upon_o trial_n that_o their_o design_n against_o rhys_n be_v impracticable_a they_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o retire_v back_o to_o north-wales_n a.d._n 1179_o the_o next_o year_n cadwalhon_n brother_n to_o owen_n gwynedh_n and_o uncle_n to_o david_n and_o roderic_n who_o for_o fear_n of_o his_o brother_n have_v some_o time_n ago_o flee_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v convey_v home_o by_o some_o of_o the_o king_n servant_n to_o enjoy_v his_o patrimonial_a estate_n in_o wales_n be_v by_o those_o barbarous_a and_o treacherous_a villain_n murder_v in_o his_o journey_n this_o year_n the_o sepulchre_n of_o that_o famous_a and_o noble_a british_a king_n arthur_n with_o his_o wife_n gwenhofar_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o some_o welsh_a bard_n who_o king_n henry_n have_v hear_v at_o pembrock_n relate_v in_o a_o song_n the_o worthy_a and_o mighty_a act_n of_o that_o great_a prince_n and_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v bury_v be_v find_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n without_o the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n their_o body_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o hollow_a elder_a tree_n bury_v fifteen_o foot_n in_o the_o earth_n the_o bone_n of_o king_n arthur_n be_v of_o marvellous_a and_o almost_o incredible_a bigness_n have_v ten_o wound_n in_o the_o skull_n whereof_o one_o be_v considerable_o large_a than_o the_o rest_n seem_v to_o be_v his_o death-blow_a and_o the_o queen_n hair_n seem_v to_o the_o sight_n to_o be_v fair_a and_o yellow_a but_o when_o touch_v crumble_v present_o to_o dust_n over_o the_o bone_n be_v lay_v a_o stone_n with_o a_o cross_n of_o lead_n upon_o the_o low_a side_n of_o which_o stone_n be_v engrave_v these_o word_n hic_fw-la iaceo_fw-la sepultus_fw-la inclytus_fw-la rex_fw-la arthurus_n in_o insula_fw-la avalonia_n here_o lie_v bury_v the_o famous_a king_n arthur_z in_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n no_o action_n of_o moment_n have_v pass_v in_o wales_n this_o long_a time_n and_o the_o welsh_a be_v in_o perfect_a amity_n and_o concord_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o some_o unlucky_a accident_n fall_v out_o at_o last_o to_o dissolve_v this_o happy_a a.d._n 1182_o union_n and_o agreement_n one_o ranulph_n de_fw-fr poer_n who_o be_v sheriff_n of_o glocestershire_n or_o rather_o as_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la observe_v of_o herefordshire_n be_v a_o cruel_a and_o unreasonable_a oppressor_n of_o the_o welsh_a put_v the_o lord_n of_o gwentland_n to_o death_n in_o revenge_n of_o who_o a_o certain_a young_a person_n of_o that_o country_n set_v upon_o ranulph_n with_o several_a other_o gentleman_n his_o
companion_n and_o slay_v they_o to_o a_o man._n king_n henry_n be_v implacable_o enrage_v at_o this_o news_n and_o so_o cruel_o incense_v that_o he_o present_o raise_v and_o draw_v together_o all_o his_o power_n and_o come_v to_o worcester_n intend_v to_o march_v forward_o to_o wales_n and_o to_o invade_v the_o enemy_n country_n but_o the_o lord_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi a_o subtle_a and_o a_o politic_a prince_n think_v it_o impossible_a to_o withstand_v the_o english_a army_n and_o fear_v the_o king_n puissance_n which_o he_o perceive_v to_o be_v so_o implacable_o bend_v against_o the_o welsh_a go_v in_o person_n to_o worcester_n and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n become_v his_o perpetual_a liegeman_n and_o for_o the_o due_a observance_n of_o this_o contract_n he_o promise_v to_o send_v his_o son_n and_o nephew_n for_o pledge_n but_o when_o he_o will_v have_v persuade_v they_o to_o answer_v his_o request_n the_o young_a man_n consider_v with_o themselves_o how_o former_a pledge_n have_v not_o be_v very_o genteely_a treat_v by_o the_o english_a refuse_v to_o go_v and_o so_o the_o whole_a matter_n rest_v for_o that_o time_n what_o become_v of_o the_o matter_n afterward_o we_o know_v not_o but_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o king_n henry_n return_v to_o england_n satisfy_v with_o rhy_n submission_n for_o we_o hear_v no_o more_o of_o his_o come_n to_o wales_n and_o so_o the_o country_n remain_v quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o at_o length_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o kill_v and_o murder_v one_o another_o a.d._n 1186_o cadwallader_n prince_n rhy_n son_n be_v private_o murder_v in_o west-wales_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o tie_v gwyn_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v owen_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o madawe_n a.d._n 1187_o ap_fw-mi meredith_n be_v slay_v by_o night_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o carrergova_n near_o oswestry_n by_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n but_o what_o be_v most_o unnatural_a of_o all_o lhewelyn_n who_o father_n cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v late_o murder_v by_o the_o englishman_n be_v take_v by_o his_o own_o brother_n who_o very_o barbarous_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n about_o the_o same_o time_n baldwyn_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v attend_v by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la take_v a_o progress_n into_o wales_n be_v the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o visit_v that_o country_n who_o authority_n the_o clergy_n of_o wales_n in_o vain_a oppose_v though_o they_o stiff_o allege_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o their_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o s._n david_n in_o this_o visitation_n describe_v by_o giraldus_n in_o his_o itinerarium_fw-la cambriae_fw-la he_o persuade_v many_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n to_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o those_o prevail_a enemy_n of_o christianity_n the_o saracen_n to_o who_o prevail_a greatness_n jerusalem_n itself_o be_v now_o in_o great_a danger_n a.d._n 1188_o to_o become_v subject_a the_o archbishop_n have_v leave_v the_o country_n maelgon_n the_o son_n of_o lord_n rhys_n bring_v all_o his_o power_n against_o tenbigh_n and_o have_v by_o force_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o burn_v the_o whole_a town_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o carry_v away_o very_o considerable_a spoil_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o such_o civil_a behaviour_n and_o easy_a access_n of_o so_o comely_a personage_n and_o honesty_n in_o all_o his_o action_n that_o he_o attract_v the_o most_o earnest_a love_n and_o affection_n of_o all_o his_o friend_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o become_v very_o terrible_a and_o formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n especial_o the_o flemings_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v divers_a victory_n and_o conquest_n the_o next_o year_n be_v the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1189._o a.d._n 1189_o henry_n the_o second_o surname_v courtmantel_n king_n of_o england_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o fonteverard_n after_o who_o his_o son_n richard_n call_v curdelyon_n be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o peer_n and_o nobility_n of_o england_n crown_v in_o his_o place_n prince_n rhys_n be_v thus_o deprive_v of_o his_o great_a friend_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o make_v the_o best_a provision_n he_o can_v for_o himself_o by_o enlarge_a his_o dominion_n and_o extend_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o present_a territory_n and_o therefore_o have_v raise_v all_o the_o strength_n he_o can_v he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o seynclere_n abercorran_n and_o lhanstephan_n and_o have_v take_v and_o commit_v to_o prison_n maelgw_v his_o son_n who_o be_v the_o great_a thorn_n in_o his_o side_n as_o one_o that_o be_v most_o passionate_o belove_v by_o the_o south-wales_n man_n he_o bring_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o his_o subjection_n then_o he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o cydwely_n but_o a.d._n 1190_o what_o take_v away_o from_o he_o the_o joy_n of_o all_o this_o good_a fortune_n he_o lose_v his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n a_o woman_n of_o such_o incomparable_a beauty_n and_o exceed_v in_o all_o feminine_a qualification_n that_o she_o be_v account_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a accomplish_a lady_n in_o all_o the_o country_n and_o not_o long_o after_o she_o die_v gruffydh_n maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n a.d._n 1191_o a_o man_n of_o great_a prudence_n and_o experience_n and_o one_o that_o excel_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o time_n in_o hospitality_n and_o all_o other_o act_n of_o generosity_n and_o liberality_n his_o corpse_n be_v carry_v to_o myfod_n and_o honourable_o inter_v there_o be_v attend_v by_o most_o of_o the_o person_n of_o quality_n throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n angharad_n daughter_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o son_n call_v madawc_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n call_v from_o he_o powy_n fadawc_n rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v grow_v very_o powerful_a and_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o south-wales_n only_o with_o some_o few_o place_n more_o dynefowr_n hold_v out_o still_o which_o however_o upon_o the_o first_o assault_n he_o make_v against_o it_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o but_o as_o he_o increase_v 〈◊〉_d â—he_v number_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o have_v that_o of_o his_o child_n diminish_v for_o his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n be_v late_o decease_v and_o now_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o get_v dynefowr_a castle_n into_o his_o possession_n but_o his_o son_n owen_n die_v at_o strata_n florida_n or_o ystratflur_v king_n richard_n be_v go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o the_o saracen_n but_o in_o his_o return_n to_o england_n he_o win_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cyprus_n and_o give_v it_o to_o gwido_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v resign_v his_o former_a title_n to_o he_o during_o his_o stay_n in_o this_o island_n he_o marry_v berengaria_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o navarr_n a.d._n 1192_o maeâ—gon_n prince_n rhy_n son_n have_v be_v now_o detain_v a_o long_a time_n in_o prison_n where_o his_o father_n have_v shut_v he_o up_o but_o be_v at_o last_o utter_o weary_a of_o such_o a_o close_a confinement_n he_o find_v some_o mean_n or_o other_o to_o get_v out_o and_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n his_o father_n prince_n rhys_n be_v not_o so_o trouble_v at_o his_o be_v break_v out_o and_o that_o he_o have_v get_v his_o liberty_n as_o to_o give_v over_o the_o conquest_n which_o all_o this_o while_n he_o have_v go_v so_o furious_o on_o with_o but_o lay_v siege_n to_o lhanhayaden_a castle_n he_o take_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n about_o to_o his_o subjection_n and_o what_o favour_v he_o more_o in_o his_o attempt_n against_o the_o english_a king_n richard_z a.d._n 1193_o have_v most_o brave_o signalise_v himself_o against_o the_o infidel_n in_o his_o return_n home_o through_o austria_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o duke_n leopold_n who_o present_v he_o to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n who_o demand_v 200000_o mark_n for_o his_o ransom_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n that_o he_o have_v spoil_v and_o plunder_v the_o island_n of_o sicily_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o as_o rhys_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o king_n richard_n absence_n to_o subject_n south-wales_n so_o roderic_n brother_n to_o david_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n make_v use_v of_o gothrike'_v the_o king_n of_o man_n help_n to_o get_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n to_o himself_o and_o eject_v his_o brother_n and_o therefore_o enter_v into_o anglâ—sey_n he_o quick_o reduce_v the_o whole_a island_n to_o his_o subjection_n but_o he_o do_v not_o enjoy_v it_o long_o for_o before_o the_o year_n be_v over_o the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n come_v with_o a_o army_n against_o he_o and_o force_v he_o together_o with_o the_o
king_n of_o man_n to_o fly_v the_o island_n they_o take_v present_a possession_n of_o it_o themselves_o and_o while_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o north_n wales_n maelgon_n prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n his_o son_n who_o be_v late_o escape_v from_o prison_n besiege_v ystratmeyric_n castle_n and_o after_o some_o small_a opposition_n get_v it_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n upon_o christmas_n night_n which_o encourage_v he_o to_o far_a attempt_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n his_o brother_n howel_n surname_v say_v or_o the_o englishman_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o have_v serve_v for_o some_o time_n under_o the_o king_n of_o england_n another_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n get_v by_o surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o gwys_n and_o have_v secure_v philip_n de_fw-fr gwys_n the_o owner_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o two_o son_n he_o make_v they_o all_o prisoner_n of_o war._n then_o the_o two_o brother_n howel_n and_o maelgon_n join_v their_o force_n but_o fear_v that_o they_o have_v more_o castle_n than_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v they_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o raze_v lhanhayaden_a castle_n which_o the_o fleming_n have_v notice_n of_o they_o gather_v all_o their_o power_n together_o and_o come_v to_o lhanhayaden_a at_o the_o day_n appoint_v they_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o the_o welsh_a and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o but_o notwitstand_v this_o sudden_a and_o unhappy_a accident_n they_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o destroy_v the_o castle_n and_o so_o come_v to_o lhanhayaden_a the_o second_o time_n they_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n without_o any_o molestation_n from_o or_o appearance_n of_o any_o enemy_n to_o disturb_v they_o but_o when_o anarawd_n another_o son_n of_o pr._n rhys_n see_v how_o prosperous_o his_o brother_n succeed_v he_o think_v to_o make_v himself_o as_o rich_a as_o they_o and_o by_o a_o short_a and_o a_o easy_a method_n and_o therefore_o have_v under_o a_o smooth_a pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o love_n get_v his_o brother_n howel_n and_o madawc_n in_o private_a be_v move_v with_o ambition_n and_o covetousness_n to_o enjoy_v their_o estate_n he_o first_o make_v they_o prisoner_n and_o then_o very_o unnatural_o pull_v out_o their_o eye_n but_o maelgon_n escape_v this_o snare_n and_o hear_v what_o a_o foul_a action_n be_v commit_v he_o promise_v his_o brother_n anarawd_n the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_n for_o the_o liberty_n and_o releasement_n of_o his_o two_o brother_n which_o anarawd_n grant_v but_o it_o be_v a.d._n 1194_o not_o wonder_v that_o those_o brother_n can_v be_v unnatural_a and_o cruel_a to_o one_o another_o who_o can_v join_v and_o agree_v to_o rebel_v against_o their_o father_n and_o now_o prince_n rhys_n have_v rebuilt_a the_o castle_n of_o rhayadr_n gwy_n be_v lay_v wait_n for_o and_o take_v prisoner_n by_o his_o own_o son_n who_o be_v afraid_a that_o in_o case_n their_o father_n have_v they_o once_o in_o his_o power_n he_o will_v severe_o revenge_v their_o cruel_a and_o unnatural_a deedâ—_n but_o howel_n prove_v more_o kind_a and_o dutiful_a than_o the_o rest_n who_o though_o blind_a find_v a_o way_n to_o let_v his_o father_n escape_v out_o of_o maelgon_n prison_n and_o so_o prince_n rhys_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n he_o take_v and_o destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n which_o belong_v to_o his_o son_n maelgon_n but_o though_o he_o succeed_v in_o this_o attempt_n yet_o he_o lose_v another_o castle_n elsewhere_o for_o the_o son_n of_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n of_o melyenydh_n be_v inform_v that_o prince_n rhys_n be_v detain_v prisoner_n by_o his_o son_n maelgon_n they_o besiege_v rhayadr_n gwy_a castle_n which_o be_v surrender_v up_o to_o they_o they_o fortify_v for_o their_o own_o use_n but_o whilst_o these_o unhappy_a difference_n and_o unnatural_a clashing_n betwixt_o prince_n rhys_n and_o his_o son_n continue_v and_o rage_v in_o south-wales_n a_o new_a revolution_n of_o affair_n happen_v in_o north-wales_n prince_n david_n have_v now_o enjoy_v the_o sceptre_n of_o north-wales_n for_o above_o twenty_o four_o year_n and_o one_o will_v think_v that_o so_o long_a a_o possession_n will_v secure_v he_o in_o his_o throne_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o pull_v he_o down_o but_o possession_n be_v not_o always_o the_o sure_a card_n which_o prove_v very_o true_a in_o prince_n david_n case_n at_o this_o time_n for_o lhewelyn_n the_o son_n of_o jorwerth_n drwyndwn_n who_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n be_v now_o arrive_v to_o year_n of_o maturity_n and_o have_v sense_n enough_o to_o understand_v what_o a_o just_a title_n and_o claim_n he_o have_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n of_o which_o his_o uncle_n david_n have_v so_o unjust_o keep_v he_o out_o he_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o endeavour_v to_o recover_v what_o be_v lawful_o his_o own_o which_o however_o he_o be_v well_o persuade_v his_o uncle_n david_n will_v never_o easy_o part_v with_o and_o therefore_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o the_o justness_n of_o his_o title_n will_v never_o mount_v he_o up_o to_o the_o throne_n without_o he_o have_v a_o army_n at_o his_o heel_n to_o help_v he_o on_o he_o call_v together_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o relation_n by_o his_o mother_n side_n who_o be_v mar_v the_o daughter_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n and_o have_v draw_v to_o his_o side_n his_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_n and_o rhodri_n ap_fw-mi owen_n he_o come_v into_o north_n wa_n es_fw-la proclaim_v how_o against_o all_o justice_n his_o uncle_n david_n have_v first_o disinherit_v his_o father_n jorwerth_n and_o then_o have_v keep_v the_o government_n from_o he_o who_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o though_o his_o father_n jorwerth_n have_v be_v incapable_a of_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o infirmity_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o his_o father_n weakness_n shall_v exclude_v and_o turn_v he_o out_o and_o therefore_o be_v now_o sensible_a of_o what_o he_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o understand_v in_o his_o youth_n he_o lay_v claim_v to_o the_o principality_n which_o be_v just_o his_o own_o but_o there_o be_v no_o great_a need_n of_o conjure_v to_o understand_v his_o claim_n nor_o of_o much_o rhetoric_n to_o persuade_v the_o people_n to_o own_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n who_o affection_n be_v cool_v and_o almost_o wear_v off_o from_o david_n ever_o since_o he_o have_v deal_v so_o unnatural_o with_o his_o brother_n who_o after_o he_o have_v deprive_v of_o their_o estate_n he_o banish_v out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o therefore_o before_o lhewelyn_n can_v expect_v to_o have_v any_o sure_a foot_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o north-wales_n be_v at_o his_o devotion_n except_v only_o three_o castle_n which_o david_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o english_a in_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o late_a king_n henry_n he_o depend_v much_o upon_o keep_v to_o himself_o and_o thus_o david_n be_v deprive_v of_o almost_o all_o that_o he_o former_o possess_v we_o shall_v reckon_v he_o no_o more_o among_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n but_o restore_v the_o principality_n to_o the_o true_a heir_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n have_v thus_o successful_o carry_v on_o his_o just_a claim_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o north-wales_n and_o be_v quiet_o settle_v in_o the_o government_n of_o it_o roger_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1195_o march_n with_o a_o strong_a body_n to_o melyenith_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o cymaron_n whereby_o he_o reduce_v that_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n and_o force_v thence_o the_o two_o son_n of_o cadwalh_n n_z ap_fw-mi madawc_n that_o be_v governor_n thereof_o about_o this_o time_n rhys_n and_o meredith_n then_o valiant_a but_o undutiful_a son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n have_v get_v together_o a_o body_n of_o hot_a head_v dare_v soldier_n come_v before_o dynefawr_n and_o take_v the_o castle_n that_o be_v garrison_v by_o their_o father_n man_n hence_o they_o proceed_v to_o cantre-fychan_a where_o the_o country_n civil_o receive_v they_o and_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n to_o they_o at_o this_o their_o father_n be_v just_o incense_v and_o therefore_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o far_o proceed_n he_o endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o take_v they_o which_o not_o long_o after_o happen_v for_o their_o adherent_n now_o begin_v to_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o sense_n as_o well_o of_o their_o treason_n against_o as_o of_o their_o allegiance_n due_a to_o their_o lawful_a lord_n prince_n rhys_n and_o therefore_o to_o atone_v for_o their_o past_a fault_n and_o to_o procure_v his_o future_a favour_n they_o betray_v their_o rebellious_a leader_n to_o their_o offend_a father_n who_o immediate_o commit_v they_o to_o safe_a custody_n a.d._n 1196_o the_o
ensue_a year_n prince_n rhys_n levy_v a_o great_a army_n who_o first_o attempt_n be_v upon_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o caermadthyn_n both_o which_o he_o take_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o destroy_v and_o then_o return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n not_o long_o after_o he_o lead_v the_o say_a army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o invest_v the_o castle_n of_o clun_n which_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o take_v as_o the_o former_a for_o this_o cost_v he_o a_o long_a siege_n and_o many_o a_o fierce_a assault_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v revenge_v of_o it_o when_o he_o take_v it_o he_o lay_v it_o in_o ash_n thence_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o radnor_n which_o he_o likewise_o wan_a but_o immediate_o after_o it_o cost_v he_o a_o bloody_a battle_n for_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o master_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o roger_n mortimer_n and_o hugh_n de_fw-fr say_n come_v with_o a_o numerous_a and_o well-disciplined_a army_n consist_v of_o norman_n and_o english_a to_o the_o relief_n of_o it_o whereupon_o prince_n rhys_n think_v it_o not_o his_o best_a course_n to_o confine_v his_o man_n within_o the_o wall_n lead_v they_o up_o into_o a_o champion_n ground_n hard_a by_o and_o there_o like_o a_o valiant_a prince_n resolve_v to_o give_v his_o enemy_n battle_n though_o they_o have_v much_o the_o advantage_n of_o he_o for_o his_o man_n be_v neither_o so_o well_o arm_v nor_o so_o much_o accustom_v to_o battle_n as_o the_o other_o be_v however_o their_o courage_n make_v amends_o for_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o leader_n prudence_n and_o conduct_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o their_o discipline_n for_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v honourable_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n than_o shameful_o to_o survive_v the_o loss_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o they_o attack_v their_o enemy_n so_o valiant_o that_o they_o be_v not_o long_o able_a to_o withstand_v their_o force_n but_o quit_v the_o field_n in_o great_a disorder_n leave_v a_o great_a number_n of_o their_o man_n behind_o they_o slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o prince_n rhys_n pursue_v they_o so_o warm_o that_o they_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o shelter_n of_o the_o night_n to_o protect_v they_o from_o his_o fury_n after_o this_o victory_n he_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o payne_n in_o elfel_n which_o he_o easy_o take_v and_o keep_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n till_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o owner_n thereof_o come_v to_o he_o and_o humble_o desire_a peace_n of_o he_o which_o he_o grant_v he_o and_o withal_o deliver_v he_o up_o his_o castle_n again_o not_o long_o after_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o king_n richard_n have_v substitute_v his_o lieutenant_n in_o england_n march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n towards_o wales_n and_o besiege_n the_o castle_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n at_o the_o pool_n but_o the_o garrison_n make_v such_o a_o vigorous_a defence_n that_o he_o lose_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n and_o all_o his_o attempt_n prove_v ineffectual_a therefore_o he_o send_v for_o some_o pyoneer_n who_o he_o order_v to_o undermine_v the_o wall_n which_o when_o the_o besiege_v understand_v they_o bethink_v of_o secure_v themselves_o on_o the_o most_o honourable_a term_n they_o can_v they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o put_v themselves_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n for_o their_o enemy_n be_v thrice_o their_o number_n therefore_o they_o propose_v to_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v carry_v off_o all_o their_o arm_n along_o with_o they_o which_o offer_v the_o archbishop_n accept_v of_o and_o so_o permit_v the_o garrison_n to_o march_v out_o quiet_o then_o fortify_v the_o castle_n for_o the_o king_n use_n and_o put_v a_o strong_a garrison_n in_o it_o for_o its_o defence_n he_o return_v again_o to_o england_n but_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v not_o so_o willing_a to_o part_v from_o his_o castle_n as_o never_o to_o attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o it_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o archbishop_n be_v go_v back_o he_o immediate_o besiege_v it_o and_o short_o after_o receive_v it_o on_o the_o same_o term_n that_o his_o man_n have_v deliver_v it_o up_o and_o afterward_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n a.d._n 1197_o the_o follow_a year_n there_o break_v out_o a_o terrible_a plague_n which_o spread_v over_o all_o britain_n and_o france_n and_o carry_v off_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n beside_o common_a people_n this_o year_n likewise_o die_v the_o valiant_a rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n the_o only_a stay_n and_o defence_n of_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o get_v they_o their_o liberty_n and_o secure_v it_o to_o they_o he_o often_o very_o ready_o expose_v his_o own_o life_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o they_o and_o their_o country_n general_o he_o get_v the_o better_a of_o his_o enemy_n and_o at_o last_o either_o bring_v they_o entire_o under_o his_o subjection_n or_o force_v they_o to_o quit_v their_o country_n he_o be_v no_o less_o illustrious_a for_o his_o virtuous_a endowment_n than_o for_o his_o valour_n and_o extraction_n so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o the_o british_a bard_n and_o other_o write_v so_o honourable_o of_o he_o and_o so_o mighty_o deplore_v his_o death_n to_o this_o prince_n be_v bear_v many_o son_n and_o daughter_n whereof_o his_o elder_a son_n gruffydh_n succeed_v he_o the_o other_o be_v cadwalhon_n maelgon_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n of_o his_o daughter_n one_o call_v gwenthtan_n be_v marry_v to_o ednyfed_a fychaâ—_n ancestor_n to_o owen_n tudor_n that_o marry_v kitharine_n queen-dowager_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v very_o well_o match_v with_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o country_n prince_n gruffydh_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o country_n do_v not_o long_o enjoy_v it_o peaceable_o for_o his_o troublesome_a brother_n maelgon_n think_v it_o now_o a_o fit_a time_n to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o the_o inheritance_n his_o father_n have_v deprive_v he_o of_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o make_v a_o league_n with_o gwenwynwyn_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o by_o their_o joint_a interest_n get_v together_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n wherewith_o they_o surprise_a prince_n gruffydh_n at_o aberystwyth_n who_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n they_o take_v prisoner_n thus_o maelgon_n effectual_o accomplish_v his_o design_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o cardigan_n his_o unfortunate_a brother_n he_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o spiteful_a confederate_a gwenwynwyn_n who_o immediate_o out_o of_o malice_n deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n the_o english_a after_o this_o gwenwynâ—yn_n have_v get_v together_o a_o army_n enter_v arust_o and_o bring_v it_o to_o his_o subjection_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n who_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v forâ—ed_v to_o quit_v his_o usurpation_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n have_v hitherto_o live_v quiet_o and_o peaceable_o not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o kindness_n to_o his_o nephew_n as_o because_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o redress_v himself_o but_o now_o have_v get_v a_o great_a army_n of_o english_a and_o welsh_a he_o use_v his_o utmost_a effort_n to_o recover_v his_o principality_n whereupon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o in_o possession_n of_o it_o come_v on_o bold_o to_o meet_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n wherein_o he_o shameful_o rout_v his_o army_n and_o take_v his_o uncle_n david_n prisoner_n who_o he_o deliver_v into_o safe_a custody_n whereby_o he_o secure_v to_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n peace_n and_o quietness_n towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o year_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n lord_n of_o the_o high_a powy_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n after_o who_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n be_v call_v powys-wenwynwyn_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o call_v powy_n fadoc_n the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o bromfield_n much_o about_o this_o time_n trahaern_n fychan_n a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o county_n of_o brecknock_n be_v sudden_o seize_v upon_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o llancor_n to_o confer_v about_o some_o business_n with_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n lord_n thereof_o and_o by_o a_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n tie_v to_o a_o horse_n tail_n and_o drag_v through_o the_o street_n of_o brecknock_n to_o the_o gallow_n where_o he_o be_v behead_v and_o his_o body_n hang_v up_o by_o the_o foot_n for_o three_o day_n which_o barbarity_n inflict_v upon_o he_o for_o no_o know_v just_a cause_n so_o frighten_v his_o brother_n wife_n and_o child_n that_o they_o flee_v their_o country_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o same_o usage_n the_o a.d._n 1198_o year_n
follow_v maelgon_n who_o have_v before_o rout_v his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n army_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n begin_v now_o to_o enlarge_v his_o territory_n and_o take_v in_o his_o brother_n castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o ystratmeyric_n also_o the_o young_a son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n about_o this_o time_n recover_v the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n from_o the_o norman_n the_o same_o summer_n gwenwynwyn_n take_v up_o a_o resolution_n of_o attempt_v to_o extend_v wales_n to_o its_o ancient_a limit_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n he_o raise_v a_o powerful_a army_n with_o which_o he_o first_o design_n to_o be_v avenge_v of_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n for_o the_o inhuman_a death_n of_o his_o cousin_n trahaern_a fychan_n and_o therefore_o he_o besiege_v his_o castle_n of_o payn_n in_o elfel_n where_o he_o make_v a_o protestation_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v take_v it_o for_o a_o far_a satisfaction_n to_o his_o revenge_n he_o will_v unmerciful_o ravage_v the_o whole_a country_n as_o far_o as_o severn_n but_o these_o mighty_a menace_n be_v soon_o blow_v over_o for_o he_o have_v neither_o batter_a engine_n nor_o pioner_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o lay_v before_o the_o castle_n for_o three_o week_n without_o effect_v any_o thing_n whereby_o the_o murderer_n have_v time_n enough_o to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o england_n for_o succour_n which_o they_o obtain_v for_o upon_o this_o geoffrey_n fitz-peter_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n levy_v a_o considerable_a army_n to_o which_o he_o join_v all_o the_o lord_n marcher_n and_o come_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o meet_v gwenwynwyn_n with_o who_o before_o he_o will_v hazard_v a_o battle_n he_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n to_o which_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o his_o adherent_n will_v in_o no_o wise_a hearken_v or_o condescend_v but_o return_v in_o answer_n that_o their_o business_n there_o be_v to_o be_v revenge_v of_o old_a injury_n do_v they_o hereupon_o the_o english_a lord_n resolve_v to_o enlarge_v prince_n gruffydh_n of_o south-wales_n who_o they_o know_v to_o be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n as_o he_o that_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o their_o hand_n and_o likewise_o to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n in_o his_o country_n therefore_o they_o right_o conclude_v he_o may_v be_v more_o serviceable_a to_o they_o when_o at_o liberty_n than_o under_o confinement_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o disappoint_v for_o he_o immediate_o get_v together_o a_o strong_a body_n of_o his_o countryman_n and_o join_v with_o the_o english_a advance_v towards_o the_o castle_n where_o they_o furious_o attack_v gwenwynwyn_n who_o make_v no_o less_o vigorous_a defence_n hereupon_o there_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a battle_n with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o length_n the_o english_a get_v the_o victory_n and_o gwenwynwyn_n lose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o common_a soldier_n if_o we_o believe_v matthew_n paris_n 3700_o man_n beside_o a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o best_a commander_n among_o who_o be_v anarawd_n son_n of_o eineon_n owen_n ap_fw-mi cadwalhon_n richard_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n and_o robert_n ap_fw-mi howel_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v likewise_o take_v prisoner_n with_o many_o more_o after_o this_o the_o english_a return_v home_o triumphant_o and_o requite_v prince_n gruffydh_n service_n with_o a_o perfect_a liberty_n who_o immediate_o partly_o by_o his_o own_o force_n partly_o by_o the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n repossess_v himself_o of_o all_o his_o dominion_n save_o the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o ystratmeyrie_n which_o his_o usurp_a brother_n maelgon_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n have_v during_o his_o confinement_n by_o the_o english_a take_v from_o he_o and_o still_o unjust_o detain_v hereupon_o some_o of_o prince_n gruffydh_n prime_a nobility_n and_o clergy_n come_v to_o he_o and_o offer_v he_o their_o endeavour_n of_o reconcile_a he_o to_o his_o brother_n and_o make_v he_o so_o apprehensive_a of_o his_o just_a displeasure_n at_o he_o that_o he_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n before_o they_o that_o in_o case_n his_o brother_n will_v give_v he_o hostage_n for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o own_o person_n he_o will_v deliver_v he_o up_o his_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n by_o a_o day_n appoint_v which_o proposal_n prince_n gruffydh_n accept_v of_o and_o according_o send_v he_o his_o demand_n but_o it_o be_v the_o least_o of_o maelgon_n intention_n to_o make_v good_a his_o part_n or_o else_o he_o be_v very_o unconstant_a in_o his_o resolution_n for_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o receive_v the_o hostage_n but_o instead_o of_o deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n he_o fortify_v it_o and_o put_v in_o a_o garrison_n for_o his_o own_o use_n and_o commit_v the_o hostage_n to_o the_o custody_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n prince_n gruffydh_n mortal_a enemy_n but_o not_o long_o after_o their_o innocency_n procure_v they_o a_o opportunity_n of_o a_o escape_n in_o the_o year_n 1199_o maelgon_n still_o pursue_v his_o hatred_n a.d._n 1199_o of_o his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n get_v a_o army_n wherewith_o he_o besiege_v his_o castle_n of_o dynerth_n which_o he_o be_v master_n of_o in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o then_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n prince_n gruffydh_n in_o lieu_n of_o this_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n and_o strong_o fortify_v it_o this_o year_n richard_n the_o first_o of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o chalons_n in_o france_n be_v shoot_v from_o the_o wall_n with_o a_o arrow_n whereof_o he_o not_o long_o after_o dye_v and_o leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n john_n who_o thereupon_o be_v with_o great_a solemnity_n crown_v at_o westminster_n but_o he_o can_v not_o expect_v to_o enjoy_v this_o kingdom_n peaceable_o for_o his_o elder_a brother_n geoffry_n plantagenet_n have_v leave_v a_o son_n behind_o he_o name_v arthur_n who_o right_a the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v by_o lineal_a descent_n which_o now_o therefore_o he_o just_o lay_v claim_v to_o and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n who_o espouse_a his_o quarrel_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v but_o before_o prince_n arthur_n have_v make_v sufficient_a preparation_n to_o carry_v on_o his_o design_n he_o be_v unexpected_o set_v upon_o by_o his_o uncle_n his_o army_n rout_v and_o he_o himself_o take_v prisoner_n and_o commit_v to_o safe_a custody_n not_o long_o after_o which_o he_o die_v and_o so_o king_n john_n be_v rid_v of_o his_o competitor_n a.d._n 1200_o the_o follow_a year_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi dye_v and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o monk_n cawl_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o conway_n which_o way_n of_o bury_v be_v very_o much_o practise_v especial_o by_o the_o better_a sort_n in_o those_o day_n for_o the_o monk_n and_o friar_n have_v delude_v the_o people_n into_o a_o strong_a conceit_n of_o the_o merit_n of_o it_o and_o have_v firm_o persuade_v they_o it_o be_v high_o conduce_v to_o their_o future_a happiness_n to_o be_v thus_o inter_v but_o this_o superstition_n together_o with_o the_o propagator_n of_o it_o they_o have_v late_o receive_v from_o england_n for_o the_o first_o abbey_n or_o monastery_n we_o read_v of_o in_o wales_n since_o the_o destruction_n of_o that_o famous_a house_n of_o bangor_n which_o favour_v of_o romish_a dregs_o be_v the_o ty-gwyn_n build_v in_o the_o year_n 1146._o after_o which_o they_o mighty_o increase_v and_o spread_v over_o all_o the_o country_n and_o now_o the_o fountain_n head_n begin_v to_o be_v corrupt_v for_o the_o clergy_n maintain_v a_o doctrine_n which_o their_o ancestor_n abhor_v as_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o write_n of_o that_o worthy_a divine_a ambrose_n telesinus_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o year_n 540._o when_v the_o christian_a faith_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v deliver_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n by_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n flow_v in_o this_o land_n in_o a_o pure_a and_o uncorrupted_a stream_n before_o it_o be_v infect_v and_o pollute_v by_o that_o proud_a and_o bloodthirsty_a monk_n augustine_n i_o say_v he_o then_o write_v and_o leave_v behind_o he_o as_o his_o own_o opinion_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o day_n these_o follow_a verse_n gwae'r_o offeiriad_v bid_v nys_n angreifftia_fw-la gwyd_fw-la ac_fw-la ny_fw-fr phregetha_fw-mi gwae_fw-la ny_fw-fr cheidw_n ei_fw-la gail_n ac_fw-la of_o yn_a figail_n ac_fw-la ny_n areilia_fw-la gwae_fw-la ni_fw-fr cheidw_n ei_fw-la dhefaid_fw-la rhae_fw-la bleidhie_a rhufeniaid_n a'i_fw-fr ffon_n gnwppa_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v then_o corrupt_a and_o that_o the_o british_a church_n persevere_v in_o the_o primitive_a and_o true_o apostolical_a profession_n of_o christianity_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o plant_v in_o the_o island_n and_o that_o no_o roman_a innovation_n have_v creep_v in_o
among_o they_o which_o afterward_o mighty_o increase_v when_o they_o be_v once_o introduce_v by_o augustin_n the_o monk_n this_o year_n likewise_o we_o find_v the_o spiteful_a and_o turbulent_a maelgon_n choose_v rather_o to_o persist_v still_o in_o his_o rebellion_n than_o to_o return_v to_o his_o allegiance_n and_o to_o prefer_v a_o small_a lucre_n to_o the_o love_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o country_n for_o now_o find_v that_o the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n be_v not_o tenable_a by_o his_o own_o power_n and_o force_n yet_o rather_o than_o deliver_v it_o up_o to_o his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n and_o thereby_o procure_v his_o favour_n he_o choose_v to_o sell_v it_o to_o his_o bitter_a enemy_n the_o english_a for_o a_o inconsiderable_a sum_n of_o money_n whereby_o he_o open_v they_o a_o free_a passage_n into_o all_o wales_n this_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o its_o chief_a defence_n and_o bulwark_n about_o this_o time_n madawc_n son_n of_o gruffydh_n maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n build_v the_o abbey_n of_o lanegwest_n common_o know_v by_o the_o english_a by_o the_o name_n of_o vale_fw-la crucii_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1201._o the_o valiant_a lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n a.d._n 1201_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n banish_v out_o of_o his_o territory_n his_o cousin_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi who_o he_o suspect_v of_o treasonable_a practice_n and_o therefore_o confiscate_v his_o land_n which_o be_v the_o cantref_o of_o lhyn_n and_o efyonyth_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n be_v slay_v at_o carâ—wilhion_n by_o treason_n whereupon_o his_o elder_a brother_n gruffydh_n possess_v himself_o of_o his_o castle_n in_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o all_o his_o land_n this_o gruffydh_n be_v a_o valiant_a and_o discreet_a prince_n and_o one_o that_o be_v like_a to_o bring_v all_o south-wales_n to_o good_a order_n and_o obedience_n for_o in_o all_o thing_n he_o tread_v in_o his_o father_n step_n and_o make_v it_o his_o business_n to_o succeed_v he_o as_o well_o in_o his_o valour_n and_o virtuous_a endowment_n as_o in_o his_o government_n but_o the_o vast_a hope_n conceive_v of_o he_o soon_o prove_v abortive_a for_o in_o the_o ensue_a a.d._n 1202_o year_n on_o s._n james_n day_n he_o die_v to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o loss_n of_o his_o country_n and_o short_o after_o be_v bury_v at_o ystratflur_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o solemnity_n he_o leave_v behind_o he_o for_o a_o successor_n a_o son_n call_v rhys_n which_o maud_n the_o daughter_n of_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n have_v bear_v he_o the_o follow_a year_n some_o of_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n march_v with_o a_o army_n towards_o the_o castle_n of_o gwerthrynion_n which_o belong_v to_o roger_n mortimer_n and_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n they_o take_v it_o and_o level_v it_o with_o the_o ground_n this_o year_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n calling_z to_o mind_v his_o estate_n and_o title_n and_o how_o all_o the_o welsh_a prince_n be_v oblige_v both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o those_o of_o howel_n dha_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n for_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o to_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o for_o their_o dominion_n yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o they_o know_v this_o to_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o that_o they_o former_o have_v ready_o perform_v it_o yet_o because_o of_o late_a year_n his_o predecessor_n have_v neglect_v to_o call_v they_o to_o their_o duty_n they_o now_o begin_v to_o imagine_v themselves_o exempt_v from_o it_o and_o some_o thought_n themselves_o accountable_a to_o no_o superior_a prince_n other_o deny_v subjection_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o hold_v their_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o put_v a_o stop_n therefore_o to_o the_o further_a growth_n of_o this_o contempt_n and_o to_o assert_v his_o own_o right_a prince_n lhewelyn_n summon_v all_o the_o welsh_a lord_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n appear_v and_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o but_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n neither_o come_v to_o this_o meeting_n nor_o will_v own_o the_o prince_n supremacy_n which_o stubborness_n and_o disobedience_n the_o prince_n acquaint_v his_o lord_n with_o whereupon_o they_o deliver_v their_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o gwenwynwyn_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o his_o duty_n or_o else_o forfeit_v his_o estate_n this_o all_o the_o lord_n consent_v to_o but_o elis_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n who_o be_v a_o intimate_a friend_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o the_o enact_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o but_o break_v off_o from_o the_o meeting_n much_o dissatisfy_v with_o their_o proceed_n notwithstanding_o which_v prince_n lhewelyn_n pursuant_n to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o lord_n raises_z a_o army_n and_o march_n towards_o powy_n but_o before_o he_o make_v any_o use_n of_o it_o he_o be_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o some_o learned_a and_o able_a man_n reconcile_v to_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o so_o gwenwynwyn_n become_v his_o dutiful_a subject_n which_o he_o confirm_v both_o by_o oath_n and_o write_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o without_o good_a reason_n that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n use_v all_o the_o caution_n imaginable_a to_o bind_v this_o man_n for_o he_o have_v swear_v allegiance_n before_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n lhewelyn_n have_v thus_o subject_v gwenwynwyn_n he_o think_v it_o now_o convenient_a to_o show_v likewise_o some_o mark_n of_o his_o resentment_n against_o his_o adherent_a elis_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n and_o therefore_o he_o strip_v he_o of_o all_o his_o land_n whereupon_o elis_n flee_v the_o country_n but_o not_o long_o after_o yield_v himself_o to_o the_o prince_n mercy_n he_o receive_v of_o he_o the_o castle_n of_o crogen_n and_o seven_o township_n beside_o and_o now_o have_v mention_v crogen_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o step_v a_o little_a out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o here_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o english_a former_o when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o reproach_v the_o welsh_a call_v they_o crogens_n the_o first_o occasion_n of_o it_o be_v this_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a to_o the_o mountain_n of_o berwin_n lay_v a_o while_n at_o oswestre_n during_o which_o time_n he_o detach_v a_o number_n of_o his_o man_n to_o try_v the_o passage_n into_o wales_n who_o as_o they_o will_v have_v pass_v offa_n ditch_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o crogen_n at_o which_o place_n there_o be_v a_o narrow_a way_n through_o the_o same_o ditch_n which_o appear_v now_o very_o deep_a through_o all_o that_o country_n and_o bear_v its_o old_a name_n these_o man_n i_o say_v as_o they_o will_v have_v pass_v this_o straight_a be_v meet_v by_o a_o party_n of_o welch_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o strain_n and_o bury_v in_o that_o ditch_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o grave_n there_o to_o be_v see_v and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o straight_o import_v as_o much_o be_v call_v in_o welsh_a adwy'r_a bedhaw_n the_o english_a therefore_o bear_v in_o mind_n this_o slaughter_n when_o ever_o they_o get_v any_o of_o the_o welsh_a into_o their_o clutch_n upbraid_v they_o with_o the_o name_n of_o crogen_n intimate_v thereby_o that_o they_o shall_v expect_v no_o more_o favour_n or_o mercy_n at_o their_o hand_n than_o they_o show_v they_o in_o the_o skirmish_n but_o this_o word_n which_o at_o first_o be_v rather_o a_o badge_n of_o reputation_n than_o disgrace_n to_o the_o welsh_a come_v afterward_o to_o be_v use_v in_o a_o bad_a sense_n and_o only_o then_o apply_v when_o they_o design_v to_o reproach_n and_o abuse_v they_o but_o to_o return_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o we_o find_v return_v home_o after_o he_o have_v successful_o assert_v his_o sovereignty_n over_o all_o wales_n and_o set_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a order_n and_o by_o the_o way_n he_o fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o bala_n in_o penlhyn_n about_o this_o time_n rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n the_o right_a prince_n of_o south-wales_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfry_n upon_o michaelmas-day_n this_o year_n lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n take_v to_o wife_n joan_n the_o daughter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o agatha_n daughter_n of_o robert_n ferrer_n earl_n of_o derby_n bear_v he_o with_o who_o he_o give_v the_o prince_n for_o a_o dowry_n the_o lordship_n of_o elsmere_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n a.d._n 1203_o prince_n rhys_n who_o we_o mention_v the_o year_n before_o to_o have_v take_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n win_v likewise_o the_o castle_n of_o llangadoc_n and_o put_v a_o garrison_n therein_o but_o he_o enjoy_v neither_o of_o they_o long_o for_o short_o after_o his_o uncle_n maelgon_n with_o his_o friend_n gwenwynwyn_n levy_v a_o powerful_a army_n and_o with_o it_o besiege_a and_o take_v the_o castle_n
of_o lhanymdhyfri_n thence_o they_o remove_v to_o lhangadoc_n and_o win_v the_o castle_n likewise_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o garrison_n be_v permit_v to_o march_v out_o quiet_o when_o they_o have_v take_v these_o two_o castle_n they_o go_v to_o dinerth_n where_o maelgon_n finish_v the_o castle_n he_o have_v former_o begin_v there_o this_o year_n likewise_o prince_n lhewelyn_n set_v at_o liberty_n his_o uncle_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi who_o make_v but_o a_o sorry_a return_n to_o this_o kindness_n for_o instead_o of_o live_v peaceable_o at_o home_n and_o enjoy_v that_o liberty_n that_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o flee_v to_o england_n and_o there_o get_v a_o army_n wherewith_o he_o attempt_v to_o restore_v himself_o to_o his_o ancient_a estate_n of_o north-wales_n but_o he_o miss_v his_o mark_n for_o his_o prudent_a nephew_n immediate_o meet_v he_o on_o his_o march_n and_o give_v he_o a_o shameful_a overthrow_a wherewith_o david_n be_v so_o mighty_o dishearten_v that_o he_o present_o return_v for_o england_n and_o short_o after_o die_v for_o mere_a sorrow_n the_o next_o year_n howel_n a_o blind_a a.d._n 1204_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n be_v slay_v at_o camae_n by_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n man_n and_o bury_v just_a by_o his_o brother_n gruffydh_n at_o ystratflur_n but_o notwithwand_v that_o maelgon_fw-mi in_o those_o day_n usurp_v all_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o south-wales_n yet_o his_o brother_n gruffydh_n son_n rhys_n and_o his_o brethren_n wan_a from_o he_o the_o chief_a defence_n of_o all_o that_o country_n to_o wit_n the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n and_o lhanymdhyfri_n about_o this_o time_n william_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n and_o take_v it_o and_o not_o long_o after_o maelgon_n a.d._n 1205_o hire_a a_o irishman_n to_o kill_v gadifor_n ap_fw-mi griffri_n after_o which_o horrid_a fact_n maelgon_v seize_v upon_o his_o four_o son_n and_o put_v they_o to_o death_n these_o be_v forward_o promise_v young_a gentleman_n and_o descend_v from_o a_o noble_a stock_n for_o their_o mother_n susanna_n be_v a_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_v howel_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n by_o a_o daughter_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n in_o the_o year_n 1206._o maelgon_v a.d._n 1206_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o abereneon_n at_o which_o time_n there_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o fish_n see_v at_o aberystwyth_n that_o the_o like_a number_n be_v never_o know_v to_o have_v come_v there_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n before_o a.d._n 1207_o this_o year_n the_o king_n of_o england_n banish_v the_o realm_n william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n and_o his_o wife_n on_o the_o account_n of_o a_o grudge_n that_o he_o bear_v his_o son_n and_o then_o seize_v upon_o all_o his_o land_n whereupon_o william_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o son_n flee_v to_o ireland_n and_o there_o continue_v for_o some_o time_n and_o this_o hardship_n he_o now_o undergo_v be_v the_o less_o pity_v because_o he_o exercise_v the_o great_a power_n he_o have_v in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n with_o extreme_a cruelty_n and_o injustice_n the_o same_o year_n gwenwynwyn_n come_v to_o shrewsbury_n to_o speak_v with_o the_o king_n council_n where_o he_o be_v detain_v prisoner_n whereupon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n conquer_v all_o his_o country_n take_v all_o his_o town_n and_o castle_n and_o garrison_v they_o for_o his_o own_o use_n this_o expedition_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n mighty_o alarm_v the_o usurp_a maelgon_n and_o the_o more_o because_o he_o have_v intelligence_n that_o lhewelyn_n be_v on_o his_o march_n towards_o south-wales_n therefore_o he_o now_o put_v himself_o in_o the_o best_a posture_n he_o can_v to_o receive_v he_o but_o find_v himself_o not_o able_a to_o abide_v the_o prince_n come_v and_o to_o withstand_v his_o force_n he_o demolish_v his_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n ystratmeyric_n and_o dinerth_n which_o before_o he_o have_v fortify_v notwithstanding_o which_v the_o prince_n come_v to_o aberystwyth_n and_o rebuild_v the_o castle_n and_o put_v a_o garrison_n therein_o after_o this_o he_o seize_v upon_o the_o cantref_o of_o penwedic_n and_o the_o land_n betwixt_o dyfi_n and_o aeron_n which_o he_o give_v to_o maelgon_n nephew_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o triumph_n not_o long_o after_o rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o lhangadoc_n and_o take_v it_o contrary_a to_o the_o promise_n and_o league_n he_o have_v make_v with_o his_o nephew_n forget_v likewise_o how_o free_o and_o ready_o they_o have_v administer_v to_o he_o in_o his_o necessity_n therefore_o to_o be_v avenge_v of_o this_o ingratitude_n and_o breach_n of_o promise_n rhys_n and_o owen_n no_o soon_o hear_v of_o it_o but_o they_o furious_o attack_v the_o castle_n and_o take_v it_o by_o assault_n and_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n or_o take_v prisoner_n all_o the_o garrison_n and_o then_o burn_v the_o castle_n to_o the_o ground_n a.d._n 1209_o this_o year_n king_n john_n levy_v a_o powerful_a army_n with_o which_o he_o make_v a_o voyage_n to_o ireland_n but_o as_o he_o be_v on_o the_o border_n of_o wales_n on_o his_o journey_n thitherwards_o there_o be_v a_o criminal_a bring_v before_o he_o who_o have_v murder_v a_o priest_n the_o officer_n desire_v to_o know_v the_o king_n pleasure_n how_o he_o will_v have_v the_o delinquent_n punish_v but_o the_o king_n instead_o of_o order_v any_o punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o he_o suitable_a to_o the_o heinousness_n of_o his_o crime_n discharge_v he_o with_o a_o well_o do_v thou_o good_a servant_n thou_o have_v slay_v my_o enemy_n for_o such_o he_o reckon_v the_o clergy_n of_o those_o day_n who_o be_v very_o ill-affected_a to_o his_o usurp_a arbitrary_a government_n and_o therefore_o he_o slight_o regard_v any_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v they_o nay_o think_v those_o do_v he_o good_a service_n who_o do_v they_o wrong_n he_o have_v not_o be_v long_o in_o ireland_n but_o he_o get_v into_o his_o clutch_n the_o unfortunate_a william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o young_a and_o his_o mother_n maud_n de_fw-fr saint_n valerike_a who_o we_o have_v mention_v afore_o to_o have_v quit_v england_n for_o fear_n of_o he_o and_o to_o have_v flee_v here_o for_o shelter_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n he_o bring_v these_o in_o triumph_n along_o with_o he_o and_o commit_v they_o to_o windsor-castle_n where_o by_o his_o order_n not_o long_o after_o they_o be_v inhuman_o famish_v the_o reason_n of_o king_n john_n displeasure_n against_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n lord_n of_o brecnock_n 303._o pag._n 303._o matthew_n paris_n deliver_v to_o be_v this_o when_o the_o pope_n have_v excommunicate_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o king_n to_o prevent_v any_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v ensue_v thereupon_o take_v pledge_n of_o such_o of_o his_o noble_n as_o he_o think_v be_v disaffect_v to_o he_o and_o will_v be_v like_a if_o occasion_n offer_v to_o countenance_n and_o promote_v a_o rebellion_n among_o other_o he_o send_v messenger_n to_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n to_o demand_v his_o son_n for_o pledge_n to_o who_o maud_n de_fw-fr bruce_n wife_n be_v the_o ready_a speaker_n answer_v though_o what_o she_o say_v be_v no_o less_o her_o husband_n sentiment_n than_o her_o own_o thar_z the_o king_n who_o have_v prove_v so_o base_a a_o guardian_n to_o his_o nephew_n prince_n arthur_n who_o instead_o of_o set_v in_o he_o deprive_v of_o his_o right_n shall_v have_v none_o of_o her_o child_n this_o answer_v the_o messenger_n deliver_v to_o the_o king_n whereat_o he_o be_v high_o displease_v that_o he_o order_v some_o soldier_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o seize_v this_o lord_n but_o he_o have_v timely_a intelligence_n of_o this_o order_n flee_v into_o ireland_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n where_o now_o his_o wife_n maud_n with_o her_o son_n be_v unfortunate_o take_v by_o king_n john_n but_o he_o himself_o escape_v and_o flee_v into_o france_n where_o not_o long_o after_o he_o die_v this_o year_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n rebuilt_a the_o castle_n of_o dyganwy_n situate_v on_o the_o seashore_n east_n of_o the_o river_n conway_n which_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v before_o demolish_v he_o likewise_o fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o treffynon_n or_o s._n wenefrid_n upon_o this_o lhewelyn_n enter_v into_o the_o earl_n land_n which_o when_o he_o have_v ravage_v sufficient_o he_o return_v home_o with_o considerable_a booty_n about_o this_o time_n rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n fear_v lest_o prince_n lhewelyn_n shall_v fall_v upon_o he_o for_o the_o wrong_n he_o have_v do_v to_o his_o nephew_n who_o he_o prince_n lhewelyn_n stiff_o defend_v in_o their_o right_n make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o ready_o grant_v he_o what_o succour_n he_o desire_v and_o with_o these_o he_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n the_o garrison_n
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ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi who_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v banish_v out_o of_o north-wales_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n chirke_n and_o yale_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n and_o governor_n of_o south_n wales_n with_o this_o formidable_a army_n he_o come_v to_o chester_n intend_v to_o enter_v into_o north-wales_n by_o that_o way_n and_o be_v full_o resolve_v to_o execute_v the_o severe_a vengeance_n upon_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o not_o to_o let_v one_o live_a soul_n remain_v alive_a throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o matter_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v easy_o resolve_v upon_o than_o accomplish_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v no_o soon_o inform_v of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n against_o he_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a strength_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o what_o be_v worst_a of_o all_o be_v assist_v by_o his_o own_o 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withstand_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n think_v it_o his_o best_a way_n to_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o some_o method_n or_o other_o to_o reconcile_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n and_o no_o better_a measure_n can_v possible_o be_v think_v of_o than_o to_o send_v joan_n his_o wife_n king_n john_n daughter_n to_o entreat_v with_o her_o father_n about_o a_o peace_n and_o a_o cessation_n of_o all_o hostility_n who_o be_v a_o prudent_a sly_a woman_n so_o prevail_v upon_o the_o king_n that_o he_o grant_v prince_n lhewelyn_n her_o husband_n a_o safe_a conduct_n to_o come_v to_o he_o and_o to_o renew_v the_o former_a peace_n and_o amity_n that_o be_v betwixt_o they_o and_o so_o lhewelyn_n have_v do_v homage_n promise_v the_o king_n towards_o his_o expense_n in_o this_o expedition_n 20000_o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o forty_o horse_n and_o what_o be_v more_o than_o all_o he_o grant_v all_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o wales_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o 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north-wales_n man_n in_o their_o revolt_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v any_o long_o the_o tyranny_n and_o oppreission_n which_o the_o king_n garrison_n exercise_v in_o his_o country_n call_v together_o gwenwynwyn_n from_o powy_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n from_o south-wales_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi maylor_n from_o bromfield_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n from_o cydewen_n and_o plain_o declare_v before_o they_o the_o pride_n and_o insolency_n of_o the_o english_a and_o how_o that_o they_o who_o be_v always_o use_v to_o have_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n be_v now_o by_o their_o own_o wilfulness_n and_o neglect_n become_v subject_n to_o stranger_n however_o it_o be_v not_o too_o late_o to_o recover_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o if_o they_o do_v but_o unanimous_o agree_v among_o themselves_o they_o may_v easy_o cast_v off_o that_o yoke_n which_o be_v so_o intolerable_o burdersome_a to_o 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token_n of_o honour_n and_o carry_v their_o arm_n and_o all_o other_o implement_n of_o war_n along_o with_o they_o no_o relief_n be_v arrive_v the_o castle_n the_o next_o day_n be_v according_o surrender_v and_o all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n observe_v and_o so_o young_a rhys_n be_v possess_v of_o dynefawr_n in_o a_o little_a time_n afterward_o bring_v all_o cantref-fawr_a to_o his_o subjection_n when_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v sensible_a how_o the_o stream_n run_v violent_o against_o he_o he_o think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o remove_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o all_o his_o other_o effect_n to_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n country_n and_o so_o leave_v lhanymdhyfry_a castle_n well_o man_v and_o fortify_v he_o depart_v towards_o aberystwyth_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o foulke_n be_v return_v to_o the_o march_n young_a rhys_n come_v with_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o welch_n and_o norman_n before_o lhanymdhyfry_n intend_v to_o besiege_v that_o place_n but_o before_o they_o 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another_o way_n and_o consequent_o in_o no_o good_a condition_n to_o help_v himself_o for_o have_v repent_v of_o all_o the_o indignity_n and_o stubborness_n he_o express_v against_o pope_n innocent_a at_o this_o time_n he_o receive_v penance_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o atone_v for_o all_o the_o severity_n he_o have_v practise_v against_o the_o church_n and_o to_o restore_v himself_o the_o more_o to_o his_o holiness_n favour_n he_o make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n tributary_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o pope_n in_o pay_v he_o the_o sum_n of_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a for_o ever_o and_o withal_o recall_v and_o restore_v to_o their_o former_a preferment_n and_o place_n all_o such_o as_o have_v be_v banish_v or_o have_v voluntary_o flee_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o strict_a adherence_n and_o submission_n to_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o the_o next_o year_n king_n 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entertain_v with_o all_o the_o expression_n and_o token_n of_o joy_n king_n john_n perceive_v how_o powerful_a they_o be_v like_a to_o prove_v and_o how_o that_o the_o country_n do_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n favour_v their_o cause_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o nip_v they_o in_o the_o bud_n and_o to_o fall_v upon_o they_o before_o they_o grow_v too_o strong_a and_o therefore_o have_v levy_v his_o force_n he_o march_v together_o with_o william_n martial_a earl_n of_o pembroke_n towards_o the_o castle_n of_o rochester_n be_v arrive_v there_o he_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o the_o governor_n william_n de_fw-fr abbineto_n so_o brave_o defend_v it_o that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v take_v after_o three_o month_n siege_n but_o at_o length_n the_o king_n man_n bear_v on_o so_o violent_o that_o they_o take_v it_o by_o a_o storm_n where_o beside_o william_n de_fw-fr abbineto_n the_o king_n take_v several_a of_o the_o baron_n prisoner_n this_o be_v a_o ill_a 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but_o rhy_n brother_n maelgon_n and_o owen_n go_v to_o north-wales_n and_o do_v homage_n and_o fealty_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n whilst_o their_o brother_n prince_n rhys_n march_v forward_o to_o cydwely_n and_o have_v raze_v the_o castle_n of_o carnwylheon_n and_o lhyâ—hwr_n bring_v all_o the_o country_n about_o under_o his_o subjection_n but_o this_o be_v â—ot_n enough_o to_o satisfy_v the_o ambitious_a humour_n of_o that_o young_a prince_n for_o have_v once_o taste_v the_o pleasure_n of_o victory_n and_o the_o take_n and_o demolish_n of_o town_n â—e_n be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v his_o conquest_n whilst_o fortune_n seem_v to_o favour_v his_o undertake_n and_o therefore_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n against_o talybont_n castle_n which_o belong_v to_o hugh_n de_fw-fr miles_n and_o force_v his_o entrance_n into_o the_o same_o he_o put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n the_o next_o day_n he_o march_v to_o sengennyth_n castle_n but_o the_o garrison_n which_o keep_v it_o think_v it_o fruitless_a and_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o oppose_v he_o burn_v the_o place_n and_o depart_v to_o ystymlhwynarth_n but_o he_o follow_v they_o at_o the_o heel_n and_o the_o next_o day_n take_v it_o and_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o overran_a the_o country_n in_o such_o a_o violent_a manner_n that_o in_o three_o day_n time_n he_o become_v master_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o fortress_n in_o all_o gowerland_n and_o morgannwe_n and_o so_o return_v home_o with_o great_a victory_n and_o triumph_n at_o the_o same_o time_n rhyt_n fychan_n otherwise_o rhys_n gryg_n young_a prince_n rhy_n uncle_n obtain_v his_o liberty_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n leave_v his_o son_n with_o two_o more_o for_o pledge_n for_o his_o modest_a and_o peaceable_a behaviour_n towards_o his_o subject_n who_o at_o other_o time_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o molest_v and_o oppress_v about_o this_o time_n the_o abbot_n of_o tal_n y_fw-fr llecheu_fw-la and_o tuy_n gwyn_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n the_o former_a of_o st._n david_n and_o the_o other_o of_o bangor_n but_o the_o bishop_n of_o hereford_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o most_o violent_o incline_v against_o king_n john_n and_o be_v otherwise_o unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o what_o he_o have_v get_v in_o wales_n can_v not_o for_o all_o that_o refuse_v the_o injunction_n of_o the_o pope_n by_o who_o express_a command_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o king_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o his_o return_n homeward_o he_o die_v at_o gloucester_n leave_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o brother_n reginald_n who_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n but_o for_o all_o that_o giles_n de_fw-fr bruce_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n be_v fall_v off_o and_o reconcile_v to_o king_n john_n yet_o prince_n lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o follow_v his_o example_n and_o therefore_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n he_o march_v against_o carmardhyn_n and_o take_v the_o castle_n in_o five_o day_n have_v raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n he_o successive_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanstephan_n st._n clear_a and_o talacharn_n which_o he_o use_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o cardigan_n and_o win_v emlyn_n castle_n he_o subdue_v cemaes_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o trefdraeth_n castle_n in_o english_a call_v newport_n he_o quick_o take_v it_o and_o afterward_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n his_o next_o design_n be_v upon_o aberteifi_n and_o cilgerraâ—_n castle_n but_o the_o garrison_n which_o defend_v they_o find_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o wait_v his_o come_n and_o so_o to_o withstand_v all_o his_o attempt_n against_o those_o place_n voluntary_o surrender_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v prevent_v all_o the_o mischief_n which_o in_o oppose_v he_o will_v in_o all_o probability_n unavoidable_o attend_v they_o and_o so_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v successful_o overrun_v and_o subdue_v all_o carmardhyn_a and_o cardigan_n triumphant_o return_v to_o north-wales_n be_v attend_v by_o several_a of_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n such_o as_o howel_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n of_o south_n wales_n rhys_n and_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n together_o with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n a.d._n 1216_o but_o the_o next_o year_n prince_n lhewelyn_n return_v to_o aberteifi_n to_o compose_v a_o difference_n which_o since_o his_o departure_n have_v happen_v betwixt_o maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n prince_n rhy_n son_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o rhys_n and_o owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n on_o the_o other_o therefore_o to_o make_v up_o this_o quarrel_n and_o to_o reduce_v all_o matter_n to_o a_o quiet_a and_o amicable_a issue_n prince_n lhewelyn_n make_v a_o equal_a distribution_n of_o south-wales_n betwixt_o they_o allot_v to_o maelgâ—n_n three_o cantref_n in_o dyfed_a viz._n gwarthaf_n penlhwynoc_n cemaes_n and_o emlyn_n with_o cilgerran_n castle_n to_o young_a rhys_n two_o castle_n in_o ystratywy_a hiruryn_n and_o maelhaen_n maenor_n bydfey_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfry_n and_o two_o in_o cardigan_n gwyâ—tâ—yth_v and_o mabwyneon_n his_o brother_n owen_n have_v to_o his_o share_n the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o nant_n your_o arian_n with_o three_o cantress_n in_o cardigan_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n otherwise_o call_v rhys_n gryc_a have_v dynefawr_n castle_n the_o cantref_n mawr_z the_o cantref_n bychan_n except_v hiruryn_n and_o midhfey_n together_o with_o the_o comote_n of_o cydwely_n and_o carnwylhion_n this_o division_n be_v accomplish_v to_o every_o one_o satisfaction_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n be_v amicable_o reconcile_v prince_n lhewelyn_n take_v his_o journey_n for_o north-wales_n but_o he_o have_v not_o advance_v very_o far_o when_o
news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n be_v revolt_v and_o be_v become_v again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n this_o unwelcome_a news_n strike_v very_o deep_a in_o the_o prince_n mind_n by_o reason_n that_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n and_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o repel_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n which_o now_o he_o be_v go_v off_o can_v not_o he_o fear_v be_v so_o well_o effect_v but_o however_o to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o a_o bad_a market_n he_o endeavour_v to_o take_v he_o off_o from_o the_o english_a and_o to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o former_a allegiance_n due_a to_o himself_o as_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o send_v to_o he_o some_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n how_o that_o he_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n have_v oblige_v himself_o to_o oppose_v the_o english_a to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o have_v deliver_v pledge_n for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o what_o he_o have_v then_o by_o oath_n engage_v in_o and_o lest_o he_o shall_v have_v forget_v what_o he_o have_v then_o promise_v he_o be_v desire_v to_o read_v his_o own_o hand_n write_v whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o have_v very_o unjust_o violate_v both_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n but_o all_o the_o rhetoric_n the_o bishop_n can_v make_v use_n of_o be_v not_o of_o force_n enough_o to_o work_v gwenwynwyn_n to_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o aversion_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o see_v nothing_o will_v do_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v resolve_v to_o make_v he_o incapable_a of_o serve_v the_o english_a and_o so_o enter_v powy_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n he_o subdue_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o himself_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v for_o succour_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o wales_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n of_o france_n be_v invite_v by_o the_o english_a baron_n against_o king_n john_n land_v in_o the_o island_n of_o thanet_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o london_n he_o there_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o baron_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o to_o winchester_n where_o king_n john_n then_o lay_v he_o take_v in_o his_o way_n the_o castle_n of_o rygat_n guildford_n and_o farnham_n and_o come_v to_o winchester_n have_v the_o town_n present_o surrender_v to_o he_o king_n john_n do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o abide_v his_o come_n but_o remove_v to_o hereford_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n he_o send_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o reynold_n bruce_n desire_v their_o friendship_n and_o implore_v their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n against_o the_o french_a but_o they_o refuse_v to_o hearken_v to_o his_o proposal_n he_o destroy_v radnor_n and_o hay_n castle_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o oswestry_n which_o belong_v to_o john_n fitzalan_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o depart_v towards_o the_o north._n but_o after_o that_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n there_o and_o appoint_v governor_n in_o all_o the_o town_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n whilst_o he_o be_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n at_o newark_n to_o confront_v the_o baron_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o worcester_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n henry_n be_v by_o several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n proclaim_v king_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n most_o of_o the_o baron_n who_o upon_o their_o hatred_n to_o king_n john_n have_v maintain_v a_o open_a war_n against_o he_o come_v in_o and_o own_v their_o allegiance_n to_o his_o son_n henry_n though_o contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n to_o lewis_n the_o dauphine_n a.d._n 1217_o but_o what_o be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o the_o welsh_a reynald_n de_fw-fr bruce_n who_o have_v all_o this_o while_n maintain_v a_o confederacy_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o father-in-law_n against_o king_n john_n underhand_o make_v his_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n but_o he_o suffer_v severe_o for_o his_o treachery_n for_o young_a rhys_n and_o owen_n his_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n see_v that_o he_o in_o who_o they_o put_v their_o great_a confidence_n have_v deceitful_o forsake_v they_o come_v upon_o he_o with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o take_v from_o he_o all_o buelht_n except_v only_o the_o castle_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v present_o make_v acquaint_v with_o bruce_n revolt_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o his_o son-in-law_n be_v go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o go_v in_o great_a fury_n to_o brecknoc_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o town_n of_o aberhondhy_a he_o be_v with_o much_o ado_n prevail_v upon_o by_o young_a rhys_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o then_o cross_v the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o glamorgan_n call_v the_o black_a mountain_n where_o his_o carriage_n suffer_v very_o much_o he_o come_v to_o gwyr_n and_o encamp_v at_o lhangruc_n reynald_n bruce_n with_o six_o knight_n in_o his_o company_n come_v to_o meet_v he_o desire_v his_o pardon_n for_o his_o pass_a offence_n assure_v he_o that_o for_o the_o future_a he_o will_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o will_v to_o his_o endeavour_n assist_v he_o against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v too_o good_a nature_a to_o reject_v his_o submission_n and_o so_o do_v not_o only_o receive_v he_o to_o his_o favour_n but_o bestow_v upon_o he_o also_o the_o castle_n of_o senghennyth_n which_o reynald_n commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o rhys_n fychan_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v settle_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a order_n in_o gwyr_n march_v to_o dyfed_a and_o be_v at_o cefn_n cynwarchan_n the_o fleming_n send_v their_o agent_n to_o he_o to_o desire_v peace_n which_o the_o prince_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o always_o adhere_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n will_v not_o grant_v they_o and_o so_o young_a rhys_n have_v the_o first_o man_n pass_v the_o river_n cledeu_n to_o storm_n the_o town_n jorwerth_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o clergy_n come_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o entreat_v for_o a_o peace_n for_o the_o fleming_n which_o after_o a_o long_a debate_n be_v grant_v and_o conclude_v upon_o these_o term_n first_o that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rhô_n and_o the_o country_n of_o pembroke_n shall_v from_o thence_o forward_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o ever_o after_o acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n second_o that_o towards_o the_o defray_n of_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o expedition_n they_o shall_v pay_v one_o thousand_o mark_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o before_o the_o ensue_a feast_n of_o st._n michael_n three_o that_o for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o twenty_o hostage_n who_o be_v to_o be_v some_o of_o the_o most_o principal_a person_n in_o their_o country_n then_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v now_o bring_v all_o wales_n subject_n to_o himself_o and_o put_v matter_n in_o a_o settle_a posture_n in_o south_n wales_n return_v to_o north-wales_n have_v purchase_v very_o considerable_a honour_n and_o esteem_v for_o his_o martial_a achievement_n in_o this_o expedition_n and_o now_o all_o matter_n of_o difference_n be_v adjust_v and_o the_o welsh_a in_o good_a hope_n of_o a_o durable_a freedom_n from_o all_o trouble_n and_o hostility_n another_o accident_n unhappy_o fall_v out_o to_o cross_v their_o expectation_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n perceive_v the_o english_a baron_n to_o slight_a and_o forsake_v he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o then_o the_o baron_n the_o king_n promise_v to_o answer_v all_o their_o request_n and_o to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n make_v their_o submission_n without_o include_v the_o welsh_a in_o their_o article_n they_o have_v all_o this_o while_n glad_o embrace_v the_o friendship_n and_o aid_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o now_o upon_o their_o reconciliation_n to_o the_o king_n think_v they_o have_v no_o far_o need_v of_o he_o they_o very_o base_o forsake_v he_o who_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a support_n and_o succour_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o conspire_v together_o to_o convert_v their_o arm_n against_o wales_n think_v they_o can_v without_o any_o breach_n of_o equity_n or_o conscience_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o make_v addition_n to_o what_o some_o of_o they_o have_v already_o unjust_o possess_v themselves_o of_o william_n martial_a earl_n of_o pembroke_n open_v the_o scene_n and_o come_v unexpected_o upon_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n of_o caerlheon_n but_o he_o
get_v nothing_o by_o this_o for_o rhys_n fychan_n perceive_v what_o he_o will_v fain_o be_v at_o raâ—ed_v senghennyth_n castle_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o custody_n in_o that_o country_n and_o banish_v the_o english_a with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n divide_v the_o country_n betwixt_o a.d._n 1218_o the_o welsh_a who_o keep_v sure_a possession_n of_o it_o prince_n lhewelyn_n also_o find_v those_o to_o become_v his_o foe_n who_o have_v but_o late_o court_v his_o friendship_n and_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o english_a be_v now_o in_o arm_n shall_v make_v any_o attempt_n upon_o his_o castle_n augment_v the_o garrison_n of_o carmardhyn_n and_o aberteifi_n to_o make_v they_o capable_a of_o withstand_v the_o english_a in_o case_n they_o shall_v come_v against_o they_o but_o though_o the_o welsh_a and_o english_a be_v at_o open_a variance_n and_o in_o actual_a hostility_n one_o against_o another_o yet_o young_a rhys_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n approbation_n and_o consent_n think_v it_o advisable_v to_o go_v and_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o his_o land_n in_o wales_n this_o may_v be_v think_v a_o matter_n of_o supererogation_n to_o make_v courtship_n to_o one_o who_o be_v declare_v enemy_n to_o all_o the_o welsh_a and_o one_o that_o will_v not_o in_o all_o probability_n suffer_v he_o to_o enjoy_v a_o quiet_a possession_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o case_n he_o have_v ability_n and_o opportunity_n to_o eject_v he_o but_o the_o welsh_a interest_n be_v a.d._n 1219_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n augment_v by_o a_o new_a alliance_n with_o some_o of_o the_o most_o powerful_a among_o the_o english_a rhys_n gryc_a prince_n rhy_n son_n be_v marry_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n daughter_n and_o marret_n prince_n lhewelyn_n daughter_n to_o john_n bruce_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n have_v quick_o a_o occasion_n to_o a.d._n 1220_o experience_n his_o power_n for_o the_o fleming_n in_o dyfed_a who_o have_v late_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o 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so_o the_o english_a retire_v over_o the_o river_n matthew_z paris_z writes_z that_o the_o earl_n obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n and_o that_o of_o the_o welsh_a there_o be_v nine_o thousand_o slay_v and_o take_v though_o the_o welsh_a account_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o best_a make_v the_o whole_a army_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o consist_v but_o of_o that_o number_n but_o both_o army_n have_v lie_v for_o certain_a day_n in_o that_o posture_n and_o the_o river_n tywy_n be_v betwixt_o they_o gruffydh_n by_o reason_n that_o provision_n begin_v to_o grow_v scarce_o in_o his_o camp_n return_v back_o and_o then_o the_o earl_n decamp_v and_o march_v to_o cilgerran_n where_o he_o begin_v to_o build_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n but_o before_o he_o can_v have_v time_n to_o finish_v it_o he_o receive_v a_o express_a from_o the_o king_n with_o order_n to_o come_v to_o he_o and_o so_o he_o go_v by_o sea_n to_o london_n leave_v his_o army_n at_o 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subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o so_o be_v advance_v into_o the_o march_n he_o encamp_v at_o ceri_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v inform_v of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n in_o england_n and_o understanding_n that_o they_o be_v intend_v against_o he_o do_v use_v all_o the_o endeavour_n possible_a to_o make_v a_o vigorous_a resistance_n and_o have_v draw_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o be_v able_a to_o levy_v think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o meet_v the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o not_o to_o permit_v the_o enemy_n to_o enter_v his_o country_n both_o army_n be_v come_v in_o sight_n of_o each_o other_o frequent_a skirmish_n happen_v betwixt_o they_o but_o one_o day_n almost_o the_o whole_a army_n engage_v and_o after_o a_o vigorous_a attack_z of_o both_o side_n the_o english_a at_o last_o get_v the_o worst_a and_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v have_v a_o great_a many_o man_n slay_v and_o take_v prisoner_n among_o the_o latter_a be_v william_n bruce_n reynald_n son_n who_o offer_v for_o his_o ransom_n all_o buelht_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o the_o prince_n will_v not_o accept_v of_o but_o king_n henry_n find_v that_o his_o army_n be_v worsted_n in_o this_o rencounter_n think_v it_o best_a to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n which_o be_v conclude_v lhewelyn_n come_v to_o the_o king_n and_o have_v pay_v he_o all_o other_o respect_n beside_o that_o of_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n he_o return_v in_o great_a honour_n to_o north-wales_n but_o this_o action_n be_v somewhat_o otherwise_o lay_v down_o by_o matthew_n paris_n who_o write_v that_o this_o skirmish_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a happen_v upon_o a_o other_o account_n for_o the_o garrison_n of_o montgomery_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n to_o enlarge_v a_o certain_a passage_n lead_v through_o a_o wood_n where_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o rob_v and_o kill_v all_o passenger_n begin_v to_o fell_v the_o timber_n and_o cut_v down_o all_o the_o bush_n which_o lessen_v the_o road_n thereby_o to_o make_v the_o passage_n more_o clear_a and_o secure_a the_o welsh_a receive_v intelligence_n of_o this_o come_v present_o upon_o he_o in_o great_a number_n and_o surprise_v the_o enemy_n be_v busy_a at_o their_o labour_n force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v escape_v to_o betake_v themselves_o for_o refuge_n into_o the_o castle_n which_o afterward_o have_v first_o cast_v a_o deep_a trench_n about_o it_o they_o smart_o invest_v hâ—bert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o castle_n have_v notice_n of_o this_o send_v present_o to_o king_n henry_n desire_v his_o speedy_a help_n against_o the_o welsh_a who_o thereupon_o come_v in_o person_n with_o part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n then_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n be_v arrive_v he_o march_v into_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o growth_n impassable_a and_o for_o a_o easy_a passage_n through_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v down_o after_o that_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n far_o into_o the_o country_n and_o come_v to_o a_o abbey_n call_v cridia_n which_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o take_v for_o refuge_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v down_o but_o find_v it_o a_o very_a convenient_a place_n for_o a_o fortress_n he_o grant_v leave_v to_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n to_o build_v a_o castle_n there_o but_o whilst_o the_o work_n be_v go_v on_o the_o welshman_n gaul_v the_o english_a and_o skirmish_v with_o they_o frequent_o so_o that_o many_o be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o last_o william_n bruce_n with_o many_o other_o that_o go_v abroad_o to_o fetch_v provision_n be_v intercept_v by_o the_o welsh_a and_o take_v prisoner_n and_o most_o of_o his_o company_n be_v slay_v among_o who_o one_o who_o be_v knight_v a_o few_o day_n before_o see_v some_o of_o his_o fellow_n in_o great_a danger_n rush_v bold_o into_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o after_o a_o manful_a defence_n brave_o lose_v his_o life_n several_a of_o king_n henry_n man_n be_v corrupt_v by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n take_v no_o great_a pain_n to_o repulse_v the_o enemy_n which_o when_o the_o king_n perceive_v and_o find_v withal_o the_o provision_n be_v grow_v very_o scarce_o in_o his_o camp_n he_o be_v force_v to_o conclude_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o the_o welsh_a consent_v to_o demolish_v that_o castle_n which_o with_o so_o great_a a_o expense_n both_o of_o man_n and_o money_n be_v now_o almost_o finish_v upon_o his_o own_o charge_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pay_v only_o three_o thousand_o pound_n towards_o it_o then_o both_o army_n separate_v prince_n lhewelyn_n march_v to_o north-wales_n and_o the_o king_n leave_v william_n bruce_n prisoner_n with_o the_o welsh_a return_v to_o england_n have_v purchase_v no_o small_a discredit_v in_o this_o expedition_n william_n bruce_n be_v bring_v to_o wales_n and_o there_o have_v a.d._n 1230_o a_o honourable_a confinement_n in_o the_o prince_n his_o palace_n but_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v there_o very_o long_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v suspect_v of_o be_v too_o familiar_a with_o the_o princess_n king_n henry_n sister_n and_o as_o the_o report_n go_v be_v takeâ—_n in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o adultery_n for_o which_o the_o prince_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v hang_v forthwith_o about_o the_o same_o time_n lhewelyn_n maelgon_n son_n die_v in_o north-wales_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o conwey_n and_o maelgon_n prince_n rhys_n his_o son_n in_o south-wales_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o ystratflur_n who_o estate_n descend_v to_o his_o son_n maelgon_n and_o a_o little_a after_o william_n martial_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n a.d._n 1231_o dye_v one_o that_o ever_o entertain_v a_o
inveterate_a enmity_n to_o the_o welsh_a and_o upon_o who_o account_n king_n henry_n have_v chief_o bring_v his_o army_n into_o wales_n he_o be_v succeed_v both_o in_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n by_o his_o brother_n richard_n who_o be_v much_o more_o favourable_o incline_v towards_o the_o welsh_a and_o never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v resolve_v to_o retrieve_v the_o honour_n he_o have_v lose_v in_o the_o late_a expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o be_v return_v from_o france_n whither_o he_o have_v make_v a_o descent_n to_o recover_v what_o his_o father_n have_v lose_v in_o that_o kingdom_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n and_o have_v remain_v some_o time_n in_o the_o march_n he_o return_v again_o to_o england_n leave_v his_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hubert_n burgh_n earl_n of_o kent_n to_o defend_v the_o march_n against_o any_o inroad_n which_o the_o welsh_a may_v attempt_v and_o he_o have_v not_o remain_v there_o long_o when_o he_o receive_v intelligence_n that_o a_o party_n of_o welch_n have_v enter_v the_o march_n near_o montgomery_n who_o he_o forthwith_o pursue_v and_o set_v upon_o they_o surprize_o he_o put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n prince_n lhewylyn_n hear_v this_o come_v in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o fit_v before_o montgomery_n castle_n he_o force_v hubert_n to_o withdraw_v and_o then_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o place_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o put_v the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n the_o like_a fate_n attend_v the_o castle_n of_o radnor_n aberhondhy_n rhayadr_n gwy_n caerlheon_n neth_n and_o cydwe_o though_o caerlheon_n hold_v out_o very_o stubborn_o and_o the_o prince_n have_v several_a of_o his_o man_n destroy_v before_o the_o place_n king_n henry_n be_v inform_v of_o what_o miserable_a desolation_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n so_o successful_o commit_v upon_o his_o subject_n in_o these_o country_n have_v he_o present_o excommunicate_v and_o then_o come_v to_o hereford_n with_o a_o mighty_a army_n he_o detach_v the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n to_o wales_n these_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o a_o friar_n of_o cymer_n unexpected_o as_o they_o think_v fall_v upon_o a_o party_n of_o welsh_a who_o at_o the_o first_o encounter_n seem_v to_o fly_v till_o they_o have_v allure_v the_o english_a to_o pursue_v they_o to_o a_o place_n where_o a_o great_a party_n of_o welch_n lie_v in_o ambuscade_n who_o rush_v of_o a_o sudden_a upon_o the_o english_a put_v they_o in_o such_o a_o confusion_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o king_n be_v sensible_a that_o this_o be_v a_o treacherous_a insinuation_n of_o the_o friar_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v by_o burn_v the_o abbey_n of_o cymer_n but_o the_o prior_n for_o three_o hundred_o mark_n prevent_v it_o and_o so_o the_o king_n return_v to_o england_n have_v effect_v nothing_o in_o this_o expedition_n beside_o the_o build_n of_o maud_n castle_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n maelgon_n son_n of_o maelgon_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n lay_v siege_n to_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v by_o force_n get_v entry_n into_o the_o town_n he_o put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n then_o destroy_v all_o before_o he_o to_o the_o castle_n gate_n which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v that_o it_o seem_v almost_o impracticable_a to_o take_v it_o in_o any_o short_a time_n but_o maelgon_n be_v join_v by_o his_o cousin_n owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v the_o utmost_a that_o can_v be_v effect_v and_o therefore_o take_v with_o he_o some_o of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n most_o experience_a officer_n â—e_z break_v down_o the_o bridge_n upon_o the_o river_n teifi_n and_o â—hen_o invest_v the_o castle_n more_o close_o he_o so_o batter_a â—nd_n undermine_v it_o that_o he_o become_v in_o a_o little_a time_n master_n of_o it_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n lhewelyn_n make_v a_o descent_n a.d._n 1232_o upon_o england_n and_o have_v commit_v very_o considerable_a waste_n and_o destruction_n upon_o the_o border_n he_o return_v to_o north-wales_n with_o a_o rich_a booty_n both_o of_o man_n and_o cattle_n king_n henry_n to_o correct_v the_o welsh_a for_o these_o grievous_a devastation_n and_o to_o prevent_v their_o further_a incursion_n into_o england_n demand_v a_o very_a great_a subsidy_n of_o his_o subject_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n for_o his_o expedition_n to_o wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n randulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v in_o that_o honour_n by_o john_n his_o sister_n son_n who_o be_v afterward_o marry_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n daughter_n but_o the_o english_a in_o wales_n be_v in_o expectation_n of_o king_n henry_n come_n thither_o begin_v to_o repair_v and_o fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o particular_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n rebuilt_a radnor_n castle_n a.d._n 1233_o which_o the_o prince_n have_v late_o destroy_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v sufficient_o sensible_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n intend_v a_o invasion_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v beforehand_o with_o he_o he_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o brecknock_n destroy_v all_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n throughout_o the_o country_n except_v brecknock_n castle_n which_o hold_v out_o so_o manful_o that_o after_o a_o month_n sit_v before_o it_o he_o be_v at_o last_o constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n in_o his_o return_n to_o north-wales_n he_o burn_v the_o town_n of_o clûn_n recoverâ—â—_n all_o that_o country_n call_v dyffryn_n tefeidiat_a in_o the_o possession_n of_o john_n fitz-alan_n destroy_v red_a castle_n in_o powy_n and_o burn_v oswestry_n but_o what_o happen_v very_o fortunate_o to_o the_o welsh_a richard_n marshal_v earl_n of_o pembroke_n be_v fall_v at_o variance_n with_o king_n henry_n take_v part_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n with_o who_o join_v hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n who_o have_v late_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o devizes_n where_o the_o king_n upon_o some_o article_n of_o information_n bring_v against_o he_o have_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n attend_v by_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n come_v to_o s._n david_n and_o be_v very_o glad_a of_o a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v himself_o upon_o the_o king_n slay_v every_o one_o thaâ—_n own_v any_o dependence_n upon_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n maelgon_n and_o rhys_n gryc_a with_o all_o the_o force_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n quick_o join_v the_o earl_n who_o in_o their_o march_n through_o the_o country_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o caâ—dyff_fw-mi abergevenny_n pencelhy_n blaenlhefyni_n and_o bwlch_n y_fw-fr ddinas_fw-la which_o all_o except_v cardyff_fw-mi they_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o king_n receive_v intelligence_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o that_o he_o be_v now_o iâ—_n open_a hostility_n against_o his_o subject_n in_o that_o country_n gather_v a_o very_a formidable_a army_n consist_v beside_o english_a of_o fleming_n norman_n and_o gascoign_n and_o come_v to_o wales_n he_o encamp_v at_o grosmont_n where_o the_o earl_n with_o the_o welsh_a army_n meet_v he_o but_o when_o the_o english_a will_v have_v endeavour_v to_o advance_v further_o into_o the_o country_n the_o welsh_a oppose_v they_o and_o so_o a_o battle_n ensue_v wherein_o the_o english_a lose_v five_o hundred_o horse_n beside_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o their_o infantry_n the_o welsh_a have_v gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n in_o this_o action_n the_o king_n be_v advise_v to_o withdraw_v his_o force_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o welsh_a shall_v again_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o so_o sustain_v a_o great_a loss_n which_o counsel_n the_o king_n willing_o hearken_v unto_o and_o so_o he_o return_v for_o england_n the_o english_a be_v withdraw_v the_o earl_n likewise_o decamp_v and_o march_v to_o caermardhyn_n which_o he_o besiege_v but_o after_o three_o month_n in_o vain_a assault_n the_o garrison_n most_o brave_o defend_v the_o place_n and_o the_o english_a fleet_n have_v throw_v in_o new_a provision_n he_o think_v it_o most_o adviseable_a to_o raise_v the_o siege_n short_o after_o rhys_n gryc_a son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n die_v at_o lhandeilo_n fawr_n and_o be_v honourable_o inter_v by_o his_o father_n at_o s._n david_n about_o the_o same_o time_n maelgon_n fychan_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n his_o son_n finish_v trefilan_n castle_n which_o be_v begin_v in_o his_o father_n time_n a.d._n 1234_o king_n henry_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o hazard_v any_o more_o campaign_n in_o wales_n and_o therefore_o he_o appoint_v john_n of_o monmouth_n a_o great_a soldier_n and_o general_n of_o the_o english_a force_n
warden_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n who_o think_v to_o get_v to_o himself_o a_o eternal_a name_n in_o conquer_a the_o welsh_a raise_v all_o the_o power_n he_o can_v and_o imagine_v that_o the_o welsh_a can_v not_o be_v privy_a to_o his_o purpose_n he_o apprehend_v he_o can_v fall_v upon_o the_o earl-marshal_n unexpected_a but_o in_o this_o he_o be_v to_o his_o sorrow_n most_o wide_o mistake_v for_o the_o earl_n have_v receive_v private_a intimation_n of_o his_o design_n hide_v himself_o â—n_o a_o certain_a wood_n by_o which_o the_o english_a be_v to_o march_v and_o when_o they_o be_v come_v so_o far_o the_o welsh_a of_o a_o sudden_a give_v a_o great_a shout_n and_o leap_v out_o of_o the_o place_n they_o have_v abscond_v themselves_o in_o they_o fall_v â—pon_o the_o english_a be_v unprovided_a and_o put_v their_o whole_a army_n to_o flight_n they_o slay_v a_o infinite_a number_n both_o of_o the_o english_a and_o their_o auxiliary_n john_n of_o monmouth_n himself_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o the_o earl-marshal_n enter_v his_o country_n destroy_v it_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o what_o add_v to_o the_o misery_n of_o the_o english_a prince_n lhewelyn_n in_o the_o week_n after_o epiphany_n join_v the_o earl-marshal_n make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o king_n territory_n destroy_v all_o before_o they_o from_o the_o confine_n of_o wales_n to_o shrewsbury_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o they_o lay_v in_o ash_n king_n henry_n be_v all_o this_o while_n with_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n at_o gloucester_n and_o for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a power_n or_o courage_n to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n dare_v not_o take_v the_o field_n of_o which_o be_v at_o length_n perfect_o ashamed_a he_o remove_v to_o winchester_n leave_v the_o march_n naked_a to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o now_o there_o be_v no_o apprehension_n of_o fear_n from_o the_o english_a the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o geoffrey_n de_fw-fr marisco_n transport_v his_o army_n into_o ireland_n think_v to_o obtain_v a_o conquest_n in_o that_o kingdom_n but_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_n with_o the_o irish_a he_o be_v unfortunate_o slay_v through_o the_o treachery_n of_o his_o own_o man_n and_o so_o his_o estate_n and_o title_n descend_v to_o his_o brother_n gilbert_n but_o king_n henry_n find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o force_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o submission_n and_o be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n weary_a of_o continual_a war_n and_o incessant_a hostility_n think_v it_o his_o best_a prudence_n to_o make_v some_o honourable_a agreement_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o therefore_o he_o depute_v edmund_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n the_o bishop_n of_o rochester_n coventry_n and_o lichfield_n and_o chester_n to_o treat_v with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n about_o a_o peace_n when_o the_o king_n come_v to_o meet_v with_o they_o in_o their_o return_n from_o this_o negotiation_n be_v at_o woodstock_n he_o be_v certify_v of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n which_o he_o take_v so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o he_o present_o melt_v into_o tear_n be_v afflict_v for_o the_o death_n of_o so_o great_a a_o person_n who_o he_o open_o declare_v have_v not_o leave_v his_o second_o in_o all_o his_o kingdom_n go_v from_o thence_o to_o gloucester_n he_o meet_v with_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n who_o deliver_v to_o he_o the_o appendix_n the_o see_v the_o appendix_n form_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o he_o will_v not_o conclude_v unless_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o all_o the_o english_a nobility_n who_o be_v confederated_a with_o he_o and_o by_o evil_a counsel_n be_v exile_v shall_v be_v recall_v and_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n favour_n the_o archbishop_n further_o acquaint_v his_o majesty_n with_o what_o difficulty_n he_o have_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o this_o conclusion_n be_v sometime_o force_v to_o add_v threaten_n on_o the_o king_n behalf_n with_o his_o clergy_n to_o which_o menace_n the_o prince_n be_v say_v to_o have_v answer_v that_o he_o bear_v more_o regard_n to_o the_o king_n charity_n and_o piety_n than_o he_o do_v fear_v his_o arm_n or_o dread_v his_o clergy_n but_o the_o king_n who_o be_v very_o desirous_a of_o a_o peace_n ready_o consent_v to_o what_o the_o prince_n require_v and_o therefore_o he_o issue_v out_o his_o letter_n recall_v all_o the_o noble_n who_o be_v outlaw_v or_o otherwise_o exile_v require_v they_o to_o appear_v at_o gloucester_n upon_o sunday_n next_o before_o ascension_n day_n where_o they_o shall_v receive_v their_o pardon_n and_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o estate_n which_o the_o king_n have_v take_v into_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a prince_n lhewelyn_n set_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n at_o liberty_n who_o for_o his_o disobedient_a and_o restless_a humour_n he_o have_v detain_v in_o close_a prison_n for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o year_n about_o the_o same_o time_n cadwalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maelgon_fw-mi of_o melienydh_n depart_v this_o life_n who_o be_v quick_o follow_v by_o owen_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhy_n son_n a_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o exceed_o belove_v and_o a.d._n 1235_o be_v bury_v at_o ystratflur_n by_o his_o brother_n rhys_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v dye_v owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n of_o cydewen_n and_o not_o long_o after_o he_o madawc_n 1236._o a._n d._n 1236._o the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n mayelor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n chirk_n and_o yale_n who_o be_v bury_v at_o the_o abbey_n of_o lhan_n egwest_n or_o vale_fw-la crucis_fw-la which_o he_o have_v build_v leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o one_o son_n call_v gruffydh_n who_o succeed_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o all_o these_o lordship_n a_o little_a after_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n get_v by_o treachery_n marchen_a castle_n which_o belong_v to_o morgan_n ap_fw-mi howel_n and_o fortify_v the_o same_o very_o strong_o for_o fear_v of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n the_o next_o spring_n joan_n king_n john_n daughter_n and_o princess_n of_o wales_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v a.d._n 1237_o bury_v according_a to_o her_o own_o desire_n upon_o the_o seashore_n at_o a_o place_n call_v lhanfaes_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n where_o the_o prince_n in_o memory_n of_o she_o afterward_o found_v a_o religious_a house_n for_o the_o order_n of_o mendicant-friar_n about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o die_v john_n scot_n earl_n of_o chester_n without_o any_o issue_n upon_o which_o account_n the_o king_n seize_v that_o earldom_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n hugh_n lupus_n be_v the_o first_o that_o enjoy_v this_o honour_n who_o come_v over_o to_o england_n with_o the_o conqueror_n be_v by_o he_o create_v earl_n of_o chester_n and_o sword-bearer_n of_o england_n habendum_fw-la &_o tenendum_fw-la dictum_fw-la comitatum_fw-la cestriae_fw-la sibi_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la ita_fw-la liberè_fw-la ad_fw-la gladium_fw-la sicut_fw-la ipse_fw-la rex_fw-la totam_fw-la tenebat_fw-la angliam_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v the_o say_a county_n of_o chester_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n by_o right_a of_o the_o sword_n so_o free_o and_o secure_o as_o the_o king_n hold_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n in_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n after_o five_o descent_n randulph_n bohun_n come_v to_o be_v earl_n of_o chester_n who_o be_v uncle_n to_o this_o john_n the_o last_o earl_n this_o randulph_n have_v several_a encounter_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o be_v in_o continual_a agitation_n against_o he_o but_o once_o more_o particular_o meet_v with_o the_o prince_n and_o be_v sensible_a of_o his_o inability_n to_o withstand_v he_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v for_o refuge_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n which_o the_o prince_n present_o besiege_v randulph_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v in_o danger_n send_v to_o roger_n lacie_n constable_n of_o chester_n 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be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n and_o hereford_n john_n de_fw-fr monmouth_n roger_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr alto_fw-mi and_o other_o who_o injure_v and_o oppress_v his_o people_n with_o who_o he_o fight_v divers_a time_n and_o with_o various_a success_n a.d._n 1245_o but_o in_o the_o lent-time_n next_o year_n the_o marcher_n and_o the_o welsh_a meet_v near_o montgomery_n between_o who_o be_v fight_v a_o very_a severe_a battle_n the_o governor_n of_o that_o castle_n be_v general_n of_o the_o english_a and_o have_v â—unningly_o place_v a_o ambuscade_n of_o man_n pretend_a â—fter_o some_o short_a engagement_n to_o flee_v who_o the_o welsh_a dare_o pursue_v not_o think_v of_o any_o treachery_n bat_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v past_o the_o ambushment_n â—p_n rise_v a_o unexpected_a party_n of_o man_n who_o fall_v upâ—n_v the_o back_n of_o the_o welsh_a put_v they_o to_o a_o very_a great_a â—isorder_n and_o kill_v about_o three_o hundred_o
time_n and_o so_o return_v to_o england_n but_o lord_n james_n audley_n who_o daughter_n be_v marry_v to_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n do_v more_o mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o welsh_a who_o have_v bring_v over_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n from_o germany_n to_o serve_v against_o the_o welsh_a so_o terrify_v they_o with_o the_o unusual_a largeness_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o unaccustomed_a manner_n of_o sight_v that_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_v the_o welsh_a be_v easy_o overcome_v buâ—_n mind_v to_o revenge_v this_o disgrace_n and_o withal_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o their_o method_n of_o arm_n the_o welsh_a in_o a_o little_a after_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o lord_n audley_n land_n where_o the_o german_n present_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o pursue_v they_o to_o certain_a strait_n which_o the_o welsh_a discover_v for_o a_o politic_a retreat_n the_o german_n think_v they_o have_v entire_o drive_v the_o welsh_a away_o return_v careless_o back_o but_o 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the_o king_n of_o england_n quarrel_n have_v forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o all_o buelht_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n take_v the_o castle_n where_o be_v find_v a_o plentiful_a magazine_n he_o march_v through_o all_o south-wales_n confirm_v his_o conquest_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aber_n a.d._n 1261_o betwixt_o bangor_n and_o conwey_n the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1262_o owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n die_v but_o the_o next_o summer_n be_v somewhat_o more_o note_v for_o action_n a_o party_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n man_n take_v by_o surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o melienyth_n belong_v to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n and_o have_a put_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n they_o take_v howel_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n the_o governor_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n prisoner_n and_o after_o that_o the_o castle_n be_v demolish_v by_o the_o prince_n order_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n hear_v of_o this_o with_o a_o great_a body_n 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and_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o their_o man_n slay_v after_o this_o nothing_o remarkable_a fall_v out_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o david_n be_v release_v out_o of_o prison_n by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o brother_n most_o ungrateful_o forsake_v he_o and_o with_o all_o his_o might_n side_v with_o his_o enemy_n the_o english_a also_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n have_v take_v the_o castle_n of_o mold_n demolish_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n during_o this_o quiet_a and_o unactive_a interval_n in_o wales_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n the_o main_a support_n and_o defender_n of_o south-wales_n die_v to_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o country_n and_o now_o indeed_o the_o welsh_a be_v like_a to_o be_v a.d._n 1268_o make_v sensible_a of_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o person_n for_o king_n henry_n be_v resolve_v once_o more_o to_o lead_v a_o army_n into_o wales_n and_o to_o see_v if_o he_o can_v have_v better_a 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article_n of_o agreement_n betwixt_o he_o and_o king_n henry_n so_o that_o nothing_o more_o be_v outrageous_o transact_v between_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a during_o the_o remainder_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n within_o that_o space_n die_v grono_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o prince_n council_n and_o short_o after_o he_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n who_o lie_v bury_v at_o vale-crucis_a a.d._n 1272_o but_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welch_n who_o die_v on_o the_o 16_o day_n of_o november_n this_o year_n leave_v this_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n edward_n prince_n edward_n be_v then_o in_o the_o holy-land_n and_o very_o active_a against_o those_o enemy_n of_o christianity_n the_o turk_n where_o he_o have_v already_o continue_v above_o a_o year_n but_o understand_v of_o his_o father_n death_n and_o that_o in_o his_o absence_n he_o be_v proclaim_v king_n of_o england_n he_o make_v all_o haste_n to_o return_v to_o receive_v the_o solemnity_n of_o coronation_n but_o what_o by_o the_o tediousness_n of_o the_o journey_n and_o what_o by_o be_v honourable_o detain_v at_o prince_n court_n in_o his_o way_n it_o be_v two_o year_n before_o he_o can_v get_v into_o england_n then_o upon_o the_o 15_o of_o august_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1274._o he_o be_v crown_v at_o westminster_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v summon_v to_o attend_v at_o his_o coronation_n but_o he_o flat_o refuse_v to_o appear_v unless_o upon_o sure_a term_n of_o safe_a conduct_n for_o have_v offend_v several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n he_o can_v not_o in_o safety_n pass_v through_o their_o country_n without_o the_o danger_n of_o expose_v his_o person_n to_o the_o inveterate_a malice_n and_o acceptable_a revenge_n of_o some_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o without_o the_o king_n brother_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o robert_n burnell_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n be_v deliver_v up_o as_o pledge_n for_o his_o safe_a conduct_n he_o will_v not_o come_v up_o to_o do_v his_o homage_n and_o fealty_n at_o his_o coronation_n according_a to_o the_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o and_o indeed_o see_v king_n edward_n have_v break_v the_o peace_n late_o conclude_v upon_o before_o the_o pope_n legate_n and_o do_v receive_v and_o honourable_o entertain_v such_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n as_o for_o their_o disloyalty_n be_v banish_v by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n by_o who_o he_o fear_v some_o treachery_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v he_o any_o subjection_n but_o by_o the_o breach_n of_o peace_n be_v exempt_v from_o all_o homage_n however_o prince_n lhewelyn_n to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o stubborness_n or_o disrespect_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o he_o refuse_v to_o come_v send_v up_o his_o reason_n by_o the_o abbot_n of_o ystratflur_n and_o conwey_n to_o robert_n kilwarby_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n then_o sit_v â—n_a convocation_n in_o the_o new-temple_n at_o london_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o england_n the_o archbishop_z of_o york_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n in_o convocation_n lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o lord_n of_o snowden_n send_v greeting_n we_o will_v have_v your_o lordship_n to_o understand_v that_o whereas_o former_o most_o terrible_a and_o incessant_a war_n be_v continual_o manage_v betwixt_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n and_o ourselves_o the_o same_o be_v at_o last_o compose_v and_o all_o matter_n of_o difference_n be_v adjust_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o excellency_n cardinal_n ottobonus_n the_o pope_n legate_n who_o have_v draw_v the_o article_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n agree_v upon_o they_o be_v sign_v and_o swear_v to_o not_o only_o by_o the_o kâ—ng_n but_o also_o the_o prince_n his_o son_n now_o king_n of_o england_n among_o these_o article_n be_v comprehend_v that_o we_o and_o our_o successor_n shall_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n the_o principality_n of_o wales_n so_o that_o all_o the_o welsh_a lord_n one_o baron_n except_v shall_v hold_v their_o barony_n and_o estate_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o we_o and_o shall_v pay_v their_o homage_n and_o fealty_n for_o the_o same_o to_o we_o we_o in_o like_a manner_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o beside_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v never_o offer_v to_o receive_v and_o entertain_v any_o of_o our_o enemy_n nor_o any_o such_o of_o our_o own_o subject_n as_o be_v lawful_o banish_v and_o exclude_v our_o dominion_n of_o wales_n nor_o by_o any_o mean_n defend_v and_o uphold_v such_o against_o we_o contrary_n to_o which_o article_n king_n edward_n have_v forcible_o seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o certain_a baron_n of_o wales_n of_o which_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v immemorable_o possess_v of_o and_o detain_v a_o barony_n which_o by_o the_o form_n of_o peace_n shall_v have_v be_v deliver_v to_o we_o and_o moreover_o have_v hitherto_o entertain_v david_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi our_o brother_n and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n with_o several_a other_o of_o our_o enemy_n who_o be_v outlaw_n and_o fugitive_n of_o our_o country_n and_o though_o we_o have_v often_o exhibit_v our_o grievance_n and_o complaint_n against_o they_o for_o destroy_v and_o pillage_n our_o country_n yet_o we_o can_v never_o obtain_v of_o the_o king_n any_o relief_n or_o redress_n for_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o injury_n we_o receive_v at_o their_o hand_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o still_o persist_v to_o commit_v waste_n and_o other_o outrage_n in_o our_o dominion_n and_o for_o all_o this_o he_o summons_v we_o to_o do_v he_o homage_n at_o a_o place_n which_o be_v altogether_o dangerous_a to_o our_o person_n where_o our_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o which_o be_v worse_o our_o own_o unnatural_a subject_n bear_v the_o great_a sway_n and_o respect_n with_o the_o the_o king_n and_o though_o we_o have_v allege_v several_a reason_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n why_o the_o place_n by_o he_o assign_v be_v nâ—t_o safe_a and_o indifferent_a for_o we_o to_o come_v and_o desire_v he_o to_o appoint_v another_o whereto_o we_o may_v with_o more_o safety_n resort_n or_o else_o that_o he_o will_v send_v commissioner_n to_o receive_v our_o oath_n and_o homage_n till_o he_o can_v more_o opportune_o receive_v they_o in_o person_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o assent_v to_o our_o just_a and_o reasonable_a request_n nor_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o reason_n we_o exhibit_v for_o our_o non-appearance_n therefore_o we_o desire_v your_o lordship_n earnest_o to_o weigh_v the_o dismal_a effect_n that_o will_v happen_v to_o the_o subject_n
both_o of_o england_n and_o wales_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o the_o sad_a consequence_n of_o another_o war_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v prevent_v but_o by_o use_v we_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o former_a peace_n which_o for_o our_o part_n we_o will_v in_o no_o measure_n transgress_v but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o your_o counsel_n we_o hope_v that_o you_o will_v hâ—ld_v we_o excuse_v if_o the_o nation_n be_v disquiet_v and_o trouble_v thereupon_o which_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v we_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v king_n edward_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o excuse_n noâ—_n harken_v to_o any_o manner_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o case_n but_o be_v unmerciful_o enrage_v and_o conceive_v a_o unpardonable_a displeasure_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o yet_o he_o think_v convenient_a to_o conceal_v and_o dissemble_v for_o a_o time_n indeed_o he_o can_v never_o abide_v lhewelyn_n â—â—nce_v the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o â—ight_n by_o he_o at_o the_o march_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a cause_n â—f_a king_n edward_n anger_n original_o proceed_v from_o 〈◊〉_d point_n of_o honour_n which_o this_o refusal_n of_o homage_n â—â—rved_v sufficient_o to_o increase_v but_o to_o prosecute_v his_o revenge_n which_o upon_o this_o score_n be_v in_o prince_n very_o â—erce_a and_o unforgetful_a in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o come_v to_o â—hester_n mean_v to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o he_o can_v â—ot_n obtain_v by_o fair_a mean_n from_o hence_o he_o send_v to_o â—â—e_z prince_n of_o wales_n require_v he_o to_o come_v over_o and_o 〈◊〉_d he_o homage_n which_o lhewelyn_n either_o absolute_o reâ—â—sing_v or_o willing_o detract_n to_o do_v king_n edwardâ—ade_v â—ade_z ready_a his_o army_n to_o force_v he_o to_o it_o but_o there_o a.d._n 1277_o â—â—ppened_v a_o accident_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o â—rince_n lhewelyn_n stubborness_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o countess_n of_o leicester_n the_o widow_n of_o simon_n montfortâ—ho_n â—ho_z live_v at_o montargis_n a_o nunnery_n in_o france_n send_v over_o 〈◊〉_d wales_n her_o daughter_n the_o lady_n eleanor_n who_o â—hewelyn_n extreme_o love_v with_o her_o brother_n aemeâ—ke_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o her_o father_n earl_n montfort_n time_n â—ut_fw-la aemerike_n fear_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o â—ngland_n steer_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o island_n of_o scilly_a where_o by_o the_o way_n they_o be_v all_o take_v by_o four_o bristol_n ship_n and_o bring_v to_o king_n edward_n who_o receive_v the_o lady_n very_o honourable_o but_o commit_v her_o â—â—other_n prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o coff_n whence_o he_o be_v afterwards_o remove_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o shirburne_n the_o â—ing_n have_v obtain_v this_o unexpected_a advantage_n over_o â—hewelyn_n begin_v bold_o to_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o so_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battalion_n lead_v one_o himself_o â—â—to_o north-wales_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o ruthlan_n where_o he_o strong_o fortify_v the_o castle_n the_o other_o he_o ommit_v to_o paganus_fw-la de_fw-la camurtiis_fw-la a_o great_a soldier_n â—ho_n enter_v into_o west-wales_n burn_v and_o destroy_v 〈◊〉_d great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n but_o the_o people_n of_o south-wales_n fear_v that_o his_o next_o expedition_n be_v level_v â—gainst_a they_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o â—ing_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n and_o then_o deliver_v â—_z castle_n of_o ystratywy_a to_o paganus_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n hear_v of_o this_o and_o find_v his_o own_o subject_n to_o forsake_v he_o but_o more_o especial_o be_v desirous_a to_o recover_v his_o espouse_v the_o lady_n eleanor_n think_v it_o likewise_o advisable_v to_o submit_v and_o therefore_o sue_v to_o king_n edward_n for_o a_o peace_n who_o grant_v it_o but_o upon_o very_o severe_a condition_n upon_o lhewelyns_n side_n the_o agreement_n consist_v of_o ten_o article_n which_o be_v 1._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v set_v at_o liberty_n all_o manner_n of_o prisoner_n that_o upon_o the_o king_n account_n be_v detain_v in_o custody_n 2._o that_o for_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o good_a will_n he_o shall_v pay_v 50000_o mark_n to_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n 3._o that_o these_o four_o cantred_n or_o hundred_o viz._n cantref_n ros_n where_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o teganwy_n stand_v ryfonioc_n where_o denbigh_n tegengl_n where_o ruthlan_n dyffryn_n clwyd_n where_o rhuthyn_n stand_v shall_v remain_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n 4._o that_o the_o lord_n marcher_n shall_v quiet_o enjoy_v all_o the_o land_n they_o have_v conquer_v within_o wales_n except_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v whole_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n 5._o that_o in_o consideration_n of_o this_o island_n the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v 5000_o mark_n in_o hand_n with_o the_o reserve_n of_o a_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a to_o begin_v at_o michaelmas_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o whole_a island_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n 6._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v come_v every_o year_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v his_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o all_o his_o land_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n except_v five_o in_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o 8._o that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n shall_v remain_v only_o for_o his_o life_n and_o not_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o five_o lord_n of_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n only_o from_o the_o king_n 9_o that_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o article_n the_o prince_n shall_v deliver_v up_o for_o hostage_n ten_o person_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n in_o the_o country_n without_o imprison_v disinherit_n and_o any_o time_n of_o redemption_n determine_v and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v choose_v twenty_o person_n within_o north-wales_n who_o beside_o the_o prince_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n shall_v swerve_v and_o recede_v from_o they_o and_o upon_o admonition_n â—hereof_o not_o repent_v they_o shall_v forsake_v he_o and_o become_v his_o enemy_n 10._o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—uffer_v his_o brethren_n quiet_o to_o enjoy_v their_o land_n in_o wales_n whereof_o david_n for_o his_o service_n be_v dub_v knight_n by_o the_o king_n and_o have_v the_o earl_n of_o derby_n widow_n give_v he_o in_o matrimony_n and_o with_o she_o as_o 〈◊〉_d portion_n the_o castle_n of_o denbigh_n in_o north-wales_n beâ—ides_v a_o 1000_o pound_n in_o land_n his_o other_o brother_n roderic_n be_v late_o escape_v out_o of_o prison_n into_o england_n â—nd_v the_o young_a call_v owen_n be_v upon_o his_o composition_n deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n king_n edward_n have_v impose_v these_o severe_a and_o unmerciful_a condition_n upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o for_o a_o better_a security_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberystwyth_n return_v very_o honourable_o into_o england_n upon_o who_o arrival_n the_o people_n willing_o grant_v he_o a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n towards_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o war._n but_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submit_v to_o these_o intolerable_a condition_n more_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o amour_n and_o to_o regain_v the_o lady_n eleanora_n out_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hand_n than_o that_o he_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o any_o considerable_a danger_n he_o may_v receive_v by_o the_o english_a troop_n for_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o a_o prince_n of_o such_o notorious_a conduct_n and_o valour_n will_v so_o easy_o accept_v of_o such_o hard_a term_n and_o in_o a_o measure_n deliver_v up_o his_o principality_n when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n so_o to_o do_v without_o resist_v a_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v frequent_o overcome_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v back_o with_o great_a inequality_n than_o the_o english_a have_v at_o present_a over_o he_o but_o the_o force_n of_o â—ove_n work_v wonder_n and_o in_o this_o case_n prove_v moâ—t_n irresistible_a which_o to_o obtain_v lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v hard_a to_o forfeit_v his_o proper_a right_n to_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o for_o ever_o to_o exclude_v his_o posterity_n from_o succeed_v in_o their_o lawful_a inheritance_n the_o next_o year_n a.d._n 1273_o therefore_o he_o have_v his_o wish_n accomplish_v and_o be_v marry_v to_o eleanora_n at_o worcester_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o england_n honour_v the_o wedding_n with_o their_o presence_n but_o this_o specious_a amity_n and_o the_o peace_n laâ—â—_n conclude_v betwixt_o they_o
to_o be_v establish_v as_o long_o as_o the_o english_a have_v no_o regard_n to_o article_n and_o still_o oppress_v his_o people_n with_o new_a and_o unwarrantable_a exaction_n therefore_o see_v his_o subject_n be_v unchristian_o abuse_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o all_o his_o country_n most_o tyrannical_o harass_v he_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o english_a upon_o any_o fault_n of_o his_o side_n shall_v threaten_v to_o bring_v a_o formidable_a army_n to_o his_o country_n nor_o the_o church_n pretend_v to_o censure_v he_o see_v also_o he_o be_v very_o willing_a upon_o the_o aforesaid_a condition_n to_o submit_v to_o a_o peace_n and_o last_o he_o desire_v his_o grace_n that_o he_o will_v not_o give_v the_o more_o credit_n to_o his_o enemy_n because_o they_o be_v near_o his_o person_n and_o can_v deliver_v their_o complaint_n frequent_o and_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n for_o they_o who_o make_v no_o conscience_n of_o oppress_v will_v not_o in_o all_o probability_n stick_v to_o defame_v and_o make_v false_a accusation_n and_o therefore_o his_o grace_n will_v make_v a_o better_a estimation_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n by_o examine_v their_o action_n rather_o than_o believe_v their_o word_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v to_o this_o purpose_n reply_v in_o general_a to_o the_o archbishop_n article_n present_v he_o with_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o several_a grievance_n which_o himself_o and_o other_o of_o his_o subject_n have_v wrongful_o and_o unjust_o receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a and_o these_o though_o somewhat_o tedious_a be_v think_v necessary_a to_o be_v particular_o insert_v in_o the_o appendix_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o demonstrable_o vindicate_v the_o welsh_a nation_n from_o the_o unreasonable_a aspersion_n which_o the_o english_a of_o these_o time_n cast_v upon_o it_o for_o the_o breach_n of_o peace_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o those_o dismal_a disturbance_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o english_a writer_n of_o those_o time_n whole_o attribute_v to_o the_o restless_a and_o rebellious_a humour_n and_o unconstant_a temper_n of_o the_o welch_n whereas_o have_v they_o look_v at_o home_n they_o may_v have_v find_v the_o original_a of_o all_o these_o trouble_n to_o have_v proceed_v from_o the_o intolerable_a extortion_n and_o insupportable_a oppression_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n for_o whoever_o consider_v these_o unmerciful_a grievance_n and_o the_o manifold_a wrong_n the_o welch_a endure_v it_o can_v in_o reason_n be_v expect_v but_o that_o they_o will_v endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v themselves_o and_o repel_v force_n by_o force_n for_o have_v the_o english_a the_o liberty_n of_o dispossess_v they_o wrongful_o of_o their_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o estate_n and_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o the_o welsh_a to_o endeavour_v the_o defend_n and_o keep_v their_o own_o and_o must_v they_o be_v reckon_v disobedient_a and_o promoter_n of_o sedition_n upon_o the_o account_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v trample_v under_o and_o enslave_v by_o the_o english_a these_o measure_n be_v too_o hard_a and_o intolerable_a and_o scarce_o allowable_a in_o a_o infidel_n nation_n to_o oppress_v and_o what_o in_o they_o lay_v eradicate_v a_o people_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o they_o be_v weak_a and_o more_o helpless_a than_o themselves_o and_o then_o what_o be_v worse_o to_o accuse_v they_o of_o be_v author_n of_o sedition_n because_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v peaceable_o enslave_v but_o endeavour_v to_o vindicate_v their_o right_n by_o main_a force_n but_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o king_n edward_n have_v no_o inclination_n to_o observe_v what_o article_n of_o agreement_n soever_o be_v conclude_v upon_o and_o therefore_o encourage_v his_o deputy_n in_o the_o march_n and_o inland_n country_n of_o wales_n in_o all_o their_o oppression_n and_o sinistrous_a deal_n towards_o the_o welsh_a this_o be_v the_o best_a method_n and_o the_o most_o expedient_a mean_n to_o reduce_v the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n which_o the_o king_n have_v long_o ago_o intentional_o effect_v and_o to_o accuse_v the_o welsh_a of_o not_o observe_v the_o condition_n of_o peace_n be_v a_o specious_a pretence_n to_o bring_v that_o actual_o to_o pass_v and_o to_o lead_v a_o army_n into_o the_o country_n but_o whaever_o the_o english_a may_v pretend_v it_o be_v evident_a the_o welsh_a have_v the_o great_a occasion_n to_o complain_v appendix_n see_v the_o appendix_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o grievance_n commit_v as_o well_o against_o the_o prince_n himself_o as_o other_o of_o his_o subject_n the_o archbishop_n have_v read_v over_o these_o grievance_n and_o find_v the_o welsh_a to_o be_v upon_o good_a reason_n guiltless_a of_o that_o severe_a character_n which_o by_o the_o malicious_a insinuation_n of_o the_o english_a he_o have_v conceive_v of_o they_o go_v to_o king_n edward_n request_v he_o to_o take_v into_o consideration_n the_o unjust_a wrong_n and_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o welsh_a which_o if_o he_o will_v not_o redress_v at_o least_o he_o may_v excuse_v they_o from_o any_o breach_n of_o obedience_n to_o he_o see_v they_o have_v so_o just_a a_o reason_n for_o what_o they_o do_v the_o king_n reply_v that_o he_o willing_o forgive_v they_o and_o will_v make_v reasonable_a satisfaction_n for_o any_o wrong_n do_v so_o that_o they_o have_v free_a access_n to_o declare_v their_o greivance_n before_o he_o and_o then_o may_v safe_o depart_v in_o case_n it_o will_v appear_v just_a and_o lawful_a they_o shall_v the_o archbishop_n upon_o this_o think_v he_o have_v obtain_v his_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o without_o any_o stay_n post_v it_o to_o snowden_n where_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o brother_n david_n reside_v and_o have_v acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o king_n mind_n earnest_o desire_v that_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n will_v submit_v themselves_o and_o by_o he_o be_v introduce_v to_o the_o king_n presence_n prince_n lhewelyn_n after_o some_o time_n conference_n and_o debate_n declare_v that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o reserve_v only_o of_o two_o particular_n namely_o his_o conscience_n whereby_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o regard_v the_o safety_n and_o liberty_n of_o his_o people_n and_o then_o the_o decency_n of_o his_o own_o state_n and_o quality_n but_o the_o king_n understanding_n by_o the_o archbishop_n how_o that_o the_o prince_n stand_v upon_o term_n positive_o refuse_v to_o consent_v to_o any_o more_o treaty_n of_o peace_n than_o that_o he_o shall_v simple_o submit_v without_o any_o far_a condition_n the_o archbishop_n have_v experience_n enough_o that_o the_o welsh_a will_v never_o agree_v to_o such_o proposal_n and_o therefore_o desire_v of_o his_o majesty_n that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o leave_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a nobility_n present_a to_o confer_v and_o conclude_v upon_o the_o matter_n which_o be_v grant_v they_o unanimous_o resolve_v upon_o the_o follow_a article_n and_o send_v they_o to_o the_o prince_n by_o john_n wallensis_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n i._o the_o king_n will_v have_v no_o treaty_n of_o the_o four_o cantred_n and_o other_o land_n which_o he_o have_v bestow_v upon_o his_o noble_n nor_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n ii_o in_o case_n the_o tenant_n of_o the_o four_o cantred_n submit_v themselves_o the_o king_n purpose_v to_o deal_v kind_o and_o honourable_o with_o they_o which_o we_o be_v sufficient_o satisfy_v of_o and_o will_v what_o in_o we_o lie_v endeavour_v to_o further_a iii_o we_o will_v do_v the_o like_o touch_v prince_n lhewelyn_n concern_v who_o we_o can_v return_v no_o other_o answer_n than_o that_o he_o must_v bare_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n without_o hope_n of_o any_o other_o condition_n these_o be_v the_o public_a article_n agree_v upon_o by_o the_o english_a nobility_n and_o send_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n beside_o which_o they_o send_v some_o private_a measure_n of_o agreement_n relate_v both_o to_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n david_n promise_v that_o in_o case_n he_o will_v submit_v and_o put_v the_o king_n in_o quiet_a possession_n of_o snowden_n his_o majesty_n will_v bestow_v a_o english_a county_n upon_o he_o with_o the_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o a_o thousand_o pound_v sterling_n and_o moreover_o his_o daughter_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o suitable_a to_o her_o birth_n and_o quality_n and_o all_o his_o subject_n according_a to_o their_o estate_n and_o condition_n and_o in_o case_n he_o shall_v have_v male_a issue_n by_o a_o second_o wife_n the_o aforesaid_a county_n and_o a_o thousand_o pound_n shall_v remain_v to_o his_o posterity_n for_o ever_o as_o for_o david_n the_o prince_n brother_n if_o he_o will_v consent_v to_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n upon_o condition_n not_o to_o return_v but_o upon_o the_o king_n pleasure_n all_o thing_n shall_v be_v honourable_o prepare_v for_o his_o journey_n with_o
respect_n to_o his_o quality_n and_o his_o child_n maintain_v and_o provide_v for_o by_o the_o king_n to_o these_o the_o archbishop_n add_v his_o threat_n that_o in_o case_n they_o do_v not_o comply_v and_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n mercy_n there_o be_v very_o severe_a and_o imminent_a danger_n hang_v over_o their_o head_n a_o formidable_a army_n be_v ready_a to_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o their_o country_n which_o will_v not_o only_o gall_v and_o oppress_v they_o but_o in_o all_o probability_n total_o eradicate_v the_o whole_a nation_n beside_o which_o they_o be_v to_o expect_v the_o severe_a censure_n and_o punishment_n of_o the_o church_n but_o all_o this_o can_v not_o force_v so_o unlimited_a a_o submission_n from_o the_o prince_n but_o that_o he_o will_v stick_v upon_o some_o certain_a condition_n and_o therefore_o by_o letter_n he_o acquaint_v the_o archbishop_n that_o he_o be_v with_o all_o willingness_n desirous_a to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n but_o withal_o that_o he_o can_v not_o do_v it_o but_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o be_v safe_a and_o honest_a for_o he_o and_o because_o the_o form_n of_o submission_n contain_v in_o the_o article_n send_v to_o he_o be_v by_o himself_o and_o his_o council_n think_v pernicious_a and_o illegal_a for_o he_o to_o consent_v to_o as_o tend_v rather_o to_o the_o destruction_n than_o the_o security_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o subject_n he_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n agree_v to_o it_o and_o in_o case_n himself_o shall_v be_v willing_a the_o rest_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o people_n will_v never_o admit_v of_o it_o as_o know_v for_o certain_a the_o mischief_n and_o inconveniency_n that_o will_v ensue_v thereby_o therefore_o he_o desire_v his_o lordship_n that_o for_o a_o confirmation_n of_o a_o honest_a and_o a_o durable_a peace_n which_o he_o have_v all_o this_o while_n earnest_o labour_v for_o he_o will_v manage_v matter_n circumspect_o and_o with_o due_a regard_n to_o the_o follow_a article_n for_o it_o be_v much_o more_o honourable_a for_o the_o king_n and_o far_o more_o consonant_a to_o reason_n that_o he_o shall_v hold_v his_o land_n in_o the_o country_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o dwell_v in_o than_o that_o by_o dispossess_v of_o he_o his_o estate_n shall_v be_v bestow_v upon_o stranger_n with_o this_o be_v send_v the_o general_a answer_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o the_o archbishops_n article_n viz._n 1._o though_o the_o king_n will_v not_o consent_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o four_o cantred_n nor_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n yet_o unless_o these_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o treaty_n the_o prince_n council_n will_v not_o conclude_v a_o peace_n by_o reason_n that_o these_o cantred_n have_v ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o camber_n the_o son_n of_o brutus_n properly_z and_o legal_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n beside_o the_o confirmation_n which_o the_o present_a prince_n obtain_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o father_n at_o the_o treaty_n before_o cardinal_n ottobonus_n the_o pope_n legate_n who_o letter_n patent_n do_v still_o appear_v and_o more_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v plain_o evident_a that_o it_o be_v more_o reasonable_a for_o our_o heir_n to_o hold_v the_o say_a cantred_n for_o money_n and_o other_o service_n due_a to_o the_o king_n than_o that_o stranger_n enjoy_v the_o same_o who_o will_v forcible_o abuse_v and_o oppress_v the_o people_n 2._o all_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o cantred_n of_o wales_n do_v unanimous_o declare_v that_o they_o dare_v not_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o never_o from_o the_o beginning_n take_v care_n to_o observe_v either_o covenant_n oath_n or_o any_o other_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o people_n and_o because_o his_o subject_n have_v no_o regard_n to_o religion_n but_o most_o cruel_o and_o unchristian_o tyrannize_v over_o church_n and_o religious_a person_n and_o then_o for_o that_o we_o do_v not_o understand_v ourselves_o any_o way_n oblige_v thereunto_o see_v we_o be_v the_o prince_n tenant_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o pay_v the_o king_n all_o usual_a and_o accustom_a service_n 3._o as_o to_o what_o be_v require_v that_o the_o prince_n shall_v simple_o commit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n will_n we_o all_o declare_v that_o for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n none_o of_o we_o dare_v come_v neither_o will_v we_o permit_v our_o prince_n to_o come_v to_o he_o upon_o those_o condition_n 4._o that_o some_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n will_v endeavour_v to_o procure_v a_o provision_n of_o a_o thousand_o pound_n a_o year_n in_o england_n we_o will_v let_v they_o know_v that_o we_o can_v accept_v of_o no_o such_o pension_n because_o it_o be_v procure_v for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o that_o the_o prince_n be_v disinherit_v themselves_o may_v obtain_v his_o land_n in_o wales_n 5._o the_o prince_n can_v in_o honesty_n resign_v his_o paternal_a inheritance_n which_o have_v for_o many_o age_n be_v enjoy_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o accept_v of_o other_o land_n among_o the_o english_a of_o who_o custom_n and_o language_n he_o be_v ignorant_a and_o upon_o that_o score_n may_v at_o length_n be_v fraudulent_o deprive_v of_o all_o by_o his_o malicious_a and_o inveterate_a enemy_n 6._o see_v the_o king_n intend_v to_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o ancient_a inheritance_n in_o wales_n where_o the_o land_n be_v more_o barren_a and_o untilled_a it_o be_v not_o very_o probable_a that_o he_o will_v bestow_v upon_o he_o a_o more_o fruitful_a and_o a_o aâ—able_a estate_n in_o england_n 7._o as_o to_o the_o clause_n that_o the_o prince_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n a_o perpetual_a possession_n of_o snowden_n we_o only_o affirm_v that_o see_v snowden_n essential_o belong_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n which_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v enjoy_v since_o brute_n the_o prince_n council_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o renounce_v it_o and_o accept_v another_o estate_n in_o england_n to_o which_o he_o have_v not_o equal_a right_n 8._o the_o people_n of_o snowden_n declare_v that_o though_o the_o prince_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n possession_n of_o it_o they_o will_v never_o own_v and_o pay_v submission_n to_o stranger_n for_o in_o so_o do_v they_o will_v bring_v upon_o themselves_o the_o same_o misery_n that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o four_o cantred_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n groan_v under_o be_v most_o rude_o handle_v and_o unjust_o oppress_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n as_o woeful_o appear_v by_o their_o several_a grievance_n 9_o as_o for_o david_n the_o prince_n brother_n we_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o against_o his_o will_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o take_v a_o journey_n to_o the_o holy-land_n which_o if_o he_o happen_v to_o undertake_v hereafter_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n it_o be_v no_o cause_n that_o his_o issue_n shall_v be_v disinherit_v but_o rather_o encourage_v now_o see_v neither_o the_o prince_n nor_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n upon_o any_o account_n whatsoever_o have_v move_v and_o begin_v this_o war_n but_o only_o defend_v themselves_o their_o property_n law_n and_o liberty_n from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o other_o person_n and_o since_o the_o english_a for_o either_o malice_n or_o covetousness_n to_o obtain_v our_o estate_n have_v unjust_o occasion_v all_o these_o trouble_n and_o broil_n in_o the_o kingdom_n we_o be_v assure_v that_o our_o defence_n be_v just_a and_o lawful_a and_o therein_o depend_v upon_o the_o aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o heaven_n which_o will_v be_v most_o cruel_o revenge_v upon_o our_o sacrilegious_a and_o inhuman_a enemy_n who_o have_v leave_v no_o manner_n of_o enormity_n in_o relation_n to_o god_n and_o man_n uncommit_v therefore_o your_o grace_n will_v more_o just_o threaten_v your_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n against_o the_o author_n and_o abettor_n of_o such_o unparalleled_a villainy_n than_o the_o innocent_a sufferer_n and_o beside_o we_o much_o admire_v that_o you_o shall_v advise_v we_o to_o part_v with_o our_o own_o estate_n and_o to_o live_v among_o our_o enemy_n as_o if_o when_o we_o can_v peaceable_o enjoy_v what_o be_v our_o own_o unquestionable_a right_n we_o may_v expect_v to_o have_v quiet_a possession_n of_o another_o man_n and_o though_o as_o you_o say_v it_o be_v hard_a to_o live_v in_o war_n and_o perpetual_a danger_n yet_o much_o hard_a it_o be_v to_o be_v utter_o destroy_v and_o reduce_v to_o nothing_o especial_o when_o we_o seek_v but_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o own_o liberty_n from_o the_o insatiable_a ambition_n of_o our_o enemy_n and_o see_v your_o grace_n have_v promise_v to_o fulminate_v sentence_n against_o all_o they_o that_o either_o for_o malice_n or_o profit_n will_v hinder_v and_o obstruct_v the_o peace_n it_o be_v evident_a who_o in_o this_o respect_n be_v transgressor_n and_z delinquent_n the_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n of_o imprisonment_n
with_o great_a fury_n and_o courage_n face_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n force_v they_o back_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n polydore_v virgil_n say_v but_o upon_o what_o authority_n be_v not_o know_v that_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v this_o victory_n rather_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o english_a army_n be_v hire_v with_o such_o money_n as_o have_v be_v wrongful_o take_v out_o of_o the_o abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a place_n so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o judgement_n from_o above_o more_o than_o the_o force_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o overcome_v the_o english_a army_n but_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o english_a be_v vanquish_v upon_o which_o account_n king_n edward_n come_v in_o person_n to_o wales_n and_o keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o aberconwey_n where_o robert_n winchelsey_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v return_v from_o rome_n come_v to_o he_o and_o have_v do_v homage_n return_v honourable_o again_o to_o england_n but_o as_o the_o king_n advance_v far_o into_o the_o country_n have_v but_o one_o part_n of_o his_o army_n with_o he_o the_o welsh_a set_v upon_o and_o take_v most_o of_o his_o carriage_n which_o contain_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n so_o that_o the_o king_n with_o all_o his_o follower_n be_v constrain_v to_o endure_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o hardship_n in_o so_o much_o that_o at_o last_o water_n mix_v with_o honey_n and_o very_a course_n and_o ordinary_a bread_n with_o the_o salt_a meat_n be_v account_v the_o great_a delicacy_n for_o his_o majesty_n be_v own_o table_n but_o their_o misery_n be_v like_a to_o be_v great_a have_v not_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o army_n come_v in_o time_n because_o the_o welsh_a have_v encompass_v the_o king_n round_o in_o hope_n to_o reduce_v he_o to_o the_o utmost_a distress_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o rise_v that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n can_v not_o get_v to_o he_o but_o the_o water_n within_o 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detachment_n of_o the_o marcher_n come_v to_o oppose_v he_o give_v he_o battle_n vanquish_v his_o force_n and_o miserable_o ravage_v his_o country_n the_o like_a success_n he_o obtain_v a_o second_o time_n against_o the_o marcher_n but_o at_o last_o they_o bring_v together_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o meet_v madoc_n march_v towards_o shâ—ewsbury_n upon_o the_o hill_n of_o cefn_n digolh_n not_o far_o from_o camr_n castle_n where_o after_o a_o bloody_a fight_n on_o both_o side_n madoc_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o his_o army_n vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n then_o he_o be_v send_v to_o london_n and_o there_o sentence_v to_o remain_v in_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o the_o tower_n though_o other_o affirm_v that_o madoc_n be_v never_o take_v but_o that_o after_o several_a adventure_n and_o severe_a conflict_n whereby_o the_o welsh_a be_v reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n he_o come_v in_o and_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n who_o receive_v he_o upon_o condition_n he_o will_v not_o desist_v to_o pursue_v morgan_z captain_n of_o the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n till_o he_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n before_o he_o madoc_n have_v perform_v this_o and_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v peaceable_a and_o undisturbed_a several_a hostage_n from_o the_o chief_a nobility_n of_o wales_n for_o their_o orderly_a and_o quiet_a behaviour_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o king_n who_o dispose_v of_o they_o into_o divers_a castle_n in_o england_n where_o they_o continue_v in_o safe_a custody_n till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n which_o be_v presently-commencâ—d_a with_o scotland_n a.d._n 1301_o in_o the_o 29_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n reign_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n come_v down_o to_o chester_n and_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o freeholders_n in_o wales_n as_o follow_v henry_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n for_o monmouth_n reginald_n grace_n for_o ruthyn_n foulke_n fitzwarren_a for_o his_o land_n the_o lord_n william_n martin_n for_o his_o land_n in_o cemaes_n roger_n mortimer_n for_o his_o land_n in_o wales_n henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n for_o rhos_n and_o rhyfoneioc_n robert_n lord_n montalt_n for_o his_o land_n and_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o poole_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n pay_v their_o homage_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n of_o anglesey_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n archdeacon_n of_o anglesey_n eineon_n ap_fw-mi howel_n of_o caernarvon_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v gruffydh_fw-mi â—ychan_fw-mi son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n madoc_n fychan_n denglfield_n lhewelyn_n bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_z richard_z de_fw-fr pulesdon_n this_o last_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n be_v constitute_v sheriff_n of_o caernarvon_n for_o life_n with_o the_o stipend_n of_o forty_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a at_o the_o same_o place_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tudor_n ithel_n fychan_n ithel_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n with_o many_o more_o do_v their_o homage_n then_o the_o prince_n come_v to_o ruthlan_n where_o the_o lord_n richard_n de_fw-fr sutton_n baron_n of_o malpas_n pay_v homage_n and_o fealty_n for_o the_o say_a barony_n of_o malpas_n thence_o the_o prince_n remove_v to_o conwey_n where_o eineon_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n and_o david_n abbot_n of_o maynan_n do_v their_o homage_n as_o do_v lewis_z de_fw-fr felton_n son_n of_o richard_n felton_n for_o the_o land_n which_o his_o father_n hold_v of_o the_o prince_n in_o maelor_n saesneg_n or_o english_a maelor_n john_n earl_n warren_n swear_v homage_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o bromfield_n and_o yale_n and_o his_o land_n in_o hope-dale_n at_o london_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o lord_n john_n de_fw-fr kirkby_n sometime_o bishop_n of_o ely_n as_o also_o a_o while_n after_o edmund_z mortimer_z for_o his_o land_n of_o cery_n and_o cydewen_n but_o beside_o all_o these_o there_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n at_o chester_n sir_n
never_o hearken_v to_o his_o redemption_n allege_v that_o he_o wilful_o throw_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o glyndwr_n but_o about_o the_o midst_n of_o august_n to_o correct_v the_o presumptuous_a attempt_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o king_n go_v in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o wales_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o extraordinary_a excess_n of_o weather_n which_o some_o attribute_v to_o the_o magic_n of_o glyndwr_n he_o be_v glad_a to_o return_v safe_a but_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n perceive_v that_o he_o be_v not_o like_a to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n by_o king_n henry_n mean_n whether_o out_o of_o compliance_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o tedious_a captivity_n or_o affection_n to_o the_o young_a lady_n he_o agree_v to_o take_v part_n with_o owen_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n with_o they_o join_v the_o earl_n of_o worcester_n and_o his_o brother_n the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n with_o his_o son_n the_o valiant_a lord_n percy_n who_o conspire_v to_o depose_v the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o the_o house_n of_o the_o archdeacon_n of_o bangor_n by_o their_o deputy_n divide_v the_o realm_n among_o they_o cause_v a_o tripartite_a indenture_n to_o be_v make_v and_o to_o be_v seal_v with_o every_o one_o seal_n by_o which_o covenant_n all_o that_o country_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o severn_n and_o the_o trent_n southward_o be_v assign_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n all_o wales_n and_o the_o land_n beyond_o the_o severn_n westward_n be_v appoint_v glyndwr_n and_o all_o from_o the_o trent_n northward_o to_o the_o lord_n percy_n this_o be_v do_v as_o some_o say_v through_o a_o foolish_a credit_n they_o give_v to_o a_o vain_a prophecy_n as_o though_o king_n henry_n be_v the_o execrable_a moldwarp_n and_o they_o three_o the_o dragon_n the_o lion_n and_o the_o wolf_n which_o shall_v pull_v he_o down_o and_o distribute_v his_o kingdom_n among_o themselves_o after_o that_o they_o exhibit_v article_n of_o their_o grievance_n to_o king_n henry_n and_o divulge_v their_o reason_n for_o take_v up_o arm_n at_o length_n they_o march_v with_o all_o their_o power_n towards_o shrewsbury_n to_o fight_v the_o king_n depend_v main_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o glyndwr_n and_o his_o welshman_n but_o the_o matter_n be_v go_v so_o far_o that_o whether_o he_o come_v in_o or_o no_o they_o must_v fight_v and_o so_o both_o army_n be_v join_v the_o king_n party_n prevail_v young_a percy_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o douglas_n beside_o most_o of_o the_o english_a of_o quality_n who_o with_o a_o party_n of_o scotch_a have_v come_v to_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o confederate_n be_v take_v prisoner_n but_o afterward_o honourable_o set_v at_o liberty_n by_o the_o intercession_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n be_v a_o march_v forward_o with_o a_o great_a party_n from_o the_o north_n but_o the_o king_n have_v settle_v matter_n about_o shrewsbury_n come_v to_o york_n and_o send_v to_o he_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o arm_n he_o voluntary_o submit_v and_o dismiss_v his_o force_n then_o the_o king_n return_v from_o yorkshire_n determine_v to_o pass_v over_o to_o north-wales_n to_o chastise_v the_o presumptuous_a practice_n of_o the_o immorigerous_a welsh_a who_o after_o his_o departure_n from_o shrewsbury_n have_v make_v inroad_n into_o the_o march_n and_o do_v much_o hurt_v to_o his_o english_a subject_n but_o other_o business_n of_o great_a consequence_n intervening_a he_o detach_v his_o son_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n who_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n which_o be_v quick_o again_o retake_v by_o owen_n glyndwr_n who_o thrust_v into_o it_o a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o welch_n but_o â—n_o the_o battle_n of_o huske_n seek_v upon_o the_o fifteen_o of_o march_n the_o welsh_a receive_v a_o very_a considerable_a blow_n from_o the_o prince_n man_n glyndwr_n son_n be_v take_v prisoner_n beside_o fifteen_o hundred_o more_o take_v and_o slay_v after_o this_o we_o hear_v little_a of_o glyndwr_n except_v that_o he_o continue_v and_o persist_v to_o vex_v and_o plague_v the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n to_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n when_o he_o miserable_o end_v his_o life_n be_v as_o holingshed_n report_v holin_n holin_n towards_o his_o â—atter_n day_n drive_v to_o that_o extremity_n that_o despair_v of_o all_o comfort_n he_o flee_v and_o lurk_v in_o cave_n and_o other_o the_o most_o solitary_a place_n fear_v to_o show_v his_o face_n to_o any_o creature_n till_o at_o length_n be_v starve_v for_o hunger_n and_o lack_n of_o sustenance_n he_o miserable_o end_v his_o life_n but_o these_o rebellious_a practice_n of_o glyndwr_n high_o exasperate_v king_n henry_n against_o the_o welsh_a insomuch_o that_o several_a rigorous_a and_o unmerciful_a law_n be_v enact_v relate_v to_o wales_n which_o in_o effect_n destroy_v all_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o welsh_a subject_n they_o be_v make_v incapable_a of_o purchase_v any_o land_n or_o to_o be_v elect_v member_n of_o any_o county_n or_o burrough_n and_o to_o undertake_v any_o office_n whether_o civil_a or_o military_a in_o any_o town_n incorporate_v if_o any_o suit_n at_o law_n happen_v betwixt_o a_o english_a man_n and_o a_o welsh_a man_n the_o former_a can_v not_o be_v convict_v but_o by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o english_a judge_n and_o the_o verdict_n of_o a_o english_a jury_n beside_o that_o any_o english_a man_n who_o marry_v a_o welsh_a woman_n be_v thereby_o forthwith_o disfranchise_v from_o all_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o english_a subject_n it_o be_v far_o enact_v that_o no_o welsh_a man_n shall_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o any_o castle_n or_o other_o place_n of_o strength_n and_o that_o no_o victual_n or_o armour_n shall_v be_v bring_v into_o wales_n without_o a_o special_a warrant_n from_o the_o king_n or_o his_o council_n and_o far_o that_o no_o welsh_a man_n be_v capable_a of_o undertake_v the_o office_n of_o justice_n chamberlain_z sheriff_z or_o any_o other_o place_n of_o trust_n in_o any_o part_n of_o wales_n notwithstanding_o any_o patent_n or_o licence_n heretofore_o give_v to_o the_o contrary_n these_o with_o many_z other_o most_o rigorous_a and_o unjust_a law_n particular_o that_o forbid_v any_o welsh_a man_n to_o bring_v up_o his_o child_n to_o learning_n or_o to_o bind_v they_o apprentice_n to_o any_o trade_n or_o occupation_n be_v enact_v by_o the_o king_n against_o the_o welsh_a so_o that_o nothing_o can_v cool_v his_o displeasure_n but_o that_o a_o whole_a nation_n shall_v be_v wrongful_o oppress_v for_o the_o fault_n and_o miscarriage_n of_o one_o person_n but_o one_o may_v think_v that_o this_o be_v no_o politic_a method_n to_o secure_v a_o nation_n in_o its_o allegiance_n which_o upon_o light_a affront_v be_v use_v to_o defend_v its_o privilege_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v well_o attribute_v the_o quiet_a disposition_n of_o the_o welsh_a towards_o this_o time_n to_o the_o moderation_n of_o henry_n the_o five_o who_o within_o a_o little_a time_n succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n co-temporary_a with_o glyndwr_n be_v sir_n david_n gam_n so_o call_v by_o reason_n he_o have_v but_o one_o eye_n the_o son_n of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi howel_n vaughan_n of_o brecknock_n by_o maud_n the_o daughter_n of_o jefan_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi ifor_n of_o eluel_n he_o be_v a_o great_a stickler_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n become_v mortal_a enemy_n to_o glyndwr_n who_o have_v his_o education_n as_o be_v say_v before_o at_o one_o of_o the_o inn_n of_o court_n get_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o service_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o who_o as_o walsingham_n say_v make_v he_o his_o scutifer_n or_o shield-bearer_n but_o be_v inform_v that_o his_o master_n richard_n be_v depose_v and_o murder_v and_o withal_o be_v provoke_v by_o several_a wrong_n and_o affront_v do_v he_o by_o his_o neighbour_n the_o lord_n grace_n of_o rhuthyn_n who_o king_n henry_n great_o countenance_v and_o look_v upon_o henry_n as_o a_o usurper_n he_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v proclaim_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o for_o a_o better_a grace_n of_o the_o matter_n he_o feign_v himself_o to_o be_v descend_v by_o a_o daughter_n from_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi the_o last_o prince_n whereas_o in_o truth_n he_o come_v paternal_o but_o from_o a_o young_a brother_n of_o the_o house_n of_o powy_n but_o as_o ambition_n have_v no_o moderation_n so_o glyndwr_n for_o a_o time_n act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o prince_n and_o summon_v a_o parliament_n to_o meet_v at_o machynlleth_n whither_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o wales_n appear_v and_o among_o the_o rest_n sir_n david_n gam_n but_o not_o upon_o the_o same_o design_n with_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o intention_n in_o this_o meeting_n to_o murder_v glyndyfwr_fw-mi but_o the_o plot_n be_v discover_v and_o
deheufraint_n ap_fw-mi eidigant_n ap_fw-mi endeirn_n ap_fw-mi enid_n ap_fw-mi endos_fw-mi ap_fw-mi enddolau_n ap_fw-mi afallach_n ap_fw-mi afflech_n ap_fw-mi beli_n mawr_fw-mi to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n by_o angharad_n mother_n to_o ednyfed_a fychan_n in_o forty_o degree_n how_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o come_v of_o beli_n mawr_n by_o gwenllian_a wife_n to_o ednyfed_a fychan_n and_o daughter_n to_o the_o lord_n rhys_n call_v arglwydd_n rhys_n by_o issue-female_a owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n daughter_n to_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n 〈◊〉_d rhys_n prince_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n mawr_fw-mi prince_n ap_fw-mi â—adell_n prince_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n mawr_fw-mi prince_n of_o all_o wales_n this_o rodri_n have_v three_o son_n and_o divide_v the_o principality_n of_o wales_n between_o they_o 〈◊〉_d three_o part_n to_o merfyn_n his_o first_o son_n prince_z â—f_n north-wales_n all_o north-wales_n which_o die_v without_o issue_n and_o anarawd_n prince_n of_o powy_n â—nd_n cadell_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n of_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o descend_v by_o â—wenllian_a daughter_n to_o prince_n rhys_n call_v arglwydd_n rhys_n wife_n to_o ednyfed_a fychan_n and_o â—he_v say_v king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n to_o rodri_n mawr_n in_o the_o seventeen_o degree_n which_o rodri_n mawr_n be_v son_n to_o merfyn_n first_o king_n of_o man_n which_o wed_v essillt_n daughter_n and_o heir_n â—o_o cynan_n dyndaethwy_n this_o merfyn_n frych_a be_v son_n to_o gwriad_n ap_fw-mi elidur_n ap_fw-mi handdear_v alcwn_n ap_fw-mi tegid_a ap_fw-mi gwiar_fw-mi â—p_fw-mi dwywc_n ap_fw-mi llywarch_n hên_n ap_fw-mi elidur_n lydanwin_n â—p_v meirchion_n ap_fw-mi grwst_n ap_fw-mi cenaw_n ap_fw-mi coel_n â—odeboc_fw-fr king_n of_o britain_n as_o before_o this_o coel_n be_v king_n of_o britain_n and_o earl_n of_o colchester_n a_o â—ight_a worthy_a king_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o â—eventh_o be_v son_n by_o the_o say_v gwenllian_n wife_n to_o ednyfed_a fychan_n in_o the_o thirty_o first_o degree_n by_o â—he_n say_v gittin_n owen_n and_o sir_n john_n leia_n book_n how_o owen_n grandsire_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o come_v of_o beli_n mawr_n by_o essillt_n daughter_n to_o cynan_n dyndaethwy_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n daughter_n of_o prince_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n mawr_fw-mi ap_fw-mi engion_n ab_fw-la owen_n ap_fw-mi howell_n dda_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadell_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n mawr_fw-mi ap_fw-mi essillt_n daughter_n of_o cynan_n dyndaethwy_n and_o heir_n prince_n of_o wales_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n moelwynoc_n ap_fw-mi idwal_n jwrch_n ap_fw-mi cadwallader_n fendigaid_n king_n of_o all_o britain_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n in_o the_o twenty_o second_o degree_n cadwallader_n be_v son_n to_o cadwallan_n king_n ap_fw-mi cadfan_n king_n ap_fw-mi jago_n ap_fw-mi beli_n ap_fw-mi rhun_n ap_fw-mi maelgwn_n gwynedd_n king_n ap_fw-mi casswallan_n lawhîr_n ap_fw-mi eineoâ—irth_n ap_fw-mi cynedda_fw-mi weledig_v ap_fw-mi edeirn_n which_o wed_v gwawl_v ferch_n coel_n godeboc_n king_n which_o edeirn_n be_v son_n to_o padarn_n peisrydd_n ap_fw-mi tegid_a ap_fw-mi jago_n ap_fw-mi genedawc_n ap_fw-mi cain_n ap_fw-mi gwrgain_n ap_fw-mi doli_fw-la ap_fw-mi gwrtholi_fw-la ap_fw-mi dufu_n ap_fw-mi gorddufu_n ap_fw-mi amwerid_n ap_fw-mi omwedd_n ap_fw-mi diwe_v brichwain_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi affallach_n ap_fw-mi afflech_n ap_fw-mi beli_n mawr_fw-mi to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n by_o the_o say_v gwenllian_n in_o the_o fifty_o degree_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n daughter_n to_o arglwydd_n rhys_n son_n to_o gwenllian_a daughter_n of_o gruffydh_n prince_n ap_fw-mi cynan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n son_n of_o jago_n prince_n ap_fw-mi idwall_n prince_n ap_fw-mi meuric_n prince_n ap_fw-mi idwall_n foel_n prince_n ap_fw-mi anarawd_n prince_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n mawr_fw-mi prince_n of_o all_o wales_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n by_o gwenllian_a mother_n to_o the_o arglwydd_n rhys_n in_o the_o seventeen_o degree_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n ferch_n arglwydd_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gwladis_n ferch_n rhywallâ—n_v ap_fw-mi cynfyn_n prince_n of_o powy_n and_o angharad_n wife_n to_o cynfyn_n daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o powy_n and_o south-wales_n son_n to_o cadell_n prince_n there_o which_o owen_n ap_fw-mi howell_n dda_fw-mi have_v two_o son_n meredith_n and_o eineon_n and_o owen_n their_o father_n give_v the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n to_o eineon_n his_o son_n and_o the_o principality_n of_o powy_n to_o meredith_n his_o other_o son_n which_o meredith_n have_v issue_n angharad_n that_o wed_a cynfyn_n by_o who_o he_o be_v prince_n of_o powy_n which_o cadell_n be_v son_n to_o rodri_n mawr_fw-mi prince_n of_o all_o wales_n son_n to_o merfyn_n frych_a etc._n etc._n to_o beli_n mawr_n as_o above_o write_v by_o guttin_n owen_n be_v book_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n ferch_n arglwydd_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi eineon_n ap_fw-mi eineon_n ap_fw-mi howell_n dda_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadell_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n wife_n to_o rodri_n mawr_n daughter_n to_o meyric_n ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n ap_fw-mi seissillt_n ap_fw-mi clydawc_n ap_fw-mi arthole_n ap_fw-mi arnothen_fw-ge ap_fw-mi brothan_n ap_fw-mi seirwell_n ap_fw-mi ussa_n ap_fw-mi caredic_n ap_fw-mi cwnedda_fw-mi weledic_n ap_fw-mi edeirn_n ap_fw-mi padarn_n peisrydd_n which_o edeirn_n wed_v gwawl_v ferch_n coel_n godeboc_n mother_n to_o cwnedda_n weledyc_n etc._n etc._n how_o owen_n come_v of_o meuryc_a lord_n of_o gwent_n by_o morfydd_n daughter_n wife_n to_o gronw_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi morfydd_n ferch_n meuryc_a l._n of_o gwent_n how_o owen_n come_v of_o rodri_n mawr_n by_o angharad_n daughter_n to_o ithel_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n llwyd_n and_o wife_n of_o tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n ithel_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n llwyd_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n gam_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi vchdrud_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n king_n of_o tegengle_n in_o flintshire_n how_o owen_n come_v of_o rodri_n mawr_n by_o adleis_n wife_n to_o ithel_n fychan_n daughter_n to_o ricart_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n adleis_n wife_n to_o ithel_n fychan_n daughter_n to_o ricart_n ap_fw-mi cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi kynan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n ap_fw-mi jago_n ap_fw-mi idwal_n foel_n ap_fw-mi anarawd_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n mawr_z etc._n etc._n all_o this_o by_o gyttin_n owen_n be_v book_n how_o owen_n come_v of_o beli_n mawr_z by_o gwerfill_v ferch_n madawc_n over_o hên_n dwr_fw-mi wife_n to_o gronw_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi ednyse_v fychan_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gwerfill_v ferch_n madawc_n over_o hên_n dwr_fw-mi ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi bleddyn_n ap_fw-mi kynfin_fw-fr prince_n of_o powis_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o to_o beli_n mawr_z how_o owen_n come_v to_o beli_n mawr_z by_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o say_v gwerfill_v ferch_n madawc_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gwerfill_v ferch_n madawc_n over_o hên_n dwr_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lleucu_fw-mi ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi gruffudh_fw-mi maelor_n prince_n of_o powis_n this_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi gruffudh_fw-mi maelor_n build_v the_o abbey_n of_o valacrucis_fw-la in_o welsh_a manachlog_n llan_n egwestl_n the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 12â—â—_n and_o lie_v there_o bury_v and_o this_o gruffudh_n maelor_n be_v son_n to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi bleddin_n ap_fw-mi cynfin_fw-fr ap_fw-mi gweristan_n ap_fw-mi gwalthfoed_n ap_fw-mi gwrydor_n ap_fw-mi cariadawc_n ap_fw-mi lles_fw-mi llaw_n ddeawc_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n ap_fw-mi gwnnan_n ap_fw-mi gwnnawc_n farf_n sych_n ap_fw-mi keidic_n ap_fw-mi corf_n ap_fw-mi cadnawc_n ap_fw-mi tegonwy_n ap_fw-mi teon_n ap_fw-mi gwinaf_fw-mi daufreuddwyd_n ap_fw-mi powyr_n lêw_o ap_fw-mi bywdec_n ap_fw-mi rhun_n rhudd_v baladr_v ap_fw-mi llary_n ap_fw-mi casfar_n wledic_n ap_fw-mi lludd_n ap_fw-mi beli_n mawr_z king_n of_o all_o england_n and_o wales_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o be_v son_n this_o way_n by_o blood_fw-mi in_o 36_o degree_n how_o owen_n come_v to_o beli_n mawr_z by_o the_o mother_n side_n of_o gwerfill_v ferch_n madawc_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gwerfill_v ferch_n eva_n ferch_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwin_n ap_fw-mi owen_n cyfeilioc_fw-la ap_fw-mi gruff_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n of_o powis_n ap_fw-mi bleddyn_n ap_fw-mi cynfin_fw-fr etc._n etc._n to_o beli_n
mawr_z owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gwerfill_v ferch_n eva_n ferch_n margaret_n ferch_n meredith_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi fychan_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi gôch_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi bleddyn_n ap_fw-mi cynfin_fw-fr etc._n etc._n to_o beli._n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi gwerfyll_v ferch_n eva_n ferch_n margaret_n ferch_n meredith_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi christin_n ap_fw-mi bledrws_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n owen_n bendew_v one_o of_o the_o fifteen_o tribe_n of_o north-wales_n son_n to_o cynan_n feiniard_n ap_fw-mi gwalthfoed_n ap_fw-mi gwlyddien_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwridor_n ap_fw-mi caradawc_n ap_fw-mi lles_fw-mi llaw_n ddeawc_fw-la ap_fw-mi edwal_n ap_fw-mi gwnnan_n ap_fw-mi gwnnawc_n farf_n sych_a ap_fw-mi ceidio_n ap_fw-mi corf_n ap_fw-mi cadnawc_n ap_fw-mi tegonwy_n ap_fw-mi teon_n ap_fw-mi gwinau_n dau_fw-fr freuddwyd_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o to_o beli._n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi lhewelin_fw-mi ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n lord_n iscoed_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n so_o to_o rodri_n mawr_z owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi llywelin_fw-mi ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n arglwydd_n zion_n john_n of_o hasson_n by_o william_n ap_fw-mi david_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi dubium_fw-la owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n margaret_n ferch_n philip_n ap_fw-mi ifor_n lord_n iscoed_n by_o william_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi dubium_fw-la owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n margaret_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi drwyndw_v prince_n of_o all_o wales_n this_o llewelyn_n wed_v inet_n daughter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o be_v son_n to_o henry_n the_o second_o son_n to_o maud_n the_o empress_n daughter_z to_z henry_n the_o first_o son_n to_z william_n the_o conqueror_n son_n to_o robert_n duke_n of_o normandy_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi elinor_n ferch_n ....._o lord_n bar_n by_o gyttin_n owen_n by_o information_n of_o dr._n owen_n pool_n and_o mr._n lingam_n be_v wife_n by_o a_o old_a pedigree_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi elinor_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n edward_n longshanks_n king_n of_o england_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n tomas_n ap_fw-mi elinor_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n elinor_n second_o to_o king_n edward_n abovesaid_a dubium_fw-la owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n by_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi howel_n his_o book_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n catrin_n ferch_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi last_v prnce_n of_o wales_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tangwistl_n ferch_n llywarch_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi lhowarch_n ap_fw-mi pyll_n ap_fw-mi cynan_n ap_fw-mi einion_n ap_fw-mi gwridor_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi helic_n ap_fw-mi glannawc_n ap_fw-mi gwgon_fw-mi gleddyfrudd_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cariadawc_n freichfras_n ap_fw-mi llir_n merini_fw-la ap_fw-mi einion_n irth_n ap_fw-mi cunedda_fw-mi wledic_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n caterin_n ferch_n elinor_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tangwistl_n ferch_n tangwistl_n ferch_n llowarch_n ap_fw-mi bran_n ap_fw-mi dinawal_n ap_fw-mi efnydd_n ap_fw-mi alawe_n alser_n ap_fw-mi tudwal_n ap_fw-mi rodri_n mawr_n by_o gyttin_n owen_n gwen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n fychan_n ferch_n simon_n montford_n earl_n of_o leicester_n by_o gyttin_n owen_n owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n caterin_n ferch_n elinor_n fychan_n ferch_n elinor_n ferch_n john_n king_n of_o england_n hereafter_o follow_v the_o ancient_a lineage_n of_o the_o say_v owen_n mother_n margaret_n wife_n to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n llwyd_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi hwfa_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cwmus_n ap_fw-mi cillin_n ap_fw-mi maeloc_n dda_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gredef_n ap_fw-mi kwmus_fw-la du_fw-fr ap_fw-mi cillin_n ynad_n ap_fw-mi predur_n teirnoe_n ap_fw-mi meilir_n eryr_n gwyr_n gorsedd_n ap_fw-mi tiday_n ap_fw-mi tyfodde_n ap_fw-mi gwybfyw_n ap_fw-mi marchwin_n ap_fw-mi branap_n pill_n ap_fw-mi cerfyr_n ap_fw-mi meilir_n meilirion_n ap_fw-mi goron_n ap_fw-mi cunedda_fw-mi wledic_n ap_fw-mi gwawl_fw-mi ferch_n coel_n godeboc_n as_o before_o owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n llwyd_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi gronw_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi hwfa_fw-mi ap_fw-mi generis_fw-la ferch_n ednowain_n bendew_o ap_fw-mi cynon_n finiaid_n ap_fw-mi gwarthfoed_n ap_fw-mi gwridr_n ap_fw-mi cradoc_n ap_fw-mi lles_fw-fr llaw_n ddevawc_fw-la ap_fw-mi edwal_n ap_fw-mi gwynnan_n and_o so_o to_o blood_fw-mi ap_fw-mi beli_n mawr_fw-mi as_o before_o by_o gyttin_n owen_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n lhwyd_n ap_fw-mi cyner_n ap_fw-mi llaysedd_n daughter_n to_o sir_n william_n twychet_n knight_n by_o william_n indub_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n lhwyd_n ap_fw-mi alis_fw-la ferch_n robert_n ap_fw-mi turstan_n holland_n captain_n of_o harlech_n by_o william_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n lhwyd_n ap_fw-mi alis_fw-la ferch_n margaret_n ferch_n alan_n norris_n knight_n by_o william_n indub_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n howell_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi llywarch_n ap_fw-mi bran_n as_o before_o etc._n etc._n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n howell_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenllian_n ferch_n cynan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cynan_n etc._n etc._n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n owen_n ap_fw-mi bleddin_n ap_fw-mi owen_n bregennwn_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi bleddin_n ap_fw-mi cynfin_fw-fr prince_n of_o powis_n these_o 3_o by_o gyttin_n owen_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n gwladis_n ferch_n llewelin_n gethni_fw-la ap_fw-mi edwal_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meuric_n ap_fw-mi cadhayarn_n ap_fw-mi gwrydd_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n gôch_v one_o of_o the_o 15_o tribe_n of_o north_n wales_n which_o be_v son_n to_o sandwr_n ap_fw-mi jarddwr_n ap_fw-mi mor_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tegerin_fw-mi ap_fw-mi aelaw_n ap_fw-mi gredres_n ap_fw-mi cwmus_fw-la du_fw-fr ap_fw-mi cillin_n ynad_n etc._n etc._n to_o coel_n godeboc_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n dafydd_n fychan_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n gwladus_n ferch_n mali_n llwyd_n ferch_n jers_fw-mi ap_fw-mi engion_n ap_fw-mi geraint_n ap_fw-mi tegware_v ap_fw-mi cynfawr_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n diffa_v which_o be_v ruler_n and_o great_a man_n in_o pentraeth_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n jermy_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi howell_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi engion_n ap_fw-mi gwgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi merwydd_n ap_fw-mi golwyn_n one_o of_o the_o 15_o tribe_n of_o north-wales_n son_n to_o tangno_n ap_fw-mi cadfael_n ap_fw-mi lludd_n ap_fw-mi llen_fw-mi ap_fw-mi llaminod_n angel_n ap_fw-mi pasgen_fw-mi ap_fw-mi urien_n rhege_v ap_fw-mi meirchion_n ap_fw-mi grwst_n ap_fw-mi cennaf_fw-mi ap_fw-mi coel_n godeboc_fw-fr king_n as_o before_o owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n jermy_n ap_fw-mi gwerfill_v ferch_n gwladus_n ferch_n edwal_n fychan_n as_o before_o owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi llewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi dafydd_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tangwistl_n ferch_n llowarch_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi llowarch_n holbwrch_n ap_fw-mi pill_n ap_fw-mi cynan_n ap_fw-mi gwridor_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi helic_n ap_fw-mi glannoc_n as_o before_o owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi dafydd_n gôch_n ap_fw-mi rhanullt_n ferch_n rheinallt_n king_n of_o man._n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n heylyn_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n anghahad_n ferch_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n heylyn_n ap_fw-mi adleir_n ferch_n ricart_n ap_fw-mi cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cynan_n prince_n these_o 4_o by_o gyttin_n owen_n owen_n ap_fw-mi margaret_n ferch_n nest_n ferch_n angharad_n ferch_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi angharad_n ferch_n heylyn_n ap_fw-mi adleis_n ferch_n ricart_n ap_fw-mi cadwallader_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cynan_n ap_fw-mi afandrec_n wife_n to_o jago_n daughter_n to_o gwayr_a ap_fw-mi pill_n ap_fw-mi cynan_n ap_fw-mi cynddelw_n gam_fw-la ap_fw-mi elgudi_fw-la ap_fw-mi grwyfnad_n ap_fw-mi diwgludd_n ap_fw-mi tegawc_n ap_fw-mi cyfnerth_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n madogion_n ap_fw-mi sauddl_n bride_n angel_n ap_fw-mi llylwarch_n
canonize_v 160._o john_n k._n of_o england_n in_o his_o way_n to_o ireland_n through_o wales_n discharge_v a_o criminal_a that_o murder_v a_o priest_n 226._o famish_v will_n de_fw-fr bruce_n and_o maud_n his_o aunt_n at_o windsor_n after_o his_o return_n 227._o the_o reason_n of_o his_o cruelty_n and_o disaffection_n to_o priest_n ib._n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o wales_n and_o return_n without_o success_n 229_o 230._o make_v a_o second_o expedition_n ib._n order_n foulk_n viscount_n cardyff_fw-mi to_o subdue_v those_o that_o oppose_v in_o south-wales_n and_o they_o at_o last_o do_v he_o homage_n but_o quick_o revolt_v 231_o 232._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o wales_n 229._o make_v a_o second_o and_o three_o and_o hang_v the_o welsh_a pledge_n reconcile_v himself_o to_o rome_n and_o engage_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o his_o baron_n 237._o dies_z and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n henry_n 242._o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n revolt_v from_o the_o earl_n of_o salop_n 124._o base_o use_v by_o k._n henry_n for_o it_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o 125._o deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n 133._o forbid_v owen_n and_o madawc_n to_o retire_v to_o his_o estate_n 134._o beset_v and_o slay_v by_o madawc_n and_o llywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahern_n 137._o joseph_n bishop_n of_o llandaff_n die_v at_o rome_n 88_o ireland_n molest_v with_o locust_n 42._o ithel_n king_n of_o gwent_n slay_v 28._o l._n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sytsylht_n make_v himself_o prince_n of_o all_o wales_n 79._o his_o good_a government_n ib._n slay_v meuric_n that_o rebel_v against_o he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n 80._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 81._o base_o slay_v ibid._n lhewelyn_n p._n of_o north-wales_n take_v david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n prisoner_n 217._o receive_v homage_n of_o most_o of_o the_o welsh_a lord_n 222._o conquer_v gwenwynwyn_n country_n 225._o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-w_n and_o maelgon_n flee_v 225_o 226._o marry_v joan_n king_n john_n daughter_n 224._o sue_v and_o obtain_v peace_n of_o the_o king_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o wife_n 231._o animate_v the_o lord_n of_o north-wales_n to_o join_v with_o he_o in_o a_o revolt_n against_o the_o king_n 233._o dispossess_v the_o english_a of_o all_o their_o hold_n in_o his_o country_n 237._o take_v shrewsbury_n though_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n 238._o subdue_v cardigan_n and_o carmarthen_n 240._o reconcile_v the_o â—onds_n in_o south-wales_n 241._o subdue_v powis_n 242._o refuse_v assistance_n to_o king_n john_n against_o the_o dauphine_n ibid._n make_v rynald_n bruce_n who_o have_v revolt_v submit_v to_o he_o â—43_n receive_v the_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n of_o the_o fleming_n in_o dyfed_a ibid._n subdue_v the_o revolt_a flemings_n again_o 246._o make_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n submit_v ibid._n complain_v of_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n by_o young_a rhys_n adju_v matter_n with_o he_o 247._o seize_v the_o castle_n of_o william_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n in_o wales_n and_o occasion_n a_o war_n between_o they_o 247_o 248._o worst_n the_o english_a army_n pay_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 249._o destroy_v the_o march_n 252._o make_v a_o descent_n upon_o england_n 253._o be_v join_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n against_o king_n henry_n rout_v his_o army_n 254._o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o king_n territory_n 255._o make_v peace_n with_o the_o king_n 256._o set_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n at_o liberty_n ibid._n bury_v his_o princess_n joan_n 257._o force_a to_o quit_v the_o siege_n of_o ruthlan_n 258._o make_v the_o welsh_a do_v homage_n to_o his_o son_n david_n ibid._n die_n his_o character_n and_o issue_n â—59_n llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi and_o owen_n gôch_v his_o brother_n declare_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 269._o quarrel_n and_o owen_n with_o his_o brother_n david_n make_v close_a prisoner_n 271._o recover_v the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o waste_v cheshire_n ibid._n beat_v the_o irish_a by_o sea_n 273._o desire_n peace_n with_o the_o king_n but_o fail_v 277._o kind_a to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n 278._o make_v a_o peace_n by_o the_o pope_n mediation_n with_o the_o king_n 279._o refuse_v to_o attend_v upon_o king_n edward_n coronation_n 280._o the_o reason_n for_o his_o refusal_n 281._o a_o accident_n make_v he_o pliable_a 283._o severe_a condition_n of_o peace_n impose_v upon_o he_o 284._o marry_a to_o elinor_n earl_n montfords_n daughter_n at_o worcester_n 285._o reconcile_v with_o his_o brother_n david_n and_o join_v against_o the_o english_a 286._o offer_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o king_n conditional_o 292._o send_v a_o letter_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o general_a answer_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o his_o proposal_n 293_o 294_o 295._o betray_v in_o buellt_n and_o kill_v 297._o london_n besiege_v by_o the_o dane_n 65._o m._n mahael_n dispossess_v of_o his_o inheritance_n by_o his_o unnatural_a mother_n nest_n mean_n and_o how_o 115._o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n stick_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n 173._o madawc_n reconcile_v to_o king_n henry_n 138._o take_a prisoner_n by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 139._o have_v his_o eye_n pull_v out_o by_o owen_n ibid._n madawc_n ab_fw-la owen_n gwynedh_n sail_v into_o america_n 196._o plant_n a_o colony_n there_o ib._n maelgon_n disturb_v south-wales_n 228._o beat_v by_o his_o nephew_n rhys_n and_o owen_n 229._o march_v earl_n of_o marry_v owen_n glyndwr_n daughter_n 318._o consent_v by_o indenture_n to_o divide_v england_n between_o owen_n piercy_n and_o himself_o 318._o maud_n the_o empress_n land_n in_o england_n and_o be_v receive_v at_o arundel_n 162._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n possess_v of_o all_o wales_n 64._o dispossess_v of_o north-wales_n 67._o and_o rout_v by_o edwal_n ap_fw-mi meuric_n their_o new_a prince_n 68_o die_v without_o issue_n male_a 69._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n make_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n 96._o slay_a in_o battle_n against_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 102._o meredith_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 171._o meredith_n death_n and_o character_n 172._o merfyn_n frych_a be_v make_v king_n of_o wales_n 24._o be_v slay_v 27._o merlin_n ambrose_n and_o sylvester_n their_o time_n country_n and_o prophecy_n 10_o 11._o morgan_z hên_o die_v a_o hundred_o year_n old_a his_o marriage_n estate_n and_o issue_v 58._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi owen_n kill_v robert_n fitz-gilbert_n and_o his_o son_n 157._o slay_v 175._o morgan_z ap_fw-mi cadogan_n repent_v of_o his_o murder_n commit_v 156._o murder_n commit_v 156._o item_n 163._o n._n newmarch_n a_o norman_a obtain_v the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n and_o marry_v nest_n daughter_n to_o llewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 115._o norman_n twice_o decimate_v and_o put_v to_o death_n in_o england_n 86._o they_o waste_v and_o plunder_v dyfe_v 103._o they_o seize_v upon_o the_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n 113._o the_o name_n of_o the_o adventurer_n ibid._n they_o possess_v themselves_o of_o several_a lordship_n in_o wales_n 117._o divers_a of_o they_o slay_v in_o cardigan_n ibid._n rout_v again_o by_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o their_o castle_n destroy_v 118._o slaughter_v divers_a time_n by_o the_o welsh_a and_o force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n 119_o 120._o northumberland_n invade_v by_o the_o scot_n 109._o o._n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n make_v a_o ditch_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n 20._o his_o death_n 21._o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n a_o traitor_n to_o his_o country_n 121._o make_a prince_n of_o wales_n by_o the_o english_a but_o soon_o lose_v it_o 122._o his_o death_n and_o pedigree_n 126._o owen_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n enamour_v of_o nest_n the_o wife_n of_o gerald_n king_n henry_n lieutenant_n in_o wales_n 129._o steal_v she_o away_o ibid._n fly_v into_o ireland_n 135._o return_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n in_o conjunction_n with_o maradoc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n 133._o his_o man_n slay_v a_o english_a bishop_n the_o cause_n of_o cadwgan_n his_o father_n be_v dispossess_v of_o his_o estate_n 135._o force_v to_o flee_v into_o ireland_n with_o madawc_n ibid._n return_n and_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 138._o divide_v madawc's_o estate_n between_o himself_o and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n 139._o flee_v for_o fear_n of_o king_n henry_n into_o north-wales_n 140._o reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n 141._o owen_n be_v brave_a and_o knight_v in_o normandy_n 142._o employ_v by_o king_n henry_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n 148._o slay_v by_o gerald_n 149._o owen_n gwynedh_n succeed_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 160._o mighty_o concern_v at_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n run_v 165._o take_v and_o race_n the_o castle_n of_o mould_n 166._o pull_v out_o his_o nephew_n cunedah_n eye_n and_o castrate_v he_o 170._o be_v provoke_v invade_v llandhinam_n 193._o dies_fw-la his_o character_n and_o issue_n 194._o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o owen_n fychan_n dispossess_v jorwerth_n gôch_o of_o his_o estate_n in_o powis_n 192._o cyfeilioc_fw-la dies_fw-la