Selected quad for the lemma: prince_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
prince_n	conde_n	king_n	navarre_n	5,419	5	11.7990	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A55007	The lives of the popes from the time of our saviour Jesus Christ, to the reign of Sixtus IV / written originally in Latine by Baptista Platina ... and translated into English, and the same history continued from the year 1471 to this present time, wherein the most remarkable passages of Christendom, both in church and state are treated of and described, by Paul Rycaut ...; Vitae pontificum. English	Platina, 1421-1481.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.	1685 (1685)	Wing P2403; ESTC R9221	956,457	865

thereupon he dispatched them for Spain by the first Post and to the Duke of Ossuna then Vice-King of Naples the which administred not onely cause of jealousie and incited the Vice-King to be watchful against the least commotions but was the cause of misunderstanding and ill correspondence between Sixtus and Philip of Spain But the quarrel which he had with the French King was of another nature and grounded on more substantial differences and considering the fierce resolution of Sixtus might have produced more prejudicial consequences The Dispute had its beginning from a Message sent by the Pope to the French Ambassadour signifying to him by break of day in the morning that it was the Pope's pleasure that in t●● space of two days time he should depart from Rome and from the jurisdiction of the Ecclesiastical State the occasion of this intimation was this The Pope for reasons best known to himself had recalled from the Court of France his Nuntio the Bishop of Bergamo with intention to dispeed Fabio Mirto the Arch-bishop of Nazaret to reside in his place for he being a Person of prudence and noted for his admirable conduct and dexterity in the management of Affairs the Pope took an extraordinary liking to him especially for having managed the Office of Nuntio at other times with great success but the French King so soon as he received Intelligence that this Arch-bishop of Nazaret was coming Nuntio to Paris and understood by his Character that he was a Person zealous and entirely devoted to the Interest of the Pope he immediately dispatched an Express to him with Letters desiring him that wheresoever those Letters should be delivered to his hands he should remain and abide until new Orders should come to the Pope whom he had instantly desired that the Bishop of Bergamo might still continue in his Office The Arch-bishop of Nazaret being proceeded as far as Lions when he received the King's Orders seemed greatly surprized with this unexpected interruption saying that his Master the Pope who was impatient of Injuries would highly resent an Affront of this nature and that whereas he had Instructions to return back from what place soever he found the least difficulty or interruption in his Journey he was resolved the next day to set his face towards Rome the which would produce an ill correspondence with France for the Bishop of Bergamo would certainly be recalled and the Kingdom left without the residence of a Nuntio So soon as this News was brought to Rome the Pope resented it in a fierce manner and with high words against the French King threatned revenge with Thunderbolts of Excommunication and other Ecclesiastical Censures and in the heat of this fury without the consultation of a Consistory he sent immediately to the French Ambassadour to depart from Rome and out of the Dominion of the Church On the other side when this news arrived at the French Court the King expressed his resentments thereof to his Council and calling together all the Ministers of forein Princes he in their presence stated the difference in the case between himself and the Pope protesting against the Injuries he had received In fine after several Letters which passed by Expresses between the King and the Pope without any good understanding on either side for the Pope was resolved not to yield his Point at length by the mediation of forein Ambassadours at Paris and the interposition of Cardinal d' Este and other Cardinals at Rome the matter was accommodated so that the King received the Arch-bishop of Nazaret at Paris and the Pope recalled the French Ambassadour the Sieur St. Godart to Rome whom in his fury he had lately dispeeded from thence But such quarrels as these were like the fallings out of Friends which are easily reconcileable and of small importance in respect of those grand Feuds which were commenced between the Pope and Henry King of Navarre on the score of Religion for in regard that in the Reign of Gregory XIII a League was made against the Protestant Religion and directed against the Person of the said Henry which Pope Gregory refused to subscribe but now this Sixtus V. who was of a towring Spirit and one who delighted out of the pride of his heart to mortifie Princes and contend with great Personages not onely subscribed to the League in a most solemn manner but with terrible maledictions issued out his Bulls of Excommunication against the person of Henry King of Navarre and the Prince of Conde declaring them guilty of Heresie and to be the chief Fomenters and Protectors of the heretical party and that consequently the said Henry his Heirs and all descended from him was by the just Censures of the Canonical Law rendered uncapable to succeed in the right of any Principality and particularly to the Crown of France and accordingly he did absolve all his Subjects from their Oath of Allegiance and the Obedience they had sworn to him Notwithstanding all these Menaces of the Pope and the power of the League Henry comported himself with that Courage and generosity of mind that the Pope could not but much admire the heroick spirit of that King and conceived such an extraordinary Opinion of his Abilities and worth that he would frequently say that there were onely two Princes in the World namely the King of Navarre and Elizabeth Queen of England whose friendship and correspondence he would court and desire but that the guilt of Heresie had rendered them uncapable of his Acquaintance And in such esteem those two were with him notwithstanding the prejudice he had to them for the cause of Religion that in his ordinary Discourse he would use this saying That to make things go well in the World there was need onely of three Persons viz. Elizabeth Henry and Sixtus It is said also that Queen Elizabeth conceived such an esteem for this Pope Sixtus that she would often commend his Talent and excellent Qualities for Government And that when some would discourse of her Marrying she would often say that if she did marry she would have no other Husband than Pope Sixtus which being reported to him again he replyed thereupon That if they two should lie one night together they should beget an other Alexander for the World The Duke of Ossuna in the time of this Sixtus was Vice King of Naples a Person esteemed the wisest Governour and the best Politician of his Age and yet was highly blamed by this Pope for not revenging the murther of Starace who in a popular Insurrection was assassinated by the people for no other reason than that he was esteemed a Confident and a Creature of Ossuna upon which neglect and default the Pope entertaining Discourses frequently with the Spanish Ambassadour would often say That two Instruments were necessary for the people that is Bread and cold Iron repeating those words often Bread I say and cold Iron But Ossuna who had no need of those Admonitions not long after or so

which they knew or of which they could accuse their Judges who had for the space of five or six years sat in the Seat of Judicature By these means every day one poor Judg or other who perhaps also was out of employment was dragged away to Prison and close shut up for what Crime he knew not or perhaps had forgot the Sentence he had passed in the Case for which he was accused These and many such like cases of severity strook such a terrour into the minds of those who sat on the Tribunals of Justice or managed any publick employment that every one became cautious and nice in the Sentences he gave or how by fear or bribery he remitted the least scruple or severity which the Law enjoyned or required Farther he gave strict charge to all Sindics and Governours of Towns and Castles to give in a particular List or account of all Felons within their respective Precincts who had for the space of ten years past been accused or branded with Capital Crimes and also of all such who had been convicted for scandalous and infamous persons and Incorrigible during the time of their Sindicate In which Lists he required such an exact impartiality that upon Information given against the Sindic of Albano how in the List of the Dissolute and Incorrigible he had omitted to insert the name of his Nephew he was sentenced by the Pope himself to undergo the Strapado in the publick Market-place from which punishment all the Intercession and Prayers and Interest which the Spanish Ambassadour could make in his behalf was not able to deliver him By these means the Lists of Dissolute Persons which were immediately directed to the hand of the Pope were so very exact that no person was exempted who was guilty of the least Crime Which when the Pope saw and observed every Week as they were sent him he was greatly pleased and especially with those which were filled with a great number of names for in reading of them he would often say Oh happy Gallies which I intend to build O happy I who have first found Men for my Gallies before I found Gallies for my Men. The which severity of the Pope from whom there could never be any expectation of Pardon so terrified all sorts and conditions of People that every one comported himself with the greatest modesty and gravity imaginable that an Oath or a rude or uncivil word was not heard through any of the streets of Rome but every one being alarm'd and dreading as if he had always a Constable or a Pursuivant at his back walked with his beads in his hand repeating a Pater-Noster or some other Prayer with a sorrowful and penitential countenance By these Methods all the Banditi who being grown licentious under the gentle Government of other Popes and who spoiled and destroyed all Italy were now by the Justice of this Pope almost wholly extirpated for such as fled out of the State of the Church to the Dominions of other Princes he so prosecuted by laying Fines on any who secured or succoured them and setting a price on the head of every considerable Bandito that in a short time he reduced them to a small number and totally suppressed the pride and insolence of that pest of mankind And thus resolutely was Sixtus bent to punish the Enormities of wicked Men that whereas it had been the custom of former Popes to shew acts of mercy and pardon on the day of their Coronation opening the Prison Gates and enlarging the Prisoners this Sixtus absolutely refused to grant releasement to any though instantly urged by the Cardinals alledging That there were Rogues sufficient about the streets without ransacking the Prisons for them That he had taken a resolution when he was first made Pope to chastise the wicked and not suffer their Villanies to corrupt and intermix with the Vertues of good Men. By these severities all people lived in quiet and peace one with the other no Sword was drawn in the City nor quarelsom words or uncivil language uttered it being a common saying to Men at variance together Remember these are the times of Sixtus Thus when the Banditi were suppressed the good and benefit was so great to all Italy that the Citizens of Rome erected a Statue of Brass to the memory of this Rome on which these words were engraven Sixto V. Pont. Max. ob quietem publicam compressa Sicariorum Exulumque licentiâ restitutam Annonae inopiam sublevatam urbem edificiis viis aquaeductu illustratam SPQR And farther to demonstrate the inflexible humour of this Pope it is observable that a poor Youth of about seventeen years of age making a resistance against the Bayliffs who came to distrain an Ass for some Duties owing and by Law ordained to be paid in which seizure though the Officers made a mistake for that the Ass did not belong to the party who owed the Mony yet because he offended against the course of Justice by making opposition to it he was condemned to die nor could the persuasions or Intercessions of the G. Duke's Ambassadour nor of the Cardinal of Medici prevail in his behalf or mitigate the rigour of the Sentence and when the Governour of Rome alledged that the youth being under age could not by Law be put to death for this Crime the Pope replyed If he want years I will lend him ten of mine Nor did Sixtus exercise this severity onely towards his own People but he was brisk and haughty towards all Christian Princes for in a few days after his Coronation or at most in two months after he quarrelled with Henry III. King of France with Henry King of Navarre and with Philip II. King of Spain The occasion of his quarrel with Spain seemed to have had no other cause or foundation than his own pride and desire of usurpation and which happened in this manner It had been the custom ever since the time of the Emperour Charles V. for the King of Spain by his Ambassadour at Rome to present yearly on the 29th day of June which is the Festival of St. Peter a white Horse with a Purse of seven thousand Ducats in Gold to the Pope for a Tribute and acknowledgment for the Kingdom of Naples which that King holds as feudatary to the Ecclesiastical State And now on the usual day Sixtus appearing on a Throne with pomp and mignificence to receive his Tribute which the Ambassadour in a quaint Speech and with fine Complements presented he seemed not very well satisfied therewith but returned this tart and Satyrical Reply You think now said he that you have made a fine Speech and indeed so you have for you have made us change a Kingdom for a Beast and still seeming uneasie as he was about to rise he added these suspitious words But we believe that this business will not proceed long in this manner These words immediately touched the Ambassadour to the quick and giving him just cause of reflection

had declared the Cardinal of Bourbon to be King by the name of Charles XI Upon this grand Crisis of Affairs the Pope resolved to dispeed Cardinal Cajetan in quality of his Legat into France with a numerous train of Prelats famous for their Wisdom and Learning intending to furnish him with the sum of a hundred thousand Pistols to defray the charge and pomp of his sublime Character Whilest things were thus preparing Advices came from the Duke of Luxemburg that Henry of Vandosme King of Navarre having been victorious in many bloody Battels was acknowledged by all the Nobility to be the true and lawful King of France and that he namely the Duke of Luxemburg was designed Ambassadour by the said Nobility unto his Holiness to inform him of the reasons which moved them to such an acknowledgment and to demand his Counsel and direction as the common Father how and in what manner they might apply such remedies as might tend to a happy and a well grounded peace The Pope discovering hereby that the Agents of the League had falsely represented the state of Affairs to him immediately dispatched a Letter in answer to the Duke of Luxemburg acquainting him that his Person should be welcome at Rome and civilly treated together with an other to the Nobility of France in the Camp of Navarre exhorting them to remain firm and constant to the Catholick Religion adding that as to the person of the King it was indifferent to him who it was that reigned provided he were a true Son of the Church and such as the Nobility desired And now the Legat being upon departure the Pope altered many particulars of his former Instructions and expresly warned him to keep as much as was possible an even and steady hand in all the pretensions of Secular Princes but that he should be sure always to incline towards the side of the Church and Religion that he should not shew himself an open Enemy to the King of Navarre until his case was desperate and past all hopes of being reclaimed to the Church but that so soon as he found him wavering he should then encourage him but stand a Neuter until he professed himself a true Convert and from that time to declare for his Person and Interest But the Legat not well observing these Rules but running quite contrary in favour of the League and making his aboad at Paris which had declared it self against the King of Navarre did greatly incur the displeasure of the Pope who not approving his Negotiations gave a stop to those sums of Money which he had designed for him In short therefore this deportment which the Pope used towards Henry did greatly contribute towards his establishment for the World observing that so wise a person as the Pope professing no other quarrel to him than onely on the score of Religion and that this scruple being removed he was ready to side with him against all other Interests and that he had induced the wise and politick Senate of Venice to acknowledg him for King of France there is no doubt but that these favourable appearances did bring great reputation to the Arms of Henry and much facilitated his ascent to the Crown Having in this manner laid down the Methods and ways of proceedings in Secular Affairs and with forein Princes let us now before we conclude the Life of this great Man return to the treatment which he exercised towards his own People and the rules he observed in the maintenance and nourishment of his own natural Body Sixtus having now for five years observed many things relating to Government nothing appeared more extravagant than the gallantry which people used in their Clothing which was become so excessive that for the regulation thereof he constituted Cardinal Aldobrandino to be the Reformer by whose care and wisdom such sumptuary Laws were enacted as reduced all persons into a modesty of dress and habit which being imposed with severe penalties on the Transgressour which Sixtus would never remit all the Rules were observed and obeyed during the time of this Pope who did not supervive for many Months after It is observable that this Sixtus when he was a Frier and a Cardinal and not incumbred with a load of business was very temperate and abstemious in his Diet but being made Pope and burdened with an intense application of mind to business he seemed to want greater nourishment to keep up his spirits which otherwise might have sunk under the weight of Affairs and therefore did eat much and drink often of divers sorts of delicious and exquisite Wines and would often sit two or three hours at Meals discoursing of Theological and political Subjects howsoever his Diet was ordinary and course and his Table as frugal as of any Pope that ever preceded him He slept little having his mind always intent to Studies or businesses giving Audiences to forein Ambassadours or hearing the Consults and Advices of his Cardinals or administring Justice so that he was never observed to be idle or at leisure He was ever chiding in a clamorous manner with his Servants and yet he loved them preferring many of them to high degrees and dignities having made three of them Cardinals and Bishops besides Castruccio Ardas as he was forward to advance those who had merited well from him so he was rigorous and severe against any who offended either out of negligence or malice An example of which he shewed in the condemnation of Bellochio his Cup-bearer to the Gallies for having affixed the Annulus Piscatorius or the Pope's Seal to a certain writing which Sixtus had refused to pass nor could he be dissuaded by all the Intreaties which the Friends of Bellochio used and being cast into the Gallies he died miserably in two Months time of his disgrace and servitude He was extreamly tender and affectionate to his own Kindred and Relations and in an especial manner to his Sister Camilla one of whose Grandsons by a Daughter a youth very young he raised to be a Cardinal in the first Month that he was made Pope who so well improved himself by time in the dexterous management of all Affairs that he became so very useful to his Uncle the Pope that he bestowed a Revenue upon him of an hundred thousand Crowns of yearly Rent The Palace of Montalto is to this day to be seen at Rome rarely furnished and famous for the abundance of rare Pictures Statues and Urns and the Garden one of the best in all Rome He was infinitely covetous and contriving for Money for raising of which he laid Taxes on those things which were never before charged and sold those Offices which were never until his time set to sale so that he advanced the Papal Revenue to above six hundred thousand Crowns a year above the ordinary Income and in the first year of his Reign he laid up a million of Gold in the Castle of St. Angelo ordaining that this Money should never be employed

produced for those Cities and Fortresses which in other times had valiantly stood out for many months against the Sieges and storms of their Enemies did now shamefully yield so soon as they discovered the French Banners displayed before their Walls To this success the surprise of the action did much contribute for had the King deferred this enterprise until the Summer 't is more than probable that he might have encountred a greater opposition by the union of the German Princes who in a season fit for Armies to take the Field would scarce have suffered so considerable a part as the Franch Compte to be lopped off and dismembred from the Body of the Empire This sudden and unexpected success begat a jealousie in the neighbouring Princes and was the first moving Cause which gave beginning to the Triple League between England the Vnited Provinces and Sweden leaving a door open to other Princes to be comprehended as they should see cause in the same Agreement This Sacred Alliance became the common discourse of all Europe and many happy effects were expected as consequences thereof In which conjuncture our Clement IX renewing his former sollicitations for Peace procured a suspension of Arms and though he desired that Rome or Venice should be the places appointed for this Treaty yet Aquisgrane being esteemed a place more convenient for the Electoral Princes who were much concerned in this Accommodation it was by common consent ordained for the onely place of Treaty And now France at the instant pressures of so many powerful Princes inclining to hearken unto Propositions of Peace and the King calling to remembrance his Articles with the King of Portugal not to make a Peace with Spain in exclusion of him he immediately sent his Advices to Lisbon advising that King to dispatch his Plenipotentiary to Aquisgrane which was appointed for the place of Treaty This intimation being given to the Court of Portugal the Count Olivarez Son of the late Favourite being then a Prisoner at Lisbon taken at the Battel of Canal began to propose several Conditions in order to a Peace for which afterwards receiving a Commission from Madrid a Treaty was separately set on foot without concerning France in it At this time the Earl of Sandwich resided at the Court of Spain in quality of Ambassadour from his Majesty of Great Britain a Person so well affected by both Courts that by mutual consent of both Parties he was in the place of the King his Master chosen Umpire of the Peace between the two Kingdoms This Overture being acceptable to our gratious King he sent his Orders and Instructions to the Earl of Sandwich to remove from Madrid to Lisbon there to be Arbitrator of the Peace and in order thereunto to perform all the good Offices of Mediation The Plenipotentiaries being accordingly assembled at Lisbon after some few Conferences between the Earl of Sandwich and Count Olivarez a Peace was concluded and published in the month of March without any respect or consideration to the agreement contracted the year before with France or the endeavours of the Abbat of St. Romain to the contrary And indeed the People were grown so weary of a War which had continued for the space of twenty eight years that they were ready to have broken out into a common mutiny had the least interruption been given thereunto the Commonalty scarce tempering their rage against the French Minister for labouring to disappoint that happiness they had so long desired Some few days after the Peace was proclaimed a Sentence of Divorce declaring the Marriage void between the King Alphonso and the Queen was published grounded on the suppos'd impotency of the King her Husband whereby the Matrimonial knot was dissolved and both Parties freed and stated in a lawful separation with power to dispose of their own Persons The confirmation of this act of Divorce was a subject of serious consideration to the Pope but afterwards when it was to extend so far as to make the Prince lawful possessour of his Brother's Wife and Dominions it was so much the more weighty and worthy consideration but at length reasons of State and conveniences of that Kingdom overswayed the strict Rules and Canons of the Church But in the first place we must understand that this Divorce was the consequence of a general revolt of the People from their King for they being guided by a prevailing Party in opposition to the Conde de Cassel Meglior Chief Minister of State murmured against the Government and perhaps not without some cause for the King himself being given to Wine practised such extravagancies as were intolerable and which did not pass without some reflections on the Favourite though as to himself he managed all things with prudence and good conduct Moreover the Conde opposing the Peace with Castile on other terms than such as were agreeable to the method and Articles concluded with France became so displeasing to the People that he was displaced from his Office and the Prince admitted to the sole management and direction of Affairs But the Conspiracy stopped not its course at this period for the Queen hereupon retiring into a Monastery and declaring the dissatisfaction she had to the King her Husband demanded the justice of the Country upon the causes given to dissolve the Matrimonial knot by a sentence of lawful Divorce The People at this news were stirred with great commotions and being naturally enclined to Novelty joined with the Prince's Party to chuse him Governour of the Kingdom committing the Person of the King to safe custody until the States of Portugal should otherwise provide in cases of this great emergency The States being assembled about the beginning of the year approved the reasons for deposing the King and confirmed the Regency on the Prince and upon hearing the Cause between the King and Queen the Marriage was found void and null and accordingly an Instrument of Divorce was formed and published and license given to the Prince to take the Queen for his Wife on supposition that she was still a Virgin and unknown to his Brother The case though strange to scrupulous Ears and Consciences was not yet without former examples For in Poland John Casimiro succeeded to the Crown and to the Wife of his Brother Vladislaus And in former Histories of Portugal it is recorded that the Nobility desired John III. to match with the Queen F●●●●ora relict of King Emanuel his Father and therefore this case was not without a Precedent which after dissolution of the Marriage and publication of the Queen's divorce from Alfonso VI. might confirm and make lawful the espousals with the Prince his Brother A particular account of all these Occurrences being given at Paris by the Sicur Verius who then resided at Lisbon for the Crown of France The Cardinal Vandosme then Legat à Latere from the Pope to the most Christian King immediately dispatched a Brief of dispensation into Portugal in the name and by the Authority