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A50824 The new state of England under Their Majesties K. William and Q. Mary in three parts ... / by G.M. Miege, Guy, 1644-1718? 1691 (1691) Wing M2019A; ESTC R31230 424,335 944

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Fee-simple make Leases and Grants and sue in her own Name without the King which is not in the power of any other Feme-covert or married Woman to do A Queen Dowager or Widow-Queen is still Respected as a Queen in her Widowhood and keeps a Court accordingly And though she should marry a private Gentleman as did Queen Catharine King Henry the Fifths Widow she does not lose her Dignity By the Sons and Daughters of England I mean the King's Children So called because all the Subjects of England have a special Interest i● Them though their Education and the Disposing of Them is only in the King The Eldest Son commonly called the Prince of Wales is born Duke of Cornwal and afterwards created Prince of Wales Upon his Birth he is by Law of full Age to sue for the Livery of the said Dukedom as if he were full a Years of Age. But so much of the Lands 〈◊〉 Demesns of it have been Alienated that h● Revenues are chiefly out of the Tin-Mines i● Cornwall Which with all other Profits of the Dutchy amount yearly to the Sum of 140● Pounds and the Prince's whole Revenues to about 20000 l. When King Edward I had compleated the Conquest of Wales He divided it into Seven Shires to which Henry VIII added five more out of the March Lands Over each of the Seven Shires King Edward placed a particular English Lieutenant and over the whole he designed a Vicegerent The Welch being disgusted at this He sent for his Queen then great with Child to Caernarvan where she was delivered of a Son Upon the News whereof the King assembled the Chief Men of that Nation and offered to name them a Governour born in Wales who could not speak one word of English and against whose Life they could take no just exception Such a one when they had all sworn to obey he named his young Son Edward Whereupon He created him Prince of Wales and since that time the Kings of England eldest Sons have been called Princes of Wales Whereas while Normandy was in the Power of the English which lasted till the Reign of King John they were stiled Dukes of Normandy The Investiture is performed by the Imposition of a Cap of Estate and a Coronet on the Princes Head as a Token of his Principality by delivering into his hand a Verge of Gold the Emblem of Government by putting a Gold Ring on his Finger in token that he must be a Husband to his Country and a Father to her Children and by giving him a Patent to hold the said Principality to Him and his Heirs Kings of England By which Words the Separation of it from the Crown is prohibited and the King keeps to himself an excellent Occasion of obliging unto Him his Son when he pleases In Imitation of which Custom John I King of Castille and Leon made his Son Henry Prince of the Asturias a Country so Craggy and Mountainous that it may not improperly be called the Wales of Spain And all the Spanish Princes ever since have been honoured with that Title The Mantle worn in Parliament by the Prince of Wales has for Distinctions sake one gard more than a Duke's his Coronet of Crosses and Flower de luces and his Cap of State indented His Arms differ from the Kings only by addition of a Label of three points And his peculiar Device is a Coronet beautified with three Ostrich Feathers inscribed with ICH DIEN that is I serve Alluding perhaps to that in the Gospel The Heir while he is a Child differs not from a Servant Which Device was born at the Battel of Cressy by John King of Bohemia serving there under the French King and there slain by Edward the Black Prince Since worn by the Princes of Wales and by the Vulgar called the Princes Arms. In short the King of England's Eldest Son has ever since been stiled Prince of Wales Duke of Aquitain and Cornwal and Earl of Chester and Flint these Earldoms being conferred upon him by Letters Patent As Eldest Son to the King of Scotland he is Duke of Rothsay and Seneschal of Scotland from his Birth Though he is a Subject yet the Law looks upon his Person as so Sacred that it is high Treason to imagine his Death or violate his Wife The Younger Sons of England depend altogether upon the King's Favour both for Titles of Honour and Revenues sutable to their Birch For they are not born Dukes or Earls but are so created according to the Kings Pleasure Neither have they as in France certain Appanages but only what Revenue the King pleases to bestow upon them They are indeed by Birth-right as well as the Prince of Wales Counsellors of State whereby they may fit themselves to manage the weighty Affairs of the Kingdom The Daughters are called Princesses And to violate them unmarried is High Treason The Title of Royal Highness is common to all the King's Children All Subjects ought to be uncovered in their Presence to kneel when they are admitted to kiss their hands and to be served on the Knee at Table unless the King be present Lastly all Persons of the Royal Bloud being a Lawful Issue have the Precedency of all others in England As for the King 's Natural or Illegitimate Sons and Daughters they are commonly created Dukes and Dutchesses and bear what Surname the King pleases to give them King Henry I. and Charles II. of blessed Memory are noted to have had the most of any CHAP. XII Of the Nine Great Officers of the Crown NEXT to the Royal Family the Great Officers of the Crown come of course to be Inquired into which are Nine in Number Viz. The Lord High Steward The Lord High Chancellor The Lord High Treasurer The Lord President of the Kings Council The Lord Privy Seal The Lord Great Chamberlain The Lord High Constable The Lord Earl Marshal The Lord High Admiral The Lord High Steward of England is the highest Officer under the King His Office not unlike that of the Mayre of the Pallace under the ancient Kings of France is to rule and govern the Kingdom under the King in Time of Peace and War during his Reign Which Power being thought too large and exorbitant for a Subject to have this Great Officer has been discontinned ever since Henry of Bullingbrock Son to John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster afterwards King of England under the Name of Henry IV. Only at a Coronation also for the Trial of a Peer or Peeress for Treason or Felony or some other great Crime the King makes a High Steward for that Time Who during his Stewardship is called His Grace and bears a white Staff in his hand which he openly breaks when the Business is over and so ends his Office By virtue of his Office at a Coronation he sits Judicially at the King's Pallace at Westminster Where he receives the Bills and Petitions of all such Noblemen and others who by reason of their Tenure or otherwise
Congregation and utter what comes next They use no Sacraments and consequently they are but half Christians Their Principle is for Equality amongst Men which of it self tends to Anarchy Therefore they shew respect to no Man tho they love it well enough from Men of other Principles They Thou all Men Kings and Coblers alike without any distinction and pull off their Hats to none They affect a singular Plainness in their Speech in their Garb and in their Dealings They are for plain Yea and Nay and not a word of an Oath tho imposed by the Magistrate A Ribbon a Loop or a Lace is a mortal Sin with them and this Plainness I should not much condemn if Pride did not lurk under it In their Dealings they have indeed got a good Name and ● hope it is not groundless though some unlucky men have endeavoured to check it by representing them as a crafty and subtle Generation These are the principal Sects that are now 〈◊〉 this Kingdom Besides the Roman Catholicks properly called Recusants whose Number and interest is much decayed since the Fall of King ●ames As for Ranters Adamites Familists Antino●ians Sweet-Singers Muggletonians and I know not what else as they suddenly sprung up like ●●shrooms so they are in a manner dwindled ●nto nothing And indeed their Opinions were ●oo blasphemous and senseless to hold out long ●ongst Men of any Sense In Conclusion 't is observable how the Difference of Sentiments in Matters of Religion ●●ters the very Temper of Men of the same ●lation so that one would think they don't ●reath the same Air nor live in the same Cli●ate The Church of England Men as sober ●●d reserved as they are comparatively to a ●eighbouring Nation yet they are far more ●ee sociable and open-hearted than the ge●erality of the Dissenters Who looking upon ●emselves as the sober Part of the Nation 〈◊〉 on a Countenance accordingly I won't ●etch it so far as to call it starched stern au●●re and morose but grave it is in the high●● degree If those in●line to Jollity these ●e fo● Melancholy If to Prodigality these ●e for Penuriousness If some of them be ●ilty of Libertinism 't is ten to one but some 〈◊〉 these prove guilty of the opposite Sin which the fouler of the two though the less contagious Lastly if the Churchmen in their way of Dealing buy of all Men without any distinction for Conscience sake these out of Brotherly kindness trade most amongst themselves So true it is that the very outward Profession of Religion works upon the inward Parts either for better or for worse This Observation may be further Illustrated by the late Conduct of the French a Nation which for many Ages has been lookt upon as a● Pattern of Civility and good Manners To see how a false Notion of Religion has turned in that Kingdom Men into very Brutes and Genteelness into Barbarity is almost past my Understanding The Popish Massacre of the French Protestants in the Reign of Charles IX as cruel and bloody as it was was nothing to the late refined Persecution In that Massacre those that suffered were presently dispatched and rid of their Sufferings but in this Persecution a present Death of the Persecuted was a Penance to the Persecutor For the Design of the Persecutors was not to take away the Lives of Protestants but all the Comforts of their Lives by Want and barbarous Usage spoiling an● plundering dark Prisons and loathsom Du●geons by parting the Husband and Wife an● robbing Parents of their dearest Children An● all this to humour a fancy of a proud Monarch who never knew much of any Religion an● yet would have all his Subjects to be of hi● by fair or foul means right or wrong Whe● he thought he had pretty well robbed h●● Neighbouring Princes this Giant-lik● Monarch made War with God himself and we● about to undermine his Kingdom over Me● Consciences I have but one Reflection more upon our se●eral Ways of Worship Which is that the Dissenters serve God Slovenly the Church of England Decently and the Papists Gaudily Est in Medio Virtus CHAP. VI. Of the English Government in general ENGLAND if we except the late distracted Times before the Restauration of Charles II has been always governed by Sovereign Princes Before the Romans came in the Britains being divided into several Nations each of them was governed by its own Kings and particular Princes When Britain became a Member of the Roman Empire then the Britains were under the Roman Emperours Yet so that many of their Tribes had their own Kings who were suffered ●o govern by their own Law but then they ●ere Tributary Such Kings were Codigunus ●●d Prasitagus mentioned by Tacitus Lucius ●he first Christian King and Coilus the Father 〈◊〉 Helena Mother of Constantine the Great ●nd 't is observable that the Policy of the Ro●ans in suffering Kings in the Conquered Coun●ies was to make them as Tacitus says Ser●tutis Instrumenta that is instrumental to the ●oples Bondage After the Romans had quitted the Stage of Britain upon the Irruption of the Huns into Italy in the Empire of Honorius which hapned in the Fifth Century the Kingly Government returned to the Britains Who chose for their King Constantine Brother of Aldroinus King of Britany in France a Prince of the British Blood To whom succeeded Constantius his Son then Vortiger who usurped the Crown and to defend his Title against his Enemies first called in the Saxons These having got sure footing in this Kingdom never left the Britains quiet till they were possessed of the Whole And though they were overthrown in many Battels by King Vortimer the Son and immediate Successor of Vortiger and afterwards by King Arthur One of the Worlds Nine Worthies yet the Britains were soon after his Death so broken and weakened that they were forced at last to yield and to exchange this Part of Britain for the Mountains of Wales Thus the Britains left the Stage and the Saxons entred but still with a Regal Power By these the Country was divided into Seven Kingdoms the several Names and Extent whereo● you have in my First Part. But for the further satisfaction of the Reader I shall he●● subjoyn the Names of the first Kings with th● Dates of their Accession to their respectiv● Kingdoms The first King of Kent Hengist 455. The first King of South-Saxons Ella 488. The first King of West-Saxons Cerdic 522. The first King of East-Saxons Erchenwin 527. The first King of East-Angles Offa 575. The first King of Northumberland Ida 549. The first King of Mercia Criodda 582. This Heptarchy continued thus for several Ages separate and distinct till the prevailing Fortune of the West-Saxons united them all into one by the Name of England Which hapned Anno 819 in the Reign of King Egbert the last King of the West-Saxons and the first of England Who having vanquished all the rest of the Saxon Kings and added most of their