to plead for the Empire before the Pope and returns re infecta p. 216 The Fourteenth BOOK Chap. I. THE King of Morocco passes over into spain The War with the Moors The Christians twice defeated Death of Prince Ferdinand the Heir of Castile Troubles in Navarre betwixt the Natives and the French p. 217 Chap. II. Three Popes die in one Year Prince Sancho of Castile contrives to Vsurp that Crown from his Nephews The Death of Jayme King of Aragon and of Alonso of Portugal Peter succeeds the first and Denis the latter p. 218 Chap. III. The Practices of Prince Sancho He Rebels against his Father The King of Morocco comes to aid King Alonso returns home leaving 1000 Horse to serve under him King Alonso disinherits and curses his Son Prince Sancho p. 221 Chap. IV. The Conspiracy of John Prochita in Sicily against the French and slaughter of them call'd the Sicilian Vespers Kings of France and Aragon at War about Sicily Castile and Aragon under an Interdict at the same time p. 222 Chap. V. The Death of Alonso King of Castile The beginning of the Reign of King Sancho IV. The defeat of the French Fleet on the Coast of Italy Albarazin taken by the King of Aragon p. 224 Chap. VI. The French Invade Catalonia take Girona and retire back to France with loss The King of Morocco Besieges Xeres and is repuls'd The Death of the four Kings of France Aragon Naples and Morocco p. 226 Chap. VII The Kings of Castile and Portugal meet D. Lope de Haro flies to Navarre A Treaty in order to release the two Princes of Castile Charles Prince of Salerno set at liberty France and Castile joyn against Aragon Denis King of Portugal 's Issue p. 228 Chap. VIII Troubles in Castile The rightful Heirs to that Crown before Prisoners in Aragon set at liberty Wars on that account betwixt the two Crowns Badajoz Mutinies and is reduc'd An Interview betwixt the Kings of France and Castile p. 230 Chap. IX The Revolt of D. John NunÌez de Lara The Death of the King of Aragon His Brother Jayme Succeeds him Matches betwixt the three Kings of Spain Defeat of the Moors at Sea Original of the Dukes of Medina Sidonia p 232 Chap. X. Alcala de Henares made an Vniversity Tarifa Besieg'd by the Moors A brave Action of the Governour Sancho King of Castile dies Ferdinand IV. succeeds Peace betwixt France and Aragon p. 234 The Fifteenth BOOK Chap. I. NEW Troubles and Wars in Castile where Prince Henry takes the Government from the Queen Prince John Proclaimed King of Leon and Galicia Castile invaded by the Moors Portugueses and Aragonians p. 236 Chap. II. Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal setled by means of the double Alliances betwixt those Princes The Progress of the Wars in Sicily The Jubilee first Instituted Bilbao built and Prince John reconcil'd to the King p. 238 Chap. III. Of Raymundus Lullus and the Master of Calatrava The Marriage of King Ferdinand Peace concluded betwixt the Kings of Sicily and Naples A Synod of Bishops Troubles in Castile Pope Boniface dies Benedict XI succeeds him p. 240 Chap. IV. The Differences betwixt the Kings of Castile and Aragon reconcil'd After which they joyn in league against the Moors but to no considerable effect Death of Roger Lauria the great Admiral of Aragon and Divisions among the Moors p. 241 Chap. V. The King of Granada depos'd The King of Castile 's Sister Marry'd to the Duke of Britany The Extirpation of the Knights Templers The Death of Ferdinand IV. King of Castile p. 244 Chap. VI. The beginning of the Reign of Alonso XI King of Castile The many Confusions in that Kingdom by reason of his Infancy The Moors of Granada expell their King The Turks their Original and Growth p. 246 Chap. VII The Actions of the Catalonians in Greece The War in Andaluzia Death of Luis Hutin King of France Philip the Long succeeds him John XX. chosen Pope Defeat of the Moors by Prince Peter of Castile p. 248 Chap. VIII Institution of two new Orders of Knighthood in Aragon and Portugal Peter and John Princes of Castile kill'd by the Moors The Government of that Kingdom in Confusion A great Overthrow given the Navarrois by the Biscainers p. 249 Chap. IX King Alonso XI of Castile takes upon him the Government The Conquest of Sardinia by the Aragonians The Death of King Denis of Portugal His Son Alonso succeeds him Jayme II. King of Aragon is succeeded by his Son Alonso IV. p. 251 Chap. X. The Wars betwixt the Christians and Infidels Rebellions in Castile Aragon Castile and Portugal joyn in League The King and Queen of Navarre come into that Country and return again to France p. 253 The Sixteenth BOOK Chap. I. THE King of Granada goes into Africk Abomelique passes over into Spain The War with the Moors A Truce concluded Alonso de la Cerda rightful King of Castile submits to King Alonso the Possessor p. 256 Chap. II. The Moors of Granada murder Mahomet their King Wars among all the Christian Kings of Spain Alonso King of Aragon dies Fresh Rebellions in Castile The Portuguese Fleet beaten by the Castilians p. 257 Chap. III. The Death of Frederick King of Sicily A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal The Death of Abomelique and defeat of his Army Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon A Synod at Barcelona p. 259 Chap. IV. A new Invasion of Spain by Albohacen King of Morocco with 470000 Moors he Besieges Tarifa is there routed with the loss of 200000 Men by the Kings of Castile and Portugal Three defeats of the Infidels at Sea p. 261 Chap. V. The Siege and Surrender of Algezira The Infidels attempt to murder King Alonso of Castile The Earls of Derby and Salisbury come to his assistance out of England and the Earl of Faux out of France Robert King of Naples dies p. 263 Chap. VI. The King of Aragon Conquers Majorca and all its Dominions Great Troubles in Aragon The Rebels suppress'd An Vniversal Plague The Knights of Calatrava at variance at length reconcil'd p. 265 Chap. VII The Siege of Gibraltar the King dies and the Siege is rais'd King Peter succeeds him The Lady Ellenor de Guzman kill'd Some Nobles Rebel and are subdu'd Biscay annexed to the Crown of Castile Interviews of Kings p. 267 Chap. VIII Embassadors sent by King Peter into France to obtain for his Wife Blanch Daughter to the Duke of Bourbon who is brought into Spain and Marry'd to the King but he being before in Love with the Lady Mary de Padilla slights and forsakes his Queen p. 269 Chap. IX King Peter of Castile removes his Officers punishes some Rebels and reduces several Towns The War of Sardinia where Diseases rageing in the Aragonian Army that King claps up a dishonourable Peace and returns to Aragon p. 270 Chap. X. The Nobility of Castile particularly the King's Bastard Brothers in Rebellion they treat with the King without success the
to return into France by Land about Autumn dismiss'd many hir'd Ships they had iâ the ãâã Roses to ãâ¦ã Charges Mean while Roger Lauria Admiral of Aragon having takeâ the ãâã in the ãâã Part of Italy came with great speed to relieve the King of Aragon being come upon the Coast of Spain he fell upon the French Fleet then out of Port consisting of few Ships and those unprovided and so easily overthrew them John Scoâus the French âdmiral was ãâ¦ã with 15 Galleys 12 others fled to the Port of Roses whence they had ãâã Their ãâ¦ã burnt not only them but the very Town such was their Consteânation and fled to the Camp whither they carry'd the News of their Defeat The King of France finding all things more Difficult than he had expected and much griev'd with Sickness repair'd ãâ¦ã and leaving a strong Garrison in it march'd with the remainder of his Army towards Roussillon On the Pyrenâan Mountains the whole Army was in great Danger the Aragonians having secur'd all the Passes in hopes to take the King of France who by reason of his Indisposition was carry'd upon Men's Shoulders Great loss was sustain'd much Baggage lost and what was worst of all the King fatigu'd with the Journey dâ'd at Peâpignan on the 6th of ãâã His Body as he had order'd was carry'd to the Church of ââ Denis near Pariâs His Son Philip the Fair or the Beautiful succeeded him being before that King of Navarre Upon the Departure of the French all the âhad taken was recover'd by the ãâã Besides Prince Alonso sânt over by his Father to that effect took all the Island of Majorca in ãâ¦ã that the King of it had joyn'd with the French ãâ¦ã his own Brother The King of ãâã design'd to pursue his good Fortune and had new Designâ ãâ¦ã to strengthen himself when Death put a Period to all his Resolutions He dy'd at ãâã ãâã 8th Day of November in the Prime of his Age being but ãâ¦ã Six Years old ãâ¦ã the height of his Glory He was call'd the Great for that ãâ¦ã Sicily to his Dominions and for his other memorable Exploits He was an ãâ¦ã being of ââ only Presence Presence of large Stature a generous Spirit well skill'd at all Weapons especially in wielding a Pole-Ax He had a particular Way of ââining Peoples Affections with Good Words Courtesey and Liberality He leât no other Reflection on himself but his lying under an Excommunication till the end of his Life the Thoughts whereof often perplexed him and particularly at the Hour of his Death He was resolv'd of that Scruple in the last Agâny by the Arch-Bishop of Tarragona having exacted to Oath from him that he would for the future be obedient to the Church His Body was Buried in the Monastery of Santa Cruz which is near that Place His Children went D. Alonso the Eldest whom in his Will he appointed Heir of his Kingdoms without making particular mention of Sicily then Jayme ãâã Peter Elizabeth and the ãâã Constance all Born of Queen Constance his Wife Arnaldus de Vallanova a most famous ãâã of those times was with the King when he dy'd This Man and all his Works were afterwards condemn'd by the Inquisitions Tostatus affirms he attempted with Humour ãâã and other ãâã to form a Man and that tho' it took not effect he went a great way towards it ãâ¦ã is not our Business to argue the Truth of this Assertion CHAP. VII The King of Castile and Portugal meet D. Lope de Haro flies to Navarre A Treaty in order to release the two Princes of Castile Charles Prince of Salerno set at Liberty France and Castile joyn against Aragon Denis King of Portugal his Issue THis Year unfortunate in the Death of so many Princes was in some measure bless'd with the Birth of Prince Ferdinand Son to the King of Castile and born at Sevil while his Father was gone to Badajoz to appease some Troubles that were in those Parts The Care of his Education was committed to Hernan âonce ââ Leon a Man of great Note and Zamora was appointed for his Residence as being a Place ãâ¦ã and Pleasant Moreover the following Year which was 1286 in the Cortes or Parliament he was sworn Heir to the Crownâ which was his Father's chiefest Caâe both in respect he fear'd his Nephews as also because his Marriage with the Queen was illegal upon account of Consanguinity He endeavour'd to obtain a Dispensation but could never Prevail with the Popes the King of France always opposing it in favour of the two excluded Princes his near Kinsmen King Sancho labour'd by all means to gain his Good Will and to that purpose sent the same Embassadors who went to him the Year ãâã and were the Bishop of Calaherra and Abbot of Valludoliâ Philip the ãâã King of France was Crown'd at Rheimes on the 6th of January In Sicily Prince Jayme as soon as he neard of the Death of his Father took upon him the Title of King of Sicily and Prince of Apulia and ãâã as being possess'd of a good Part of the Kingdom of Napâââ and hoping in a short time to be Master of all that remain'd Yet all places were well fortify'd and provided to oppose the Siciliaââ though the Valour and Industry ââ Robert Earl of Arras to whom the King of France after the Death of King Charles had committed the Care of the Kingdom of Naples ãâã the III. King of Aragon being sometime taken up in fitting out a Fleet to invade Majorca and Minorca as was left him in Charge by his Father delay'd his Coronation ââ the 14th of ãâã being Easter Sunday He was crown'd at Zaragaca by the Bishop of ãâã the See of Tarragona whose that Honour was being then vacant and took the usual Oath to preserve the Liberties of the People The Expences of the Royal Family were retrench'd and at the Cortes or Parliament held at Huesca the King granted that Valencia sometime before annex'd to the Crown of Aragon should be govern'd according to the Lawâ ãâ¦ã that Kingdom Gonçalo Archbishop of Toledo a Person of great Esteem with the King here him company to S. Sebastian in order to a Conference between him and the King of France but they met not However the Arch-Bishop was sent by King Sancho and the Duke of Burgundy by him of France to Bayonne where a Treaty of Peace was earnestly labour'd upon The French would give Ear to no Proposals unless King Sancho would put away his Wife to whom he was illegally Married by reason of their Consanguinity and Marry one of the King of France his Sisters which were ãâ¦ã after Wife to Edward King of England and Blanch Marry'd to the Duke of Austria King Sancho would hot be perswaded to putaway a Virtuous Wife by whom he had a Son and â Daughter so the Treaty broke off and he return'd to the Queen to Vitoria The King was highly affended at the
month dy'd D. Gonçalo Archbishop of Toledo D. Vasco or Blas then Bishop of Palância succeeded him From Aguilar the King went to Cordova at such time as Dâ Maria de Padilla was brought to Bed of â Daughter call'd Beatrix Thence he return'd into the Kingdom of Toledo At Torrijos five Leagues from Toledo in a Turnament made for Joy of his Success and Birth of his Daughter the King receiv'd a Wound in his Hand which had like to have cost him his Life foâ that the Surgeons could find no means to stop the Blood To this Town came D. Alonso ââ Albuquerque who had been on an Embassy in Portugââ and brought with him D. John de la ãâã whom the King receiv'd into Favour with demonstrations of Affection but could never ââ prevail'd upon to restore him his Father in Laws Lands for he now began to be positive About this time the Lady Blanch of Borbon came to Valladolid accompany'd by the Viscount of Narbonnâ and D. Frederick the Master of Santiago who went out to meet her D. Alonso de Albuquerque was for having the Marriage solemniz'd immediately He then was so absolute that at times he spoke disrespectful Words to the King and hastned his Marriage lest Da. Maria de Padilla's Relations should work him out of Favour and so it fell out Yet the Marriagew as solemniz'd on the 3d. of June At the same time in France another more fortunate Marriage was consummated betwixt Charles King of Navarre and the Lady Joanna eldest Daughter to the King of France A Match I say more happy for the ãâã they always had to one another and their Issue They had three Sons ââarles ãâã and Peter the second dyed young and three Daughters Mary Blaâch and Joâânâ ãâã liv'd ãâ¦ã Years the other two were Match'd to great Princes Before he was Marry'd King Charlâs had a Bastard-Son called Leo of whom are descended the Marqueses of Cortes in Navarre The Marqueses of Falces in that Kingdom say they are descended from Peter the Kings lawful Son Scarce was King Peter married when he began to slight the Bride being wholly devoted to Da. Maria de Padilla Two Days after he prepar'd to go to the Castle of Montalvan on the Banks of Tagus where he had left his Minion The Queen his Mother and his Aunt Queen Ellenor conjur'd him not to forsake his Queen and give himself up to his Lust but he nothing mov'd said He did not design any such thing yet immediately took Horse and rode away without speaking to any body Count Henry D. Tello and the Princes of Aragon went with him for now the Nobility study'd to please and flatter him Only D. Giles de Albornos the Cardinal who had been Arch-Bishop of Toledo ceas'd not to reprove him till he became hateful to him Then with leave he retir'd to Cuença and thence went into France to Pope Innocent who had succeeded Pope Clement the last Year The King and Lady Mary Padilla from Montalvan went to Toledo At Valladolid it was consulted how to bring him back by force which he understanding was so offended at D. Alonso de Albuquerque the first mover of that Design that he was forc'd to appease him to deliver up his Son Giles as an Hostage At length through much intreaty of the Nobility he was perswaded to return to Valladolid to see the Queen but stay'd with her only two Days It was given out he was bewithc'd by a Jew with a Ribben so charm'd that it appear'd to the King like a Snake Some believ'd the King did not so suddenly quit his ââeen without cause but because he discover'd Treachery in his Brother Frederick which I suppose is ment in regard to her Honour But all these are Surmises for there needs no stronger Witchcraft nor other Offence to draw a Man away than Love From Valladolid the King went away to Olmedo a Town in that Neighbourhood Thither by his Order came the Lady Mary de Padilla from Toledo and he never more had Compassion or so much as thought of the Queen his unfortunate Wife CHAP. IX King Peter of Castile removes his Officers punishes some Rebels and reduces several Towns The War of Sardinia where Diseases raging in the Aragonian Army that King clapâ up a dishonourable Peace and returns to Aragon D. Alonso de Albuquerque being in disgrace spent some time upon his own Estate and then fearing the King would pursue him fled to Portugal D. Frederick Master of Santiâgo had been discontented ever since the King caus'd his Mother to be put to death but being now reconcil'd came to Cuellar where the Court resided D. Tello his Brother at Segovia Marry'd Joanna Daughter to D. John de Lara and had with her the Lordship of Biscay The Kindred of Da. Maria de Padilla promoted this Match to oblige the King's Brothers who were Enemies to D. Alonso de Albuquerque Queen Blanch resided at Medina del Campo with the Queen her Mother-in-Law living like a Widow and spending her time in modest Recreations Thence she was by the King's Order remov'd to Arevalo and forbid conversing with her Mother-in-Law or any of the Nobility Peter Gudiel Bishop of Segovia and Tello Palomeque a Gentleman of Toledo were appointed to guard her The King chang'd the Officers of his Houshold and made James Garââa ââ Padilla Brother to his Mistress Lord Chamberlain Alvaro ââ Albornâz Cup-bearer and Peter Gonzalez Mendoça Taster These changes were made in hatred to D. Alonso de Albuquerque who had before many of his Creatures at Court. In Autumn the King went to Andaluzia and displac'd many great Men preferr'd by Alonso de Albuquerque The King was wholly govern'd by Dâ Maria de Padilla and her Kindred and ãâ¦ã Nobility even his Brothers made their Court to her This Winter the great Rains caus'd mighty Floods especially at Sevil where they made up all the Gates of the City lest it should break in At the beginning of the year 1354. D. John NunÌez de Prado Master of Calâârââa who had fled to Aragon came to Almagro the chief Town of that Order being invited by the King 's kind Letters There D. John de la Cerda who was in Favour made him Prisoââ His greatest Crime was being a Friend to D. Alonso de Albuquerque and having perswaded the King to return to the Queen D. James de Padilla was immediately chosen Master and John Nunez put to Death at Maqueda The King seem'd sorây for hiâââath but no body being question'd it was concluded to be done by his Comâââd Nââââhe King invaded the Inheritance of D. Alonso de Albuquerque in which were manââârong ââaces Medeââân was besieg'd and the Governour not able to defend it surrender'd having first obtain'd his Master's Consent The Town of Albuquerque tho' besieg'd held out and D. Frederick and Count Henry were left at Badajoz to Blockade it The King went to Câcerâs and thence sent Embassadors to Alonso King of
equipp'd to the Assistance of the King of Tremecen his Ally They met 5 Galleys of Castile which took and carry'd them to Sevil there many of them with their Commander Mathew Merzero were put to Death by the King's Order Samuel Levi a Jew was the King's Treasurer and had the diposal of all the Revenue whereby he gather'd great Riches which now prov'd his Ruin He was accus'd of many Frauds and being put to the Wrack dy'd upon it The King seiz'd upon his Estate valu'd at 400000 Ducats others say more besides Moveables and Jewels At the end of this Year Mahomet Lagus was expell'd his Kingdom by his own Subjects Mahomet Aben Alhamar was set up in his Place and from the Colour of his Hair and Beard call'd the Red. They said the Crowa appertain'd to him as being descended of the Antient Kings of Granada Hence ensu'd new Wars for the King of Castile was a Friend to him that was depos'd who fled to Ronda a Town belonging to the King of Morocco The King of Castile resolv'd to stand by his old Friend On the other side the new King to strengthen himself sought the Friendship of the Aragonian which and calling King Abohanen out of Africk cost him his Life At the end of this Year the Lady Constance Daughter to the King of Aragon was sent into Sicily to be marry'd to King Frederick Olfo Prochita Governour of the Island Sardinia commanded the Fleet that carry'd her The Marriage was celebrated on the 11th of April 1361 at Catanea From that time the Affairs of the Island began to be more Successful the Neopolitans being vanquish'd and expell'd the Kingdom Of this Queen was born the Lady Mary who was afterwards Queen of Aragon and had in Dower the Kingdom of Sicily At length by the Industry of the Cardinal Legate Peace was concluded in Castile yet so that none thought it would be lasting The Articles were That all Places taken on both Sides should be restor'd and that the Out-laws of Castile should be expell'd Aragon provided the King pardon'd them On the 18th of May the Peace was Proclaim'd at Deza where the King of Castile was then encamp'd This Peace was forwarded by the fear of the War the King of Granada then made upon Castile For the greater security it was agreed that cautionary Towns on both sides should be put into the Hands of King Charles of Navarre who was then coming out of France into Spain very Joyful for that his Queen had brought him a Son call'd Charles Mean while his Brother Prince Luis Govern'd the Kingdom Peace concluded the King of Aragon went away to Zaragoça and he of Castile to Sevil Count Henry and his Brothers into France hoping to renew the War Many Nobles of Castile were ready to take up Arms upon pretence of protecting Queen Blanch which heightned the King's hatred towards her It was said he caus'd her to be Poison'd in the Prison where he kept her She was doubtless the most unfortunate Queen of Spain There is a report that the King being a Hunting near Medina Sidonia there met him a Shepherd of a terrible Aspect threatning him if he had not Compassion of Queen Blanch and that the King sending presently to see whether it was not some body employ'd by her she was found at Prayers and closely Guarded The Shepherd being releas'd out of Prison was never after seen Doubtless were this a Vision he had never been put into Prison The Lady Elizabeth de Lara Daughter to D. John de Lara was also Poison'd in Prison at Xerez An Historian who stiles himself head Caterer to Queen Ellenor of Castile in certain Commentaries he writ upon what happen'd in his Time says Queen Blanch dy'd at VrenÌa near the City Toro in old Castile This uncertainty as to the Place of her Death makes it appear the manner of it is not so certain tho the Malice of Authors who all humour'd the Success of Henry the Bastard caus'd all Crimes to be laid to his Predecessor Peter because he was Unfortunate The publick Grief for so many Calamities was somewhat asswag'd by the Death of Da. Maria de Padilla who ended her Days at Sevil in July A Woman laying aside her Incontinency in all other Respects worthy to be a Queen Her Funeral-Rites were perform'd throughout the Kingdom with the same Magnificence as if she had been Queen She was bury'd in the Monastery of S. Mary de Estudilla which she built in old Castile The Body of Queen Blanch was deposited in the Cathedral of Tudela by some French Gentlemen who came to the Assistance of Count Henry in order to carry it into France In the Monastery of Dominican Nuns at Toledo there are 3 Tombs one of the Lady Teresa by whom King Peter had a Daughter called Mary who was many Years Prioress in that Monastery and lies in the 2d Tomb. In the 3d are D. Sancho and D. James Sons of King Peter by the Lady Elizabeth At this time the King of Portugal solemnly declar'd in Lisbon that the Children he had by the Lady Agnez de Castro were born in lawful Wedlock and as such capable of inheriting the Crown and as Witnesses of his Marriage he produc'd Giles Bishop of Guardia and Stephen Lovata his Master of the Robes The King and Witnesses made Oath of the Truth of their Assertion in the Presence of all the Nobility and of John Alonso Tello the year before created Earl of Barcelos and was the first that obtain'd that Honour in Portugal Mean while the War of Granada was carry'd on with great Heat The Forces of Castile ravag'd the Territories of the Moors and laid Siege to Antequera formerly call'd Syngilia a strong and well Garrison'd Town whence they were Repuls'd Having wasted the Plain of Granada they return'd Home without performing any memorable Action Soon after 600 Moorish Horse and 2000 Foot broke into the Lieutenancy of Caçorla and took a great Booty of Cattle The Gentry of Jaen and the Neighbouring Places assembling recovered the Prey killing many of the Enemy and putting the rest to Flight A more dangerous War was expected from France which the Cardinal Legate endeavour'd to prevent and to that effect spent the Summer at Pamplona He labour'd to perswade King Peter to pardon the Out-laws of Castile and reverse their Attainder of Treason The King would not hear of it therefore the Cardinal at the Solicitation of the King of Aragon took upon him to declare their Attainder Void This provok'd the King of Castile who resolv'd to take Revenge as soon as he had put an end to the War with the Moors On the 18th of February 1362 the Moors obtain'd a notable Victory over the Christians near Guadix D. James Garcia de Padillu Master of Calatrava and Henry Enriquez Lieutenant of the Frontiers of Jaen with other Gentlemen entred the Moorish Territories with 1000 Horse and 2000 Foot designing to
Son to the Earl of Faux His Wife and Daughter-in-Law the Princess Ellenor came to him but of Aragon and with them D. Lope Fernandez de Luna Arch-Bishop of Zaragoca and several other Men of Note It was requisite to settle the Kingdom and raise Mony for it was not doubted but a Storm threaten'd from France Therefore the Cortes were assembled at Burgos and there John the Son of the new King Henry was sworn Heir to the Crown after his Fathers Decease The Tenth of all things sold was here given him without any limitation of time Their hatred to King Peter binded them so as not to reflect how heavy a Burden they lay'd upon the Country King Henry gave to the City Burgos for their Service at his Coronation the Town of Miranda de Ebro D. Dominick was at this time Bishop of Burgos who Election was remarkable His Predecessor Ferdinand dying the Chapter could not agree who should succeed It was therefore resolv'd to stand the Decision of this Dominick being then one of the Canons He without regarding the Competitors said Since there must be a Bishop let Dominick himself be Bishop All the Chapter rejoye'd at his Choice and he was accordingly consecrated About this time D. Lope de Luna the Archbishop came again into Castile being sent Embassador by the King Aragon to demand Performance of Covenants and a great Summ of Mony he had lent Count Henry The new King acknowledg'd the Debt and all that was demanded to be due but said the Kingdom being not yet setled he could not alinate so great a part of it without exposing himself to extraordinary Danger yet assoon as he were well fixed he would perform all Articles and in the mean while look'd upon the King of Aragon as his Father and Preserver This he said to amuse that King be-being resolv'd to part with nothing Thus Princes devote themselves to their Interest without regarding Promises or Oaths CHAP. VI. The War betwixt France Navarre and Aragon King Peter of Castile supported by the English in France Is brought into Spain by the Prince of Wales with an Army Overthrows Henry the Vsurper and recovers his Kingdom THE War commenc'd three Years befor this betwixt France and Navarre still continu'd with disadvantage to the latter who lost several Towns At Toulouze a League was concluded betwixt the Kings of France and Aragon wherein it was agree'd that the Aragonian should make War upon Navarre to which effect the King of France was to assist him with 500 Lances maintain'd at his own cost This being known to the King of Navarre he stay'd in Spain to make head against the Aragonian by whose command Luis Coronel was already wasting the Frontiers of that Kingdom He sent the Queen his Wife tho with Child into France to try if she could bring that King her Brother to Composition Her Journey proved in vain for the King of France was resolv'd to seize all that the Navarrois possess'd in France At Evreux in Normandy the Queen was brought to Bed of her Second Son call'd Peter who was Earl of Mortaine With him in the heat of Summer she return'd to Navarre not liking her Entertainment in France It was requisite for the King of Navarre to seek some new Allyes he thought it convenient to joyn with King Peter then in Banishment who made him great Offers as Men commonly do in distress King Peter of Castile was then busy soliciting for Succours to recover his Kingdom and particularly apply'd himself to Edward Prince of Wales who then govern'd Guienne for his Father They met at Cabreron a Town not far from Bayonne King Charles of Navarre was with them The Prince invited them to Dinner King Peter was seated on the Right Hand and the Prince next to him on the left sat King Charles by himself There they swore to the Articles of Allyance made betwixt them which were That King Peter should be restored to his Kingdom That the Prince for his Service therein should have Biscay the King of Navarre LogronÌo and That King Peter should leave his Daughters in Guienne as Hostages for performance of Articles and payment of Mony lent him to defray the Army The King of Aragon renew'd his League with France He of Navarre fearing all the Burden of the War would fall upon him chang'd his Mind and meeting Henry the new-made King of Castile at Campeio concluded a League with him by which it was Articled That the King of Navarre should not give Passage to the English through his Dominions That he should assist Henry against them and deliver up certain Towns for Security of Performance That Henry should give him the Town of LogronÌo promis'd to him not long before by King Peter About this time Luis Brother to the King of Navarre marry'd Joanna Dutchess of Durazzo in Macedonia as eldest Daughter and Heiress to Duke Charles to whom Pope Vrban the VIth some time after gave the Investiture of the Kingdom of Naples Because there is generally a mistake made in the Genealogy of these Princes I thought good to set it down here Charles the IId King of Naples was Father to John Duke of Durazzo John had Charles and Luis Charles was Father to John and Margarite Luis the other Son to John had Charles that came to be King of Naples and Joanna who we said marry'd Luis Brother to the King of Navarre On the 18th of January 1367 some Authors say a Year later King Peter of Portugal dy'd at Estremoz He liv'd 46 Years 9 Months and one Day and reign'd 9 Years 9 Months and 28 Days His Body was bury'd with great Pomp at Alcobaça near to the Lady Agnes de Castro He left a Revenue for Chaplains to pray for his Soul and those of his Predecessors was a rigorous observer of Justice and much lamented by his People He order'd that nothing should be taken up for his Use upon trust but paid for at the full Value with ready Mony made wholsome Laws to curb the Avarice of Judges and Lawyers was most Severe against Malefactors particularly for Adultery insomuch that he is say'd to have struck the Bishop of Porto on that Account and us'd Yearly to distribute a considerable Sum of Mony among his Servants according to the Merits of every Man His Son Ferdinand succeeded him who concluded a Peace with the King of Aragon's Embassadors This King kept the Lady Ellenor de Meneses whom he took from her Husband Laurence Vasquez de Acuna who therefore fled to Castile and is said always to have worn in his Cap a pair of Silver Horns denoting the King's Lust and his own Shame All France and Spain resounded with Warlike Preparations Henry the new-made King was at Burgos gathering an Army to oppose the Enemy who had passed the Mountains at Ronoesvalles and without meeting any Opposition advanc'd to Pamplona that King being detain'd a Prisoner at Burgid by Oliver de Mani who held
stay to besiege it resolving to advance towards his Enemy who was incamp'd at Santaren The King of Portugal being too weak for his Enemy kept himself within the Walls and King Henry march'd away to Lisbon At his first coming he enter'd and burnt the Suburbs but the City being strong and well defended could not be taken However some Ships were burnt in the River and others taken by the Fleet of Castile a great Number of Prisoners and a rich Booty was carry'd away Mean while the Legate ceas'd not to labour for Peace and at last brought the two Kings together into a Boat upon the River Tagus on the 28th of March and they agreed to these Conditions That the King of Portugal by a certain Day should banish his Kingdom the Gentlemen that fled from Castile who were about 500 in Number That all Places taken during that War should be restor'd on both Sides That Beatrix Sister to the King of Portugal should be marry'd to D. Sancho Brother to King Henry and Earl of Albuquerque and Elizabeth Bastard Daughter to the King of Portugal to Alonso the Bastard of King Henry King Ferdinand gave Hostages for Security of Performance D. Sancho and the Lady Beatrix were presently marry'd at Santaren The Lady Elizabeth being but 8 Years of Age was delivered to King Henry and then the two Kings parted King Henry march'd directly against Navarre but the Pope's Legate reconcil'd those two Kings also The Navarrois restor'd the Towns of Victoria and LogronÌo Charles his Son was contracted to Ellenor Daughter to the King of Castile her Portion 120000 Crowns of Gold The Kings met at Briones a Town on the Frontiers where the Princes were marry'd and the King of Navarre gave his younger Son Peter to him of Castile as a Hostage When the King of Navarre return'd out of France he found that Bernard Bishop of Pamplona and Cruzate Dean of Tudela whom he had joyn'd in Commission with the Queen had not discharg'd their Trust faithfully They understanding the King's Displeasure fled the Bishop got to Avignon but the Dean was kill'd by the way as was suspected by the King's order The Bishop went on to Rome where he dy'd CHAP. X. Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Aragon Several Matches of Princes French and Spaniards besiege Bayonne in vain The Papal Chair restor'd to Rome Death of Frederick King of Sicily FRom Briones the King of Castile return'd to the Kingdom of Toledo he of Navarre to his Court whence he sent the Queen into France to appease that King who was highly offended suspecting the Navarrois had employ'd People to Poison him Then the King of Navarre went in Person to Madrid to perswade King Henry to forsake the French and side with the English Offering if he would pay the Arrears due to the Prince of Wales and his Army from King Peter that the English would quit their Claim to the Crown of Castile and lay down all other Animosities King Henry answer'd he would never depart from the Interest of France where he had found Relief in his Distress but that if the English would make Peace with France he would join in it and pay them as much as should be adjudg'd by impartial Judges Thus nothing was concluded and the Navarrois return'd to Pamplona the Castilian to Andaluzia The Lady Mary Daughter to D. Ferdinand de la Cerda marry'd in France to the Earl of Alençon sent to demand of King Henry the Lordships of Biscay and Lara as of right appertaining to her He reply'd if she would send two of her Sons to reside at his Court they should be put into Possession but having better Estates in France they never came In October Balthasar Spinola a Genoese came into Aragon as Embassador from the English to conclude a League against Castile They offer'd him if the Kingdom were conquer'd the Cities of Murcia Cuenca and Soria with all their Dependencies but the King of Aragon could not be prevail'd upon In February happen'd a great Earthquake in the Earldom of Ribagorça in which many Towns were wholly swallow'd up Luis Duke of Anjou came to Carcassonne to endeavour to settle a Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon fearing lest the English the mortal Enemies of France should become Masters of Castile After much debating it was resolv'd to referr the Dicision of their Differences to Guido Cardinal of Bolonia the Pope's Legate On the 15th of October Pope Gregory the XIth confirm'd the Order of the Fryers of S. Hierome first invented by certain Italian Hermits near the City Toledo Some Years after the Order of the Isidorians was taken from this same In December tho Peace could not be concluded a Truce was agreed upon till the Feast of Pentecost In the Year 1374 John Duke of Lancaster landed with an Army at Calis and being join'd by the Duke of Britany march'd across the Country to Bourdeaux with a Design to conquer Castile He sent Embassadors to the Kings of Aragon and Navarre to ask Supplies but they thought it safest to look on as Neuters King Henry fearing this Storm went to Burgos where he made all possible Preparations to withstand it D. Sancho his Brother endeavouring to appease a Sedition among the Souldiers was wounded in the Face with a Spear and dy'd The Lady Beatrix his Wife left with Child was deliver'd of a Daughter called Ellenor who was marry'd to Prince Ferdinand afterwards King of Aragon King Henry near BanÌares made a review of his Forces and found 1200 Horse and 5000 Foot a small Number but good Men. The English Forces consum'd by their long March when they came to Bourdeaux were not above 6000 strong and therefore had lay'd aside the Design of entring Spain Luis Duke of Anjou thinking this a good Opportunity to expel them France advis'd King Henry to joyn his Forces with him and besiege Bayonne King Henry took his Advice and besieg'd the Place but was forc'd by the Rains and want of Provisions to quit it Beltran de Guevara Lord of OnÌate did good Service in this Expedition for which the King at his return gave him the Valley of Leniz In August the Prince of Majorca enter'd the Country of Russillon with a powerful Army yet did nothing considerable On the other side the Lord of Bearne and Godfrey Recco a Breton made an Incursion into the Territory of Borgia and destroy'd all they came near The King of Aragon sent Francis de Perellas Viscount Roda to conclude a League with the Duke of Lancaster A violent Storm cast him upon the Coast of Granada where he was made Prisoner by that King in revenge for certain Vessels of his taken by the Aragonians and to please the King of Castile A new Embassy was sent by King Henry to Barcelona to establish Peace with the Aragonian On the 3d of November dy'd in Normandy Joanna Queen of Navarre at whose Request her Brother the King of France often pardon'd her Husband
She now dy'd of Grief because he refus'd her Her Body was bury'd among the Kings at S. Denis The King her Husband made himself odious by persecuting the Kindred of those who had been against him Aragon besides the Wars this Year suffer'd by Famine which was somewhat abated by bringing Corn from Africk and did some good by forcing the Enemy to depart the Kingdom Jayme King of Naples who marched into Castile with his Army to look for Provisions dy'd there at the beginning of the Year 1375. His Sister Elizabeth who was with him led the Army back into France there she resign'd all her Claims against the House of Aragon to Luis the King of France his Brother which caus'd new Troubles Now the Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon was concluded on the 12th of April the Conditions were That the Lady Ellenor before promis'd to Prince John should be marry'd to him her Dower 200000 Florins lent by the Araganian to King Henry at the beginning of the Civil Wars That Molina should be restored to Castile and That the Aragonian should pay 12000 Florins towards the Charge of the War This Agreement was celebrated with great Joy in both Kingdoms This Year was Fortunate to all Christendom as well as Spain because Pope Gregory the XIth return'd to Rome after the Popes his Predecessors had resided 70 Years at Avignon Bertran Claquin having for his good Service got the Earldom of Longueville in France â sold his Lands in Spain to King Henry for 260000 Doubles At Soria on the 27th of May Prince Charles of Navarre marry'd Ellenor King Henry's Daughter and on the 19th of June Prince John his Son took to Wife Ellenor Daughter to the King of Aragon News was now brought that D. Ferdinand de Castro who the last Year fled to Portugal was dead in England Also that Ferdinand de Tovar Admiral of Castile had done much harm along the Coasts of that Island From Soria King Henry went to Burgos He design'd to assist the French with all his Power against the English His Son Alonso Earl of Gijon to avoid marrying Elizabeth Daughter to the King of Portugal fled into France but was soon brought back by his Father At the end of this Year dy'd D. Gomez Manrique Arch-bishop of Toledo The Chapter having chosen two to succeed him the Decision of the Controversy was left to the Pope who allow'd of neither of them but gave that Dignity to Peter Tenorio then Bishop of Coimbra About this time dy'd some Men of Note of Navarre Particularly D. Roderick Vrriz a Man of a great Estate and Interest was by the King's Command apprehended and Beheaded in Pamplona at the latter end of March 1376. Some private Correspondence he held with the King of Castile was the cause of his Death It was Reported he intended to betray the Castles of Tudela and Caparroso but it is not likely they should so soon design to disturb the Peace D. Bernard Folcaut Bishop of Pamplona dy'd on the 7th of July in Banishment at Agnani in Italy D. Martin Calva a most learned Man was chosen to succeed him Frederick King of Sicily departed this Life at Messina on the 26th of July His Daughter the Lady Mary was left sole Heiress of that Kingdom and the Dutchies of Athens and Neopatria which produc'd Differences betwixt several Princes aspiring to marry her This also administred to the Aragonians a fair Opportunity of enlarging their Dominions The End of the Seventeenth Book THE History of SPAIN The Eighteenth BOOK CHAP. I. The Wars of Navarre Matches of some of King Henry's Children The Schism in the Church caus'd by the Election of the Two Popes Urban and Clement The death of King Henry of Castile and of Mahomet the Moorish King of Granada SPAIN now enjoy'd a perfect Peace all its Kings being Ally'd by Marriages and grown weary of the long Wars With the Moors there was a Truce The Duke of Lancaster ingag'd in the Wars of France could not apply himself to the Conquest of Castile King Henry having thus put an End to all the Wars apply'd himself to the Civil Government and reformation of many Abuses crept in by the liberty of the Times Only Aragon was under the Apprehensions of a War for Luis Duke of Anjou to whom Jayme Prince of Majorca had made over his Title to that Kingdom began now to set up his Pretensions The King of Aragon assembled the Cortes at Monçon where new Impositions were laid upon the Jews and Moors only for none would be allow'd upon the Christians yet they offer'd to defend the Country at their own Charge Great Preparations were made for that War It is reported that 40 Galleys were fitted out on the Coast of France and 4000 Men at Arms gather'd and it was fear'd in Aragon that peace being concluded with the English as was expected the Pope interposing all the Power of France would fall upon that Kingdom Besides a Matter of small Moment had like to have produc'd another War D. John Ramirez de Arellano returning from Rome through Aragon at Barcelona was challeng'd and call'd Traitor in the King's presence by the Viscount de Rota for that he had entic'd D. Jayme Prince of Majorca to invade Aragon The Challenge was accepted and the time fix'd for fighting 90 Days after King Henry labour'd to prevent the Combat but the King of Aragon favouring the Viscount they could not agree The King of Castile hereupon said They should Fight but he would send 3000 Horse to see Justice done which was as good as declaring War This mov'd the Aragonian to desist A Treaty of Peace was set afoot at Bruges in Flanders first and in the Year 1377 at Bologne in Picardy betwixt the English and French the Embassadors of Castile being present in Order to have their King Comprehended but nothing was concluded The Death of the Prince of Wales and his Father King Edward the IIId broke all their Measures Richard the King's Grandchild and Son to the Black Prince succeeded King Edward The Duke of Burgundy after the Treaty broke up came into Spain to pay a Vow he had made to visit the Body of the Apostle S. James in Galicia In his return Home he was nobly entertain'd by King Henry at Segovia The rest of the Summer the King spent at Leon and the Winter at Sevil. All the Warlike Preparations made in France fell upon the King of Navarre's Dominions Charles Peter and Mary Princes of Navarre were in France With Charles went Baldwin who was Governour of several strong holds in Normandy and Jaques de la Rue his Favourite who had Orders to propose to the English that the King would make War upon France if they would give him the Dutchy of Guienne to be held in Feof of them The French having intelligence of this Design secur'd Rue put him to the rack and he confessing was executed at Paris Baldwin was commanded to deliver up
make Peace and unite their Forces against the Enemies of the Gospel in Asia Death cut him off without doing any thing of what he intended In the Church of the Celestines at Paris there is to this Day an Arch in the Wall of the great Chappel with a curious Marble Tomb and an Inscription signifying LEO King of Armenia lies there The Christian Princes were weary of hearing the Legates of the Two Popes The King of Castile resolv'd to hold the Cortes at Medina del Campo to decide this debate in Castile The Legates of both Popes labour'd hard to be receiv'd believeing all Spain would follow whatever was decreed there Opinions differ'd some were for the one some for the other but the wiser sort were for standing Neuter as if there were no Pope till a general Councel had determin'd that Controversy Mean while the Queen on the 28th of November was deliver'd of a Son who was call'd Ferdinand exceeded all the Princes his contemporaries in greatness of Spirit and good fortune and at length came to be King of Aragon A great Number of Benedictine Monks came to the Cortes complaining that the Noble Men who were their Patrons did them signal Wrongs whereupon it was order'd that the King alone should be their Protector which lasted during his Reign D. Peter de Luna was one of the Cardinals that favour'd Clement who at the beginning of the Year 1381 sent him as his Legate into Spain to draw those Kings to his Party In Aragon he effected nothing but in Castile the Cortes which had been adjourn'd to Salamanca on the 20th of May acknowledg'd Pope Clement who resided at Aivignon The Interest of France sway'd more with them than Equity and Justice Many look'd upon it as a Judgment for this wrongful Decree that Queen Joanna the King's Mother a most Pious Woman and of so great Charity that she was call'd the Mother of the Poor dy'd soon after During her Widowhood she wore the Habit of a Nun and was bury'd with it at Toledo near her Husband Henry CHAP. III. Charles Duke of Durazzo Crown'd King of Naples The War with Portugal Peace concluded The King of Portugal dies Actions of the Aragonians and Catalonians in Greece And of the former in Sardinia CHarles Duke of Durazzo call'd by Pope Vrban came out of Hungary into Italy The Florentines gave him a great Summ of Mony that he might not enter Tuscany in warlike manner At Rome the Pope gave him the Title of Senator of that City and crown'd him King of Naples All things succeeded better than he had expected for all places even the City of Naples receiv'd him joyfully The Queen fortify'd herself in Castel Nuovo Otho her Husband was defeated and taken whereupon she deliver'd her self up to the Victor Soon after she was hang'd in the same place where she had strangl'd her Husband Andreasso Otho was set at Liberty Thus Pope Vrban was successful The Duke of Anjou had enter'd Italy with a powerful Army but he dy'd in Apulia Prince Luis of Navarre and the new King Charles had married two Sisters but that Prince was not with him in this Expedition being ingag'd in a War for recovering of Athens and Neopatria on the account of the antient Title the Kings of Naple had to those Dominions The chief of that Country being descended from Catalonia ceas'd not to invite the King of Aragon to take possession of those Dutchies as at last he did A new Storm broke out betwixt Castile and Portugal which reduc'd the Country to great Streights and put King John in danger of losing his Kingdom The English and Portugueses entred into a League and joyn'd their Forces against Castile The English pretended a right to the Crown of Castile because the Duke of Lancaster had marry'd the eldest Daughter of King Peter and the King of Portugal was not pleas'd to see his Title laid aside Besides he look'd upon John as an Excommunicated Person for adhering to Clement whereas Portugal was for Pope Vrban Alonso Earl of Gijon laid hold of this Opportunity to mutiny King John hasten'd to Oviodo the capital City of Asturias to reduce him and at the same time order'd Levies to be made and a Fleet equip'd against Portugal The Earl easily submitted but whether sincerely will appear hereafter The Rendezyouz of the Army was appointed at Simancas Assoon as all things were in readiness the King repair'd thither march'd directly into Portugal and laid Siege to Almeyda a Town not far from Badajoz The Place being strong and bravely defended the Siege went on slowly At Sea 16 Galleys of Castile met with 23 of Portugal They fought and the Castilians obtain'd a memorable Victory taking 20 of the Enemies Galleys and in them their Admiral D. Alonso Telez Earl of Barcelos This Victory had been more advantagious if well prosecuted but the Admiral of Castile Fernan Sanchez de Tovar satisfy'd with what he had done return'd to Castile which gave the Portugueses time to recover themselves and the English Fleet to come to Lisbon which was the greatest damage Nevertheless King John encourag'd by that Success sent a formal Challenge to the Enemy by a Herauld offering as soon as Almeyda were taken to advance two Days March to meet him The English being hot and resolute were for Fighting but they wanted Horse having brought none in the Fleet and it being difficult to raise them in Portugal Therefore the Herauld contrary to Justice was secur'd Winter drawing on the King of Castile withdrew without doing any thing of Moment but resolving to return with a greater Power at the beginning of the Spring of the following Year 1382. The Earl of Gijon again rebell'd and fled to Bragança but his Friends forsaking him and the Marques de Villena interposing he again submitted and was the second time pardon'd by the King The Marques for his good Service was created Constable an Honour new in Castile tho long us'd in other Countries Fernan Alvarez de Toledo and Peter Ruiz Sarmiento were made Mareschals equal to our Major-Generals Winter being spent the Randezvous was again appointed at Simancas that Country being plentiful to supply the Army As soon as all was in a readyness the King set out for Badajoz being inform'd that the Enemy design'd to invade Castile that way and were already advanc'd as far as Elvas which is but three Leagues from Badajoz The Portugues Forces were 3000 Horse and a great Number of Foot the English 3000 Horse and as many Archers In the Army of Castile were 5000 Horse and a much greater Number of Foot all old Soldiers and eager to fight Yet the King of Castile rather than put all to the hazard of a Battel thought good to make overtures of Peace D. Alonso de Castro was sent to make the Proposals The English were inclinable to harken to Peace being sorry they had undertaken a trouble some War so far from Home notwithstanding
kill'd The Portugueses kept their Ground because it was advantagious and drew their Army into two Bodies NunÌo Alvarez Pereyra created Constable by the new King led the Van the main Body the King himself headed Both Parties advanc'd somewhat but the Portugueses not above a Stones throw to avoid coming out to the Plain Then the new Constable demanded a Conference at it were to make some Overtures of Peace but tho some Men of Note were sent to him they only spent time in fruitless Debates Mean while the Castilian Commanders consulted whether it were better to give Battel or delay it till the next Day The more prudent were against attacking the Enemy in that advantagious Post but the younger sort thought they had got them in a Pound whence none could escape John de Rio the French Embassador being ask'd his Opinion earnestly disswaded giving Battel and the King was inclinable to take his Advice when some young Noblemen without expecting the Signal furiously charg'd the Enemy then the others rather than leave them in the Danger advanc'd First the Darts and Arrows flew then they came to their Swords and the Horse and Foot fought desperately mixt without any Order Every Man stood his Ground resolving to kill or be kill'd The King of Castile by reason of his Indisposition was carry'd about upon Mens Shoulders and thence encourag'd his Men. The first Body of the Enemy began to give way and was ready to fly when their new King advanc'd with his Party loudly calling upon the Souldiers and encouraging them Thus animated they rally'd and the Fortune of the Day was soon chang'd The Castilian Commanders were slain in their King's sight without turning their Backs and great Numbers of Souldiers were Slaughter'd being depriv'd of their Officers The King fearing to fall into the Enemy's Hands mounted on Horseback and fled the rest follow'd his Example 10000 Men were slain and among them many of great Quality as two Cousin Germans of the King the Lieutenant of Castile the Admiral a Marshal de Camp and the French Embassador Night which came on soon after the Fight sav'd âany Some of these joyned the Body commanded by the Master of Alcantara which notwithstanding the Rout held together Others went to meet Charles Son to the King of Navarre who had enter'd Portugal another way but came too late for the Fight The greatest Numour having lost their Arms fled into Castile It was no cheap Victory to the Portuguesess there are those who write they lost 2000 Men. The King of Castile Fear being more prodominant than his Weakness travell'd all Night without stopping till he came to Santarem which was 11 Leagues distant Thence he went down the River Tagus in a Boat and getting aboard his Fleet which lay before Lisbon sail'd away for Sevil. Thither he came cover'd with Mourning which he wore some Years That City receiv'd him with Joy and Tears mixt lamenting that great Loss but glad their King had escap'd the Danger This is the memorable Fight in which the Portugueses Triumph'd over the Power of Castile and was call'd of Aljubarrota because fought near the Village of that Name a Place only Famous for this Overthrow This Day was kept every Year by the Portugueses as a Holy Day and the Preachers from the Pulpits extoll'd the Valour of their Nation reproaching the Cowardize of the Castilians with Language misbecoming that Place the People resorting to hear them as it had been to a Play After the Victory all Portugal submitted to the Conqueror Sant arem Braganca and all other Places surrender'd and thus the New King secur'd to his Posterity the Crown he had wrongfully obtain'd At this time the King of Aragon was very ill at Figueras he was worn with Age and Troubles As soon as recover'd he shew'd himself Dissatisfy'd with his Son Prince John The People laid the Blame upon the Queen saying she had bewitch'd the King Prince John in Discontent withdrew from Court and call'd the Earl of Ampurias who had been outed his Estate with Forces from France to his Assistance For this reason the King depriv'd him of the Vicarship of the Kingdom an Honour peculiar to the eldest Son of those Kings In Aragon as has been said heretofore they have a Magistrate call'd the Justice of Aragon who is a sort of Moderator betwixt the King and the People in the Nature of the Roman Tribunes of the People To him the Prince had recourse to support him against the Wrongs offer'd him by his Father openly and by the Queen under hand That Justice supported him in the Possession of his Employment as having been Arbitrarily depos'd till the Case were brought to Judgment The Debate began this Year and was ended the next ensuing Let us see what happen'd in Castile and Portugal after that memorable Battel CHAP. VI. The Portugueses make an Inroad into Castile and defeat a Body of Castilians The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corunna and takes several Towns The Death of the Kings of Naples Aragon and Navarre THE Portugueses resolving to prosecute their Victory and make the most of their Success sent a solemn Embassy into England to joyn in League with the Duke of Lancaster the old pretender to the Crown of Castile in right of his Wife Whilst that Business was in agitation to avoid lying idle and hinder the Enemy from recovering themselves the new King of Portugal travers'd all the Country recovering entirely all that was possess'd by the Castilians His Constable NunÌo Pereyra made an Incursion into Andaluzia pillaging and wasting all that Province Peter NunÌez Master of Santiago Gonzalo NunÌez de Guzman now Master of Calatrava and the Earl of Niebla with what Forces had escap'd the late Rout went out to meet the Portugueses who were less in Number and inclos'd them as it were in a Net near a Town call'd Valverde They seeng their Danger offer'd to capitulate but Fortune still favour'd them for at the first Onset the Master of Santiago's Horse and then he himself was kill'd His Men taking this for an ill Omen drew off and the Portugueses return'd Home with a rich Booty NunÌo Pereyra the Constable for his good Service was by the new King created Earl of Barcelos Garci Fernandez de Villagarcia was by the King of Castile made Master of Santiago in stead of Peter NunÌez That King was concern'd how to defend himself against the English He went away from Sevil to Valladolid to hold the Cortes or Parliament Charles Son to the King of Navarre a brave Prince and grateful towards his Brother-in-Law met him at that City It was resolv'd to levy greater Forces than had been in Arms till that time That all Subiects should arm themselves according to their Power That publick Prayers should be made to appease God That Foreign Succours should be procur'd as well of Mony as Men for there was great scarcity of it France was judg'd the most likely place to find
King of Granada dies Mahomet succeeds him AT Toledo whither the King of Castile went as soon as the Cortes broke up the form of Government was alter'd the Town being before divided into Factions and subject to Mutinies It was the Custom every two Years to choose 6 Officers somewhat in the nature of Aldermen 3 of the Commonalty and 3 of the Gentry These with the two Alcaides who are not unlike to our Sheriffs and the chief Alguazil made up a Court or Council and govern'd all the Affairs of the City All Men were free to come to their Consults and Vote with them which occasion'd Disorders The King regulated this Affair and order'd as King Alonso had before done at Burgos that there should be 16 Regidores or Aldermen chosen half of the Gentry and half of the Commonalty who were to continue for Life and the most Votes among them should take place When any of these dy'd the King was to name another This caus'd another inconveniency for those Places were expos'd to sale At Pamplona the Government of that Place which was divided betwixt three Governours was afterwards also reform'd One of these Governours had charge of the Suburbs another of the City and the third of a certain Quarter call'd Navarreria which often caus'd Disputes about the extent of their Jurisdiction King Charles ordained there should be but one Governour and with him 10 Aldermen who should have the whole Power in their Hands and that all the City should compose but one Body and be subject to one Tribunal John Earl of Faux had now a Son born to him call'd Gaston who in time through strange Revolutions came to be King of Navarre Prince Charles Son to Prince John of Aragon and the Lady Blanch his Wife dying He ought to have inherited his Grandfather's Crown and his Father sent his Mother with him to be bred in her Father's Court. As soon as the Prince came to Court he was created Prince of Viana and several other Towns particularly Corella and Peralta given him a thing new in Navarre but done in imitation of the neighbouring Kingdoms It was enacted that those Dominions should for the future ever belong to the Heir of the Crown This Law passed on the 20th of January 1423. Five Months after to satisfy the desires of the People the Oath of Allegiance to the Prince as next Heir was taken by the three Estates at Olite where the King being very antient commonly resided by reason of the Pleasantness of the Seat and the Beauty and Magnificence of a Palace he himself had built Ever since his Minority the King of Portugal had pressed him of Castile to settle a lasting Peace and enter into a League both Nations being wasted with tedious Wars and desirous to put an end to the Miseries it occasin'd So far the Portugues was comply'd with that a Truce was concluded for 29 Years and it was also agreed that after the Expiration of that time neither Party should commit any Hostility upon the other without declaring War a year and a half before such Breach made This Truce was proclaim'd at Avila where the King then was to the great Joy and Satisfaction of the People Processions of Thanksgiving were made and all manner of Sports to express the publick Satisfaction In certain Justs that were kept at Court Ferdinand de Castro the Portugues Embassador was Challenger and all others refusing to run against him Roderick de Mendoça Son to John Hurtado de Mendoça threw him out of the Saddle at the first shock and had like to have kill'd him The King comforted and presented him and as soon as recover'd sent him home well satisfy'd Embassies pass'd now betwixt the Kings of Castile and Aragon John Hurtado de Mendoça sent to the latter at Naples gave him the Reasons why Prince Henry was confin'd and demanded in his King's Name to have Catherine the Prince's Wife Ruy Lopez Davalos the Constable and the other Fugitives of Castile deliver'd up Dalmatius Archbishop of Tarragona was sent by the King of Aragon to Castile to shew that the Reason why he did not grant what that King requir'd was that it was contrary to the Antient Liberties of the Kingdom of Aragon not to protect any that sled thither for shelter besides that he had given them a safe Conduct which according to the Laws of Nations could not be violated He also declar'd to the King the posture of Affairs at Naples how many Jealousies arose betwixt the King and Queen whereupon the Country was divided into Factions and that the Fortune of the Aragonians began to decline it being much fear'd they would come to blows The Queen complain'd that King Alonso took more upon him than was his due That he bestow'd all places of Trust chang'd Garrisons and made the Souldiers take an Oath of Fidelity to him In fine that he turn'd all things which way he listed and incroach'd upon the Laws and Liberties of that Kingdom These things she lay'd to the Charge of her adopted Son King Alonso as an inconstant and changeable Woman grown weary of him and now she was deliver'd of Fear prov'd as ungrateful as she had been liberal in her Distress King Alonso fear'd the Inconstancy of the Queen and could not bear with her open Leudness therefore he order'd a Fleet to be fitted out in order to send her away to Catalonia This was not carry'd so privately but the Queen had notice of it and from that time the Friendship betwixt those two Nations began to grow cold Both parties complain'd that their Adversaries dealt not ingenuously but lay'd Snares to intrap them and it was true enough The King kept at Castelnovo the Queen at Porta Capuana a strong Place From this beginning sprang two Factions in Naples one of the Aragonians and the other of the Andegavenses or Anjovines Names odious in that Kingdom and which lasted till our Days The Enmity and Contrivances went on King Alonso feign'd himself sick John Caracciolo the Seneschal came to see him He was great in the Queen's Favour and that more than became her Modesty therefore he was secur'd at this Visit and the Aragonians immediately repair'd to Porta Capuana The Queen's Party shut the Gates and drew up the Bridge so that King Alonso was forc'd to go off not without some Danger for they cast Darts at him from the Walls Thus by degrees they came to sight in the very Streets At first the Aragonians got the better possess'd themselves of the City and having plunder'd and burnt several Houses besieg'd the Queen in her strong Palace It s own Strength and the Resolution of the Garrison defended it against all the Attempts of the Aragonians Sforcia who lay near at Hand came to relieve the Queen and Bernard de Cabrera came out of Sicily to reinforce the King as did a Fleet of 22 Galleys and 8 large Ships from Catalonia This Fleet arriving at Naples on
about the end of the Year Among other Things the Bones of S. Luis Bishop of Toulouze Son to Charles the 2d King of Naples were carry'd into Spain to the City of Valencia where the King landed The King of Castile hearing of his Arrival sent Embassadors to him at the beginning of the Year 1424 to Congratulate with him upon his safe Arrival and the Victories he had obtain'd as also again to demand the Fugitives and Out-laws should be deliver'd up to him to answer to such things as should be lay'd to their Charge These Embassadors had Audience at Valencia upon the 3d of April At the same time the Affairs of Aragon declin'd apace in Naples and no hopes remain'd of retrieving them notwithstanding that Sforcia the famous General marching to raise the Siege of Aquila was on the 5th of January drown'd passing the River Averno then much swell'd with the Winter Rains His Death was no way Advantagious to the Aragonians for Francis Sforcia his Son supply'd his Place Pope Martin and Philip Duke of Milan joyn'd with the Faction of Anjou The Duke fitted out a Fleet at Genoa and sent it to the Relief of the Queen under the Command of Guido Taurello This Fleet and the Army by Land besieg'd Gaeta It might well have been defended but was soon surrender'd only upon Condition the Aragonian Garrison should have liberty to depart From Gaeta the Army and Fleet mov'd towards Naples James Caldora to whom that City was committed agreed with the Enemy who promis'd him the Arrears due to him from the Aragonians and he open'd the Gates to them He pretended to justify himself that Prince Peter design'd to kill him whereas in Truth he was a faithless and changeable Man On the 12 of April the City of Naples was lost but still the Aragonians kept two Castles there viz. Castelnovo and that called Del Ovo which is very little but strong being seated on a Rock encompass'd by the Sea After the taking of Naples all other Towns surrender'd to the Victors The King of Aragon was much concern'd that the King of Castile imprisoning his Brother had oblig'd him to quit Naples which was the cause it was lost He meditated Revenge yet resolv'd to try all ways rather than declare War Dalmao de Mur Arch-bishop of Tarragona sent Embassador upon this Account deliver'd his Message before the King of Castile and Nobles at OcanÌa He demanded the Prince's Liberty saying if he were Guilty of any Crime his long Imprisonment was Punishment enough and he ought to be forgiven being so near of Kin to the King of Castile besides that his Brother the King of Aragon would never desist till he had obtain'd his Demand There were many about Court who had advis'd the Prince's Imprisonment and fear'd if he were releas'd they should suffer Others were apprehensive of losing what they had got of the banish'd Person 's Estate These oppos'd the releasing of the Prince and Alvaro de Luna proud with his vast Preferment sided with them Thus nothing was concluded and the Embassadors departed The King of Castile went away to Burgos at the same time that his Daughter Catherine dy'd at Madrigal a Town in Old Castile on the 10th of August She was bury'd in the Monastery of Huelgas Soon was the Grief conceiv'd for her Death converted into Joy the Queen being deliver'd on the 5th of January 1425 at Valladolid of Prince Henry In April the three Estates took the Oath of Allegiance to him as Heir to the Crown The King of Aragon was making all necessary Preparations for War at Zaragoça At Valladolid a Council was held to make the necessary Provision to oppose him Opinions vary'd as is usual in such Cases Some were for declaring War immediately a hot sort of People where there is no Danger Others more prudent said all possible means ought to be us'd to prevent a Breach The King was doubtful and knew not which Advice to take Charles King of Navarre fearing this Dispute might be destructive to Spain sent Peter Peralta his Steward and Garci Falces his Secretary Embassadors to Castile to offer himself as Mediator When this Proposition was ready to be embrac'd it was obstructed by Letters from the King of Aragon requiring Prince John his Brother to repair to him immediately He having obtain'd leave of the King of Castile set out for Aragon and had Commission to treat with that King of an Accommodation The Army of Aragon lay at Taraçona ready to break into Castile and the King was so intent upon this Expedition he seem'd to have lay'd aside all Thoughts of Naples And Yet he had receiv'd Intelligence that Braccio who besieged Aquila was overthrown and killed before that Place on the 25th of May. James Caldora General of the Pope's Forces in the Service of the Queen obtain'd this Victory being assisted by John and Sancho Carrillo Nephews to the Cardinal of that Name They in pursuance of the Victory soon made themselves Masters of Marca de Ancona which Braccio had before taken The Body of Braccio was carry'd to Rome and bury'd before the Gate of S. Laurence he being an Excommunicated Person In the time of Pope Eugenius the IV he was translated to a beautiful Tomb at Perosa by Nicholas Fortebrachio who took Rome and did this Honour to his Uncle by the Mother's side In May at Florence dy'd D. Peter Fernandez de Frias Cardinal of Spain his Body was brought over and bury'd in the Cathedral of Burgos He was of a mean Extraction but his good Parts obtained him that Preferment together with the Favour of the Kings Henry and John His Life was scandalous for Avarice and Leudness Having some Words at Burgos with the Bishop of Segovia a Servant of his cudgell'd the Bishop which render'd the Cardinal very odious tho afterwards the Servant confess'd he had done it without his Master's Knowledge Yet many saying he ought to be punish'd he was forc'd to withdraw into Italy The King seiz'd upon all the Mony he had gather'd which was a great Sum. He was Governour of Marca de Ancona for the Pope and in Castile built the Monastery of Espeja of the order of S. Hierome Prince John was nobly receiv'd by his Brother at Taraçona Whilst the said Prince John made Proposals for an Accommodation and expected a more ample Commission from the King of Castile to determine the Points in Debate the two Brothers march'd into the Territories of Navarre but without doing any harm and encamp'd near Milagro the heat of Summer being then over The Commission being come from Castile certain Persons of all three Kingdoms met at Aruel and on the 3d of September came to this Conclusion That Prince Henry be immediately set at Liberty and all his Honours and Estate restor'd him as also the Arrears of the Profits thereof which had been deposited during his Confinement The same was decreed in favour of Peter Manrique who was also
Legate of Savoy Castile seem'd to be restor'd to perfect Peace by the Banishment of D. Alvaro de Luna but Ambition the Bane of Kingdoms soon disturb'd it The King was not of Judgment sound enough to govern without the Help and Advice of another This was well known to the Nobility and every one strove to gain his Favour in order to become First Minister of State D. Frederick the Admiral a Bold Man and of a ready Wit stood fairest being particularly recommended to the King by D. Alvaro de Luna at the time of his departure The Princes of Aragon were enrag'd that all their Contrivances fall'd them At Toro the Servants of the several Factions quarrell'd and were like to come to Blows about taking up their Lodgings The King knew not how to pacify the Nobles and therefore by the Advice of D. Alvaro's ââads under colour of Hunting fled to Salamanca at the beginning of the year 1440. After him went the Princes of Aragon the Earls of Benavente Ledesina Haro ãâã Valencia and InÌigo Lopez de Mendoça with 600 Horse resolving to use Violence if oppos'd The King being inform'd of their coming remov'd to Bonilla a Loyal and Strong Town Thence he sent to the Princes of Aragon who under a safe Conduct came first to Salamanca and thence to Avila whither the Mutinous Lords were come designing to secure that City The Archbishop of Seviil who then sighaliz'd his Loyalty was the Chief Man that passed between them but without success Yet the Nobles made use of him to write to the King giving him grave Advice and charging D. Alvaro de Luna He return'd no ãâ¦ã They went the Earls of Haro and Benavente to him who prevail'd to have the ãâ¦ã at Valladolid Yet those Lords were so far from restoring the Towns they had serz'd and their hands that they secur'd Leon Segovia Zamora Salamanca Valladolid Avila Burgos Placencia and Guadalasara Besides Prince Henry had Toledo deliver'd to him by Peter Lopez de Ayala who was Governour of the Town and Castle for the King At the Cortes which sate at Valladolid in April the first thing consider'd upon was to give satisfaction to D. Alvaro de Luna and bring him back to Court. To this effect Letters were sent to him from that Assembly yet he came not for the present Soon after all the Revolted Cities return'd to their ãâ¦ã had particularly Toledo Prince Henry at this time Rebell'd against his Father being ãâ¦ã that D. Alvaro should return to Court John Pacheco Son to Alonso Giron Lord of ãâ¦ã had the same influence over the Prince that D. Alvaro had over the King and endeavour'd by supplanting D. Alvaro who had preferr'd him to rise to his Grandeur Prince Henry of Castile withdrew from Court giving out that he would not return till some of the King's Counsellors with whom he was displeas'd were remov'd yet he came back late at Night at the perswasion of his Father-in-Law the King of Navarre To pacify him his Wife was brought from Navarre to Valladolid where on the 25th of September the Nuptials were celebrated with great Pomp and there was a Feast of Tilting in which some Nobles were kill'd because they ran with sharp-pointed Spears The Bride remain'd a Maid which was at first conceal'd but afterwards became Publick to the great Grief of all People At the same time that the Publick Rejoycing was for the Marriage of Prince Henry the Lieutenant Peter Manrrique Dy'd He was a Man of a mean Stature a great Spirit Subtle and Bold His Son James Manrique who was also Earl of TrevinÌo succeeded him in his ãâã D. Alvaro de Lara tho absent from Court govern'd the Kingdom which inrag'd the ãâ¦ã have all ãâ¦ã Son who left his Father and went away to Segovâ declaring for the Princes of Aragon John Pacheco his Favourite neightned his discontent Toledo was again'd deliver'd up by the same Peter Lopez de Ayala to Prince Henry of Aragon The Citizens provok'd the King by securing his Messengers sent to complain of their Disloyalty which mov'd him with a small Retinue the hast thither believing they would Respect his Person He stopp'd at the Hospital of Saint Lazorus which is in the Road to Madrigal Prince Henry of Aragon came out of the City with Two Handred Horse Those with the King being Feâ in Number Fortify'd themselves where they were but Prince Henry fearing he should become yet more odious than he was if he offer'd Violence to the King return'd into the City Roderick de Villandrando signaliz'd his Zeal and Legality for the Defence of the King in this Place in recompense for which he had a Priviledge granted him that the Earls of Ribadeo his Successors should always upon New-years Day dine with the King and serve him in the Bed-chamber For it was on the first of January 1441 that the King was in Danger in the Hospital The King went away to Torrijos and leaving Pelayo de Ribera Lord of Malpica with 100 Horse to secure that place remov'd to Avila whither D. Alvaro came to consult about carrying on the War they had in Hand His coming more incens'd the Mutineers Most of them were at Arevalo and the Queen her self favour'd her Son and Brothers against the King her Husband The King sent the Bishops of Burgos and Avila to try if there were any way of composing Differences but they could not prevail James de Valera a Gentleman who follow'd the Prince wrote a Letter to the King advising him to incline to Mercy rather than Severity It being read in Council no Body said any thing to it but the Archbishop D. Gutierre de Toledo who answer'd Let Valera give us Assistance for Advice we want none This Valera was a Man of very good natural Parts was twice Embassador in Germany and writ a short History of Spain of him called Valeriana But there is another Valeriana writ by an Archdeacon of Murcia and quoted in this Work Prince Henry being sent for by his Father to treat of Peace came to Avila but nothing was concluded The Prince being return'd to Segovia desir'd the two Queens his Mother and Mother in Law then in Castile to go as far as Santa Maria de Nieva to endeavour to appease those Commotions In that Town Blanch Queen of Navarre dy'd on the first day of April and was bury'd in the famous Church of that Place This grave Authors affirm but there is no sign of it in the Church Charles Prince of Viana her Son inherited the Crown but took not the Title of King out of respect to his Father This Prince Charles was very studious and there are some Works of his Extant as Aristole's Ethicks translated into Spanish a short History of Navarre and many Compositions in Verse which he us'd to sing to the Guitarre A Youth deserving of a better Fortune and a more peaceable Father He was 21 years of Age when his Mother dy'd Her Death put an
whether the Change of Air would remove an Ague that consumed him There he received the Answer from Portugal and the Queen of Aragon who came to settle Peace betwixt the Princes of Spain wherein she was not unsuccessful Notwithstanding there happened a new Cause of Offence which was that Prince Henry was Divorced from Blanch his Wife pretending that by reason of some Witchcraft he could not have to do with her whereas in Truth his other Debaucheries made him unfit to have to do with a Maid The Divorce was first granted by Luis de AcunÌa Administrator of the Church of Segovia for the Cardinal D. John de Cervantes and afterwards confirmed by the Archbishop of Toledo commissioned by Pope Nicholas But the World was surprized that after this Divorce Prince Henry should marry again On the 13th of November the King of Castile had a Son born at Tordesillas called Alonso who tho short liv'd was the cause of a Bloody War At the Instance of the Queen of Aragon a Treaty of Peace was set on Foot betwixt the Kings of Castile and Aragon as also betwixt the King of Navarre and the Prince his Son and for the better carrying of it on a Truce was concluded for the following Year Whilst these things were in Agitation the King's Sickness increased to that Degree that having received the Sacraments he dyed at Valladolid on the 20th of July 1454. For the present he was deposited at St. Paul in Valladolid and afterwards as he had ordered translated to the Carthusians at Burgos built By his Father and given to that Order by him His Obsequies were performed in all Cities and even at Naples where the Vinetian Embassador appearing among the Mourners cloathed in Scarlet and Crimson changed their Sorrow into Laughter Besides a great part of the Mausoleum built of Wood in the Church was burnt by the great number of Lights In his Will the King left the Mastership of Santiago and Constableship of Castile to his Son Prince Alonso and appointed the Bishop of Cuenca the Prior of Guadalupe and John de Padilla the Lord Chamberlain his Tutors It is thought if he had not been so young he would have appointed him his Successor being highly offended at Prince Henry To the Princess Elizabeth he left the Town of Cuenca and a great Sum of Mony to the Queen his Wife Soria Arevalo and Madrigal Four days after the late King's Death Prince Henry was proclaimed King Immediately the Earls or Alva and TrevinÌo were released out of Prison which made the Joy at the Coronation the more compleat All the late King's Officers of the Houshold were continu'd in their Posts Lastly the Treaty of Peace began by the Queen of Aragon was concluded upon these Conditions That the King of Navarre D. Alonso his Son and Henry Son to Prince Henry of Aragon renounce all their Pretensions to any Estates or Dignities in Castile That in lieu thereof the King of Castile pay them yearly certain Pensions then agreed upon That the Admiral of Castile his Brother Henry John de Tovar Lord of Berlanga and the rest that took party with the King of Navarre may return to their Estates D. James Gomez de Sandoval Earl of Castro dyed before his Cause was determined and was buryed at Borgia Before his Death for his great Fidelity to the Aragonians he had Denia in the Kingdom of Valencia and Lerma in Old Castile given him These Towns he left to his Son Ferdinand who with some other Outlaws was not comprehended in the Pardon but left to the Mercy of the New King All Places taken during the late War on both sides were agreed to be restored 15000 Florins were given to the King of Navarre for the Town of Atiença Next it was attempted to settle the Affairs of Navarre but that succeeded not Whilst the Princes concerned could ratify the Peace already concluded it was agreed to prolong the Truce for a Year longer This done the Queen of Aragon returned to her Kingdom D. John Pacheco Marques of VillenÌa was now beyond Dispute the most powerful Nobleman in Castile as well in respect of his great Riches as the Favour of the new King He and D. Ferrer de Lanuza and D. John Biamonte Brother to the Constable of Navarre being commissioned by their Masters the Kings of Castile and Navarre and Charles Prince of Viana met at Agreda about the beginning of the Year 1455 to compose the Differences betwixt the King of Navarre and his Son but they had no Success It was supposed D. John Pacheco underhand obstructed the Peace of Navarre fearing it might be a means to lessen his Authority Only a Truce was concluded to last till the end of April Thus much of Navarre In Castile the hopes the People had conceived that the Change of Government would produce some good Effect now vanished The new King was as much given to his Ease as his Father and in other Respects was worse He had Wit enough but no Resolution was given up to Lewdness and hated Business D. John Pacheco governed with more Moderation than D. Alvaro de Luna or at least was more Fortunate for he held it all his Life time King Henry had a great Head a high Forehead cloudy Eyes his Nose fallen not naturally but by an accident his Hair of a Chesnut colour his Complexion ruddy and swarthy All his Face was disagreeable his Body tall his Legs long but his Limbs strong He loved Hunting and Musick and was not over curious in his Dress He drank Water eat much his Manners and course of Life were wholly addicted to Debauchery and Lewdness This weakned his Body which was subject to Diseases as his Mind was to Inconstancy He was called the Liberal and the Impotent this last Title from a defect in Nature the other from his great Profuseness in giving He forgot the Favours he bestowed but remembred any Service done him He was extreamly courteous spoke lovingly to all Men and was merciful to a Fault This strange Mixture of different Qualities was the cause there never were greater Troubles than in his Time He reign'd 20 Years 4 Months and two Days CHAP. VIII The great League made in Italy The Death of Pope Nicholas Calixtus succeeds him The War of Granada King Henry of Castile marries Joanna Sister to the King of Portugal Earthquaks in Italy THREE years before this we write of there began a bloody War in Italy Francis Sforcia being possessed of the Dutchy of Milan demanded of the Venetians certain Towns belonging to the Dutchy which they held along the River Abdua They refusing he resolved to use Force and to that purpose joyned in League with the Florentines In revenge the Venetians commanded all Florentines to depart out of their Territories and forbid all Commerce with them Besides by the means of Leonello Marques of Ferrara they joyned in League with the King of Aragon William Marques of Montferrat was sent
the People being divided into Factions A great Number followed Charles Prince of Viana most Men believing he had the best right His Sister Blanch espoused his Quarrel with all her might which so highly offended the King their Father that he treated with the Earl of Faux his Son in Law about making over the Crown to him and disinheriting Charles and Blanch. The better to secure their Design they courted the King of France to joyn with them The King of Castile favoured Prince Charles and therefore there was danger of a War betwixt France and Spain At the same time King Henry was making Preparations for the War with the Moors of Granada and concluding a new Match then in Hand The Cortes met at Cuellar where all degrees of People encouraged one another to take Arms and laboured to express their Loyalty to the new King During the King's absence the Archbishop of Toledo and Earl of Haro were left at Valladolid joynt Commissioners to govern the Kingdom This done having gathered a powerful Army in which were 5000 Horse the King entred the Territories of the Moors and marched to the Plain of Granada Soon after he destroyed all the Territory of Malaga with Fire and Sword in so short a time that a single Man a Horseback could scarce have overrun it so soon Joanna Sister to King Alonso of Portugal had been contracted to the King of Castile by Proxy The Marriage was celebrated at Cordova on the 21st of May with great Solemnity and Joy the Nobility and Commonalty from all parts flocking thither There was running at Tilt and other Sports and Shows among the Military Men. Some looked upon it as an ill Omen that the Marriage was solemnized in the heat of War and therefore said that Joy would not be lasting They were married by the Archbishop of Tours then Embassador in Castile from the King of France with whom Castile was in amity and at odds with the English they being mortal Enemies to the French The fame of the War against the Moors brought such Numbers of Men that the Army consisted of 14000 Horse and 50000 Foot With these Forces three Incursions were made into the Territories of the Moors firing all the Plain even in sight of the City Granada The Moors assembled on all sides but the King thought not fit to come to a Battle having resolved for three Years continually to destroy the Corn and by that means reduce them to extream want This highly offended the Soldiers who gaped after Plunder and they threatned since so many Opportunities were let pass they would not fight when their Officers commanded The Nobility also conspired to seize the King and carry on the War after another manner Peter Giron Master of Calatrava was the chief of the Conspirators InÌigo de Mendoça third Son to the Marques de Santillana advised the King to return from Alcaudete where that contrivance was hatched to Cordova without acquainting him what was intended against him At Cordova the King was informed of the Conspiracy For that Reason as also because the Season was far advanced he dismissed his Army with Orders to be again ready in the Spring The Nobility were also dismissed and their Posts given to others which was a Punishment for their disloyalty and shewed their Intrigue was discovered The King went away to Avila and thence to Segovia to hunt resolving to return to Andaluzia very soon and to express his Resolution took two Branches of a Pomgranate Tree knotted together for the Orle of his Scutcheon that being the Coat of Arms of the Kings of Granada This denoted he would not desist till he had quite expelled the Moors In Naples at the beginning of the Year 1456 D. Alonso de Aragon Prince of Capua and Ellenor his Sister both Grandchildren to the King of Aragon were married to Hippolito and Sforcia Maria Son and Daughter of Francis Sforcia Duke of Milan Pope Calixtus was much alarmed at this Allyance it being chiefly designed against him The King of Castile returned to the War with the Moors but without the Nobility He observed the same method he had done before of wasting the Country and the Soldiers being kept from fighting were ready to Mutiny To prevent any Tumult the King called them together and in few Words shewed how much better it was to subdue the Enemy without hazarding themselves than to try the event of a Battle which must cost many Lives Thus the Army was rather appeased than satisfyed and returned to Cordova where some were dismissed and others put into Winter Quarters About the latter end of the Year the King went away to Madrid Mean while the King of Portugal sent a great Fleet towards Italy to joyn with the Confederates It arrived there at such time as the heat of the Princes of Italy was abated and new Commotions began to break out at Genoa and Siena Thus the Portugues Fleet returned home without effecting any thing Elizabeth Queen of Portugal dyed at Ebora on the 12th of December It was suspected and even agreed on all Hands that she was Poisoned The great Love the People bore her whilst she lived made this Suspicion the more easily pass for Truth and their Tears for her Death sufficiently declared their Affection The King tho he was in the prime of his Age would not marry for several Years This year was very unfortunate to the City and Kingdom of Naples for great Earthquakes which overthrew or at least endamaged many Towns and Castles The greatest Mischief was done at Brindez and Isernia In the farthest parts of Italy some Buildings were levelled with the Ground from the very Foundations others were abandoned and a Town called Boyano was swallowed up a Lake remaining in the Place of it to this Day as a Memorial of that Disaster 60000 Souls are said to have perished Pope Pius the II. and S. Antoninus say 30000 either of them a prodigious Number CHAP. IX The Prince of Viana flies to Naples The Kings of Castile and Navarre meet and conclude a Peace The War with the Moors The Death of Alonso King of Aragon His Character and Will John King of Navarre inherits the Crown of Aragon SPain found no end of its tedious Troubles The Tumults in Navarre were hotter than ever Their Neighbours the Biscainers took Arms against one another and many were daily killed Among them the great Men and Heads of Families devoured the People confiding in the strength of their Houses which are like Castles King Henry coming in time from Segovia with a sufficient Force to quell these Disorders overthrew many of those Houses which served as an Example to others not to commit the like Insolencies This happened in February 1451. Upon the way the King received into his Family a Youth born at Darango his Name Perucho Munzar who afterwards became his great Favourite Being so near Navarre the King was willing to assist Prince Charles his Friend and Ally but
King of England D. Frederick the Admiral discovered the Prince's Designs to the King of Aragon He sent for him to Lerida where the Cortes of Catalonia then sate and those of Aragon at Fraga He was advised not to go but resolved to obey and was received with Demonstrations of Love but presently after committed to Prison notwithstanding he loudly complained of Breach of Faith and the Designs of his Mother-in-Law The Nobility associated themselves engaging never to give over till their Prince were set at Liberty CHAP. II. War renewed by the Moors of Granada the Prince of Viana imprisoned and released his Death the Rebellion of Catalonia also in Navarre the Kings of France and Castile meet THE Peace established with the Moors having lasted about Three Years was now broken Ismael King of Granada had Two Sons Albohaçen and Boabdelin Albohaçen desiring to exercise his Valour gathered 2500 Horse and 15000 Foot with this Force he entred the Territory of Estepa in Andaluzia did great Mischief and drove away a vast number of Cattel Roderick Ponçe Son to the Earl of Arcos being informed hereof with the Assistance of Luis Pernia Commandant at Osuna mustered about 260 Horse and 600 Foot and marched after the Enemy who was going off in disorder and fearing no Encounter It seemed a Madness for so small a Number to engage that Multitude but D. Roderick from an Eminence observing that part of the Moors with the Booty had passed the River called De las Yeaguas and only the Horse remained behind commanded the Trumpets to âand and his Men to fall on The Christians charged the Moors who were divided into three Bodies and received them with Resolution The Fight lasted long but at length the Moors were put to the Rout and 1400 of them slain Of the Christians 30 Horse and 150 Foot were killed Our Men quartered that Night at a place called Fuente de Piedra and being next day gathering the Plunder saw the Cattel coming towards them in great Flocks At first they imagined the Enemy had rallied but it soon appeared that the Cattel being left was returning as naturally they will towards their own Pasture The Peace thus broken Incursions were made on both sides but nothing remarkable happened Only D. John de Guzman first Duke of Medina Sidonia prepared to besiege Gibraltar nothing discouraged by the Misfortune of his Father The War raised against the King of Aragon in his own Dominions was more dangerous The Catalonians sent Deputies to beg of him to set at liberty the Prince of Viana He refused and from Words they came to Blows A great Number of Men set out from Barcelona and possessed themselves of Fraga on the Borders of Aragon Gonçalo de Saavedra sent by the King of Castile to the Assistance of the Catalonians with 1500 Horse was a great Encouragement to them D. John de Cabrera Earl of Modica in Sicily was General of the Catalonians On the other side D. Luis de Biamonte was on the Frontiers of Navarre with a good Body ready to enter Aragon if the King would not grant their Request Necessity obliged him to set his Son free on the First of March 1461. ordering the Queen his Mother-in-Law to conduct him from Morella where he was Prisoner to Villafranca There he was delivered to the Catalonians who nevertheless would not admit the Queen into Barcelona tho' they laid down their Arms. Yet for all this contrary to his Father's Will they swore to him as Heir to that Principality obliged his Father to declare him Governor of all his Dominions a Dignity usually given to the eldest Sons of those Kings and to consent that he should be Absolute in Catalonia These were hard Terms but there was no other way to appease the Catalonians Now again the Treaty of Marriage between Prince Charles and the Princess Elizabeth of Castile was hotly pursued and it was looked upon as good as concluded whereupon the Prince sent to Compliment the Princess and her Mother War broke out at the same time in Navarre for Charles Artieda as soon as the Prince was at liberty seized in his Name the Town of Lumbier in that Kingdom D. Alonso afterwards Duke of Villahermosa sent by the King besieged and furiously battered that Place The Prince's Party was weak but the King of Castile sent Roderick Ponçe and Gonçalo de Suavedra with Forces who raised the Siege Greater Preparations were making to continue that War when the News was spread abroad that the Queen was with Child This pleased some yet others gave out she was with Child by D. Beltran de la Cueva but it could never be proved whether this were true or that it was only so allowed afterwards in favour of King Ferdinand when he came to the Crown D. Alonso de Fonseca the Archbishop was sent from Court on pretence of doing him Honour to reside at Valladolid and Govern the Kingdom whilst the King was absent at the War he designed in Navarre This was done by the Advice of his Competitor the Marquiss de Villena who removed him from the King hoping thereby to become absolute in his Favour and promised to reduce the Disaffected Nobility particulary the Archbishop of Toledo and the Admiral for the Master of Calatrava had already submitted and was raising Men for the War in Navarre As soon as D. Alonso de Fonseca was gone to Valladolid the Marquiss de Villena went into the Kingdom of Toledo and at the same time the Master of Calatrava came to Aranda de Duero with 2500 Horse With that Force the King of Castile marched towards Almaçan The Aragonians were much alarmed but the Army marched away towards Navarre and in May came to LogronÌo a great Town in the Territory of Rioja there having received Supplies from all Parts they advanced into Navarre The Town of St. Vincent and Guardia surrendered Viana was besieged and at last delivered up by Peter Peralta who was Governour thereof and Constable of Navarre Lerin was very strong and could not be taken D. Alonso Son to the King of Aragon took the Town of Arbacuca by assault all the Castillian Garison being killed or taken All these high Designs came to nothing by the death of Charles Prince of Viana at Barcelona It was supposed Trouble and Toil was the cause of his death but the Biamonteses could never be persuaded but he had a slow Poison given him in Prison He died on the 23d of September begged pardon of his Father at the Hour of his death and was buried at Poblete He lived 40 Years 3 Months and 26 Days more famous for his Misfortunes than any other thing His Device was Two fierce Mastives fighting for a Bone denoting the Kings of France and Castile between whom Navarre was consumed Other great Men died now as Charles VII King of France His Son Lewis XI succeeded him Prince Henry Uncle to the King of Portugal departed this Life on the 13th of
as they could The King being at Almazan the Earl of Medina Celi sent to acquaint him That the Kingdom of Navarre appertained to the Lady Anne his Wife as Lawful Daughter to Charles Prince of Viana He said if King Ferdinand would not assist him in recovering his Right he should not want Aid elsewhere meaning from France Having sent away the Messenger without any Answer the King went on to Turuegano where he stayed till the City Segovia was provided for his Reception He made his Entry into that City on the 2d of January 1475. and was received with great Pomp. All the Three Estates did Homage to him and kissed his Hand Some Debate arose about the manner of Government The Queen's Servants contended King Ferdinand ought not to intermeddle in the Government nor so much as call himself King of Castile to which purpose they brought Examples of Queens of Naples On the other side the Aragonians pleaded That King Henry having left no Heirs Male the Crown was devolved upon King John of Aragon as Head of the Family But this was easily answered by Examples of many Women that had inherited the Crown of Castile At length the King and Queen agreed the Matter between themselves upon these Conditions That in all Charters Patents and upon the Coin King Ferdinand should be named before Queen Elizabeth That the Arms of Castile should be on the right of those of Aragon That all Garrisons should be held in the Queen's Name and all Officers of the Revenue take their Oath to her That Grants of Benefices should be in the Name of both but only in the Disposal of the Queen That when they were together both should have equal Authority in the Administration of Justice and when in different places each in that part That the Affairs of other Provinces should be determined by him or her who was nearest to the Council which should be observed in the Choice of Civil Governours King Ferdinand was concerned that his Subjects should prescribe Laws to him but thought fit to wink at it for the present And the Queen is said to have mollified him promising that the whole disposal of all things should be in him This done King Ferdinand applied himself to the Care of Settling the Kingdom which was much distracted by the late Broils The Marquess de Villena at the same time held Correspondence with King Ferdinand and King Alonso of Portugal He was no less Politick than his Father and it was not doubted but he would incline to that side where he expected the greatest advantage Of King Ferdinand he demanded that his Two Competitors to the Mastership should be declared illegally chosen and he secured in that Dignity This Request seemed to the King somewhat harsh not thinking it safe to add so great a Revenue to one so Powerful and in whom he could repose but little Confidence however he gave him a favourable Answer for the present which was to promise he would favour him in obtaining his Desires provided he would deliver up the Princess Joanna to a Third Person He replied he would not do it nor should ever be prevailed upon to break his Word to King Henry having ingaged to him to take care of his Daughter At the same time he sent Persons in whom he confided to perswade the King of Portugal to take upon him the Protection of his Neece since it appertained to him as the next of Kin and as such he ought to take upon him the Government of Castile He blamed his fearfulness and conjured him since he was so powerful a King not to forsake that Innocent Lady assuring he would find many in Castile that would appear for him as soon as they had a Head to whom they might have recourse The King of Portugal was at Estremoz on the borders of his Kingdom when King Henry died He immediately called a Council and laid before them what was proposed by the Marquess de Villena Opinions as is usual in such cases varied Most were for declaring War and invading Castile without delay pleading they had great store of Treasure heaped up having long enjoyed Peace great numbers of Horse and Foot and a powerful Fleet at Sea John Prince of Portugal was the chief Promoter of this unfortunate War Only Ferdinand Duke of Bragança whom Age made more Cautious and Circumspect was against ingaging in that Affair which some attributed to Fear and others to Affection to Queen Elizabeth who was his Brothers Grandaughter He urged the Marquess de Villena and his Party were the same who not long since proclaimed Prince Alonso King and declared the Princess Joanna a Bastard That they offered no strong Holds for security of performing what they promised and That it was hard to perswade a Prejudiced People that the Princess Joanna was Legitimate These Precautions were approved of by the Wiser sort yet the plurality of Voices prevailed the common Misfortune of Councils where Number takes place of Weight However before they positively declared Lope de Albuquerque was sent into Castile to Examine into the Posture of Affairs and at his return brought an Ingagement signed by many Noblemen wherein they promised That if the King of Portugal would Marry the Princess Joanna they would when it was time appear for him It fell out very opportunely to advance this Design that the Archbishop of Toledo being disgusted withdrew from Segovia the 20th of February pretending to retire for his Ease having lived long at Court This was the pretence but in reality he was displeased He complained he was kept in Hand with Specious Promises without receiving any Reward for his great Services or in Recompence of spending his Paternal Estate to bestow the Crown upon those ungrateful Princes Above all it grieved him to see the Cardinal so much in favour that nothing was done without him Means were used to appease him but all in vain He threatned to make it appear how dangerous a thing it was to provoke the Archbishop of Toledo Neither were the Prayers mixed with Threats of his Brother the Earl of Buendia of any force For he being Proud and lavish of his Tongue grew worse when good Advice was given him Besides one Ferdinand de Alarcon who being of the same Temper was his great Favourite still was buzzing in his Ears and inflamed his Passion CHAP. III. The King of Portugal calls himself King of Castile and is assisted by many of the Nobility being Contracted to Joanna the Rightful Heiress He takes several Places in Castile The French make Peace with England and ingage to assist Portugal against Ferdinand THE Disgust of the Archbishop of Toledo did not a little perplex the King and Queen fearing he might cause great Revolutions being Rich and Powerful This made them careful to gain what Friends they could and to appease the Nobility The first reduced was Henry of Aragon which was done by restoring to him his Patrimony of Segorve and
20 Days Of Disposition he was Robust and of Spirit Lively The latter part of his Life was stained with a leud Appetite tho he was past acting for he fixed his Affection upon a handsome young Woman called Frances Rose whom he design'd to have formerly Married to that D. Jayme de Aragon who was Executed at Barcelona In his Will made 10 Years before his Death he ordained several godly Works to be performed Particularly the Erecting Two Monasteries of the Order of St. Hierome which are famous at this time One of them is St. Engracia at Zaragoça the other St. Mary de Belpuch in Catalonia his Son exactly performing all that he had ordained He also ordered that the Grandsons of his Son Ferdinand tho' by a Daughter should Inherit the Crown of Aragon and take place of their Mothers CHAP. VIII Elenor Queen of Navarre The troubles of that Kingdom and her Death The Countess of Medellin raises Tumults in Castile Portugueses overthrown by the Castilians Heretical Opinions Started and Condemned in Spain King Ferdinand goes into Aragon BY the Death of the King of Aragon his Dominions were divided Aragon fell to King Ferdinand and Navarre to the Princess Elenor in the Right of her Mother She had been 7 Years a Widow and consequently exposed to great Misfortunes That Kingdom was still divided betwixt the old Factions The Biamonteses Enemies to the new Queen were most prevalent These troubles seemed to be a Judgment for the Murders committed upon Charles Prince of Viana the Princess Blanch his Sister and the Bishop of Pamplona Queen Ellenor Reigned not a whole Month. She was more Fortunate in her Issue than in her Life for she had 4 Sons Gaston John Peter and James and 5 Daughters Mary Joanna Marguerite Catherine and Ellenor we shall briefly speak of them all great Families being descended from them Gaston died as was said before and left two Children Francis Phebus and Catherine who both Reigned in Navarre successively John was Lord of Narbonne which he bought of his Father and had Issue Gaston and Germana Gaston was killed at the Battle of Ravenna where he was General for Luis the 12th of France Germana Married King Firdinand after the death of his first Wife Peter applied himself to learning and piety and Pope Sixtus made him a Cardinal James followed the War and was never Married Mary the Eldest Daughter was Married to William Marquess of Monferrat Joanna to John Earl of Armagnac Margaret to Francis Duke of Britany and had Issue Ann and Elizabeth Ann the Heiress being Married first to Charles the 8th and after his death to Luis the 12th of France joined that Dukedom and Kingdom Catherine 4th Daughter to Queen Ellenor Married Gaston de Faux Earl of Candale and brought forth 2 Sons and a Daughter called Anne Married to Ladislaus King of Hungary Ellenor the Youngest Daughter died a Maid Queen Ellenor died on the 12th of February at Tudela where she began her Reign In her Will she Ordained out of her own Money a Monastery of Franciscans should be Built at Tafalla and that her Body should be Buried there and the Bones of her Mother Queen Blanch be also Translated thither from the Monastery of Nuestra SenÌora de Nieva in Old Castile where they were deposited The Revenue was so exhausted that she was forced to Sell her Jewels to Live Francis Phebus so called for his extraordinary Beauty being but 11 Years of Age succeeded her His Mother the Lady Magdalen and his Uncle Peter the Cardinal had the Administration of the Government till he came to Years and discharged their Trust Prudently in those difficult Times The late Queen during her Troubles had no help from her Brother the King of Castile therefore she made no mention of him in her Will but directed the Governors to Adhere to France as they did which was the Cause they soon lost that Kingdom Thus much of Navarre In Castile some new Oppinions in matters of Religion were broached One Peter Oxomensis a Professor of Divinity at Salamanca was the Author By Order of Pope Sixtus the Archbishop of Toledo assembled several Persons of great Learning at Alcala where he Refided who all Condemned those new Opinions and the Author was Excommunicated unless he recanted Sentence was given on the 24th of May and soon after Pope Sixtus confirmed it by his Bull. John Prexanus a famous Divine in that Age. afterwards Bishop of Cuidad Rodrigo wrote a Book against the said Peter The Marquisate of Villena was now the Seat of War for the Marquess because Covenants were not performed with him had recourse to Arms and relieved the Town of Chinchilla besieged by the King's Forces Peter Ruiz de Alarcon who Commanded a Party of the King 's was defeated near Alberca by Peter de Baeça and D. George Manrique who in another Skirmish with Peter de Baeça was Wounded of which hurt he afterwards died A great pitty that so ripe a Wit should be so soon cut off Hereupon the Marquess was liable as having been in Arms against the King's Forces He excused himself laying the blame upon the Insolency of those Officers who forced him to do so and pleaded he had no dealings either with the King of Portugal or Archbishop of Toledo These excuses whether True or Counterfeit prevented any farther proceedings against him In this War there happned an extraordinary accident worth Relating The King's Party had hanged 6 of the Prisoners they took In revenge John Berrio an Officer of the Marquess ordered as many of those he had taken to be put to death in the same manner The Prisoners cast Lots and among the rest it fell to the share of one of 2 Brothers that were Prisoners who had a Wife and Children to die The other Brother who was a Batchellor begged to be put to death in his place and so it was done after they had both long and with many Tears contended about it King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth received the News of King John's Death and their own Accession to the Crown of Aragon in Estremadura where they were quelling the Tumults raised by the Countess of Medellin and D. Alonso de Mânrey The Countess had a Spirit above a Woman for she kept her own Son D. John Portocarrero some years a Prisoner and at last turned him out of Doors which was the cause she was in Arms fearing lest she should be obliged to restore the Earldom to her Son who laid Claim to it as his Father's Inheritance She also designed to keep the City Merida in which she had a Garison D. Alonso was digusted that the Mastership of Alcantara was taken from him and given to D. John de ZunÌiga upon which Pretence he seized several Towns belonging to that Military Order The King provided for the War with Portugal which it was feared would prove more bloody than before yet both Parties being exhausted a Treaty was proposed This was the more Welcome to
firing their Cannon disordered the Enemy Next to them D. John of Austria the first boarded the Turkish Admiral and after a doubtful Fight took her In her was killed Hali Bassa Admiral of the Fleet and two Sons of his were taken and presently Victory began to incline to the Christians Vchali the Pyrat did great harm upon the right taking 10 of our Gallies but seeing the rest of the Fleet overthrown he stood out to Sea and escaped with several of his Gallies It was a terrible Spectacle all resounded with various Cries and nothing was to be seen but killing pursuing battering and sinking of Vessels The Sea was covered with Blood and dead Bodies and the Air darkned with the Smoke 200 Turkish Gallies were either taken or sunk 25000 Turks were killed and 20000 Christian Captives set at liberty Of the Christians many were killed and among them no small number of Persons of note In short this was one of the greatest Victories that had been obtained in many years and there was great rejoycing for it in all parts of Christendom tho it was not pleasing to the Hereticks This Battel was fought on the 7th of October on which day the Memory of it is yearly celebrated as a Festival at Toledo Anno 1572. Pope Pius the 5th desiring to carry on this good Work the last Summer sent his Nephew Cardinal of Alexandria Michael Gislerius his Legate into France and Portugal to perswade those Kings to enter into this League With him went F. Francis Borgia a holy Man at that time General of the Jesuits in the place of F. James Lainez These Endeavours were fruitless as well for other Causes that occur'd as because the Pope died not long after on the 1st of Mary very unfortunately for the Affairs of Christendom Immediately after on the 10th of May Cardinal Hugo Bocompanus born at Bolongna was substituted in his Place and took the Name of Gregory the 13th He behaved himself so well that the Grief conceived for the loss of his Predecessor was much allayed for following his Footsteps he confirmed the League with the Venetians and with incredible Diligence furnished Men and Money for carrying on the War He held S. Peter's Chair 13 Years wanting one Month. At the beginning of Spring Charles the 9th King of France married Elizaleth Daughter to the Emperor Maximilian a Lady of great Vertue and extraordinary Beauty It was proposed to marry Margaret the French King's Sister to Henry of Bourbon Prince of Navarre by that means to allay the Tumults in France Pope Pius laboured to hinder that Match and offered King Sebastian of Portugal should take her to Wife which he consented to and even to accept of her without a Portion provided the French King would enter into the League against the Turks However the Prince of Navarre was preferred His Mother Joanna Queen of Navarre died at Paris the 10th of June and nevertheless the Marriage was solemnized towards the end of the Summer with a great Concourse of Nobility as well of the Hereticks as Catholicks In this Concourse Admiral Coligni was shot from a Window by the Contrivance of the Duke of Guise the Consequence whereof was a general Massacre of all the Hereticks in the City of Paris to the number of 10000. The Heads of them were put to Death by the King's Order having discovered a Conspiracy among them for assassinating of him the rest were outragiously murdered by the Rabble In Flanders the last Year towards defraying the Charge of the War a Tax was layed being the 10th Penny of all things sold This Imposition was so heavy to those Provinces which depend chiefly upon Trade that many Cities rebelled and were soon supported by Forces that came to their Assistance out of England Germany and France Zeland and Holland two inaccessible Provinces lying on the Sea and encompassed with Water were the first that rebelled Mons a strong City in Hainault followed their example D. Frederick Son to the Duke of Alva layed siege to it and leaving a sufficient Force to secure his Works marched to meet 4000 French who were coming to relieve the Place He overthrew them killing a great number taking Genlis their Commander Prisoner who died afterwards in the Castle of Antwerp The Prince of Orange came also with Forces out of Germany but the Duke of Alva had so secured all things he was forced to retire without making any attempt These Troubles besides the other Harms they did were the cause the League against the Turks was dissolved For D. John of Austria having gathered a mightier Fleet at Messina than the Year before stayed there a great while being in care for the Affairs of the Low-Countries and the more for that it was reported the French would make War on that side Thus the Season fit for Service being passed he set out of that Port at the end of September to join the Venetians and try the Fortune of another Battel But the Enemies Fleet kept close about Modon Coron and Navarrino in the Morea refusing to come to a Battel The Christian Fleet having lost all hopes of Fighting and the Weather growing unseasonable went to winter in several Ports Anno 1573. The Venetians either in consideration of the little Advantage gained by this great Fleet or because they had lost the rich Trade of the East without regard to the Confederate Princes made a shameful Peace with the Turks yielding up to them not only the Island of Cyprus but several Towns they held in Sclavonia and paying to them 300000 Ducats In May Henry Duke of Anjou the French King's Brother was elected King of Poland It was reported the French Gold bought the Votes but certain it is that as soon as the Duke heard of his Election he raised the Siege he had layed to Rochel and went to take Possession of his Kingdom D. John of Austria in October with the Fleet he had prepared against the Turks sailed over to Tunez and restored that Kingdom to Muleasse Grandson to that Muleasse who we said was expelled his Kingdom and his Eyes put out by his Son Muley Hamet the King now deposed was sent to Sicily whither soon after D. John of Austria having settled the Government and left a Garison in the City followed Thence he went over to Naples designing for Spain This Winter appeared a Comet which was only like a great shining Star without any Tail near the North-Pole What all the Astrologers admir'd in it was that it had no Parallaxis but from all places appeared to be near the same Stars and consequently must be supposed to be as high as the Stars themselves Anno 1574. The Duke of Alva having leave to return home D. Luis de Requesens chief Commendary of Castile was made Governor of the Low-Countries He came from Milan to Flanders at the beginning of the Year and it was hoped his mild Disposition and Wisdom would remedy all the Disorders
and given to their Order 175 Caligula succeeds Tiberius and reigns 3 Years 10 Months and 8 Days 52 Calixtus Chosen Pope 383 Calpurnius Pilo 32 Canary Islands 266 Conquer'd 339 Cantabri who they were 49 They are routed 49 Cape of Good Hope discover'd 380 Caracalla reigns 6 Years and 2 Months 57 Carcastonne lost and recover'd by the Earl of Barcelona 162 Cardinals fall off from the Pope 540 Carmona Besieg'd and other Towns taken Fol. 210 p. 2 Carmona surrendred to the Christians 211 Besieg'd by the Usurper 289 Carthaginians their Undertakings 10 Their first coming into Spain 12 They make War on the Phoenicians 13 Discover a new Island 16 Routed Forced from the Siege of Iliturgum Their Army again Defeated 24 Attack the Roman Camp and are repuls'd 26 Carthusian and Cestercian Monks 163 Castile its Earls Executed 820 Invaded by the Infidels 123 It s Earl reconciled to the King of Leon. 124 It s Earl imprison'd in Leon escapes by the Contrivance of his Wife 125 In League with Aragon against Navarre 170 Again 173 Commences War with the Moors 185 Reconcil'd to Portugal 238 In League with Aragon against the Moors 243 At War with the Moors 253 In League with Aragon 267 In League with Navarre 281 In League with England 281 Divided 283 At variance with Navarre 294 Makes Peace with Aragon 362 Still at variance 373 Divided betwixt the Rightful Princess and Elizabeth the Usurper 422 Castilian Fleet ravages the Coast of Britany 296 Ravages the Coasts of Portugal 301 Castilians vanquish the Moors 124 Gain another Victory 124 And Aragonians make War upon the Moors Fol. 206 p. 2 Overthrow the Portugueses at Sea 259 Overthrow the Aragonians and Navarrois 258 Defeated 302 Catalonia reduced 416 Catalonians their Actions in Asia and Greece They overthrow the Turks Their General put to Death They defeat the Greeks 249 Cathedral of Burgos built by an English Man 201 Catherine Queen of Castile dies 739 Cato the first Consul in Spain 30 Kills 40000 Spaniards Returns to Rome and Triumphs 31 Cause of the Wars betwixt Castile and Aragon Cefalonia taken by the Turks 485 Caelestin the 5th Pope Abdicates 235 Celts People of France come into Spain 10 Ceuta taken 243 Taken by the Portugueses 337 Challenge betwixt the Kings of France and Aragon 223 Charlemain in Spain 110 Charles Brother to the King of France Crowned King of Sicily and Naples 215 Dies Ibid. Charles Prince of Salerno made King of Apulia and Sicily 228 Charles the V. of France Dies 250 Charles VI. succeeds 296 Charles Inherits the Crown of Navarre 304 Dies 347 Charles II. King of Navarre 367 Charles Duke of Durazzo Crowned King of Naples 297 Charles Prince of Viana Dies 403 Charles King of Naples Dies 226 Charles VII King of France Dies 481 Charles V. Emperor his Birth 484 Chindasuinthus Usurps with the assistance of the Army 89 Chintila Ascends the Throne by Election 88 Christ our Lord Born 752 Years after the Building of Rome and in the 42th Year of the Reign of Augustus 51 Christian Princes united defeat the Infidels 130 Christian Dominions in Spain united under one Head 135 Christian Army advances against the Infidels 189 Christian Nobles perswade the Infidels to Revolt F. 215. p. 2 Christian Kings of Spain at variance 258 Christian Fleet destroyed by the Moors 261 Christians overthrown 99 Defeated 117 Suffer under the Moors 128 Spoil the Territories of the Moors 133 Join with Infidels to raise the Siege of Huesca 156 Succesful F. 209. p. 2 Defeated 447 Christopher Columbus Dies 517 Cimbri enter Spain Return with the Germans and are again Repulsed 41 Civil Wars betwixt Caesar and Pompey 45 Of Rome 48 In Aragon 200 In Navarre 403 Claudius Centho 32 Claudius Caesar Reigns almost 14 Years 52 Clement V. chosen Pope 242 Clement Pope owned in Castile 297 Clement the Pope Dies 316 Coimbra taken from the Moors 137 Combat betwixt 13 French and as many Italians 494 Commotions among the Spaniards 23 In Castile 201 In Catalonia 220 Competitors for the Kingdom of Naples 342 Conditions of Peace betwixt the Kings of Leon and Navarre 135 Confederacy against Castile 236 282 Against the Aragonians 362 Conference of the Kings of France and Castile 404 Of the French and Spanish Generals 491 Confusion of Tongues 1 Confusions in Africk 267 In Aragon 333 In Castile 408 In Biscay 413 Upon the Death of King Philip. 522 Conquest of Majorca resolved upon by the King of Aragon 204 Conspiracy detected and punished 115 Against the French in Sicily 222 Against D. Alvaro de Luna Of the Nobles 347 To Destroy D. Alvaro de Luna 365 Against K. Henry IV. of Castile 383 In Castile discovered 532 Conspirators apprehended others fly 374 Constance the King of Aragon's Daughter Married to the King of Sicily 279 Dies 282 Constans Murdered 62 Constantine the Great Reigns 32 Years 9 Months and 27 Days 60 His Death 61 Constantine Constantius and Constans Reign 62 Constantine Murdered 62 Constantius Reigns 1 Year and 10 Months 59 Constantius sole Monarch 62 His Death 62 Constantinople taken by the Turks 379 Contests about the Imperial Crown F. 212. p. 2 Controversies betwixt Castile and Portugal about their Discoveries 462 Conversion of Two Moorish Princes 140 Cordova taken by the Christians and Revolts 171 Part of it taken by a handful of Men. F. 206. p. 2 Described Besieged Surrendred 207 Cortes of Castile raise Money 237 Cortes of Castile Summoned by the King and his Son follow the latter 222 Settle the Government of Castile 247 Held at Alcalâ 267 Settle the Government of Castile 309 Meet at Madrid 313 Held in Castile 323 Grant Supplies for War with the Moors 327 Held at Burgos by K. Ferdmand Cortes meet in the Kingdom of Aragon 224 Held at Moncon 538 Held by the Queen Council of Constantinople General 64 Of Nice General 61 Of Toledo the first 66 Of Chalcedon General 67 Of Tarragona 75 Of Toledo the Second 75 Of Constantinople the 5th General 77 Of Braga the First 77 Of Braga the Second 78 Of Toledo the Third 84 Of Toledo the Fourth 86 Of Sevil. 87 Of Toledo the Fifth 88 89 Of Toledo the Sixth 89 Of Toledo the Seventh 89 Of Toledo the 8th 9th and 10th 90 Of Toledo the 11th 94 Of Toledo the 12 13th and 14th 15th 16th 17th and last 95 Of Constantinople VI. of the General 95 Of Florence General 141 Of Valencia 116 Of Rheimes General 172 Lateran General 197 Of Lions General 210 Of Vienne in Dauphinê General 244 Of Constance General 336 Of Basil General 358 Of Mantua General 401 Of Pamplona 136 Of Compostella Jaca and S. John de la Pena 142 Of Burgos 147 Of Tarragona 183 350 Of Toledo 240 Of Valladolid 251 Of Barcelona 261 Of Coyenca 140 Of Leon. 152 Of Aranda 419 Countess of Medellin a Turbulent Woman 434 Country of the Moors wasted Cruel Action of the Earles of Carrion They are overcome in Combat 157 Cruel Murder 135
the two Crowns A great Earthquake Orders of St. Hierome and St. Isidort 1374. French Spaniards besiege Bayonne 1375. Pope Gregory the XIth returns to Rome after the Papal Chair had been 70 Years at Avignon 1376. Frederick the IId of Sicily dies A general Peace in Spain 1377 The French invade Navarre Castile at variance with Navarre 1378 Marriages of K. Henry's Bastards Schism in the Church Troubles in Portugal 1379 Navarre and Castile make Peace Death of K. Henry Mahomet K. of Granada dies John succeeds to the Crown of Castile Castilian Fleet ravages the Coasts of Britany 1380. Great Floods Charles K. of France dies Charles the VIth succeeds Leo K. of Armenia in Spain A Schlsm Pr. Ferdinand born in Castile 1381. Pope Clement own'd in Castile Charles Duke of Durrazzo crown'd K. of Naples English joyn with Portugal against Castile 1382. Rebellion suppress'd Articles betwixt Castile and Portugal Death of the Qu. of Castile 1383. Marriage of the K. of Castile with the Princess of Portugal Ferdinand King of Portugal dies Divisions in Portugal about the Succession of the Crown King John of Castile proclaimed K. at Lisbon Portugueses that favour'd the K. of Castile The Master of ãâã a Bastard aspires to the C own of Portugal Lisbon besieged The Siege raised 1385. John the Bastard proclaim'd K. of Portugal Castilian Fleet ravages the Coast of Portugal K. John of Castile makes his Will Famous Battel of Aljubarota Castilians defeated All Portugal submits to John the Usurper Another verthrow of the Castilians France and Navarre joyn with Castile The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corunna Death of 3 Kings Of Peter K. of Aragon Charles Inherlts the Crown of Navarre John crown'd K. of Aragon Peace establish'd betwixt the English and Castilians 1388. Kings of Castile and Navarre meet Heir of Castile made Prince of Austurias Truce with Portugal 1390. Acts of the Cortes of Castile Truce with the Moors of Granada Pious Gifts of the K. of Castile K. John of Castile kill'd by fall from his Horse Qualities of King John of Aragon French invade Aragon 1391. Henry the IIId proclaimed K. of Castile K. John of Castile his last Will. Form of Government of Castile during the Kings Minority Strife among the Nobility of Castile They raise Forces They agree The Cortes settle the Government 1392. A Mutiny at Sevil. The War with Portugal breaks out again Troubles among the Moors K. John of Portugal his Issue Discord continues in Castile 1393. Truce with Portugal for 15 Years Arch bishop of Toledo arrested by the King Nobility of Castile reconcil'd Sicily reduc'd under the Dominion of Aragon K. Henry takes upon him the Government Biscainers invade the Canary Islands Cortes meet at Madrid 1394. The Plague at Madrid Discontents among the Nobility of Castile The Master of Alcantara cut off by the Moors Rebellion in Old Castile Mutinous Lords submit Fresh Troubled in Castile quleted Pope Clement dies the Schism continues Benedict the XIIIth chosen Pope 1395. Strange Death of K. John of Aragââ Martin K. of Aragon â Elleâââ of Navarre returns to her Husband Earl of Gijon declar'd Traytor The Archbishop of Santiago flies to Portugal The Earl of Faux invades Aragon 1396. Turks pass over into Europe Joseph K. of Granada his strange Death Mahâmet Usurps Badajoz taken by the Portugueses 1397. Franciscan Fryars preach to the Moors of Granada 1398. Truce with Portugal renew'd Paul de Cartagenâ famous for Learning Plague in Spain and France and great Floods French expell'd Aragon 1399. Works of Peter Tenârio Archbishop of Toledo 1400. Plague in Spain Violante Daughter to the K. of Aragon marryed to Luis Duke of Anjoâ 1401. Mary Q. of Sicily dies 1402. Tamerlan the Tatrar his exploits Embassies betwixt Tamerlan and the K. of Castile 1403. Great Floods The King of Navarre uses means to recover his Possessions in France 1404. Boniface the Pope dies and Innocent the VIIth is chosen at Rome Jews and Moors distinguish'd in Castile 1406. The Battle of Collejarts Cortes held in Castile Innocent the Pope dies at Roââ ãâã Gregory the XIIth is chosen Henry K. of Castile dies A notable Action of K. Henry 1407. K. Henry's Will Wonderful modesty of Prince Ferdinand who refuses the Crown being offer'd to him John the IId an Infant proclaim'd K. of Castile Aragon left without Heirs Government of Prince Ferdinand of Castile Government divided betwixt the Queen and Prince Victory of the Christians by Sea Luis Duke of Orleans murder'd 1408. Cortes of Castile grant suplies for War with the Moors D. Alvaro de Luna who he was Pope Benedict forsaken 1046. Alexander the Vth chosen Pope Animosities against Prince Ferdinand of Castile Martin K. of Sicily dies Martin K. of Aragon marries Pretenders to the Crown of Aragon Dispute concerning the Crown of Aragon Prince Ferdinand marches against the Infidels 1410. Moors overthrown Pope Alexander dies John the XXIIId is chosen Martin K. of Aragon dies Race of the Earls of Barcelona extinct Several Towns taken by the Christians A Love Adventure AnteqÌueraÌ taken by Storm The Castle surrendred Turbulent State of Christendom Aragon divided about the Succession 1411. K. John of Portugal his Government Confusions in Aragon Judges appointed to decide the Right to the Crown of Aragon Earl of Vrgel's Pretensions Ferdinand declared King of Aragon by the Judges He is proclaim'd at âaragoca Settles the Affairs of Aragon Archimbaud Earl of Faux his Death and Issue The new King's Actions K. Ferdinand and Pope Benedict meer 1413. He besieges the Earl of Vrgel in Balaguer The Earl surrenders himself Application for uniting the Church Ferdinand crown'd at Zaragoca King Ferdinand confers with Pope Benedict Council of Constance Jews converted 1415. Pope John forced to quit the Papacy Marriage of the Prince of Aragon with the Princess of Castile Ceuta taken by the Portugueses Interview of Princes at Perpignan Pope Benedict disown'd in Aragon 1416. Ferdinand of Aragon dies New Troubles in Castile 1417. John Hus and Hierome of Prague burnt Martin the Vth. chosen Pope The Canaries conquered Henry the Vth of England invades France Catherine Queen of Castile dies John King of Castile govern'd by the Archbishop of Toledo Marriages of Princes 1419. Nobility of Castile raise Tumults King John's Character D. Alvaro de Luna the great Favourite 1420. K. John of Castile under restraint Prodigles Discoveries by Henry Infante of Portugal Alonso K. of Aragon adopted Heir of Naples K. John of Castile makes his escape 1421. Prince Henry in open Rebellion Competitors for the Kingdom of Naples 1422. Prince Henry imprison'd Alvaro de Luna made an Earl Government of Toledo altered Also at Pamplona Gaston Heir of Navarre born 1423. Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal Troubles of Naples K. Alonso of Aragon besieges the Queen of Naples in her Palace Luis Duke of Anjou adopted Heir of Naples Joseph K. of Granada dies Benedict the pretended Pope dies Alonso K. of Aragon supports an Antipope Marseilles taken
by the Atagonians 1424. Affairs of Aragon unsuccesful at Naples 1425. Prince Henry of Castile born Victory obtain'd by the Queen of Naples Accord betwixt Castile and Aragon Charles K. of Navarre dies K. John proclaim'd Factions in Castile 1426. Conspiracy against D. Alvaro de Luna Conspiracy of the Nobles 1427. D. Alvaro de Luna banish'd the Court. The K. of Granada expelled by his Subjects Strange Fondness betwixt the King and D. Alvaro de Luna 1428. The Family of Davalos Fidelity of a Servant D. Alvaro de Luna returns to Court Peter Infante of Portugal a great Traer The banish'd K. of Granada restored Preparations for a War in Aragon A Synod at Taragena and end of the Schism in the Church War betwixt Castile Aragon and Navarre Peace concluded 1429. King John of Navarre crowned A new Breach of the Peace King John of Castile breaks into Aragon Aragonians invade Castile Truxillo recovered by a strange Contrivance Estates of the Princes of Aragon in Castile confiscated Truce for 5 Years War with the Moors Mighty Floods 1431. 1431. Pope Martin the V. dies Eugenius the IV. succeeds him A great Earthquake King John of Castile invades Granada Drives the Moors into that City Gives them a great overthrow Battle De la Higuera or the Fig tree Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal 1432. Mahomet K. of Granada again expell'd and restor'd The Aragonians decline at Naples Alonso K. of Aragon again invited to Naples He overthrows the Moors in Africk Differences betwixt Castile and Aragon composed Apparitions in the Air and other Prodigles 1433. K. John of Portugal dies His Son Edward succeeds him Council of Basil 1434. End of the Earl of Luna Pope Eugenius expelled Rome by the People Nobility of Naples favour the Aragonians Joanna Q. of Naples dies 1435. Great Floods in Castile Slaughter of the Christians A small Body of Christians defeats a great one of Moors Progress of the Aragonians at Naples A Sea fight the Aragonians defeated by the Genoeses Kings of Aragon Navarre Prisoners Generosity of the Duke of Milan Kings of Aragon Navarre set at Liberty 1436. Genoeses rebel and joyn with Pope Euganius the Duke of Anjou Confederacy against the Aragonians Castile Aragon make Peace Earl of Vrgel dies A violent Winter 1437. Fatal overthrow of the Portugueses in Africk Ferdinand Infante of Portugal left a Hostage with the Moors Troubles of Castile and in the Church 1438. Duke of Anjou in Naples Naples besieg'd by the Aragonians Plague in Portugal K. Edward dyes Conspiracy to destroy D. Alvaro de Luna 1439. Princes of Aragon joyn with the Rebels of Castile Agreement betwixt the King of Castile and the Rebels Pope Eugenius deposed Felix V. chosen New Commotions in Castile 1440. Progress of the Rebellion in Castile 1441. Charles the II. K. of Navarre K. John of Castile made a Prisoner by the Rebels Progress of the War in Naples Naples taken by the Aragonians 1442. Rebellion in Biscay Famous Men about this time in Spain Success of the Aragonians at Naples 1443. A Plot to rescue the K. John 1444. K. John of Castile makes his escape Queens of Castile Portugal dye 1445. Battle of Olmedo Affairs of Naples Mahomet K. of Granada imprison'd Prince of Castile Rebels D. Alvaro de Luna chosen Master of the Order of Santiago 1446. Towns taken by the Moors 1447. The Florentine War Castile Aragon still at variance 1448. Conspirators apprehended Others fly Earl of Benavente escapes and raises new Troubles Affairs of Portugal 1449. Mutiny in Toledo 1449. Nobility of Castile supported in Rebellion by the K. of Navarre The Moors ravage Andaluzia Prince Henry of Castile reconciled to his Father 1450. Mutiny at Segovia Embassies to the K. of Aragon for aid against the Turks 1451. Decay of the K. of Navarre's Power Two Factions in Navarre 1452. Two defeats of the Moors D. Alvaro de Luna his Character and fatal End 1453. Constantinople taken by the Turks K. of Granada deposed Cruzados first coined in Portugal Designs of K. John of Castile Cape of Good Hope discovered K. John of Castile dies 1454. Henry the IV. proclaimed K. of Castile 1455. K. Henry how disposed War in Italy Pope Nicholas dies Calixtus chosen Henry of Castile ravages the Territories of the Moors marries Joanna Sister to the K. of Portugal A Conspiracy against K. Henry 1456. Broils in Navarre Biscay 1451. The Prince of Viana flies to Naples Interview of the Kings of Castile Navarre Country of the Moors wasted 1458. Alonso the 5th King of Aragon dies at Naples New War in Naples Henry of Castile raises mean Persons in Opposition to the Nobility Alcacar in Africk taken by the Portugueses 1459. Grounds of new Troubles in Castile Prodigies General Council at Mantua War at Naples betwixt the Aragonians and House of Anjou Scanderbeg comes to the Assistance of Ferdinand King of Naples 1460. The Moors of Granada break the Peace Rebellion of Catalonia 1461. Civil War in Navarre Charles Prince of Viana dies A Friat stirs up the People of Navarre to Rebellion 1462. K. Henry of Castile proclaimed Earl of Barcelona by the Rebels 1463. Conference of the Kings of France and Castile Mutiny about Taxes 1464. Rebels of Castile join with the King of Aragon D. Beltran de la Cueva the Favourite created Duke Proceedings of the Rebels in Catalonia Overthrow of the Rebels 1465. Troubles increase in Castile A most Villanous Action of the Castilian Rebels Rebels Disband 1466. Confusions in Castile Peter the pretended Earl of Barcelona dies Rebels in Catalonia choose the Duke of Anjou for their King 1467. Olmedo doubtful Fight of the King with the Rebels 1468. The Popes Legate Affronted by the Rebels The Rebels Excommunicated John Duke of Lorrain in Catalonia for his Father Some Rebles submit but fresh troubles ensue in Castile A Prodigy 1469. Rebels reduced Rebellious Moors defeated A Bishop murdered Ferdinand King of Sicily marries Elizabesh Sister to the King of Castile 1470. Difference betwixt the Knights of Alcantara and their Master Confusion in Biscay Joanna Princess of Castile Contracted to the Duke of Guienne Troubles in Aragon Sardinia and Navarre 1471. Method of reducing the Rebellious Prelates Mutiny at Toledo and Sevil. Pope Paul II. dies Sixtus IV. chosen Tangier and Arzila taken by the King of Portugal Catalonia reduced 1472. Kings of Portugal and Castile meet The Master of Santiago strengthens himself against his Enemies Barcelona surrendred to the King of Aragon 1473. Reception of a Legate in Castile Evil Practices of the Legate Prince of Segorve comes into Castile Signal Loyalty of Peter de Peralta All Spain in Peace except Castile Elizabeth Sister to the King of Castile her Traiterous Practises A Synod of Bishops at Aranda Counterfeit Reconciliation of the Princess Elizabeth to the King her Brother 1474. King Henry of Castile supposed to be Poisoned Elizabeth the King's Sister openly aspires to the Crown The Master of Santiage dies
Jews expelled Spain Pope Innocent VIII dies Alexander VI. succeeds him Navarre pacified Roussillon and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand p. 460 Chap. II Discoveries and Conquests of the Spaniards in the West-Indies Controversies arise betwixt the Crowns of Spain and Portugal concerning their Discoveries Roussillon and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand p. 461 Chap. III. Palma one of the Canary-Islands Conquered The Mastership of the three Military Orders annexed to the Crown of Castile The Original of the Neapolitan War The Death of Ferdinand King of Naples p. 464 Chap. IV. The French invade the Kingdom of Naples An Account of Luis Sforcia Duke of Milan The French King at Rome Alonso King of Naples Abdicates The French possess themselves of the Kingdom of Naples p. 465 Chap. V. The League against the French carried on with wonderfull secrecy The French King returns home The Venetians overthrown by the French King Ferdinand of Naples successful against them and recovers that Noble City p. 468 Chap. VI The Death of John II. King of Portugal The French quite expell'd the Kingdom of Naples Ferdinand King of Spain honoured by the Pope with the Title of Catholick King The posture of Affairs in Portugal under Emanuel the new King p. 469 Chap. VII The Death of Ferdinand King of Naples The Emperor passes into Italy The Popes Forces defeated by the Ursini The Death of the Duke of Gandia The Marriage of Prince John of Spain Proposals concerning setling the Kingdom of Naples p. 472 Chap. VIII Progress of the Portugueses Discoveries in the East Peter Covillam and Alonso de Paira sent to India by Land Vasca de Gama sent to discover India by Sea with four Ships His Voyage till he came to Calicut p. 474 Chap. IX A short but particular Account of India what happened to Vasco de Gama at Calicut His bold Enterprize there and a Relation of his return to Portugal p. 476 Chap. X. An Account of the Navigation of Vasco de Gama and of all the Coasts of Africk as they lay in his way Of the Island of Zocotora and of all the Coast of Asia as far as China and the Method observed by the Portugueses in Sailing thither p. 478 The Twenty Seventh BOOK Chap. I. THE Death of the Prince of Castile Of Charles VIII King of France Matches of two Daughters of Spain The Prince of Salerno expelled Naples France and Spain agree Hierom Savonorola burnt at Florence p. 480 Chap. II. The King of Portugal sworn Heir to the Crown of Castile Elizabeth his Queen delivered of a Son dies The Duke of Milan expelled his Dominions Vniversity of Alcala founded Rebellion of the Mountain Moors p. 481 Chap. III. The Birth of the Emperor Charles V. The French possess themselves of the State of Milan and take the Duke and his Brother the Cardinal The great Year of Jubelee 1500. The League betwixt France and Spain Cefalonia taken from the Turks p. 484 Chap. IV. King Ferdinand 's double dealing The Princess Mary of Castile Marry'd to the King of Portugal The French and Spaniards jointly subdue the Kingdom of Naples Actions of the Great Captain p. 486 Chap. V. The French and Spaniards fall at variance about divideing their Conquest The Description of the Kingdom of Naples Frederick King of Naples puts himself into the French King's hands French perish by Pestilence and stress of Weather The coming of the Arch-Duke into Spain p. 488 Chap. VI. Further Actions of the Great Captain at Naples The Duke of Calabria contrary to Articles sent into Spain The French and Spanish Generals consult their Kings and have a Conference to adjust Differences in the division of Naples The beginning of the War betwixt them p. 490 Chap. VII The Arch-Duke of Austria and Princess his Wife sworn Heirs of Aragon He goes away for Flanders The Spaniards offer Battle to the French several small Actions betwixt them The Spaniards decline in Calabria are defeated p. 492 Chap VIII Great Booty taken by the Spaniards as also the Sieur de la Palisse A Combat betwixt 13 French and as many Italians Several losses of the French The Marques del Gasto comes over to the Spaniards p. 494 Chap. IX The Peace concluded by the Arch-Duke with France It takes no effect Succours from Spain arrive at Naples The Lord Aubigni defeated and taken p. 496 Chap. X. The Battle of Cirinola and great overthrow of the French Almost all the Kingdom of Naples subdued by the Great Captain His Reception into that Noble City p. 497 The Twenty Eight BOOK Chap. I. THE Siege of Gaeta The Death of Pope Alexander VI. Pius III. chosen Practices of the Spaniards The French invade Roussillion p. 501 Chap. II. The French Besiege Saulses or as the Spaniards call it Salsas The Siege raised Nineteen Sail of Infidels destroyed Pope Pius III. dies Julius II. chosen The French Army marches thro' Italy Two Defeats given them p. 502 Chap. III. The City Gaeta surrendred A Truce betwixt France and Spain The Prefect of Rome submits to Spain The Nobility of Naples swear Allegiance to Spain and several Cities of Italy sue for its Protection Truce for 3 years betwixt France and Spain p. 505 Chap. VI. Perfidiousness of Duke Valentine who is as perfidiously sent into Spain by the Great Captain contrary to his Promise and he ill represented to the King Projects of Peace betwixt France and Spain come to nothing p. 507 Chap. V. The League betwixt the Emperor the Arch-Duke and King of France The League against the Venetians The Death of King Frederick of Naples and Queen Elizabeth of Castile Contention about the Government of Castile betwixt King Ferdinand and King Philip. Treaties with France p. 509 Chap. VI. King Ferdinand becomes odious to his People The posture of Affairs in Italy The Emperor and King Philip of Castile Ratifie the Peace with France King Ferdinand agrees with the French King p. 511 Chap. VII Mazalquivir in Africk taken from the Moors The Nobility of Spain divided for and against King Philip. The Agreement made betwixt the two Kings Ferdinand and Philip The latter in England p. 513 Chap. VIII The Affairs of Portugal A bloody Mutiny at Lisbon King Ferdinand Marries Queen Germana King Philip comes into Spain and declares against the Treaty with King Ferdinand Death of Christopher Columbus p. 515 Chap. IX The Spaniards and Flemings at variance upon their first Meeting King Ferdinand raises Forces pretending to rescue his Daughter Many forsake him and he is forced to quit Castile An Interview of the two Kings p. 517 Chap. X. The two Kings of Spain agree and join in League Joanna King Philip 's Queen Distracted thro' Jealousie Troubles in Castile King Ferdinand and his Queen go to Zaragoca Jealeusie started against the Great Captain King Philip dies p. 519 The Twenty Ninth BOOK Chap. I. THE Settlement made by the Nobility of Castile after the Death of King Philip. The Catholick King goes over to Naples His Reception
BunÌol There they met on the Fourteenth of Sept. 1272 and laying aside all former Animosities concluded a League After the conference the King of Aragon went away to Catalonia then in an Uproar caus'd by the Nobility Armengaud de Cabrera Son to Alvaro de Cabrera to whom the King not long before had given the Earldom of Vrgel was the great incendiary The King besieg'd Balaguer the chief City of that Earldom and in it took Armengaud himself and his Uncle Roger Bernard and some other Lords whom he long kept Prisoners especially the Earl of Faux who had Rebell'd several times Thus the Troubles of Catalonia ended Prince Sancho of Castile went to Badajoz whither his Father was gone from Sevil to endeavour to make Peace between his Grandson Denis King of Portugal and Alonso that Kings Brother whom he labour'd by Force to deprive of the Possessions his Father had left him King Alonso of Portugal Father to Denis dyed at Lisbon the beginning of this same year He Liv'd 70 years Reigned 32. and was buried in the Monastery of S. Dominick Built by himself in that City Prince Sancho having seen his Father was sent away to make New Levies throughout the whole Kingdom in order to March against the King of Granada who was then taken up in Building the Palace of that City call'd Alhambra an excellent Structure which cost much Mony that King being no less skill'd in Works of that Nature than in Military Affairs What pretence there was for this War I know not but suppose he was not included in the late Treaty made with the King of Morocco Denis the King of Portugal either that he confided not in his Grandfather or fearing he was more inclinable to his Brother tho he came as far as Yelves which is but Three Leagues from Badajoz on a sudden turn'd back and went away King Alonso in a great Rage to be so disappointed return'd to Sevil. At this time Conrade Lança Admiral of Aragon with a Fleet of Ten Galleys scour'd the Coasts of Africk particularly of Tunez and Tremezen because they refus'd to pay the Tribute agreed upon some years before A certain Author affirms this Expedition was undertaken to restore Mirabusar Expell'd his Kingdom of Tunez by his Brother All agree a great Booty was taken by the Aragonians and that at the Streights of Gibraltar they defeated Ten Galleys of the King of Morocco Taking some and Sinking others The King of Aragon at Valencia where he commonly resided gave a Grant of the Lordship of Segorve to his Bastard Son D. Jayme about the Month of November CHAP. III. The Practices of Prince Sancho He Rebels against his Father The King of Morocco comes to Aid King Alonso Returns home leaving a Thousand Horse to serve under him King Alonso Disinherits and Curses his Son Prince Sancho IN Castile the Affection the People bore Prince Sancho daily increas'd and many believ'd when he was once well rid of his Nephews he would ease his Father of the Burden of the Crown His Father suspected nothing less than such a Design Prince Sancho in the Spring of the Year 1280. March'd with the Army he had rais'd to the Frontiers about Jaen and being there Recruited with Forces sent by his Father from Sevil entred the Territories of Granada where he Burnt all the Country as far as that City and then return'd with a great number of Cattle and Captives to Cordova and thence bore his Father Company to Sevil. This Success endear'd him more to the People which was what he chiefly aim'd at to secure the Succession to the Crown Philip K. of France sent Embassadors to demand that his Nephews should be set at liberty and deliver'd up to him and in case fair means would not prevail to threaten War Nothing being concluded it was agreed the Three Kings upon sufficient Security given should meet and commune together All the Kings set forward but they met not for Prince Sancho cunningly broke off that Interview fearing his Father who was inclinable to his Grandchildren might conclude something that might be prejudicial to him However it was agreed that Charles Prince of Taranto Son to the King of Sicily should carry the messages between the Kings yet all came to nothing Prince Sanoho undermining their Designs The French only ask'd that Prince Alonso should have the City Jaen given him with the Title of King and to hold of the Crown of Castile After this Disappointment the Kings of Aragon and France met about the same Affair and with the same success only the King of France took an Oath he would resign the Lordship of Mompellier to which he had pretended a Right to Jayme King of Majorca Prince Sancho was extreamly pleas'd that he had disappointed all the Designs of those Kings yet fear'd his Fathers Love towards those Children and there wanted not some who incensed King Alonso against his Son Therefore the Prince resolv'd to strengthen himself with Foreign Aids and to that purpose procur'd an Interview between his Father the King of Aragon and himself at a Town call'd Campillo between Agreda and Taraçona on the 27th of March 1281. At this Conference a League offensive and defensive was established between the two Kings upon penalty of 20000 pound weight of Silver to him that first broke it Palaçuela Teresa Xera and Ayola were now given to the King of Aragon and in lieu of them to Prince Emanuel the King's Brother whose those Places were Escalona was given This is what was publickly acted In private they concluded with jont Forces to invade Navarre and agreed what part each was to have when Conquer'd Prince Sancho obtain'd that the young Princes his Nephews should be secur'd in the Castle of Xativa and the more to oblige the King of Aragon he promised after his Fathers Death to yield him up all the Kingdom of Navarre and to give him in Castile the Town of Requena with all its Dependencies which lies on the Borders of Valencia towards Murcia He valu'd not what promises he made to secure his Power D. John NunÌez de Lara a powerful Man was then Lord of Albaracin having Marry'd the Daughter and Heiress of D. Alvaro de Açagra the Son of Peter Rodriguez de Açagra both Lords of that City Thence he made inroads into both the Kingdoms of Castile and Aragon carrying away much Booty and gave Protection to all those that fled to him on account of any Crimes whatsoever Particularly D. Lope Diaz de Haro a mighty Lord being offended at King Alonso and Prince Sancho for the Death of Prince Frederick and the Lord of Cameros was retir'd thither The King of Aragon and Prince Sancho consulted at Taraçona about taking that City and expelling D. John de Lara King Alonso went to Burgos to Celebrate the Neptials of his two Sons Peter and John Peter marry'd a Daughter of the Lord of Narbonne and John the Daughter of the Earl of
Monferrat Spain at present seem'd quiet but a great Storm hung over it The Jealousies between King Alonso and his Son Prince Sancho at length broke out into open War It troubled the King to see himself slighted by reason of his Age and his Subjects gaping after Innovation Therefore to gain Reputation he gather'd Forces and tho weak with Age and Troubles Ravag'd all the Country of the Moors Nothing perplex'd him so much as want of Mony To redress this he Coin'd a new sort not so Weighty nor Pure as what was in use This increas'd the hatred of the People who gave out that he had no regard to Justice and that many had their Estates Confiscated upon forg'd Crimes Fredulus Bishop of Oviedo a French Man by Birth was now sent by the King Embassador into France the pretence was to Visit King Philip and by his means obtain of the Pope the Croisade for all such as would serve against the Moors at their own Cost But the real design was to treat about setting the King's Grandsons at Liberty Prince Sancho was not ignorant of this practice and therefore to secure himself went away to Cordova and made a League with the Moorish King of Granada remitting him two Thirds of the Tribute he paid the more to gain his good will Besides the Nobility of Spain before disgusted with the King for his great severity declar'd for the Prince These things were in hand about the beginning of the year 1282. The same year in August the Marriage between King Denis of Portugal and Elizabeth eldest Daughter to the King of Aragon was solemnized at the Town of Trancoso This is that Queen Elizabeth who for her great Virtue is enrolled among the Saints and her Feast celebrated in that Kingdom King Denis without respect to his Uncle openly made a League with Prince Sancho King Alonso to the end he might quiet his Son and the Nobility without Bloodshed summon'd the Cortes or Parliament to Toledo and to prevent disorders provided sufficiently for his own Safety Prince Sancho on the other side summons them to Valladolid and thither the greatest number resorted Here he marry'd Mary the Daughter of Alonso Lord of Molina his Third Cousin and by her had Ferdinand the eldest and other Children Every thing was done in that Assembly that the Nobility desir'd for Prince Sancho to oblige them refus'd nothing but promis'd much more New Employments were constituted and new Laws enacted By these means not only the Nobles but the Commonalty were drawn into Rebellion and some in that Confusion saluted Prince Sancho King calling him Father of his Country and all other Names given to Sovereigns He positively refus'd that Title whilst his Father liv'd and nevertheless the Heat was such that Prince Emanuel D. Sancho's Uncle in the Name of all the Nobility publickly in open Assembly depos'd King Alonso from the Government This was a just Judgment of Providence for his presumption in daring to find fault with the Works of God as has been deliver'd to us by Tradition He is also said to have foreseen by his Skill in Astrology this Misfortune and that this foresight made him Cruel which hasten'd what he apprehended King Alonso thus forsaken by his Subjects apply'd himself to the King of Morocco for Supplies of Men and Mony sending him his Crown which was of great Value in Pawn Alonzo de Guzman Lord of Sanlucar was at that time in Morocco and much in Favour with that Prince to him King Alonso writ a very submissive Letter desiring he would intercede with the Moorish King to grant his Request That King hoping to make his Advantage of the discord among the Christians did more than was ask'd of him He came over to Algezira and had a Meeting with King Alonso at Zahara Great Compliments passed between them and King Alonso had the Upper Hand given him not only as a Stranger but because he was descended from Kings whereas the Moor had gain'd his Kingdom as he himself urg'd Here they consulted how to carry on the War since there were no hopes of Peace Sevil held for King Alonso Cordova for Prince Sancho his Son This City the Moors undertook to Besiege and King Alonso joyn'd them with what Forces he had but the Place being well provided with all Necessaries after 20 Days spent before it they rais'd the Siege Thence at the instance of King Alonso the Moors pass'd Sierra Morena advanc'd as far as Montiel and having plunder'd all the Country return'd with their Booty to Ezija Thither King Alonso came but went away privately being inform'd the Moor designed to secure him whether true or false is not known Certain it is that King highly resented his Honour should be brought in question and so went over into Africk Yet he left King Alonso 1000 Horse that had long serv'd him Hernan Ponce Commanded this Body and 't is said of them that meeting 10000 of the Enemies Horse near Cordova they charg'd so furiously that they broke and put them to Flight Such was their extraordinary Valour At Sevil King Alonso in a solemn Assembly disinherited his Son Sancho and pour'd out many Curses upon him That Prince regarded not his Fathers Curses but renew'd the League with the King of Granada and made all manner of Preparations about Cordova putting the Army into Winter Quarters in that Neighbourhood CHAP. IV. The Conspiracy of John Prochita in Sicily against the French and Slaughter of them call'd the Sicilian Vespers Kings of France and Aragon at War about Sicily Castile and Aragon under an Interdict at the same time THis Year was Memorable not only for the Wrongs done to King Alonso but also for the famous Conspiracy of John Prochita He had been Lord of the Island Prochita on the Coast of Sicily a Man of great Parts much a Friend to King Manfredus and since his Overthrow fearing the French fled to Aragon There he was honourably entertain'd by the Two Kings Jayme and his Son Peter and had large Revenues given him The Gibellines at that time oppress'd by the French had cast their Eyes on the King of Aragon for Protection Charles King of Sicily and Naples kept all Italy and even the City of Rome in Subjection and refus'd to release Beatrix the Daghter of Manfredus and Sister to Constance Queen of Aragon John Prochita laid hold of these Disgusts between those Princes and Great Men and hoped to improve them to the recovering of his Estate In order to it he went in disguise to Constantinople and inform'd the Emperor Paleologus how Charles King of Sicily with the Power of the French intended to deprive him of the Empire and restore Baldwin whose Daughter he had Marry'd The Emperor tho convinc'd that what Prachita told him was true would not openly declare himself but promis'd under-hand to assist the King of Aragon in his Pretensions with a great Sum of Mony This done Prochita returns into
of that Place he made Incursions upon the Frontiers of Aragon The other was to appease the Nobility of Aragon and Catalonia who were then Mutinous and stirr'd up the People to Rebellion upon the usual Pretences of Liberty and Property To this effect the Cortes or Parliament met first at Taraçona then at Zaragoça and lastly at Barcelona where the King gave Orders for the Redressing all Grievances and so the People were pacified The War he had in hand with the French made him condescend lest whilst he was busie in Sicily or Italy the Aragonians should Revolt Besides he was perplex'd for that the Pope had not only Excommunicated but Deposed him of his Fathers Dominions and given the Conquest thereof to Charles de Valois the King of France his younger Son No less Troubles were at the same time in Castile caus'd by the Discord between King Alonso and his Son The greater number follow'd Prince Sancho King Alonso being forsaken by his own People had again recourse to Strangers and brought the King of Morocco the second time into Spain giving out it was against the King of Granada who was in League with the Prince This Expedition produc'd nothing remarkable because both Christians and Moors were better provided than had been expected and the King of Granada having put strong Garrisons into all his Towns would not hazard a Battel and so the King of Morocco return'd into Africk without doing any thing remarkable This Design failing King Alonso solicited the King of France to make War upon his Son and at the same time to have the Zeal of Religion make for him accus'd his Son before the Pope of Disobedience Impiety and Ingratitude in usurping his Crown before he was Dead The Pope gave Ear to this Complaint and Excommunicated all those that adher'd to Prince Sancho He also appointed Judges to hear both Parties and they laid an Interdict upon all Towns that were for the Prince so that at one time both in Castile and Aragon tho for different reasons the Churches were shut up yet the Rebellion continu'd the Prince threatning Death to the Popes Commissioners if they fell into his hands However the dread of Ecclesiastical Censures caus'd many to fall off from him Among the first his Brothers Peter and John began to take Compassion on their Father which Prince Sancho understanding he detain'd his Brother Peter with the promise of the Kingdom of Murcia but John withdrew privately and through Portugal got away to his Father at Sevil. Many Towns repenting their Disloyalty sought how to obtain the King's Pardon and clear themselves of the Excommunication they lay under and having obtain'd both presently submitted themselves Agreda and TrevinÌo were of this number Many Men of Note as D. John NunÌez de Lara D. John Alonso de Haro and Prince James joyn'd the Army of Philip King of France then marching to the Assistance of King Alonso and with him entred Castile plundering all the Country as far as Toledo without meeting any Opposition CHAP. V. The Death of Alonso King of Castile The beginning of the Reign of King Sancho the IVth The Defeat of the French Fleet on the Coast of Italy Albarazin taken by the King of Aragon KIng Philip of France had a Son of the same Name distinguish'd by the Title of the Fair who this same year others say the next Marry'd Joanna Queen of Navarre with whom he had that Kingdom This Prince now began to plead the Rights of his Predecessors and by that means sought to extend the Borders of his Kingdom which his Design was not a little forwarded by the Discord at that time in Castile Prince Sancho did as much as could be in such a Time of Confusion He quell'd the City Toro which was about Revolting and went out to meet D. John NunÌez de Lara who wasted the Territories of Calahorra Osma and Siguença and made him retire with more speed than he came After this it was agreed the Father and Son should have a Conference in order to which King Alonso came as far as Constantina and Prince Sancho to Guadalcanal Great hopes were conceiv'd of an amicable Accommodation yet by the perswasion of some of the Princes Familiars who hated his Father or rather because many hop'd to make their Advantage of the Publick Calamities They met not but the King return'd to Sevil and the Prince to Salamanca By Consent of both Parties Beatrix Queen Dowager of Portugal and the Prince his Wife Mary who was then deliver'd of a Daughter met at Toro and labour'd all that might be for an Accommodation but to no Effect for the Enmity daily increas'd and with it the Misery of the Kingdom This was the Posture of Affairs when King Alonso dy'd at Sevil some say on the 5th some the 21st Day of April without doubt it was in the Year 1284. In his Will sign'd the foregoing November he appoints D. Alonso first and then Ferdinand his grand-Children to succeed him and in Case they dye without Issue then Philip King of France to be next Heir as descended from the King 's of Castile being Grandson to Queen Blanch and Great Grandson to King Alonso who won the Battle of Navas He made no mention of his Sons and Brothers in hatred to Prince Sancho but hop'd to bring the Power of France upon him Yet at the Hour of Death at the suit of his Son Prince John he bequeath'd to him Sevil and Badajoz and to his Brother James the Kingdom of Murcia with the Title of Kings but so as to hold of the Crown of Castile He order'd his Heart should be bury'd on Mount Calvary and his Body in Sevil or Murcia but it was not perform'd for the Heart and Bowels are at Murcia and the Body at Sevil. He was a great and wise King had he made use of his Knowledge to his own Advantage and had he not blemish'd his good Qualities with Avarice and overmuch Severity It was he who first ordain'd that all Contracts and publick Instruments should be writ in Spanish and caus'd the Holy Bible to be Translated So that the Latin being no more us'd produc'd a profound Ignorance as well in the Clergy as Laiety King Alonso being Dead tho' his Son Sancho's Title was not good yet he succeeded him without any Opposition He was at that Time at Avila scarce recover'd of a Sickness in which he had been almost given over by the Physicians at Salamanca and strength of Youth help'd the Medicines to take Effect Here he took upon him the Title of King which he had forbore during his Father's Life The Title of the Brave he gain'd by his great Spirit and Actions till then more Successful than Honourable for glorious Titles are generally obtain'd by the favour of Fortune rather than by Merit He was doubtless Bold Subtle and Industrious in all his Undertakings His Reign lasted 11 Years and a few Days his Memory defac'd with
the Wrongs he did his Father yet the Kingdom he unjustly Usurp'd he govern'd Prudently At Avila he perform'd his Father's Exequies with Magnificence and at Toledo laying aside his Mourning put on the Royal Robes The Gentry who had been against him now throng'd to make their Court either in hopes to appease him or else to hide what was conceal'd in their Hearts The new King at present dissembl'd yet resolv'd as soon as setl'd to vent his Rage All the Nobility and Commons swore Allegiance to him and his Daughter Elizabeth as Heiress in case he had no Issue Male. This was done to exclude the two Brothers his Nephews whose just Cause many yet favour'd King Sancho resolv'd to gain the good Will of the King of Aragon who had those young Princes in Custody and was then preparing to besiege Albarazin being no longer able to bear with the Insolencies of D. John Nunez de Lara Therefore King Sancho because he could not go in Person sent a good Body of Men to the Assistance of the King of Aragon against that Common Enemy This done he went away for Sevil because Prince John his Brother endeavour'd to possess himself of that City by virtue of his Father's last Will but the Citizens oppos'd him and were headed by D. Alvar NunÌez de Lara These Disputes ceas'd upon the coming of the new King who caus'd his Brother to desist To this City came Ambassadors from the King of Morocco to settle Peace but were sent away with Scorn which provok'd the Moors to invade Spain again King Sancho to oppose them provided a great Fleet. At that time the Genoses were Famous for their skill in Navigation thence the King sent for Benedict Zacarias who brought with him twelve Galleys was created Admiral and had the Town Port S. Mary given to him and his Heirs upon Condition they should always maintain a Galley at their Cost The Cortes or Parliament met at Sevil their Business was to redress Grievances and to make void many Grants forc'd in time of Necessity from the present King and his Father That Assembly breaking up the King return'd to Castile where some conspir'd to restore his Nephews but he coming upon them some submitted and others were put to Death At this same time Roger Lauria General of the Aragonians in Sicily having near Malta defeated 20 French Galleys killing their General William Cornutus sailing towards Naples offer'd Battle to Charles the Lame Prince of Salerno and Son to King Charles who was ready with a mighty Fleet to pass over into Sicily Many and particularly the Pope's Legate advis'd the Prince not to Fight but he gave no Ear to them The Battel was Bloody but in Conclusion the French were beaten and Prince Charles taken Authors differ about the Number of Vessels on each side the most receiv'd Opinion is that the Aragonians had 42 Galleys and the French 70. This Battel was fought on the 23d of June and the Aragonians making use of their Victory took several Towns in Italy Three Days after the defeat King Charles arriv'd at Gaeta with 20 Galleys from Provence and there understood how his Son was condemn'd to Death at Mecina by the Sicilians in revenge of the Death of Conradine executed by the French after he was taken in Battel The Queen sav'd him on pretence of acquainting her Husband yet such was the Fury of the People that they broke the Prisons and put to the Sword 60 other Prisoners The King of Aragon as if he had no War abroad now lay'd Siege to Albarazin and furiously Batter'd it The City was naturally Strong well Fortify'd and had a good Garrison of hardy Souldiers yet Provisions falling short D. John NunÌez de Lara resolv'd to make his Escape but advis'd the Garrison to hold out whilst he went to Navarre where he was sure of Succour After his Departure the City held out a few Days and then desparing of Relief surrendred on Michaelmas Day The Garrison consisted of French and Navarrois who were all dismiss'd and People brought from the Neighbourhood as well to Inhabit the Place as Till the Land The King had a Bastard-Son by the Lady Agnes Zapata to him he had before given Algezira and Liria in the Kingdom of Valencia and now gave him the City Albarazin This was the end of that Principality for many Years possess'd by the noble Family of the Açagras CHAP. VI. The French invade Catalonia take Girona and retire back to France with Loss The King of Morocco Besieges Xeres and is repuls'd The Death of the four Kings of France Aragon Naples and Morrocco AFter the taking of Albarazin a greater Storm threatn'd the King of Aragon from France The Aragonian alone was not able to withstand the French and therefore had recourse to Forreign Aids He sent Embassadors into Germany to the Emperors Rodulphus who being a cautious Man and at that time in War with the Switsers gave only good Words King Sancho at the Instance of the King of Aragon had Conferences with him at Ciria and Borobia two Towns about Soria where they made a League and promis'd to assist one another The King of Morocco design'd to make War in Andaluzia The French wasted the Frontiers of Aragon and Jayme King of Majorca sided with them 18000 Moorish Horse besieg'd Xerez de la Frontera and made Incursions as far as Sevil. King Sancho went with speed to Toledo where Charles Earl of Artois Embassador from the King of France expected him His chief Business was to procure the Liberty of the King 's two Nephews and perswade King Sancho not to have to do with the King of Aragon who was Excommunicated by the Pope The King's Answer in Publick was that he would send Embassadors to adjust all things in France and privately he declar'd himself much the King of France his Friend The King of Aragon lay'd Siege to Tudela in Navarre by that means to divert the French who design'd to pass into Aragon through Russillon That City was bravely defended by D. John Nunez de Lara who lost Albarazin and was more Successful in the Affairs of others than his own All the Country about was wasted and the Frontier Towns of Aragon strongly Garrison'd to oppose the Enemy This done because Winter came on the King of Aragon return'd to Zaragoça There he spent the remainder of this Year and beginning of the next which was 1285 in which on the 7th of January Charles King of Naples departed this Life at Fogia a Town of Apulia being worn out with Misfortunes and griev'd at the Imprisonment of his Son This Prince had been Famous as well in Peace as War had the end of his Life been suitable to the beginning Age made him feel the Inconstancy of Fortune as it has happen'd to many Besides the Vigour of the French was decay'd and they debauch'd with Ease and Pleasure and their Governours made the King odious through their Avarice and
Abbot of Valladalid for that it was he who started that Discourse and consulted with the Queen how to be reveng'd They thought fit to call him to Aââount for the administration of the Royal Revenue which he had Charge of and the Business was committed to the Arch-Bishop of Toledo King Sancho went away to Santiago in ãâã and by the way in the Monasterâ of Sahagun finding that the Bonca of King Alonso the VIth and his two Queens Elizabeth and Mary were meanly laterred he ââus'd them to be put into decent Tombs with ãâ¦ã Being return'd to Valladâlid he honour'd D. Lope Diaz de Haro âârd of Biscay to whom chiefly he ãâ¦ã Crown with the place of Lord Steward of his Household and his Standard heaâery Besides he made him Governour of many Forth and on the 1st of January gave him the Title of an Earl all these Honours in remainder to his son James Lopez de Haro ãâ¦ã de Haro Brother to D. Lope was made General of ãâ¦ã Thus that Family increas'd Riches and Power and D. Lope became the King 's Favouriââ all Things were govern'd according to his Will in so much that the other Nobles complain'd he tyranniz'd in the Name of King Sancho Paticularly the People of Leon and Gââcia found fault that he bestow'd all ãâ¦ã upon his own Creatures D. Lope great yât more Hanghty having marry'd his Daughter Mary to Prince John and endeavour'd to have the King put away his Queen that he might Marry his Consin Gulielma Daughter to âastân Earl ãâ¦ã This was not at all pleasing to the King who had now by the Queen another Son call'd Alonso and therefore sought an Opportunity to âake off D. Lope yet fearing some Rebellion kept him close about his Person in the same Hâââur whilst he visited the Kingdom of Toledo and went to ãâã The Design of this burney was to ãâã the People of Galicia who had revolted and put a stop to the incursions of the ãâ¦ã Prince Alonso the King of Portugal's Brother and D. Alvar NunÌoz de Lara Son to D. John de Lara a restless Man and us'd to live upon Rapine Prince Alonso was possess'd of the ãâã of Pertalegââ and Roncaâ on the Frontiers of Castile and Portugal ãâã Lope de Haro was lest to reduce the Rebels of Galicia The affair of Portugal was ãâã of between that King and him of Castile and they agreeing with joynt Forces laid Siege to Ronca destroy'd all the Country and oblig'd it to surrender The two Kings being together at this Siege the Portuguese advis'd the Castilian to take D. Alvar NunÌez de Lara into Favour that his Greatness might serve as a check to D. Lope de Haro which was done accordingly D. Lope diving into that Design upon pretence of visiting his Cousin the Viscount of Bearne withdrew into Navarre The Navarrois were of themselves inclinable to make War against Castile and therefore upon his coming took up Arms. Clement Luna a Frenchman was then Viceroy of Navarre Many Incursions were made by the Navarrois as well into Castile as Aragon but nothing of Note was done except taking the Town of Salvatierra from the later The Aragonians made War into Italy with better success Roger Lauria a brave Commander and famous for his late Victories surpriz'd a mighty Fleet of the Enemy near Naples and after a sharp Dispute obtain'd a compleat Victory taking 42 Sale and 5000 Prisoners among which were many of Note Most of them were ransom'd only Guido de Montfort was not releas'd the Kings of England and Aragon being his ãâ¦ã Enemies because this Man was Great Grand-son to Simon Earl of Montfort who as has been said overthrew and kill'd Peter King of Aragon in the War of Toulouze And Simon Grand-son to the other Simon took Richard Brother to King Henry of England Prisoner Guido also cruelly Murder'd Henry the Son of that Richard the Emperour in the Cathedral of Viterbo at Man in Revenge for his Father kill'd in Battle by Edward King of England The French and English Historians affirm ãâã Guido was deliver'd up to the King of England A Sicilian Writer of that Age positively says he ãâ¦ã Sicily of a Disease which could not be cur'd without having to do with a Woman which he absolutely refus'd because he would not wrong his Wife Margueriâe who after his Death behav'd not her self so well as she ought to have done The Aragonians were now at Peace and famous for their Riches Strength and the memorable Action they had perform'd Only the King of Majorca âââested the Coast of âââalonia but ââ nothing Remarkable Alonso King of Aragon was renowned and had the Ballance of Peace and War in his Hands keeping the two rightful Princes of Castile Prisoners in Aragon and him of Salerâo in Sicily These Princes growing weary of their Confinement inclin'd to admit of any ãâ¦ã so they might be enlarg'd and great Kings interceded for them Many ãâ¦ã sent from France and Castile upon that Affair but the Authority of Edward King of England was of most Weight because the Aragonian sought to Marry his Daughter Ellââor ââose Kings resolv'd to meet at the City Oloron in the Province of Bearne and there ãâ¦ã of the King of England it was agreed that the Prince of Salerno should be set at Liberty within a Year upon these Conditions That the Kingdom of Sicily should remain to D. Jayme That he should prevail with the Pope to give his consent and take ãâ¦ã censures under which the Kingdom of Aragon lay That he should Pay 30000 Marks of Silver That Charles of Valcis should quit his Pretensions to the Crown of Aragon given him by Pope Martin And that if all this were not perfor ãâã within the Term of three Years that Prince should return in Prison and in the mean while should give his Three Sons Robert Charles and Luis and Sixty Men of Note of ãâ¦ã as Hostages Charles Prince of ãâã being set at liberty went over into France and thence into Tuscany and after having appeas'd the Tumults rais'd by the ãâã in Rodâ was at last by Pope ãâã the IV th declared King of Apulia and Sicily and accordingly ãâ¦ã Pope pretended the late Agreement was invalid being made without his Consent that Kingdom being an antient Fleâ of the Church This highly perplexed the King of Aragon and the Wordâ for that he understand that Sancho King of Castile was ãâ¦ã to break ãâã him and joyn with the King of France the Queen and Arch-Bishop of Toledo favouring the French and many others oppos'd He ââ many Troubles ensu'd and D. Lope de Haro dying ââ shall be related but Friends and ãâ¦ã fled to Aragon and were the ãâã of new Wars This ãâ¦ã speedily with the French The Embassadors of both Kings and the Popes ãâ¦ã at the ââity Lyons in French and âhere they agreed Thââ King Sancho should give to D. Alonso de la Cerda the Kingdom of Mââcââ upon Condition he
the Arch-bishop of Toledo who kept him long at Almonaçir three Leagues from that City This done the King and Queen went to Plasencia and thence set out for Portugal The Clergy of Guardia as had been promis'd by the Bishop came out to meet them with Crosses wishing them Joy of their Accession to that Crown The Governour of the Castle held out not knowing what party to take Before the King 's coming he was proclaim'd at Lisbon through the Persuasions of D. Henry Emanuel Earl of Sintra and Uncle to the late King Ferdinand Ellenor the Queen Dowager consented to it knowing her self too weak to oppose the Designs of the great Ones Yet the People began to be divided and many Lives were lost The first kill'd was the Count John Fernandez de Andeyro whom the Master of Avis stabb'd in the very Palace The popular Fury stopp'd not here for they Murder'd D. Martin Bishop of Lisbon in the Tower of the Cathedral whither he fled for Sanctuary only because he was a Castilian and seem'd to favour King John The Queen fearing some Outrage with the consent of the Master of Avis withdrew from Lisbon to Santarem Only Passion and Madness seem'd now to Reign The Master of Avis was Handsome Generous Familiar and had many other good Qualities which seem'd to make amends for the Fault in his Birth On the other side King John tho mild unless provok'd was reserv'd and of few Words so that tho some Places submitted to him upon his first coming he gain'd not the Affections of the Portugueses who expect to be familiarly Treated by their Kings At the beginning of the Year 1384 the King went from Guardia to Santarem to visit the Queen Dewager his Mother in Law and consult with her what Method was to be taken With him went 500 Horse a sufficient Number in time of Peace but too small to quell Rebels The Governours of the Kingdom of Toledo ceas'd not to make new Levies and send them towards Fortugal The greatest want was of Mony the Treasury and Country being exhausted with the last Wars They therefore took to the value of 4000 Marks of Silver out of the Treasury of the Church of our Blessed Lady of Guadalupe which the People look'd upon as an ill Omen ãâ¦ã War began with Sacriledge Charles Prince of Navarre that he might not be thought ungrateful was gathering a good Body of Men to assist King John The King of Aragon thought it safest to look on In Portugal after much Consultation it was resolv'd the Queen Dowager should resign the Government of the Kingdom to the King her Son in Law This which was look'd upon as the means to appease the People provok'd them the more to Mutiny They hated the Government of Castile and upbraided the Queen with Parjury and breach of Trust yet many of the Nobles who had much to lose were concern'd at these Confusions and favour'd King John These were Henry Emanuel Earl of Sintra John Texeda who had been Lord Chancellor D. Peter Pereyra Grand Prior of Portugal who was afterwards Master of Calatrava in Castile and his two Brothers James and Ferdinand with many more Besides these many of the Commonalty especially in the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho where one Lope de Leyra born in Galicia was Governour Alonso Pimentel deliver'd up Bragança he being Governour there John Portocarrero and Alonso de Silva did the same by other Places where they Commanded Thus far the pretensions of Castile went on successfully and it was thought the whole Kingdom united could not oppose them much less being divided But their Hopes soon vanish'd D. John Brother to the late King being detain'd Prisoner in Castile the People fixt their Eyes upon the Master of Avis Bastard Son to King Ferdinand He laying hold of the opportunity offer'd to expose himself for his Country Yet the People at that time did no more but name D. John that was Prisoner in Castile their Governour The more to incense the People he was painted upon their Colours in Irons The Command of the Army was given to the Master of Avis They said Queen Ellenor was not lawfully marry'd to the King and therefore Queen Beatvix was a Bastard This was done in Lisbon which had declar'd against Castile and was supported by many of the Nobility particularly by NunÌo Alvarez Pereyra Son to the Grand Prior tho his Brothers sided with Castile This Gentleman was the Founder of the House of Bragança the most powerful in Portugal NunÌo Pereyra was sent with a Body of Men to wast are Frontiers of Castile Some Forces sent by King John to oppose him were routed with great Slaughter and much greater Disgrace D. Gonçalo Brother to the Queen Dowager was in Coimbra with a good Garrison Thither King John went with the two Queens believing he would have receiv'd him but was disappointed This was the more grievous to King John for that Peter Earl of Trastamara Son to D. Frederick deserted from him and fled to that City It was suspected that Queen Ellenor weary of favouring Castile knew of his Flight Therefore the King sent her to Tordesillas in Castile with a great Retinue where she afterwards dy'd She lies bury'd at Valladolid in the Cloister of the Mercenarians This done a Council of War was held about besieging Lisbon the Metropolis of the Kingdom whither the principal People were withdrawn with the best of their Goods Opinions vary'd Some were for dividing the Army and securing the Country Others said all would be easy Lisbon once taken This Advice prevail'd and the Army march'd to the Siege By the way they wasted the Country burnt the Villages drove the Cattle and took several Towns They incamp'd and intrench'd themselves before that part of the City where now is the Monastery of All Saints To secure the Sea as well as the Land 13 Galleys and 12 Ships came from Sevil and anchor'd before the City to hinder any Resort of Provisions which soon grew scarce for the Multitude of the Besieg'd was great To remedy this want 16 Galleys and 8 Ships came from Porto which with the help of the Wind and Tide tho they lost 3 Ships supply'd the distress'd City This Relief chang'd the Face of Affairs for Autumn coming on the Army in the Field sicken'd and therefore King John made some Overtures of Peace Peter Fernandez de Velasco for the Castilians and the Master of Avis for the Portugueses were commission'd to Treat The Master of Avis positively affirm'd they would accept of no Conditions unless he were left to govern the Kingdom till such time as Queen Beatrix had a Son of Age to take the Administration upon him This he would not depart from having already conceiv'd some Hopes of obtaining the Crown for himself Sickness dally increas'd and many Men of Note dy'd of the Common sort 200 perish'd in one Day This made the great Men waver and grow weary of that unfortunate War
Relief and a solemn Embassy was sent thither The Embassadors having laid down the miserable Condition of their King made humble suit for assistance and all the Nobles of France unanimously agreed the King ought to be supported It was resolv'd 2000 Horse should be sent into Castile under Luis de Bourbon the King's Uncle by the Mothers side and 100000 Florines for their pay They promis'd if this relief prov'd too small that the King himself would March in Person with all the Power of France and esponse the Quarrel of Castile Pope Clement from Avignon wrote a letter to King John comforting him in his Adversity Peter Earl of Trastamara the King's Cousin who deserted from his Army to Coimbra and thence went over into France being pardon'd return'd now into Castile These Helps were small but the slowness of the English prov'd the safety of Castile The King of Portugal besieg'd Coria but could not take it because some fresh Forces got into it therefore he return'd Home with much Booty The Corses met again at Segovia in order to lay Taxes for raising of Mony Here the King Publish'd a Manifesto to prove his Title to the Crown against the Duke of Lancaster But what just Title could the Son of a Bastard have where there were so many of the True Line living The Duke of Lancaster accepted of the Offers made by the Portugues He endeavour'd to obtain passage through Aragon and the King of Castile to hinder it Both parties sent their Embassadors to that King upon this account Passage being refus'd the Duke came over from England into Spain by Sea and landed at Coruna on the 26th of July In that Port he took 6 Galleys of Castile Fernan Perez de Andrada Governour of the Town defended it with such bravery it was not taken The English were only 1500 Horse and the like number of expert Archers a small Body but might have done great Harm had they immediately joyn'd the Portugueses The time they lost before CorunÌa gave a great Advantage to their Enemies Nevertheless they took several Towns in Galicia and even the City of Santiago the Metropolis of that Kingdom Some Men of Note of that Country went over to the English The Duke of Laucaster at length sail'd for Portugal and Anchor'd at the Mouth of the River Duero The King and Duke met at Porto With the Duke came his Wife Constance his Daughter Catherine and Philippa and Elizabeth two Daughters by his first Wife It was resolv'd they should joyn their Forces That the Duke should have the Kingdom of Castile and the Portugues certain Cities and Towns They agree'd the new King should marry the Dukes Daughter Philippa in Case the Pope would dispense with his Vow of Chastity as Master of Avis The King of Castile was at Zamora making Preparations to defend himself and gathering the Forces that came from France and Castile He publish'd an Edict by which all were ennobl'd who should serve two Months with Horse and Arms at their own Cost and Charge D. John Garcia Manrique Arch-bishop of Sevil was sent with a good Body of Men to secure Leon. All things succeeded better than was expected The third part of the English not us'd to that Climate was consum'd by Sickness Besides many ranging the Country disorderly were cut off by the Boors Thus nothing remarkable was done that Summer only some Messages pass'd betwixt the Kings The Duke sent to challenge the King of Castile and require him to resign up that Crown to him The King also sent Persons of Note to justify his Title but underhand to propose a Match betwixt his Son and Heir Henry and the Dukes Daughter by the Lady Constance This Proposal was no way displeasing to the Duke yet in publick he answer'd He would hear of no Terms but delivering up the Kingdom Near about this time tho far remote as to Place dy'd three Kings On the 4th of June Charles King of Naples was kill'd in Hungary his Head being cloven with a Partesan On the first of January following which began the Year 1387. Charles the IId King of Navarre ended his Days at Pamplona Some say it was the Year before His Body was buried in the Cathedral of that City Four Days after Peter the IVth King of Aragon departed this Life at Barcelona He liv'd 75 Years and reign'd 51 wanting 19 Days Of Stature he was small not Healthy very quick a great lover of Honour and of making a show of Majesty in so much that he was call'd Peter the Ceremonious He maintain'd War against powerful Princes without Foreign Aids only by his own Valour and Conduct was a lover of learned Men and particularly addicted to Astrology and Chimistry His Body was first bury'd at Barcelona and thence translated to Poplete as he had ordain'd Charles King of Naples upon the death of Luis King of Hungary had that Crown offer'd him by the Nobility he went thither and being entertain'd at Dinner by the Queen was murder'd by her Order He left a Son and a Daughter which were Ladislaus and Joanna they both reigned in Naples successively and the one being a Child the other unfit for Government they were the cause of Bloody Wars in Italy The King of Navarre had long been troubled with a Leaprousy It was commonly reported he was burnt to death for that by the Advice of Phisitians he us'd to be wrap'd in Cloaths dip'd in Brimstone on which a Spark of Fire accidentally falling is said to have consumed the Bed and Him This was the more easily believed because he was Cruel Covetous and Lascivious Joanna his youngest Daughter was Married to John de Montforte Duke of Britany who had by her four Sons and three Daughters Charles the Son of him Deceased Friend and Brother-in-Law to the King of Castile inherited the Crown of Navarre He return'd out of Castile and in the Cortes caus'd Pope Clement to be own'd as had been done in Castile for till then Navarre as well as Aragon had stood Neuter This was thought to be done rather to please the French and Castilians than out of respect to Justice The King of Castile to oblige the new King withdrew his Garrisons out of several Towns in Navarre which he held by Contract and forgave him a great Summ of Mony his Father ow'd Thus the new King was encourag'd to attempt the recovery of many Towns taken from his Father in Normandy by the French and English and sent Embassadors to them accordingly This King was mild liberal and generous whence he came to be call'd the Noble By his Wife the Lady Ellenor he had the Princesses Joanna Mary Blanch Beatrix and Elizabeth his Sons Charles and Luis died Young Illegitimate Godfrey Marques of Cortes the Founder of that Family and Joanna marry'd to InÌigo de Zuniga In Aragon King John was Crown'd after the death of his Father He was a meek Prince if not provok'd He could not be present at the
future Calamities These fears vanish'd the Earl of Faux raising the Siege of Barbastro and marching away through Navarre in such hast it rather look'd like a Flight than a Retreat The cause was that the People had carry'd all Provisions into strong holds and the Earl of Vrgel sticking upon his Skirts he was forc'd to leave part of his Baggage in several Places This was about the beginning of the Year 1396 at which time Martin the new King having receiv'd these good News and subdu'd the Rebels in Sicily resolv'd to return into Spain By the way he touch'd in Sardinia and pacify'd that Island and thence went up the River Rosne in Provence to the City Avignân to see Pope Benedict The Pope gave him a Rose of Gold and the Investiture of Sardinia and Corsica with the Title of King but to hold them of the ãâã Thence he came to Barcelona and was receiv'd in Triumph In a great Assembly oâ ãâã Nobility he took possession of the Crown and declar'd the Earl of Faux and his Wiâe Traytors for having assum'd the regal Title and invaded the Kingdom The Eastern Empire through intestine Divisâons and the perpetual felicity of the Ottomâns was now tending to Ruin That Party of the Greeks which was weakest call'd over Amurat Emperor of the Turks to their Assistance and he passing the Hellespont seiz'd Gâllipoli Adrianople and many other Places Sigâsmund King of Hungâry dreading so dangerous a Neighbour begg'd Succour of Charles the 6th King of France who sent him a good body of Horse under the Command of John Son to the Duke of Burâââdy These Forces being come into Hungary it was resolv'd to give the Enemy Battle The French naturally eager advancing too far before the Hungarians were most of them kill'd and the Duke of Burgundy's Son taken whom his Father Ransom'd for a great Sum of Mony Thus the whole Army was overthrown and King Sigismund escap'd by Flight At Granadâ King Joseph dy'd as was suspected poison'd by the King of ãâã who sent him a rich Coat which as soon as he put on he fell into violent Torture and expir'd 30 Days after his Flesh fâlling off by Piecemeal A wonderful thing if true After his Death Mahomet his 2d Son surnam'd Balva usurp'd the Crown excluding Joseph the elder He had secur'd the Affections of the People and only fear'd lest the King of Castile should take ãâã part of his Brother To prevent which he went away to Toledo to gain the good Will or the King and his Courtiers with rich Presents His Designs succeeded well for he renew'd the Truce made with his Father At this time the ãâã sââting at Toledo an Edict was publish'd excluding all Strangers excepting a few particular Persons and the whole Portugues Nation whom they thought by this means to oblige from enjoying Ecclesiastical Benefices It was also ordain'd that none should keep a Saddle-Mule who had not a good Horse to encourage the breed of Horses On the 5th of October at Sevil dy'd John de Guzman Earl of Niebla his Son Henry succeeded him and was Father of John de Guzman who was afterwards created the first Duke of that noble Family The Portugueses to make their Advantage of the King's want of Health resolv'd to take up Arms and gave out to Colour this Breach that it was be ãâã some of the Nobility of Castile had not sign'd the late Treaty Their Army at first onset took Badajoz a City on the Frontiers From this beginning the War was afterwards continu'd the term of three Years The King of Castile having assembl'd his Forces gave the Command of them to Ruy Lopez Davalos not long before made Constable of Castile James Hurtado de Mendoça the Admiral was sent to look to the Mariâime Affairs On May 1397 5 Galleys of Castile met 7 of Portugal coming from Genâa laden with Arms and Ammunition These they assail'd so desperately that four were taken one sunk the other two fled It was a great piece of Cruelty that after Quarters given in cold Blood they threw 400 Men into the Sea The Admiral coasting along Portugââ burnt several Towns and plunder'd the Country without Opposition Many Portugueses of Note came over to the King of Castile and serv'd him well The chiefest of them were Martin Giles and Lope de Aâuna three Brothers also John and Lope Pacheco Brothers All these Gentlemen had good Estates given them by the Kings of Castile for their good Services and were the Founders of several Noble Families In Galâcia the Portââueses took the City Tuy In Estrââadura they lay'd Siege to Alâââtara but the Constable of Castile coming down in time not only rais'd the Siege but entring Portugal ravag'd the Country and took several Places of small Note The Master of Alcantara the Admiral and chief Justice of Castile besiâg'd Miranda de Duero and the Constable coming to joyn them the Besieg'd were forc'd to surrender Thus the Damage being equal on both sides it was hop'd a Peace might ensue betwixt the two Nations CHAP. IV. Two Francisâans ãâã to the Moors of Granada suffer Martyrdom The Truce with Portugal ãâã Two great Plagues in Spain and France The Year of Jubilee 1400. AT the beginning of this War two Franciscan Fryars whose Names are not known zealoâs for the âropagation of the Faith adventur'd to preach publickly to the Moors in Granada and many People flock'd to heaâ them Being warn'd to desist and they still going oâ the ãâã by the King's Order apprehended and beheaded them and they are reverenc'd as Martyrs ãâã Benedict as has been said before was forsaken by all his Cardinals at Avignon the Kiââ of France press'd and only those of Spain own'd him A great assembly of Prelââes and other learned Men was held betwixt the French and Spaniards about him but nothing was resolv'd upon only they agreed both Popes should recal the Ecclesiastical âensures they had thunder'd one against the other and appoint a Place of meeting to compose those Differences In Pamplâna great âârt of the Cathedral had fallen seven Years before and neither the âroââts of the Church ãâã private Contributions were sufficient to repair it therefore the King assign'd the 40th part of his Revenue for 12 Years to carry on that Work This King desiring to recover the County of Eureux and his Possessions in Normandy had sent an Embassy to that effect into France but that not succeeding went thither himself to as little ãâã the King of France not being recover'd of his ââdisposition Thus without doing any thing he return'd home in September 1398 Being come home he caus'd his Son Charles but a Year old to be sworn to as Heir of the Crown The Joy of this solemnity was ââort for the Prince dy'd soon after The Portugueses humbled by their late Disappointments sent Embassadors to treat of Peace King Henry answer'd he neither began the War nor would obstruct the Peace provided
in the King's Favour and his Interest alone was greater than that of all the Nobility The Lady Ellenor Sister to the King of Aragon was contracted to Edward Prince of Portugal who was 36 Years of Age the Marriage by Proxy was solemniz'd at a Village call'd Ojos Negros in the Territory of Daroca the King of Aragon being present Her Portion was 200000 Florins The Lady Constance de Tovar D. Ruy Lopez Davalos his Widow was appointed her first Lady of the Bedchamber This Princess from Valencia travelled through Castile and at Valladolid the King entertain'd her nobly and thence she went on richly presented towards Portugal to meet her Husband The Joy for this Match was the greater because that Prince had so long put it off and it was fear'd he would not Marry At the same time Peter Brother to Prince Edward after his long Travels in which he visited the Emperor Sigismund and Tamerlan the Tartar return'd to Spain and many fabulous Stories are writ of his Peregrination He landed at Valencia in June and in September marry'd Elizabeth the eldest Daughter of the Earl of Vrgel who was in Prison By her he had Elizabeth afterwards Queen of Portugal Philippa who became a Nun Peter Constable of Portugal James a Cardinal and Bishop of Lisbon John King of Ciprus and Beatrix Wife to Adolphus Duke of Cleves Prince Peter after his Marriage visited the King of Castile at Aranda and came safe to Portugal Whole Towns went out to meet him admiring him as if he had dropp'd from Heaven the Ignorance of that Age making his Travels appear Supernatural The King of Castile having setled Old Castile and releas'd Garci Fernandez Manrique who as has been said was apprehended at the same time with Prince Henry of Aragon and restor'd him his Estate return'd towards the end of this Year to the Kingdom of Toledo and having spent some time at Alcalá went thence to Illescas Thither came to him Joseph Abencerrage who fled from Granada to espouse the depos'd King's Quarrel The King treated him generously and sent along with him Alonso de Lorca to the King of Tunez to exhort him to take Compassion on that Injur'd King and assist him with his Forces to recover his Crown promising not to be wanting on his part The King of Tunez encourag'd by this Embassy sent King Mahomet into Spain with a good Fleet and 300 Horse He landed at Vera and immediatly a wonderful change appear'd for all places submitted to him and even the City Granada was deliver'd up at the beginning of the Year 1429. The Usurper retir'd to the Castle call'd Alhambra where he was soon after taken and put to Death leaving the Crown he had unjustly possess'd to the rightful owner Thus much in Spain France could hardly be in a worse Condition the English being Masters of Paris and the greatest part of that Country Charles the VII King of France in that Distress sent Embassadors with great Submission to beg Assistance of several Princes and among them of the King of Aragon Mathias Rexaque sent on this Embassy came to Barcelona in April At that time the King of Aragon was bent upon two several Wars That of Naples troubl'd him most Prince Peter his Brother being return'd thence into Spain having lost all hope of Success Dalmatius Sasera was left in his Place to preserve what remain'd in the Hands of the Aragonians Besides the King of Aragon was making great Preparations for a War with Castile For these reasons the French Embassy had no Success But the Affairs of France were recover'd out of that desperate Condition by a wonderful Providence The English had besieg'd Orleans seven Months and Hunger began to pinch the besieg'd when on a sudden a Maid about 18 years of Age whose Name was Joan and is commonly called The Maid of Orleans persuaded the French she was sent from Heaven to relieve Orleans She gain'd Credit and put Relief into the Town and at lengh the Siege was rais'd From this time the English lost many Towns this Maid encouraging and leading the French At last she was taken by the English carry'd to Roan where she was tryed condemned and burnt for a Witch Many have been of Opinion she was wrongfully put to Death and the French to this Day reverence her as a Saint Her Statue is upon the Bridge of Orleans kneeling on the left Hand of a great Crucifix and the King on the Right But these things belong to the Histories of France and England where they are handl'd at large Peter Cardinal of Faux Legate from Pope Martin the V assembled a Synod of the Bishops of the Province of Tarragona in that City What Acts pass'd in that Synod is not known But the matter of greatest Concern there brought to Perfection was that they prevail'd upon the Canon Giles MunÌoz to resign the Title of Pope and the Cardinals that follow'd him were depriv'd of that Dignity This was done by the King of Aragon's Order to oblige Pope Martin whom before he kept under by Terror and now endeavour'd toÌ oblig'd by this Courtesy Peniscola which before belong'd to the Knights of St. John was now annex'd to the Crown Giles MunÌoz in requital for his Resignation was made Bishop of Majorca Alonso de Borgia was also chosen Bishop of Valencia in recompense of the Pains he had taken to reduce Giles MunÌoz and his Companions to Complyance and this was the first step Borgia made to attain the highest Dignities All this was done at Tortosa in August This was the end of that Schism which lasted longest and was hottest maintain'd of any that has been in the Church Processions and all manner of Devotions were perform'd in Thanksgiving for this Blessing and to implore the Mercy of God that such Judgments might be averted for the future It will be well we conclude this Book with Peace to begin the next with a bloody War betwixt the Kings of Spain The End of the Twentieth Book THE History of SPAIN The One and Twentieth BOOK CHAP. I. The War betwixt Aragon and Navarre on the one side and Castile on the other The King of Navarre crowned John King of Castile breaks into Aragon with a powerful Army and does much harm there SPain had of late years enjoyed Peace the Kings there of being tyr'd with the former Wars and now ally'd to one another in a very strict Degree With the Moors of Granada there was a lasting Truce or if there happen'd any Breach it was of no great Moment True it is the Christians wanted not the Will to extirpate that perverse Nation and a good Opportunity seem'd to offer it self the Moors being divided into several Factions among themselves But these Thoughts were lay'd aside by reason of a new War that broke out betwixt the King 's of Aragon and Navarre on the one side and him of Castile on the other and yet the noise prov'd much more than the Execution
that Name signifying The Lord Alexander He was given up a Hostage to Amurat the Turk but making his escape with a handful of Men held out for several Years in Epirus and overthrew great Armies of Turks But finding himself too weak alone to oppose that great Power he laboured to get forreign Aids and to this purpose made a League with the Venetians implored the Favour of the Popes and sent a solemn Embassy to the King of Aragon at the beginning of the Year 1451 offering if he relieved him with Men and Mony that after the War was ended that Province should pay the same Tribute to him it used to pay to the Turk The King sent some Supplies but too small to oppose the vast Power of the Enemy This Year was Fortunate to Spain for the Birth of the Princess Elizabeth for whom Heaven design'd the Crown of Castile her Brothers dying She was an incomparable Princess and the Glory of Spain She was born at Mndrigal on the 23d of April Henry Brother to the Admiral who had been taken up with the other Noblemen three Years before made his escape out of the Castle of Langa near Santistevan de Gormaz He had a Clew of Thred sent him and laying his Cloaths in the Bed with the Night-cap as if he had been there went up to a Tower where with the Thred he drew up a Rope that some of his Friends had ready below for him The Rope was knotted and so he let himself down Mean while the Governour looking into his Room and seeing something in the Bed thought he slept and went away satisfyed It Portugal Ellenor the King's Sister was contracted to the Emperor Frederick at Lisbon on the 9th of August Soon after the Bride was sent by Sea to Pisa and went thence to Siena in Italy The Nobility of Castile falling off from him and the Prince of Viana revolting the King of Navarre's Interest declined both at home and abroad All this was the Contrivance of D Alvaro de Luna to secure himself but it turned to his Ruin By his advice there was a sort of an Accommodation made betwixt the Kings of Castile and Navarre It was agreed that the Admiral and Earl of Castro and other Noblemen should be pardoned and restored to their Estates as also that D. Alonso Son to the King of Navarre should again have the Mastership of Calatrava But this succeeded not for Peter Giron who was in Possession made himself strong in the Town of Almagro resolving to stand upon his Guard So D. Alonso was forc'd to return to Aragon as he came which highly offended the King of Navarre To add to his Trouble Prince Henry was by the means of D. Alvaro entirely reconciled to his Father But the most grievous thing of all was that a tedious and bloody Civil War broke out in Navarre That Nation had been long divided betwixt two Factions the Biamonteses and the Agramonteses headed by the Earl of Lerin and Marques of Cortes and much Blood had been spilt The Agramonteses were for the King the Biamonteses inticed the Prince to take up Arms against his Father who they said wrongfully with-held the Crown from him In the first Place they made a League with Castile and France The King of Castile promised to assist the Prince provided he would declare and take up Arms. The King of France did the same being then in a Condition to do it having recovered all Guienne from the English As soon as the Civil War broke out in Navarre the Biamonteses seized several Towns and Cities and among them Pamplona the Metropolis of the Kingdom Olite and Aivar Yet the greatest part of the Kingdom and the Principality of Viana remained in the King's Power he having in time put Garrisons and given the Government of Towns to Men of approved Fidelity Prince Henry and soon after his Father the King of Castile came and layed Siege to Estela where the Queen of Navarre was The King her Husband speeded from Zaragoça to her Relief but bringing small Force with him and the Agramonteses not being yet able to oppose the Enemies he was forced to return to Zaragoça designing to raise Men in that Kingdom As soon as he was gone the King and Prince of Castile as it the War were ended tho they had done nothing at the Request of Prince Charles returned to Burgos His mild Nature was hurtful to Prince Charles for his Father having raised an Army tho small in Number yet composed of Old Soldiers lay'd Siege to Ayvar a well fortify'd Town His Son came to relieve the Besieged and on the 3d of October both Armies drew out Some Religious Persons laboured to reconcile the Father and Son Prince Charles was willing to lay down Arms upon Condition all that had followed him should be pardoned That the Principality of Viana and half the Revenues of the Crown should be given to him and that the King of Castile without whom he had sworn he would make no Peace should approve of these Articles The King of Navarre allowed part and rejected part of the Conditions whereupon the signal for Battle was given on both sides At first the Biamonteses made their Enemies give way but Roderick Rebolledo the King's Lord Chamberlain stood his Ground with such bravery that he gave time for those who had not engaged to come up and then they that fled before rallying endeavoured to blot out the shame of having turned their Backs Thus the Prince's Forces being an undisciplined Multitude not able to bear the Charge were put to Flight The first that ran were the Horse of Andaluzia But a few were killed many taken The Prince himself being beset delivered his Sword and Gauntlet to his Brother Alonso Authors do not write what Numbers fought or what were killed nor give any particular Account of the Battle The Prince was sent Prisoner to Tafalla and thence to Monroy It is reported he was always suspicious of being Poisoned and therefore when taken would not eat till his Brother had tasted The King of Navarre after this Victory returned to Zaragoça with his Wife who proved soon after with Child Yet the Biamonteses were no way dismayed at this Loss especially because Prince Henry came to their Assistance Besides the Nobility of Aragon favoured Prince Charles and plotted how to release him Navarre was in a miserable Condition the Country plundered by Soldiers and the Towns divided into Factions which often fell to blows In Andaluzia the Affairs of the Christians succeeded better On the 9th of February 1452 a much less party of Christians routed 600 Moorish Horse and 800 Foot who wasted the Country about Arcos D. John Ponce Earl of Arcos and Lord of Marchena commanded this Party In March 600 Horse and 1500 Foot of the Infidels were overthrown with great Slaughter by 300 Christian Horse and 2000 Foot near Lorca in the Kingdom of Murcia and a Booty of 40000 head of Cattle
done It is a wonderful thing that none of all those D. Alvaro had raised now appeared for him He was sent Prisoner to Portillo in keeping of James de Zuniga Son to the Marshal InÌigo de Zuniga This Year so remarkable in Spain for the Death of this great Man was fatal to Christendom for the loss of the City Constantinople taken by Mahomet the Great Turk after a Siege of 54 Days Great Cruelties were committed in it when entred and it has ever since been the Metropolis of the Turkish Empire Charles Prince of Viana was carryed to Zaragoça and there at the Request of the Aragonians pardon'd and set at Liberty on the 22d of June The Prince promised Obedience for the future and to withdraw his Garrisons out of all Places that held for him For Security of Performance he delivered Luis de Biamonte Earl of Lerin and Constable of Navarre and his Children with other Noblemen as Hostages The Joy for this Agreement was not lasting for new Tumults began soon after The Father's Covetousness and Son's Impatience for a long time consumed the Kingdom of Navarre as shall be related in its place Whilst the King of Castile seized upon D. Alvaro de Luna's Lands and Treasures he prepared in Prison to clear himself of the Crimes lay'd to his Charge but there was no likelyhood he should be cleared the King being his Enemy The Judges appointed to examin his Case gave Sentence of Death against him From Portillo he was carryed to Valladolid to be Executed Having confessed and received the Sacrament he was led out to Execution a Cryer proclaiming before him in manner following Our Sovereign Lord the King commands this cruel Tyrant to be Executed for that he with extraordinary Pride and Presumption to the great abuse of the Royal Majesty which is the Image of God upon Earth made himself Master of the King's Court and Palace usurping the place that did not belong to him and committed many great Crimes Extortions Rapines Violences and tyrannical Actions to the hainous offence of God and our faid Lord the King the disgrace and lessening of his Person Crown and Dignity the impairing of his Revenue and obstructing of Justice For which his Offences he is to be beheaded that the Justice of God and the King may appear and he be made an Example to deterr others from committing the like Crimes To such Actions such a Reward In the Market-place was erected a Scaffold with a Crucifix and two Flamboys on the sides of it Being upon the Scaffold he bowed to the Cross and going forward gave his Ring he used to Seal with and his Hat to his Page saying This is all I have lest to give you This moved him to weep and many followed his Example Barrasa Master of the Horse to Prince Henry being present D. Alvaro called and said to him Go warn the Prince from me not to follow this Example of his Fathers in rewarding his Servants Then seeing a high Iron hook he asked the Executioner what it was for and being told it was to fix his Head upon answered When I am dead do as thou wilt with my Body for to a brave Man neither is the manner of his Death disgraceful nor can it come too soon to him that has attained such high Honours This said he opened his Garment and without the least mark of fear bowed down his Head which was cut off on the 5th of July He was a Man in all respects great who for the space of 30 Years absolutely governed the King and directed all his Actions Alonso de Espina a Franciscan Fryar accompanied D. Alvaro de Luna to the place of Execution This Fryar wrote a Book called Fortalitium Fidei an excellent Work The dead Body remained three Days on the Scaffold with a Bason by it to gather Alms to bury him that not long before was equal to some Kings He was interred at St. Andrews the common Burial Place of Persons executed thence removed to St. Francis in that Town and lastly to his own Chappel in the Cathedral of Toledo It is reported an Astrologer told D. Alvaro his Death would be at or on Cadahalso which he supposed to be meant of a Town he had of that Name and therefore never went thither but Cadahalso in Spanish is a Scaffold But these are vain Observations The King besieged Escalona which place after the Death of D. Alvaro was surrendred by his Wife upon Condition his Treasure should be equally divided betwixt the King and her self All the rest was confiscated except the Town of Santistevan left to his Son D. John whose Daughter and Heiress married James the Son of John Pacheco and so the Earldom of Santistevan and Marquisate of Villena were united D. Alvaro had a Daughter married to InÌigo Lopez de Mendoça Duke del Infantado Also a Bastard Son and Daughter Thus much of D. Alvaro At Granada Ismael with the Assistance of the Christians and his Party among the Moors wrested the Crown from his Cousin Mahomet the Lame but being in the Throne soon forgot the Obligations he owed to the Christians In Portugal a new sort of Mony was coined called Cruzados which took that Name from the Croisade then granted by Pope Nicholas the V. to all that went to the War against the Moors in Barbary at the Request of D. Alvaro Gonzalez Bishop of Lanego CHAP. VII The Designs and Death of King John of Castile Discoveries of the Portugueses along the Coast of Africk Prince Henry proclaim'd King of Castile Peace concluded betwixt Castile Aragon and Navarre The Character of Henry the new King of Castile THE Death of D. Alvaro de Luna no way contributed to alter the Posture of Affairs for the better tho the King was resolved had he lived to take upon himself the Government and follow the Advice of the Bishop of Cuenca and Prior of Guadlupe Men of great Integrity and Piety To this purpose he sent for them both to come to Avila whither he went from Escalona He designed also to keep 8000 Horse in constant pay to be a check to his Subjects and a standing Power against Forreign Enemies Besides he resolved that every City should be impowered to Collect the Revenue that there might be no need of Farmers or Collectors who oppress the People to enrich themselves The Portugueses at this time began to make vast Discoveries along the Coast of Africk as far as the Cape of Good Hope Prince Henry Uncle to the King of Portugal being learned in Astrology and zealous of promoting the Christian Faith was the first that undertook this Affair The King of Castile pretended that Conquest appertained to him and threatned War in case the Portugues did not desist He answered he knew no wrong had been done and hoped the King of Castile would not begin a War before that dispute was decided by Law The King of Castile went to Medina del Campo and Valladolid to try
Humility and Modesty About the same time dyed D. Alonso de Cartagena Bishop of Burgos who composed some Books among them a short History of the Kings of Spain in Latin called Anacephaleosis his other Works are all mentioned in the History called Valeriana D. Luis de Acuna succeeded him in the Bishoprick CHAP. X. The new War at Naples upon the Death of King Alonso and Succession of his Bastard Son Ferdinand Pope Calixtus dies Pius the II. succeeds him Alcazar on the Coast of Africk taken by the King of Portugal Prodigies in Spain KING Alonso's Death put an end to the Peace of Italy and the Kingdom of Naple which seemed to be setled was again perplexed with new Troubles A new War broke out there in such manner that it rather seemed conquered anew than preserved Ferdinand King of Naples had good Natural Parts improved with Learning and no less Experience of Military Affairs He was inferior to none in all sorts of Many Exercises and Inured to suffer Hardships In his Conversation courteous and affable All these good Qualities could not gain him the Affections of the Nobility who bore him perfect hatred Charles Prince of Viana was perswaded to pretend to that Crown as appertaining to him of Right He was willing to harken to these Insinuations and rather wanted Strength than Will to attempt it Some offered to stand by him but he durst not rely on them knowing how much easier it is to promise than to perform It was impossible these Contrivances could be kept private therefore the Prince fearing the new King sailed over into Sicily there to wait the Event of those Affairs Whilst he lived there in Banishment he had by a mean Woman called Capa two Sons Philip and John and by Mary Armendaria the Wife that had been of Francis Barhastre a Daughter called Ann afterwards married to D. Luis de la Cerda first Duke of Medina Celi Notwithstanding all his Practices King Ferdinand payed him a Pension of 12000 Ducats a Year left him by his Father Prince Charles his Departure into Sicily did not discourage the Nobility of Naples The Prince of Taranto and Marques of Cotron sent to invite King John of Aragon to come and accept of that Kingdom but he content with what he had secure made no account of their offer He set out from Tudela and having received the News of his Brother's Death came to Zaragoça where he took possession of the Kingdom of Aragon not as Lieutenant as he was before but as Proprietor The storm raised by Pope Calixtus from whom it had been least expected was great He said that Kingdom which was a Feof of the Church ought not to have been given to a Bastard and therefore pretended it was again forfeited to the See Apostolick This was believed to be only a Colour and that his Aim was to secure that Kingdom for Peter Borgia whom he had created Duke of Spoleto a City in Vmbria An extravagant Ambition much misbecoming his Age and the high Dignity God had raised him to This was supposed would prove the cause of a new War and every Body feared the late Calamities would again be renewed King Ferdinand desiring to reconcile and appease the Pope wrote a very submissive Letter to him aâcesting his respect to the Church and particularly to his Person putting him in mind that he had been bred under him as his Scholar and came over into Italy with him and therefore prayed to be looked upon as a Son and treated as such promising on his part to act accordingly This Letter had no effect upon the Pope who began to sollicit all the Princes and Cities of Italy to take Arms but all his Contrivances were disappointed by Death He departed this Life upon the 6th of August happily and in good Season for the Kingdom of Naples In his Place was elected Aeneas Silvius a Native of Siona of the Family of Picolomini who in all Respects acted suitable to the Name he took which was Pius the II. for he restored Peace to Italy and used his utmost endeavours to renew the War with the Turks He confirmed the Kingdom of Naples to Ferdinand only adding this Provisu that it should not be found to be done in wrong of any other He summoned a General Council to meet at Mantra in order to treat in it of the Expedition against the Turk The Neapolitans once having began to raise Commotions could not be so easily quelled The Calabrians took Arms and John Duke of Lorrain being invited from Genoa where he then was arrived on the Coast of Naples with a Fleet of 23 Galleys The chief cause of these Tumults was Abtony Centellas Marques of Girachi and Croten who to revenge the wrong he pretended done his Father by King Alonso doubted not to prefer the Dominion of the French before that of the Spaniards tho descended himself from Spain These Troubles were very great and lasted long therefore it would be too tedious to relate all the Particulars of them it will be properer for our History to return to Spain In Castile King Henry raised mean Persons to high Posts and Dignities He made Michael Lucas de Trançu born at Belmonte a Town in the Country of la Mancha Constable of Castile and gave him the Town of Agreda and Castle of Veraton and Bormediano Gomez de Solis who took the Name of Gaâereâ from his Country and was Steward of the Houshold was by the Knights of Alcantara to please the King chosen Master of that Order in the Place of D. Gutierre de Sotomayor To the Brothers of these two the King gave plentiful Estates To John de Valençuela the grand Priorship of S. John These Men he designed should stand by him against the Nobility who were disgusted His ordinary Residence was at Madrid where he wholly gave himself up to Pleasure without applying himself to the Government This extraordinary Negligence drew him into great Inconveniences and no less could be expected since he used to sign all Orders or Grants without reading or knowing what was contained in them The Revenue could not answer the vast Expence of his Houshold and other Prodigalities James Arias his Treasurer finding a fit Opportunity gave him to understand as much advising him to Retrench the number of his Servants since many of them only wasted the Revenue with their Salaries and were of no manner of use This advice did not please the King who presently answered Were I Peter Arias I should have more regard to Mony than to Generosity You speak like your self and I will do as becomes a King without fear of coming to Poverty or having occasion to raise new Tares It is the Duty of Kings to give and to measure their Power not by themselves but by the publick Good which is the true fruit of Riches To some we give because they are Serviceable to others that they may not be Wicked Words well becoming a great Prince had his Actions
in Poverty yet wickedly and hated by all Men. Thus he soon endured the Punishment of his short Pleasure being severely chastized by the Hand of God as he had well deserved The End of the Two and Twentieth Book The History of SPAIN BOOK XXIII CHAP. I. The Councel of Mantua Beginnings of Tumults in Castile War at Naples betwixt the Aragonians and House of Anjou Scanderbeg Prince of Epirus comes to the Assistance of Ferdinand King of Naples POpe Pius the Second having appointed a General Councel to meet at Mantua a great number of Bishops from all Parts and Ambassadors of Princes repaired thither as did the Pope himself His only Care was to stir up all Christendom to unite its Forces against the Common Enemy David Emperor of Trebizonde a City in Asia the Lesser upon the Euxine Sea Ussumcassanus King of Armenia and George who stiled himself King of Persia offered great Numbers of Horse and Foot and a mighty Fleet but there was little Confidence to be reposed in their Promises The Western Countries were so entangled with Broils and Confusions at home that little could be hoped from them Notwithstanding all these Difficulties the Pope was not discouraged but resolved to use his utmost Endeavours to promote the Holy War and therefore in a full Assembly of those that came to the Councel made a most Learned Speech laying before them how great a Reproach to Christianity the loss of the Eastern Empire had been and how much nearer since that time the Danger threatned all the Western Part of the World He pressed for some Prince to encourage that War by taking upon him to be General and then offered to carry the Cross before them himself His Words moved the Auditory but the Ambassadors of Princes wasted the Time in Private Controversies Particularly John Duke of Lorrain Son to Renee Duke of Anjou complained that the Pope had given the Investiture of the Kingdom of Naples to Ferdinand his Enemy Thus nothing was done to any purpose only a Verbal Decree was made for carrying on the War The Pope published a Bull in which contrary to his own Opinion at the Councel of Basil he ordains That none shall Appeal from the Pope to a General Councel Thus the Councel was dissolved the Eighth Month after the opening of it The Aragonian Ambassadors after the Councel broke up went away to Naples to Congratulate with the new King upon his Accession to that Crown InÌigo Lopez de Mendoça the Ambassador of Castile obtained of the Pope a Jubilee for all that gave certain Alms employed to build at Tendilla a Monastery of Friars of St. Isidorus of the Invocation of St. Ann. Mean while the City Guadalajara was taken from his Brother James de Mendoça he having possessed himself of it wrongfully John Fernandez Galindo a famous Officer surprized it with 600 Horse This the Nobles took for a new Cause of Discontent and combined against the King D. ââederick the Admiral heightned their Discontents He sollicited his Son-in-Law the King of Aragon to join with the Seditious Nobility and make War upon Castile With him joined the Archbishop of Toledo D. Peter Giron Master of Calatrava and the Families of Manrique and Mendoça Their Pretence was to reform the Government D. Alonso de Fonseca Archbishop of Sevil gave the King an Account of these Practices As a Reward for this good Service the Archbishoprick of Santiago vacant by the Death of D. Roderick de Luna was given to a Kinsman of his called also Alonso de Fonseca who was Dean of Sevil. D. Luis Osorio had then possessed himself of the Revenues of that Church confiding in the Power of his Father the Earl of Trastamara None but a Person of great Authority could reduce him and therefore the two Archbishops changed Sees by the King's Consent The Church of Pamplona upon the Death of D. Martin de Peralta was given to Cardinal Besarion a Greek but very Learned and of a godly Life The Troubles of Naples were the chief Thing that disturbed Pope Pius otherwise wholly bent upon the Holy War The War began again to break out betwixt John the Son of Renee and the new King Ferdinand most of the Neapolitan Nobility as given to Change favouring the House of Anjou The first that appeared in Arms was Anthony Centellas Marquis of Croton who having got his Liberty meditated Revenge but the King was too quick and again laid him in Prison Martin Marciano tho married to Ellenor the King's Sister headed the Rebels many joined with him among whom the chief were the Prince of Taranto Anthony Cardora and John Paul Duke of Sora. Francis Sforcia Duke of Milan being at the Councel of Mantua advised the Pope to enter into League with King Ferdinand for that the French being expelled Italy all Difficulties that obstructed the War with the Turks would be easily surmounted The Pope approved of this Councel but it was not easily to be put into Execution for that King Ferdinand was then besieged in Barletta a City of Apulia and knew not well how to defend himself The Pope would send him no Relief because the Enemy had secured all the Avenues by Land Therefore he sent to George Scanderbeg Prince of Epirus then a most Renowned General who understanding the Pope's Will sent before Coicus Strosius with 500 Albanian Horse and soon after gathering a good Fleet sailed to Ragusa and thence to Barleta Immediately upon his Arrival the Rebels raised the Siege King Ferdinand having joined the Succours sent him by the Pope and Duke of Milan overthrew his Enemies in Battel and soon recovered the Towns that held for them Scanderbeg having spent a Year in this Expedition returned home well satisfied with the King who gave him and his Heirs the City Trani and the Castles of St. John and Siponto After this he obtained several Victories over the Turks and died at the end of Seven Years leaving a Son called John under the Care of the Venetians Nevertheless he ordered him till he could recover his Principality to live at Naples upon what Estate that King had given him From him is descended the most Noble Family of the Castriots Marquisses of Civita de Santangelo in the Kingdom of Naples In Spain Charles Prince of Viana having obtained Pardon for himself and his Followers and the Promise of a competent Revenue for his Maintenance came from Majorca to Barcelona on the 22d of March 1460. It was proposed to marry him with Catherine Sister to the King of Portugal When the Match was as good as concluded the King of Castile took it off offering him his Sister Elizabeth with Assurance of obtaining what he desired of his Father with the Assistance of Castile Hereupon Prince Charles no farther thought of the Match with Portugal and the Princess Catherine went into the Monastery of S' Clare at Lisbon where she ended her Days at such time as it was designed to marry her to Edward IV.
November having never touched Woman tho 77 Years of Age. Of all the Brothers only D. Alonso the Bastard Duke of Bragança remained and he also died the next Year By his Wife Beatrix Daughter to the Constable NunÌo Pereira he had a Son called Ferdinand from whom are lineally descended the Dukes of Bragança in Portugal Prince Charles dying the Cause of Discord was taken away and yet the Effect ceased not Ferdinand Brother to the Deceased was immediately sworn Heir to the Crown first at Calatayud for Aragon and then at Barcelona for Catalonia Nevertheless the People took Arms the Nobility giving it out that the Prince was poisoned by his Mother-in-Law The chief Incendiary was F. John Gualves a Dominican who with seditious Sermons stirred up the People to Rebellion Barcelona being in an Uproar the Queen went away thence to Girona The King of Aragon perceiving the Danger that threatned sollicited foreign Princes particularly the King of France and Castile to assist him or at least that the latter would not offend him since Prince Charles was dead King Henry was at Madrid joyful that the Queen was with Child having caused her to be brought thither on Men's Shoulders that the Journey might not do her harm At the beginning of the Year 1462 she was delivered of a Daughter called Joanna who was immediately sworn Heiress of Castile The People believed her the Daughter of D. Beltran and the more because he was then created Earl of Ledesma Andrew de Cabera his great Friend was made Steward of the Houshold which was a step for him to attain vast Wealth The Count d' Armagnac was then at Court as Ambassador from the King of France to settle Peace The Archbishop of Toledo being reconciled to the King held the Supreme Power On the 23d of March the Aragonian Ambassadors at length concluded a Peace between Castile and Aragon and for Security Cautionary Towns were given to the King of Castile who put others into a Third hand to remain as Pledges on his part On the 12th of April the King of Aragon made a League with the King of France at Olite It was there agreed That the King of France should send the Aragonian 700 Men at Arms and 200000 Crowns for which the States of Cerdagne and Russillon were mortgaged to him the Revenues thereof not to be accounted any part of Payment To ratifie this Contract the Two Kings appointed an Interview at Salvatierra a Town in the Province of Bearne At the same time the Earl of Faux had the Lady Blanch Sister to Prince Charles and Heiress of Navarre delivered up to him notwithstanding her grievous Complaints of the Wrong done her She was confined to the Castle of Ortes in the Territory of Faux and there soon after poisoned Her Body was buried in the City Lascar Both the Kings of Castile and Aragon ratified the Peace concluded at Madrid On the 30th of May the Catalonians besieged the Queen of Aragon in Girona forced the City and had taken the Old Castle called Gironela where the Queen was but that the French Horse coming obliged them to quit that Design and the City The King of Aragon also hasted to the relief of his Wife and having worsted the Rebels in several Rencounters and taken many Towns encamped near Barcelona at last The Queen of Castile miscarried at Aranda with the Fright that her Hair took fire by the Sun shining through a Glass The Grief for this Loss was soon forgot by reason of the great Joy and Festivals at the Wedding of the Count de Ledesma with the younger Daughter of the Earl of Santillana at Guadalajara the King and Queen being present Thence the Queen went to Segovia and the King to Atiensa to Hunt Thither came a Gentleman called Copones from the Catalonians to offer him that Country provided he would support them The King accepting their Offer sent them 2500 Horse whose arrival in Catalonia animated the Multitude and they presently proclaimed King Henry Earl of Barcelona This News was very pleasing to the King of Castile but much more to hear that D. John de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia had taken Gibraltar from the Moors and the Master of Alcantara Archidona He ordered Gibraltar to be inserted among his Royal Titles Incursions were made into Valencia and Aragon and that Kingdom might have been subdued had King Henry been resolute Therefore the King of Aragon laboured to be reconciled with him To this effect the Admiral of France and that King 's Ambaslador came to Almaçan where King Henry was at the beginning of the Year 1463. He was splendidly entertained and in a Ball Danced with the Queen whereupon he swore never more to Dance with any Woman It was agreed the Kings of France and Castile should have a Conference and accordingly they met near Fuenterabia about the end of April The Castilians vied to outdo one another in rich Apparel whereas the French and particularly their King were very plain which caused the Castilians to jeer and reflect upon them The Spaniards passed the River Videsao some say by way of acknowledging the King of France to be the greater Our Historians say it was because all that River belongs to Spain and therefore King Henry being come to the High-water Mark on the further side side There were the Borders of Castile and France and that King Louis answered It is true Here the Judgment given by the King of France as Arbitrator between Castile and Aragon was read the Heads whereof were That the Castilians should quit Catalonia and Navarre That the City Estela and its Liberty should remain to King Henry and that the Queen of Aragon and her Daughter should remain at Raga in custody of the Archbishop of Toledo as Hostages for performance of Articles This Judgment offended all the Three Nations concerned and nothing more was effected at this Conference Philip de Comines a famous French Historian absolutely condemns this and all such Meetings of Kings as the Incentives of Emulation and Discord whereas all they can propose to do at an Interview may be as well settled by their Ambassadors without any Hazard or Discontent to either Party He relates how the Spaniards came over into France and were entertained by the King That King Henry had an unpleasing Countenance and his Garb was disagreeable to the French whereas the Spaniards attributed the Plainness of the French King's Habit to Covetousness He adds the only Fruit of this Meeting was Plots and Contrivances among the Nobility which at length proved the Ruin of King Henry whom he says he saw forsaken by his Subjects and reduced to Misery This Year on the 12th of November passed from this Life to a better the Holy F. James de Alcala in the Monastery of Franciscans at Alcala de Heneres built by D. Alonso Carrillo Archbishop of Toledo He was born at S. Nicholas in the Diocess of Sevill His Life and the Miracles he
D. John de ZunÌiga Master of Alcantara to resign up that Dignity to him and in lieu of it to accept of the Archbishoprick of Sevil. Thus the King became Master of those Three Orders for his Life and Pope Alexander joined with him Queen Elizabeth appointing her to Inherit those Dignities after his death Lastly Pope Adrian some Years after to oblige his Schollar Charles the Emperor granted to him and his Heirs the Presentation of all the Bishops in Spain which before the Kings had only liberty to recommend by way of Suit He also assigned him the Administration of the Three Military Orders for ever To this last Master of Alcantara who was afterwards a Cardinal The Master Antony de Nebriga dedicated his Dictionary This was a Man worthy of Immortal Fame and to have his Name Recorded in the History of Spain as well because he laid the Foundation of all the Learning of the Latin Tongue there as for the many Books he writ fraught with good Doctrine and Learning Among his other Works he composed the Histories of the Wars of Granada and that of Navarre which hapned some Years after true it is in those Works there appears more of his diligence and sincerity than elegancy At the same time that the Marquess of Cadiz and Master of Santiago died Henry de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia and D. Peter Enriquez Lieutenant of Andaluzia departed this Life D. John his Son succeeded the Duke Not long before Peter Hernandez de Velasco the Constable dying Bernardin de Velasco his Son succeeded him and Married the Lady Joanna de Aragon King Ferdinand's Bastard Daughter Nothing hapned about this time more remarkable or that put Italy and the most part of Europe into a greater confusion than the famous War in Naples undertaken by Charles the VIII King of France as has been before hinted To speak of this War let us recollect what has been in other places said of the Original Causes of it Pope Urban the VI. caused Charles Prince of Durazzo to come out of Hungary to oppose him against Joanna Queen of Naples who had favoured the Election of Clement the VII his Competitor whereby the Peace of the Church was much disturbed She called to her assistance Luis Duke of Anjou younger Son to the King of France and adopted him her Son and Heir to that Kingdom This Luis had a Son of his own Name who made War upon Ladislaus Son to Charles and King of Naples but his success was no better than his Father's for both were unfortunate in that War Luis the Grandson was called by Pope Martin the V. against Joanna the younger Queen of Naples and Sister to Ladislaus This Luis expelled Alonso King of Aragon whom the said Joanna had adopted and afterwards cast off Renee his Brother succeeded Luis with him King Alonso was long at War and at last forced him to return into France John Duke of Lorrain was Son to this Renée and in the Barons War much distressed King Fredcrick of Naples and afterwards headed the Catalonians in Rebellion against King John He dying at Barcelona as has been said Charles Nephew to Renèe his Brother's Son Inherited his Possessions This Charles in his Will constituted Luis the XI King of France his Heir believing Renée Duke of Lorrain his own Nephew could not be able to withstand the power of the Aragonians This was the original Cause of the War in Naples Another secondary Cause was added in this manner Galleazzo Duke of Milan being Murdered by his Subjects Luis Sforcia his Brother took upon him the Government of that Dukedom under colour of the Minority of John Galleazzo Son to the deceased Luis Sforcia had to Wife Beatrix Sister to to Hercules Duke of Ferrara Also Alonso Duke of Calabria Son to the King of Naples was Married to Hippolita Sister to Luis Sforcia by whom he had Ferdinand and Elizabeth Ferdinand was King of Naples after his Grandfather and Father Elizabeth was Married to John Galeazzo the true Duke of Milan This Lady seeing her Husband excluded tho' he had Two Children by her perswaded her Father to restore her Husband to the Inheritance left him by his Ancestors Luis Sforcia perceiving what a Storm threatned him from Naples invited Charles the VIII King of France to Invade that Kingdom which he said of right appertained to him Many Men of Note of his own Subjects encouraged the King to undertake this Enterprize as also some Barons of Naples Banished by King Ferdinand Philip de Comines says those Noblemen were well received at first yet such was their entertainment that necessity drove them to have recourse to King Ferdinand who had a better-Title to that Crown than the Possessors who were of the Bastard Line Yet the King perceiving those Lords only sought their own ends and would consequently follow him that came first thought not fit to engage in that War and only endeavoured to disswade the French from it By this time they were so far ingagaged there was no going back Both Parties sought to strengthen themselves with Alliances The French and Milaneses joyned in League with all the States of Italy except the Florentines who at first favoured the Aragonians and the Venetians who chose rather to stand neuter than favour either side Pope Alexander tho' at first he appeared averse from the Kings of Naples at last upon promise that his Sons should have possessions given them in that Kingdom and that a yearly Pension should be paid to him he resolved to stand by those who had obliged him The King of Naples ceased not to provide for the War and make all the Friends he could Particularly he sent an Ambassador into Spain to press the King to make War upon France He urged their near Kindred as being Cousin-germans and Brothers in-Law and put King Ferdinand in mind of the danger of Sicily in Case the French became Masters of Naples All this moved not King Ferdinand to break with France only he sent Garcilasso de la Vega to the Pope to confirm him in his resolution of protecting the King of Naples and D. Alonso de Silva brother to the Earl of Cifuentes was sent to France to disswade that King from the Enterprize he had in hand and in case he would not desist declare to him that King Ferdinand could not forsake his kinsman and Ally This hapned at the beginning of the Year 1494 when King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth having till then staid in Aragon went away from Zaragoça to Tordesillas thence to Valladolid and so to Medina del Campo There they received advice that Ferdinand King of Naples was departed this Life He died on the 25th of January of a great Age and in care for the War then in Hand Unfortunate on the one side for leaving his Affairs in so ill a Posture the chief cause whereof was his austere Temper Happy on the other side that he lived not to see the Ruin of that his
that vast Ocean to refresh the Seamen with its Fruit Fish and Flesh tho' scarce Inhabited being but Four Leagues in length and so far from any Land Thence by the way of the Islands Terceras the Ships generally return to Lisbon in August or September The End of the 26th BOOK The History of SPAIN BOOK XXVII CHAP. I. The Death of the Prince of Castile Of Charles VIII King of France Matches of Two Daughters of Spain The Prince of Salerno expelled Naples France and Spain agree Hierome Savonarola burnt at Florence THE Affairs of Spain at one and the same time prospered in Italy and within Spain had a mixture of Felicity and Adversity Two Matches for as many of King Ferdinand's Daughters were concluded that is of the Princess Catherine with Arthur Prince of Wales and Heir to Henry VII King of England and of the Princess Elizabeth with Emanuel King of Portugal These Marriages were of great Importance because together with those of the House of Austria they bound such Mighty Princes to the Interest of Spain The Match with England was fully concluded upon the 15 of August 1497. To forward the Marriage with Portugal D. John Manuel that King's Foster-Brother came to Castile It was agreed that King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth should carry the Princess their Daughter to the Borders of Portugal where King Emanuel should meet them to consummate the Marriage upon the last Day of September Ceclamin was at first the Place appointed to meet but that Town wanting Conveniencies they spent three Days together at Valencia de Alcantara Their Joy was much abated by the News of the Indisposition of Prince John who died the 13 day after he was taken ill at Salamanca on the 4th of October to the great Loss and Grief of the whole Kingdom He left the Princess with Child but that availed little for in a short time after she miscarried The Prince's Body was carried to Avila to be buried in the famous Dominican Monastery of S. Thomas This dismal News came to Alcantara whilst yet the Rejoycing for the Wedding lasted but after King Ferdinand was gone King Emanuel begged of the Queen his Mother-in-Law not to let the Queen his Wife know any thing of it and so went away with her to Ebora There she was at last acquainted with the Death of the Prince her Brother She resented it as became a loving Sister but his Parents bore their Loss with great Magnanimity The Kingdom of Naples was not yet peaceable because the Prince of Salerno and his Party mistrusting the King fortified their Towns and Castles The first Demonstration that Prince gave of his Ill-will was That tho' he appeared when King Frederick was Proclaimed at Naples yet he would not be present at his Coronation under colour of Poverty However the Prince of Basiniano came to Court the day following to excuse himself and intercede for him of Salerno No means of Peace prevailed and the King was forced to march with his Army and besiege him in his strong Town of Diano Gonçalo Fernandez was now about returning to Spain as reckoning the War of Naples at an end To this purpose he had gone into Calabria thence to Sicily and now came to Naples to take his Leave of the King and Queen They pressed him to aid them in that Siege because the Defendants were numerous and the King's Party favoured them The Great Captain gathered 500 Spaniards and the King furnishing him 500 Germans he so straitned the Besieged tho' with much danger of his Person that the Prince was forced to surrender It was agreed That the Prince with all such as would follow him might safely depart the Kingdom with their Goods That all the Towns and Forts belonging to the Prince should be delivered up to the King he paying for the Cannon and Provisions in them Thus Diano was surrendered upon the 28th of December and the Prince put himself into the hands of the Duke of Melfi to be conducted to Sangalla a City in Marca de Ancona which sided with the King of France The Earls of Conça and Lauria his Confederates bore him Company He of Capacho being very old put himself upon the King's Mercy This same Year in Autumn D. John de Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia sent a Fleet over to Africk to People Melilla which is opposite to Almeria and had been abandoned by the Moors In recompence for the Charge he had been at that Town was given to the Duke and his Heirs for ever The Xeque or Lord of Gelves who was in Rebellion aginst the King of Tunez his Sovereign to secure himself under the Christian Protection delivered up that Island and Port to the Catholick King and in his Name to John de Lanuça then Viceroy of Sicily Captain Margarit was left with the Spanish Forces to secure that Island A solemn Embassie from France now met the King at Alcala de Henares The Proposals made were That the Two Kings with their joint Forces should invade Italy That as to the Kingdom of Naples the Catholick King should possess Calabria till such time as the French King in exchange should give him the Kingdom of Navarre and 30000 Ducats yearly for what it was worth above that Kingdom That the States of Milan and Genoa should belong to the French and all the rest of Italy be equally divided betwixt them The Catholick King was not averse from the Business of Naples but as for the rest of Italy would not be concerned without advertising the Empire who had so great a Right to it At last it was resolved King Ferdinand should send Ambassadors to France to prosecute this Treaty At this time all the Monasteries of Castile were reduced to the strict Observance of their Orders which the Dominicans Augustins and Carmelites easily condescended to The Franciscans at first made some resistance According to Agreement the King sent Ferdinand Duke of Estrada and Two others his Ambassadors to conclude a Peace with France At the same time it was believed the French King resolved to invade Roussillon but Death prevented his Designs He departed this Life at Amboise on the 17th of April 1498. The Duke of Orleans called Luis XII succeeded him At Blois where the New King was and afterwards at Orleans the Treaty of Peace was carried on that King always giving good Words and fair Promises only to gain time till he was settled in the Kingdom and could be divorced from his present Wife Sister to the late King in order to marry the Dutchess of Britany who since the death of the late King her Husband was for returning into her own Country He at last compassed his ends and had by that Dutchess two Daughters only the Eldest of which was married to Francis the Heir of that Crown Before the death of King Charles it was proposed that Caesar Borgia should resign his Cardinal's Cap to which purpose that King promised him an Estate in
driven till our Men came to a plain where the Enemy left their Goods Wives and Children This Place the Infidels soon quitted and the Christians fell to plunder which an old valiant Moor perceiving he encouraged the rest who soon rallied and gave a fresh Charge upon the Christians Here D. Alonso de Aguilar and above 200 of his Men were killed His Son D. Peter de Cordova with much difficulty was brought off to the Earl of UrenÌa who made good his Ground The Earl of Cifuentes made a halt somewhat lower and there staying those that fled stood the Enemy till towards Morning they drew back to the top of the Mountain The King who was then at Ronda sent the Duke of Najara against Daydin and ordered the Earls of UrenÌa and Cifuentes to make show as if they would mount the same way they attempted before The Moors perceiving they were lost Men offered to submit It was agreed that such as would might have liberty to be transported to Africk paying Ten doubles a Head all that would stay should turn Christians Many went over to Barbary many more stayed and were Baptized yet were no better than those that went away Thus that War which had much alarmed all Spain was concluded The death of D. Alonso de Aguilar hapned the ensuing Year Let us return to what we left behind in point of time CHAP. III. The Birth of the Emperor Charles the V. The French possess themselves of the State of Milan and take the Duke and his Brother the Cardinal The Great Year of Jubilee 1500 The League betwixt France and Spain Cefalonia taken from the Turks AT the same time that the Moors of the Mountains Alpujarras were in Rebellion King Ferdinand had ordered a Fleet to be Rigged with all speed to be Commanded by the Great Captain in favour of the Venetians and against the Turks who threatned Italy It was given out that the Duke of Milan and King of Naples had brought them to their assistance against their Enemies Duke Valentin with Forces brought out of France made War in Romania as General of the Church against several who had possessed themselves of Towns in that Territory He took Imola and Fori the Countess whereof he made Prisoner His chief design was against the Lord of Pesaro who had Married his Sister who understanding his own danger having Garrisoned the City absented himself Luis Sforcia solicited the Emperor and Princes of Germany to assist him in recovering his Dominions He raised Men among the Swissers and Grisons and sending his Brother the Cardinal Ascanius before with them all Places he came to submitted to him The People of Milan drove their Governor into the Castle whence he was forced the 3d day to fly towards Pavia That same day the Cardinal entred Milan and after him the Duke with great Joy of the People tho' still the Castle was held by the French Pavia Lodi Pertona and Plasencia did the same The main of the French Army Rendezvouzed at Novaro in order to oppose the Duke Thither repaired the French Forces that had been with Duke Valentin he thereupon returning to Rome where nothing was done by the Pope without his advice At Ghent in Flanders the Princess Joenna Wife to the Archduke was brought to Bed of her Son Charles on the day of St. Mathias This is he to whom Heaven had Decreed so mighty an Empire as afterwards was subject to his Command Eight days after his Birth the Princess Margaret came to Ghent and was his Godmother with the Dutchess Margaret 2d Wife to Duke Charles The young Prince was Created Duke of Luxemburg whereas before the Eldest Sons of the Dukes of Burgundy were called Earls of Charalois The News of his Birth wasreceived with great Joy in Spain and the Catholick Queen said The Lot has fallen upon Mathias alluding to the day he was Born upon and considering the weakness of Prince Michael who died soon after at Granada after whose death the Archduke and his Wife were Princes of Castile and Aragon After the Return of Vasco de Gama from India Peter Alverez Cabral was sent on the 8th of March with a Fleet of 13 Sail to continue that Enterprize By the way he Discovered Brasil was at first well received at Calicut but afterwards came to Blows with that People The War continued in Lombardy and the Duke by degrees recovered all he had lost He made himself Master of Alexandria and Novaro and being desirous to put an end to the War drew out of the City with all his Forces which were about 16000 Swissers and Germans Both Armies being ready to Engage his Swissers refused to Fight against the French and their Countrymen who served on their side whereupon he retired to the City in hopes to perswade them to Fight But they had before sold and now delivered him up to the French who sent him to France where he died in Prison This sad News being brought to Cardinal Ascanius his Brother who lay before the Castle of Milan he went away with 500 Horse towards Placencia Charles Ursinus who Commanded some Troops of the Venetians met defeated and took him Prisoner After the Venetians had kept him some time they delivered him to the King of France who secured him in Prison at Bourges and some Years after set him at liberty Maximilian and Francis the Dukes Sons were at the Emperor's Court which saved them from being involved in the Ruin of their Family The French without any Opposition possessed themselves of all the Dukedom The Cardinal of Roan resided at Milan to gain whom the Pope made him Legate of France excepting Britany for the space of a Year and a half The King of Castile was jealous of the King of Navarre because he shewed much affection towards the French wherefore not content with the Ingagements the Governors of Towns were obliged to make to him the Towns of Sanguessa and Viana had been put into a third Hand by way of pledge for five Years That Time being expired the King of Navarre demanded the Restitution of them and the Catholick King delayed it To end all Controversies the King of Navarre came himself in April to Sevil where the Catholick King and Queen were All things were there adjusted and the Towns restored The Count de Lerin then a Banished Man in Castile was restored to most of his Eastate and to the Office of Constable which he had before to the great Offence of D. Alonso Peralta Earl of Santistevan from whom that Honour was then taken without any Demerit of his or any Recompence made him This 't was feared might occasion new Troubles For Security of the Agreement betwixt the Two Kings the King of Navarre left his Daughter the Princess Magdalen to be bred up in the Court of the Catholick King as a Pledge of his real Friendship This was now the great Year of Jubilee in which multitudes of People from all Parts of
now to be equal in Command to the Great Captain With him went 300 Men at Arms 400 light Horse and 3000 Foot Laurence Suarez de Figueroa was sent Ambassador to the Venetians to conclude a League with them and to promise them Assistance towards conquering of Milan or Abruzzo which Provinces they were covetous to be Masters of The Cortes were opened at Zaragoça on the day appointed where the King proposed since Prince Michael was dead that the Archduke and the Princess his Wife should be Sworn Heirs He also demanded Supplies for the War in Naples as appertaining to that Crown All he demanded was granted On the 27th of October the Archduke and Princess had Homage done to them and were Sworn Heirs to the Crown with the Solemnity and Ceremony usual among the Aragonians Thus the Princess Joanna was the first Woman till that time ever Sworn Heiress to that Crown for Queen Petronila who inherited before was admitted Queen without being Sworn Princess which was not then used Soon after the Archduke set out for Madrid and the Princess followed the King bearing her Company He left his Sister the Queen of Naples to preside in the Cortes of Aragon She came from Granada having given out she would go over into Italy and was now during her stay in Aragon appointed Governess of that Kingdom which Place was before held by D. Alonso de Aragon Archbishop of Zaragoça the Catholick King 's Bastard Son The Archduke had little Inclination to stay in Spain and his Servants much less by whom he was entirely governed His Pretence to be gone was That at his coming thence Flanders was unprovided of an Army and might now suffer on account of the Breach betwixt France and Spain The King and Queen laboured to stay him chiefly because the Princess was far gone with Child Nothing could perswade him to stay or not to go through France He said he would be the Instrument to settle a Peace because that King had proposed the Kingdom should be restored to King Frederick upon Condition he should pay Tribute for the same or otherwise That both Kings should resign up their Right he of Spain to Charles his Grandson and he of France to his Daughter Claudia as her Portion and for concluding the Match betwixt those two young Princes All this was only looked upon as a Practice to amuse the Catholick King the easier to gain some Advantage upon him In fine the Archduke set out from Madrid leaving the Princess with her Parents he took his way through Aragon Catalonia and Perpignan There he received the King of France his Pass with which he Travelled to Lions where that King then was with the Cardinal of Roan the Pope's Legate But this was about the End of this year and the Beginning of the next Let us return to the War of Naples Now the War began to spread through all the Kingdom of Naples but the great stress of it fell upon Apulia and Calabria There the Princes of Salerno Bisignano and Rosano and the Earl of Melito stood strongly for the French In this Province they resolved to apply their main Force The Sieur de Alegre was left in Capitanata with 300 Lances The Sieur de la Palisse at Bari with 300. Horse and 1000 Foot in Basilicata Luis de Arsi with 400. Lances and some Foot The Duke of Nemour's Design was to go to Calabria with 200 Horse and 1000 Foot and that the Lord of Aubigni should stay at EspinÌacola 24 miles from Barleta with all the rest of the Army The Lord of Aubigni pressed to be sent to Calabria because he aspired to the Dukedom of Terra Nova granted to the Great Captain by the Catholick King To end this Dispute they agreed to march both towards Calabria However the Lord of Aubigni went first to Bari with 150 Horse and 1000 Foot The Duke of Nemours having given out he marched for Calabria turned short upon Taranto By the way he took Matera and Castellaneta and defeated the Earl of Matera and Bishop of Mazara whom he found at Matera with some Forces This done he sate down before Taranto hoping to have found the Duke of Calabria there but he was gone to Sicily nine days before Some Spanish Troops made such a furious Sally out of Taranto that they forced the Enemy to remove their Camp to a strong House 22 Miles from the City designing to return into the Territory of Bari there to join the Sieur d' Aubigni and make themselves Masters of Bitonto or else march into Calabria It hapned that the French who lay in Basilicata and were the Strength of the Army sent a Trumpeter to Barleta directed to D. James de Mendoça to Challenge Eleven Spaniards to Fight a like number of them the day following The place appointed was between Barleta and Viseli The Condition of the Challenge was That those who were overcome should remain Prisoners to the Victors The Commander tho the time was short accepted of the Challenge Eleven were chosen and among them the famous James Garcia de Paredes who did singular good Service in this War coming over about the beginning of it as Colonel of 600 Men. Next day in the morning they made themselves ready and the great Captain before many Gentlemen encouraged them affirming they could not return unless it were Victorious They all promised to lose their Lives rather than forseit the least Point of their Honour With them went four Trumpets and two Pages They entred the Lists an hour before their Adversaries The Fight was obstinate the Event that one of the French was killed another taken and Nine wounded the like number of Horses killed Of the Spaniards One was taken Two wounded and Three Horses killed The Dispute lasted till Night and the Spaniards could not overcome the French who were a-foot because they maintained themselves amidst the dead Horses Thus tho the French sustained most loss neither Party could be said to be Victorious This much offended the great Captain who would not have had the Spaniards quit the Field till they had vanquished the French At the same time the King of France to forward the War in Naples resolved to go himself into Italy but stayed in Lombardy This was also the Design of the Catholick King when he went to Zaragoça considering what great things had been done by his Ancestors in Sicily Sardinia and Naples which had never been performed by their Generals However he resolved to take Advice of the Nobility who all except one Bishop disswaded his exposing himself The Great Captain by Letter seconded them and gave mighty Assurances of speedy Success a thing not approved of by great Generals who ought rather always to be dubious never undervaluing the Forces of the Enemy or confiding so much in their own Strength The Rumour of Warlike preparations at that time on the Frontiers of France would not permit the King to absent himself Whilst the Archduke was sworn
Enemy to the French D. Alonso the famous Marquess of Pescara was Son to this Marquess and Inherited that Title of his Cousin Ferdinand who died without Issue The Marquess declared for Spain in Ischia upon Easter-day About the same time the Commendary Aguilera landed at Cotron 300 Men sent by the Spanish Ambassador at Rome The Commendary Gomez de Solis relieved the Castle of Cosenza and entred the City by force driving out the Earl of Melito who was in it with Four times his Number A dispute arose betwixt the French and Spaniards about the Prisoners taken at Rubo It was agreed that Horsemen taken Prisoners should lose their Horse and Arms and be Ransomed for a Quarters pay The French had taken Theodorus Bolala Captain of the Albaneses James de Vera who had the Command of the Artillery and Escalada a Spanish Captain of Foot with about 30 others They released all as had been agreed except those Three pleading that being Officers they were not within the benefit of the Cartel Yet now they would have all the Prisoners taken at Rubo Ransomed like private Men without considering that many of them were Gentlemen and Commanders The Great Captain was informed that according to the Custom of Naples in relation to the Cartel for Horsemen to be Ransomed for their Quarters pay it did not extend to such as were taken in pitched Battle or a Town taken by Storm All the old Soldiers being of this Opinion he answered the French accordingly and the Prisoners were reserved to Ransom themselves according to their ability or as they could agree with those that took them But the main design was to detain them that they might not be serviceable to the Duke of Nemours in the Battle which as things then stood it was believed must soon be fought CHAP. IX The Peace Concluded by the Archduke with France It takes no effect Succours from Spain arrive at Naples The Lord Aubigni defeated and taken AT such time as the Archduke was departing from Madrid he pressed the King his Father in-Law to let him understand his ultimate Resolution as to a Peace with France and give him Commission to Treat in case that King could be brought to any reasonable Terms At first the Catholick King would not consent suspecting the Archduke and his followers to be too well affected to the French and fearing to discourage his Friends in Italy if they heard he was upon Treating with France Nevertheless such Instance was made by the Archduke that he gave him a Commission with a very limited Instruction which he promised not to exceed and afterwards by F. Bernard Boil Abbot of S. Michael de la Cuxa sent him new Instructions and a larger Commission yet so that he should let no body know he carried that Commission but the Archduke who should swear not to reveal it and if he followed not the Instruction he should not give him the Commission till farther Orders The Archduke came to Lions at such time as the War was carried on in Apulia and Calabria as has been said and the Princess at Alcalà de Henares was delivered of a Son called Ferdinand being Baptized by the Archbishop of Toledo and the Duke of Najara and Marquess of Villena being Godfathers At Lions was the King the Pope's Legate and the Cardinal of Roan They began to Treat but not according to the Instructions The Abbot put the Archduke in mind they ought to proceed no farther without acquainting the King He was not allowed to send an Express but on the contrary was put to such a Nonplus being in the power of the French and his own People advising him not to regard the Instructions that he consented to what they pleased It was believed the French had bribed his followers The substance of the Agreement was that one of these Two Methods should be taken either the Catholick King should resign up his Part to his Grandson Prince Charles and the King of France his to his Daughter Claudia these Two young Princes being Contracted and that till such time as they were Married the Catholick Kings Part should be put into the Hands of the Archduke and the other to remain in the power of the French Or else that both French and Spaniards should possess each their own Part and Capitanata about which was the strife should be delivered in Trust to a Third Person These Conditions were extravagant for by the first the Spaniards were to lose what they held and the French were left in possession and the latter left the whole Dispute still undecided Mean while the Catholick King returned to Zaragoça to break up the Cortes that Sate still They agreed to furnish 200 Men at Arms and 300 light Horse at their own charge for Three Years both the Men and Officers to be Natives of the Kingdom These Men were soon raised and ordered to march to Russillon to oppose the French if they should attempt any thing on that side because the Marschal of Britany Captain General of France the Sieur de Dunois and the Grand Escuyer were marching with Forces towards Carcassonne Hereupon the King ordered his Forces to draw near to Figueras and D. Sanch de Castilla General of Russillon put all Places there in a Posture of Defence The King intending to be near the Frontiers came to Poblete where he had Intelligence from the Abbot Boil how the Archduke was pressed to come to Agreement contrary to his Instructions Orders were sent him by the King how to proceed All this availed nothing for the Peace was Proclaimed and the Archduke sent John Edin his Harbinger and the King of France Edward Bollotte of his Bedchamber to give notice of it to the Great Captain and Duke of Nemours that all Hostilities might Cease This done the Archduke departed towards Savoy to see his Sister the Lady Margaret with whom and the Duke of Savoy he stayed the Easter-Holidays John Edin and Edward Bollotte speeded on their Journey through Rome giving out the Peace was concluded They came to Barleta at such time as both Parties were preparing to come to a Battle particularly the Great Captain after 2500 Germans whom he had long expected came down the Gulph of Venice and joined him John Edin gave him the Archduke's Letter requiring him to cease from any farther Acts of Hostility but he was already advertized by the King of the Archdukes going into France and Commanded not to obey any Order of his unless Confirmed by his Majesty Therefore he answered those Orders could not be regarded till the King were acquainted with them and that Policy should not avail the French for he knew his Duty and would himself carry the Answer to the Duke of Nemours He was as good as his Word The Catholick King would not agree to this Peace but to satisfie the World proposed the restoring of King Frederick The King of France would not hear the Ambassador sent to this effect but turned him away with
seized whereupon he went over to the other Party The Spanish Soldiers who according to the King's Order were to be dismissed tho' it was given out they should be sent to the Conquest of Gelves mutinied and much perplexed the Great Captain Yet he appeased and sent them to Spain as he was ordered The Emperor and King Philip met to ratifie the Treaty concluded with the King of France from whom came also the Cardinal of Amboise who took the Oath and did Homage to the Emperor in the Name of the King his Master for the Investiture of Milan granted to him and his Heirs Males and for want of them it was to devolve to his Daughter Claudia and Charles her Husband Yet in case that Marriage were disappointed through the King of France's means then that Dukedom should again fall to the House of Austria It was also declared that Investiture was given saving always a better Title which afterwards the Sons of Sforcia pleaded for recovery of that Dukedom On account of the first of these Conditions Prince Charles when Emperor pretended that Dominion appertained to him but then the King of France was to be repaid the 200000 Livres he gave for the Investiture Nothing was concluded concerning the Kingdom of Naples but the Marriage of Prince Charles and the Princess Claudia being confirmed it was supposed to be designed for her Dowry as had been before agreed These things perplexed the Catholick King who therefore contrived how to gain the King of France and secure himself on that side He thought the best way was to marry Germana de Foix that King's Niece F. John de Enguerra of the Order of S. Bernard and Inquisitor in Catalonia was sent to propose this Match This was so pleasing to the King of France that he resigned over the Kingdom of Naples to his Niece and her Heirs On the other side the Catholick King consented That in case he had no Issue by her that Kingdom should devolve to the King of France and his Heirs Besides he engaged to pay him 500000 Ducats within the space of 10 Years He also promised to restore the Barons of the French Faction which was hard to be done All the Prisoners the Great Captain had were also to be set at liberty and namely the Prince of Rosano and Marquess de Bitonto Only Duke Valentine and the Earl of Pallas were excepted On these Terms the King of France promised to aid the Catholick King against the Emperour and his Son in case they attempted to remove him from the Government of Castile Guicciardin adds That the Catholick King engaged to assist Gaston de Foix his Brother-in Law to conquer the Kingdom of Navarre to which he pretended to have Right As also That the King of France should send the Queen-Dowager of Naples with her Children into Spain and if she would not go then to order her to depart his Dominions All these Articles were agreed upon this Summer and on the 25th of August D. John de Sylva Earl of Cifuentes and Micer Thomas Malferit were sent from Segovia to France with the former Ambassador F. John d' Enguerra to Sign them They had also Orders to release the Prisoners at Naples and to secure the return of those that were banished It was also proposed to Robert de Sanseverino Prince of Salerno and Head of the Banished Barons to marry the Lady Marina d' Aragon Daughter to D. Alonso d' Aragon Duke of Villahermosa and Earl of Ribagorça which was so pleasing to the King of France that he endeavoured to hinder King Philip from going into Spain sending his Secretary to require him not to undertake that Journey till the Differences betwixt him and his Father-in Law were adjusted To make the surer of him he encouraged the Duke of Guelders to prosecute the War against him with a greater Power This Treaty put the Kingdom of Naples into an Uproar and those Barons who were possessed of the Lands of them that were fled combined to stand by one another Prosper Colona went to Rome and offered the Pope to conquer that Kingdom for him provided the King of France would quit his Claim The Nobility of Castile were no less disgusted it being reported That Queen Elizabeth before she died obliged King Ferdinand to swear he would never marry before she committed to him the Government of the Kingdom Some blamed the Great Captain because he did not declare for King Philip since that Match of King Ferdinand cut off Prince Charles from Inheriting the Kingdom of Naples whether the King had Issue or not King Philip was not a little offended to have the Kingdom of Naples absolutely disposed of from him and the Crown of Aragon left disputable if King Ferdinand should have a Son The Catholick King to prevent further Misunderstandings sent D. Peter Ayala the Protonotary who had been before Ambassador in England to Flanders that he with Gutierre Gomez de Fuensalida his Ambassador there should acquaint King Philip with the Treaty concluded and endeavour the Enlargement of Lope de Conchillos kept close Prisoner at Vilvorde As to the Marriage King Philip in general Terms answered He rejoiced at it that King Ferdinand was free and might marry where he pleased For what concerned Lope de Conchillos he said he was his Servant and received Wages from him and therefore having imprisoned him for his Demerits he did not design to release him Still the Venetians looked on without perceiving how great a Storm threatned them True it is they compounded with the Pope retaining Faença and Arimino and restoring what they had in the Earldoms of Imola and Sessena On these Terms they took into their protection the Duke of Urbino and the Prefect of Rome the Pope's Nephew whom the Duke had adopted and to the intent he might inherit the Dukedom given him to Wife the Daughter of the Marquess of Mantua his Brother-in-Law Advice was given to the Great Captain of the Peace concluded with the King of France and he ordered to come to Spain the Archbishop of Zaragoça being privately appointed Viceroy of Naples The Great Captain expressed Joy for the Peace and caused it to be proclaimed at Naples and as to his departure answered it should be very speedily but still he found Excuses to delay it which encreased the Jealousie before conceived of him and furnished much matter of Discourse tho' he sent his Secretary John Lopez de Vergara to justifie him CHAP. VII Mazalquivir in Africk taken from the Moors The Nobility of Spain divided for and against King Philip The Agreement made betwixt the Two Kings Ferdinand and Philip The latter in England THE Archbishop of Toledo never forsook the Catholick King but upon all occasions stood by him with extraordinary Fidelity and was a great Check to many disaffected Persons This Prelate was a Man of a mighty Spirit and more Generous than might have been expected of his mean Education He often pressed the
to secure Prince Charles in the Succession all Places of Strength should be put into the Emperor's hands That some Children of the Nobility should be sent to Flanders to he bred with Prince Charles and Security given that none should suffer for having taken part with King Philip. That the Investiture of Naples should be obtained in such manner as might not be prejudicial to Prince Charles The Catholick King not approving of these Conditions prepared to depart notwithstanding the Emperor required him not to stir till all differences were agreed Nevertheless King Ferdinand being resolved to return to Spain sent Bernard Dezpuch Master of Montesa Antony Augustino and Hierome Vic his Ambassadors to do Homage to the Pope which was done on the 30th of April and at the same time an offer made of all the King's Forces for the Service of the Church The Pope was well pleased and in Token of his Affection sent the golden Rose that is blessed on Christmas Night to the King He also offered the Great Captain to make him General of the Forces of the Church which Employment the Venetians also offered him in their Service but the King prevented him from accepting either by promising again to make him Master of the Order of Santiago That it might not be thought an empty Promise the King had given Orders to his Ambassador Antony Augustino to obtain leave of the Pope to resign that Dignity into the hands of the Archbishops of Toledo and Sevil and the Bishop of Palencia that with the Pope's Commission they might confer it upon the Great Captain The Pope was willing the Great Captain should have that Dignity but would not agree to the Commission as a lessening of his own Authority Hereupon the business was delayed which made it all to be looked upon as an Artifice of the King 's to draw the great Captain out of Italy He was then Duke of Sessa and Terranova and Constable of Naples King Ferdinand being desirous to alter the late Capitulation with France touching the Inheritance of the Kingdom of Naples in case Queen Germana had no Issue promised to assist the Cardinal d' Amboise towards obtaining the Papacy if he would prevail with the King of France to quit his pretensions to that Crown It was indeed but reasonable since the King of France obstructed the Marriage of Prince Charles with his Daughter Claudia and thereby cut him off the Inheritance of Britany and Milan that he should make him amends by quitting all Claim to Naples The King of France would not hearken to this being offended the Nobility at Naples had taken the Oath of Fidelity to Queen Joanna without making mention of Queen Germana contrary to the express Articles sworn to by the Catholick King It was very requisite the Catholick King should hasten his Return to Spain but the Affairs of Naples detained him He pressed the Pope to grant him the Investiture of Naples which the Pope at last was willing to grant upon condition he would recover for him the Cities of Faença and Arimino taken by the Venetians This being a thing could not be presently done the King resolved to depart To oblige the great Captain the more he caused a publick Instrument to be made in vindication of his Loyalty Copies whereof were sent to all Princes John de Lanuça Viceroy of Sicily was come to Naples him he resolved to leave with the same character in that Kingdom But both he and his Son dying before the King embarqued he gave that Command to his Nephew D. John de Aragon Earl of Ribagorça and sent D. Raymund de Cardona to Sicily with the Title of Lievtenant General The Viceroy was commanded not to disoblige the Coloneses and Ursini and Bartholomew de Albiano having submitted himself to the King was restored to his Estate Besides the ordinary Forces 200 Gentlemen were appointed to do Duty at Court and 150 Duccats pay allowed each of them Philip Ferreras was sent Ambassadour to Venice to assure that State which was jealous of the Kings designs All things being thus ordered the King set fail on the 4th of June with 16 Galleys Eight days before the Ships set out under the Command of the Earl Peter Navarro At this time the Kingdom of Portugal was in a most flourishing condition and famous throughout the World for the valour and prudence of its King On the 5th of June the Queen was deliver'd at Lisbon of a Son called Ferdinand who died in the flower of his Age. Some Noblemen of Castile and particularly the Marquess de Villena would have committed the Government of Castile to the King of Portugal to exclude King Ferdinand He thought not good to hazard any thing upon the promises of so few tho at the same time he was willing to have had a hand in the Government of Castile that he might marry his Children to those of Queen Joanna and make use of the Forces of that Crown for advancing his Conquests in India and Africk or at least have conveyed that Power to the Emperour The King of Navarre also offered the Emperour passage through his Kingdom being jealous if the Catholick King grew so powerful he would never desist till he had deprived him of his Crown The Nobility of the Emperor's Faction pressed him to come over and it is certain he had possitively resolved to take a journey into Spain CHAP. IV. The King of France enters Italy with an Army to reduce Genoa has an Interview with King Ferdinand who returns to Castile The Spaniards defeated in Africk The Emperor offended at King Ferdinand The King of France was now in Italy whither he came with a great Army to reduce the Genoeses who had mutiny'd against the Nobility beaten down the French Arms and chosen for their Duke one Paul de Nobe a Silk-Dyer It was agreed that as the Catholick King returned to Spain he should meet the King of France at Savona Bad Weather detained the Galleys some time at Gaeta and upon the Coast of Rome and Tuscany On the 26th of June the Catholick King came to Genoa where Gaston de Foix Lord of Narbonne his Nephew and Brother-in-law went out to meet him with 4 Galleys The King of France being before at Savona met the Catholick King upon the shoar and having embrac'd him they went together under a Canopy to the Castle where they were to be entertained King Ferdinand on the right hand the King of France on the left and the Queen in the middle The more to honour them the King of France went to lodge in the Bishop's House On S. Peter's Day they heard Mass together the Nobility of both Kingdoms vying in costly Apparel That night the Queen supped with the King of France her Unkle and the two Cardinals of S. Praxedes and d' Amboise with King Ferdinand Next night the two Kings and Queens supped together and with them the great Captain at the Request of the King of France who spoke
He of Burgos delayed whereupon the King sent Peter Navarro with Forces to besiege it and then the Lieutenant submitted as did all the others D. John Manuel by the way of Navarre went into France designing for Germany There only remained the Duke of Najara who fortified that Town and levied Forces hoping the Emperour would soon come and therefore acted in the Name of Prince Charles as his Viceroy To put a stop to these troubles the King set out towards Burgos and from Arcos sent Ferdinand Duke of Strada to require that Duke to deliver up his Forts The Duke excused himself The King leaving the Queen at Arcos because she would not go to Burgos where she lost her Husband went on himself in order to force the Duke Count Peter Navarro was sent with his Forces the Guards and Artillery to seize all the Duke's Estate and his Person Several of the Nobility interposed and the Duke submitted to deliver up many Places of Strength Hereupon the King pardoned the Duke and not long after by degrees restored all those Forts to Duke Antony Manrique Earl of Triveno Son to the Duke To oblige the Duke of Albuquerque the King proposed to marry the Lady Joanna de Aragon Daughter to the Archbishop of Zoragoça to the Dukes eldest Son but this Match did not succeed and she was afterwards married to D. John de Borgia Duke of Gandia The Emperor was much offended at the Kings of France and Spain He complained of the Catholick King for that he had seized upon the Government of Castile without agreeing with him It was reported he would send 3000 Germans to Naples to favour the Pretensions of the Duke of Calabria and it was also suspected that the Great Captain forwarded this Design in hopes to marry his eldest Daughter to the Duke and would accept of the Command of General of the Forces of the Church with a Pension of 6000 Ducats But those were mere Jealousies and soon after the Emperor declared he would break through the Dutchy of Milan and with all his Forces invade the State of Venice The Catholick King took care to secure the Duke of Calabria who was at his Court The Emperor was offended at the King of France for that he supported the Duke of Guelders and had made War in Burgundy at the time that King Ferdinand went into Italy He did not approve of the Conference betwixt the two Kings and took it ill that the Match betwixt Prince Charles and the Princess Claudia was broke off At this time that Lady was contracted to the Duke of Angoulesme Heir to the Crown of France and therefore the Emperor pleaded the Investiture of the Dutchy of Milan according to the Agreement made with King Philip was void The Catholick King valued not the Match thinking by this means to secure Prince Charles the Inheritance of the Kingdom of Naples The King of France not regarding the Emperor's Complaints he thought of marrying Prince Charles to Mary Daughter to the King of England This Match was so far advanced that the Princess's Portion was assigned to be 250000 Crowns and the Time and Place of Marriage appointed It was concluded the Consent of King Ferdinand and Queen Joanna should be asked but the Marriage to be consummated tho they opposed it This Match pleased the King of England yet he was willing to oblige King Ferdinand in hopes himself to marry Queen Joanna The Catholick King gave him good words to secure the Marriage of his Daughter the Princess Catherine with the Prince of Wales But the King of England at the same time delayed in hopes to promote the Match for himself which was a strange Complication of Politicks Death broke off all the King of England's designs Many said King Ferdinand intended to marry Queen Joanna to his Brother-in-law Gaston de Foix to put him in possession of the Kingdom of Navarre to which he pretended a Right and by that means take revenge of the King and Queen of Navarre who had often offended him and lastly in siezing the Estate of of the Earl of Lerin who was married to his Sister and refusing to restore and stand Tryal with him D. John Manuel was come to the Emperor's Court but not so well looked upon as before which he perceiving thought of returning to Spain In order to it he proposed to King Ferdinand either to restore him to his Estate and treat him according to his quality or else to give him leave with his Wife and Children to go to Portugal otherwise he must like a desperate Man do all that he could against him Nothing was granted him and he tho out of favour by his sharp Wit sowed Discord betwixt those two Princes It was also believed Cardinal Bernardin de Carvajal the Pope's Legate at the Emperor's Court did King Ferdinand no good Offices there wherefore the King requested of the Pope that he might be removed and called back to Rome which at last he obtained CHAP. V. The Designs of bringing Prince Charles into Spain King Ferdinand in Andaluzia to settle that Country Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards the Portugueses loosers at Azamor in that part of the World yet relieve Arzila THe Emperor now declared his warlike Preparations were not designed against Naples but against the French in Milan and tho the Pope and King Ferdinand interposed for a Peace or Truce he would not give ear to it unless upon very advantageous Conditions He left the Princess Margaret his Daughter to Govern Flanders in Jan. 1508 marched towards Italy and in February came to Trent There he took the Name of Emperor Elect being till then called King of the Romans His General was the Marquess of Brandenburgh his Forces so small that no great matter could be expected of them The first Hostilities were committed in the Valley of Cadoro subject to the Venetians and the Emperor understanding that 5000 Swiss were going into the French Service returned into Switzerland to prevent it and thence to Luxemburgh because French Forces marched that way Upon his departure most of the Germans at Cadora disbanded and 2000 that remained were defeated by the Venetians The Catholick King tho setled in the Government of Castile thought himself not secure knowing there were many that persisted in their aversness to him Among the rest the Bioshps of Badajoz and Catania signalized themselves having no hopes of Preferment unless the Government were changed The Pope at the King's Suits commissioned the Archbishop of Toledo and Bishop of Burgos to prosecute them He of Badajoz endeavouring to make his escape into Flanders was apprehended near Santander and after being Prisoner some time at Atiença was remitted to the Archbishop of Toledo according to the Pope's Order D. Jayme de Conchillos Bishop of Girachi the King's Ambassador at the Emperor's Court pressed to have Prince Charles sent to Spain to have him bred after the manner of the Country and to secure his Succession but the Emperor
had joined the Turks with 34 Sail. These small Vessels sailing under the Shore the Portugueses descryed only 5 Ships which they thought to belong to Alonso de Albuquerque whom they expected Part of the Enemies Fleet entred the Harbour and that day was spent in Cannonading one another Next day Laurence de Almeyda Attacks Mir Hozem's Admiral Gally but could not grapple by reason it was Ebb and the Enemy lay in shoal Water He sustained much loss because the Enemies Vessel was higher Decked and was himself wounded with Two Darts Pelayo de Sousa and James Perez took each of them one of the Enemies Gallies and thus that day ended The day following Melique came into the Port with his Vessels whereupon the Portugueses at midnight resolved to put out to Sea But the Enemy perceiving them move fell upon them and so pierced the Admiral which was the last that she made much Water and what was worse ran a Ground and the Water Ebbing none of the others could come in to assist her The Enemy Cannonaded her till such time as Laurence de Almeyda being killed with a Cannon-shot and 80 of 100 Men he had the other 20 with the Ship were taken The rest put to Sea and recovered the Port of Cananor whence they sent advice of what had hapned to the Governor This Battle was fought towards the end of the Year Almeyda and Albuquerque came both to Cananor and Albuquerque contending to take upon him the Government according to the King's Order Almeyda sent him Prisoner to Cochin This done he gathered the greatest Fleet he could at Onor burnt several Ships of Calicut destroyed the City Dabul and many Vessels there and on the 5th of January 1509 sailed towards Diu a Port of Cambaya where the Enemy lay Mir Hozem placed himself in shoal-water under the Cannon of the City He had at this time 3 Caracs 3 Galleons 6 Gallies and 4 Ships of Cambaya besides Melique's small Vessels Almeyda had in all 19 Sail and in them 1300 Portugueses and 400 Malabars The Two Fleets Cannonaded one another but could not draw near because the Weather was calm Next day they engaged and after a very bloody Dispute the Portugueses obtained the Victory Of the Enemy 4000 were slain of which number were all the 800 Mamalucs except only 22. Three of their great Ships were sunk besides many small Vessels Two Galleons Two Gallies and Four great Ships were taken The Commanders Mir Hozem and Melique escaped On our side 32 were killed and 300 wounded This done Almeyda returned to Cochin where there was much contention about the Government which was ended by Ferdinand Coutinho who this Year sailed from Lisbon with 15 Ships and Orders to put Alonso de Albequerque in Possession of the Government as was accordingly done From Valladolid the Catholick King went to Arcos where he found the Queen his Daughter so ill Lodged that the last Winter she fell sick through the coldness of the Room she lay in In February he removed her to Tordesillas and with her the Body of her Husband which was afterwards by her Son the Emperor Charles the V buried in the Royal Chapel at Granada The Queen lived out the rest of her days in that Town Queen Joanna's Condition was such she might better be counted among the Dead than the Living Her two Sisters ran different Fortunes The Queen of Portugal lived happy abounding in Riches and having a numerous Issue and this very Year she was delivered of a Son called Alonso who was afterwards a Gardinal but died young The Princess of Wales in England neither Widow nor Wife was hardly used by her Father-in-Law who hoped that way to induce her Father to give him in Marriage his other Daughter Joanna Queen of Castile The King's death which hapned upon the 21st of April for the present put an end to those Discontents Soon after the Match before agreed upon betwixt this Lady and the Prince of Wales after his Father's Death King Henry VIII was consummated That Princess had no Inclination to this Match but it was for the Conveniency of both Kings King Henry was of a graceful Presence but very Lewd especially towards his latter days insomuch that to gratifie his Lust he cast off all Obedience to the Church and made way for all the Confusion that afterwards hapned in that Kingdom Whilst Queen Catherine was yet living tho' he had by her a Daughter called Mary upon pretence she had been married to his Brother and that the Pope could not dispence to marry her he put her away and publickly married Anne of Bullen whom afterwards he convicted of Adultery and executed By her he had Elizabeth afterwards Queen Next he married Jane Seymour who died in Childbed but her Son lived and was called Edward VI. His Fourth Wife was Anne of Cleves from whom he was Divorced and to that purpose made a Law which allowed of Divorces His Fifth Wife was Anne Howard who was put to death for Adultery The last was the Lady Catherine Parr from whom he was not divorced nor had any Children by her death putting an end to his wicked Courses King Ferdinand made publick rejoycing at Valladolid upon the News of the Marriage of his Daughter on Midsummer-day He also agreed that Prince Charles should marry that King's Sister and ordered Gutierre Gomez his Ambassador to Compliment her upon the same At Valladolid Queen Germana was delivered of a Son on the 3d of May he was called John Prince of Aragon but died within a few Hours His Body was deposited in the Monastery of S. Paul in that City and thence translated to Poblete the ancient Burial-place of the Kings of Aragon The Catholick King prepared to make War upon the Venetians and grounded the Justice of his Proceedings principally upon Two Points The first That those Cities the Venetians were possessed of in Apulia were mortagaged to them by Ferdinand II. King of Naples and that they neither performed the Conditions of the Mortgage nor would restore those Places when the Money was tendred to them The second was That the Catholick King had been at a greater Expence either in gaining Cephalonia for that Republick or in the War made upon France on their account and upon promise that they would allow him 50000 Ducats a Year towards the Charge of that War which Debt tho' it had been demanded of them they would never pay nor so much as acknowledge CHAP. VII The Cardinal of Spain takes Oran in Africk The War against the Venetians and their Losses They recover Padua and other Places GReat Preparations were made throughout all Spain for the Conquest of Africk and the Cardinal of Spain did not only furnish Money towards it but designed to go over in Person The Rendezvous of the Forces was at Carthagena Stores of Ammunition and Provisions were made there and at Malaga About 14000 Men were gathered as well Horse as Foot The Principal Commanders were James de
Army by the end of May. Villamarin Earl of Capacho the Admiral was ready at Messina with 12 Galleys and 10 Ships and only expected the French Fleet to join him in order to go upon the Coast of Apulia but there was no need of these Preparations For as soon as the Viceroy of Naples laid siege to Trana the Seigneury of Venice sent Orders to all their Governours on that Coast to deliver up the Cities The Duke of Ferrara and Marquess of Mantua took some Places from the Venetians to which they pretended a Title Venice was brought so low that it was reported the Senate designed to submit it self to the King of Hungary to be by him protected There remained the Emperour who in June was 7 Leagues from Inspruck on his way to Italy On the 8th of that Month the Florentines subdued the City of Pisa As soon as the Emperor came to Esternan the Venetians proposed an Accommodation with him and it was said they sent him a Blank signed for him to make his own Conditions so he would protect them in that desperate Condition As the Emperor marched all Places submitted to him so that the Venetians had not a Foot of Land left them in Italy except the City Venice which the Emperor designed to besiege by Sea and Land To this purpose he would have the French and Spanish Fleets join to shut up the Sea whilst his and the French Forces attacked it by Land Nay he proposed when taken to have it divided into Four Parts with as many Castles whereof each of the Confederate Princes should have one In order to it the Catholick King tho' he disbanded all the Land-Forces save 500 which were to be transported into Spain ordered the Fleet to stay in Italy yet afterwards neither the Pope nor he would consent to the utter subverting of that State considering it would redound only to the Advantage of France by reason their Dominion of Milan lay so near and the others so far off Nay they apprehended it might be a step towards making that King Master of all Italy and that then he might make a Pope according to his own Mind which the present Pope was so apprehensive of that both he and the Catholick King laboured all that in them was to disappoint an Interview proposed betwixt the Emperor and King of France As soon as the King of France possessed himself of what he desired he returned to Milan and thence to his Kingdom He left 1500 Horse in the Cities newly taken and Charles d' Amboise as General The Imperial Forces lay at Treviso and Friouli which was all the Venetians had left them in Italy Andrew Gritti by Intelligence he had with some of the Inhabitants recovered the City Padua for the Venetians 42 days after it had submitted to the Emperor This News being brought to him he retired into the Country of Tirol With the same ease the Venetians took Assula where they put to the Sword 150 Spaniards that were there in Garrison the same they did to 200 more they found in Castelfranco and took Alvarado their Captain Prisoner Most of the 1500 Spaniards that went over from the French Service to the Emperor were thus killed or taken Verona being about to revolt was prevented by the Sieur de la Palisse who secured it till the Emperor who expected Supplies out of Germany and Flanders sent to take possession of it He made up an Army of 30000 Men. The King of France sent him 1300 Horse the Pope 300 and afterwards 1000 Spanish Foot With these Forces he laid Siege to Padua on the 5th of September The Earl of Pitillano and all the Chief Commanders of Venice threw themselves into the City Their greatest Strength consisted in 2000 Albanian Horse who did much harm among the Imperialists A Breach being made the City was assaulted but the Enemy repulsed twice fresh Supplies still coming in to the Besieged till they made up 25000 Men. In the first Attack many of the Spaniards were killed being blown up in a Bastion they gained This discouraged the Imperialists so that about the beginning of October they raised the Siege Their Retreat soon changed the face of Affairs The People of Vicenza being assisted from Padua took Gaspar de Sanseverino left in that City with 3000 Germans The Forces of Venice recovered Este Monfilice and Montagnana and then laid siege to Ferrara but the Forces of France and the Pope coming to the Relief of the Town and having sunk 17 of their Galleys on the Po they were forced to draw off Andrew Gritti had before taken the Marquess of Mantua and was about changing him for Bartholome d' Albiano who was in great Esteem tho' blamed for his Rashness at the Battel of Abdua Verona was disposed to submit to the Venetians D. Jhen Manuel was in it with 2000 Spaniards ill paid but some French Forces came and secured that Place The main Strength of the French Army lay between Bressa and Verona John James Trivulcio was in Bressa D. John Manuel resigned his Command to one Luis de Biamonte who had been some years in the French Service CHAP. VIII The Accord betwixt the Emperor and King Ferdinand Bugia and Tripoli in Barbary taken by the Spaniards and Goa in India by the Portugueses AFter the Earl of Lerin Constable of Navarrè died the Catholick King was the more pressing with the King of Navarre to restore Luis de Biamonte Son to the Deceased and his own Nephew Nothing could be obtained tho' it was pleaded the Son had no hand in his Father's Crimes The People of Sanguessa made an Inroad into Aragon on pretence to take Ul and Filera which Towns they said belonged to them On the other side the Aragonians ravaged all the Plain of Sanguessa up to the Walls of the Town These things seemed to tend to a War but being private Grievances they were not looked upon as a Breach D. Luis sought to recover his Estate by force of Arms. The Emperor and King of Spain proposed some means to agree about the Government The Catholick King tho' well fixed in the possession of it was willing to agree to prevent Disorders which the Discontented Nobility seemed to threaten Yet he would keep the Government as long as his Daughter lived but if she died then to resign to Prince Charles when he was 20 Years of Age. The King of France and Cardinal d' Amboise were chosen Arbitrators Andrew de Burgo came to Spain to Capitulate and was well received The Bishop of Catania was with the Emperour upon the same account At length these two Princes agreed upon these Articles That the Catholick King should continue in the Government but in case he had any Issue Male then Prince Charles should again be Sworn Heir to the Crown of Castile in the Cortes and King Ferdinand should also Swear to Govern that Kingdom to the Prince's Advantage The Emperour would have had the Prince receive the Revenue of
the Kingdom of Asturias but the King said it had never allowed any Prince and therefore consented to allow him 30000 Ducats a year and to add to that Sum whensoever he was married The Emperour also demanded for himself 100000 Ducats of which 50000 were allowed him to be paid by the Florentines on account of the delivery of Pisa to them King Ferdinand also offered to assist the Emperour against the Venetians with 300 Men at Arms to whom he would give 4 or 5 Months Pay It was also agreed that whensoever Prince Charles would go into Spain a Fleet should be sent for him and Prince Ferdinand should go to Flanders as soon as the other was landed in Spain Upon these Conditions they joined in League and all Differences were reconciled Because the King of France and Cardinal d' Amboise had been chosen Arbitrators these Articles were sent to them to peruse and they approved of the same on the 12th of December This done all their Estates were restored to those who had been of the Emperour 's and Prince's Party and D. Peter de Guevara was set at liberty according to Capitulation Upon which some Gentlemen departed the Kingdom pretending to go serve the Prince Among these D. Alonso Manrique Bishop of Badajoz was most remarkable At this time the Earl of Pitillano the Venetian General died at Lonigo in the Territory of Vincenza King Ferdinand ordered the Earl of Lemos who still held Intelligence in Portugal and Flanders to deliver up the Forts of Sarria and Monforte to the Lord of Poça then Governour of Galicia D. Raymund de Cardona Viceroy of Sicily was appointed to succeed the Earl of Ribagorça at Naples and D. Hugo de Moncada to be Viceroy of Sicily Various Reports were spread abroad concerning this Change of Viceroy at Naples Most Men said the Earl of Ribagorça was not capable of that Command Others believed the Ursini were the cause of his removal But who can stop the Mouths of the Multitude or fathom the Designs of Princes King Ferdinand being desirous to employ his Forces against the Infidels was always for concluding a Peace with the Venetians and joining in League with them after each of the Confederates had recovered what he pretended a right to Thus he proposed with the joint Forces of them all to make War upon the Turks the common Enemy of Christendom It was hard to reconcile such different Interests He proposed to join his Forces with those of the other Princes and to go himself in Person to the Levant This his Design he made known to the Pope who approved of it and offered to forward it The Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily lay opportunely for this Enterprize Those who well weighed the Circumstances of Things thought it not fit for the King at his Age and in the present posture of Affairs in Castile to absent himself so far off It was thought more expedient to continue the Conquest of Africk so fortunately begun Count Peter Navarro had 13 Ships well equipped in the Port of Mazalquivir He sailed thence with some chosen Troops to the Island Yviça where Hierome Vianelo expected him with another part of the Fleet. There they staid some days it being the dead of Winter It was declared the Fleet was designed for Bugia They sailed from Yviça on the first of January 1510. The Forces consisted of about 5000 Men well provided with Cannon Bugia is seated on the Coast of Numidia not far from the Borders of Mauritania Caesariensis First it belonged to the Kings of Tunez then to those of Tremecen who possessed it till recovered by Abuferriz King of Tunez He left it to his Son Abdulhazis with the Title of a New Kingdom From him was descended Abdurrahamel the present Possessor who usurped it from Muley Abdalla his Brother's Son and the Rightful King It is seated on the side of a high Mountain with a good Castle at the upper part all of it encompassed with an old but strong Wall It used to contain 8000 Inhabitants and was the chief University for Philosophy in Africk The Country about it is fitter for Gardens and Orchards than to bear Corn Our Fleet came before it on the Eve of the Epiphany but the Men could not land because the Wind was contrary On the top of the Mountain appeared the Moorish King with 10000 Foot and some Squadrons of Horse They began to come down to the Shoar to hinder our Men landing but the Cannon of the Fleet made them draw back and clear the Landing-place The Earl drew up his Men in Four Bodies and began to ascend the Hill in order to fight the Moors but they retired into the City Our Men some through an Ascent in the Old City which was abandoned and others from the top of the Mountain soon scaled the Walls Within they found no resistance for as they entred on the one side the King and his Men fled out at the other This Success terrified all Africk and the more for that Muley Abdalla the Lawful King escaping out of Prison fled to the Earl He after taking the City attacked Abdarrahamel in his Camp 8 Leagues thence and put him to flight upon which many Towns along that Coast submitted themselves The first of these was Argier afterwards the Terror of Spain and grown Rich with our Spoils After Argier the King of Tunez and City Tedeliz did the same Even the King of Tremecen and Moors of Mostagan subjected themselves to the King Articles were concluded with them all by which they were obliged to set free all Christians and pay a yearly Tribute This took up the Earl some time yet he omitted nothing that might tend to advance the Conquest At this time Alonso d' Albuquerque in India made himself Master of the City Goa the Metropolis of the Portugues Empire in those Parts This City stands in an Island made by a River falling into the Sea It is about 5 Leagues in length was subject to Zabaim Hidalcan and at that time ill provided he having drawn away the Garrison to serve in his other Wars Timoja a Pirate who robbed along those Seas with 14 Vessels gave notice of it to the Governour and he found all his Intelligence to be true On the 16th of February he entred that Port and easily made himself Master of the City Francis d' Almeyda his Predecessor in his return to Portugal having put in to Water at the Cape of Good Hope was killed in a Skirmish with the Cafres so the Natives of that Country are called The Catholick King had made choice of D. Garcia de Toledo Eldest Son to the Duke of Alva to be General in Africk designing to make use of Count Peter Navarro in his Wars in Italy D. Garcia made some considerable stay before he departed Spain The Earl not to lose time as also because the Plague began to spread in Bugia on the 7th of June set out with 8000 Men towards Favignana a
and Riches of India he has commanded me to bring a Sample and the first Fruits a Present to be esteemed for the Place from whence it came and for the Zeal with which it is offered besides the hopes those vast Regions give us of humbling themselves at the Feet of your Holiness Instead of the Spoil of Africk which as more common could not be so acceptable I present your Holiness with a Petition in my Judgment most reasonable It is that in regard of the Importance of carrying on that Conquest and that the Revenue of Portugal is not sufficient to continue it your Goodness will assist the King my Master with your Blessing and Indulgences and besides will grant that towards the advancing that Enterprize he may make use of part of the Ecclesiastical Revenues For how can they be better spent or more to the content of the Donors than in destroying the Enemies of Christ And since all are Partakers of the Honour and profit it is reasonable all should bear a part in the Burden We do not believe this Holy See will deny that in such necessity and for such a Purpose which has been at several times granted to other Princes The Pope heard the Ambassador with great satisfaction and returned a favourable Answer saying He highly esteemed the King of Portugal received his Presents with great Affection and would forward his Designs by all the means that lay in his Power He granted his Bulls for the Croisade and allowed the King for to defray the Charge of his Undertakings to make use of the 3d part of Ecclesiastical Revenues assigned to the Churches and the 10th of all other Church Revenues Great Difficulties were met with in the Execution of these Orders which was the Fault of ill Ministers For this reason the Church compounded for 150000 Cruzado's paid down and three Years after all these Taxes were quite taken off The Commonalty misliked the applying the Revenues of the Church to any other uses and urged the Example of the Kings of Castile who were ever poor since they had to do with the Mony of the Church The King's Ministers either to flatter him or that their Opinion was really such affirmed that since the King defended not only the Laity but the Clergy it was reasonable they should all contribute to the necessary Charges of the Kingdom the Churches enjoying a great part of the Revenue It is most certain that in the time of S. Ambrose the Lands of the Church payed Taxes to the Emperors This was the Success of that Embassy About the same time arrived at Lisbon one Matthew an Armenian by Birth and by Profession a religious Man sent Ambassador from Prester John the Great Emperor of Ethiopia That Prince called David since the time that Peter Covillan went into those Parts as was said before had heard of the King of Portugal and after that of his Fleets sailing to India and the Valour of his People He thought good to make use of his Forces and to that Purpose sent this Ambassador who was well received by Alonso de Albuquerque and sent to Portugal Those who carried him made a Jest of him by the way and treated him very scornfully At Lisbon they were apprehended and had been punished but that the Ambassador interceded for them The King received him honourably and was much taken with his Letters written in the Abyssinian and Persian Languages and also with a piece of the Holy Cross he brought set in Gold By this Ambassador they understood the Customs of those People odd enough for Christians It would be tedious to speak of them at large let it suffice to know that the 8th Day as well the Women as Men are circumcised and the 40th baptized Women after Lying in observe the Custom of Purification They abstain from Meats forbidden in the Old Law They fast till Sun-set They communicate in both kinds Their Priests marry but not their Monks nor the Bishops chosen out of Monasteries They use auricular Confession and worship Saints Let us return to Italy The Pope was possessed of the City Rhegio in Lombardy and had Modena morgaged to him by the Emperor for 40000 Duccats It was thought he designed these two Cities as also Placencia Parma and Ferrara for his Brother Julian whom soon after he married to Philiberta Sister to the Duke of Savoy and gave her himself 10000 Duccats Portion CHAP. IX The Kingdom of Navarre united to that of Castile The Affairs of the Portugueses in India Their Defeat on the Coast of Africk KING Luis of France soon after his Marriage with the English Princess died as is usual where there is great inequality of Years and want of Health His Death fell out upon the first Day of the Year 1515. Francis de Valois Duke of Angouslesme the first of the Name and a Prince of a great Spirit succeeded him It was generally believed he would not rest till he had recovered Milan and Navarre and he seemed to intimate as much to those Kings His chief Care was for Italy and therefore he sought to leave all behind secure With England he was at Peace He proposed a Match betwixt Prince Charles of Austria and his Sister-in-Law Renata which was so carried on by the Earl of Nassau and Michael de Croy both of the Princes Bedchamber that they concluded it at Paris on the 24th of March. Her Portion was set at 600000 Duccats 200000 to be paid down in Mony and the Dukedom of Berry for the other 400000. The Prince was now come to Age and put into the Possession of the Government of the Low Countrys It remained to secure King Ferdinand Monsieur de Lautre Governour of Guienne proposed to the Marquess of Comares the Prolonging of the Truce for a Year but King Ferdinand understanding his Policy would not grant it unless it were for Italy as well as Spain He pressed for carrying on the League proposed by the Pope against the Turk and at the same time consented to another League against the Venetians The Conditions were that the Emperor should be possessed of Verona Vinzenza Frioli and Treviso that Bressa Bergamo and Crema should be given to the Duke of Milan in lieu of Parma and Placencia which the Pope designed for his Brother Julian Thus King Ferdinand thought the Duke of Milan would be safe and was willing he should marry one of the Sisters of Prince Charles or the Princess Margaret or else the Queen of Naples his Niece all of them great Matches King Ferdinand kept the Holy Week of Mejorada designing at the same time to assemble the Cortes of Castile at Burgos and those of Aragon to meet on the 11th of May. He sent the Queen with a sufficient Commission to preside there and thence to go to Lerida to those of Catalonia and âo on to Valencia to those of that Kingdom He went himself to Burgos to be there at the time appointed His grand Design was to
Michael de Gurrea Viceroy of Majorca came to his Relief but could not raise the Siege The Besieged suffered great want of Provisions At such time as they were upon surrendring there came to them a Ship laden with all sorts of Victuals sent by the Viceroy of Sardinia This Supply lasted them till the Turk despairing of carrying the Place raised the Siege about the end of the Year The Catholick King 's Dropsie and the Great Captains Ague increased both of them being mortal Diseases The Great Captain set out of Loxa upon the point of death was carried on Mens Shoulders to Granada and there gave up the Ghost on the 2d of December Garibay says on the 10th He was a Man not to be matched being the Bravest and most Fortunate Commander that Spain had for many Years The Severity of his Usage increased his Glory it being very rare to Sail long in the Seas of Prosperity without some Storm Many great Men in process of time had the Brightness of their Honour sullied Time cut the Thread of his Life but his Renown will endure as long as the World Upon his death the Office of Constable of Naples was Vacant which was given to Fabricius Colona and continues in his Family to this day His Estate fell to the Lady Elvira Eldest Daughter and Heiress to her Father The Catholick King was gone from Madrid to Plasentia in order to continue his Journey to Sevil because the Air of that Place is very Wholesome There tho' very siick he was nobly Entertained and staid some days He sent Prince Ferdinand to Guadalupe thinking to Return thither and so went on to Serena to divert himself with Hawking that being a good Country for it and he delighting in that and the like Sports With him went the Admiral the Duke of Alva the Bishop of Burgos and 3 of his Council which were Dr. Laurence Galindez de Carvajal and the Lieutenants Zapata and Francis de Vargas To this Place about Christmas came Adrian Dean of Louvain Prince Charles his Preceptor sent from Flanders It was agreed at his coming that the Prince should be supplied with 50000 Ducats a Year and King Ferdinand altho' Q. Joanna died should during his Life continue in the Government of Castile They showed themselves liberal to him who according to appearance must soon resign up all to them The King returned to Madrigalejo in the Territory of Truxillo his Disease encreased so that it was plain he had but few days to live The Dean of Louvain repaired thither at which the King was offended and ordered him back to Guadalupe whither he went to see Prince Ferdinand He made his Will and Confessed to F. Thomas de Matienço of the Order of S. Dominick his Confessor The Queen having notice of the Danger he was in set out from Lerida and came to him the day before he Signed his Will Next day being Wednesday the 23d of January 1516. between One and Two in the Morning he gave up the Ghost He was one of the most remarkable Princes that ever Spain had yet it could not be expected he should be without Blemish but may serve for an Example to all future Kings of Spain He made Three Wills one at Burgos 3 years before his Death the second at Aranda de Duero 2 years later and the last when he died In all of them he names Queen Joanna his Heiress and Prince Charles her Son Governour In case the Prince was not in Spain by his first Will he ordained Prince Ferdinand should Govern in his stead but in the other two he changed that Article and ordered that during the Prince's absence the Archhishop of Zaragoça should Govern Aragon and the Cardinal of Spain Castile This was punctually observed as he had commanded True it is the Dean of Louvain producing the Prince's Commission was admitted to the Government together with the Cardinal To Prince Ferdinand the King his Grandfather left in the Kingdom of Naples the Principality of Taranto and Cities of Cotron Tropea Amantia and Galipoli besides a Pension of 50000 Ducats out of the Revenue of that Kingdom to be paid him till such time as his Brother settled an equivalent Estate upon him He also ordered that the Duke of Calabria tho' his Offence was great should be set at liberty and charged the Prince to give him an Estate to live upon But this Clause was never fully performed till the Year 1533. for several Reasons which are never wanting against unfortunate Men. He made no mention of the Vicechancellor Antony Augustin whether it was that he forgot his Crime or that he left it to another to punish could never be known Soon after the Cardinal of Spain sent him to Flanders where he was discharged on the 23d of September this same Year For his Executors the King appointed the Queen his Wife the Prince the Archbishop of Zaragoça the Dutchess of Cardona the Duke of Alva the Viceroy of Naples and F. Thomas de Matienço his Confessor and his Protonotary Michael Velasquez Clemente His Body was carried to his own Royal Chapel at Granada and laid near to that of Queen Elizabeth which was deposited in the Alhambra Of those that were present at his Death only D. Ferdinand de Aragon and D. Bernard de Sandoval y Rojas with some of his menial Servants attended the Body By the way whole Towns came out to meet it with Crosses and in Mourning partiticularly at Cordova when the Body passed through that City the Marquess of Priego and Earl of Cabra and other Gentlemen of that Place distinguished themselves All past Offences and the Severity he used towards them whilst living served only to stir up their generous Souls the more to signalize their Respect and Reverence to him dead and to his Memory At Granada the Clergy Citizens and Courts strove to outdo one another in the manner of the Reception and Funeral Rites which were performed with all Grandeur and Magnificence as was due to the Conquerour and Founder of the Happiness Peace and Prosperity of that City and whole Kingdom of Granada The End of the 30th BOOK LAUS DEO FINIS A Compendious SUPPLEMENT TO THE History of SPAIN From the Year 1615 till 1521. Written by F. John de Mariana Anno 1515. FRANCIS the new King of France having settled the Affairs of his Kingdom at home and being a hot and fiery Youth resolved to carry the War into Italy He passed the Alps with all his Forces and at his first Entrance overthrew and took Prisoner Prosper Colonna who with the Horse thought to have stopp'd his Passage Next he took Novara and the Castle wherein he was much assisted by the Industry of Count Peter Navarro who weary of his long Imprisonment and offended that he was not Ransom'd had taken Service with the French Thence the French King March'd towards Milan With Duke Maximilian were the Swiss Raymund de Cardona was at Verona and Lawrence de Medicis
under the Crown of Castile The King of France highly offended at this Disappointment to revenge it sent a new Army into Biscay under the Command of the Admiral of France who took Fuenterabia a strong Town upon the Frontiers Several Rencounters happened betwixt our Forces and those of the Enemy but at length the Town was recovered Beatrix youngest Daughter to the King of Portugal contracted to Charles Duke of Savoy was carried to her Husband in a Fleet fitted out for that purpose The Publick Joy for this Marriage was not lasting for that the King of Portugal died in December His Body was buried in the Monastery of Bethlem built by himself near Lisbon and appointed the burial Place of Kings King John the Third of the Name his Son succeeded him On the 2d of December died at Rome Pope Leo whose Memory was Reverenced for that he had restored the Peace of Italy favoured Learning and much restored the University of Rome by bringing to it Professors of all Sciences from other Parts with great Expence Nevertheless he is blamed as having been given to his Pleasures more than became his high Dignity and for immoderately extolling his Kindred first his Brother Julian and after his Death Laurence his Nephew Son to Peter his other Brother To raise them he designed to deprive the Duke of Vrbin of his Dominions but the Death of both the Brother and the Nephew prevented the execution of his Designs Pope Leo was of the House of Medicis whose Genealogy âs this which follows The Great Cosmo de Mediois who lived in Florence 100 Years before this had a Son called Peter and by him two Grandsons Laurence and Julian Laurence had three Sons Peter John the present Pope Leo and Julian Julian had a natural Son born after his Father's Death and called Julius who came to be Pope and was called Clement the Seventh Peter Brother to Pope Leo had a Son called Laurence the Younger who was General of his Unkle the Pope's Forces He by a Mistriss had Alexander afterwards Duke of Florence by his Wife Magdalen of Bolonia left Catharine who came to be Queen of France whereby the House of Medicis is related to many Royal Families The second Julian Brother to Pope Leo had a Son called Hypolito who was afterwards a Cardinal his Unkle Pope Clement giving him the Cap. Anno 1522. On the 10th of January Cardinal Adrian tho a Fleming and at that time absent was by the Conclave chosen Pope At that time he was employed in the Government of Spain The News of his promotion was brought to him at Vitoria where he then was to give Orders for carrying on the War against France and recovering of Fuenterabia Immediately he hasted away in order to pass over into Italy yet he came not to Rome till the Summer was well advanced His Papacy was short as not exceeding twenty Months but his Learning Wisdom and Virtue were very great He changed not his Name but was called Adrian the 6th By him St. Antony Archbishop of Florence and Benon Bishop of Misna were Canonised On the 3d of February the Royalists under the Conduct of the Archbishop of Bari overcame the Rebels who were possessed of the City Toledo and so those Tumults ended Charles the Emperor leaving his Brother Ferdinand in January with the Title of Vicar of the Empire set out for Spain to settle the Kingdom and put an end to the Troubles of it He arrived with his Fleet at Santaren on the 16th of July Christiern King of Denmark had married Elizabeth Sister to the new Emperor His Uncle Frederick usurped the Kingdom whereby he was obliged to retire into Flanders where he continued in Banishment the space of 10 Years which was as long as he lived He left two Daughters lawfully begotten which were Elizabeth and Christiern the first was married to Alonso Duke of Lorrain the other to Francis Sforcia Duke of Milan Anno 1523. Pope Adrian granted to the Emperor Charles and his Successors Kings of Spain the full Authority of electing and presenting the Bishops within their Dominions His Bull was passed on the 6th of September He also for ever granted them to hold the Administration of the three military Orders which other Popes had only granted for a time The Pope died at Rome on the 12th of the same Month oppressed with Care and Grief for that the Turks had the Year before possessed themselves of the Island of Rhodes after it had endured a Siege of Eight Months During the vacancy of the Papal Chair died at Rome Cardinal Bernardin de Carvajal who had been Bishop first of Astorga then of Badajoz of Carthagena of Siguença and lastly of Plansencia D. Gutierre de Carvajal Bishop of Plasencia was Nephew to the Cardinal who resigned that See up to him This Year also died F. James Deza Master to Prince John successively Bishop of Salamanca Jaen and Sevil Inquisitor General and Elect of Toledo On the 20th of December Cardinal Julius de Medicis Cousin-German to Pope Leo the Tenth was chosen Pope in the place of Adrian deceased and took the Name of Clement the Seventh He governed the Church ten Years 10 Months and 7 Days He confirmed the Order of the Theatins calling it the Congregation of Divine-Love It was instituted by Peter Garrafa Bishop of Theatinum and other pious Persons Their Habit differs not from that of the other Clergy their Life is retired free from worldly Business and employed in singing the Canonical Hours Anno 1524. The French who had entred the Dutchy of Milan and made themselves Masters of a great part of it were this Year almost enclosed by the Imperial Army under the Command of the Duke of Bourbon who took most of the Places from whence the Army was supplied and by that means brought them into great Distress for want of Provisions This obliged the Admiral of France General of those Forces to endeavour to make a retreat but the Imperialists were so close upon him that he was forced to fight his Army was wholly overthrown and only a small part of it returned home by the way of Turin This Victory encouraged the Duke of Bourbon and Marquis of Pescara to lay Siege to Marseilles where when they had lain six Weeks hearing that the French King was coming with a powerful Army they sent away their heavy Cannon by Sea and retired with great precipitation The King not to lose this Advantage hastned to pass the Mountains and soon possessed himself of the Cities of Milan and other Places and then laid Siege to Pavia Anno 1525. King John of Portugal married Charlotte Sister to Charles the Emperor The Nuptial Solemnities were performed with much Majesty at Estremoz on the 5th of February This Lady had many Children which were Alonso Mary Catharine Beatrix Emanuel Philip John and Antony Of all these only Prince John and the Princess Mary lived to be marriagable and even
the Pope who was there present and therefore the Reflection upon him was the greater The Diet at Ratisbon being broke up the Emperor went into Italy and conferred with the Pope at Luca in September The chief Subject of their Conference was about Assembling a General Council Leaving the Pope he went to Genoa where Andrew Doria had a great Fleet in readiness to go over to Argiers on the Coast of Africk The Season was then too far advanced therefore the Pope and others laboured to disswade the Emperor from that Enterprize but he was not to be moved Being come upon the Coast of Africk about the end of October and having lost great part of his Fleet in a terrible Storm he was forced to retire to Bugia whence he passed over much afflicted to Carthagena having done nothing and sustained great loss Ferdinand Cortes who accompanied the Emperor in this Expedition his Galley sinking was obliged to swim for his Life and lost two Cups made of Emraulds which he had tyed about him in a cloath and were worth 300000 Duccats Anno 1542. The bloody Wars betwixt Christian Princes disappointed the Pope's design the last year of assembling a General Council but now he published a new Edict Summoning all the Bishops to meet at the City Trent He appointed the Cardinals Parisius Moron and Poole to preside in his Name but this design was also put off because the French King made War upon the Emperor The cause of this War was that the King sent two Embassadors to the Turk one a Genoese called Fregoso the other a Spaniard whose name was Antony Rincon Alonso Davalos Marquis del Gasto was then Governour of Milan Certain Spanish Soldiers discovered these Embassadors sailing down the River Po tho they were disguised like Pilgrims they seized and drowned them in the River This happened the last year and so incensed the French King that he immediately had recourse to Arms and with a mighty Army invaded Flanders Besides Henry the Dauphin by his Fathers order laid Siege to Perpignan on the borders of Spain The Garison defended themselves with such bravery that sallying they nailed his great Guns and Succours coming from all Parts he was forced to raise the Siege and retire John de Vega Lord of Valverde was at this time Viceroy of Navarre whence he went Embassador to Rome then Governed Sicily several Years and lastly returning into Spain was President of the Royal Council of Castile which Office he discharged with great Reputation He was a Man of great Integrity Wisdom and Piety At the beginning of December dyed James the Fifth King of Scotland leaving only one Daughter called Mary born not long before his Death of Mary his Queen Sister to the Duke of Guise Such multitudes of Locusts were in Germany Italy and Spain that they darkned the Sun as they flew In Sicily a great Earthquake did much harm in several Cities and Towns but the most mischief was done at the City Siracusa Anno 1543. The Emperor having appointed his Son Philip Governour of Spain sailed over to Genoa being in care for Italy and Germany At Busseto between Placencia and Cremona he met the Pope there they conferred about the General Council the Pope's Legates being already at Trent waiting the coming of the Bishops It was also proposed to make Peace between France and Spain but the time was not yet come Cosmo de Medicis Duke of Florence was allowed to buy out the Castles of Florence and Leghorn then held by the Emperor for 200000 Duccats The Pope had given the Cities of Placencia and Parma to Peter Luis his Son and would have had the Emperor confirm his Gift those Cities belonging to the State of Milan but could not prevail The King of France Invaded the Low Countries by the way of S. Quintin On the other side the great Pyrate Barbarussa having sacked and burnt the city Rijoles not far from the Streight of Messina ran along the Coast of Italy and put into the Port of Toulon There joyning the Duke d' Enguien they together attacked the City Nice near the State of Genoa and tho they took it could not reduce the Fortress yet they spent the best part of the Summer before it For this reason and because it was reported that Andrew Doria was coming to the Relief of the Besieged they returned to Winter at Toulon Anno 1544. On the 4th of January this year happened a wonderful Eclipse of the Sun which lasted some hours and not long after followed 3 Eclipses of the Moon which is said never to have happened since the time of Charlemagne The success of the Wars was various for Barbarussa in his return towards the Levant in several places ravaged the Coasts of Naples The fear was greater than the harm tho he took and plundered the City and Island of Lipari On the Coast of Sicily he took plundered and burnt the City Pati Many thousand Souls were carried by him into Captivity The Duke d' Anguien with a great Army entred Milan the Marquis del Gasto marched to oppose him They met near a Town called Carigno and the Battel was fought on the 14th of April which was very bloody but the French obtained the Victory and yet could not possess themselves of the Dukedom of Milan The Emperor and King of England had made a League against France The Emperor broke into France by the way of Flanders Took several Towns and came near to Paris So great was the terror he spread that many of the wealthy Citizens abandoned that City This Consternation was the greater for that at the same time the King of England possessed himself of the City of Boulogne Under these Circumstances a Treaty of Peace was set a foot The Embassadors of these Princes met at Soissons where they concluded a Peace upon the following Conditions That all things taken on either side since the Truce concluded at Nice should be restored That they should joyn their Forces in defence of the Catholick Religion against the Turks and Hereticks That the King of France shall renounce all his Pretensions in Flanders Aragon or Naples That the Emperor should give to Charles Duke of Orleans the King of France his younger Son one of his Daughters in Marriage or else one of those of his Brother Ferdinand In case he gave his own Daughter he should give her in Dower the Low Countries with the Title of King to her Husband But if it were his Brother's Daughter that the Dukedom of Milan should be her Dower The Agreement was made on the 24th of September but it took no effect Charles Duke of Orleans soon after dying Anno 1545. Prince Philip of Spain was before contracted to Mary Daughter to the King of Portugal last Year they were Married at Salamanca with great Solemnity The Duke of Medina Sidonia went to the Borders of Portugal to conduct the Bride who soon after proved with Child and was
delivered this Year on the 8th of July at Valladolid of a Son who was called Charles This birth was unfortunate as well for that the Mother died the 4th day after which lessened the publick Joy as for that the Prince lived not to inherit his Fathers Crown Her Body was buried at Granada Cardinal John Tavera died the 1st day of August D. John Siliceus the Bishop of Cartagena succeeded him in the Archbishoprick of Toledo in consideration for his good Service in instructing Prince Philip whose Preceptor he had been Afterwards he was made Cardinal In Germany great Application was used to reduce the Hereticks to submit to the Council of Trent to this effect a Diet was held at Worms The Emperor was there present and Cardinal Alexander Farnesius the Pope's Legate and Grandson Nothing was concluded for that Luther publishing new Books ceased not to make the breach wider The Hereticks demanded a Conference and to have the Points in Controversy disputed and the Catholicks insisted to have all things referred to the Fathers at Trent as being sensible how little good is done by private Disputes All these things were only the preludes to the War which soon after broke out in Germany At length about the end of this Year the Fathers assembled at Trent opened the Council The first Session was on the 13th of December Three Legates of the Pope presided which were the Cardinals John Maria de Monte Marcellus Cervinus and Reginald Pool The Chief of the Spanish Divines were F. James Lainez and Alonso Salmeron of the Society of Jesus F. Dominick de Soto and F. Melchior Cano of the Order of S. Dominick of S. Francis F. Alonso de Castro and F. Andrew Vega. Anno 1546. Martin Luther was found dead in his Bed at Eisleber where he was Born on the 18th of February He died of Excess of eating and drinking at the Age of 63. His Body was buried at Wittemberg where he most resided D. Alonso Davalos Marquis del Gasto Governour of Milan deceased at Vigevano and Ferdinand Gonçaga succeeded him The Diet was held at Ratisbon where there was a Disputation between the Catholicks and Hereticks Malvenda a Spaniard and Chocleus signalized themselves among the Catholicks for the Hereticks Bucer and Brentius The Emperor repaired thither in May but all this sorted to no better effect than it had done at other times but the differences were rather greater for the Hereticks departed when the dispute was but begun Most of the Princes tho summoned appeared not the most remarkable of them were Frederick Duke of Saxony and Philip the Landtgrave The Emperor thought fit to have recourse to Arms and ordered Maximilian Count de Bure to make Levies of Flanders In Germany Albertus and John Marquises of Brandenburg did the same for the Emperor tho they were both Hereticks The Spanish Forces marched out of Italy and at the same time the Emperor directed his Letters to the Cities of Germany admonishing them not to suffer themselves to be led away for that many abusing his Patience had forced him to have recourse to Arms. Having dispatched these Letters the Emperor set out from Ratisbon for Bavaria He encamped near Landshut whether was come a good body of Men sent to him by the Pope under the Command of his Grandson Octavius and Cardinal Alexander Farnesius Sone after came thither 6000 Spaniards D. Ferdinand of Toledo Duke of Alva was appointed General of those Forces The Enemy with a strong Army came to Ingolstat The principal Commanders were the Duke of Saxony and the Landtgrave whom many other Princes and Cities either openly or underhand supported They encamped on a rising Ground whence they played their Artillery upon the Emperor's Army which lay below them but the fright was greater than the harm The Landtgrave was for assaulting the Emperor's Camp which was not well intrenched but the others opposed him which proved the safety of our Army then much inferior to the Enemy for that our Supplies were not come from Flanders As soon as they came the Emperor marched towards Nerling the Enemy still following in the Rear At the same time Maurice Duke of Saxony being furnished with Forces by King Ferdinand possessed himself of the Lands of his Cousin Frederick some whereof were engaged and others so intermixed that it was convenient to secure them lest his own Subjects might suffer by their ill Neighbours To put a stop to their Proceedings and because they wanted Provisions the Hereticks returned towards Saxony The Landtgrave went away to his own Dominions and thence to Francford The War continued hot and several Princes and Cities being sensible of their Error Particularly Frederick Count Palatin despairing of the Success of the Rebels was reconciled to the Emperor The Duke of Wittemberg and the Cities of Vlm Francford and Ausburg followed his Example but were forced to buy their Pardon for great Sums of Money and give Security for their future Loyalty Anno 1547. These things were in agitation at the beginning of this Year at the same time that Frederick Duke of Saxony recover'd all the Places taken from him by Duke Maurice except Lipstat which he could not reduce This Year died Anne the Wife of King Ferdinand and Francis King of France having lived 52 Years and Reigned 32 His Son Henry succeeded him Also Henry the Eight of England famous for his Separation from the Church He lived 57 Years and Reigned 37 and 9 Months His Son Edward then but 9 Years of Age succeeded him as was Ordain'd in his Father's Will by which his Daughters Mary and Elizabeth were appointed to Inherit in case their Brother died without Issue As soon as the Emperor had recover'd a great Fine he imposed upon the City Strasbourg and join'd his Brother King Ferdinand who till then stayed in Bohemia he march'd towards Saxony On the 24th of April he came to the River Elbe The Enemy had possessed themselves of the farther Bank and the River being deep it was difficult to pass it Certain Spanish Soldiers swimming with their Swords in their Mouths took some Boats to make a Bridge Having pass'd the River our Forces pursu'd the Enemy who retired towards Wittemberg They were so eagerly pursu'd that they could not avoid Fighting The Battel lasted till Night when the Duke of Saxony being taken and many of his Men put to the Sword the rest fled Soon after this Victory the Landtgrave submitted and surrendred himself up to the Emperor These two Princes being in Custody all the rest were soon quell'd As a token of his Victory the Emperor sent part of the Cannon taken to Italy part to Spain and part to Flanders whither he went himself The General Council was removed from Trent to Bolonia and soon after broke up to the great Dissatisfaction of the Catholicks Peter Luis the Pope's Son was killed in his House at Plasencia but it could never be known by whom his Death was contriv'd but
should be restor'd That Corsica be restor'd to the Genoeses That neither the Spaniard lay Claim to Burgundy nor the French to Milan or Naples Lastly That all Prisoners taken for 16 Years last past be set at Liberty These Articles being agreed upon King Philip in pursuance of them Married by Proxy at Paris on the 22th of June the Princess Elizabeth the Duke of Alva representing the King Soon after on the 11th of July the Lady Margaret was Married to the Duke of Savoy The Publick Joy was turn'd into extream Grief for that King Henry himself Tilting was struck into the Eye by a Splinter of his Adversary's Lance of which he died the day following His Son Francis the Second succeeded him being Sixteen Years of Age. He had three Brothers Charles Alexander Edward and Hercules His Sisters were Elizabeth and Claudia before-mentioned the youngest of all called Margaret some Years after was Married to Henry Prince of Bearne and King of Navarre Pope Paul the Fourth departed this Life at Rome the 18th of August D. Bartholomew de Miranda of the Order of S. Dominick two Years before chosen Archbishop of Toledo in the place of Cardinal Siceleus was Apprehended and made Prisoner by the Inquisitors in his Town of Tordelaguna upon the 23th of August He was many Years in Prison so great is the Power of the Inquisition in Spain At the same time King Philip arrived with his Fleet at Laredo in his return from Flanders Anno 1560. On the 26th of December last past Cardinal John Angelo de Medicis was chosen Pope He took the Name of Pius the Fourth and govern'd the Church 5 Years 11 Months and 15 Days Spain this Year was filled with Joy not only for the arrival of their long-wish'd-for King but also for his Marriage which was consummated at Guadalajara in the Kingdom of Toledo upon the 31th day of January This Joy was the greater for that all Men hoped the Peace would be lasting The Cardinal of Burgos and Duke del Infantado went to the Borders of France to fetch the Bride The great Solemnization of the Marriage was at Toledo whither the King and new Queen went from Guadalajara The Duke of Medina Celi Viceroy of Sicily took the Island of Gelves but after he was Master of it the Turkish Fleet coming upon him he lost a great part of his own and with much difficulty escaped himself Among other Prisoners taken by the Turks were one of the Duke's Sons D. Alvaro de Sande and Sancho de Avila brave Soldiers In France began the Tumults and Rebellion which lasted many Years under colour of Religion To remedy these Troubles the Three Estates or Parliament of France met at Orleans where several good Laws were enacted but never observed Francis the new King of France died in that City on the 5th of December His Brother Charles the Ninth of the Name being then but nine Years old succeeded him Anno 1561. In Rome Pope Pius the Fourth caused the Duke of Paliano and Cardinal Garrafa to be put to Death The Cardinal was strangled in Prison the Duke publickly Beheaded The Commonalty tho they were satisfied those Persons had deserved that Punishment yet using their common Liberty especially assumed by the Italians gave out it was done to please the Catholick King Certain it is the Pope their Unkle had expelled them Rome for their Crimes and now they were punish'd with loss of their Lives In the Spring Queen Mary of Scotland having at once lost her Mother and Husband returned to Scotland where she Married a second and third time A Lady worthy a more favourable Destiny for in England after a long Imprisonment she was unjustly put to Death In France the Tumults daily encreased To pacify the People it was resolved the Catholicks and Hereticks should meet and dispute at Poissy five Leagues from Paris Hippolito de Este Cardinal of Ferrara and with him James Lainez General of the Jesuits in the place of F. Ignatius de Loyola dead six Years before were sent from Rome The Pope's Intention was that in case that Meeting could not be prevented at least nothing should be positively determined in it but all things referred to the Council of Trent which he had summoned to meet again The Meeting could not be prevented the Dispute was about the Real Presence F. Lainez when it came to his turn to speak publickly with great freedom rebuked the Queen for that she being a Woman was present at Disputes about Religion In this Dispute he confuted Peter Martyr always calling him Father Peter because he had been a Friar Anno 1562. In January the Council of Trent was again open'd Cardinal John Moron and three other Cardinals presided as the Pop's Legates There was present a great number of Prelates and among them many French who came with Charles Cardinal of Lorrain In the Port de la Herradura in a violent Storm which rose in the Night Twenty two Galleys were cast away with their General D. John de Mendoça Great was the Desolation made in France many stately Churches were overthrown by the Hereticks and many Cities rebelled against the King Among others the King of Navarre to put a stop to these Evils laid Siege to Roan then in Rebellion but he was killed by a Musket-shot from the Walls on the 17th of November but before he expired the City was taken by his Forces The Prince of Conde who headed the Hereticks encouraged by the Recruits he received out of Germany was so bold as to lay Siege to Paris On the 8th of December the Catholicks gave them Battel being strengthned by a good supply of Spaniards sent by King Philip they all behaved themselves so well that they raised the Siege and pursuing the Enemy as far as Dreux overthrew them with great slaughter taking the Prince of Conde Prisoner Anno 1563. The Strength and Hopes of France at this time was in the House of Guise The Duke of Guise the King's Lieutenant then lay before the City Orleans seated on the Loire and in Rebellion One John Poltrot came out of the City purposely and in the passing of the River shot the Duke of which wound he died the 24th of February Poltrot being taken and put to the Rack confessed that Admiral Coligni and Theodorus Beza a principal Man among the Ministers had put him upon this wicked Enterprise He was at Paris publickly torn in pieces by four Horses D. Francis of Navarre Archbishop of Valencia died in a Village near that City on the 16th of April It is reported of him but no Proof appears that he writ the History of Spain which he composed with much care tho the Stile was not of the best The Council of Trent broke up the 5th of December and was soon after confirm'd by Pope Pius the Fourth Of the Spanish Bishops those that most signalized themselves for Learning in this Council were D. Peter Guerrero Archbishop
Prince of Orange who had entred that Province with his Forces and made him retire taking several Towns and Castles and putting many Hereticks to the Sword At the same time the Morisco's that is those descended of the Moores rebelled in the Kingdom of Granada These People were never Loyal and were then incensed for that certain Proclamations were publish'd against them Many of them perish'd in the space of two Years that those Tumults lasted The Marquis of Mondejar overthrew them seven times tho with some considerable loss caused by the Disorderliness of his Men. Lastly D. John of Austria being General they were fully subdu'd The Punishment given to those Rebels has taken from them the power of rising again by dispersing them throughout Castile Almost at the same time died first Charles Prince of Spain in Prison where his Father kept him and then Queen Elizabeth his Mother-in-Law She died of a Miscarriage leaving only two Daughters Elizabeth and Katherine and never a Son which was the reason the King her Husband married again a fourth time His too much forwardness was the cause of the Prince's Death many things were reported concerning the cause of his Imprisonment and his Father's Displeasure But there is no doubt but he was Poison'd by his Father's Command The Prince of Orange was again this Year without any Bloodshed drove out of the Low Countries and forced to retire into France where he assisted the Rebels Anno 1569. Henry de Valois Duke of Anjou and General of the King of France his Army twice in Battel overthrew the Hereticks The first was on the 13th of March at Bassac a Village in the Province of Poitiers where the Prince of Conde was killed and the Admiral escap'd by flight his Brother d' Andelot died some time after of his Wounds The second Engagement was at Montcontour on the 3d. of October the success was the same only that of the Rebels the slaughter was greater 16000 being kill'd Two thousand Horse and 4000 Foot sent by the Pope did good Service here besides the Succours from Spain which behaved themselves well upon all occasions These Forces after obtaining the Victory return'd to Italy perishing with Cold Hunger and Sickness Pope Pius this Year publish'd his Bull wherein he gave the Kingdom of England to any that would conquer it excommunicated Queen Elizabeth and absolved her Subjects of their Allegiance At this time the War continuing hot in the Low Countries many Gentlemen signaliz'd themselves and gained Honour there such were Julian Romero Sancho Davila D. Alvaro de Sandi Collonel Mondragon Collonel Francis de Verdugo and D. Lope de Figueroa Anno 1570. Forty Jesuits going to Brasill with F. Ignatius de Azevedo were murder'd at Sea by Jaques de Soria a French Pyrate and perverse Heretick After the departure of the Prince of Orange the Low Countries were more at Peace In France a Peace was concluded with the Hereticks upon no very advantageous Terms so great was the desire all Men had conceived to see that War at an end At Rome Cosmo de Medicis obtained of the Pope the Title of Great Duke of Tuscany to the Dissatisfaction of other Princes who thought his Advancement was a lessening of them Nevertheless Maximilian the Emperor confirmed that Title to Francis de Medicis his Brother-in-law and the Son of Cosmo Ann Daughter to the Emperor Maximilian came by Sea from Flanders into Spain to be married to her Uncle King Philip. This Solemnity was performed the 12th of November at Segovia With the Queen came her two young Brothers Albertus and Wenceslaus About the end of this Year hapned so terrible an Earthquake at Ferrara that the Inhabitants were forced for some days to live in the Fields in Tents many Houses were overthrown and many much damaged But this Year was for nothing so remarkable as for the War in Cyprus which produced a Holy League among the Christian Princes After the Venetians had enjoyed Peace with the Turks the space of 30 years Selymus the Great Turk having made Peace with the Persians sent his Embassadors to require the Venetians to deliver up to him the Island of Cyprus which lyes near the Province of Cilicia in the lesser Asia and in case they refused to declare War against them This Demand being so unreasonable a War necessarily ensued and the Turks landing in Cyprus about the beginning of July under the Command of Mustapha on the 9th of September took Nicosia one of the two principal Cities of that Island Famagusta formerly called Salamis held out longer The Venetian Fleet sent to the Relief of the Besieged arrived at Candia where it was joined by 60 Gallies sent by the Catholick Kings under the Command of Andrew Doria Prince of Melfi but in October the Season being too far advanced they all returned to winter in their Ports without doing any thing Only Marius Quirinus a Venetian with 12 Gallies was ordered to put Supplies of Men Ammunition and Provision into Famagusta which he accordingly performed At the same time through the earnest Sollicitation of Pope Pius the 5th a League was concluded against the Turks betwixt his Holiness his Catholick Majesty and the Venetians They agreed to fit out 200 Gallies and furnish 50000 Foot and 4000 Horse the Charge to be defrayed in this manner The Pope was to pay the 6th part the Venetians one 3d and the King of Spain one half of the Expence Marc Antony Colonna was appointed to command the Pope's Gallies Sebastian Venerius those of Venice and D. John of Austria by common Consent of all Parties was constituted Admiral and Generalissimo of the Fleet and Land Forces Anno 1571. All things being ordered in this manner Venerius and Colonna arrived first at Messina in Sicily and after them in August came D. John of Austria On the 9th of which Month the City Famagusta in Cyprus having held out almost a year's Siege was forced to surrender upon Conditions which were not perform'd by the Barbarous Enemy but contrary to their Faith given they committed great Cruelties upon the unfortunate Christians The Confederate Fleet sailed from Sicily on the 16th of September They steered directly for the Islands Echinades now called Cuçolares opposite to the Gulph of Lepanto where they had Advice the Turkish Fleet lay Both Officers and Soldiers were eager to fight and prepared themselves with great Alacrity The Venetian Gallies were on the left Prince John Andrew Doria on the right and D. John of Austria with the Spanish Gallies in the Center and with him Marc Antony Colonna and the Venetian Admiral The chief Commendary of Castile and D. Alvaro Baçan Marquis of Sancta Cruz with 30 Gallies were left as a Reserve to send Relief where the greatest Danger appeared The Enemy came out of the Mouth of the Gulph and ranged their Fleet as is their Custom in the form of a Half-Moon Six Galeasses made the Forelorn of our Fleet which
Brother who call'd himself Hercules He after having imbroil'd France making himself Head of the Hereticks repair'd to the Low Countries and there at his first coming possessed himself of Cambray which till then continued Loyal This was not all for the following Year he went to Antwerp and there caused himself to be declar'd Duke of Brabant which was but a meer shadow the Prince of Orange having all the Power His Authority lasted not long being at the same time disappointed of Marrying the Queen of England Anno 1582. At Antwerp a youth a Biscainer call'd John de Xauregui resolv'd to kill the Prince of Orange To this intent one day after dinner he fired a Musket at him yet killed him not but gave him a dangerous Wound in the Cheek The young Man was presently torn to pieces and all that knew of the design executed A Burgundian managed his Business more successfully for being admitted into the Prince's Family he soon after killed him in Holland At Toledo was held a Provincial Synod in which were 7 Bishops and 2 Abbots and D. Gaspar de Quiroga Archbishop of Toledo presided the Marquis de Velada assisted at it in the King's Name This Year Pope Gregory cut off 10 days in October to reduce the Solsticies and Equinoxes to their former place Besides the Golden Number was taken from the Calendar and in its place was substituted the Epact all to regulate the Observation of Times for the future better than it was before Mary the Empress came to Spain and went to Lisbon where the King her Brother was settling the Affairs of that Kingdom and with him Cardinal Albertus Son to the Empress a Prince of extraordinary Parts Antony who called himself King of Portugal after he was overthrown fled into France and having gathered a Fleet there sailed over to the Islands Terceras otherwise called Açores which still held out for him Near the Island of S. Michael he was vanquished in a Sea Fight by D. Alvaro Baçan Marquis of Santa Cruz. Philip Strozzi one of the Admirals of the French Fleet was killed the Count de Brissac the other Admiral together with Antony the pretended King saved themselves by flight All the Prisoners of Note to the number of 80 and many others the Marquis put to death the King of France consenting to it Nevertheless the People of Tercera would not submit Anno 1583. This Year the Marquis return'd and fully subdu'd them D. Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo Duke of Alva departed this Life at Lisbon aged 74 Years Soon after him died there also Sancho de Avila of the kick of a Horse on the 8th of June He was of the House of Velada and born at Avila Prince James Son to King Philip deceased at Madrid on the 1st of February for which reason the Three Estates in Portugal swore his Brother Prince Philip Heir to that Crown This Parliament being dissolv'd and Cardinal Albertus the King's Nephew constituted Governour of Portugal King Philip return'd to Castile to provide for the necessary Affairs there Anno 1584. The Duke of Alençon having obtain'd his Brother's Pardon return'd into France after he had been in England and Flanders but going from Paris soon died either of Sickness or Poisoned as some would have it Death put an end to his aspiring Thoughts which had compassed the Sovereignty of England France and Flanders The Prince of Orange was killed with a Musket-shot on the 10th of June by a young Burgundian call'd Baltasar who had entred into his Service to that purpose Such was the death of the Author of so many Mischiefs but this did not pacify the Flemmings King Philip had by his Wife Queen Elizabeth two Daughters Elizabeth and Catherine It was reported the eldest was kept for her Cousin the Emperor Rodulphus The youngest was contracted to Charles Duke of Savoy Zaragoça the principal City of Aragon was the place appointed for celebrating of the Nuptials Before the King set forward upon this Journey the Three Estates of Castile at Madrid swore Prince Philip Heir to the Crown This Ceremony was perform'd on the 11th of November being Sunday and the day of S. Martin in the Monastery of S. Hierome near that Town Quiroga Cardinal of Toledo sang the Mass Anno 1585. This Solemnity being performed the King set out for Zaragoca in very rough Weather the Winter Season not being yet past Thither came also the Duke of Savoy by Sea and was received with great Honour by the King his Father-in-Law The Marriage was celebrated with great Pomp and Ostentation on the 18th of March News was brought not long after that Pope Gregory being very aged and famous for his great Wisdom departed this Life at Rome the 12th of April In May following Cardinal Felix Montalto who had first bin General of the Recolet Franciscans then Bishop and afterwards Cardinal was lastly promoted to S. Peter's Chair He took the Name of Sixtus the Fifth governed the Church five Years and four Months and had many good Qualities but as there is no Man without a fault he is blamed for being too severe and covetous and for promoting of his Kinsmen more than was justifiable He Canonized S. James of Alcala a Franciscan whose Body is kept and Honour'd in the Monastery of that Order at Alcala The Prince of Parma made War against the Rebels in the Low Countries and having recover'd Gent and many other Places after a long and streight Siege he kept upon Antwerp forced it to surrender in August This Siege was very famous for the many extraordinary Devices used on both sides as also for the obstinacy of the Defendants but the Conduct of the General and Valour of the Spaniards overcame all Difficulties King Philip accompanied the new-Married Couple as far as Barcelona whence they sailed for Italy In his return at Monçon he held the Cortes or Parliament of Aragon which sate long many difficulties arising among them The violent heat of Summer and Autumn which proved sickly was the cause that many died there especially of the Strangers and Courtiers At last this Parliament swore Prince Philip Heir of all those Domimions Pope Sixtus at his first Accession to the Papacy published his Bull in which he declared Henry King of Navarre a Heretick and Excommunicated and deprived him of the Right of Inheriting the Kingdom of France as he did also Henry Prince of Conde his Cousin-German in case King Henry Brother-in-Law to him of Navarre died without Issue which was likely because till then the Queen had never been with-Child Anno 1586. Nevertheless the King of France labour'd to secure the Succession to the King of Navarre without regarding the Pope's Threats whereupon many of the French Nobility conspir'd to raise a Rebellion under the Colour of Religion The Ringleader was the Duke of Guise which much perplexed the King seeing three powerful Factions on foot which he feared would again
their King who was assisted by the German Hereticks the Kings of England and Denmark and the Dutch The Catholick Electors Kings of Spain and Poland the Pope and Princes of Italy favour'd the Emperor On the 8th of November near Prague the Rebels were overthrown and 8000 of them slain The next day the City Prague was deliver'd to the Emperor Anno 1621. Pope Paul the V. died the 28th of January Cardinal Luis of Bolonia succeeded him and took the Name of Gregory the XV. On the 15th of March following died Philip the III. King of Spain at Madrid at the Age of 43 and having Reign'd 22 Years and a half His Body was buried in the Royal Monastery of S. Laurence of the Escuriall His Son Philip the IV. succeeded him being then 16 Years of Age. The End of Mariana 's Supplement The SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE History of SPAIN From the Year 1621 till 1649. Written by the Reverend F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo Preacher and Historiographer of the Order of S. Augustin Anno 1621. AT the Beginning of the Year 1621 Pope Paul the 5th governed the Church Philip the 3d was King of Spain Luis the 13th of France James the 1st of England Ferdinand the 2d was Emperor F. Alonso Vinacourt Master of Malta Antony Prioli Doge of Venice and Osman Emperor of Constantinople These were the Princes that ruled at the Beginning of the Year which before its End shewed the Instability of worldly Affairs in the Death of some of these Potentates Pope Paul the 5th departed this Life the 28th of January being 66 years of Age and having reigned 15 Years and 9 Months In his Place was elected on the 9th of February Alexander Ludovisius Cardinal and Archbishop of Bolonia being then 76 years of Age who took the Name of Gregory the 15th D. Emanuel de Azevedo y Zuniga Count de Monterrey went in the Catholick King 's Name to yield Obedience to him Upon Ashwednesday being the 31st of March the Great Monarch Philip the 3d of Spain changed this Life for a better He was a most singular Prince for Piety and Vertue and the best beloved of any that has held these Kingdoms His Death was in the 43d Year of his Age and 23d of his Reign King Philp the 4th as soon as he heard of his Father's Death took upon him the Government and began to act with greater Wisdom than could have been expected of his tender years He ordained that all Ministers of State should give in an Estimate of what they were worth when they first came to serve On the 22d of June he opened the Cortes at Madrid being 16 years of Age when he began his Reign as born the Year 1605 upon Good-Friday at Midnight Cardinal Bellarmine died at Rome September the 17th a Person of extraordinary Piety and Learning as appears by his Books against the Hereticks of our times and for the use of all other Persons Of two Galleons that came out of India one arrived safe at Lisbon the other fought 3 days with several Turks and having sunk 7 was himself at last burnt the loss was valued at above 2 Millions besides 600 Souls Other 13 Sail of Infidels being met in the Streights by D. Frederick the Admiral he sunk 9 took 2 and 2 fled The same D. Frederick with only 9 Ships fought 18 Hollanders at the Mouth of the Streights with good Success Upon the 21st of October D. Roderick Calderon was beheaded in the great Market-place of Madrid after he had been 2 years and a half Prisoner at Valladolid Much has been writ about him by the Name of Marquis of 7 Churches and his Wife had the publick Tears of all Persons to comfort her He himself was a rare Example of Patience and Constancy which lifted him above his Fortune Anno 1622. D. John Manrique Viceroy of Oran this Year several times defeated the Moores by which means their Insolency was abated At Rome in February 3 Suns were seen two of which were very small Xongusama Emperor of Japan provoked by the Villanous Insinuations of the Hollanders in hatred to the Catholick Religion caused diligent search to be made after the Preachers thereof and put to Death 125 of them burning alive 11 Dominicans 8 Augustinians 5 Franciscans and 9 Jesuits Osman the Great Turk invaded Poland with a mighty Army but having lost 160000 Turks in eleven several Battels he had with Prince Vladislaus returned with Shame to Constantinople There it being given out that he intended to remove his Court to Grand Caire the Janizaries mutinying put him into the Castle of the 7 Towers where they murdered him and taking out his Uncle Mustapha who was kept Prisoner there proclaimed him Emperor Anno 1623. Pope Gregory the 15th departed this Life at Rome July the 8th and on the 6th of August Cardinal Barberino was chosen in his Place and took the Name of Vrban the 8th This Year also died D. Peter de Castro y QuinÌones Archbishop of Sevil at the Age of 102 years Charles Prince of Wales Son to King James of England set out of London in a Disguise and at Paris whither he went Post saw the King and Queen at Dinner without being known Thence he departed and came to Madrid by the Post March the 17th taking up his Lodging at the English Embassador's who gave notice of his Arrival to Count Gondamar and he to the Duke de Olivares That Afternoon the Marquis of Buckingham went to visit him and gave him the reason of the Prince's coming to Spain The King caused him to remove to S. Hierom from whence he conducted him to the Court giving him the right-hand He was entertained with all the Majesty and Grandeur imaginable The Business he came about which was to marry the Princess Mary was canvassed but he proposing among other Articles the restoring of the Elector Palatin whom the Emperor had expelled for his Rebellion the Treaty was broke off and he returned to England dissatisfied but without reason The King of Persia with the assistance of the English took the City Ormuz a most important Place in the Gulph of Persia being the great Mart of Europe Asia and Africk D. James Pimentel General of the Gallies of Naples near Sardinia discovered 6 Sail of Turks whom he fought and took but with the loss of his Life having received a Musket-shot of which he died the 4th of October Mustapha the new Sultan being judged incapable to govern so great an Empire the Janazaries deposed him and set up in his Place Amurat Brother to Osman whom they had before murdered Anno 1624. This Year the Kingdoms of Grand Cathay and Tibet were discovered They lye beyond India bordering upon China on the North-side and are very large delightful and plentiful Countries The People abhor the Mahometans and scoff at the Pagans They have particular Ceremonies of their own and many Priests whom they call Lambas some
of whom live in Communities others by themselves All of them profess Poverty live upon Charity never marry and spend much of the day in Prayer Such of the People as have two Sons dedicate one to this Priestly Order Their Churches are neat the Walls and Roofs painted The Images they use are of Gold and among them one of a Woman which they say represents the Mother of God They acknowledge the Mysteries of the Incarnation and blessed Trinity and use Confession in some cases but only to the chief Lamba These and many other odd Rites seem to be the small Remains of the Doctrine of S. Thomas the Apostle This Country was with incredible labour discovered by F. Antony de Andrade a Portugues Jesuit This Year also the Great Empire of Ethiopia was converted to the Catholick Religion and a number of Priests and Friars of all Orders were sent for to Rome to instruct the People The Dutch Rebels always Enemies to Spain attempted this Year the Conquest of Brasil in America They arrived at the City S. Salvador with a Fleet of 35 Sail and in it 3000 Men and great store of Artillery Provisions and Ammunition They landed without any opposition and the Citizens seeking only to save their Lives fled to the Mountains abandoning the City The Enemy possessed themselves of it profaning the Churches and plundering the Houses where they found a great Treasure but enjoyed it not long being shamefully soon after expelled thence In India the Admiral Ruy Freyre de Andrade fought the Dutch and Turks together and defeated them On the 25th of November came to Madrid Charles Archduke of Austria and was received by the King Queen and Princes with great Demonstrations of Affection The Joy was soon turned into Sorrow for he was taken sick and died within a few days Anno 1625. The Happiness of this Year was began by the Jubilee kept at Rome with a mighty Concourse of People Vladislaus Prince of Poland the King 's Eldest Son was there nobly entertained and presented by the Pope James the 1st King of Great Britain died the 2d of March His Son Charles succeeded him The Marquis of Spinola after a most memorable Siege which alone would fill a Volume on the 2d of June made himself Master of Breda in Brabant At Madrid the Inquisition upon the 21st and 22d days of July burnt Benedict Ferrer and Reginald de Peralta both Hereticks The City S. Salvador and Baya de Todos Santos Brasil being taken by the Hollanders as has been said his Majesty ordered his Fleet to put to Sea under the Command of D. Frederick de Toledo This Fleet consisted of Castillians Portugueses and Neopolitans who soon expelled the Rebels that Province Notwithstanding the Peace with England above 100 Sail of English appeared before Cadiz They landed some Men but lost most of them together with their Reputation The wonderful Bell of Villilla in Aragon rung of it self this Year on the 28th of August threatning some great Misfortune to ensue May the 17th at Valladolid the Cardinal Duke of Lerma departed this Life A Man gracious in the height of his Fortune and nothing dejected in his greatest Adversity F. John de Mariana of the Society of Jesus born at Talavera de la Reyna who writ the History of Spain to which this Supplement is added changed this Life for a better at the Age of 92 years having eternized his Memory in his admirable Works Anno 1626. His Majesty went from Madrid to hold the Cortes of Aragon Valencia and Catalonia and having some business there so many Affairs were at once taken in hand that the King returned to Madrid without doing any thing There May the 29th Francis Barberino the Pope's Nephew and Legate made his Entry and was nobly entertained by the King to express how much he honoured such a Guest The Floods were so great in January that extraordinary Harm was done particularly at Sevil and Salamanca the Rivers Guadalquivir and Tormes drowning those Cities It was proposed to marry the Princess Mary of Austria to Ferdinand the 3d Emperor and King of Hungary This Year also was the Conference of Monçon between the Commissioners of France and Spain for reconciling the Differences about Valtolina Count Tilli the Imperial General obtained a most notable Victory over the King of Denmark upon the 27th of August Anno 1627. The Catholick Religion at this time began to spread in China In Japan the Persecution continued extreamly severe without sparing Sex or Age. This Year 10 Jesuits suffered Martyrdom being burnt with a slow Fire after they had been long kept in Prison But these Cruelties no way deterred those Fathers from repairing thither from sundry parts for the good of that People and Propagation of the Faith The Emperor having been of late successful in his Wars published an Edict at Prague the Capital of Bohemia commanding all that were not of the Catholick Religion either to conform or depart the Kingdom within 6 Months A certain Youth well born but very leud at Molsleim in Alsace obliged himself to the Devil by a Note under his hand to be his at the end of 7 years so he might obtain all he desired in the mean time he also bound himself to read no pious Books But God touching his Heart he put himself into the hands of the Jesuits of that City by whose means he was delivered and the Devil obliged to restore both Obligations Anno 1628. This Year was remarkable for the Siege of Cazal layed by D. Gonçalo de Cordova as also for that Peter Petrin a Dutch Pyrat seized the Fleet that lay in the Port of Matanças without any opposition Certain Dutch Ships entred the River between Guequil and the Island Puna in America and landing in their Long-boats some Men and 3 Pieces of Canon began to batter the City Jayaqui and fired the Suburbs where they killed 11 of our Men but were forced to retire having lost 80 of their Men 3 Boats and leaving behind the 3 Pieces of Canon Thence they went over to the Island Puna in which is a small Town of the Indians There they found a Friar of the Mercenarians who was left to instruct the Indians Having laid hold of him one of them said This Man every day eats his God let us take him out of his Belly Which said they ripped him up from the Belly to the Throat and pulled out his Heart This Year a Proclamation was set forth for lessening the Value of the Copper-money At Arjona a Town of note in the Bishoprick of Jaen were discovered many Skulls and other Bones of Men and about them Ashes Coles Tiles Stones and Chains of Iron These were supposed to be the Bodies of the Saints Bonosus and Maximianus who suffer'd Martyrdom in that Town in the Year 301 as also those of the Martyrs Apollo Isacius Crotas and others Much Blood was seen to flow from those dry Bones the Sent
of them was charming and many things supernatural have been done by them Anno 1629. On the 17th of October the Queen was delivered of a Prince who being Baptized by Cardinal Zapata was called Balthasar Charles Dominick This Prince lived till the 1646 when it pleased God to carry him to a better Life depriving Spain of the great hopes it had conceived of his excellent Qualities Luis the 13th the most Christian King of France after he had restored the Church to its Possessions in the Province of Bearne this Year ordered that Catholicks should preside in the Courts and Parliament at Pau. The first President by him appointed was Monsieur de la Marc a famous Civilian and great Historian The said King after he had secured Rochel and Montauban having a Victorious Army in a readiness resolved to turn it against the King of Spain To this purpose he agreed with the Duke of Savoy to raise the Siege of Cazal The Marquis Spinola had distressed that Place when the French Army surmounting many Difficulties came before it A Nuncio at the same time coming thither from the Pope and the Marquis dying nothing was done till the ensuing Year Anno 1630. This Year the Order of the Regular Clergy called the Theatines was first founded in the City Zaragoza by the pious and devout Placidus Mirtus At this time the joint Forces of the Emperor and Catholick King were victorious over the Venetians and over-run their Territories Mantua was plundered and Cazal so streightly besieged that if the pressing Instances of the King of France had not prevailed for a Peace it had doubtless been reduced to very great streights Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden upon pretence of restoring the Palatin and Duke of Mecklenburg and re-establishing the former Liberty of the Circles of Vpper and Lower Saxony declared War against the Emperor and invaded the Island of Riga The Emperor solemnly declared him an Enemy to the Empire Pope Vrban the 8th ordained that the Cardinals should for the future have the Title of most Eminent whereas before they were stiled most Illustrious King Philip with his Brothers Charles and Ferdinand accompanied his Sister the Queen of Hungary as far as Zaragoça on her way as she was going to be married to the then King of the Romans From Zaragoça his Majesty with his Brothers returned to Madrid and the Queen of Hungary continued her Journey to Barcelona D. Ferdinand Mascarenas Governour of Tangier obtained a notable Victory over the Moores of Morocco Pope Vrban beatified John of God the Father of the Poor Anno 1631. The French having before possessed themselves of the Valley of Valtolina between the Grisons and Milan and of Pignerol and other places in Italy now entred Lorain All this Country they brought under their Obedience Charles the Duke and his Brothers being forced to fly and the Dutchess made a Prisoner Their chief Design was to hinder any Supplies being sent to the Emperor against Gustavus Adolphus and to be revenged of the Duke who refused to enter into the League the French had made with Sweden The Hollanders gaping after the rich Trade of Brasil set out a Fleet commanded by Henry Lonck who arriving at Pernambuco had that Place delivered to him by the Governor Mathias de Albuquerque he being wholly unprovided to make any resistance Above 80 Persons of all sorts and among them 4 that had newly taken the Habit of S. Augustin suffered Martyrdom at Nangasaqui in Japan Anno 1632. On the 4th of July the Inquisitor General Cardinal Antony Zapata presiding and both their Majesties being present Judgment was given by the Inquisition against 7 perfidious Jews who renewed the Passion of our Saviour in his Image These 7 were burnt alive and 4 in Effigie besides others that suffered other Punishments This Year began the Conversion of the Chaldeans at the City Baçora by the means of an Augustin Friar so successfully that all those ignorant People called the Christians of S. John submitted themselves to the Pope giving it under their hands and sending the Instrument by F. Roderick of S. Michael his Preacher whom the Pope received with incredible Joy In the time of Pope Clement the 5th and Philip the 3d King of Spain F. Alexius de Meneses of the Order of S. Augustin Archbishop of Goa and Primate of India had reduced Multitudes of the Nestorians of that Country and afterwards himself instructed and baptized above 14000 Gentiles in those same parts The Count de LinÌares Viceroy of India understanding that the King of Mombaça had revolted and killed many Portugueses besides that being a Christian he had renounced the Faith sent Francis de Mora with a Fleet of 20 Sail who recovered the Fort the King and his People abandoning of it Prince Balthasar Charles was sworn Heir to the Crown March the 7th at the Church of S. Hierome in Madrid there being present the Prelates Nobility and Commonalty as is the Custom upon the like Occasions Monday the 7th of July a Fire broke out in the quarter of the Butchery of the Market-place of Madrid It raged so vehemently that after 33 Houses great and small were burnt it was look'd upon as a miracle that it could be stopped Some People were killed and the loss sustained was very great Prince Charles Brother to the King and Prince Cardinal died at Madrid the 3d. of July in the prime of his Years and with him the great hopes conceived of his Excellent Qualities Upon the 7th of October the Marquis de Flores Davila Governour and Captain-General of Oran fought a great Battel with the Moores call'd Benarages who live at the Mouth of the River Zahara 20 Leagues from that City The King at the request of the Princess of Flanders appointed the Prince Cardinal Ferdinand Governour of the Low Countries and accompanied him to Barcelona where he took Ship and passing over to Italy came to Milan on the 24th of May 1633. The Catholick Imperial Army and that of the Protestants under Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden fought a most bloody Battel two Miles from Lipstat in which both the King and Papenheim the Imperial General were killed and tho the Advantage was not great on either side the Swedes marching off by Night granted the Victory to the Imperialists Anno 1633. The most Illustrious Princess Elizabeth Clare Eugenia Governess of the Low Countries departed this Life at Brussells on the 1st day of December at the Age of 67 Years She was a Lady of singular Piety and of an Heroick Spirit Charles Duke of Lorrain General of the Catholick League was very successful in Alsace Count Mathias Galassus obtained several Victories in Silesia and the Spaniards took some Places in the Archbishoprick of Cologne A Treaty of Peace between the Emperor and Duke of Saxony was began by means of the King of Denmark and the Landtgrave of Hesse Darmstat but it sorted no effect the Rebels being
Marquis of Pobar to try his Fortune with 2500 Horse who were all unfortunately lost without Fighting and the Marquis made Prisoner This Year on the 9th of October to the great Regret of all Spain died the most Serene Prince Ferdinand of Austria Brother to King Philip. He was in his Youth created Cardinal and Archbishop of Toledo and afterwards Governor and Captain General of the Low Countries He was but 31 Years and a half old when he departed this Life but lives for ever in the Fame of the many Victories he obtained Pope Vrban the 8th this Year created at once 14 Cardinals Anno 1642. King Philip being in care for the Affairs of Catalonia and desiring to reduce his Subjects in that Province calling together the Nobility went away to Zaragoça in the beginning of April Mean while the Fleet set out from Cadiz commanded by the Duke of Cuidadreal and having met and engaged the French Fleet a sudden Storm arising dispersed it This and the Impossibility of relieving Perpignan by Land obliged the Marquis de Flores Davila Governor there to surrender upon honourable Terms after the Town had suffered extreamly through want of Provisions This was a considerable loss Perpignan being the best Fortress in Catalonia against the French The main Body of our Army having taken the Posts about Lerida in order to besiege it Monsieur de la Motte with the French Forces marched to the Relief of the Place but the Marquis de Leganez attacked and forced him to retire leaving behind him 3 Pieces of Cannon The Rains were so excessive about Sevill at the beginning of this Year that the River swelled above its Banks and the Inundation was so great that all the Shores being stopped as is usual upon the like Occasions the City was filled with the Rain From the 17th till the 26th of January the River never fell nor were the Shores opened This Flood was greater than that in the Year 1625. All Triana and the Quarters of S. Bernard and S. Rocque were drowned so was that of Santelmo the Convent of S. James and S. Sebastian and other Neighbouring Places yet no body perished for the Chapter of the Cathedral gave every day the value of 2500 Ducats in Bread besides other Charity to relieve those that had suffered by the Inundation The Mole Bridge and all the Boats were carried away Anno 1643. Luis the 13th the most Christian King of France departed this Life May the 14th King Philip having setled the Affairs of his Court set out again for Catalonia Mean while the Duke and Count of Olivares with his Majesty's leave whose great Favourite he had been quitted the Government he had long managed and retired to Loeches a Monastery of Descalced Dominican Nuns founded by himself where he stayed till his Removal to Toro in which place he setled with his Wife and Family till he died The City of Lerida taken by Monsieur de la Motte General of the French Army was a long time besieged by the Forces of the Catholick King till the Enemy after an obstinate Defence was compelled by extream Famine to deliver it to his Majesty who in Person took Possession of that Place to the great Joy of the Inhabitants for being restored to their lawful Soveraign Anno 1644. Pope Vrban the 8th died the 29th of July having sat in S. Peter's Chair 21 Years Innocent the 10th was chosen to succeed him on the 15th of September The most renowned Elizabeth of Bourbon Queen of Spain deceased October the 6th to the unspeakable Grief of these Kingdoms and particularly of the Catholick King her Husband Her Exequies were most solemnly performed in the Monastery of S. Hierom in Madrid and in all Cities of France and Spain She was a Princess of singular Wisdom and Judgment in matter of Government and had by his Majesty 5 Daughters and one Son which was Prince Balthasar Charles King Philip the 4th returned to Zaragoça where the Prince was sworn Heir of that Kingdom and took an Oath to preserve their Priviledges On the 22d of July at Toro died the Duke and Count of Olivares and was buried in the Monastery of Nuns he had built at Loeches He also founded the Pallace called Buenretiro at Madrid for the Diversion of the Kings D. Luis de Haro was his Heir Him the King sent to the Provinces of Andaluzia to obtain of them a Supply of Money which they granted with extraordinary Liberality The Cortes of Aragon being summoned to meet at Zaragoça in September the King took his way thither with the Prince and having opened the Cortes left the Bishop of Malaga to preside there and went away himself with the Prince to Valencia There also the Cortes of that Kingdom were assembled and swore the Prince Heir the King honouring several Noble Families with Titles and other Demonstrations of his Affection On the 4th of December his Majesty returned to Madrid and issued his Writs for the Cortes to meet at Madrid the 22d of February Cardinal Borja having taken Possession of the Archbishoprick of Toledo and being constituted President of the Council of Aragon died of the Gout at Madrid the 28th of December and was buried in his own Cathedral The Cardinal Sandoval then Bishop of Jaen was by the King appointed to succeed him and he positively refusing that Honour three several times his Majesty prevailed with the Pope to lay his positive Commands upon him to which he was forced to submit Few such Prelates are now adays to be found The Plate Fleet arrived in good time and very rich tho there hapned great Storms and above 30 Ships of Strangers were cast away This was the severest Winter that for many years had been seen in Spain or in all Europe For above 60 days the Sun never shined out mighty Snows fell Rivers swelled and the Frost was great so that the Roads were for a time shut up to the great hindrance of Trade It was observed that a great number of Frenchmen came to Burgos in the Habit of Pilgrims on pretence of going to Santiago but as it appeared designing under that disguise to get into Portugal Expresses were sent about to apprehend them all and above 90 were sent Prisoners to Madrid Anno 1645. February the 22d the Cortes of Castile according to Summons met at Madrid and the King as is usual having assisted in Person at the opening thereof and recommended to them the Care of the Kingdom referred them to the President who was to continue at all their Sessions in his Name The Marquis de Leganez was sent with a considerable body of Horse and Foot to command as Captain-General in the Province of Estremadura against the Portugueses With him went the Marquis Molinguen General of Horse They in several Skirmishes worsted the Enemy pursuing them into their own Borders and bringing thence considerable Booties of Cattel and a great number of Prisoners After this the Marquis
himself Master of both those places which done he possessed all the Posts about Orbitello where Charles de la Gata a Spaniard commanded and laid close Siege to it He raised several Batteries which play'd furiously upon the Town making large breaches in the Walls and still carried on his Works with great Labour But the Governour was no less industrious and vigilant still making up what the Enemies Cannon had ruin'd and with often sallies firing and destroying their Works At length the Fleet of Naples came to the Relief of the Besieged and in some Encounters with the Enemy had always the best The Spanish Forces also of Naples and Milan being joined and approaching to the assistance of the Besieged Prince Thomas finding his Army much diminish'd not only by the Assaults he had given but much more by Sickness caused by the excessive heat of the Weather retir'd back with his Army into Piedmont Thus after a Siege of 60 days Orbitello was deliver'd from danger whereas most Men judged it could not have held out above 20. It was not long before the French retrieved this Disgrace for their Fleet being soon refitted returned under the Command of the Mareschal Meleraie who possessing himself of Porto Longone in the Island Ilva opposite to the City Plombin with the same ease brought that City also to Subjection The War with Partugal was not this Year carried on with any great vigour nor any notable Action done on that side Several Incursions were made by our Parties with good success defeating those of the Enemy and bringing away great Booties of Cattel At last the Enemy with a powerful Army took the Field designing to besiege Badajoz and threatning the whole Province of Estremadura All this Preparation fell to nothing for they compassed not the razing the Fort of Telena as they intended but retired from before it with much precipitation upon the approach of the Spanish Army leaving the Fort as they found it In the Low Countries the Duke of Anguien with an Army of 40000 Men took Courtray and Winoxberg and recover'd Mardike before surprized by the Spaniards This done they laid Siege to Dunkirk which had been his principal design this place being of great importance as the chief Port the Spaniards then resorted to was bravely defended by the Marquis de Lede with a Garison of 4000 Men. But the Duke having a numerous Army which he no way spared and the Hollanders with their Fleet lying before the Harbour so that no Relief could be put into the Place it was at last surrendred upon honourable Conditions King Philip having made choice of D. John Enriquez de Cabrera Great Admiral of Castile and late Viceroy of Naples for the Embassy to Rome to yield Obedience to Pope Innocent the X. he performed that Ceremony on the 28th of April with the greatest Pomp and Magnificence that had been seen in Rome for many Years Balthasar Charles Prince of Spain and then the only Heir of the Crown having lain sick but 3 days died the 9th of October in the flower of his Age to the unspeakable Grief of all these Kingdoms Also Mary the Empress departed this Life at Lintz in Austria leaving 3 Children This Year the wonderful Bell of Vililla in Aragon rung of it self three times in one day which was Monday the 30th of April the first time it gave 11 strokes the second 8 and the third 7. Anno 1647. D. John of Austria living retir'd at OcanÌa was this Year called thence to take the command of Generalissimo by Sea He set sail from Cadiz with a mighty Fleet and entring the Streights took a rich French Ship which carried Presents of great value to the Queen of Portugal At Tarragona he landed 4000 Men for the Service of Catalonia and sail'd thence to Naples A Deputy sent by the City Valencia to complain of certain Grievances came to the Court of Madrid and was received by the King with all possible Demonstrations of Honour all the Grandees and Noblemen of the Court attending him and his House was allow'd the same Priviledges as those of Foreign Ministers After the defeat of Monsieur de Harcour at Lerida the Prince of Conde was constituted General of the French Forces in Catalonia and coming Post to Barcelona took possession of that Command the 15th of April On the 12th of May he laid Siege to Lerida taking the same Posts that Harcour had done the Year before and batter'd it furiously D. Gregory de Brito that famous Portugues was then Governor of that City who defended it with much bravery making several sallies in which he kill'd many of the Enemy and took several Prisoners On the 18th of June the Prince of Conde by night raised his Siege and march'd over the River Noguera to a place called Las Horcas de Lerida Next day a supply of 1000 Foot with Ammunition and Provisions was put into the City The Marquis de Aytona march'd with an Army of 12000 Foot and 3500 Horse against the Prince of Conde who being too weak to oppose him dispers'd his Forces into the strong Garisons expecting new supplies from France The Constable of Castile Governour of Milan took Niza de la Palla Alva and other places in Montferrat ravaging the Country and driving the French into their Places of strength The Duke of Arcos Viceroy of Naples sent him 2500 Men in 12 Galleys commanded by Janetin Doria He landed these Forces at Final and in his return to Naples discovering the French Fleet consisting of 25 Men of War 8 Fireships and 13 Galleys he retired into Savona a Port of the Genoeses whether the French Fleet pursued threatning to burn all our Galleys unless they surrendred The Governour of Savona sent to the French Admiral to let him know if he fired a Shot he would answer with all the Guns of the City which made the French lie still till hearing that the Spanish Fleet was coming they retir'd to Toulon In the Low Countries nothing considerable was done this Year the French appear'd about Antwerp and thence moved to Oudenard without attempting any thing of moment A Truce was concluded with the Hollanders and proclaim'd at the Hague so that a free Trade was re-establish'd between them and the Spanish Provinces After the Archduke Leopold had taken upon him the Government of the Low Countries he assembled all his Forces and took from the French Armentiers Landresi and several other Places of less Note In June the Articles of Marriage betwixt King Philip and the Archdutchess Mary Anne Eldest Daughter to the Emperor Ferdinand the III. were brought to Madrid and receiv'd with great Joy and Satisfaction of the whole Court We will end this Year with the Relation of the most wonderful Rebellion that hapned at Naples After that City and Kingdom became subject to the Kings of Spain it was for some time govern'd with great Moderation and had very ample Priviledges granted to it especially by
about 700 sick and wounded following them as they recovered This Year was remarkable and fatal for the continual Rains and vast Floods that ensued which destroyed multitudes of Cattel and many Buildings At Sea there were prodigious Storms and a great number of Ships cast away Winter being farther advanced the Frost was so severe it destroyed all Plants and great numbers of Fruit-Trees This mighty Frost gave occasion to Charles Alonso called first the Palatine of Deuxponts and afterwards King of Sweden to perform the boldest Action that ever was attempted by Man This Prince about the end of November marched his whole Army in which were 5000 Horse with all the Artillery and Baggage over the Sea upon Ice from Jutland in Denmark to the Island Alsen and thence to Langelandt which is 8 miles distant from the other From Langelandt he marched still over the Ice to Laland thence to Falster and so to Zeelandt the greatest Island of Denmark in which is the Court of that Kingdom at Copenhagen In the Spring of this Year came to the Court of Madrid an Ambassador of the Black King of Arda a Heathen The Ambassador's Name was Abani he was received and entertained with all possible Grandeur the Design of his coming being to obtain Preachers for the introducing the Christian Religion into that Kingdom Twelve Capucins were appointed by the King for that Mission and in his Letters to that Prince he promised if the Faith were once settled in his Dominions he would erect Seminaries of that Nation not only in India but in Spain also for the Education of the Youth of Arda who having received Holy Orders should be sent home to instruct the People In Catalonia the Marquess of Mortara Viceroy and Captain General of that Kingdom understanding the French had laid siege to the Castle of Canderon marched from Vich with 1800 Horse and above 1000 Foot and encamped not far from Canderon in sight of the Enemy upon a Hill The Enemy seeing him pushed on their Attacks and at the same time in a small Plain drew out 2300 Horse and about 4000 Foot leaving enough to secure their Works Joseph de Tapia Governour of the Castle having by Signs given the Viceroy to understand that he could not hold out above two days his Excellency resolved to relieve him In order to it he sent down D. James Gavallero with the best part of our Forces to ford the River Ter which runs through the Valley on that part opposite to the Enemy's Right Wing Mean while the Viceroy himself drew up the rest of his Troops and marched down on the Right opposite to the Enemy's Left Wing D. James took no notice of 30 French that were in a Tower that stood in his way but passing by it charged the Enemy with such Bravery that he obliged them to fly in great Disorder At the same time D. Marco Alexandro Borro fell on upon the other Flank so that he gave them no leisure to succour their Wing that gave way D. James still advancing to the Enemy's Works found they kept close within them and therefore he sent D. Alexander Morera and D. Alonso de Villar to dislodge them who executed it killing a great number and taking two Pieces of Cannon that battered the Castle Our Foot on the Left Wing advanced to the Regiment of Champagne and put it to the rout D. James Cavallero pursued the flying Enemy thinking to cut off their Retreat but tho' he took several Prisoners he could not compass his Design the Horse being of little use in the Mountain We had not above 100 Men killed and wounded Of the Enemy a great number was killed and 1600 taken and among them the Marquess of Montnegre General of the Horse his Brother 7 Colonels 80 Captains several Colours and all the Baggage This Year a small Squadron of Privateers sailed from Majorca to the Westward under the Command of Jaime Llorens They scoured all the Mediterranean to the Streights of Gibraltar taking several Prizes of great Value and then failing into the Ocean ran all along the Coast of Portugal as far as Cape Finisterre alarming all those Coasts but meeting with no Booty they returned into the Streights The Duke of S. German had taken Olivença from the Portugueses who could not relieve it Emanuel de Saldana the Governour marched out with the Garrison and was Prisoner afterwards at Lisbon as not having performed his Duty After this it was proposed to take Elvas a City 3 Leagues distant from Badajoz seated on a rising Ground which is all taken up with it and the Citadel there being no other Hill near it It s ancient Walls are enclosed within new ones strengthened with Bulwarks Ditches Ravelins and a covered Way so that it is accounted one of the strongest Places in Christendom D. Luis de Haro resolved to carry this Place by starving it He encamped before it and took his Quarters near the Conduits that carry the Water into the City which were immediately cut off The Town was much straitned for want of Provisions and it was thought might have been taken but that our Officers were not unanimous and envied D. Luis de Haro the Honour of reducing that Fortress Discord so prevailed with them that they suffered the Enemy to relieve the Place and so they were forced with Disgrace to quit that Enterprize The Duke of Ossuna General of the Horse in Estremadura understanding that the Enemy gathered Forces about Elvas to break into his Province broke in himself with 5000 Horse that way burning the Country and driving a great Booty of Cattel The Enemy posted themselves with a Body of Horse and Foot on a Hill in the Duke's way and he finding it not practicable to attack them there endeavoured to draw them into the Plain but could not This moved the Duke to march another way the Portugueses keeping still within view whilst he burnt all the Country and retired without any loss The Duke of S. German upon the news of the Enemy's Preparations at Elvas resolved to send the Duke with 2000 Horse to make another Incursion higher into the Country On the 13th of April he set forwards and the next day was betwixt Portalegre and Aronches having all that way burnt the Villages drove the Cattel and cut down the Corn. To put a stop to these Mischiefs the Enemy to the number of 1500 Horse and 800 Foot posted themselves in an advantageous Ground where it was impossible to attack them by reason of the difficult access to them The Duke seeing they did not offer to molest him continued his march and having burnt all for the space of 22 Leagues returned with 8000 Head of small Cattel 1000 of large and 300 Horses and Mules On the 30th of May the Duke of Ossuna marched with 1300 Horse and 200 Foot to take a strong Watch-Tower within half a League of Elvas Having viewed the Place he placed 200 Horse in the Road to Campomayor
towards them with his Army but they retired under the Cannon of ãâã and Elvas where they continued some Days our Army lying in sight of them till they not able to endure the heat of the Dog-Days dispersed into their Garrisons and D. John quartered his Men as was before designed Our Horse lest at Aronches made an Incursion towards Portalegre and brought away 7000 head of Cattle Count Sohomberg one of the Enemies Generals with 16 Squadrons of Horse attacked the Guard of the Bridge at Badajoz to whose Assistance D. John Pacheco Lieutenant General of Horse was come with 5 Squadrons out of the Town They had a sharp Dispute but our Lieutenant General being killed his Men discouraged retired to the Town 600 Horse of Aronches made another ãâã towards Portalegre took 5300 head of Cattle plundered many Gentlemen's Houses I made a Party of 60 of the Enemies Horse Prisoners and retired without meeting any Opposition The harms done by the Garrison of Aronches were so great that the neighbouring Towns petitioned the Queen either to reduce that Place or ãâ¦ã them to pay Contributions that they might be able to subsist D. John of Austria marched out of Ziafra with 3000 Foot 2000 Horse and 4 Pieces of Cannon and on the 5th of December surprised Alconchel with the loss of only 5 Men. This is a strong Castle on this side Guadiana whence the Enemy used to infest all the Country about There were in it when taken 90 Foot and 30 Horse much Cattle other Provisions and Ammunition D. John having put 160 Horse and Foot under the Command of a Major into this Fort with all Necessaries for their Subsistence returned to Zafra and sent his Forces into Quarters The Portugueses hired 6 English Merchant Ships and sent aboard them to the Jews of Leghorn 3200 Chests of Sugar much Brazil Wood Spice and other Goods to the Value of 600000 Ducats These Ships were taken by the Algorines who having lightned them of all the Merchandize and made Prisoners of 140 Portugueses and Italians dismissed the English with their Vessels being then at Peace with them and gave each of the Masters 25 Chests of Sugar to pay their Freight The Duke of Ossuna being come to the Frontiers of Castile with the Post of Captain General encamped beyond the Bridge of Guidad Rodrigo with Two Thousand Four Hundred Foot Four hundred Horse and 4 Pieces of Cannon Thence he warched to Gallegos a strong Garrison of ours 2 Leagues and a half from Guidad Rodrigo and so passed on Two Leagues and a half farther to Valdelamula the first Town of the Enemy a Place well fortified and seated on a rising Ground He sent to summon the Garrison who returned a resolute Answer The Duke appointed 4 Captains with each 100 Men at once to scale the Walls in as many places who advanced courageously and tho' the Enemy made a hot Fire breaking down the Pallisadoes layed their Ladders to the Walls and mounted making themselves Masters of the Fort. Many of the Defendants were killed one Captain some other Officers and 60 Men made Prisoners The Governour fled casting himself off the Wall and Night favouring his Escape Of our Men only 4 were killed and as many wounded The same Day the Duke sent a Summons to the Town and Castle of S. Peter half a League from Valdelamula and as much from Almeyda but the Garrison refusing he marched thither with a Regiment of Foot and at first sight the Place was surrendred upon Condition the Inhabitants might depart with their Goods Three Watch Towers in sight of Almeyda were taken and burnt as were the Towns of Juncia and Malpartida S. Peter's Fort was demolished being so near Valdelamula Almosala was also burnt after the Inhabitants had made some Resistance Much Corn was found in all these Places which served the Horse for Forrage and all the rest was burnt D. Roderick de Castro Count of Amezquitela and General of the Province Tralosmontes was now marching towards these Frontiers with 5000 Foot and 6 Troops of Horse The same did D. John de Melo Governour of the Province Beira with other 5000 Foot and some Horse D. Sancho Manuel was also ordered this way with 3000 Foot and 1500 Horse The Duke of Ossuna finding himself too weak to oppose so great a Power demolished the Fort of Valdelamula blew up the Tower and burnt the Town there being no possibility of relieving it if besieged This done he fortified Gallegos and then marching to Albergaria layed Siege to it He had but 4 Pieces of Cannon the 2 biggest of which burst at the beginning of the Battery yet he brought the other two nearer to the Wall and having made a Breach the Garrison Capitulated and delivered the Place upon honourable Conditions Hence he removed and by Force took Soto and Quadrasa both which he hurnt overthrowing all the Works about them In these three last Towns were taken from the Enemy above 20000 bushel of Corn and 30 Horses and all the Mountain Gata with the Country about were cleared of Enemies for Albergaria and those other Towns kept all that Country in awe so that there was no Traffick nor Security in any part On the 1st of November it pleased God to take away Prince Philip Prosper He died of Convulsion Fits which he had been subject to since his Birth To make up for this Loss the Queen was happily delivered on the 6th of November of another Prince who was baptized the 21th of the said Month in the Royal Chappel by D. Alonso Perez de Guzman Patriarch of the Indies and called Charles Joseph with 15 other Names The publick Joy for the Birth of this Prince was redoubled with the News brought to Court that on the 1st of November was born the Dauphin of France Grandson to his Catholick Majesty At Malaga on the 22d of September between 7 and 8 in the Morning all that City and the Country about was so darkened with black Clouds that every body foresaw some Destruction like to follow At 9 it began to thunder lighten and rain with such violence that the Gutters could not carry the Water off the Houses nor the Streets deliver the great Flood This lasted till Noon when the Rivulets that fall from the Mountain of Gibraltar swelled so high that they filled the Houses in those Streets near them and those Waters meeting with the Flood issuing from Guadalmedina which comes from the Hills of Casavermeja and Zambra broke down the wooden Bridge opposite to the new Gate carrying it away till it stuck a cross the great Arch of the Stone Bridge over against the Monasteây of S. Dominick That being a stop to the passage of the Waters they bore down the Bridge with its Towers and carried all away to the Sea which at that time ran in Mountains casting up its broken Waves to the Clouds The Inundation bore away all the Houses from the Orchards of the 13 Crosses as far
with Sardinia 272 Seeks Aid against the French 226 King of England Prepares to invade France 545 King of Granada murder'd 251 King of Leon makes War upon his Son the King of Castile 199 King of Majorca delivers himself to the King of Aragon 205 King of Morocco comes to assist King Alonso of Castile 222 King of Navarre murders the Cnostable of France 273 Uses Means to recover his Possessions in France 322 King and Queen of Navarre Excommunicated 546 King of Portugal invades Castile 237 Sworn Heir of Castile 481 Kings alike in the manner of their Death 144 Of Aragon and Castile join againd Navarre Of Aragon and Navarre Prisoners Set at Liberty 361 Of Castile and Aragon meet Of Castile and Aragon Invade the Moors 215 Of Castile and Navarre meet 305 Of Castile and Portugal after their Victory return to Sevil 264 Of France and Aragon meet and are reconcil'd 213 Of Portugal and Castile meet 416 Of the Moors 116 Knights of Alcantara their Original 194 Of Calatrava their Original 176 Of Montesa in Aragon and of Christ in Portugal Instituted 249 Of Santiago or S. James the Apostle 244 Increase of these Knights 245 Templers Hospitallers c. 103 Templers destroy'd 244 Their Possessions in Spain 245 L. Lancaster Duke lands at Coruna 303 Lara's Family conspires against the young King of Castile 196 Seize the Government into their hands The Archbishop obliges them to take an Oath Alvaro the Elder of them Excommunicated Seizes upon the Queen's Lands and banishes her 198 Is taken by the King and set at Liberty 199 His and his Brother Ferdmand's Death 200 Lautrech in Guipuzcoa 551 Laws establish'd by King Wamba 94 League betwixt Castile and Aragon renew'd 174 176 Against Peter Ruiz de Azagra 180 Against Castile 184 Betwixt Castile and Aragon 233 221 Against the French 468 Against the Venetians 509 Offensive and Defensive betwixt the two Kings of Spain 519 Of Cambray 532 For Defence of the Church 544 Learned Spaniards â50 Legate makes Peace among Christian Princes 183 Lelius successful against Viriatus 36 Leo King of Armenia in Spain 297 Leo the 10th Chosen Pope 553 Leon City built 55 Taken with other Places by the Infidels 128 Taken by the Christians 104 Leon Kingdom rebels 128 Lepidus the Consul routed with the Loss of 6000 Romans 39 Leuvigildus drives the Romans out of Spain Chooses his two Sons Companions with him in the Throne 78 Besieges Sevil. 80 Persecutes the Catholicks His Death 81 Causes of his Conversion He was the first Goth that us'd the Royal Ornaments 82 Liberty of Conscience 62 Licinius Nerva 32 Licinius Lucullus 34 His Barbarous Cruelty 35 Licinius Larcius Governs Spain 54 Lisbon taken by King Alonso the 2d of Leon. 109 Besieg'd taken by King Alonso the first of Portugal 171 Besieg'd and the Siege rais'd 300 Liuva succeeds his Father Recaredus Is murder'd 86 Longin us in Danger of being murder'd for his Avarice and Cruelty Is cast away going to Italy 46 D Lope de Haro Favourite to King Sancho thi 3d of Castile 229 Is kill'd at Court 230 Love Adventure 331 Loxa City besieged by the Christian without Success Taken with other Places 449 D. Lucas de Tuy a famous Writer 204 Lucius Canulcyus 32 Luis the younger King of France comes into Spain His Entertainment 174 Luis the 9th King of France sends Presents to Toledo and undertakes the Conquest of the Holy Land Fol. 211 p. 2 Dies and Philip succeeds 249 Luis the 10th King of France dies 559 Luis the 11th King of France dies 436 Luis the 12th King of France dies 481 Luis Duke of Orleans murder'd 326 Luis Duke of Anjou Adopted Heir of Naples 344 Luis Sforza Duke of Milan 466 Luna Town built 155 Lusitani so call'd from Lusus 8 M. Macedonius his Heresy condemn'd 65 Madrid taken and ruin'd 122 Mahomet the Founder of Mahometisme born A. M. 5800 79 Mahomet usurps the Kingdom of Cordova and secures Hissem Is overthrown and 30000 of his Men slain 131 Mahomet inthron'd by the Abenhumeyas 133 Mahomet King of Granada in Africk 256 Is murder'd 257 Mahomet King of Granada dies 295 Mahomet King of Granada expell'd by his Subjects 341 Restor'd 348 Again expell'd and restor'd 356 Imprison'd 372 Mahomet usurps the Crown of Granada 318 Is depos'd 380 Mahometan Power its Increase 90 Majorca City taken by Storm 205 Majorca sabdned by the Aragonians 265 Malecontents in Andaluzia 530 Mancmus succeeds Pupilinus 38 Concludes a dishonourable Peace with the Numantians and is deliver'd up to them 39 Mandonius and Indibilis revolt 30 Manlius Acidinus 32 Many Towns built and repair'd 123 Towns taken 151 Roman Colonies planted in Spain 50 Places taken by the Aragonians from the Moors 174 Nobles reduced Places taken by the Christians Fol 206 p. 2 Marcellus suceeds Fulvius 34 Marcius restores the Roman Power in Spain 26 Marcus Marcienus 32 Marcus Junius 32 Marcus Marcellus 32 Marius and Cinna 41 marquess de Villena his double Dealing 423 Marquess del Gasto comes over to the Spaniards 493 495 Marriages 187 Of King Henry's Bastards 295 King Ferdmand of Castile with the Princess of Portugal 240 Of Princes Of the Prince of Aragon with the Princess of Castile 337 Marseilles taken by the Aragonians 345 Martin de Freitas the Famous Loyal Governour of Coimbra 210 Martin the 4th Pope and the King of Aragon at variance 223 Martin the 5th Chosen Pope 338 Dies 354 Martin Lopez Master of Calatrava faithful to King Peter 288 Martin King df Aragon 316 Marries 329 Dies 330 Martin King of Sicily dies 328 Mary de Padilla Mistriss to King Peter 269 Dies 280 Declar'd by King Peter his lawful Wife 281 Mary Princess of Castile contracted to the King of Portugal 486 Mary Queen of Sicily dies 321 Mallacre of the French call'd the Sicilian Vespers 123 Massinissa joins with the Romans 29 Master of Alcantara cut off by the Moors 314 Master of Santiago strengthens himself against his Enemies 416 Dies 421 Masterships of Military Orders annex'd to the Crown 453 464 Mauregatus the Bastard aspires to the Crown assisted by the Moors 108 Reigns expelling King Alonso 109 Maxentius usurps the Empire 60 Maximilian Storcia Duke recovers Milan 552 Mazalquivir in Africk taken 513 Mecma besieg'd by the French 223 Memorable Siege of Astapa 29 Memorable Battel betwixt Christians and Infidels 111 The same renew'd Takes Name from the Town of Clavijo 112 Men famous for Learning and Sanctity 105 Merida reduced 100 Merines a Family among the Moors obtains the Empire of Africk 214 Method of reducing the rebellious Prelates 415 Metellus subdues the Celtiberi 37 Metellus sent by Sylla into Spain 42 Kills 20000 of Sertorius his Men. 43 Mighty Army of Christians in Castile 189 Divisions throughout Spain 241 Floods 354 Milan recever'd by the French 561 Minorea and Yvica Islands conquer'd 206 Miraculous Victory of 1000 Christians 103 Miraculous Tryal of a Bishop 113 Miserable Slaughter 92 Mithridates sends Ambassadors to
16 Of Gravelling 17 Of Lepanto 21 Bell Rings of it self 89 Berga in Catalonia recovered 72 Brasil recovered 37 Breda taken 37 Bulls for Portugues Bishops refused by the Pope 68 C. Cadiz Plundered by Drake 29 Calais taken 17 Calvin and Beza 19 Caracena Marquess General against Portugal 90. Catalonia Rebels Portugal follows the Example 43 Catherine Queen of Portugal Dies 24 Cazal Besieged 37 Taken 63 Ceremony of Contracting the Spanish Princess to the King of France 90 Cessation of Arms betwixt France and Spain 80 Chaldeans their Conversion 38 Change of Religion in England 7 Charles I. in Spain 2 His Sister Married to Emanuel King of Portugal Is chosen Emperor Crowned 3 Returns into Spain 4 Marries the Sister of the King of Portugal 6 Crowned Emperor 7 Arms against the Turks 8 In France 9 Abdicates 16 Charles II. King of Spain Proclaimed 98 Charles Prince of Wales in Spain 36 Christian League against the Turk 21 Christiern King of Denmark expelled 4 Civil Wars in Swisserland 8 Clement Pope Dies 8 31 Clement IX chosen Pope 93 Collation of great Offices 95 Comet 22 24 Commotions in Portugal 42 Composition betwixt France and Spain 7 Concessions for Reducing Hereticks 13 Condê Prince in Catalonia 46 Conferences for Peace 80 Conspiracy against the French King 27 Conti Prince takes Ville-Franche 68 Conversion of Ethiopia 56 Cortes of Aragon 37 Of Castile 44 Of Aragon and Valencia 44 Cosmo Created Great Duks of Tuscany 21 Council of Trent 11 Openea 12 Breaks up 13 Sunnnoned again 14 Opened again 18 Court at Valladolid 30 D. Dauphin of France Marries the Queen of Scots 17 Death of 2 Kings and a Queen 13 Of 2 Popes 28 Of the Princess Governess of Flanders 39 Defeat of the French in Sardinia 41 Of the French at Valenciennes 73 Diet at Ausburg 7 At Worms 9 Discovery of Cathay and Tibet 36 Disputes about Religion in Germany 10 Betwixt Catholicks and Hereticks 12 About Religion in France 18 Diu Besieged by the Turks 9 Downfall of the Sultans of Egypt 2 Drake attempts Cadiz 27 Plunders the Coast of America 29 Dukes of Savoy and Mantua Die 41 Dunkirk gained 64 Taken by the French and English 76 Dutch and Turks Defeated 36 Dutch in Brazil 36 Routed 42 E. Earthquake 21 32 42 Ebora made an Archbishoprick 10 Edward King of England Dies 15 Elizabeth Queen of England 17 Excommunicated 20 Elizabeth Queen of Spain Dies 44 Emanucl King of Portugal Dies 4 Embassy into England 31 From a Black King 76 Emperor and King of England in League against France 11 Empress Dies 10 Empress in Spain 25 Enterprizes on the Frontiers of Portugal 83 English Fleet Invades Hispaniola 71 Escurial finished 28 Etna Mount 25 Exploits of Mallorquines 75 F. Ferdinand King of Spain Dies 1 Ferdinand chosen King of the Romans 7 Ferdinand Prince Archbishop of Toledo 34 Feria Duke in Alsace 39 Final betrayed 31 Floods 37 Francis King of France taken by the Imperalists 5 Released 6 French King in Italy 1 French King and Emperor meat 9 French King's Sister Married to the Prince of Navarre 22 French King takes Towns in Flanders 93 French and Turks take Nice 11 French in Biscay 4 Invade Savoy 9 In Lorrain 38 Overthrown 42 Join with the Rebels 43 In Italy 46 Decline in Catalonia 58 In Catalonia with the Rebels 65 Pass the Pyreneans 67 Join with the English 74 Obliged to quit the Siege of Alexandria 74 Begin the War in Flanders 93 Galeons destroyed 71 General defection of the Low-Countries 24 Great Eclipse 11 Great Flooas 16 43 and 76 Great Jubilee 30 Great Tax 31 Gregorian Account 25 Gregory Pope Dies 26 Gregory XV. Pope 35 Dies 36 Guize Duke Murdered by the Huguenots 18 Guize Duke put to death 27 Guize Duke set at Liberty 69 Gustavus Adolphus 38 Killed 39 H. Hard Winter 44 Henry King of Navarre 2 Henry the Cardinal King of Portugal 24 Dies 25 Henry III. King of France Murdered by Clement 28 Henry IV. King of France Murdered by Ravillac 32 Heresie of Martin Luther 2 Hereticks at the Council of Trent 14 Huguenot Rebels twice overthrown 20 James Prince of Spain Dies 26 Jesuits Confirmed by the Pope 10 Jesuits Murdered 20 Innocent X. Pope Dies 69 Innundations in Flanders 7 John III. King of Portugal Marries the Emperors-Sister 5 Dies 16 D. John of Austria at Tunez 22 Made Vicar of Italy 23 In the Low-Countries 24 D. John of Austria at Sea 46 At the Siege of Barcelona 53 Takes Solsona 72 Sent for Flanders 73 Takes S. Gillain 73 Commands against Portugal 87 83 Takes Aronches and other Places 83 Enters Portugal Takes Borba and Iurumenha 86 Takes Ebora and is Routed 95 Is Lord Lieutenant and Captain General of Aragon 94 Jubilee Year at Rome 37 57 Julius III. Elected Pope 14 Dies 15 K. King of France Dies 23 L. Landresi taken by the French 41 League against the Turks 9 Dissolved 22 Leganez Marquess in Savoy 41 Leganez Marqess destroys many Moors about Oran 15 Leo IX Pope Dies 4 Leo X. chosen Pope 5 Leo XI shosen Pope 31 Leopold the Archduke in Champagne 57 Lerida Recovered 44 Lerma Duke leaves the Government 33 Low-Countries Conspire against Spain 23 M. Malta Besieged by the Turks 19 Mamora taken 32 Marcellus chosen Pope and Dies 15 Margaret King Philip IV. Daughter Married to the Emperor 95 Marriages of Princes 32 Marriage of the Princess of Spain to the Fr. King 90 Martin Luther's Death 12 Martyrdoms in Japan 36 Mary Queen of Portugal Dies 2 Mary Queen of England Marries Philip Prince of Spain 15 Dies 17 Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned 19 Murdered 27 Mary Princess Born 31 Maximilian the Emperor Dies 3 Maximilian Governour of Spain 13 Medices expelled Florence 6 Restored 7 Monserrat Invaded by the Spaniards 47 Monstrous Birth 39 Montmidi Surrendred to the French 74 Moriscoes Rebell in Spain 20 Banished 32 Mortara Marquess attacks the French and is repulsed 76 Mortality 28 Murder Commited by a Woman 92 Mutiniers Punished 28 N. Naples Besieged 6 Navarre Pacified 1 Over-run by the French 3 Netherlands given to the Princess Elizabeth 22 New Governour in the Low-Countries 22 New Passage into the South Sea 33 F. Nitard sent from Court 94 O. Olivenca taken from the Portugues 44 Orange Prince Heads the Rebels in Holland 20 Wounded 25 Killed 26 Ormuz taken by the Persians 36 Ossuna Duke makes an Irruption into Portugal 77 His Actions there 84 Again in Portugal 95 Overthrow of the French 5 45 Of the Saxons 13 Overtures of Peace betwixt Spain and Portugale 91 P. Pantheon finished 67 Parma Prince successful against the Rebels in the Low-Countries 26 Paul III. Pope Dies 14 Paul IV. Pope 15 Paul V. Pope Dies 37 Peace betwixt France and Spain 17 Betwixt Spain and England 31 With Oliver Cromwell 70 Concluded 89 Concluded with Portugal 94 Penol in Africk taken 19 Perfidious Act of Portugueses 70 Pemambuco taken by the Dutch 38 Perpignan taken by the French 43
of Navarre ingages in the Holy-War Peace for some time Ferdinand King of Castile Marries 1239. Two Eclypses Bravery of a Woman Several Towns taken from the Moors Salamanca made an University 1240. 20000 Moors overthrown The Kingdom of Murcia delivered up by the Moors King of Aragon Leagues with 3 Princes against the King of France 1241. A Defeat of the Christians The Christians succesful 1242. 1243. Jaen City described Besieged Surrendred 1243. Discord in Aragon and Catalonia King Sancho of Portugal expelled the Kingdom by his Rebellious Subjects General Council at Lyons King Sancho of Portugal dyes at Toledo Martin de Freitas was the Name of this loyal Governour Ferdinand of Castile prepares to Besiege Sevil. 1245. 1246. Carmona Besieged and other Towns taken The Moors vanquished in a Sea Fight The Kingdom of Aragon under an Interdict Description of Sevil. This measure I believe is mistaken as to height Sevil Besieged 1247. Carmona surrendred to the Christians 1248. Accommodation betwixt Castile and Leon. Besiegers reinforced Bridge of Sevil broken Sevil and its Dependencies delivered up King Luis of France sends Presents to the Church of Toledo undertakes the Conquest of the Holy Land 1249. 1250. Discord among the Aragonians His good Ordinances Alonso the 10th succeeds to the Crown of Castile 1253. Theobald King of Navarre dies Theobald the second King of Navarre Moors Banished Valencia 1254. Queen Violante proves with Child and prevents being divorced from the King 1255. K. Alonso chosen Emperor by part of the Electors and Richard Duke of Cornwal by the other 1256. Contests about the Imperial Crown K. Alonso's qualities Towns in Andaluzia taken Differences betwixt Castile and Aragon compos'd 1256. Sancho K. of Portugal dies at Toledo in Exile 1258. Kings of France and Aragon meet and are reconciled Death of the Prince and Queen of Aragon Theobald King of Navarre Marries Unjust proceeding of Alonso K. of Portugal Portugal under an Interdict Embassy to the K. of Castile from the Soldan of Aegypt 1260. 1261. Succession of Sicily King of Aragon Marries his Son to the Daughter of the King of Sicily 1262. The Family of the Merines obtains the Empire of Africk Moorish Kings in Spain Revolt Moors begin the War Cuidad Real built 1263. Towns recover'd by the Christians 1264. Troubles in Aragon 1265. The Kings of Castue and Aragon invade the Moors 1266. Murcia taken by the Aragonians Charles Brother to the King of France Crown'd King of Sicily Christian Nobles persuade the Infidels to Revolt Empress of Constantinople in Spain 1268. Wars in Italy A new debate in Aragon Jayme King of Aragon at Toledo Preaching among the Tartars Embassy from Tartary 1269. Jayme King of Aragon imbarks for the Holy-Land English French in the Holy-Land Expedition 1270. Theobald King of Navarre dies Portugal made independent of Castile Nobility of Castile conspire against their King Progress of the Rebellion in Castile 1272. Disorders in Aragon Henry King of Navarre Alonso K. of Castile aspires to the Empire 1273. Rodulphus of Ausburg chosen Emperor 1274. Henry K. of Navarre dies Joanna his Daughter Queen Nobles of Castile reconcil'd to King Alonso Articles betwixt Aragon Navarre Progress of King Alonso of Castile 1275. King Alonso of Castile meets the Pope in France King Alonso returns home The Emperour of Morocco called into Spain A vast multitude of Infidels Land in Spain Overthrow of the Christians 1275. A second defeat Prince Ferainand of Castile dies Affairs of Navarre Death of 4 Popes Pr. Sancho aspires to Usurp the Crown from his Nephews Slaughter of the Aragonians Jayme I.K. of Aragon dies His Issue Peter Crown'd King of Aragon Troubles of Navar. Navarre brought under by the French Violante Queen of Castile with her Grand-children slies to Aragon 1277 The true Heirs of Castile imprison'd Commotions in Catalonia Alonso King of Portugal his death Denis succeeds to the Crown of Portugal 1280 Prince Sancho his Practices to gain the Affections of the People 1281 League betwixt Castile and Aragon Rebellion of Prince Sancho against his Father 1282 King Denis of Portugal Marries S. Elizabeth The Cortes summon'd by the King and Prince follow the latter King of Morocco comes to assist King Alonso King Alonso disinherits and curses his Son Sancho Conspiracy against the French in Sicily Pope Martin and the King of Aragon at variance Massacre of the French called the Scicilian Vespers Mecina besieg'd by the French A challenge betwixt the Kings of France and Aragon 1283 The Cortes meet in the Kingdom of Aragon Rebellion in Castile Interdict in Castile and Aragon at one time The enmity betwixt K. Alonso of Castile and his Son Sancho increases 1284. King Alonso of Castile dies Sancho Usurps the Crown of Castile The Aragonians gain two Victories at Sea Albarazin taken by the King of Aragon The King of Aragon seeks Aid against the French 1285. Charles King of Naples dies The French Army enters Catalonia Girona Besieg'd by the French Xeres besieg'd by the Moors and the Siege raised Peace with the Moores Girona taken be the French Aragonian destroy the French Fleet Philip the Fair King of France Death of the King of Aragon Birth of Ferdinand Prince of Castile 1286 Alonso the III. King of Aragon crown'd D. Lope and Haro favourite to King Sancho of Castile Aragonians successful in Italy The rightful Princes of Castile Prisoners Charles Prince of Salerno made King of Apulia and Sicily Articles betwixt France and Castile King Denis of Portugal his Issue Seeds of discord in Castile D. Lope de Haro kill'd at Court The rightful Princes of Castile released War betwixt Castile and Aragon Mutiny at Badajoz 1290 Interview of the Kings of France and Castile D. John Nunnez de Lara revolts from Castile D. John reconcil'd to King Sancho again ready to fly from him 1291. Peace betwixt France and Aragod Death of Alonso the 3d King of Aragon Jayme Crowned King of Aragon A League betwixt Castile and Aragon 1292. Moors vanquished at Sea Endeavours of Accommodation betwixt France and Aragon 1293. Alcala de Henares made an University Tarifa besieg'd by the Moors 1295. King Sancho of Castile dyes Ferdinand the IVth King Pope Celestine the V. Abdicates France and Aragon make Peace Rebellion in Castile Pr. Henry governs Castile 1296 Confederation against Castile Pr. John Proclaimed King of Leon and Galicia Murcia taken by the Aragonians Tarifa again Besieged K. of Portugal invades Castile 1297 The Cortes of Castile raise Mony K. Jayme of Aragon proclaimd K. of Sardinia and Corsica 1298. Castile and Portugal reconcil'd War in Sicily Siracusa in vain besieg by the Aragonians Ferderick K. of Sicily beaten at Sea 1299 1300 Jubile first instituted City Bilbao built 1301 Pr. John reconciled to the K. Raymundus Lullus Garcia Lopez The Master of Calatrava depos'd Marriage of King Ferdinand of Castile 1302. A Synod at Toledo Peace betwixt Sicily and Naples More Troubles in Castile 1303. Pope Boniface dies Benedict
which make it look like a Terrestial Paradise In our days the principal Trade of that City is Silk At that time it was well Fortify'd and had a strong Garison Some Sallies were made at first in which the Besieg'd came off always with loss In conclusion the Siege had not lasted long before the Moors Capitulated and Surrendred the Place On the other side King Alonso at Alcala de Bençayde came to an Accommodation with the Moors of Granada upon the following Conditions That the King of Granada break the League with Hudiel King of Murcia That he pay 50000 Ducats Yeatly as was done before That King Alonso on his part no longer Protect the Moors of Guadix and Malaga provided the Moorish King grant them a Truce for a Year That the King of Murcia if taken by the Christians have his Life spar'd These Articles being sign'd King Alonso hasted to take possession of Murcia after the surrender whereof King Jayme was return'd home At the Town of Santistevan Hudiel King of Murcia met King Alonso and falling at his Feet begg'd pardon for what was past which was granted upon condition he should no longer use the Stile of King but be content with such Revenues as were assigned him The Title of King was given to Mahomet the Brother of that Abenhut who we said above was kill'd at Almeria Only the third part of the King's Revenue was allotted him the rest to be paid to the Crown of Castile this was the end of the War which had held most People in suspence CHAP. VIII The Kingdom of the Normans in Sicily extinguish'd by the French Wars in Italy The Empress of Constantinople comes into Spain And Jayme King of Aragon to Toledo WHilst the War was in Andaluzia and Murcia the other parts of Spain enjoy'd Peace or there were no considerable Troubles a thing rare among so many Princes and in such a time of Popular Liberty Only Gonçalo Yanez Baçan a Nobleman of Navarre having by a publick Instrument renounc'd his Country with the King of Aragon's consent built a Castle he call'd Boeta whence he infested the Lands of Navarre S. Luis King of France at the same time sent to Pamplona a piece of the Crown of Thorns which was put upon our Saviour's Head Baldwin the Emperor of Constantinople had pawn'd it to him for a Sum of Money In Italy Charles Brother to the King of France slew King Manfredus possess'd himself of all his Dominions and at Rome was Crown'd King of Sicily and Naples The Battle was fought near Benavente which put an end to the Dominion of the Normans when it had lasted many years in those parts The new King oblig'd himself to pay 40000 Ducats every Year to the Church of Rome as an acknowledgment for that Feof and engag'd not to accept of the Empire tho' offer'd him without his Procurement King Jayme much concern'd at the misfortune of his Ally Manfredus study'd how to retrieve that loss As soon as the War was concluded in Murcia he went to the farthest part of Catalonia to be ready if there were any means left to restore the remainder of the Normans and possess himself of that Kingdom which he pretended belong'd to his Son in the Right of his Wife the only Daughter of Manfredus Mean while King Alonso was busie in setling the Affairs of Murcia gathering People to inhabit that Country and building Castles for its security Castile could not furnish a sufficient Multitude therefore he brought many out of Catalonia to settle there Tho' contrary to the late Capitulation he ceas'd not to relieve the Moors of Malaga and Guadix The King of Granada came himself to Murcia to complain of this wrong and receiving no satisfactory answer return'd home worse offended than he came Some Nobles who before were disgusted at King Alonso laid hold of this opportunity and advis'd the Moor to take Arms. The chief of these was D. NunÌo Gonzalez de Lara a Rich and Powerful Man who pretended the King had much wrong'd his Father D. NunÌo and D. John his Brother This was the beginning of new Troubles at such time as the King promising himself a lasting Peace was gone to view the Building of Villareal Thence he sent Embassadors to S. Luis King of France to demand his Daughter Blanch in Marriage for his eldest Son Prince Ferdinand This done he went to Vitoria where the King of England had appointed to meet him upon Affairs of high concern yet came not Nevertheless he sent Edward his Son at such time as King Alonso was gone back to Burgos At the same time the Empress of Constantinople being drove from her Empire came to confer with the King Baldwin her Husband and Justinian the Patriarch being Expell'd Greece by Michael Paleologus were taken by the way and fell into the Hands of the Soldan of Aegypt The Empress whose Name was Martha agreed to give 30000 Marks of Silver for his Ransome To gather this great Sum she had recourse to the Pope and King of France and lastly coming to Burgos in the Year 1268. made her address to the King for only the third part of that Sum. The King gave her the whole which was Profuseness rather than Liberality at a time when the Royal Treasures were quite exhausted Some Historians reject this Relation and say Baldwin was never taken by the Soldan of Aegypt In this I have follow'd the Authority of our Histories tho' I know Fame often exceeds the truth Baldwin the Emperor having recover'd his Liberty and lost his Empire went into France and thence to Namur which City was his own where he spent the residue of his Life By a Grant made to the Knights of Calatrava in the Year of our Lord 1264. it appears the See of Toledo was then Vacant unless as it often happens the Years therein be mistaken Either this Year or rather some time sooner Sancho Son to Jayme King of Aragon succeeded Pascualis Archbishop of Toledo I imagine the new Prelate being under Age staid some time in Aragon before he came to his Church which might give occasion to some to write that the See was vacant His Father lov'd him tenderly and therefore about this time came to Toledo to see him as shall presently be related Great Wars and Confusions were now in Italy for Conradin the Suevian strove by force and against the will of the Pope to recover his Father's Dominions Frederick Duke of Saxony accompany'd him out of Germany and Henry Brother to the King of Castile went to him from Rome where he was a Senator his Birth as I suppose supplying his Defects Besides these all the Gibellins of Italy took up Arms for him With these Forces Conradin broke into Naples and in Abruzzo near the Lake Taliacoso came to a Battle with King Charles who was there ready to receive him The French obtain'd the Victory Frederick and Henry were taken in Fight Conradin in the pursuit which
was very bloody Conradin and Frederick had their Heads cut off at Naples a hard Judgment upon such great Princes At this time another Debate arose in Aragon Gerard de Cabrera pretending to the Earldom of Vrgel pleading that his Brother Alonso's Children were not Legitimate Raymund Folch their Uncle by the Mother's side and other Men of Note supported them King Jayme seem'd to espouse Gerard's quarrel and that the more for that he had made over his Right to the King as not able to carry it off himself The King of Granada prepar'd to make War upon Guadix and Malaga and was offended that King Alonso contrary to what had been agreed did underhand support them D. NunÌo de Lara and D. Lope de Haro being disoblig'd by the King blew the Coals They promis'd the Moor if he would take up Arms not only they but many other Men of Note would go over to him There was some rumour spread abroad of these Practices but there wanted Witnesses to prove the Fact This mov'd the King to go into Andaluzia This Year the King chang'd the Name of the Village call'd S. Peter de Ariznoa in Guipuscoa into that of Vergara and made it a Market-Town The Affairs of Andaluzia being setled and Winter coming on King Alonso return'd to Toledo to entertain his Father-in-law the King of Aragon who came to be present at the first Mass of his Son D. Sancho the Archbishop which was to be Celebrated on Christmass-day D. Sancho accordingly said Mass that day the two Kings of Castile and Aragon the Queen and Prince Ferdinand being present King Jayme of Aragon staid but 8 days at Toledo being resolv'd tho' very old to go over to the War in the Holy-Land inflam'd with the desire of restoring the ancient Glory of the Christians in those parts A great and valiant Prince worthy to have succeded better than he did in that Expedition CHAP. IX The King of Aragon 's Expedition for the Holy-Land The Kings of France and Navarre and the eldest Son of the King of England move upon the same Enterprize The Nobles of Castile Revolt Troublesin Aragon THE Affairs of the Christians in the Holy-Land were reduc'd to the last extremity Now unexpectedly a fair opportunity of restoring their losses offer'd it self and stirred up at one-time England France and Spain to take Arms. Whilst Pope Innocent IV. held the General Council at Lyons in France he sent four Preachers of the Holy Order of S. Dominick among the Tartars to try whether that Barbarous People could be reduc'd to embrace Christianity Those Preachers were so successful as to gain Reputation among the Barbarians who began to show some affection towards the Christian Religion These People had now Invaded that part of Syria which was under the Saracens and the great Cham their King sent Embassadors to invite most Princes of Europe to share in that Conquest Particularly he sent Embassadors to the King of Aragon with John Alaricus of Perpegnan whom the King on account of an Embassy receiv'd before had sent into Tartary The Tartar Embassadors staid ar Barcelona Alaricus went to Toledo where in an Assembly of the Nobles he gave an account of his Embassy King Jayme resolv'd to go in Person to that War without regard to his great Age or the Intreaties of King Alonso and Queen Violante King Alonso seeing he was not to be disswaded promis'd him 100000 Ducats towards the Charge of the War Some Nobles of Castile offer'd to bear him Company and among them the Master of the Knights of Santiago and D. Gonçalo Pereyra Grand Prior of S. John From Toledo he went to Valencia where he gave Audience to the Tartars and also to another Embassador from the Emperor Paleologus who promis'd to furnish Provisions and all other Necessaries After all things were in readiness at the request of Queen Violante his Daughter he went as far as Huerta and there took his leave of her his Sons and Grandchildren On the 4th of September in the Year 1269. he set sail with a Fleet of 30 great Ships and some Galleys The Season was not fit for such Expeditions In three days they had sight of Minorca where a violent Storm dispers'd the whole Fleet which was drove to several Ports The King was put in at Marseilles and thence remov'd to the Gulph of Agde Some Ships and among 'em that in which went Fernan Sanchez the King's Son weather'd the Storm and arriv'd at Acre in the Holy-Land After refreshing himself at Montpelier the King now repenting that he had undertaken that Expedition return'd to Catalonia In Castile King Alonso with Edward Son and Heir to the King of England went as far as Logrono to meet his Daughter-in-law who was coming out of France thro' Navarre to her Husband This Marriage was Solemniz'd with greater Splendour than was ever seen before for there were present at it Jayme King of Aragon Grandfather to the Bridegroom Peter his eldest Son Philip eldest Son to the King of France Edward Son and Heir to the King of England the King of Granada King Alonso his Brothers Sons and Uncle Alonso Lord of Molina A great number of French Italian and Spanish Nobility was there and among them William Marques of Montseratte who Jovius says was Son-in-law to King Ferdinand Sancho Archbishop of Toledo was also present some say he Marry'd them This Match was contriv'd that the King of France might quit the Pretensions he had to Castile as being the Son of Blanch eldest Sister to King Henry After the Solemnity King Alonso accompany'd the King af Aragon as far as Tarraçona The English and French went further than the Aragonians in the Expedition of the Holy-Land but without much Success Edward eldest Son to the King of England with a good Fleet arriv'd at Ptolemais and escap'd himself the danger of the Assassins S. Luis King of France set Sail from Marseilles on the first of March 1270. Theobald King of Navarre having committed the Government to his Brother Henry accompany'd S. Luis After a Storm they landed at Tunez Invested the Town overthrew the Infidels twice in the Field and continu'd the Siege the space of 6 Months The great heat caus'd the Plague whereof vast numbers dy'd and among them Prince John the King's Son and lastly the King himself on the 28th of August Charles King of Sicily landing at this Juncture the Besieg'd agreed to pay him 40000 Ducats a Year and then the Army went over into Sicily Theobald King of Navarre dy'd there in the City Trapana on the 5th of December The Body of S. Luis was carry'd to S. Denis near Paris that of the King of Navarre to Champagne Queen Elizabeth his Wife dy'd on the 25th of April the Year following at Hiere in Provence Let us return to Castile King Alonso at this time was perplex'd with many cares The ambition of taking upon him the Empire of Germany had
with 4000 Aragonian Horse and 2000 Foot to invade the Duke's Territories on the side of Alexandria la Palla Ferdinand the King's Son and Duke of Calabria who had now 3 Children Alonso Frederick and Ellenor had 6000 Horse and 2000 Foot to make War upon the Florentines He entred the Territories of Cortona and Arezo wasted the Country burnt the Villages and took the considerable Town of Toyano He also overthrew Astor de Faenca who came first to the Assistance of the Florentines whereupon some other Castles were taken On the other side Antony Oleina having made himself Master of Vado a Town in the Territory ceased not thence to infest the Lands of the Florentines The War went on no less vigorously in the Dutchy of Milan Francis Sforcia endeavoured to draw Renée Duke of Anjou to his Assistance promising when that War was ended to aid him in recovering the Kingdom of Naples Renee found the Passes on the Mountains guarded by the Duke of Savoy and Marques of Montferrat and therefore came to Genoa by Sea with only two Ships and a small Retinue which soon rendred him contemptible Luis Dauphin of France who was afterwards King came as far a Ast with Forces to favour the Dukes of Milan and Anjou but at the end of three Months that Army returned into France without doing any Thing Thus the Affairs of the Milaneses and Florentines were in a dangerous Posture but the Ruin of others proved their Safety The loss of Constantinople inclined all Parties to harken to Peace and the more readily because it was given out the Turk design'd to pass over into Italy Simon de Camerino an Augustin Fryar a Man more active and fit for Business than Learned took such pains that in April he concluded a League betwixt the Venetians Florentines and Milaneses which was afterwards ratifyed in August The King of Aragon complained of the Falshood of the Venetians in that they should conclude any Confedracy without his Knowledge or Consent Hereupon he recalled his Son from Florence to Naples The Venetians Florentines and Milaneses fearing to offend so powerful a King sent Embassadors to him to excuse their Hastiness in concluding the League whereof they still offered to make him the Head begging if still he thought them faulty that he would forgive it To back them the Pope also sent the Cardinal of Fermo his Legate to the King He in a long Harrangue laid before him the Danger that threatned from the Turks offered him in the Name of the Confederates to be Head and General of the League and prayed he would not obstruct the Peace of Italy The King answered he neither began the War nor would be any hindrance to the Peace that he forgave the Affront done him in making any Confederacy without his Knowledge and was ready to take upon him the Command against the Infidels After the King had given his Answer the Articles of the League made betwixt the Venetians Florentines and Milaneses were read and were to this Effect That the Venetians Francis Sforcia and the Florentines shall inviolably observe what is here agreed unto among the Confederates for the term of 25 Years and longer if it shall be so thought fit and be in perfect League and Friendship with King Alonso of Aragon for the publick Peace of Italy and to oppose the Designs of the Turks That King Alonso shall defend the Venetians Milaneses and Florentines as if they were his own Subjects against all Enemies either Italians or Forreigners That in time of Peace to be in a readiness for any sudden War the King Venetians and Francis Sforcia be obliged to keep each of them in constant Pay 8000 Horse and 4000 Foot and the Florentines 5000 Horse and 2000 Foot well armed and equipped That if any War break out none of the Confederates shall make Peace without the Consent of the others nor joyn in League with any State in Italy without the Concurrence of all That if any of the Confederates be invaded each of the others be obliged immediately to send to their Assistance half his Horse and Foot which shall not be recalled till the War is ended That whosoever shall receive such Succour be obliged to assign them Quarters and furnish them with Provisions and other Necessaries at the same rates as the Natives have it That if any of the Confederates shall make War upon another of the Allyes then the others be obliged to send the same Supplies to him that is attack'd as if the other were none of the Confederates and yet the League to stand good in all other Respects That if any of the Allyes be invaded none of the others shall give his Enemies Passage through his Country or furnish them with Provisions but rather oppose them with all his Power These Conditions with only some small Amendments were approved of by the King All the Cities and States of Italy were included in the Confederacy except the Genoeses Sigismund Malatesta and Astor de Faença who were not admitted by the King The Genoeses because they observed not the Articles of Peace concluded on some Years before Sigismund and Astor because after receiving Mony from the King of Aragon for to pay their Men they went over to the Enemy This League it was generally hoped would advance the publick Interest of Christendom but all fell to nothing by the Death of Pope Nicholas who supported this great Colossus and departed this Life on the 24th of March. Within 14 Days the Cardinals elected in his place Cardinal Alonso Borgia who had before vowed and given it under his Hand if he were chosen Pope he would make War on the Turks calling himself Calixtus so great was his Assurance of obtaining that Dignity it being as was given out foretold him when a Child by F. Vincent Ferrer To requite whom for that Prophecy he Canonized him as he did S. Edmund an Englishman This Pope was born at Xativa in the Kingdom of Valencia of mean Parentage but he never did any thing that was little He proved a constant Enemy to the King of Aragon either because he thought it conduced to his Grandeur or that as it generally happens he hated him being more obliged than was in his Power to pay Thus he could never be prevailed upon to grant a new Bull of Investiture of the Kingdom of Naples to the King and his Son He was more studious of advancing his Kindred than became him for in one Day he made his two Nephews John Mila and Roderick Borgia Cardinals He also constituted Peter Borgia Brother to Roderick Vicar General of all the State of the Church Pope Alexander and Duke Valentine two Persons afterwards odious to the World for their wicked Practices were Branches that sprang from this Papacy Peace was ratifyed betwixt Castile and Aragon and the King of Navarre as had been agreed ceased pretending to any Towns in Castile receiving a Pension in lieu of them The Tumults in Navarre did not cease
could not because that Prince being too weak to oppose the Aragonians and Earl of Faux had abandoned the Country Besides it was reported that the King of France was in League with them which moved him to pass over to France to gain that King but on a suddain altering his Resolution he decreed to go to Naples to his Uncle the King of Aragon who had sent for him determining if he would not assist him to spend his Days in Banishment By the way he visited the Pope to whom he complained of his Father's Ambition He offered to stand to the Judgment of his Holiness but all to no effect At Naples he was honourably received only the King his Uncle kindly blamed him for taking Arms against his Father The Prince in few Words excused himself for what was past and offered for the future wholly to submit to what he should Decree Roderick Vidal a Man of Quality sent into Spain to compose these Differences laboured therein with all possible Industry This Treaty was interrupted by an unexpected Accident which was that the Prince's Faction tho he was absent proclaimed him King at Pamplona which cut off all discourse of Peace The King of Castile at the request of the King of Navarre who to this effect delivered up his Son Ferdinand Hostage had an interview with him at Alfaro in March The Queens of Castile and Aragon were there present Peace was there concluded betwixt the two Kings Moreover at the Sollicitation of Luis Despuch Master of Montesa sent thither Embassador by the King of Aragon and at his Perswasion the Confederacy made with the Earl of Faux was declared void and all the Differences betwixt the King of Navarre and his Son were by Consent of both Parties referred to the King of Aragon as Arbitrator The hopes conceived of obtaining a lasting Peace by these means soon vanished as will appear hereafter In Andaluzia the Christians encamped near the Frontiers of the Moors Thither King Henry came after the Conference in the Month of April Immediately they invaded the Territories of the Moors marched in sight of Granada wasted all the Country and destroyed the Corn. A party of Christians advanced without Orders and ingaged the Enemy They were few in Number and the Enemy many consequently they were easily overthrown most of them killed and among the rest Garcilasso de la Vega a Knight of Santiago of great Renown This disaster so incensed the King that he not only burnt the Corn as he used to do but also fired the Vines and Orchards which before he spared Besides having taken a Town called Mena by Assault they put all the Inhabitants to the Sword without sparing Women or Children Thus the Moors were so humbled that they sued for and obtained Pardon A Truce was concluded for some Years by which the Infidels were obliged to pay the yearly Tribute of 12000 Ducates and to release 600 Christian Captives which Number if they had not they were to make up with Moors The Frontiers about Jaen were excepted in this Capitulation where the War was to continue and D. Garcia Manrique Earl of CastanÌeda was left to command there with 2000 Horse To encourage this War Pope Calixtus sent at the beginning of this Year his Bull granting the Croisade to the Living and Dead a thing new in Spain F. Alonso de Espina preached it up and sent Word to the King then at Palencia that the Mony collected could not be spent any other way but in the War with the Moors He brought a Priviledge that at the point of Death any that went to the War or advanced 200 Maravedies for the Expence of it might be absolved by an Priest tho he had lost his Speech so he could give any signs of Contrition Also that such as were killed should be free from the pains of Purgatory This Grant was to last four Years It raised almost 300000 Ducats Very little of it was employed against the Moors After the War was ended an Embassador came from Rome to Madrid who brought the King a Hat and Sword usually blessed on Christmas Night and sent to great Princes such as King Henry was then esteemed There is no Joy in this World perfect News was brought that the Earl of CastanÌeda pursuing a party of Moors fell into an Ambush was himself taken and most of his Men cut off Another Commander of more foresight was put in his Place The Earl was ransomed for a great sum of Mony and the Truce changed into a Peace In Italy the City Genoa was in Arms being divided into Factions The King of Aragon favoured the Adornos and John Duke of Lorrain Son to Renée Duke of Anjou who stiled himself Prince of Calabria the Tregosos Mean while the King of Aragon fell sick on the 8th of May 1458. He was very ill at Castelnovo in Naples till the 13th of June Then the Disease increasing he caused himself to be removed to the Castle del Ovo but nothing availed for he gave up the Ghost on the 27th of June at break of Day He was a most renowned Prince nothing inferior to any of the Antient ones and the Honour of Spain Besides his other Virtues he was a great encourager of Learning and very familiar with Laurence Valla Antony Panormita and Georgius Trapezuntius Men famous for their Knowledge He was much concerned at the Death of Barthlomew Faccio who writ the History of this King Hearing that a King of Spain had said Learning belonged not to a King he said that was an Expression of a Beast not of a King Many sharp and witty Sayings of this King are related which I thought needless to insert here Not long before his Death a Comet appeared betwixt Cancer and Leo whose Tail was 60 Degrees in length He made his Will the Day before he dyed In it he appoints his Brother John King of Navarre his Successor in the Kingdom of Aragon That of Naples as won by the Sword he leaves to his Bastard Son Ferdinand which was the cause of great Troubles and Wars He made no mention of the Queen his Wife It is reported by grave Authors that he designed to have been Divorced from her and to have married a Mistress he had called Lucrecia Alania There is still extant a Letter of Pope Calixtus writ with his own Hand to the Queen in which he tells her she is more beholding to him than to her Mother but that it is not convenient it should be publickly known That Lucrecia came to Rome with a Royal Retinue but could not obtain what she came about because he would not have a Hand in so great a Sin King Alonso's greatest Crime was that of Incontinency but at his Death he shewed great Tokens of Repentance and dyed like a good Christian He ordered that his Body should be buried without any Tomb at the very Church door of Poblete the Burial Place of his Ancestors A great sign of