Extraordinary Revenews of the Dutchy of Milan and for that cause a proclamation was made by the said Fontano's authority in King Philips name which was smartly answered and opposed by the Family of the Malaspines and had almost given an Alarm amongst the said Princes had not most of the Embassadorâ— in King Philips Court interceded with him and at length obtained that the prosecution of the businesse might be protracted and suffered to vanish Thuan lib. 134. 5. Anno 1606. there arose a controversie between Pope Paul the fifth and the State of Venice about certain Priviledges vvhich when it was almost brought to a friendly composition by the endeavour of Henry the fourth of France the Spanish faction the chief vvhereof were Cardinall Pompeio Arrigovio Paulo Sfondrato and Ferdinando Pacero Duke of Ascalonia by the pravalency of King Philips Embassador with the Pope the businesse was not onely frustrated but also brought to open war and the Pope excommunicated the Venetians and Philip forthwith by lettters artificiously pen'd offered his service to the Pope to that end Fontano listed Souldiers apace and yet nevertheless he sent Francisco de Castro as Extraordinary to Venice with intention that if the matter inclined to a peace which he having kindled the war at first began already to suspect he might praecept the honor of the pacification from the King of France or at least have a great share in it by his intervention But the common report in the Court of Rome was that Philip according to the Rule of his Ancestors was glad to hear of such Disputes amongst other Princes concerning the Popes Supremacy as in relation to Civil Government yea and to have them agitated up and down in Spain it self by connivencie as conceiving them not to belong to him at all he being very potent and using to quash the Popes attempts in all his dominions with a word well knowing that his Holinesse dares not so much as hiss against him which was sufficiently demonstrated afterwards in the businesse of Sicily yea and the Spaniards boyling with the heat of ambition convert such wars and feditions as spring from thence to their own privat advantage as lying in ambush in the mean while to see if any of the weaker Princes be prescribed that so they have an occasion to invade their Dominions as it hapned in the seizure of the kingdom of Navarre even in our parents dayes Thuan. lib. 137. 7. When Ferdinand King of Spain and Arragon Anno 1501. attempted the Kingdom of Naples and took the Citie of Tarento with Ferdinand son to Frederick King of Naples in it he swore to him by Gonsalvo before the Altar that he would leave him the liberty of a King but yet he slighted his oath sent him prisoner into Spain and reserved the kingdom for himself 8. By the exhortation of Ferdinand called the Catholick Henry the eighth King of England sent 6000 English into Spain to joyn with the Spaniards in the invasion of the Dutchy of Chira but Ferdinand who had a quite other designe sent them against John Albert King of Navarre by the right of Catherine de la Fosse who being wholly unprovided for Ferdinand carried his business with high dissimulation towards him fled into France and so Ferdinand seized the kingdom of Navarre without any cost or pains Speculum Tragicum Anno 1612. 9. It is no newes for the Spaniards to sow sedition in divers kingdoms at one and the same time as they did Anno 158â— in France and England Thuan. lib. 179. 10. Anno 1581. The Spaniards sowed discord amongst the Knights of Maltha by setting Matuirno Scuto Romaegassio against John Bishop of Casserio Avernio chief of that Order and casting him in prison from whence he was cited to Rome to his triall whither he came and stoutly acquitted himself howbeit he dyed during his abode there Thuan. lib. 74. 12. The Spaniards raised seditions in Scotland and sollicited with vain promises some Noblemen to a revolt some of whom were beheaded for it The States to the Letters of Ernestus Anno 1594. Thuan. lib. 109. 13. Antonio de Laeva a Spaniard and Governor of Lumbardy for Charles the fifth being besieged at Milan thought fit to spare neither things Humane nor Divine for the maintenance of his own honor and Caesars dignity and in stead of pay granted every Citie and every Citizen thereof to be most inhumanly plundred by the Souldiers that by the ejection of the Duke of Milan Sforsa might enjoy the command of so great a Principate Paulus Jovius lib. 6. Elogiorum 14. Hugo de Moncada governed Sicily after such a fashion that he left many monuments of avarice and cruelty behind him for he put many Sicilian Gentlemen to death and amongst the rest the Lord of Camerata for that he lived somewhat seditiously according to the ancient loosness of that Nation Paul Jov. lib. 6. Elog. 15. How cruelly did they use the Hussites in Bohemia as beating them dragging them cutting children in two and throwing them to their mothers saying Jam habes sub utraque Now thou hast it under both alluding to the ceremony of the Hussites who took the Sacrament under both species 16. Thomas Campanella in his Discourse of the Spanish Monarchy Chap. 26. faith That the King of Spain must take care that none but a Catholick king be elected to the Crown of Poland And therefore wise noble Embassadors must be sent to Câ—achoven to give weight and authority to the Spanish union amongst the Electors and prevail to have one of the King of Spains younger sons chosen King of Poland And the people of Scandinaven and Dantzick must also be moved to set forth a Fleet to sea against the English c. CHAP. XV. The Spaniards ardent desire of Monarchy and Rule IF that old saying Semper imperare superiorem esse aliis Alwayes to command and be superior to others be innate to any Nation it is certainly so more to the Spaniards then to any other since all their actions cogitations and consultations tend to that end and therefore they may most clearly consent and say with Caesar Si violandum est jus regnandi causa violandum If right must be wrong'd it must be wrong'd for Powers sake For this reason they are not afraid by publick writings to admonish and exhort their king yea and to shew him the wayes and means how he may arrive to the universall Monarchy amongst whom Thomas Campanella is the Ring-leader Nor did Charles the fifth seem to have laid slight foundations for this Monarchy when besides those kingdoms which he possest by right of succession in the West and elsewere he was also made Emperour of the Romans to which were yet added other titles afterwards and it hath been hitherto the onely business of the Spaniards to be alwayes in warres that so they may be ready upon all occasions to produce that Monarchy of the whole Christian world which they have long since
Spaniards besieged Leyden they said That the starres in the Firmament would be pulled down with ones hand before that Citie would be freed from the siege Olerus in Lauro Nassovica pag. 30. 4. The pride of the Spaniards is such that if they see themselves reduced to streights they will not first ask conditions of peace but seek it by some second or third hand as they did anno 1597. when they suborned the Emperour and he the king of Denmark to move the Princes to a pacification Thuan. lib. 119. 7. A certain arrogant and proud Spanish Count asked a certain Gentleman coming out of the Court what was said of him in Court The other answered Nor bad nor good The Count being angry cudgel'd him and presently after gave him fifty Ducats saying Go thy wayes now to the Court and tell what I have done to thee to wit both bad and good Florista Oratione de gloria The Duke of Alva used to say That he would bring the Low Countrey people to obedience in despight of Heaven and Earth and also that the Sun and Moon should lose their light before hâ— would remit or take off the tax of the tenth penny Metteran And Juan de Vergas that bloody President of the Councell was also wont to say Vergas habet virgas Vergas has Rods. 9. When the Professors of Lovain complained to him for having taken Prince Philip of Orange out of the University and violated the priviledges of the said University he answered Non curamus vestros privilegios Such as himself vvas such was his Latin 10. That Navy vvhich vvas sent against England 1588. the Spaniards termed Invincible and compose these verses upon it alluding to the Queen of England Tu quae Romanas voluisti spernere leges Hispano disces subdere colla jugo Thou who the Roman Lawes scornd'st to obey Shalt learn to bow thy neck to Spanish sway But hese words were indeed but Wind and Smoke 11. The Duke of Alva caused a most magnificent Trophie of Brasse to be set up at Antwerp vvith various Elegies of his own exploits as Thuan describes it lib. 44. Anno 1569. upon vvhich the Duke of Areschots jest may be seen beneath cap. 33. Apotheg 12. The Spaniards after they had so miserably used the Indians were wont to brag that God had given them those victories because they made so just a war against Barbarians and Infidels Bartholomaeus de Casa CHAP. XVII The perfidious violation of Leagues and Promises NO wonder that this vice is common to the Spaniards with the Africans For in regard that they are for the most part their successors they seem to be also heirs of their vices amongst which perfidie was not the least and therefore I have thought fit to shew some examples thereof that so this Chapter may have credit True it is that King Philip sometimes promised the United Provinces pardon for what was past and made proclamation therof but the States being taught by the examples of others were not so credulous as for that reason to lay down Arms or consent to a wily fallacious pacification For so an 1576. Don Juan de Austria feigning conditions of peace vvith the States vvas convicted of fraud by that that amongst the Letters of Hieronymo Rhoda there was found one That he should first court his Countrey-men with fair words and by other means and assistance reduce Holland and Zealand and then he should punish the rebels according to their merit mean while that he should carry himself warily and conceal his design with exquisite Art Thuan. lib. 62. 1. How true and faithfull the Spaniards be to their Associates the case and end of Gomeron may shew whom Fontano cunningly enticed to Brussels cast him his two brothers in prison afterwards beheaded him in the sight of Hanâ—e which Orvilliers would not yeeld up to him without any respect to the Noblenesse of his Family or that he served the Henoticks who yet were most zealous to the Spaniards c. See Thuan. lib. 112. Anno 1595. Nor did they deal much more faithfully with Mercuriano chief Captain after Metuanio of the Legists for they endeavoured by all means to alienate the Nobility from him and force him to live as they pleased Thuan. lib. 113. 7. How the Spaniards have performed their promises to such as had done them any kindnesses the example of the Portuguezes shewes Thuan c. 3. lib. 78. 8. Don Juan de Austria Anno 1577 being put in mind of the Contract made and signed by the States said That the States must shew more prudence then to complain if the Kings interest were advanced by the breach of conditions 9. It is the Spanish Maxime That the promises of Princes made to their rebellious subjects are not binding 10. Lewis the 12. King of France said That the perfidie of the Paenes and Carthaginians was anciently much celebrated but that now the Spaniards sufficiently supplied their places 11. Anno 1577. Don Juan de Austria renewd the pacification of Gant with king Philips Provinces and tooke away the Spanish Souldiers but forthwith brought them back again and so made the later worse then the former And vvhen he resolved to cut off the head of Peter Pan of Mecklin and was informed that it was against the Pacification he answered That the pacification only concerned such as were banished and not such as remained in their Countrey A fine interpretation Speculum Hisp Tyran in Belgio p. 106. 12. Howbeit the Spaniards made a peace with Charles the eighth King of France and many other magnificent promises yet they sent private Letters and Agents to various Princes and chiefly to the Venetians and made war against him not onely by themselves but by others also Comines lib. 5. Bello Neopolitani 13. The Duke of Ossuna the Kings Deputy in the Kingdom of Naples Anno 1617. presumed to maintain 1. That Agreements and Oathes obliged Princes of smaller Countreys to keep them but not his King because forsooth he was the greatest and most potent of the Christian world 2. That all the Kings promises and engagements ought to be accommodated to the resolutions of his Councels and the variations of times 3. That the Kings Ministers were not bound to what the King commanded but to what was advantagious to the King and Kingdom Baudart lib. 38. Anno 1617. CHAP. XVIII The Spaniards Hypocrisie and Dissimulations AS the Spaniards fall short of no nation in the breaking of Promises and Engagements so do they also excell in the Art and skill of Hypocrisie and dissimulation whereof there be many old and modern examples amongst which that great one of Philip the second may be noted who when Anno 1579 he invaded the kingdom of Portugall with his Army and knew well enough notwithstanding what sinister reports went up and down of him not onely in Portugal but even in Italy too finding it fit to indulge Fame a little by a dissimulation very familiar to him as if he
included in the Pacification of Religion they who are commonly called by the envious name of Calvinists being excluded then to the Reformats as they term them that they are superlatively mistaken For whosoever they be that differ in opinion from the Spaniards whether in matter of Religion or in order to their long-dream'd of Monarchy are all alike to them 1. The cruelty which the Duke of Alva exercised upon them of the Reformed Religion in the Low-Countries is notorious enough yea and himself a little before his end boasted that by his command above eighteen thousand persons passed through the hands of the Executioner with different sorts of punishments for Religions sake 2. Philip the second freely and boldly answered the Emperor Maximilian his Cousin-German by the Fathers-side who having sent his Brother Charles into Spain exhorted him to moderation in the business of Religion That he had rather lose all his Provinces then seem to grant or favour any thing which might be prejudicial to the Catholick Religion Thuan. lib. 133. 3. The Spaniards in the Pacification of Colein 1580. were wont to say That the Protestants would be well served if they were stript of all their goods and forced to go seek new Countries like Jews Egyptians and Nubians who wander up and down like Rogues and Vagabonds without any place of abode 4. The Citizens of Aquensis had been much more mildely dealt with in the year 1605 had it not been for the importunate flatteries of King Philips Embassadors as Thuan. testifyes lib. 133. 5. The Spaniards once took the French in the Isle of Florida and hanged them all with this title This I do not as to French but as to Lutherans Camer horis subcessivis c. 98. 6. In the year 1577. when by the Emperors demand there was a Conference appointed between the Kings Ministers and the States of Holland the said Ministers urged only this That the liberty of any other Religion whatsoever might be excluded out of the Low-Countries and the Catholick only admitted which was the cause of dissolving the Conference re infectâ 7. Ought the Count of Bructerons calamity to be silenced whose Castle the Admiral unjustly and violently seized upon took his person prisoner ejected his wife and children plundred his goods killed the Countrymen whom he found there yea and wickedly murthered the very Count himself together with his Kinsman and a Preacher contrary to his word which he had given them and this for no other colour but out of hatred to the Reformed Religion which he most constantly profest and from which he would not be removed by any menaces whatsoever See Speculum Arragonicum as also Speculum Tragicum 8. Philip King of Spain in the year 1590. the 8. of March made a Proclamation at Madrid wherein he declared that after France was cleared he would make War upon all such Provinces as were infected with any Sectarian Contagion Ancellus apud Thuan. lib. 118. in oratione ad Principes Germaniae 1570. where the words of the Proclamation are also recited 9. If there were no other example to be found of the Spanish hatred against the Gospel and Gospellers that most cruel Fact of Alphonso Dias a Spaniard would suffice The example of Dias who caused his brother Juan Dias to be killed by his own Executioner because he embraced the Doctrine of the Gospel in the year 1546. and however the Law were prosecuted against the said Fratricide he yet obtained his Pardon by the intervention of the Emperours Letters 10. The King of Spain by his Duke of Parma urged the Senate of Aquensis to banish them of the Reformed Religion out of the City as Peter Beck a Canon of that City confesses cap. 13. Comment sui de urbe Aquensi 11. Cardinal Granvellanus was often wont to boast that he would reduce the Catholick Religion in all places though a hundred thousand men were to be burnt in an hour and that he would begin with Saxony and Orange See Gaspar Grevinus in sua Institutione p. 192. 12. The Emperour Maximilian the second most faithfully advised and intreated the King of Spain to treat the Flemmings more gently in matter of Religion but he could obtain nothing as himself writes in a certain Letter of his to Lazarus Swendius 1579. the 22. of February from Vienna This Letter is to be read lib. 16. Apoph Baudartii See also Speculum tyrannidis Hispanicae in Belgio per totum 13. And who ever either saw or heard of a greater fact of barbarous tyrannie and hatred against Religion then that which by the instinct of some ill Instruments the Archduke Albert committed in a certain Maid called Anne Vandenhoven at Brussels whom he caused to be set quick in earth and smothered Martyrologium Meteranus Speculum Hisp Tyran in Belgio p. 91 93. 14. It may also be a most sufficient testimony of the hatred of the Spaniards against the Protestants and Lutherans and chiefly the later that when they have a mind to dishonour any one very much or call him by any injurious name they call him Vellaco Lutherano i. e. Lutheran Knave so that even by this reproach they who are willing and glad to be stiled Lutherans may be sufficiently taught what they are to hope for from the Spaniards when the Protestants are supprest who are as much oppugned by others as by the Papists to wit that they shall be served with the same sawce 15. When after the Smalcaldick war and the taking of John Frederick Elector of Saxony Wittenberg was yielded to Charles the fifth the Spaniards petitioned the said Charles to give them leave to dig up the dead body of Luther and burn it but the Emperor refused it saying Let him rest for if he hath done ill God will revenge it I am Emperor of the living and not of the dead He further added Let him alone I desire to see him no more for I saw him enough at Worms Zingrefius p. 2. Apoph p. 11. 16. Charles the fifth presently after the Dyet of Auxburgh ought to have surprized and opprest the Hereticks Luther by Art under some other pretext See Thomas Campanella a Spanish Fryar Discursu de Monarchia Hisp c. 16. 17. In the first place it was an extream error to let Luther go off alive from the Dyets of Wormes and Auxburgh And then it was indeed well done of Charles the fifth I say to keep his word with Luther whilest he was at the Dyet but afterwards in his going home he should have surprized him and after having already supprest the Protestant Princes have utterly extinguisht them The same Campanella c. 27. 18. That Peace was to be granted for a time and sometimes the Hereticks says Campanella were to be flattered with magnificent banquets c. 27. And besides it was an error in Charles the fifth says the same Campanella that he did not suppress the Countreys of the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburgh and of the Landgrave of Hassia c. by thrusting
Magistrates also and make them swear to answer to their Interrogatories and discover their knowledge besides that part of the goods of the accused was proposed to the Informers for a reward and so a large gate was opened to calumnies and vexations both against all the subjects of the Low-Countreys and all such strangers also as for any respect of business betook themselves thither whereof the number was very great Thuan. lib. 6. where it is also related how the people of Antwerp by the intercession of the Emperours sister Mary got this Decree to be mitigated and the hatefull name of Inquisition to be abolished 6. The Spanish Inquisition in the space of hardly thirty years hath most cruelly consumed by various afflictions and sundry kinds of deaths a hundred and fifty thousand persons of the reformed Religion Balaeus de Act. Pont. 7. The Spanish Inquisition spares not so much as the blood of Kings many are ready to shew from hence that they affirm that Charles son to King Philip the second was questioned by the Inquisition for saying That the Flemings were to be more mildly handled which saying is reported to have hastened his death yea it is held for certain that the Inquisitors disputed Whether the bones of Charles 5 were not to be digged up and burned because he seem'd before his death to be inclined to the opinion that man is onely saved by Faith through Christ 8. A certain Spanish Inquisitor called Diego Hesselio in the Low Countries was wont in the afternoon when he was drunk and drowzie to exercise his bloody Tryals and when he was askt his sentence rubbing his eyes for sleep he would say To the gallows to the gallows and so the wretched prisoners were carried to the gallows See Speculum Hispan Tyran in Belgio p. 70. 9. The bloody Judge Vergas was also bold to say That the over-much connivency of the King and the Duke of Alva lost the Low Countries Ibid. 10. The Spanish Inquisition against the Rights and Priviledges of the Kingdom of Arragon unjustly forc'd Antonio Perez out of prison at Saragoza whither he fled for safety and clapt him up in their own Jayl out of which he was nevertheless again delivered by a concourse of the people See the Relation of Perez p. 57 c. 11. Poza the Jesuit congested various erroneous opinions in his Book and dispersed them amongst his Countreymen the Spaniards the Pope prohibited the Book But the Iesuits despising the Popes censure publisht it at Lyons and wrought so far with the Spanish Inquisition as not to confirm the said censure as it hath not done hitherto Alonzo Vargas of Toledo cap. 17. Relationis suae Anno 1641. CHAP. V. The Praevarications of the Spaniards against the Empire THe Emperour Charles 5. though by nature a most mild Prince and most constant in his word was like notwithstanding by the continual whisperings of the Spaniards whom he had about him to be carried away to the contrary as it appears in the cause of Luther in the cause of Frederick Elector of Saxony and of Philip Landgrave of Hessia For what endeavour did they not use to make him deprive Luther of his Pass and the publick faith and abandon him to their disposall But he generously bid them be gone saying Though there were no faith in the world yet shall it be found in me 2. The kindlers of that war which he waged against the Protestants were certainly no other but his Spanish Counsellors 3. And that the Landgrave was not faithfully dealt with was not so much to â—e imputed to the Emperour as to the Duke of Alva and the Archbishop of Arraâ— who interpreted the word of Captivity not to be so understood as if he were not to be detained at all but that he was not to be perpetually detained And it is also to be ascribed to the bloody counsels of the Spaniards that John Frederick Duke of Saxony fell into hazard of his life by a sentence already pronounced against him by the Emperour Nâ—r was it any bodies work but theirs for they could do all things with Caesar that the Religion and form of Government was changed in many free Cities of the Empire and that those captive Princes for five years together to the huge dishonour of the German Nation were carried up and down by the Emperour as it were in triumph These and the like enormities exercised by the Spaniards through the whole Empire in Charles his time the Reader may find in Sleidens Commentaries 6. An. 1597. Francisco de Mendoza very earnestly urged the Emperour in K. Philips name that the Vice-County of Vezonson which being hereditary in the Family of the Cabillers was transferred by lawfull succession upon the Nassaws being now devolv'd upon the Empire by the prescription of Williâ—â— Prince of Orange might be tranferred upon the said Philip with the Title of Deputy 7. The Emperour being desired to constitute a Governour and a Senate in the Territory of Cleve and Gulick he answered that he must consult thereof with the Princes of the Empire for the rest that he would take care that a man very well affected to the Reformed Religion should be sent into those Dutchies but that King Philip must have a strict eye over all by his officers though still with this caution not to raise suspition in the breasts of them to whom that succession belonged Thuan. lib. 9. c. 118 8. The same Mendoza treated with the inhabitants of Newburgh Franckfurt and others about appointing a Church for the Catholicks Ibid. c. 9. The Spaniards had long since in hope devoured the Dutchy of Cleve which afterwards by their Hispaniolized Councellors after the decease of the Prince they in part obtained Acta Principum 10. The same Francisco de Mendoza anno 1598. invaded the said Dutchy of Cleve and Gulick with 20000 men of various nations took Orso and other Towns and made incursions into Westphalia and the neighbouring places and seized upon Alpen though it were declared Neutral In the same manner served he the Countess of Moersen who though she made her complaint to the Archduke Albert got nothing but words for her labour He likewise attempted the Citie of Cleve which is the Princes seat and he perfidiously kild and burnt Wirich Count of Bruchen after he had surrendred himself and his Castle to him upon Quarter He also took other Towns Buderick Dinslack Holt Rese and Wesal he sufficiently opprest and afflicted the Counties of Swartzenburgh and Benthemien he devasted nor spared he the County of Altenburgh or the Bishoprick of Paterburn c. To omit other insolencies excesses surpassing all measure which were done and committed in the Empire whereof Thuan. lib. 121. Metteranus and the Author Speculi Tyran Hisp in Belgio p. 94 95 96 97 c. 11. With what right and to what end the Spaniards thrust themselves into the business and cause of Aquensis Gulick and Mulhemien even a blind man may see to wit
had repented himself of that enterprise would needs have the whole businesse examined by the Rule of Conscience for on the one side he found himself sollicited by the Pope and on the other censured by the opinion of men as if he had violently invaded anothers kingdom having calculated the Title in Law to which the weaker submitted and consequently opprest the liberty of the kingdom which he ambitionated the States therof complaining that their right was thereby taken from them and alledging besides that they were bound by oath not to obey him for the avoiding of which difficulties without difficulty he committed the business to the Dâ—vines an Assembly of Divines to be discust at leasure who forthwith gave him their votes affirming That he ought not to submit the disputation of his right to any body no not so much as to the Pope himself Thuan. lib. 67. 2. When Anno 1614. in the transaction of Xant for the Controversie concerning the Dutchess of Cleve and Gulick the businesse was already Articled and subscribed and the main point remaining was that the Spaniards should draw their Souldiers out of Wezel one of them laught and said Do you think us to be men of so narrow consciences as to suffer our selves to be forced to observe words and subscriptions 4. Bartholomaeus de la Casa in his book of the Tyranny of the Spaniards in the East-Indies saith That they would needs cloak all their cruelties enormities tyrannies rapes and murthers under the pretext of Religion and conversion to the faith reduction to the king of Spains obedience when yet those wretched people knew less of God and Faith then they did before the Spaniards came thither And as for the rest they wre softer then wax and milder then sheep and never rebelled against the king but were most ready to obey the commands even of the coÌ„mon Souldiers And how often they have deceived the West-Indians with Hypocrisie and feigned kindness is demonstrated by the Histories of the Invasions and Seizures of those Countreys and chiefly that of Athanasius juga printed at Amsterdam Anno 1624. CHAP. XIX The Ingratitude of the Spaniards toward such as oblige them NOw as for you Lords and Gentlemen vvho serve the Spaniards you may learn to know what thanks favour you are to expect from them to vvit such as the Countrey-man received from the Fox which he had brought up And you Germans in the first place vvho have been so often pincht in your Ancestors learn once to be wise like the Fish from the hook 1. To begin with Charles the fifth he most dishonorably removed Ferdinando Gonzaga who had highly deserved of him from the government of Milan deprived him of all command and dignity and most ungratefully unmercifully put him to death Which fact is not yet so much imputed to the Emperour as to the envy of the Duke of Alva Thuan. lib. 75. But most memorable is the example of the Counts of Egmund and Horn and chiefly of the former of vvhom Thuan. lib. 41. sayes thus This was the end of Count Egmund when he was 46 years old a man for splendor of birth and military vertue to be compar'd with few of his time and who in the battels of St. Quintin and Graveling the story whereof was attributed to him by the consent of all men had most highly deserved of King Philip and yet there was then no account at all made of so many gallant and happy actions 3. To Egmunds case may justly be added the tragedy of Florentio Momerantio Baron of Montigny vvho being sent as Embassadour from the States into Spain vvas there taken miserably treated for some years and at length put to death without any respect at all to his blood or merits vvhose story is recounted at large by the Author of Speculum Tragicum 4. Fontano Ibarra and the rest of the most powerfull in the Kings Councell out of love to their own Nation and a naturall scorn of others paid the Spanish souldiers when they mutinied without taking any notice of the Italians and other Nations which they resenting very highly that for so many labours and dangers they reaped injury for a reward miseries for comforts punishment for patience and despair for ease began also to mutiny at Areschot Thuan. lib. 109. Thus Francisco de Velasco when he retired from Henry the fourth shut himself and his Spaniards up in the town of Graves and shut the French and the rest who served both Meduanio and him out of the town and sent them wounded as a scorn to the enemies and the peasants howbeit they were more mildly used by Henry the fouth then by their own Commander Thuan. lib. 112. anno 1595. 6. Duke Maurice of Saxony and others although they deserved superlatively well of Charles the fifth yet because they would not receive the An Imperial decree so called Interim by the instigation of his Spanish Councellours he threaned to proscribe them 7. Charles Croy Prince of Cimay and son to the Duke of Areschot Anno 1584. delivered up Bridges to the Spaniards but received but small yea no honour or recompence from them for it Thuan lib. 79. 8. Selly Egmund Campaniac three of the king of Spains Captains were offered by the States to be changed for Lanoy who was taken by the Spaniards with a great president of civility toward a stranger for he was a Frenchman but with a greater testimony of an opinion of his vertue which was the reason as it is believed that king Philip by the perswasion of Cardinall Granvellano would not consent to the freedom of an Officer of so great reputation which did not a little imbitter the Nobility of the Countrey to find themselves daily exposed to danger with little hope of life and none at all of liberty if they chanced to be taken and so Selly and Egmund were shut up in the Castle of Rammekens with a closer and stronger guard where Selly four years after died with grief often exprobrating the Spaniards with ingratitude and lamenting that his own and his brothers merits were so little valued by the king Thuan. lib. 71. anno 1580. 9. The greatest satisfaction for ones merits towards the Spaniards is to expect no recompence thereof but for the most part also disfavour of the king by the instigation of that envious Nation Proceres Cataloniae c. 33. where they add That the Duke of Alcala suffered so many injuries and abuses for his many deserts that he languished with grief and died In like manner the Marquess of Aytona to whom the preservation of Flanders was onely to be ascribed had so many troubles cast upon him that it hastened his death And the Duke of Feria because he ever carried himself so well was accused for having distributed a sum of money to the Souldiers Consalvo de Cordua dyed with meer sorrow when he found his warlick exploits to be so slighted The Duke of Ossuna to whose prudence all the