of_o which_o he_o have_v child_n one_o of_o they_o and_o his_o successor_n be_v denis_n alphonsus_n be_v dead_a an_z 1279._o from_o that_o denis_n be_v descend_v all_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o this_o day_n some_o of_o the_o french_a historian_n affirm_v that_o mahaut_n have_v two_o son_n by_o alphonsus_n in_o france_n the_o one_o that_o die_v young_a the_o other_z robert_z from_o who_o the_o whole_a house_n of_o the_o count_n of_o bullen_n be_v descend_v which_o fall_v to_o magdalen_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cour_fw-fr wife_n to_o laurens_n of_o medicis_n by_o who_o come_v katherine_n de_fw-fr medicis_n mother_n of_o the_o three_o late_a french_a king_n francis_n the_o ii_o charles_n the_o ix_o and_o henry_n the_o iii_o after_o who_o death_n by_o the_o substitution_n set_v down_o before_o in_o the_o contract_n between_o she_o and_o henry_n the_o two_o the_o inheritance_n of_o katherine_n come_v to_o her_o daughter_n queen_n margaret_n first_o wife_n to_o henry_n the_o iv_o that_o queen_n make_v the_o dolphin_n of_o france_n her_o heir_n who_o since_o be_v lewis_n the_o xiii_o when_o the_o dispute_n for_o the_o succession_n of_o portugal_n be_v open_a after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o cardinal_z king_n an_z 1530_o katherine_n queen_n of_o france_n among_o other_o pretender_n to_o that_o crown_n set_v forth_o her_o claim_n by_o belloy_n advocate_n general_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o toulouse_n who_o plead_v that_o from_o the_o marriage_n of_o alphonsus_n and_o mahaut_n a_o son_n be_v bear_v call_v robert_n and_o have_v succeed_v in_o all_o his_o right_n that_o beatrix_n be_v the_o concubine_n not_o the_o wile_n of_o alphonsus_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n can_v not_o legitimate_a denis_n bear_v of_o adultery_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o robert_n the_o true_a heir_n of_o alphonsus_n also_o that_o all_o the_o king_n that_o have_v reign_v since_o denis_n for_o three_o hundred_o year_n make_v no_o prescription_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o prescription_n for_o the_o right_n of_o kingdom_n that_o right_o be_v propound_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o portugal_n be_v find_v too_o old_a and_o stale_a and_o injurious_a to_o all_o their_o king_n neither_o do_v they_o make_v any_o account_n of_o it_o beside_o the_o spanish_a historian_n affirm_v that_o alphonsus_n have_v no_o issue_n by_o mahaut_n and_o that_o among_o the_o protestation_n which_o mahaut_n make_v in_o portugal_n against_o alphonsus_n there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n of_o the_o injury_n which_o he_o do_v to_o her_o child_n which_o she_o will_v not_o have_v forget_v if_o she_o have_v have_v any_o yet_o that_o right_o may_v be_v defend_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o french_a historian_n and_o by_o this_o true_a allegation_n that_o neither_o a_o bastard_n nor_o his_o descent_n can_v prescribe_v against_o the_o lawful_a heir_n paragraphe_n iii_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n an._n 713._o when_o the_o saracen_n invade_v spain_n inigo_n ximenes_n arista_n count_n of_o bigorre_n give_v a_o beginning_n to_o the_o little_a kingdom_n of_o suprarba_n within_o the_o pyrenees_n which_o a_o while_n after_o have_v spread_v into_o the_o vale_n take_v the_o name_n of_o navarra_n or_o navierras_n which_o in_o old_a spanish_a signify_v plain_a ground_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o two_o generous_a prince_n and_o great_a catholic_n resist_v the_o saracen_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o their_o invasion_n pelagius_n towards_o the_o astures_n which_o be_v leon_n and_o gallicia_n and_o this_o ximenes_n arista_n towards_o the_o pyrenees_n though_o the_o date_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o this_o ximenes_n be_v not_o so_o certain_a some_o historian_n make_v he_o latter_a upon_o which_o one_o may_v read_v the_o history_n of_o navarra_n write_v by_o favin_n 2._o these_o king_n of_o navarra_n in_o their_o begining_n make_v many_o conquest_n over_o the_o saracen_n and_o that_o family_n continue_v to_o sanches_n the_o great_a who_o about_o the_o year_n 1035._o share_v all_o his_o estate_n among_o his_o three_o son_n of_o who_o the_o elder_a garcias_n have_v navarra_n to_o who_o many_o king_n succeed_v till_o that_o state_n fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o france_n by_o the_o marriage_n of_o philip_n le_fw-fr bel_n with_o jane_n inheritrix_n of_o navarra_n countess_n of_o campagn_n and_o brie_n to_o who_o lewis_n hutin_n king_n of_o france_n and_o navarra_n succeed_v in_o her_o estate_n but_o he_o have_v no_o child_n but_o a_o daughter_n call_v jane_n which_o can_v not_o be_v queen_n of_o france_n he_o leave_v her_o navarra_n and_o so_o that_o state_n be_v soon_o separate_v from_o that_o of_o france_n that_o jane_n marry_v philip_n of_o the_o royal_a branch_n of_o eureux_fw-fr 3._o by_o that_o marriage_n the_o house_n of_o navarro_n become_v a_o royal_a french_a house_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o crown_n be_v to_o fall_v to_o woman_n as_o the_o other_o state_n of_o spain_n it_o pass_v not_o long_o after_o into_o the_o family_n of_o arragon_n by_o marriage_n and_o so_o again_o into_o the_o family_n of_o castilia_n and_o again_o into_o the_o family_n of_o foix_n after_o this_o manner_n 4._o charles_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o navarre_n grandchild_n to_o that_o jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n hutin_n have_v one_o only_a daughter_n call_v blanch_n marry_v to_o john_n prince_n and_o afterward_o king_n of_o arragon_n from_o that_o marriage_n come_v charles_n prince_n of_o viana_n who_o get_v a_o great_a but_o a_o ill_a renown_n in_o the_o history_n of_o spain_n for_o make_v war_n to_o his_o father_n and_o maintain_v himself_o against_o he_o in_o his_o state_n after_o his_o mother_n death_n that_o prince_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o courage_n die_v a_o bachelor_n the_o two_o other_o child_n of_o john_n of_o arragon_n and_o blanch_n of_o navarra_n be_v two_o daughter_n the_o elder_a blanch_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v be_v marry_v with_o henry_n the_o iv_o king_n of_o castilia_n surname_v the_o impotent_a be_v separate_v from_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o impotency_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o other_o be_v eleanor_n wife_n to_o gaston_n the_o iv_o count_n of_o foix_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n mother_n brother_n and_o sister_n succeed_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o the_o house_n of_o foix._n she_o enjoy_v it_o but_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a and_o die_v an._n 1469._o her_o elder_a son_n gaston_n prince_n of_o viana_n be_v already_o dead_a and_o have_v leave_v by_o his_o wife_n magdalen_n daughter_n to_o charles_n the_o vii_o of_o france_n two_o child_n francis_z phoebus_n who_o succeed_v his_o grandfather_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n but_o enjoy_v it_o but_o four_o year_n and_o die_v unmarried_a and_o catherine_n de_fw-fr foix_n who_o succeed_v he_o and_o marry_v john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n son_n to_o alen_n d'_fw-fr abret_n a_o man_n of_o great_a note_n in_o gascony_n but_o not_o of_o a_o sovereign_a house_n yet_o descend_v from_o that_o amani_fw-la d'_fw-fr albret_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o v._o of_o france_n marry_v magaret_n of_o bourbon_n sister_n to_o jane_n queen_n of_o france_n and_o raise_v his_o house_n to_o a_o great_a splendour_n by_o that_o royal_a alliance_n &_o advance_v much_o the_o party_n of_o the_o french_a against_o the_o english_a 5._o john_n of_o albret_n and_o catherine_n de_fw-fr foix_n have_v a_o son_n call_v henry_n who_o be_v king_n of_o navarra_n and_o marry_v margaret_n sister_n to_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o france_n by_o who_o he_o have_v jane_n inheritrix_n of_o navarra_n jane_n be_v marry_v to_o antony_n of_o bourbon_n be_v by_o he_o mother_n of_o henry_n the_o iv_o of_o france_n father_n to_o lewis_n the_o xiii_o and_o grandfather_n to_o lewis_n the_o fourteen_o thus_o that_o house_n of_o navarra_n be_v unite_v with_o two_o great_a house_n in_o france_n yet_o not_o royal_a that_o of_o foix_n and_o that_o of_o albret_n and_o after_o to_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o bourbon_n and_o become_v so_o powerful_a in_o france_n that_o her_o possession_n from_o these_o three_o house_n much_o exceed_v the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a how_o the_o last_o king_n of_o navarra_n by_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o alliance_n and_o estate_n be_v oblige_v to_o follow_v the_o party_n of_o france_n now_o it_o happen_v an._n 1510._o after_o that_o lewis_n the_o xii_o have_v humble_v the_o venetian_n by_o the_o victory_n of_o aignadel_n and_o bring_v terror_n among_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n that_o pope_n julius_n the_o ii_o fall_v out_o with_o lewis_n and_o prosecute_v the_o quarrel_n with_o such_o animosity_n lewis_n on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v as_o fierce_a as_o he_o that_o the_o contention_n grow_v almost_o into_o a_o schism_n julius_n excommunicate_v all_o that_o take_v part_n with_o lewis_n and_o put_v a_o interdict_v as_o they_o call_v it_o upon_o
their_o estate_n lewis_n maintain_v himself_o against_o his_o fulmination_n both_o by_o a_o assembly_n of_o his_o prelate_n at_o tours_n who_o clear_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o king_n conscience_n as_o his_o history_n speak_v and_o especial_o by_o arm_n whereby_o he_o repress_v all_o the_o invader_n of_o his_o state_n and_o put_v they_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o but_o john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n and_o catherine_n of_o navarra_n be_v expel_v from_o their_o state_n by_o ferdinand_n the_o catholic_a who_o make_v a_o show_n to_o pass_v into_o guienne_n to_o join_v with_o the_o english_a and_o seize_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o papal_a interdict_v sudden_o turn_v upon_o navarra_n and_o take_v it_o an._n 1512._o both_o because_o john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n be_v unite_v with_o the_o french_a king_n who_o be_v a_o rebel_n against_o the_o church_n and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o english_a with_o who_o ferdinand_n have_v alliance_n also_o because_o the_o spaniard_n hold_v that_o there_o be_v a_o tacit_n agreement_n between_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n not_o to_o suffer_v that_o any_o of_o the_o spanish_a crown_n shall_v fall_v into_o foreign_a hand_n or_o into_o house_n not_o sovereign_a as_o those_o of_o foix_n and_o albret_n as_o the_o reason_n and_o pretence_n of_o that_o invasion_n be_v leight_n and_o groundless_a the_o french_a stand_n to_o their_o right_n to_o this_o day_n against_o that_o manifest_a invasion_n and_o hinder_v the_o prescription_n by_o arm_n treaty_n and_o protestation_n paragraphe_n iu._n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n cassan_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n with_o more_o zeal_n than_o judgement_n will_v ground_v those_o right_n upon_o conquest_n 800._o year_n old_a and_o ancient_a expedition_n of_o the_o french_a king_n into_o spain_n where_o they_o take_v some_o town_n of_o navarra_n arragon_n and_o catalonia_n not_o consider_v the_o many_o change_n of_o succession_n in_o so_o many_o year_n the_o conquest_n of_o catalonia_n and_o arragon_n by_o charlemain_n give_v to_o the_o french_a no_o more_o right_a there_o in_o these_o time_n than_o those_o of_o caesar_n in_o france_n to_o the_o now_o emperor_n the_o right_n of_o the_o french_a over_o arragon_n catalonia_n &_o roussillon_n which_o have_v some_o ground_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o head_n the_o first_o be_v how_o charles_n count_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o saint_n lewis_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o two_o sicily_n against_o the_o child_n of_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o ii_o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v marry_v constance_n daughter_n to_o manfred_n bastard_n of_o frederick_n claim_v that_o kingdom_n from_o his_o wife_n make_v those_o bloody_a sicilian_a vesper_n an._n 1281._o a_o action_n which_o do_v incense_v the_o whole_a christendom_n against_o that_o peter_n well_o surname_v the_o cruel_a pope_n martin_n the_o iv_o especial_o a_o frenchman_n by_o birth_n and_o affection_n who_o excommunicate_v peter_n and_o put_v his_o kingdom_n in_o interdict_v not_o only_o by_o the_o general_a maxim_n of_o the_o pope_n that_o in_o certain_a case_n they_o have_v power_n over_o the_o temporal_n of_o king_n but_o because_o arragon_n have_v be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n a_o fee_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n so_o the_o pope_n deal_v with_o that_o perfidious_a king_n as_o sovereign_n of_o arragon_n to_o that_o purpose_n he_o send_v a_o legate_n into_o france_n which_o offer_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n to_o king_n philip_n le_fw-fr hardy_n for_o his_o son_n charles_n count_n of_o valois_n whereupon_o philip_n assemble_v the_o state_n general_n at_o paris_n accept_v the_o pope_n gift_n and_o undertake_v the_o war_n against_o peter_n take_v arragon_n gatalonia_n &_o valentia_n and_o invest_v his_o son_n charles_n with_o these_o kingdom_n pay_v five_o hundred_o liver_n yearly_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n it_o be_v true_a that_o after_o these_o conquest_n king_n philip_n as_o he_o return_v into_o france_n dye_v at_o perpignan_n and_o the_o french_a soon_o after_o lose_v all_o that_o country_n yet_o their_o right_n if_o they_o have_v any_o by_o the_o donation_n of_o the_o pope_n remain_v as_o good_a as_o before_o but_o the_o spaniard_n contradict_v that_o right_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a confusion_n about_o that_o quarrel_n a_o marriage_n be_v make_v between_o that_o charles_n de_fw-fr valois_n pretend_v king_n of_o arragon_n and_z margaret_z daughter_n to_o charles_n the_o two_o king_n of_o naples_n to_o which_o margaret_n the_o county_n of_o anjou_n and_o maine_n be_v give_v for_o her_o portion_n which_o have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o charles_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n and_o by_o he_o unite_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n with_o this_o proviso_n that_o though_o margaret_n shall_v die_v without_o issue_n charles_n shall_v possess_v these_o county_n yield_v all_o his_o right_n and_o claim_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n which_o charles_n do_v and_o so_o that_o great_a difference_n be_v end_v the_o second_o head_n whence_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a upon_o arragon_n do_v arise_v regard_v the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n the_o second_o son_n of_o king_n john_n of_o france_n be_v lewis_n who_o be_v invest_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o anjou_n a_o prince_n well_o know_v in_o history_n as_o he_o that_o be_v make_v regent_n of_o france_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o charles_n the_o vi_o and_o after_o invest_v with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o first_o a_o right_n which_o he_o prosecute_v and_o perish_v in_o the_o prosecution_n but_o he_o leave_v the_o title_n to_o his_o child_n his_o son_n lewis_n the_o two_o marry_v yoland_n daughter_n to_o john_n the_o i._o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o of_o yoland_n of_o bar_n his_o wife_n the_o elder_a sister_n of_o that_o yoland_n wife_n to_o lewis_n the_o two_o of_o anjou_n which_o be_v jane_n countess_n of_o foix_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n and_o no_o child_n remain_v of_o john_n of_o arragon_n but_o that_o yoland_n duchess_n of_o anjou_n she_o be_v the_o undoubted_a heir_n of_o that_o state_n but_o her_o uucle_n martin_n duke_n of_o montblant_n seize_v upon_o it_o lewis_n send_v the_o bishop_n of_o couserans_n to_o represent_v his_o right_n and_o when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o martin_n he_o will_v dispute_v his_o right_n by_o the_o sword_n he_o be_v persuade_v to_o put_v the_o business_n to_o a_o arbitrement_n for_o the_o peer_n and_o people_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arragon_n have_v choose_v arbitrator_n to_o umpire_n the_o business_n between_o lewis_n and_o martin_n and_o examine_v the_o claim_n of_o other_o pretender_n and_o though_o the_o umpire_n be_v almost_o all_o arragones_n they_o will_v not_o pronounce_v any_o thing_n so_o that_o quarrel_n remain_v undecided_a and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o two_o martins_n father_n and_o son_n the_o arbitration_n be_v renew_v nine_o arbitrator_n defer_v the_o kingdom_n to_o ferdinand_n brother_n to_o henry_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o castilia_n that_o sentence_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o antipope_n benedict_n the_o xiii_o who_o be_v forsake_v almost_o by_o all_o the_o world_n have_v take_v sanctuary_n in_o arragon_n against_o the_o nullity_n of_o that_o sentence_n the_o child_n of_o yoland_n lewis_n the_o iii_o of_o anjou_n and_o rené_fw-fr do_v protest_v yea_o the_o child_n of_o rené_fw-fr make_v war_n in_o arragon_n to_o recover_v it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o of_o france_n but_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o forsake_v all_o and_o arragon_n remain_v with_o the_o usurper_n unto_o this_o day_n yet_o i_o see_v not_o that_o the_o french_a urge_v much_o that_o claim_n be_v somewhat_o too_o old_a to_o be_v now_o revive_v paragraphe_n v._o of_o catalonia_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o catalonia_n which_o be_v a_o great_a province_n of_o spain_n bound_v on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o valentia_n arragon_n and_o roussillon_n it_o be_v both_o before_o the_o roman_n and_o under_o they_o part_n of_o hispania_n tarraconensis_n as_o arragon_n and_o other_o country_n near_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n since_o which_o time_n be_v conquer_v by_o the_o gotth_n and_o alans_n together_o it_o be_v call_v by_o they_o gottalania_n which_o name_n be_v since_o corrupt_v to_o catalaunia_n it_o be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o the_o gotth_n till_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o saracen_n a_o 713._o who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o as_o of_o most_o part_n of_o spain_n but_o charlemain_n take_v it_o from_o they_o and_o all_o the_o country_n near_o the_o river_n of_o ebro_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o expelling_a zaron_n the_o moor_n out_o of_o barcelona_n and_o put_v a_o french_a garrison_n in_o it_o not_o long_o after_o he_o
enjoy_v the_o gift_n great_a war_n he_o have_v against_o manfred_n bastard_n of_o friderick_n the_o ii_o emperor_n and_o against_o conradin_n the_o emperor_n grandchild_n who_o he_o take_v in_o battle_n and_o behead_v he_o a_o bloody_a execution_n which_o cause_v much_o animosity_n and_o war_n between_o that_o house_n of_o france_n and_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o house_n of_o suaben_n which_o be_v constantia_n daughter_n to_o manfred_n wife_n to_o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n who_o to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o that_o king_n conradin_n his_o wife_n cousin_n &_o to_o repress_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o french_a be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o bloody_a sicilian_a vesper_n whereby_o the_o french_a be_v utter_o expel_v from_o sicily_n an._n 1261._o and_o sicily_n remain_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n and_o since_o although_o many_o war_n and_o treaty_n have_v intervene_v to_o reunite_v these_o two_o state_n they_o have_v always_o be_v separate_v till_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n have_v get_v the_o dominion_n of_o naples_n wherefore_o we_o will_v speak_v no_o more_o of_o sicily_n which_o the_o french_a lose_v in_o effect_n in_o that_o massacre_n and_o since_o quit_v their_o right_n to_o it_o by_o several_a treaty_n 4._o but_o as_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n that_o french_a family_n of_o charles_n d'_fw-fr anjou_n be_v settle_v in_o it_o from_o the_o year_n 1264_o until_o the_o death_n of_o jane_n the_o two_o an._n 1435._o in_o all_o 171._o year_n we_o intend_v not_o to_o relate_v that_o history_n but_o only_o to_o observe_v these_o thing_n which_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n first_o that_o charles_n the_o lame_a the_o second_o king_n and_o son_n to_o that_o first_o charles_n marry_v mary_n inheritrice_n of_o hungary_n and_o so_o these_o two_o kingdom_n be_v unite_v of_o their_o child_n the_o elder_a charles_n surname_v martel_n have_v hungary_n for_o his_o portion_n and_o from_o he_o some_o prince_n of_o hungary_n be_v descend_v the_o second_o son_n be_v lewis_n who_o will_v be_v a_o franciscan_a friar_n and_o be_v bishop_n of_o toulouse_n the_o three_o son_n robert_n inherit_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n there_o be_v more_o brother_n who_o have_v several_a apanage_n but_o it_o be_v not_o this_o robert_n that_o continue_v the_o line_n of_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n he_o be_v father_n to_o prince_n charles_n who_o die_v before_o his_o father_n leave_v a_o daughter_n that_o famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a queen_n jane_n the_o first_o that_o rule_v that_o state_n almost_o forty_o year_n next_o it_o must_v be_v know_v that_o this_o wicked_a jane_n lascivious_a and_o cruel_a so_o far_o as_o to_o strangle_v her_o husband_n andrew_n a_o young_a prince_n of_o that_o other_o branch_n of_o hungary_n fill_v her_o kingdom_n with_o great_a trouble_n by_o her_o wickedness_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o her_o reign_n a_o 1378._o happen_v the_o great_a schism_n of_o the_o church_n when_o urban_n the_o vi_o be_v make_v pope_n by_o violence_n many_o cardinal_n elect_v in_o his_o stead_n robert_n cardinal_n of_o geneva_n who_o take_v the_o name_n of_o clement_n the_o vii_o queen_n jane_n be_v a_o enemy_n to_o urban_n who_o be_v bear_v her_o subject_n declare_v herself_o for_o clement_n her_o crim_n whereby_o she_o have_v put_v her_o husband_n to_o death_n have_v be_v long_o cover_v by_o a_o accommodation_n make_v by_o clement_n the_o vi_o who_o appease_v lewis_n the_o great_a king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n to_o andrew_n who_o jane_n have_v strangle_v but_o pope_n urban_n the_o vi_o to_o be_v avenge_v of_o jane_n stir_v again_o the_o house_n of_o hungary_n against_o she_o and_o a_o prince_n of_o that_o house_n named_z charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n come_v and_o besiege_v she_o in_o castello_n del_fw-it ovo_fw-la at_o naples_n take_v she_o and_o strangle_v she_o a_o 1382._o in_o the_o same_o place_n as_o some_o say_v where_o she_o have_v strangle_v she_o first_o husband_n 3._o but_o the_o same_o princess_n see_v that_o urban_n invite_v the_o house_n of_o hungary_n to_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n call_v to_o her_o help_n king_n charles_n the_o vi_o of_o france_n an_z 1380._o by_o the_o advice_n of_o pope_n clement_n and_o by_o his_o leave_n for_o he_o bear_v himself_o for_o her_o sovereign_n she_o adopt_a lewis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o of_o france_n and_o head_n of_o the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n regent_n of_o france_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o vi_o from_o that_o adoption_n the_o french_a fetch_v their_o right_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n for_o from_o the_o offspring_n of_o that_o lewis_n the_o french_a king_n have_v inherit_v 4._o charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n after_o he_o have_v strangle_v queen_n jane_n seize_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n and_o reign_v in_o her_o stead_n and_o after_o he_o his_o two_o child_n first_o ladislaus_n who_o the_o french_a historian_n call_v lancelot_n and_o jane_n the_o second_o they_o three_o hold_v the_o state_n 53._o year_n from_o the_o year_n 1382._o till_o the_o year_n 1436._o but_o because_o jane_n the_o first_o a_o little_a afore_o her_o death_n have_v adopt_v lewi_n duke_n of_o anjou_n that_o house_n of_o duras_n have_v continual_a war_n with_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n lewis_n the_o i._o come_v to_o naples_n and_o there_o dye_v lewis_n the_o two_o his_o son_n have_v great_a war_n with_o ladislaus_n and_o for_o a_o time_n be_v master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o ladislaus_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n a_o 1414._o his_o sister_n queen_n jane_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o as_o bad_a a_o woman_n as_o the_o first_o jane_n for_o impudicity_fw-la and_o extravagancy_n she_o be_v degrade_v by_o the_o pope_n martin_n the_o v._o and_o lewis_n the_o iii_o grandchild_n of_o the_o first_o lewis_n of_o anjou_n name_v by_o he_o to_o reign_v in_o her_o place_n she_o adopt_a alphonsus_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o sicily_n for_o her_o son_n with_o who_o that_o lewis_n the_o iii_o have_v great_a war_n and_o have_v sometime_o the_o better_a sometime_o the_o worst_a but_o jane_n be_v of_o a_o inconstant_a spirit_n despise_v alphonsus_n be_v altogether_o govern_v by_o her_o favourite_n john_n carraciolo_n which_o alphonsus_n not_o able_a to_o bear_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o city_n of_o naples_n upon_o which_o she_o cancel_v her_o will_n make_v in_o favour_n of_o alphonsus_n and_o instead_o of_o he_o adopt_a lewis_n the_o iv_o of_o anjou_n who_o before_o be_v her_o enemy_n that_o adoption_n make_v a_o 1422._o be_v the_o second_o ground_n of_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a to_o naples_n and_o the_o seed_n of_o so_o many_o war_n and_o calamity_n and_o of_o the_o great_a division_n between_o the_o house_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o spaniard_n maintain_v the_o first_o adoption_n as_o valid_a because_o alphonsus_n though_o accuse_v by_o jane_n of_o ungratefulness_n upon_o which_o she_o ground_v the_o disannul_n of_o his_o adoption_n do_v nothing_o as_o they_o say_v against_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o his_o adoptive_a mother_n but_o only_o go_v about_o to_o repress_v the_o extravagancy_n of_o that_o light-brained_a woman_n to_o have_v that_o part_n in_o her_o affair_n which_o by_o right_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o especial_o curb_v the_o insolency_n of_o carraciolo_n who_o keep_v a_o scandalous_a familiarity_n with_o that_o woman_n the_o french_a say_v that_o the_o second_o adoption_n be_v of_o more_o validity_n that_o the_o cause_n of_o ungratefulness_n be_v sufficient_a to_o break_v a_o adoption_n that_o alphonsus_n misuse_v his_o adoptive_a mother_n seize_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o naples_n besiege_v she_o and_o keep_v she_o shut_v up_o and_o do_v all_o act_n of_o sovereign_n to_o her_o contempt_n and_o disgrace_n 5._o this_o lewis_n the_o iv_o duke_n of_o anjou_n have_v recover_v naples_n enjoy_v it_o with_o some_o peace_n together_o with_o jane_n but_o die_v before_o she_o a_o 1434._o because_o he_o leave_v no_o issue_n she_o adopt_v his_o brother_n rené_fw-fr duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o herself_o soon_o after_o dye_v but_o rené_fw-fr being_n then_o keep_v prisoner_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n he_o can_v not_o go_v to_o receive_v his_o inheritance_n his_o wife_n elizabeth_n go_v but_o too_o late_a though_o at_o the_o first_o she_o get_v some_o advantage_n in_o the_o end_n alphonsus_n remain_v master_n and_o the_o party_n of_o anjou_n be_v quite_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o land_n only_a rené_fw-fr keep_v the_o possession_n of_o provence_n which_o be_v a_o appurtenance_n of_o that_o state_n for_o since_o the_o first_o adoption_n of_o lewis_n the_o i_o duke_n of_o anjou_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o i._o that_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n have_v keep_v the_o possession_n of_o provence_n neither_o do_v charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n nor_o his_o child_n nor_o
be_v displease_v to_o the_o college_n of_o cardinal_n join_v with_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o dispossess_v of_o octavio_n who_o put_v himself_o in_o henry_n the_o two_o his_o protection_n and_o that_o king_n powerful_o assist_v he_o both_o against_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v at_o such_o odds_o with_o the_o pope_n as_o to_o prohibit_v the_o bring_n of_o any_o money_n out_o of_o france_n to_o rome_n at_o which_o the_o pope_n amaze_v desire_a peace_n of_o the_o king_n and_o desist_v to_o oppose_v octavio_n yea_o and_o cause_v the_o emperor_n to_o restore_v placentia_n to_o octavio_n since_o which_o time_n octavio_n and_o his_o successor_n have_v enjoy_v parma_n and_o placentia_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n protect_v also_o the_o prince_n of_o mirandola_n who_o the_o pope_n will_v oppress_v before_o that_o time_n a_o 1545._o the_o emperor_n get_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o protestant_a prince_n of_o germany_n their_o two_o chief_a man_n friderick_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o philip_n landgrave_n of_o hâ—sse_n be_v take_v prisoner_n whereby_o the_o protestant_a party_n be_v so_o humble_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1550._o they_o implore_v the_o help_n of_o henry_n the_o two_o of_o france_n who_o pass_v into_o germany_n to_o relieve_v they_o the_o constable_n of_o montmorency_n in_o his_o way_n seize_v upon_o the_o town_n of_o metz_n toul_n and_o verdus_n upon_o the_o right_n which_o we_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n that_o enterprise_n of_o henry_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o protestant_n make_v the_o emperor_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o they_o in_o haste_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v come_v to_o strasburg_n be_v desire_v by_o they_o to_o return_v because_o they_o be_v agree_v with_o the_o emperor_n return_v from_o germany_n he_o take_v many_o town_n in_o lutzenburg_n rochemar_n danvilliers_n ivoy_n bovillon_n and_o the_o emperor_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1551._o besiege_v metz_n so_o well_o defend_v by_o francis_n duke_n of_o guise_n that_o the_o siege_n be_v raise_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o year_n 1552_o terrovenne_n be_v take_v and_o raze_v by_o the_o emperor_n the_o people_n of_o sienna_n fear_v lest_o that_o cosmo_n de_fw-fr medicis_n duke_n of_o florence_n shall_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n have_v put_v themselves_o into_o the_o emperor_n hand_n hope_v that_o he_o will_v bring_v they_o in_o their_o liberty_n but_o see_v that_o he_o will_v bring_v they_o under_o the_o subjection_n of_o cosmo_n they_o call_v henry_n the_o two_o to_o their_o help_n who_o give_v they_o blaise_n de_fw-fr montlue_n for_o their_o governor_n who_o since_o be_v marshal_n of_o france_n in_o his_o commentary_n he_o have_v describe_v how_o that_o city_n be_v besiege_v but_o in_o the_o end_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o florentine_a in_o the_o year_n 1555._o the_o emperor_n charles_n resign_v the_o imperial_a crown_n to_o his_o brother_n ferdinand_n and_o all_o his_o other_o estate_n to_o his_o son_n philip_n the_o ii_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o henry_n and_o philip_n be_v move_v near_o ardres_n and_o perfect_v near_o cambray_n a_o 1556._o for_o ten_o year_n and_o swear_v by_o the_o two_o king_n feb._n 6._o but_o present_o after_o the_o death_n of_o juliet_n the_o iii_o and_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o marcel_n the_o ii_o which_o last_v but_o two_o and_o twenty_o day_n the_o peace_n be_v break_v upon_o the_o election_n of_o paul_n the_o iv_o a_o neapolitan_a of_o the_o house_n of_o caraffa_n ally_v to_o that_o of_o melpha_n which_o have_v always_o be_v of_o the_o french_a faction_n and_o be_v odious_a to_o the_o spaniard_n who_o use_v all_o their_o power_n to_o hinder_v his_o election_n and_o when_o in_o spite_n of_o they_o he_o be_v elect_v they_o raise_v two_o powerful_a family_n of_o rome_n against_o he_o the_o columna_n and_o the_o vitelly_n who_o revolt_v against_o the_o pope_n be_v assist_v by_o philip._n the_o king_n send_v help_v to_o the_o pope_n so_o the_o truce_n be_v break_v many_o exploit_n of_o arm_n be_v do_v about_o rome_n but_o octob._n 14._o 1557_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o spaniard_n agree_v and_o henry_n call_v his_o army_n back_o but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n philip_n have_v marry_v queen_n mary_n of_o england_n make_v his_o wife_n declare_v war_n to_o henry_n by_o a_o herald_n of_o arm_n who_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o at_o reims_n whence_o follow_v many_o various_a effect_n of_o war_n in_o picardy_n and_o champagne_n till_o the_o memorable_a battle_n of_o saint_n guintin_n lose_v by_o the_o french_a an_z 1557._o where_o the_o constable_n be_v take_v but_o francis_n duke_n of_o guise_n new_o return_v from_o italy_n revive_v the_o sad_a condition_n of_o france_n by_o the_o take_n of_o calais_n guines_n the_o land_n of_o oye_n and_o the_o town_n of_o thionville_n the_o two_o army_n of_o these_o two_o prince_n be_v both_o in_o sight_n one_o of_o another_o in_o picardy_n near_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n the_o constable_n of_o france_n and_o the_o martial_a saint_n andrew_n both_o prisoner_n of_o the_o spaniard_n the_o pope_n nuntio_n and_o christina_n dowager_n of_o lorraine_n cosen-german_a to_o philip_n manage_v a_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v at_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n in_o february_n 1559._o by_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o treaty_n the_o french_a king_n be_v to_o execute_v religious_o all_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o charles_n the_o v._o and_z francis_z the_o i._o whereby_o they_o understand_v the_o cession_n make_v of_o naples_n milan_n flanders_n and_o artois_n unless_o the_o present_a treaty_n do_v contradict_v it_o but_o that_o treaty_n mention_v only_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o town_n take_v on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o rendition_n of_o the_o state_n of_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n to_o philibert_n emanuel_n duke_n of_o savoy_n also_o by_o that_o treaty_n a_o marriage_n be_v agree_v on_o between_o philip_n then_o new_o a_o widower_n by_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n mary_n of_o england_n and_o elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o henry_n the_o ii_o which_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v call_v the_o queen_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o celebration_n of_o that_o marriage_n henry_n the_o two_o be_v slay_v paragraphe_n vii_o from_o the_o peace_n of_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n 1559._o to_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alenson_n 1584._o there_o be_v no_o open_a war_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n all_o that_o time_n which_o comprehend_v the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o two_o charles_n the_o ix_o and_o great_a part_n of_o that_o of_o henry_n the_o iii_o but_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o that_o queen_n of_o peace_n the_o union_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o trouble_n of_o religion_n be_v rise_v in_o france_n philip_n assist_v the_o french_a king_n with_o his_o arm_n under_o francis_n the_o ii_o in_o this_o reign_n of_o ninteen_o month_n the_o history_n observe_v two_o notable_a thing_n which_o be_v much_o for_o our_o purpose_n 1._o the_o state_n of_o france_n be_v in_o trouble_n at_o the_o entry_n of_o this_o reign_n by_o the_o great_a favour_n of_o the_o guise_n uncle_n to_o queen_n mary_n of_o scotland_n wife_n to_o francis_n the_o two_o and_o by_o the_o queen-mother_n catherine_n de_fw-fr medicis_n who_o take_v the_o regency_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o antony_n of_o bourbon_n king_n of_o navarra_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o france_n after_o the_o king_n brother_n who_o be_v keep_v low_o and_o all_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n with_o he_o seem_v to_o threaten_v france_n of_o a_o civil_a war._n philip_n the_o two_o consider_v that_o state_n of_o france_n send_v to_o francis_n the_o two_o a_o letter_n which_o be_v read_v in_o the_o council_n whereby_o he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v hear_v how_o some_o great_a man_n of_o france_n be_v ill_o satisfy_v of_o the_o government_n establish_v by_o he_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n francis_n threaten_v his_o state_n of_o a_o civil_a war._n that_o he_o philip_n be_v ready_a to_o employ_v all_o his_o force_n and_o his_o life_n to_o make_v he_o obey_v as_o his_o good_a confederate_n and_o neighbour_n remember_v the_o good_a instruction_n and_o the_o holy_a education_n which_o his_o father_n charles_n the_o v._o have_v receive_v from_o lewis_n the_o xii_o his_o guardian_n 2._o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n be_v degrade_v from_o the_o rank_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v have_v in_o the_o court_n antony_z king_n of_o navarra_n retire_v into_o bearn_n and_o when_o the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n and_o the_o prince_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr roche_n sur_fw-fr yon_n conduct_v the_o queen_n of_o spain_n to_o her_o husband_n he_o bear_v they_o company_n now_o because_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o marriage_n that_o princess_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o philip_n upon_o the_o
1589._o after_o he_o have_v see_v the_o revolt_n of_o most_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n henry_n the_o iv_o succeed_v he_o and_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o protestant_n and_o part_n of_o the_o papist_n the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n who_o keep_v paris_n receive_v baptista_n taxis_fw-la and_o other_o for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o raise_v party_n for_o the_o degrade_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n and_z the_o advancing_z of_o the_o league_n in_o march_v 1590._o philip_n publish_v a_o edict_n whereby_o he_o exhort_v all_o catholic_a prince_n to_o join_v with_o he_o for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o charles_n the_o x_o mean_v the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n who_o the_o league_n have_v make_v king_n to_o the_o exclusion_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n the_o same_o year_n 1590._o king_n henry_n besiege_v paris_n philip_n send_v the_o duke_n of_o parma_n out_o of_o flanders_n with_o a_o great_a army_n who_o take_v lagny_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o paris_n the_o next_o year_n after_o the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n be_v dead_a the_o leaguer_n consult_v about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n many_o of_o the_o seize_v that_o be_v of_o the_o sixteen_o man_n that_o govern_v paris_n affect_v to_o the_o spanish_a party_n vote_v for_o philip_n daughter_n clara_n eugenia_n isabel_n of_o which_o claim_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o but_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n who_o desire_v rather_o to_o have_v the_o crown_n either_o for_o himself_o or_o for_o some_o of_o his_o house_n protract_v that_o business_n and_o turn_v it_o over_o to_o the_o state_n general_n of_o the_o league_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n send_v precedent_n jannin_n into_o spain_n unto_o who_o philip_n promise_v all_o assistance_n to_o the_o league_n upon_o condition_n that_o his_o daughter_n shall_v be_v acknowledge_v queen_n either_o alone_a or_o with_o such_o a_o husband_n as_o she_o shall_v choose_v that_o precedent_n return_v much_o offend_v with_o philip_n proceed_v especial_o because_o speak_v of_o the_o town_n of_o france_n he_o will_v say_v my_o city_n of_o paris_n my_o city_n of_o orleans_n and_o ever_o since_o solicit_v the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n to_o reconcile_v himself_o with_o the_o king_n an._n 1591._o king_n henry_n the_o iv_o besiege_v and_o press_v roven_v very_o sore_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n return_v and_o make_v he_o raise_v the_o siege_n before_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n come_v into_o france_n he_o propound_v two_o condition_n to_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n the_o one_o that_o he_o shall_v put_v the_o town_n of_o la_fw-fr fere_n into_o his_o hand_n which_o he_o do_v and_o the_o parmezan_n put_v a_o garrison_n in_o it_o of_o four_o hundred_o spaniard_n the_o other_o that_o he_o shall_v press_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o league_n to_o declare_v the_o infanta_n queen_n of_o france_n du_n main_a promise_v he_o to_o move_v the_o assembly_n about_o it_o and_o give_v he_o hope_v that_o king_n philip_n shall_v be_v content_v in_o january_n 1593._o be_v the_o open_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o league_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o feria_n extraordinary_a ambassador_n of_o spain_n declare_v his_o master_n zeal_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o religion_n desire_v they_o to_o choose_v a_o catholic_a king_n and_o to_o preserve_v unto_o the_o infanta_n of_o spain_n the_o right_n she_o have_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o which_o that_o famous_a arrest_n or_o sentence_n be_v give_v by_o the_o parliament_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n and_o though_o afterward_o the_o spaniard_n propose_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o infanta_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n or_o with_o ernestus_n brother_n to_o the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n they_o be_v rebuke_v by_o the_o state_n as_o make_v a_o proposition_n contrary_n to_o the_o salic_a law_n when_o they_o press_v again_o that_o the_o infanta_n shall_v be_v acknowledge_v queen_n with_o such_o a_o prince_n as_o philip_n shall_v name_v within_o two_o month_n they_o be_v answer_v that_o when_o the_o state_n have_v choose_v a_o catholic_a prince_n if_o he_o be_v not_o marry_v they_o will_v consent_v that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o infanta_n but_o the_o hope_n which_o henry_n give_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o the_o party_n of_o the_o league_n that_o he_o will_v come_v to_o their_o religion_n destroy_v all_o these_o design_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o he_o be_v anoint_v king_n at_o chartes_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1594_o and_o soon_o after_o enter_v into_o paris_n whence_o the_o duke_n of_o feria_n depart_v with_o the_o spanish_a garrison_n the_o same_o year_n the_o duke_n du_fw-fr main_n have_v lose_v paris_n and_o see_v the_o league_n fall_v to_o piece_n go_v to_o bruxelles_n and_o ask_v succour_v of_o ernest_n of_o austria_n governor_n of_o the_o country_n who_o send_v charles_n count_n of_o mansfeld_n into_o france_n mansfeld_n take_v la_o capelle_n and_o return_n into_o flanders_n but_o henry_n have_v lay_v the_o siege_n to_o laon_n mansfeld_n return_v and_o in_o vain_a endeavour_v to_o make_v he_o raise_v the_o siege_n the_o king_n take_v laon_n pass_v to_o cambray_n a_o imperial_a town_n which_o balagni_n hold_v with_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n since_o the_o first_o voyage_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n the_o king_n confirm_v that_o principality_n to_o he_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o france_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1594._o henry_n have_v break_v most_o part_n of_o the_o league_n declare_v war_n to_o the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bovillon_n by_o reason_n of_o philip_n open_a enmity_n against_o he_o and_o the_o assistance_n which_o he_o have_v give_v to_o the_o league_n and_o because_o he_o hold_v from_o he_o la_fw-fr fere_n and_o la_fw-fr capelle_n that_o declaration_n be_v make_v to_o the_o archduke_n ernest_n he_o answer_v that_o he_o will_v send_v word_n of_o it_o to_o king_n philip_n and_o a_o delay_n of_o two_o month_n be_v grant_v war_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n the_o war_n begin_v the_o duke_n of_o bovillon_n have_v ill_a success_n in_o lutzemburg_n king_n henry_n pass_v into_o burgundy_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o dison_n notwithstanding_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr main_fw-fr and_o win_v the_o battle_n of_o fontaine_n francoise_n in_o burgundy_n against_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n and_o the_o constable_n of_o castilia_n the_o count_n of_o fuentes_n take_v from_o he_o catelet_n dourlans_n and_o han_n and_o cambray_n from_o balagni_n martial_n d'_fw-fr aumont_n oppose_v the_o spaniard_n in_o britain_n into_o which_o they_o be_v let_v in_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o mercoeur_n governor_n of_o britain_n for_o the_o league_n who_o have_v deliver_v blavet_fw-la into_o their_o hand_n an._n 1595._o king_n henry_n get_v his_o absolution_n from_o pope_n clement_n the_o viii_o the_o spaniard_n oppose_v it_o represent_v henry_n to_o the_o pope_n as_o relapse_v and_o impenitent_a but_o du_n perron_n and_o d'_fw-fr ossat_n since_o make_v cardinal_n overcome_v that_o party_n in_o the_o year_n 1596._o charles_n de_fw-fr casaut_n and_o lovis_fw-la d'_fw-fr aix_n viguier_n of_o marseille_n treat_v with_o the_o spaniard_n to_o deliver_v the_o city_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o peter_n liberta_fw-la keep_v it_o in_o the_o obedience_n of_o his_o sovereign_n henry_n and_o kill_v casaut_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o same_o year_n albert_n cardinal_n of_o austria_n governor_n of_o netherlands_n take_v calais_n and_o ardres_n and_o henry_n retake_v la_n fere._n he_o make_v alliance_n with_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n with_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n and_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1597._o ferdinand_n teil_n a_o spanish_a captain_n surprise_v amiens_n which_o sudden_o be_v retake_v by_o henry_n cardinal_n albert_n in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o relieve_v it_o the_o year_n before_o the_o cardinal_n of_o medicis_n who_o since_o be_v leo_n the_o xi_o be_v in_o france_n to_o procure_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o article_n promise_v by_o the_o king_n when_o he_o receive_v his_o absolution_n from_o the_o pope_n have_v be_v prepare_v his_o mind_n towards_o a_o peace_n with_o philip_n the_o ii_o who_o see_v himself_o very_o old_a and_o droop_a to_o the_o grave_n seek_v to_o leave_v his_o dominion_n peaceable_a to_o his_o son_n who_o be_v but_o weak_a in_o body_n and_o mind_n henry_n also_o desire_v to_o give_v peace_n to_o his_o subject_n tire_v and_o exhaust_v with_o continual_a war_n forty_o year_n together_o so_o that_o cardinal_n with_o the_o general_n of_o the_o franciscans_n bonaventure_n calatagirona_n a_o sicilian_a dispose_v both_o the_o party_n to_o a_o treaty_n the_o place_n be_v choose_v for_o it_o at_o veruins_n in_o february_n 1598._o where_o a_o perpetual_a peace_n be_v conclude_v between_o the_o two_o crown_n and_o the_o treaty_n
a_o view_n of_o the_o difference_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o which_o be_v show_v the_o present_a posture_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o europe_n english_v by_o a_o person_n of_o honour_n london_n print_v for_o h._n herringman_n and_o sell_v by_o jos_n knight_n and_o far._n saunders_n at_o the_o blue_a anchor_n in_o the_o lower-walk_a of_o the_o new-exchange_n 1684._o a_o character_n of_o this_o worke._n this_o be_v the_o map_n of_o the_o present_a interess_n of_o prince_n the_o quintessence_n of_o the_o history_n of_o five_o or_o six_o age_n and_o of_o as_o many_o kingdom_n the_o state-resolve_a of_o a_o deep_a and_o consummate_a politician_n perfect_v by_o the_o peruse_n of_o many_o volume_n of_o history_n and_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o many_o year_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o these_o be_v private_a note_n of_o some_o great_a statesman_n gather_v for_o readiness_n in_o his_o public_a employment_n and_o that_o they_o be_v publish_v without_o his_o name_n make_v i_o suspect_v that_o they_o come_v out_o without_o his_o leave_n howsoever_o this_o be_v a_o treasure_n for_o all_o that_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o world_n and_o penetrate_v into_o the_o infide_v of_o business_n a_o help_n of_o memory_n for_o they_o that_o have_v read_v many_o history_n and_o a_o ease_n of_o labour_n for_o such_o as_o want_v leisure_n to_o read_v they_o the_o true_a case_n of_o the_o business_n which_o be_v at_o this_o time_n between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n preface_n the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o important_a of_o christendom_n and_o such_o as_o draw_v to_o their_o motion_n all_o the_o other_o crown_n between_o these_o two_o house_n there_o have_v be_v many_o war_n alteration_n treaty_n truce_n and_o peace_n since_o the_o rise_n of_o that_o of_o austria_n of_o which_o we_o may_v assign_v the_o beginning_n at_o the_o marriage_n of_o maximilian_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n 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catalonia_n portugal_n navarra_n naples_n milan_n etc._n etc._n also_o what_o claim_v the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v to_o burgundy_n britain_n provence_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v those_o disputable_a right_n which_o have_v beget_v so_o many_o division_n and_o war_n between_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o unreconcilable_a hatred_n between_o the_o nation_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n the_o business_n shall_v be_v present_v which_o pass_v between_o the_o two_o kingdom_n from_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n in_o the_o year_n 1435._o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n in_o 1598._o war_n battle_n treaty_n truce_n and_o peace_n the_o five_o shall_v relate_v all_o that_o past_a from_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n till_o now_o chap._n i._n the_o prince_n that_o govern_v europe_n paragraphe_n i._n europe_n the_o least_o of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o world_n know_v to_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n and_o the_o most_o northerly_a but_o the_o most_o populous_a and_o that_o within_o which_o almost_o all_o christendom_n be_v comprehend_v have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o begin_v at_o the_o cap_n st._n vincent_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o portugal_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o algarba_n near_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraltar_n where_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n begin_v which_o take_v several_a name_n as_o it_o touch_v upon_o several_a province_n as_o spain_n france_n italy_n sicily_n greece_n the_o isle_n of_o candie_n be_v the_o utmost_a of_o europe_n that_o way_n and_o it_o be_v divide_v from_o africa_n by_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n eastward_o ascend_v to_o the_o north_n europe_n be_v bound_v again_o by_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o aegean_a sea_n call_v now_o archipelago_n hellospont_n now_o burdanelles_n or_o the_o straight_a of_o gallipoli_n propontis_n now_o mar_n de_fw-fr marmora_fw-la bosphorus_n thracius_n now_o the_o straight_a of_o constantinople_n pontus_n euxinus_n now_o the_o black_a sea_n or_o mar_n major_a high_a it_o be_v bound_v by_o meotides_n paludes_n and_o the_o river_n tanais_n now_o don_n remount_v to_o its_o spring_n and_o thenceforward_o a_o line_n be_v imagine_v draw_v to_o the_o north_n butt_v either_o at_o the_o golph_n of_o st._n nicholas_n or_o some_o such_o other_o place_n thereabouts_o in_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o moscovia_n country_n for_o that_o northern_a tract_n unknown_a to_o ancient_a geographer_n be_v yet_o so_o little_o know_v that_o the_o limit_n of_o europe_n that_o way_n can_v never_o be_v well_o assign_v on_o all_o the_o east-side_n europe_n neighbour_v upon_o the_o great_a asia_n and_o be_v occidental_a to_o it_o on_o the_o north-side_n ancient_a geograhper_n have_v set_v no_o limit_n to_o europe_n but_o have_v comprehend_v these_o northern_a extremity_n either_o under_o the_o name_n of_o hyperborean_a hill_n although_o there_o be_v no_o hill_n in_o that_o tract_n or_o under_o the_o name_n of_o mare_n glaciale_a or_o the_o freeze_a sea_n which_o we_o may_v take_v from_o the_o golph_n of_o st._n nicolas_n or_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n unto_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v about_o norway_n and_o finmarch_n and_o so_o towards_o the_o isle_n of_o freezland_n and_o island_n on_o that_o side_n europe_n butt_v upon_o the_o pole_n and_o be_v not_o near_o any_o considerable_a land_n some_o few_o land_n only_o ill_o inhabit_v as_o nova_n zembla_n and_o niewland_n on_o the_o westside_n europe_n have_v the_o great_a ocean_n from_o the_o isle_n of_o freesland_n and_o is-land_n to_o the_o cap_n of_o st._n vincent_n which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o portugal_n and_o that_o ocean_n take_v divers_a name_n according_a to_o the_o divers_a country_n that_o it_o touch_v as_o the_o britannique_a land_n norway_n denmark_n germany_n holland_n zealand_n flanders_n the_o straight_a of_o calais_n the_o coast_n of_o normandy_n britain_n poitou_n saintonge_n guienne_n the_o golph_n of_o bayonne_n the_o coast_n of_o biscay_n gallicia_n portugal_n algerke_n to_o the_o cap_n st._n vincent_n these_o be_v the_o limit_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o four_o wall_n which_o enclose_v all_o that_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o europe_n the_o length_n whereof_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o cap_n st._n vincent_n to_o the_o golph_n s_o nicholas_n or_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n which_o be_v two_o thousand_o french_a common_a league_n or_o as_o far_o northward_n as_o one_o will_n the_o breadth_n from_o morea_n towards_o the_o isle_n cythera_n to_o the_o north_n towards_o finmarch_n and_o lapland_n which_o be_v twelve_o of_o fifteen_o hundred_o league_n a_o more_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o topography_n of_o each_o country_n be_v not_o for_o this_o place_n here_o only_o we_o will_v enumerate_v the_o state_n contain_v within_o that_o extent_n and_o that_o but_o in_o the_o great_a as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o understand_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o europe_n of_o christendom_n at_o least_o we_o shall_v be_v begin_v that_o enumeration_n by_o the_o west_n and_o from_o thence_o pass_v to_o the_o east_n we_o shall_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o there_o end_n paragraphe_n ii_o the_o first_o prince_n on_o the_o west_n of_o europe_n be_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n beside_o that_o which_o he_o have_v in_o africa_n and_o in_o the_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n beside_o a_o number_n infinite_a of_o land_n cap_n &_o havens_n from_o the_o isle_n azore_n to_o the_o cap_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o from_o that_o cap_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o moluke_n and_o philippine_n land_n 1._o that_o which_o he_o hold_v in_o europe_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o peninsula_n enclose_v within_o the_o ocean_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n under_o several_a name_n of_o
fly_v and_o shut_v their_o gate_n against_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n but_o indeed_o that_o town_n and_o all_o the_o other_o state_n be_v piece_n depend_v from_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o emperor_n power_n be_v by_o succession_n of_o time_n confine_v within_o germany_n only_o retain_v almost_o nothing_o out_o of_o it_o but_o the_o shade_n of_o their_o ancient_a authority_n 4._o in_o the_o celtique_a gaul_n french_fw-mi county_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n 5._o the_o city_n of_o besancon_n enclose_v within_o french_a county_n be_v a_o imperial_a city_n 6._o then_o many_o little_a sovereign_a prince_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o the_o thirteen_o canton_n of_o the_o suitzer_n enclose_v within_o the_o alps_n between_o french_a county_n and_o the_o rhine_n of_o they_o four_z are_z protestant_n berne_n which_o alone_o be_v almost_o as_o large_a as_o all_o the_o other_o basel_n zurick_n and_o schaffouse_n which_o be_v a_o town_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n seven_o catholic_n as_o they_o style_v themselves_o two_o great_a friburg_n and_o soleurre_n and_o the_o five_o little_a canton_n uri_n switz_n underwall_n lucerne_n and_o zough_o and_o two_o half_a catholic_n half_a protestant_n glaris_n and_o appenzel_n all_o these_o commonwealth_n make_v one_o body_n of_o state_n have_v their_o associate_n the_o abbot_n of_o saint_n gall_n the_o commonalty_n of_o valley_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o zion_n with_o some_o other_o town_n and_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n the_o three_o league_n of_o the_o grison_n 7._o to_o these_o add_v many_o piece_n about_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v part_n of_o germany_n as_o the_o county_n of_o montbeliard_n which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v buy_v of_o late_a year_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o wirtinberg_n alsatia_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n which_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o consist_v of_o imperial_a town_n and_o other_o town_n which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n now_o hold_v then_o the_o palatinate_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o be_v now_o partly_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o spaniard_n partly_o in_o that_o of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o the_o protestant_n 8._o the_o duchy_n of_o lorraine_n which_o before_o acknowledge_v the_o duke_n be_v now_o almost_o altogether_o in_o the_o king_n of_o frances_n his_o hand_n 9_o the_o principality_n of_o liege_n be_v depend_v from_o the_o bishopric_n thereof_o 10._o the_o duchy_n of_o juliers_n and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o cleves_n now_o divide_v between_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 11._o the_o archbishopric_a of_o treve_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n of_o mosella_n 12._o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o netherlands_n four_o of_o which_o be_v dutchy_n brabant_n luxembourg_n limbourg_n and_o guelderland_n they_o belong_v to_o the_o spaniard_n part_n of_o guelderland_n except_v and_o some_o town_n of_o brabant_n the_o marquisat_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n which_o be_v the_o town_n of_o antwerp_n seven_o county_n namur_n hainault_n artois_n flanders_n these_o four_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o spaniard_n except_v that_o which_o the_o french_a hold_n in_o artois_n and_o hainault_n and_o the_o sluice_n and_o other_o place_n which_o the_o hollander_n hold_v in_o flanders_n the_o three_o other_o county_n be_v zealand_n holland_n and_o zutphen_n there_o be_v five_o lordship_n more_o mechlen_n which_o the_o spaniard_n hold_v and_o utrecht_n overissell_n west-friesland_n and_o groan_v which_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o hollander_n all_o these_o be_v common_o call_v the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o netherlands_n and_o the_o belgic_a gaul_n although_o some_o of_o they_o be_v out_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o gaul_n and_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n as_o overissel_n friesland_n groan_v and_o part_n of_o guelderland_n all_o these_o estate_n containâ—ed_v within_o the_o extent_n of_o gaul_n be_v of_o no_o great_a importance_n neither_o be_v they_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o french_a except_v those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o spaniard_n or_o protect_v by_o the_o empire_n to_o these_o cambray_n must_v be_v add_v a_o imperial_a and_o archi-episcopal_a town_n hold_v by_o the_o spaniard_n paragraphe_n v._n here_o let_v we_o enumerate_v all_o the_o prince_n contain_v in_o that_o great_a peninsula_n call_v italy_n between_o the_o golph_n of_o venice_n the_o coast_n of_o genoa_n toscana_n naples_n the_o golph_n of_o tarento_n the_o jonique_fw-la sea_n and_o the_o alps_n within_o that_o extent_n there_o be_v many_o prince_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v six_o 1._o the_o king_n of_o spain_n hold_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n with_o some_o place_n upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o town_n of_o sienna_n 2._o the_o pope_n with_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n beside_o the_o sovereignty_n over_o naples_n and_o parma_n hold_v in_o proper_a dominion_n above_o three_o hundred_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o a_o hundred_o in_o breadth_n begin_v from_o caieta_n to_o ferrara_n and_o to_o the_o country_n of_o the_o venetian_n he_o possess_v the_o whole_a latium_n common_o call_v campagna_n di_fw-it roma_fw-it where_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n stand_v part_n of_o toscana_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o st_n peter_n the_o town_n of_o perousa_n viterbo_n orvietta_n the_o duchy_n of_o spoleto_n where_o marca_n d'_fw-fr ancona_n be_v seat_v the_o duchy_n of_o urbino_n late_o devolve_v to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n by_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o roveros_n which_o hold_v it_o in_o fee_n the_o town_n of_o bolonia_n and_o ravenna_n the_o duchy_n of_o ferrara_n return_v to_o the_o church_n under_o pope_n clement_n the_o viii_o a_o 1598._o by_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o lawful_a male_n of_o the_o family_n of_o est_fw-la also_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o duchy_n and_o town_n of_o renevent_v in_o these_o country_n there_o be_v above_o fifty_o bishopric_n and_o above_o a_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o inhabitant_n 3._o the_o commonwealth_n of_o venice_n possess_v beside_o the_o city_n of_o venice_n seat_v within_o the_o marsh_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n within_o the_o continent_n of_o italy_n histria_n a_o peninsula_n the_o country_n of_o friuli_n call_v in_o old_a time_n forum_n julii_n milan_n vicenza_n verona_n brixia_n bergumo_n and_o out_o of_o italy_n from_o histria_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o ragousa_n almost_o all_o that_o be_v on_o that_o coast_n of_o the_o golph_n of_o venice_n where_o the_o town_n of_o zara_n sebennico_n spalleto_n cataro_n and_o every_o be_v venice_n border_v upon_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o share_v with_o it_o the_o country_n of_o dalmatia_n and_o slavonia_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n venice_n hold_v the_o isle_n of_o corfou_n zante_n cephalenia_n cerigo_n and_o the_o great_a island_n of_o candy_n now_o dispute_v to_o they_o by_o the_o turk_n and_o even_o before_o the_o turk_n invasion_n candy_n call_v itself_o a_o sovereign_a commonwealth_n acknowledge_v for_o their_o head_n francisco_n erizzo_n of_o a_o ancient_a family_n in_o the_o year_n 1470._o one_o of_o his_o ancestor_n be_v governor_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o negrepont_n be_v take_v by_o the_o turk_n and_o saw_v in_o two_o contrary_a to_o the_o faith_n give_v to_o he_o 8._o the_o great_a duke_n of_o toscana_n be_v possess_v with_o the_o estate_n of_o three_o ancient_a commonwealth_n pisa_n florence_n and_o sienna_n his_o territory_n run_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o toscan_n sea_n where_o he_o have_v also_o the_o isle_n of_o elva_n the_o now_o duke_n be_v ferdinand_n ii_o 9_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n possess_v almost_o all_o that_o which_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o riviera_n di_fw-it genoa_n and_o liguria_n they_o hold_v also_o the_o island_n of_o corsica_n 6._o the_o prince_n of_o piedmont_n be_v the_o same_o as_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n he_o hold_v in_o italy_n valdosta_n vercellois_n piedmont_n the_o marquisat_n of_o salluce_n the_o now_o duke_n be_v charles_n emanuel_n beside_o these_o six_o considerable_a prince_n there_o be_v some_o of_o a_o low_a form_n the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n who_o country_n be_v compass_v by_o the_o venetian_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o malan_n and_o the_o river_n of_o po_n on_o the_o other_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n and_o rhegio_n which_o be_v a_o imperial_a fee_n hold_v by_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o family_n of_o est_fw-la or_o atestini_n the_o duke_n of_o parma_n and_o placentia_n who_o beside_o that_o fee_n of_o which_o he_o be_v invest_v by_o pope_n paul_n the_o iii_o have_v or_o claim_v as_o a_o proper_a inheritance_n of_o the_o house_n farnesi_n the_o duchy_n of_o castro_n in_o toscana_n near_o rome_n out_o of_o which_o he_o be_v late_o expel_v by_o the_o pope_n the_o county_n of_o mirandola_n hold_v by_o the_o family_n of_o pici._n
which_o he_o â—aith_v of_o they_o paragraphe_n xii_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o west_n we_o meâ—â—_n with_o the_o most_o considerable_a piece_n of_o europâ—_n which_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o germany_n the_o empiâ—â—_n begin_v by_o julius_n caesar_n but_o found_v by_o augustus_n possess_v all_o the_o know_a country_n of_o thâ—_n west_n but_o be_v great_o diminish_v about_o thâ—_n year_n of_o our_o lord_n 400._o for_o then_o by_o the_o incuâ—sions_n of_o the_o goth_n ostrogoth_n alans_n hunâ—_n herule_v vandal_n frankes_n and_o other_o manâ—_n state_n be_v found_v and_o final_o the_o empire_n cease_v in_o the_o west_n altogether_o in_o thâ—_n year_n 445._o by_o the_o death_n of_o augustulus_n and_o thâ—_n whole_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n be_v divide_v in_o many_o state_n in_o the_o year_n 800._o the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n begin_v afresh_o in_o the_o person_n of_o charlemaigne_n whâ—_n under_o that_o name_n possess_v all_o the_o gaul_n paâ—â—_n of_o spain_n almost_o all_o italy_n the_o great_a germâ—nie_n hungary_n slavonia_n part_n of_o poland_n anâ—_n denmark_n and_o other_o northern_a country_n but_o his_o posterity_n have_v degenerate_v thâ—_n empire_n go_v from_o his_o family_n about_o the_o yeâ—â—_n 912._o and_o after_o a_o long_a dispute_n about_o it_o between_o the_o italian_a and_o german_a prince_n otâ—â—_n duke_n of_o saxony_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o iâ—_n and_o from_o that_o time_n that_o which_o remain_v the_o empire_n have_v continue_v in_o the_o hand_n german_a prince_n that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o empire_n at_o this_o day_n have_v more_o shadow_n than_o substance_n i_o call_v a_o shadow_n all_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o emperor_n out_o of_o germany_n which_o be_v wear_v out_o with_o age_n and_o lose_v or_o remain_v with_o small_a vigour_n as_o â—he_v pretence_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n and_o the_o low-countries_n savoy_n franche_n county_n besancon_n and_o the_o like_a in_o germany_n he_o have_v some_o real_a and_o effective_a power_n germany_n at_o this_o time_n comprehend_v all_o that_o country_n between_o the_o border_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n on_o the_o east_n the_o baltique_a sea_n and_o denmark_n on_o the_o north_n the_o germanic_a sea_n and_o france_n on_o the_o west_n and_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n and_o the_o alps_n on_o the_o south_n neither_o be_v the_o emperor_n absolute_a every_o where_n or_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o large_a space_n for_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o circle_n or_o great_a province_n which_o have_v a_o proper_a right_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o to_o look_v to_o their_o own_o business_n and_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o general_a diet_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o circle_n there_o be_v many_o free_a city_n and_o many_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastical_a prince_n the_o chief_a be_v the_o seven_o electour_n three_o ecclesiastical_a the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n collen_n and_o treve_n four_o secular_a the_o count_n palatine_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o the_o marquesse_n of_o brandenhurg_n and_o next_o to_o these_o the_o duke_n of_o banteres_n the_o duke_n of_o wirtenberg_n luneburg_n mechelburg_n brunswicâ—_n the_o landgrave_n of_o hesse_n and_o many_o other_o buâ—_n above_o all_o these_o house_n that_o of_o austria_n be_v considerable_a of_o which_o we_o must_v speak_v in_o the_o neâ—â—_n chapter_n for_o beside_o the_o title_n of_o emperouâ—_n by_o election_n now_o continue_v in_o their_o family_n for_o many_o descent_n they_o possess_v their_o ancient_a patrimony_n austria_n stiria_n carinthia_n carnia_n tirolis_n elzas_n they_o hold_v also_o bohemia_n anâ—_n that_o little_a part_n of_o hungary_n which_o remain_v unto_o the_o christian_n all_o germany_n be_v divideâ—_n between_o papist_n lutheran_n and_o calvinists_n these_o three_o and_o the_o mahometan_a and_o the_o greeâ—_n religion_n be_v the_o principal_a religion_n knowâ—_n in_o europe_n chap._n ii_o by_o what_o degree_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v come_v to_o those_o great_a estate_n which_o iâ—_n possess_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o among_o the_o christian_a prince_n the_o two_o most_o considerable_a family_n be_v those_o of_o france_n and_o austria_n and_o although_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o house_n of_o france_n have_v all_o the_o prerogative_n of_o antiquity_n nobility_n and_o glory_n above_o the_o other_o yet_o that_o of_o austria_n be_v more_o powerful_a for_o extent_n of_o land_n and_o multitude_n of_o people_n and_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o more_o eminent_a quality_n which_o be_v the_o empire_n but_o because_o they_o hold_v it_o only_o by_o election_n they_o have_v that_o pre-eminence_n but_o for_o a_o time_n so_o that_o the_o family_n of_o austria_n from_o a_o sovereign_n may_v become_v a_o subject_a which_o can_v never_o happen_v to_o the_o sovereign_n by_o succession_n but_o by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n now_o because_o these_o two_o family_n draw_v to_o their_o motion_n the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o christian_a western_a world_n and_o that_o since_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v take_v a_o stupendous_a growth_n it_o will_v be_v to_o good_a purpose_n to_o examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n her_o birth_n progress_n and_o greatness_n for_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o france_n which_o be_v a_o ground_a monarchy_n of_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n stand_v but_o it_o be_v but_o of_o late_a that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n dare_v claim_v equality_n with_o the_o house_n of_o france_n paragraphe_n i._n yet_o so_o much_o we_o will_v say_v of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n 1._o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v erect_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o the_o year_n 419._o pharamont_n be_v elect_v king_n by_o the_o frankes_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n in_o the_o country_n of_o sicambria_n which_o be_v guelderland_n uretcht_v friesland_n and_o other_o country_n thereabouts_o but_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o son_n clodion_n the_o chevelu_n pass_v ever_o into_o france_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o we_o read_v but_o send_v forth_o their_o army_n to_o conquer_v it_o merovee_n the_o three_o king_n be_v the_o first_o that_o come_v to_o paris_n and_o take_v it_o and_o settle_a himself_o with_o the_o frankes_n in_o gaul_n from_o he_o be_v the_o first_o race_n of_o french_a king_n denominate_v and_o call_v the_o race_n of_o the_o merovingian_o 2._o clovis_n the_o five_o king_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 500_o and_o bring_v the_o french_a state_n to_o great_a splendour_n by_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o roman_n near_a soissons_fw-fr laon_n and_o reins_o by_o the_o conquest_n of_o gaul_n aquitanique_n and_o by_o the_o defeat_n of_o alaric_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o goth_n the_o son_n of_o that_o clovis_n about_o the_o year_n 527._o conquer_v the_o state_n of_o the_o burgundians_n or_o bourgognon_n so_o that_o race_n of_o the_o merovingian_o about_o the_o year_n of_o 530._o be_v possess_v of_o all_o the_o gaul_n yet_o divide_v into_o tetrarchy_n by_o the_o child_n of_o clovis_n and_o again_o by_o their_o descent_n that_o race_n with_o the_o gaul_n hold_v great_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o have_v do_v great_a service_n to_o the_o church_n and_o protect_v desolate_a pope_n goâ—_n from_o they_o the_o name_n of_o most_o christian_n &_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o church_n when_o that_o title_n be_v give_v they_o we_o can_v precise_o tell_v yet_o saint_n gregory_n who_o live_v in_o the_o year_n 600._o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v as_o eminent_a above_o other_o king_n as_o every_o king_n be_v above_o his_o subject_n that_o first_o race_n keep_v long_o the_o fierceness_n of_o german-barbarousnesse_n and_o about_o the_o year_n 650._o after_o the_o death_n of_o dagobert_n they_o degenerate_v to_o idleness_n and_o so_o continue_v for_o a_o hundred_o year_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o mayres_z of_o the_o palace_n to_o encroach_v upon_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n among_o who_o charles_n martel_n be_v most_o eminent_a who_o have_v defeat_v the_o sarrasin_n near_o tours_n and_o kill_v three_o hundred_o threescore_o and_o six_o thousand_o man_n and_o relieve_v the_o pope_n against_o the_o lombard_n raise_v much_o the_o honour_n of_o france_n and_o his_o own_o but_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o first_o royal_a line_n which_o end_v in_o the_o degradation_n of_o the_o unfortunate_a chilperic_n in_o the_o year_n 752._o have_v subsist_v 333_o year_n 5._o the_o second_o race_n much_o more_o illustrious_a than_o the_o first_o begin_v in_o the_o person_n of_o pippin_n son_n to_o that_o charles_n martel_n a_o valorous_a &_o fortunate_a prince_n devout_o addict_v to_o the_o roman_a see_n he_o receive_v pope_n stephen_n the_o first_o into_o france_n and_o put_v down_o adolphus_n king_n
comprehend_v indeed_o all_o the_o west_n and_o herein_o the_o gaul_n that_o empire_n be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o many_o nation_n by_o right_a or_o wrong_n howsoever_o long_a prescription_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n with_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n make_v up_o a_o reasonable_a right_n which_o continue_v in_o the_o roman_a emperor_n till_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 400_o when_o by_o the_o inundation_n of_o many_o northern_a nation_n goths_n vandal_n franks_n and_o other_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v dismember_v and_o the_o several_a conqueror_n of_o each_o part_n make_v themselves_o sovereign_a so_o do_v the_o franks_n in_o gaul_n a_o beginning_n not_o to_o be_v excuse_v of_o violence_n and_o usurpation_n but_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_n prescription_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o conquer_a people_n do_v since_o authorise_v their_o dominion_n and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o age_n of_o these_o invasion_n they_o be_v all_o justify_v and_o the_o conqueror_n remain_v just_a possessor_n especial_o when_o the_o roman_a empire_n end_v in_o augustulus_n an._n 475._o and_o when_o charlemain_n restore_v the_o western_a empire_n a_o 800._o that_o promotion_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o former_a title_n he_o have_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n it_o be_v but_o a_o title_n of_o honour_n which_o he_o and_o after_o he_o his_o son_n lewis_n the_o meek_a possess_v with_o that_o of_o king_n of_o france_n afterward_o by_o the_o partage_n make_v an._n 843._o between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a each_o of_o the_o three_o brother_n have_v his_o portion_n independent_a from_o the_o other_o and_o lothary_a the_o elder_a who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n pretend_v no_o right_n over_o charles_n the_o bald_a who_o have_v france_n for_o his_o portion_n much_o as_o it_o be_v now_o since_o which_o time_n all_o that_o will_v ascribe_v any_o superiority_n to_o the_o emperor_n over_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n that_o be_v acknowledge_v sovereign_a have_v with_o good_a reason_n be_v hiss_v out_o as_o ridiculous_a only_o the_o precedence_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o the_o elder_a among_o the_o brethren_n but_o the_o subjection_n which_o he_o yield_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o small_a right_n which_o he_o retain_v over_o the_o land_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n weaken_v his_o authority_n very_o much_o and_o make_v it_o unworthy_a of_o that_o precedence_n over_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n wherefore_o he_o do_v not_o stir_v those_o ancient_a pretence_n over_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n 2._o some_o german_a historian_n as_o trithemius_n lazius_n munster_n fiesdorpius_n make_v the_o house_n of_o habsburg_n which_o be_v that_o of_o austria_n to_o descend_v from_o the_o first_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n a_o fable_n invent_v since_o 120._o year_n and_o new_o take_v up_o again_o by_o the_o flatterer_n of_o that_o house_n especial_o by_o fiesdorpius_n a_o name_n either_o true_a or_o forge_v by_o the_o spaniard_n to_o understand_v this_o we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v often_o divide_v into_o tetrarchy_n under_o the_o first_o race_n king_n of_o paris_n of_o orleans_n of_o soissons_fw-fr and_o mets._n in_o the_o last_o of_o these_o brunehault_n reign_v with_o great_a power_n that_o abominable_a woman_n so_o much_o renown_v in_o our_o history_n which_o confound_v and_o destroy_v that_o house_n by_o her_o ordinary_a murder_n that_o state_n of_o mets_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o two_o brother_n thierry_n and_o theodebert_n who_o contend_v for_o it_o therry_n join_v with_o his_o grandmother_n brunchault_n overcome_v theodebert_n in_o battle_n and_o put_v he_o cruel_o to_o death_n and_o by_o brunehault_n order_n the_o two_o son_n of_o theodebert_n be_v slay_v in_o her_o presence_n this_o tragedy_n be_v act_v an._n 617._o but_o these_o historian_n to_o flatter_v the_o house_n of_o austria_n say_v that_o of_o these_o two_o son_n of_o theodebert_n the_o one_o call_v sigebert_n escape_v the_o hand_n of_o his_o great_a grandmother_n and_o flee_v into_o germany_n to_o godfrey_n and_o genebald_a duke_n of_o franconie_n his_o uncle_n by_o the_o mother_n by_o who_o intercession_n he_o obtain_v of_o lothary_a king_n of_o france_n his_o cousin_n some_o land_n in_o switzerland_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v renounce_v all_o his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n that_o he_o or_o his_o son_n or_o one_o of_o his_o more_o remote_a descent_n build_v the_o castle_n of_o habsburg_n and_o found_v that_o family_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n descend_v from_o that_o of_o france_n that_o relation_n be_v a_o blind_a tale_n for_o all_o ancient_a historian_n affirm_v that_o both_o the_o son_n of_o theodebert_n and_o he_o have_v no_o more_o be_v slay_v by_o brunehault_n and_o the_o first_o that_o mention_n that_o escape_v of_o sigebert_n be_v trithemius_n who_o live_v about_o six_o score_n year_n ago_o and_o as_o it_o be_v false_a it_o be_v ridiculous_a in_o the_o ordinary_a vicissitude_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o continual_a change_n of_o possession_n to_o set_v up_o title_n after_o a_o interruption_n of_o a_o thousand_o year_n for_o upon_o that_o account_n there_o be_v no_o prince_n in_o europe_n but_o may_v be_v degrade_v and_o no_o mean_a man_n but_o may_v be_v entitle_v to_o some_o principality_n it_o be_v with_o great_a reason_n that_o the_o title_n of_o prescription_n be_v every_o where_o prefer_v before_o all_o title_n and_o though_o the_o tale_n be_v a_o true_a story_n that_o rodolphus_n of_o habsburg_n the_o head_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o family_n of_o habsburg_n by_o the_o woman_n his_o masculine_a extraction_n be_v from_o the_o house_n of_o tiestein_n so_o this_o pretence_n be_v so_o ridiculous_a that_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a speak_n 3._o the_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o valois_n have_v continue_v from_o male_a to_o male_a from_o pphilip_n de_fw-fr valois_n who_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n an._n 1328_o to_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o an._n 1589._o male_n fail_v in_o that_o branch_n the_o crown_n by_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o land_n be_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o next_o branch_n of_o the_o male_n which_o be_v that_o of_o bourbon_n and_o so_o do_v in_o the_o end_n a_o title_n so_o know_v to_o all_o the_o french_a that_o even_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o league_n against_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n as_o profess_v a_o contrary_a religion_n yet_o they_o crown_v the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n and_o call_v he_o charles_n the_o ten_o in_o these_o confusion_n philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n see_v the_o party_n of_o the_o league_n incline_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n claim_v the_o kingdom_n for_o his_o daughter_n clara_n eugenia_n isabel_n as_o daughter_n of_o elizabeth_n of_o france_n his_o three_o wife_n sister_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o three_o last_o king_n francis_z ii_o charles_n ix_o and_o henry_n iii_o and_o of_o francis_n duke_n of_o alenson_n the_o elder_a of_o three_o sister_n of_o which_o the_o second_o be_v claude_n marry_v to_o charles_n duke_n of_o lorraine_n and_o the_o three_o be_v queen_n margaret_n wife_z to_z henry_n the_o four_o then_o only_o titular_a king_n of_o navarra_n he_o allege_v then_o that_o representation_n be_v a_o good_a title_n by_o the_o law_n of_o france_n his_o daughter_n enter_v into_o all_o the_o right_n of_o her_o mother_n elizabeth_n which_o shall_v have_v inherit_v of_o her_o brother_n and_o that_o her_o right_n extend_v even_o to_o the_o crown_n as_o the_o patrimony_n of_o her_o family_n that_o the_o pretend_a salic_a law_n of_o the_o french_a be_v imaginary_a yea_o and_o against_o nature_n against_o humanity_n and_o the_o right_n of_o political_a succession_n which_o require_v that_o all_o inheritance_n may_v go_v to_o the_o next_o heir_n and_o though_o that_o law_n have_v force_n among_o the_o french_a that_o his_o daughter_n be_v not_o a_o subject_n nor_o bear_v in_o france_n can_v not_o be_v tie_v by_o these_o municipal_a law_n that_o between_o sovereign_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nation_n shall_v be_v the_o rule_n that_o all_o law_n of_o nature_n reject_v this_o principle_n that_o the_o succession_n shall_v be_v for_o male_n only_o as_o though_o female_n be_v unreasonable_a creature_n or_o the_o excrement_n and_o sweep_n of_o mankind_n and_o no_o part_n of_o human_a society_n when_o the_o state_n of_o the_o league_n be_v assemble_v in_o paris_n an._n 1593._o some_o unadvised_a anâ—_n rash_a head_n move_v the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n and_o the_o exclude_v of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n whicâ—_n stir_v the_o parliament_n to_o make_v that_o famous_a arrest_n
alphonsus_n possess_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o 6._o rené_fw-fr die_v a_o 1480._o although_o his_o daughter_n yoland_n duchess_n of_o lorraine_n have_v leave_v child_n he_o leave_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o county_n of_o provence_n and_o of_o his_o right_n upon_o naples_n charles_n count_n du_fw-fr maine_n son_n to_o his_o brother_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o title_n and_o charles_n die_v likewise_o without_o issue_n leave_v lewis_n the_o xi_o his_o heir_n in_o all_o his_o state_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n successor_n to_o lewis_n lewis_n neglect_v to_o go_v to_o naples_n hold_v by_o ferdinand_n bastard_n of_o that_o alphonsus_n and_o by_o his_o child_n content_v himself_o to_o hold_v provence_n but_o his_o son_n charles_n the_o viii_o undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n a_o 1493._o and_o after_o he_o lewis_z the_o xii_o and_o francis_n the_o i._o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o shall_v see_v the_o several_a war_n partage_n and_o treaty_n between_o these_o two_o house_n for_o that_o kingdom_n so_o all_o the_o right_n of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1._o the_o investiture_n by_o urban_n the_o iv_o in_o favour_n of_o charles_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n a_o weak_a right_o if_o it_o be_v alone_o the_o french_a king_n have_v not_o succeed_v to_o that_o family_n by_o kindred_n for_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o any_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n do_v not_o therefore_o belong_v to_o france_n 2._o the_o adoption_n of_o lewis_n the_o first_o of_o the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o i._o by_o the_o counsel_n and_o leave_v of_o clement_n the_o vii_o who_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o france_n for_o a_o true_a pope_n by_o that_o adoption_n the_o right_a of_o naples_n fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n of_o which_o the_o french_a king_n have_v inherit_v 3._o the_o two_o adoption_n make_v by_o queen_n jane_n the_o ii_o first_o of_o lewis_n the_o iii_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o after_o he_o of_o his_o brother_n rené_fw-fr 4._o the_o will_n of_o charles_n count_n du_fw-fr maine_n who_o name_v lewis_n the_o xi_o his_o heir_n both_o of_o provence_n and_o of_o his_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o france_n after_o he_o paragraphe_n viii_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n after_o the_o wrack_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n a_o 400._o all_o the_o country_n about_o the_o river_n of_o po_n towards_o the_o alps_n be_v take_v by_o theodorick_n goth_n and_o keep_v by_o his_o child_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 550._o that_o they_o be_v recover_v by_o belisarius_n and_o narses_n two_o captain_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n but_o soon_o after_o the_o same_o country_n be_v win_v by_o the_o ostrogoth_n king_n of_o italy_n and_o again_o by_o the_o lombard_n who_o settle_v a_o great_a state_n there_o and_o maintain_v it_o till_o the_o time_n of_o charlemain_n who_o destroy_v it_o an_z 774._o after_o which_o time_n all_o the_o town_n of_o those_o part_n be_v imperial_a belong_v to_o whosoever_o have_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n the_o house_n of_o charlemain_n be_v degenerate_v and_o have_v lose_v the_o empire_n after_o the_o year_n 900._o the_o empire_n be_v dispute_v between_o the_o italian_a and_o the_o german_a prince_n for_o 50_o year_n in_o the_o end_n the_o german_n have_v prevail_v in_o the_o person_n of_o otho_n the_o i_o &_o the_o emperor_n his_o successor_n have_v choose_v the_o seat_n of_o their_o empire_n in_o germany_n and_o be_v at_o odds_o many_o time_n with_o the_o pope_n their_o power_n sensible_o decay_v in_o italy_n and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o town_n of_o lombardy_n slip_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n and_o choose_v to_o themselves_o italian_a lord_n the_o emperor_n retain_v the_o shadow_n only_o of_o sovereignty_n many_o also_o choose_v liberty_n &_o a_o popular_a state_n as_o sienna_n pisa_n florence_n genoa_n and_o other_o in_o these_o confusion_n the_o city_n of_o milan_n be_v usurp_v by_o the_o viscount_n of_o angleria_n a_o small_a place_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n who_o maintain_v themselves_o about_o six_o hundred_o year_n under_o that_o name_n and_o quality_n of_o viscount_n until_o the_o year_n 1497._o that_o the_o emperor_n wenceslaus_n not_o friderick_n as_o gassan_n say_v erect_v milan_n into_o a_o duchy_n the_o first_o duke_n be_v galeas_n the_o iii_o who_o have_v marry_v isabel_n daughter_n to_o john_n king_n of_o france_n that_o galeas_n have_v three_o son_n john_n maria_n that_o succeed_v he_o and_o die_v without_o issue_n philip_n maria_n that_o succeed_v his_o brother_n who_o likewise_o die_v without_o issue_n leave_v a_o bastard_n daughter_n name_v bona_n marry_v to_o francis_n sforza_n a_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n but_o a_o gallant_a man_n that_o first_o duke_n galeas_n beside_o these_o two_o son_n have_v a_o daughter_n call_v valentina_n marry_v to_o lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n son_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o king_n of_o france_n an_z 1398._o her_o father_n give_v she_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n for_o her_o portion_n with_o a_o million_o of_o liver_n wherewith_o the_o county_n of_o blois_n be_v buy_v chasteauduro_n soissons_fw-fr and_o other_o lordship_n and_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o matrimony_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o if_o the_o masculine_a line_n of_o galeas_n shall_v fail_v valentina_n and_o her_o child_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o duchy_n it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o clause_n have_v this_o great_a defect_n that_o the_o duchy_n be_v establish_v a_o masculine_a fee_n galeas_n can_v not_o make_v it_o feminine_a without_o the_o emperor_n leave_n which_o be_v not_o demand_v because_o the_o empire_n be_v then_o vacant_a by_o the_o degradation_n of_o wenceslaus_n who_o the_o elector_n depose_v for_o his_o idleness_n but_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o pope_n benedict_n the_o xiii_o who_o then_o have_v his_o see_n at_o avignon_n approve_v that_o contract_n for_o that_o right_a the_o pope_n challenge_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o empire_n howsoever_o john_n maria_n and_o philip_n maria_n be_v dead_a without_o lawful_a issue_n none_o have_v more_o right_a to_o that_o succession_n than_o the_o child_n of_o valentina_n but_o that_o succession_n fall_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o confusion_n of_o france_n under_o charles_n the_o vii_o when_o the_o two_o son_n of_o valentina_n charles_n duke_n of_o orleans_n &_o john_n count_n of_o angoulesme_fw-fr be_v prisoner_n in_o england_n where_o the_o elder_a remain_v five_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o the_o second_o well_o nigh_o thirty_o in_o that_o long_a time_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o francis_n sforza_n who_o have_v marry_v bona_n the_o bastard_n daughter_n of_o duke_n philip_n maria_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o milan_n of_o which_o he_o procure_v and_o obtain_v the_o investiture_n from_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o iv_o this_o francis_n sforza_n have_v two_o son_n who_o he_o leave_v to_o the_o tuition_n of_o his_o brother_n ludovick_n sforza_n so_o famous_a in_o the_o history_n of_o milan_n who_o have_v make_v away_o his_o pupil_n seize_v upon_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n and_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o it_o by_o lewis_n the_o xii_o king_n of_o france_n and_o since_o be_v take_v &_o carry_v to_o loches_n where_o he_o die_v in_o prison_n he_o leave_v two_o son_n maximilian_n who_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o swisser_n and_o since_o take_v by_o francis_n the_o i._o and_o die_v in_o france_n his_o other_o son_n be_v francis_n sforza_n the_o second_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n 1534._o so_o that_o house_n of_o sforza_n maintain_v the_o usurpation_n of_o mi._n an_o well_o nigh_o a_o hundred_o year_n among_o many_o war_n and_o division_n the_o lawful_a right_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n with_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n which_o be_v part_n of_o that_o duchy_n but_o that_o right_o can_v not_o be_v prosecute_v 1._o in_o the_o desolation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n and_o the_o great_a division_n between_o that_o house_n and_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n 2._o in_o the_o long_a inprisonment_n of_o the_o two_o prince_n of_o orleans_n 3._o in_o the_o great_a trouble_n of_o the_o state_n of_o france_n almost_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o vii_o 4._o beside_o lewis_n the_o xi_o have_v many_o other_o business_n all_o his_o time_n neither_o do_v he_o love_v the_o house_n of_o orleans_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o blood_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n he_o hate_v the_o war_n of_o italy_n whither_o he_o will_v never_o go_v neither_o for_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n nor_o for_o the_o receive_v the_o city_n of_o genoa_n that_o give_v herself_o to_o he_o 5._o all_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o viii_o be_v spend_v in_o civil_a war_n or_o in_o the_o conquest_n
of_o naples_n and_o lewis_n the_o xii_o grandchild_n of_o valentina_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n a_o 1498_o have_v no_o more_o in_o the_o duchy_n but_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n the_o rest_n be_v hold_v by_o ludovick_n sforza_n son_n to_o the_o invader_n francis_n and_z himself_z invader_n of_o the_o state_n of_o his_o nephew_n but_o lewis_n follow_v his_o right_n come_v to_o milan_n take_v it_o and_o expel_v ludovic_n who_o return_v not_o long_o after_o enter_v into_o milan_n but_o there_o be_v sudden_o invest_v by_o lewis_n he_o be_v take_v carry_v into_o france_n where_o he_o die_v a_o prisoner_n lewis_n remain_v master_n of_o the_o duchy_n but_o because_o ludovic_n have_v two_o son_n protect_v in_o germany_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n i._n lewis_n to_o strengthen_v his_o right_n make_v mean_n to_o win_v the_o emperor_n favour_n of_o who_o in_o the_o end_n he_o obtain_v two_o investiture_n of_o that_o duchy_n the_o one_o an._n 1506_o for_o lewis_n and_o his_o child_n and_o lawful_a heir_n and_o lewis_n for_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o this_o investiture_n pay_v he_o sixty_o thousand_o liver_n and_o promise_v to_o give_v he_o every_o year_n a_o pair_n of_o golden_a spur_n at_o christmas_n also_o in_o that_o investiture_n the_o exclusion_n of_o sforza_n be_v precise_o express_v and_o a_o marriage_n conclude_v between_o charles_n the_o grandchild_n of_o maximilian_n who_o since_o be_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o v._o and_o claude_n the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o which_o also_o be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o investiture_n the_o other_o be_v a_o 1509._o whereby_o the_o same_o emperor_n confirm_v the_o former_a investiture_n with_o a_o condition_n of_o the_o marriage_n between_o charles_n and_o claude_n which_o indeed_o be_v not_o effect_v but_o that_o hinder_v not_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o investiture_n which_o be_v absolute_a the_o first_o at_o least_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o right_n lewis_n remain_v possess_v of_o that_o duchy_n but_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o reign_n maximilian_n sforza_n be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o that_o duchy_n by_o the_o swisser_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n who_o be_v displease_v that_o claude_n promise_v to_o charles_n his_o grandchild_n have_v be_v marry_v to_o francis_n who_o after_o be_v francis_n the_o first_o king_n of_o france_n which_o he_o take_v for_o a_o affront_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o seed_n of_o the_o jealousy_n between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n francis_n the_o first_o have_v regain_v the_o duchy_n and_o take_v maximilian_n neglect_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o a_o while_n after_o charles_n have_v succeed_v his_o grandfather_n in_o the_o empire_n the_o animosity_n grow_v to_o a_o great_a height_n betwixt_o these_o two_o prince_n and_o they_o become_v implacable_a fight_v with_o great_a might_n about_o milan_n till_o that_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n francis_n the_o first_o yield_v his_o right_n as_o we_o will_v relate_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n to_o sum_v up_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o french_a upon_o milan_n they_o be_v ground_v 1._o upon_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n of_o valentina_n who_o be_v substitute_v heir_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o lawful_a heir_n male_a fail_v and_o the_o contract_n be_v valid_a as_o confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o empire_n 2._o the_o investiture_n give_v by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n in_o favour_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o and_o his_o heir_n yea_o of_o claude_n and_o her_o child_n 3._o the_o second_o investiture_n a_fw-fr 1509._o 4._o francis_n the_o i._o have_v yield_v all_o his_o right_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n cambray_n and_o crespy_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v afterward_o one_o may_v say_v that_o beside_o the_o nullity_n of_o that_o session_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n francis_n may_v have_v quit_v the_o right_a that_o come_v to_o he_o by_o his_o great_a grandmother_n valentina_n but_o that_o he_o have_v not_o quit_v that_o which_o come_v to_o his_o child_n by_o claude_n his_o wife_n who_o be_v daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o have_v for_o she_o and_o her_o issue_n the_o right_n of_o investiture_n both_o of_o 1505._o and_o 1509._o which_v her_o husband_n can_v not_o take_v from_o she_o and_o francis_n make_v use_v of_o this_o reason_n among_o the_o nullity_n which_o he_o object_v against_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n in_o what_o time_n these_o cession_n be_v make_v and_o of_o what_o strength_n they_o be_v the_o next_o chapter_n will_v show_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n have_v also_o some_o dependence_n from_o the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o city_n with_o the_o country_n depend_v from_o it_o have_v shake_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o emperor_n as_o the_o other_o commonwealth_n of_o italy_n while_o the_o italian_a and_o german_a prince_n be_v contend_v for_o the_o empire_n form_v itself_o into_o a_o most_o flourish_v state_n in_o the_o war_n of_o the_o east_n and_o conquest_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n genoa_n be_v very_o considerable_a no_o less_o than_o the_o venetian_n and_o pisans_n possess_v many_o country_n in_o the_o levant_n the_o i_o will_v of_o chio_n the_o town_n of_o capha_n upon_o mar_n major_n in_o taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o other_o but_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v weaken_v by_o the_o jealousy_n of_o two_o potent_a family_n the_o fregosi_n and_o the_o adorni_n the_o state_n submit_v itself_o unto_o charles_n the_o vi_o of_o france_n an_z 1390._o who_o take_v they_o under_o his_o protection_n send_v to_o they_o the_o marshal_n of_o boulicaut_n who_o receive_v their_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n but_o great_a confusion_n be_v rise_v in_o france_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o charles_n the_o vi_o for_o 29._o year_n by_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o by_o the_o extremity_n that_o charles_n the_o vii_o be_v bring_v to_o that_o right_a over_o genoa_n be_v neglect_v but_o in_o the_o year_n 1458._o the_o same_o genoese_a be_v oppress_v with_o their_o own_o division_n send_v peter_n fregosa_n into_o france_n to_o charles_n the_o vii_o who_o receive_v they_o under_o his_o protection_n and_o send_v they_o john_n duke_n of_o lorraine_n elder_a son_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o after_o charles_n the_o vii_o have_v again_o give_v themselves_o to_o lewis_n the_o vi_o some_o historian_n say_v that_o he_o neglect_v that_o conquest_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o john_n galeas_n duke_n of_o milan_n other_o say_v that_o lewis_n the_o xi_o invest_v that_o galeas_n in_o the_o lordship_n of_o genoa_n upon_o condition_n of_o do_v homage_n for_o it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o charles_n the_o viii_o pass_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n invest_v against_o ludovick_n sforza_n in_o the_o same_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o vercel_n a_o 1494_o he_o pay_v thirty_o thousand_o ducat_n of_o entry_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o auxiliary_a force_n which_o ludovick_n promise_v unto_o charles_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n after_o charles_n the_o city_n of_o genoa_n remain_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o dukes_z of_o milan_n and_o lewis_n the_o xii_o make_v a_o triumphant_a entry_n into_o it_o and_o receive_v of_o they_o all_o the_o honour_n and_o deference_n of_o subject_n to_o a_o sovereign_n a_o 1502._o and_o give_v they_o a_o governor_n john_n of_o cleves_n his_o kinsman_n but_o a_o 1527._o while_n charles_n the_o v._o and_z francis_z the_o i_o be_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o their_o quarrel_n the_o city_n of_o naples_n be_v besiege_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr lautree_fw-fr andrew_n doria_n of_o genoa_n subject_n to_o the_o french_a king_n and_o general_n of_o his_o fleet_n be_v ill_o satisfy_v of_o francis_n the_o i_o revolt_v from_o he_o turn_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o naples_n the_o emperor_n to_o win_v he_o to_o his_o service_n offer_v he_o la_o cart_n blanch_v that_o be_v what_o condition_n soever_o he_o will_v have_v the_o first_o demand_n of_o andrew_n be_v the_o liberty_n of_o his_o city_n which_o he_o obtain_v and_o it_o be_v free_v from_o all_o subjection_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n but_o if_o the_o french_a have_v any_o right_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n they_o have_v the_o like_a in_o genoa_n for_o charles_n the_o v._o can_v not_o cut_v off_o that_o limb_n from_o it_o since_o it_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o paragraphe_n ix_o of_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n these_o two_o county_n be_v ancient_o before_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o roman_n part_n of_o gallia_n belgica_n and_o so_o under_o that_o empire_n and_o under_o the_o first_o and_o second_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n till_o that_o famous_a partage_n of_o the_o child_n of_o lewis_n
of_o austria_n a_o small_a province_n of_o germany_n advance_v himself_o so_o far_o as_o to_o offer_v to_o step_v before_o they_o and_o as_o many_o think_v to_o affect_v the_o empire_n of_o all_o europe_n to_o understand_v all_o these_o war_n truce_n and_o treaty_n the_o history_n must_v begin_v at_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n a_o 1435._o for_o although_o these_o six_o house_n austria_n burgundy_n hungary_n arragon_n castilia_n and_o portugal_n the_o limb_n of_o that_o great_a colossus_n of_o the_o now_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v then_o several_a house_n yet_o that_o treaty_n will_v serve_v to_o see_v how_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o how_o their_o greatness_n begin_v here_o then_o let_v we_o say_v in_o brief_a what_o war_n and_o treaty_n have_v be_v between_o these_o two_o house_n since_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n a_o 1435._o to_o that_o of_o veruins_n 1598._o we_o will_v divide_v this_o into_o many_o article_n according_a to_o the_o most_o remarkable_a date_n touch_v only_o the_o most_o principal_a point_n leave_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o general_a history_n 1._o from_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n ann._n 1435._o to_o the_o marriage_n of_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n with_o marry_o of_o burgundy_n 1477._o 2._o thence_o to_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n 1519._o 3._o thence_o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n 1525._o 4._o thence_o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o cambray_n 1529._o 5._o thence_o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o crespy_n or_o saint_n john_n des_fw-fr vignes_n a_o 1544._o 6._o thence_o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n 7._o thence_o to_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o league_n 1584._o 8._o thence_o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n a_o 1598._o paragraphe_n i._o from_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n a_o 1435._o to_o the_o marriage_n of_o maximilian_n and_o mary_n of_o burgundy_n in_o all_o that_o time_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o the_o time_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o austria_n the_o french_a king_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o that_o family_n which_o in_o that_o period_n of_o year_n enjoy_v the_o empire_n in_o the_o person_n of_o albert_n and_o friderick_n the_o iii_o they_o have_v also_o little_a to_o do_v with_o the_o king_n of_o castilia_n and_o arragon_n which_o be_v then_o two_o several_a state_n but_o much_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n founder_n of_o that_o greatness_n of_o austria_n of_o which_o this_o be_v the_o summary_n 1._o philip_n le_fw-fr bon_fw-fr after_o he_o have_v bring_v the_o state_n of_o france_n into_o great_a distress_n and_o give_v it_o for_o a_o prey_n to_o the_o english_a to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n slay_v at_o montereau_n fautyonne_n a_o 1419_o final_o be_v ill_o satisfy_v with_o the_o english_a be_v force_v to_o agree_v with_o charles_n the_o vii_o who_o have_v kill_v his_o father_n which_o he_o do_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n a_o 1435._o whereby_o charles_n give_v to_o philip_n what_o we_o say_v before_o peronne_n montdidier_n and_o roye_n the_o county_n of_o artois_n the_o enjoy_n of_o the_o county_n of_o bullen_n for_o his_o life_n also_o all_o the_o town_n of_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n redeemable_a with_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n and_o promise_v to_o join_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n the_o county_n of_o mascon_n chalons_n langre_n bar_n sur_fw-fr see_z and_o auxerre_n for_o ever_o reserve_v the_o resort_n of_o these_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n this_o treaty_n raise_v very_o much_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n after_o which_o philip_n be_v a_o loyal_a friend_n and_o servant_n unto_o charles_n and_o help_v he_o to_o expel_v the_o english_a out_o of_o france_n neither_o do_v he_o meddle_v with_o the_o first_o fall_v out_o of_o charles_n with_o his_o son_n lewis_n the_o dolphin_n who_o be_v since_o lewis_n the_o xi_o which_o division_n be_v call_v la_fw-fr ligue_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr praguerie_n and_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n nothing_o considerable_a happen_v between_o these_o two_o house_n but_o that_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o charles_n bewis_n the_o dolphin_n have_v withdraw_v himself_o discontent_v from_o the_o court_n and_o live_v a_o while_n in_o daulphiné_n when_o the_o king_n his_o father_n will_v have_v apprehend_v he_o by_o the_o count_n of_o dampmartin_n he_o flee_v into_o flanders_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a honour_n by_o duke_n philip_n who_o assign_v he_o the_o town_n of_o guenep_n in_o brabant_n to_o keep_v his_o court_n where_o he_o live_v six_o or_o seven_o year_n till_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n an_z 1461._o 2._o now_o come_v the_o reign_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o who_o have_v so_o much_o to_o do_v with_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n but_o nothing_o with_o that_o of_o austria_n and_o little_a with_o that_o of_o arragon_n and_o castilia_n historian_n observe_v that_o philip_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o his_o son_n charles_n count_n of_o charrolois_n accompany_v lewis_n into_o france_n and_o be_v present_a at_o his_o coronation_n and_o that_o lewis_n at_o the_o first_o be_v very_o great_a with_o the_o count_n of_o charrolois_n but_o that_o soon_o after_o that_o friendship_n be_v separate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a antipathy_n of_o their_o humour_n and_o because_o while_o lewis_n be_v retire_v into_o flanders_n they_o have_v be_v too_o much_o acquaint_v with_o one_o another_o condition_n which_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o mutual_a contempt_n also_o because_o charles_n have_v a_o suspicion_n that_o lewis_n have_v plot_v against_o his_o life_n and_o because_o lewis_n will_v have_v bring_v the_o gabell_n or_o impost_n of_o salt_n into_o burgundy_n which_o the_o duke_n do_v oppose_v then_o the_o sudden_a redeem_n of_o the_o town_n of_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n for_o which_o lewis_n pay_v the_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n incense_v the_o count_n of_o charolois_n very_o much_o these_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a hatred_n between_o these_o two_o house_n which_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n inherit_v together_o with_o the_o estate_n hardly_o indeed_o can_v these_o two_o prince_n agree_v for_o lewis_n the_o xi_o be_v malicious_a disoblige_v and_o dissemble_v and_o charles_n count_n of_o charolois_n be_v peevish_a and_o arrogant_a and_o follow_v no_o law_n but_o his_o own_o will_n that_o hatred_n bring_v forth_o the_o war_n of_o the_o public_a good_a as_o they_o call_v it_o in_o which_o charles_n have_v the_o better_a that_o war_n end_v in_o the_o treaty_n of_o conflans_fw-la whereby_o it_o be_v covenant_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v restore_v to_o charles_n all_o the_o town_n of_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n redeem_v not_o long_o before_o to_o enjoy_v they_o all_o his_o life_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v have_v the_o county_n of_o guines_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o 3._o john_n king_n of_o arragon_n be_v assist_v by_o lewis_n the_o xi_o and_o the_o say_v john_n sell_v or_o pawn_v unto_o he_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n for_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n this_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a to_o that_o county_n 4._o henry_n the_o iv_o king_n of_o castilia_n and_o john_n king_n of_o arragon_n be_v in_o war_n because_o henry_n maintain_v the_o people_n of_o arragon_n against_o their_o king_n and_o about_o some_o town_n lewis_n the_o xi_o be_v choose_v umpire_n and_o go_v to_o bayonne_n where_o he_o see_v the_o castilian_a on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o river_n of_o vodazo_n and_o upon_o the_o land_n of_o france_n that_o interview_n make_v they_o despise_v one_o another_o for_o henry_n be_v a_o ill_a favour_v and_o ill_o behave_v man_n of_o little_a wit_n and_o be_v altogether_o govern_v by_o the_o count_n of_o lodesme_fw-fr lewis_n use_v a_o short_a and_o course_n habit_n and_o wear_v a_o little_a leaden_a our_o lady_n at_o his_o hat_n the_o vanity_n of_o the_o count_n of_o lodesme_fw-fr seem_v ridiculous_a to_o the_o french_a he_o cross_v the_o river_n in_o a_o boat_n with_o a_o sail_n of_o golden_a cloth_n and_o wear_v pomp_n garnish_v with_o precious_a stone_n ever_o sinde_v that_o enter_v view_n the_o two_o nation_n have_v despise_v one_o another_o 5._o after_o the_o peace_n of_o conflans_fw-la the_o division_n be_v renew_v between_o lewis_n and_o the_o count_n of_o charolois_n because_o lewis_n cozen_v his_o brother_n charles_n give_v he_o normandy_n and_o present_o take_v it_o from_o he_o banish_v he_o into_o guienne_n far_o from_o the_o other_o prince_n with_o who_o he_o be_v in_o league_n and_o give_v he_o a_o little_a country_n under_o the_o specious_a title_n of_o duke_n of_o guienne_n this_o anger_v the_o count_n of_o charrolois_n and_o increase_v his_o jealousy_n philip_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n
die_v a_o 1467._o charles_n succeed_v he_o 6._o this_o new_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n be_v much_o consider_v in_o france_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a land_n and_o turbulent_a spirit_n all_o his_o time_n he_o be_v in_o war_n with_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v the_o english_a into_o france_n the_o king_n also_o do_v raise_v he_o enemy_n which_o his_o own_o rashness_n do_v multiply_v he_o be_v defeat_v by_o the_o swisser_n at_o granson_n and_o morat_n and_o kill_v before_o nancy_n a_o 1477._o 7._o after_o his_o death_n lewis_n take_v the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n and_o province_n annex_v to_o it_o give_v by_o charles_n the_o vii_o to_o philip_n le_fw-fr bon_fw-fr as_o a_o masculine_a apanage_n with_o the_o town_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n which_o charles_n be_v to_o hold_v all_o his_o life_n not_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o heir_n he_o seize_v also_o upon_o the_o town_n of_o arras_n upon_o which_o he_o pretend_v a_o right_n he_o do_v his_o utmost_a to_o catch_v mary_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o charles_n and_o desire_v the_o people_n of_o gant_n to_o deliver_v she_o into_o his_o hand_n or_o make_v she_o marry_v charles_n the_o dolphin_n but_o they_o protect_v she_o and_o soon_o after_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n marry_v she_o 8._o in_o spain_n after_o the_o interview_n of_o the_o two_o king_n lewis_n of_o france_n and_z henry_n of_o castilia_n and_o the_o sale_n or_o pawn_n of_o the_o country_n of_o roussillon_n king_n john_n of_o arragon_n see_v that_o lewis_n have_v arbitrate_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o castilian_a and_o have_v send_v john_n duke_n of_o calabria_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o arragon_n take_v his_o time_n when_o the_o league_n in_o france_n be_v strong_a against_o the_o king_n to_o make_v perpignan_n revolt_v against_o the_o french_a the_o garrison_n retire_v into_o the_o citadel_n and_o make_v it_o good_a till_o the_o town_n be_v besiege_v by_o lewis_n and_o constrain_v to_o return_v to_o his_o obedience_n paragraphe_n ii_o from_o the_o marriage_n of_o maximilian_n with_o mary_n unto_o his_o death_n this_o period_n of_o forty_o year_n comprehend_v four_o reign_n of_o the_o french_a king_n the_o end_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o charles_n the_o viii_o lewis_n the_o xii_o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o francis_n the_o i_o in_o which_o space_n the_o greatness_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v found_v by_o her_o union_n with_o that_o of_o burgundy_n and_o then_o with_o castilia_n and_o arragon_n under_o lewis_n the_o xi_o since_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n charles_n three_o remarkable_a thing_n happen_v under_o lewis_n the_o xi_o marry_o inheritrix_n of_o burgundy_n who_o her_o father_n have_v promise_v to_o many_o prince_n in_o the_o end_n be_v marry_v to_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n an_z 1478._o lewis_n will_v have_v she_o for_o charles_n the_o dâ—lphin_n but_o he_o be_v but_o six_o year_n old_a and_o she_o above_o fifteen_o year_n elder_a than_o he_o that_o prefer_v of_o maximilian_n before_o charles_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o evil_n to_o france_n 1._o the_o loss_n of_o all_o that_o mary_n possess_v which_o may_v have_v be_v unite_v with_o france_n 2._o the_o increase_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n which_o begin_v then_o to_o be_v jealous_a of_o france_n which_o she_o be_v very_o far_o from_o before_o that_o alliance_n 3._o great_a war_n and_o endless_a envy_n by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o these_o two_o great_a house_n that_o marriage_n last_v but_o four_o year_n mary_n die_v of_o a_o fall_n from_o her_o horse_n as_o she_o be_v hunt_v she_o leave_v two_o child_n philip_n archduke_n of_o austria_n father_z to_z charles_n the_o v._o and_o margaret_n 2._o by_o the_o jealousy_n rise_v between_o france_n and_o austria_n by_o that_o marriage_n and_o incense_v by_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n a_o great_a lord_n of_o french_a county_n they_o break_v into_o open_a war_n and_o the_o battle_n of_o guinegast_n be_v fight_v of_o which_o the_o event_n be_v so_o uncertain_a that_o both_o party_n ascribe_v to_o themselves_o the_o victory_n 3._o marry_o of_o burgundy_n be_v dead_a the_o fleming_n especial_o the_o gantois_n always_o mutinous_a will_v expel_v maximilian_n and_o dispose_v of_o mary_n child_n they_o matryed_z margaret_z to_z charles_n the_o dolphin_n and_o appoint_v for_o her_o portion_n the_o county_n of_o artois_n french_fw-mi county_n and_o other_o land_n margaret_n be_v then_o but_o two_o year_n old_a and_z charles_n twelve_z but_o charles_n be_v marry_v since_o with_o anne_n duchess_n of_o britain_n margaret_n be_v send_v back_o to_o her_o father_n maximilian_n which_o be_v a_o new_a cause_n of_o jealousy_n between_o these_o two_o family_n this_o margaret_n be_v separate_v from_o charles_n be_v marry_v to_o john_n son_n of_o ferdinand_n of_o arragon_n and_o isabel_n of_o castilia_n who_o she_o never_o see_v then_o she_o be_v for_o the_o three_o time_n marry_v with_o philibert_n the_o two_o duke_n of_o savoy_n they_o say_v of_o she_o that_o she_o be_v three_o time_n marry_v and_o die_v a_o virgin_n under_o charles_n the_o viii_o 1._o charles_n the_o viii_o have_v civil_a war_n against_o lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n the_o duke_n of_o britain_n and_o other_o which_o end_v by_o the_o battle_n of_o st._n aubin_n after_o which_o charles_n marry_v anne_n the_o inheritrix_n of_o britain_n whereby_o he_o offer_v two_o affront_n unto_o maximilian_n the_o one_o that_o he_o send_v he_o back_o his_o daughter_n margaret_n with_o who_o he_o have_v be_v marry_v seven_o or_o eight_o year_n the_o other_o that_o he_o marry_v she_o with_o who_o maximilian_n be_v marry_v by_o proxy_n for_o in_o britain_n all_o the_o proclamation_n be_v then_o make_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o duchess_n and_o of_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n upon_o which_o maximilian_n make_v war_n against_o charles_n and_o take_v the_o town_n of_o arras_n st_n omer_n and_o other_o place_n which_o the_o french_a hold_v as_o yet_o in_o artois_n but_o a_o peace_n be_v 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be_v francisco_n gonzaga_n marquis_n of_o mantua_n who_o give_v battle_n to_o the_o king_n at_o fornova_n which_o the_o king_n win_v with_o great_a glory_n be_v return_v into_o france_n he_o prepare_v to_o return_v into_o italy_n but_o die_v in_o that_o preparation_n whilst_o charles_n be_v about_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n who_o soon_o after_o be_v king_n of_o france_n stay_v in_o his_o county_n of_o ast_n and_o renew_v his_o claim_n to_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n possess_v by_o the_o usurper_n ludovick_n sforza_n the_o murderer_n of_o his_o two_o nephew_n as_o long_o as_o ludovick_n keep_v good_a intelligence_n with_o the_o king_n lewis_z duke_z of_o orleans_n dare_v not_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o he_o but_o after_o that_o ludovick_n have_v make_v himself_o one_o of_o the_o league_n against_o the_o king_n lewis_n possess_v himself_o of_o novaerae_fw-la a_o town_n of_o the_o duchy_n which_o present_o be_v besiege_v by_o ludovick_n and_o recover_v except_v the_o castle_n under_o lewis_n the_o xii_o in_o sixteen_o year_n that_o lewis_n reign_v he_o have_v war_n with_o philip_n of_o austria_n ferdinand_z king_n of_o arragon_n ludovick_n duke_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n of_o the_o bastard_n branch_n of_o arragon_n 1._o an._n 1499._o philip_n archduke_n of_o austria_n do_v homage_n at_o arras_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o guy_n de_fw-fr rochfort_n chancellor_n of_o france_n for_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n artois_n and_o charolois_n a_o solemn_a action_n do_v with_o great_a pomp_n and_o many_o formality_n 2._o in_o the_o year_n 1499._o and_o 1500._o lewis_n conquer_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n from_o ludovick_n lose_v it_o by_o the_o return_n of_o ludovick_n out_o of_o germany_n regain_n it_o by_o take_v and_o imprison_a ludovick_n and_o by_o the_o chase_n which_o he_o give_v to_o his_o son_n maximilian_n and_o francis_n 3._o from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o naples_n conquer_v it_o from_o friderick_n the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o bastard_n branch_n of_o arragon_n who_o put_v himself_o into_o the_o king_n hand_n the_o king_n recompense_v he_o with_o the_o duchy_n of_o anjou_n a_o pension_n of_o thirty_o thousand_o crown_n and_o the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o council_n ferdinand_n king_n of_o arragon_n see_v that_o bastard_n branch_n fall_v renew_v his_o pretence_n to_o naples_n lewis_n compound_v with_o he_o and_o they_o share_v the_o kingdom_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n have_v for_o his_o part_n calabria_n &_o puglia_n the_o rest_n remain_v to_o the_o french_a but_o soon_o after_o upon_o some_o difference_n which_o arise_v between_o the_o french_a and_o the_o spaniard_n for_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o country_n of_o abruzzo_n and_o some_o salt-pit_n the_o grand_a capitan_n gonsalvo_n de_fw-fr cordova_n take_v arm_n and_o expel_v the_o french_a an_z 1503._o 4._o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n after_o the_o year_n 1593._o see_v the_o house_n of_o sforza_n degrade_v from_o milan_n but_o two_o son_n remain_v threaten_v lewis_n of_o the_o imperial_a ban._n lewis_n appease_v he_o and_o obtain_v the_o investiture_n of_o the_o year_n 1505._o and_o promise_v his_o daughter_n claud_n to_o charles_n duke_n of_o luxemburg_n who_o since_o be_v emperor_n but_o soon_o after_o lewis_n who_o love_v dear_o francis_n d'_fw-fr angoulesme_fw-fr his_o cousin_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o his_o blood_n make_v he_o marry_v claud_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o his_o kingdom_n notwithstanding_o the_o promise_n make_v to_o maximilian_n this_o anger_v very_o much_o philip_n father_n to_o charles_n who_o will_v have_v take_v a_o revenge_n of_o that_o wrong_n have_v he_o not_o be_v prevent_v with_o death_n a_o 1506._o he_o have_v marry_v jane_n the_o great_a inheritrix_n of_o spain_n by_o who_o he_o have_v many_o child_n 5._o yet_o philip_n before_o he_o die_v reconcile_a himself_o with_o lewis_n yea_o and_o recommend_v to_o he_o the_o tuition_n of_o his_o son_n charles_n which_o lewis_n accept_v and_o give_v he_o antony_n de_fw-fr ceures_fw-fr lord_n of_o crovy_a for_o his_o governor_n a_o wise_a knight_n who_o form_v that_o young_a spirit_n to_o great_a business_n in_o which_o charles_n excel_v afterward_o 6._o an._n 1507._o the_o city_n of_o genoa_n which_o have_v be_v conquer_v with_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o where_o lewis_n have_v make_v a_o glorious_a entry_n revolt_v from_o he_o lewis_n pass_v into_o italy_n and_o bring_v she_o to_o subjection_n it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n that_o ferdinand_n of_o arragon_n return_v from_o his_o new_a conquest_n of_o naples_n see_v lewis_n the_o xii_o at_o savone_n a_o town_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o genoa_n in_o that_o interview_n ferdinand_n who_o be_v then_o king_n of_o two_o little_a kingdom_n only_o both_o depend_v from_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n refuse_v always_o the_o honour_n and_o the_o precedence_n which_o lewis_n will_v give_v he_o as_o it_o be_v usual_a to_o do_v to_o stranger_n when_o one_o be_v at_o home_n even_o to_o inferior_n he_o will_v salute_v lewis_n at_o his_o rise_n and_o attend_v he_o go_v to_o mass_n lewis_n whensoever_o he_o give_v to_o ferdinand_n the_o precedence_n make_v he_o understand_v that_o he_o do_v it_o out_o of_o civi_fw-la lity_n not_o out_o of_o duty_n go_v before_o say_v he_o to_o he_o for_o if_o i_o be_v at_o your_o house_n and_o in_o your_o country_n i_o will_v in_o the_o like_a case_n do_v what_o you_o will_v desire_v of_o i_o but_o because_o you_o be_v in_o my_o country_n you_o shall_v do_v so_o for_o it_o be_v my_o will_n and_o i_o beseech_v you_o so_o to_o do_v that_o may_v be_v do_v then_o without_o prejudice_n when_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n be_v far_o under_o the_o splendour_n of_o that_o of_o france_n and_o be_v not_o so_o arrogant_a as_o now_o how_o such_o another_o encounter_n shall_v be_v order_v in_o these_o day_n in_o point_n of_o civility_n it_o be_v more_o than_o i_o can_v determine_v an._n 1508._o the_o league_n of_o cambray_n be_v make_v of_o pope_n juliet_n the_o ii_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n lewis_n king_n of_o france_n and_z ferdinand_z king_n of_o arragon_n and_o naples_n to_o beat_v down_o the_o arrogancy_n of_o the_o venetian_n who_o during_o the_o confusion_n of_o italy_n have_v encroach_v upon_o all_o their_o estate_n the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o church_n the_o empire_n milan_n and_o naples_n whence_o follow_v the_o battle_n of_o aignadel_n which_o lewis_n win_v of_o the_o venetian_n which_o make_v he_o so_o glorious_a that_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n grow_v jealous_a of_o he_o ferdinand_n leave_v the_o alliance_n of_o lewis_n who_o have_v restore_v unto_o he_o all_o the_o town_n which_o the_o venetian_n hold_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o make_v war_n against_o he_o lewis_n win_v the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n against_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o spaniard_n a_o 1512._o 8._o pope_n juliet_n the_o two_o be_v declare_v enemy_n to_o lewis_n and_o all_o his_o adherent_n among_o who_o be_v john_n d'albret_a king_n of_o navarra_n ferdinand_n invade_v navarra_n a_o 1512._o the_o swisser_n set_v on_o by_o the_o pope_n expel_v the_o french_a from_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o set_v up_o maximilian_n sforza_n son_n to_o ludovic_n the_o english_a and_o maximilian_n be_v confederate_a come_v into_o france_n and_o besiege_v terovenne_n lewis_n come_v to_o help_v and_o give_v the_o battle_n which_o be_v call_v of_o the_o spur_n because_o though_o the_o french_a at_o the_o first_o resist_v manful_o yet_o they_o be_v put_v to_o the_o worst_a and_o force_v to_o make_v more_o use_n of_o their_o spur_n then_o sword_n final_o although_o lewis_n have_v win_v the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n a_o 1512._o he_o see_v himself_o expel_v out_o of_o all_o italy_n and_o the_o house_n of_o the_o sforza_n restore_v at_o milan_n before_o he_o die_v which_o be_v a_o 1515._o under_o francis_n the_o i._o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o find_v the_o house_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o charles_n then_o of_o the_o age_n of_o fifteen_o year_n who_o possess_v all_o the_o low_a country_n by_o his_o father_n philip_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castilia_n from_o his_o mother_n jane_n of_o arragon_n maximilian_n be_v yet_o live_v enjoy_v the_o arch-dutchy_a of_o austria_n his_o other_o grandfather_n ferdinand_n be_v king_n of_o arragon_n and_o naples_n both_o very_a old_a and_o break_a charles_n be_v their_o heir_n apparent_a 1._o francis_n the_o i._o come_v to_o the_o crown_n receive_v the_o homage_n of_o the_o count_n of_o nassau_n in_o the_o name_n of_o charles_n count_n of_o flanders_n and_o artor_n to_o who_o he_o promise_v renee_n second_o daughter_n to_o lewis_n the_o xii_o but_o that_o marriage_n be_v not_o fulfil_v he_o confirm_v also_o that_o peace_n with_o ferdinand_n which_o lewis_n
the_o xii_o have_v make_v a_o little_a before_o he_o die_v 2._o his_o next_o work_n be_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n he_o pass_v into_o italy_n and_o win_v the_o battle_n of_o marignan_n in_o piedmont_n against_o the_o swisser_n who_o have_v undertake_v to_o maintain_v maximilian_n sforza_n in_o his_o new_a possession_n of_o milan_n which_o they_o have_v get_v for_o he_o he_o get_v milan_n maximilian_n sforza_n yield_v himself_o to_o he_o for_o a_o pension_n of_o threescore_o thousand_o crown_n and_o retire_v himself_o into_o france_n this_o be_v the_o three_o time_n that_o the_o french_a have_v get_v milan_n of_o the_o sforza_n 3._o francis_n and_o charles_n be_v both_o young_a and_o ambitious_a it_o can_v not_o be_v expect_v that_o they_o shall_v long_o live_v in_o peace_n because_o charles_n be_v bear_v a_o subject_n to_o france_n keep_v navarra_n which_o the_o house_n of_o albret_n have_v lose_v for_o adhere_v to_o france_n then_o ferdinand_n have_v expel_v the_o french_a out_o of_o naples_n wrongful_o say_v they_o this_o ferdinand_n die_v a_o 1516._o and_o charles_n inherit_v all_o these_o great_a state_n exalt_v to_o the_o height_n of_o greatness_n want_v nothing_o but_o the_o empire_n and_o austria_n which_o his_o grandfather_n maximilian_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o death_n three_o year_n after_o in_o the_o birth_n of_o these_o two_o eminent_a power_n which_o have_v cost_v so_o much_o blood_n and_o tear_n to_o the_o christian_a world_n before_o they_o have_v conceive_v that_o great_a hatred_n which_o be_v between_o they_o after_o the_o deputy_n of_o both_o side_n meet_v at_o noyon_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o treaty_n of_o noyon_n a_o 1516_o where_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o francis_n shall_v yield_v all_o his_o right_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n for_o a_o yearly_a pension_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n 2._o that_o charles_n then_o call_v the_o archiduke_n shall_v marry_v lovise_v the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o francis_n instead_o of_o renee_n sister_n to_o the_o queen_n claude_n 3._o that_o the_o archduke_n shall_v restore_v the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n to_o henry_n son_n to_z john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n or_o in_o defect_n of_o it_o that_o he_o shall_v otherwise_o content_v he_o within_o six_o month_n the_o king_n and_o the_o archduke_n swear_v that_o treaty_n and_o give_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n the_o king_n that_o of_o st._n michael_n the_o archduke_n that_o of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n make_v a_o alliance_n for_o ever_o and_o to_o confirm_v it_o promise_v to_o have_v a_o interview_n at_o cambray_n but_o ferdinand_n be_v dead_a soon_o after_o charles_n made_z have_v to_o pass_v into_o spain_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o neglect_v the_o article_n of_o noyon_n especial_o the_o restitution_n of_o navarra_n 4._o yet_o for_o three_o year_n after_o nothing_o be_v stir_v on_o either_o side_n because_o martin_n luther_n have_v alarm_v all_o europe_n with_o his_o doctrine_n the_o pope_n leo_n the_o x_o procure_v a_o general_a truce_n for_o five_o year_n among_o all_o prince_n but_o maximilian_n the_o emperonr_n be_v dead_a a_o 1519._o and_o charles_n be_v increase_v with_o the_o inheritance_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n francis_n the_o i._o conceive_v a_o great_a indignation_n that_o a_o vassal_n of_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v prefer_v before_o he_o to_o the_o empire_n which_o he_o have_v be_v a_o suitor_n for_o with_o great_a earnestness_n which_o jealousy_n will_v never_o suffer_v these_o two_o prince_n to_o agree_v 5._o each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o great_a minister_n of_o state_n by_o their_o person_n francis_n have_v artus_n gouffier_n sieur_n de_fw-fr boissi_n great_a master_n of_o france_n charles_n have_v be_v breed_v by_o guillaume_n the_o crovy_a sieur_n de_fw-fr ceures_fw-fr who_o lewis_n the_o xii_o have_v recommend_v to_o he_o these_o two_o foresee_v the_o misfortune_n which_o the_o ambition_n of_o these_o two_o prince_n be_v draw_v upon_o christendom_n resolve_v to_o meet_v to_o make_v a_o peace_n and_o alliance_n for_o ever_o montpelier_n be_v the_o place_n choose_v for_o that_o meeting_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o boissi_n be_v come_v and_o begin_v to_o treat_v with_o ceure_n he_o fall_v into_o a_o fever_n and_o die_v leave_v that_o great_a work_n imperfect_a which_o no_o body_n since_o be_v able_a to_o finish_v paragraphe_n iii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o maximilian_n a_o 1519._o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n a_o 1525._o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n charles_n be_v make_v possessor_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v possess_v before_o of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o burgundy_n arragon_n and_o castilia_n a_o greatness_n which_o swell_v his_o mind_n and_o make_v he_o loose_v his_o respect_n to_o francis_n he_o complain_v that_o francis_n have_v take_v claude_n from_o he_o the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o which_o be_v promise_v to_o he_o francis_n redemanded_a navarra_n naples_n and_o the_o homage_v for_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n which_o charles_n take_v to_o be_v too_o low_a for_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o emperor_n charles_n also_o complain_v that_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n the_o patrimony_n of_o his_o grandmother_n mary_n be_v keep_v from_o he_o and_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n belong_v to_o the_o sforza_n and_o to_o the_o empire_n the_o great_a fire_n of_o war_n which_o last_v forty_o year_n between_o these_o two_o house_n break_v our_o upon_o a_o very_a slender_a occasion_n robert_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n duke_n of_o bovillon_n adjudgd_v by_o the_o peer_n of_o his_o duchy_n which_o pretend_v themselves_o to_o be_v sovereign_n the_o town_n of_o hierges_n in_o ardennes_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o chimay_n of_o the_o house_n of_o crovi_n against_o the_o lord_n d'_fw-fr esmery_n to_o who_o the_o emperor_n give_v a_o writ_n of_o relief_n although_o robert_n pretend_v the_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n to_o be_v sovereign_a robert_n incense_v against_o the_o emperor_n make_v his_o address_n to_o francis_n the_o i_o and_o offer_v he_o his_o service_n the_o king_n receive_v he_o courteous_o yet_o forbid_v his_o subject_n to_o assist_v he_o not_o willing_a to_o break_v with_o the_o emperor_n but_o robert_n proud_a to_o have_v the_o protection_n of_o france_n denounce_v war_n to_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v then_o at_o worm_n to_o pacify_v the_o trouble_n rise_v in_o germany_n about_o luther_n and_o attempt_n to_o surprise_v some_o place_n in_o luxemburg_n but_o the_o emperor_n present_o seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o little_a prince_n and_o constrain_v he_o to_o ask_v he_o pardon_v reproach_v francis_n in_o a_o odious_a manner_n for_o receive_v his_o rebellious_a subject_n about_o the_o same_o time_n francis_n upon_o the_o inexecution_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o noyon_n charles_n refuse_v to_o make_v restitution_n of_o navarra_n to_o henry_n d'_fw-fr albret_n take_v the_o quarrel_n of_o that_o dispossess_v prince_n and_o send_v andrew_n de_fw-fr foix_n lord_n de_fw-fr esparre_n brother_n to_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr lautre_fw-fr into_o navarra_n where_o the_o french_a do_v some_o exploit_n at_o the_o first_o but_o be_v soon_o repel_v by_o the_o spaniard_n charles_n take_v that_o enterprise_n for_o a_o infraction_n of_o the_o peace_n between_o the_o two_o house_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o succour_n give_v to_o a_o confederate_n of_o france_n to_o prosecute_v his_o right_n he_o make_v great_a preparative_n of_o war_n make_v leo_n the_o x_o break_v which_o the_o france_n &_o join_v with_o he_o promise_v that_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o milan_n he_o will_v give_v to_o the_o church_n the_o town_n of_o parma_n and_o placentia_n member_n of_o that_o duchy_n to_o which_o the_o pope_n have_v some_o old_a pretence_n such_o be_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o first_o war_n between_o francis_n and_o charles_n a_o 1521._o the_o first_o three_o or_o four_o year_n there_o be_v great_a exploit_n in_o champagne_n in_o navarra_n in_o provence_n and_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n in_o tierasche_n the_o emperor_n take_v mouzon_n and_o besiege_a mezieres_n which_o anne_n the_o mommorency_n who_o since_o be_v constable_n of_o france_n and_o chevalier_n bayard_n defend_v brave_o and_o francis_n take_v bapaume_n and_o landrecy_n from_o the_o emperor_n and_o give_v he_o the_o chase_n in_o navarra_n the_o french_a have_v advance_v but_o little_a in_o the_o year_n 1519._o and_o 1520._o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1521._o the_o admiral_n of_o bonnivet_n besiege_v fontarabie_n and_o take_v it_o and_o make_v mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr lude_n governor_n of_o the_o same_o who_o be_v besiege_v a_o whole_a year_n by_o the_o spaniard_n defend_v it_o with_o great_a valour_n till_o la_fw-fr palisse_n since_o marshal_v of_o france_n make_v they_o forsake_v the_o siege_n but_o frauget_n a_o old_a captain_n be_v