Sieges Expeditions Truces Peaces Alliances Negotiations Discoveries Colonies Adventures Plantations Companies and Improvements of Arts and Manufactures In a word nothing Memorable has escap'd the Medal nor what of other Countries that have had any relation to them Sometimes to the Honor of their Nation useful and full of profitable Diversion Verily a Curiosity together with the Historical Discourses upon them worthy both the Collection and Cabinet of the Curious To proceed therefore with their Reverses We have there represented besides Heads and Effigies all that has fall'n out of Great and worthy the notice of History frequent Events referring to most Actions not of Europe only but of both the Indies and the whole World in any sort relating to I think the most Industrious People in it For instance They have Medals of the very first occasion of their Revolt and Emancipation from the Tyranny and Oppression of Philip II. under which they groan'd upon his endeavouring to introduce the Inquisition and in order thereunto erecting new Bishopricks and Tribunals infringing their antient Immunities and Constitutions And how from that contemptuous Name of Geux and Vagabonds to High and Mighty they in less than a Century asserted their Rights and Liberties against all the Power and Policy of then the most potent and formidable Monarch of Christendom We have in the Reverse of their Medals their Original Confederation and Union with Utrecht their early application and submission to Queen Elizabeth for her Protection the Cautionary Towns and Fortresses made over to and Garrisoned by her with their Râ—â—ddition their deplorable and cruel Sufferings after their first Governor Philip Emanuel Duke of Savoy and Governes's Margarete Dutchess of Parma Cardinal Granvil under that fierce and truculent Alvarez de Toledo Duke of Alva his Son Frederic Don Lovis de Requesens Don Iohn of Austria the Arch-Duke Matthias the Princes of Parma Count Mansfield Arch-Duke Albert Clara Eugenia the Cardinal Infanta the late Fran. de Mela Leopoldus Monterey and the rest They represent the Executions and Catastrophes of Count Egmont and Horn the several Massacres which follow'd the Heroical Acts of Prince William of Nassau his Assassination the Effigies and Exploites of those who pursued that great Persons Victories what was or rather indeed what was not done during the Government of the Duke of Alenson and our Earl of Leicester the wonderful Successes and Triumphs of Grave Maurice Henry Frederic William the Second and Third the Renowned Princes of Orange even to the late stupendious Revolution We have in the Reverses of their Medals the Surprizes of Brill which was their first Exploit and Harlem the memorable Siege of Leyden the Stratagem at Breda Sluce Bergen-op-zoom Bois le Duc Venlo Ruremond Sas de Gand Hulst the later Siege of Maestricht c. the famous Leagures and Battles of Ostend Newport Seneff with the Heads and Pourtraits of Sir Francis and Horatio Veres and other English Hero 's their brave Exploits and Successes against Don Iuan Parma Spinola and others the most renowned Captains and Commanders of that Age. There is a Medal of Prince William the Second's March to Amsterdam and of whatsoever else has fall'n out of Remarkable for more than an hundred years past But these for being acted in their own Country I mention together not forgetting such Exploits as their Medals have Consecrated to their Renown abroad upon the Sea and in other Lands as a Reverse of the famous Battel of Lepanto the bold Action at Damiata in Egypt the Naval Fight in Eighty Eight upon our dispersion of that Invincible Armada with that other signal Combat in An. 1639. their surprizing of the Spanish Plate Fleet several Contests with ours during the late Rebellion with their Admirals Trumps de Ruyters Opdams c. Engagements with the Duke of York Prince Rupert Duke of Albemarle and Earl of Sandwich worthy a kinder fate and to our reproach their Insult at Chatham and Action at Bergen Relief of Denmark and Copenhagen when streightned by the Swedes there is a large Medalion of de Ruyters Exploits in Sicily Succours formerly yielded to other Princes their Allies as during their Peace with Albert and Isabel in the affair of Cleve and Iuliers they stampt Medals of the late Incursions and Excursions of the French An. 1673. since the Peace of Nimegue and several other Treaties and Conventions since that general one at Munster and what pass'd with that Martial Bishop Groningen Narden Breda the Triple League and several others with Foreign Princes and Potentates There is a Medal asserting their Liberty of Commerce of their Expeditions to the Eastern Indies by the Cape of Good Hope in sum of their Circum-Navigations of the whole Terrestrial-Terraqueous World penetrating to the Antipodes and even to the sight of both the Poles Others of their Wars with the Indian Monarchs the Establishment of both East and West India Companies their Colonies Cities Forts Factories in the Moluccas Iavan Ceylon and other Spice Islands their Fisheries and Adventures at Nova Zembla and attempts on the North west Passages of their Expeditions and Success of Prince Maurice in Brasile In short there 's not a Discovery Colony Munition Plantation Negotiation Factory or Scale of Commerce City Citadel State-house Bourse Church Hospital sumptuous Edifice Harbor Canal or the like Public Charge but they shew in Medal Witness those struck of the Erection of Leiden and other Cities into Schools and Universities the Effigies of their famous Professors and Countrymen renown'd for their Learning Souldiers Statesmen Medals of the Authors of several Inventions Arrogating the Arts of Printing Painting in Oyl Mills and Machines their veliferous Chariot and other great and useful Things They struck Medals of several Triumphs and magnificent Pomps on sundry occasions setting forth the Reception and Marriage of the unfortunate Frederic Prince Elector and Lady Elizabeths Landing at Flushing another when the King and Queen of Bohemia took their sad flight after the decretory Battel of Prague they caused Medals to be made of the Refuge which they gave to Mary de Medices Mother of so many Crown'd Heads when she had none to shelter her own Of the Nuptials of Prince William the Second with the Daughter of England another of the generous Entertainment which they gave our late King Charles the Second at Breda and of his Transportation into England at his Restoration To these succeed their Medals of the late Duke of Monmouths Invasion the Birth of the Prince of Wales of our Bishops confinement in the Tower of London as formerly I had found one in memory of the Gun-Powder Conspiracy a delivery for ought I know wholly neglected by us who were most concern'd with any lasting Record of this nature or bare Inscription The late stupendious Expedition and Descent at Torbay is celebrated in a large Medalion as is likewise the Recess of King Iames II. and the Coronation following They stamp'd a Medal upon the memorable Siege of London-Derry in Ireland with sundry
Of like Argument are those admirable Paintings of Holbein in his Majesty's Privy-Chamber at White-Hall representing the Persons of the Two famous Henries and their Wives together with those other Pieces by the same hand Historizing that Expedition to Bullogn The Iust and Triumph at the Congress with Francis the First The Juncture with Maximilian the Emperor Militating and receiving Pay under the Banner of St. George The Battles of Spurrs though of an Inferior Pencil those of Cressey Poictiers Floddonfield The famous Cavalcade of Queen Elizabeth when she went to the Camp at Tilbere and that of the late Charles the Second through London at his Restauration than which there was nothing more August and Solemn since the Triumphs of the Caesars c. with sundry more whereof our Annals of former and latter times are full And ah what an Illustrious Table would the Conflict of Agincourt fought by our Henry the Fifth against the whole Power of France in the Reign of the Sixth Charles as already depicted and described in that noble Poem of Michael Drayton produce painted by the hand of a Rubens or Verrto as is the Apotheosis of King Iames the First in the Banqueting-House at White-Hall and Inauguration of the black-Black-Prince in St. Georg's at Windsor the magnificent Cavalcade of the Four Inns of Court Anno 1633. described in S. B. Whitlocks Memoirs His Majesty 's Charles II. Entrance at his Restauration 1660 and the Anabasis at Tor-bay I say how would these Out-shine the Stories of the drunken Lapithae Sancho Panca or the Golden Ass c. Things Ridiculous and Impossible and that serve to no brave Thoughts But to return to such as deserv'd that of Medals for Exploits at Sea I reckon not only those who found out New Worlds Planted Colonies and Enlarg'd the British Empire But even those Brave though Unsuccessful Attempts to discover the Nor-West and other hitherto impermeable Passages I know not whether there were any Medals of the Earl of Essex's Expedition to Cales and the Heroes who accompanied him and what though Sir Walter Raleigh miscarried at Guiana he was a Person of extraordinary Merit for his Learning and Experience and who is he that deplores not his being so unhappily cut off and our since want of such as Raleigh was to gratifie the * Conde Gondamur Crafty and Malicious I have seen nothing of our taking Ormus in the Gulph of Persia nor of those famous Navigators Victorious Conflicts and Discoveries of our Owen Gwinedd and his Son Madoc of Macha of Sebastian Cabot born at Bristol whom we may therefore Challenge ours nor of the brave Iohn Oxenham for I have already mention'd Sir Fr. Drake Hawkins c. But here come in again the Valiant Sir Richard Greenvill Sir Iohn Summers Sir Thomas Button Bennet Cherry Carfeil Edge Sir Henry Middleton Sir Hugh Willoughby the Heroical George Earl of Cumberland our Gilbert Chanceler Thorn North Ellis Iones Ponnet Poole Iacson Iackman c. who were our Nearchus's Theseus's Iasons and Ulysses's that did and * Graiorum Romanorumque Gloriae quires olim suas Navales per acies asseruerunt non dubio tunc Anglorum fortuna virtus respondit Gro. Annal. l. 1. perform'd far greater Things and Actions in Truth and Reality than all those put together were ever fain'd to have done We have not mention'd the late Action at Bergen let it be forgotten not so the Bravery and Success of our daring young Capt. Harman before Cadiz in the sight of innumerable Spectators yet alive Have we any Medals of Blake Lawson Dean Sprag Mings Munden Allen Kempthorn Wetwang Tyddiman Young Curtis Haines Haward and others and of what was Acted on that angry Element I say nothing of our Buccaneers Morgan and the rest because the most daring Exploits and Events famous only for Spoil Robberies Cruelty and Injustice ought to blot the Memory of their very Names were it possible but when the Cause is Just and Laudable Brave and Heroick Facts merit all Encomiums And here may some perhaps perstringe me for Celebrating the several Bloody Conflicts during the late War and difference with our Neighbours of Holland c. I enter not into those Politicks leaving them to such as were supposed to be the Judges of Right and Wrong whilst yet the Actions of those Great Captains and Sea-man in National Wars not tainted that ever I heard with barbarous Cruelties are highly worth our Remembrance And such in the first Rank was his then Royal Highness the Duke of York the Illustrious Prince Rupert George Duke of Albemarle the Noble Earls of Sandwich Marlbrough Portland Muskerey Sir Thomas Smith Ayscogh Holmes and other stout Commanders who signaliz'd themselves Their Names are yet fresh and both their Actions and Effigies due to Medal for what they did and suffer'd Nor do I believe there were braver Men in all that numerous List of the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iliad 2. States-General of those Provinces mentioned and celebrated by Old Homer and now on Record above two thousand Years Nor are we wanting of such as Honor'd their Countries as well by Land as Sea The Black Prince and his Glorious Father Humphrey Duke of Glocester Richard Plantagenet Thomas of Woodstock Iohn of Gaunt Charles Brandon the Noble Talbots terrible to the French Sir Iohn Hawkwood whom the Italians have honor'd with a Statue of Brass the Illustrious Veres Sidneys Cecil Norris Sir Charles Carlisle Erpingham Clifford Earl of Cumberland the Ogles Basset Burrows Cotton Paulets Chester Gilbert Pellham Udal Knolls Broughton Valvasor Baskerfield Harbert Gerrard Tyrell Sutton Bingham Wilford Ashley Audley c. these and more abroad the famous Wallworth our Lindsey Montross Capel Lucas L'isle Birons Langdale Hopton Granvil Stawel Cavendish Smith and such as unspotted Loyalty ingag'd at Home too many to ennumerate without Envy and Regret Others to be deplor'd for being the Occasions which depriv'd these Kingdoms of so many Generous and Magnanimous Spirits whose flagrant Courage Performance and Behaviour in the Field abstracted from the Cause pretend to Records of Medal But Cedent Arma togae For how should one rejoyce to find in more lasting Matter than painted Cloth the true Effigies of such as were Famous for both Such as were our Sidney Raleigh Henry Howard Earl of Surrey the Cardinals Poole Allan the Chancellor Cromwell Burleigh Cecil Buckhurst Leicester Sir Fran. Walsingham Sir Thomas Smith Carie Challoner Isam Wotton Randolph c. with several others who served their Princes and their Country with their Prudence and Counsel to the Envy and Reproach of the following times Our late Discoveries of New Worlds and Conflicts at Sea the Sanglant Battels that have been fought at Land the Fortitude and Sufferings of an Excellent Prince the Restauration of his Successor the Conflagration and Re-edifying of the Greatest City in the World in less than Twenty Years which had been near Two Thousand in Building nor then half so vast c. call aloud
World to which from all its Dominions the knowledge of the greatest and most renowned Actions came and were examin'd must needs be of the greatest Credit and Estimation I have only one more to mention highly deserving for what he has lately published on this Argument and that is the Learned Mr. Walker whose Book tho' printed some Years after this was first written might well have answer'd all that was necessary to the knowledge of this Science had not this been engag'd to the Stationer and in the Printer's Hands before There now remains those of the Modern whereof Luckius is one of the first who set forth his Sylloge of many Illustrious Persons of the last Century Typotius Molinet and Bossier Medals of the Popes Cardinals and Ecclesiasticks Iaques de Bie la France Metalic to him add the Iesuite Menestrier But none who have taken any considerable notice of Countries and States Comparable to what is wanting besides the Abbot Bizot and his Continuator in that of the Republic of Holland by a single instance and of which we have already given a large Account Some others there may be but these I suppose may suffice to furnish the Metalic Library and serve for Direction in the mean time as to the rest such as travel abroad will not neglect visiting the several Cimeliarcha and Repositories of those Noble Persons and others whose Curiosity and Genius has inclin'd them to to the Cultivation and Adornment of so gentile a Study and Diversion taking along with them the Advice and Directions of the Learned and Industrious Patin with Sir George Wheeler and Dr. Spon's Voyage into the Levant who has given the Publick an Account of the Royal Gazas and Pricely Treasures to be any where met with of this kind thro' all Europe For such Eminent Collectors have been Charles the Fifth Rudolphus and indeed all the German Emperors since to this Day Frederick King of Denmark Queen Christina of Sweden the late Charles Prince Elector Prince Leopold of Florence and all of the Medicean Family Ranuccio Farneze gathered by the Cardinal Alexander his Unkle the Cardinal C. Barberini the Counts Soderini de Maximis Mascardi Morosini and Garzoni Lazara at Rome Venice Verona Padoa c. as indeed ever great and learned Person in Italy who have to their Libraries Cabinets richly furnished with Medals and the like Antiquities So in France especially among the great Officers and Ministers of State not for Ostentation but some of them as Knowing as Curious such as Lomenie Count de Brienne Secretary of State Harlaeus Procurator General Chancellor Seguire the late Monsieur Colbert the Abbe Seguin with others innumerable which has caused the French King who is doubtless Master of the greatest and best Collection of Medals in Europe among other his indeed laudable Munificences for the encouragement and promoting of Letters to erect an Academy where the Medalists Autiquaries and Virtuosi meet and confer at his Palace of the Louvre Now albeit among our own Country-men we are but somewhat thin of Writers on this part of Erudition yet had we and still have many Worthy and Illustrious Persons both Knowing and Curious whose Collections have done Honor to themselves and to the Nation Thomas Earl of Arundel and Surrey Earl Marshal of England that Great Mecaenas of all the politer Arts and boundless Amasser of Antiquities had in that richly furnished Cabinet I mentioned as rich a Collection of Medals gathered by Daniel Nisum the like had the Great Duke of Buckingham the Marquis afterwards Duke Hamilton Sir William Paston Grandfather to the present Lord Yarmouth who I suppose is still in possession of them as of other his Choice Collection of Rarities Sir Simon Fanshaw of Ware Park Sir Thomas Hanmer of Hanmer whilst he lived my most worthy Friend the late Ralph Sheldon of Weston Esquire now in the Hands of his Virtuous Kinswoman Mrs. Frances Sheldon late Maid of Honor to the now Queen Dowager Iohn Harvey Esquire late Treasurer to her Majesty the Queen Dowager Sir Iames Long of Draicut Elias Ashmole Esquire both lately deceased and amongst our more liminently Learned Antiquaries Sir Robert Cotton Grandfather to the present Sir Iohn Cotton who persisting in the steps of that Illustrious Person is still augmenting the unvaluable Treasure of Medals and Manuscripts obliging the Learned World by his Generous Communication of what has been so left and is so improv'd by him What singular Use our Learned Cambden whom next I am to mention made of his Collection Notae ad Brit. Numis s to justify and adorn his Britannia is to be seen every where in that Glorious Work as also in that of Mr. Speed Add to these Sir Henry Savil and Spelman Sir Simon d Ewes our Learned Selden Sir Iohn Marsham Mr. Iohn Greaves Mr. Brerewood c. and at present living the Right Honourable Earl of Peterborough Dr. Sharp Archbishop of York the Right Honourable Sir William Trumbal late Ambassador at Constantinople and now Principal Secretary of State Sir Edward Sherburn my most Honoured Learned and Worthy Friend and now Old Fellow-Traveller Thomas Henshaw Esquire Abraham Hill Esquire Mr. Falkner Dr. Iohnson the Learned Mr. Laughton of Trinity-college in Cambridge inferior I am told to few Mr. Guillhard cum multis aliis And that even the Ladys may not be defrauded of the Honor due to the Favourers of this Noble Diversion the Lady Ann Boynton Daughter to Iohn late Earl of Rochester who I am told has not only made a Curious Collection of Medals but is herself very Knowing in them There are doubtless many others whom I have not the Honor of being known to and should have enrich'd this Catalogue with their Names and Merits always reserving a more distinguishing Recognition with infinite and particular Obligation to the present Earl of CLARENDON whose most ample Collection of the most Noble Medals and Glorious Medalions both for Number and Choice together with what of Modern he has contributed to the Type here exhibited is worthy the being reckoned amongst the most Illustrious and his Lordship for many other singular Favours to be ever mentioned by me with the greatest Regard Nor may I on this account forget Mr. Charleton of the Middle-Temple without signal Ingratitude and want of discernment who has besides a Glorious Collection and Universal Series of the Rarest Medals a Cabinet of other Natural and Artificial Curiosities far exceeding for Choice and Perfection any that I have met withal Abroad or believe will easily be found in Europe besides To which let me add not only his extraordinary Knowledge of the Treasure he possesses but the Obligingness and great Civility of a most Generous Person I conclude this Recension where indeed I ought to have begun when I mention'd the Great and most Illustrious Persons of England emulating the most celebrated Cabinets of the Greatest Princes of other Countries namely that Royal Collection of Medals at St. Iames's begun by that Magnanimous and Hopeful
furtivae now in such use among us Sed manum de Tabula For I should never else have done to think of finishing this Piece thro' all its dimensions and varieties as we did expect to find it in what Mr. Turner undertakes Sed quanta de spe I descend therefore to other Nations producing Men of Name or Merit for something Extraordinary and Conspicuous whose Effigies in Medal or otherwise were desirable upon the Account we shall hereafter * Concerning Physiognomy mention in favour of this seeming Digression Alphonsus the Learned King of Leon and Castile and a Duke of Ferrara of that Name Andrea D'Oria who signaliz'd himself at the Battel of Lepanto Alexander Farneze Albert Marquis of Brandenburg Alonzo Perez de Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia General of the Armada Surnamed Invincible against England Anno 1588. c. It would be tedious but to Epitomize their several Exploits and Famous Atchievements which every body conversant in modern History will call to mind upon the recital of their Names only which I therefore run over and as I am Writing Belizarius the fortunate and unfortunate General under Iustinian Godfry of Bulloin the Noble Baldwin and other Heros of the Holy War Carolus Magnus and Quintus Charles Duke of Burbon and Charles Duke of Lorain Charles the Ninth of France Carolus de Cosse Matthew Corvinus Assaldus Longus Aloisius Mustus Antonio Prospero Colunna Cosimo di Medicis Lorenzo and Peter Iohn casmire Don Iuan de Castro and Austria the Cardinals of Lorain Richlieu and Mazarin Lovis de Bourbon Prince of Conde and his Father Henry the Chevalier Bayard Gaspar Colligny the Admiral assassin'd in the Bloody Parisian Massacre Rosny Duke of Sully Charles Son of King Philip the Second of Spain put to Death by his Father suspected of favouring a Reformation Christiern the Second and Fourth Kings of Denmark Ericius and Gustavus Adolphus the Victorious Kings of Sweden Frederic King of Bohemia Bethlem Gabor Prince of Transylvania Isaac Conyno Emperor of Trebezond Sebastian Zsni Doge of Venice Bartol Covillon Fagiofanus Busonius Castruccio Castricani Darellus the Waivod Draculus Ioseph King of Morocco Taffalet Benjamin Bucher Hamar Essain the Turk Isaac King of Tombut Demetrius and the truculent Vasilovits Emperor of Russia Christ. Bernard of Munster the Famous Pyrate Barbarossa I have seen Pictures of Montezuma Emperor of Mexico Athabaliba the Ynca Paraccussi King of La Plata Oran Zeeb Zaga Christi Tomabes the last Soldan of Egypt Simon the Georgian Prince Geo. Castriot Sahach Abba Sophy of Persia Sultan amurad and Mahumed Second and Third Selymus and the Magnificent Solyman Alsierius Cham of Tartary Ferhates Bacha and Chuseines Bacha of Carmania Zeriff of Fez Muleasses King of Tunis the late Vizier Cuproli Io. Cigala c. To which may be added other extraordinary Persons former and later Ambassadors from India Morocco Russia done by our best Painters Hamet Ben Hoddu Ottor Raia Nebee Naie Wi-Praia his Collegue Abi Iaga Sedana and Peter Io. Potemkin of Mosco Pawhatan Emperor of Virginia and Matoaka his Daughter Wife to Esq Rolff with the painted Prince Giolo lately shew'd in Public To return to Christendom Ferdinando Gonsalvo de Cordova and Soto Fiesco of Genoa Ferdinand Gaspar de Gonzaga Guatimala Gasp. de Gusman Conde de Olivares Guidantonio Guidobaldi Duke of Urbin and Fra. Maria Marquis Galeatius Gastion de Faux the great Duke of Guize Francis the First Marishal de Gassion the Duke of Bohan Anna Dutchess of Memorency Henry the Fourth of France Blaise de Monluc Mich. Hospitalis Fran. Lesdiguieres the late Henry de la Tour Marishal of France the Princes of Conde and Conti Armand de Biron Ludov. de Trimouille George Cardinal l'Ambois the Count de Dunois Io. Boucicault Simon de Monfort Scevola de Chastillon Olivarius de Clisson Bertrand de Gueslin the late Count de Rochfacault Io. Huniades Hercules Duke of Ferrara Raymundus de Ponto first Master of the Order of Malta George Elector of Brandenburg Iohn Frederic of Saxony great Patron of Luther c. Io. Burgundus last Master of the Knights Templars Cardinal Hugo Malatesta Don Iuan d' Oquendo Admiral of the Spanish Fleet Anno 1639. Io. de Wert Buquoy Count Tilly Walestine Duke of Fridland Pepin King of France and Father of Charles the Great Phocas who murdered his Master the Emperor Mauritius and was Founder of the Papal Primacy Anno 602. Tol the Brave Swiss the Noble Alonso Peresus Piccinino Fran. Pezaro Clara Eugenia the most Prudent Governess of Flanders c. Peter Fulgosus Assaldus Piso Phil. Longus George Ragotzius Io. Ranzovius Randolphus Adornus Chr. Radziuil Peter Serini Marquis Spinola Diego Sarmiento de Acunna Sebastian King of Portugal Sigismond King of Poland Count Staremberg who so bravely Defended Vienna Thâ— Strozzi Ludovic and Fran. Sforza Canis Scaliger Princes of Verona Iacobus Trivultio Martin Turriano Virgilio Ursini Simon Vignotius Villiers and Valetta Great Masters of Malta and Rhodes Vasques de Gama Farinata Ubertus Zisca Zamoschi Chancellor of Poland Henry à Brederode the Most Illustrious and Heroic Princes of Orange William the First Maurice Henry Frederic William the Second and Third his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 M. DC LXXXIIX c. and amongst the most Worthy to be for ever Celebrated by that State in Medals of Gold that Brave and Courageous Patriot Offe who with his second Hassenaer saved his Fellow Citizens and Country from being tamely given up to the French before Amsterdam 1678. Fathers and Divines as many as can be recovered with any appearance of Resemblance which I fear will be very few tho' the Monks in some old Greek and Latin Manuscripts pretend to present us not a few especially of the later School-men and Theologues of Note Such as Alphonsus a Castro Aquinas Abbas Urspergensis Altingus G. de Saint Amore Angl. Anastasius Anselmus Arius Montanus Armachanus Angl. Baconthorp Anglus Balsamon Baronius Bellarmin Berengarius Bessarion Bertrâ—m Biel. Bonaventura Bradwardin Angl. Casa Ep. Benevent Cajetan Canus Melch. Capgrave Angl. Cassander Geo. Cusanus Card. Delrio Dionysius Exig M. de Dominis Dossat Drexelius Dubravius Ducaeus Fronto Durandus Drusus Escobar Espensaeus Faggius Paul Fonseca Fulgentius Gaza Theod. Genebrand Gerson Goranus Angl. Granata Grosthed Angl. Hampolus Angl. Heresbachius Hincmarus Hugo Cardinal Hosius Cardinal Iacobus de Vorag Iansenius Ep. Iper Iccoltus Cardinal A Kempis Tho. A Lapide Corn. Io Lascaris Lessius Pet. Lombard Fratres P. Comestor Gratian. Lyra Nich. Angl. Maldonat Mapus Angl. Molineus Mont Luc. Necham Angl. Nigellus Angl. Ocham Angl. Paguinus Pagnigarola Pamelus Pascastus P. Paul Sarpi Author of the C. of Trent Pallavicini Card. his Antagonist Perotus Nic. Perron Cardinal Rhabanus Maur. Rhenanus Beat. Ribadineira Rigaltius Sa Emanuel Sadolet Cardinal Salignat Salmeron Savanerola Schelstrate Serarius Soto Dominic Stapulensis Fab. Suarez Tapperus Tolet Cardinal Torretius Tostatus Tossanus Valentius Greg. Valesius Vasquez Vatablus Vives Ludovic Vulcanius Valeria Cyprian Hugo Des. Victore Angl. Ximenes
vide Tribute D. DANE Crown 34. Character 317. Darie 14 20. Debasement and Diminution of Coin 9. Vid. Mint Decorum 201. Defender of the Faith vide Title 89. Deformity no sign of Vice 305 307 308. Deities 14 56 57 249 c. Denarius 6 14. Des Cartes 264. Devise 6. Diadem 26 29. Diamond when first Ingraven by modern Artists 240. Dido 20 194. Dignity vid. Offices Discoveries of the English 162. Dispositions imprinted in Mens Countenances 320. Vide Passions Divi 31. Divination by Physiognomy 298 301 302 303 304 324 334 335 337 c. Divines 258. Dogs of cold Constitution 317. Difference in their Sagacity 295. Shape of their Heads advantagious in Men 295. Dominus by whom first us'd 183. Dove why Symbol of Venus 56. Drachmae 18. Dragoon-Missionaries 25. Drake Sir Francis 158. Dudly Earl of Leicester recall'd from the Low-Countries his Medal 97 98. Duke of Monmouth's Defeat and Decollation Medal 149 150 c. Duke of Norfolk Munificence to the Royal-Society 42. Duke of Savoy's Medal how answered by Henry IV. of France 25. Collection of Medals and other Antiquities 42. Duke of York Vid. King James II. E. EAGLE 33 35 56 63. Vide Symbol Ears 298. East-India Company 87. Edge-Hill Battel III. Education alters Nature and disposes to different Inclinations 306 316. Its Effects 293. Edward Confessor 21. Edward IV. 89. Edward VI. 228. Effigies in Medal 15 36 45. Resembling the Originals ibid. Vide Heads Statues how they create Emulation to brave Actions 66 67. In Taille-douce how they relate to Medal 257. Catalogue for a Collection 257 c. Effigies of the Blessed Virgin Saints c. 288. Not permitted every one to stamp their Effigies in Medals 36. When first to the Roman Emperor and others 37. Effigies of famous Persons desirable and useful 44 45. On common Sign-Posts reproved ibid. Elagabalus 12. Medal how to distinguish from those of Antoninus 202. Electrum 9. Elizabeth Queen how Learned 264. Reforms Money 12. Assists the Low-Countries 92 97 98. Defeats the Spanish Armada 94 95. Is offer'd the Sovereignty of the United Netherlands 96 97. Emblems 6 156. Vide Symbol Emperors and Empresses 131 180. English defective in Medals of Ancestors 44 84. Medals of their late Kings from Edward III. Henry V VII VIII seq 86 87. King James IV. of Scotland 77 78. Henry VIII Vide Kings Sovereigns of France 85. English Inventors of many useful things 163 164 166â— Expeditions and Exploits worthy the Honour of Medal 159 160. And to be painted in Palaces Courts and Rooms of State rather than the Fictions of Poets 159 160. Enumeration of famous English 163 265. English over-reach'd in Treaties 321. Character of English 323. their Happiness and what wanting 324. English formerly and now living celebrated and meriting the Honour of Medals 341 342. Enthusiasts 170. Epochs exact in Greek Medals 51 185 187 189. Erudition in Medals 51 168 c. vide Reverses Essex Earl first General in the late Civil War of England Med. 115. Europeans Character 314. Example 69. Externals how a Physiognomist is to judg by them 294 309. Eyes signification in Physiognomie 298. their wonderful Power and Effects 301 302. Vide Aspect F. FACE 27 294. of Augustus c. describ'd by Suetonius agreeable to his Medal 45 46. Abuse in other Medals not so in the Antient ibid. Wonderful Variety of Mens Faces and Importance of it 335 336. Faces resembling one another v. Twins and Countenances Faith vide Defender Fairfax General of the late Rebellion 116. Families 39 54. Famous Persons besides Emperours and Heroes of both Sexes 257 ad 292. Farthings 223. v. Tokens Fascination 301. V. Eyes Looks Feature V. Beauty Figure 6 26. How many allowable in one Medal 200 201. v. Group Effigies Image Statue Figures intire in Med. 27 59. Flatterers of Princes how pernicious 14 59 77 81 83. In their Statues 46. Fleets v. Ships Navigation Flood vide Noah Florens whence called 4. Follis 8. Fore head 278. France-Metalique 77. France Climate different from Spain 315. French their Character 315 316 321. Adulation Vain-glory Tyranny Cruelty Perfidy Persecution 77 ad 83. French King when first using a Crown 34. and Effigies in Stamp 41. Prisoner in Englandâ— and Ransom 85. Present King's Cabinet of Medals â—51 Abus'd by Flatterers 81 82 83 184 188. In what commendable 226 244 286 316. Friends and Friendship 277. Fronti nulla fides when 307 309. G. GALEATA Roma 14. Garlands 29. Garments vide Robes Garter 143. vide Knighthood Gelotoscopy 337. Geography in Med. 52 168. Geometry 50. Germans Character 311 317. Medals struck upon sleight Occasions 289. Gigantes 14. Gods 31. Dii Majores Minores Tutelares Genii c. 35. Godfry Sir Edm. Medal 171 172 173 c. Gold when first used among the Rom. 7 14. Not always eligible for the Matter in Medals but for the most part 20. especially the Greek 201. Golden Age 24. in England when 110. Government how balanc'd 322. Gratia Dei 197. v. Title Gravers 28 237 238 240. None save the most exquisite formerly employ'd 28 44 47. Emulation among them 239. v. Sculpture Greek and Grecians Medals 16 19 28. Exact in Epoche 185. Character 315. Gr. Tongue worn out by the Lat. 53. Deplorable Condition of that Nation at present whence 232. Greenwich Marine College a most Royal and necessary Foundation worthy of Medal 128. Groats 10. Group what 200. v. Painters Gun-powder by whom invented 279. Treason Med. 76. H. HABITUDES 307. How corrected and regulated 332 338. Habits 26. Vid. Robes Hair v. Beards Hands in Med. 35. Hasta Pura 58. Head of the Church of England in Med. 89. Heads 26 39 47 57. Of Illustrious persons vide Heroes How resembling 28 29 c. To whom Concession of Stamping Heads in Medals and Coins was granted 36 37. Heads of one Emperor carved out of another 216. Heads in Med. how to place in the Cabinet 249. Heads their various Coverings 33. Two or more Heads in the same Medal 27 37. Heads join'd 38. Heads of the French King 34. v. Crown Heads without Ornament 29. Heads horned 30 33. v. Moses Heads in Taille Douce relating to Medals 256. Conjectures from Heads 311 319 325. Vid. Capita No Heads in Med. of Roman Colonies 52. Heart known by God only 310. How discovered by the Countenance 338. Henry VIII his Medals 89. Henry IV. of France in Countenance resembling King Charles II. 306. Henry Prince of Wales's Medal 103. Hercules imberbis 47. Heresiarks 276. Herring Fishing and Inventor of Curing how honored by the Emperor Charles V. 281. Heros Heroines and renouned Persons 43 269 278 286 ad 292. Hieroglyphics vide Symbol History advanc'd by Knowledge in Medals 56 158 182 243. Historians 260 273. Historical Columns 162. Vid. Columns Hollandia Metallica 73 ad 77. containing the History of that Repub. 97 98. Holbein 87 159. Vid. Painters Horns 30 31. By whom born not always reproachful 33. Moses painted with Horns 30. Where yet to
be show'd ibid. House of Peers 158. Human Sacrifices abolished 24. Humors Doctrine of Humorists and Qualities 325 326 327 c. Vide Temperament Hungarians Character 315. I. JAMES vid. King Janus 5 38. Idols Popish 66. Jews Medals and Coins suspected 210 217. Their Frauds 217. V. Shekel Ilanders Characters 312 324. Images of Ancestors 64 67. Vid. Pictures Statues Libraries Imperial Medals 181. How long excelling in Workmanship 39 40. Their Rank in the Cabinet 249. How far they reach 249. Imperator 188 Vid. Emperors Impostors 198 201 209 210 216 c. Impressions of Coin and Money when first 6 14. Vide Mint Inanimats in Med. their Signification 60 61 67 68 c. Incantated Med. vid. Med. Inclinations discovered by the Countenance 303. Of several Nations 310 c. Regional Topical 318. Inscriptions 3 8 10 177 c. Hebrew Samaritan 18. Greek 189. Inscrip relating to no knowledge to be rejected 211. About Money 225. About the Theatre at Oxford 65. Should be concise 179 185. How alter'd 216 Mingled conterfeited corrupted 195 196 219. Should be modest not turgid and fastigious like the French 77 179 180 184. What proper 180 182 184. What they Discover of Antiquity 182. Modern Inscrip 208. Abbreviations 186 190 191 192. How to be read in Medals 189 190. and in different Languages 193 194 195. Vid. Legends Orthography Insects Ingenious more than greater Animals why 309. Images see Pictures Statues 67 68. Imperial Med. 181. Impostors 276. Inanimats 60 61. Inscriptions what they acquaint us with They should be Concise not Insolent or Boasting like the French 180 185. Modern Inscript 208. Intaglia 42. Invasions see Armada Inventors and Inventions how honoured 163. Inventors of Polycrests and things of Vse 164. What Medals due to them 167. Some enviously suffer their Talents to be lost and dye with them rather than to impart them 283. Iron Coin and Money 10 13. Iudgment upon outward Appearance only 310. Requires great Caution ibid. Instances remarkable 308 339 c. Julian Apostata judged by his Countenance and Miene 301 305. K. KING Name odious to the Romans why 183. Kings of England their Medals from Edw. Confessor Edw. III. Henr. V. VII VIII 21 86 87. Title Defender of the Faith Head of the Church 89. Edw. VI. defective of Medal King James IV. of Scotland Medal 88. King James I. of England 101 c. Charles I. and II. Medals 105 ad 126. James II. 148 c. King William III. Medal 156. Vid. Queen King's-Evil Med. 85. Kings and Emperors Painters 284. vid. Painters Kishitah 4. Knighthood and Military Order 15 16. Vid. Garter L. LADIES and Women Learned English and other Nations 264 265 c. Languages 193. Latin Greek Perfection and Decays 195. Laud Archbishop of Canterbury's Medal rejoycing at his Death at Rome why 114. Largess 15 16. Vid. Missilia Laurel 26 29 59. Vid. Crown Lawyers 262 275. and Laws 56. Leaden Money and Medals 12 23. Leather Money 10 11. Legenda 177 178 188. Vide Inscriptions Letters 279. How placed 187. Capital Uncial how altered and corrupted 195 196. Vid. Abbreviations Leiden Siege 11. Vid. Paper Money Libation 48. Libella 5. Library Medals necessary 1 2 19 244. The Royal Library at St. Jame's 246 247. Lilburn John Medal asserting Trials by Juries 171. Lines and Strokes in the Countenance 335. Lituus 63. London 162. Metropolis no Roman Colony 51. Conslagration and by whom fir'd 266. Looks 301. Vid. Aspect Face Countenance Luke St. 44. M. MAIORANA 7. Manuscript 2 247 278. Marmora Arundeliana 65. Marolle Abbot his Collection of Prints in Taille-Douce 289. Mary Queen of England setting up the Popish Mass 91. Med. repressing the Rebellion 92. Mass proved by antient Medal a ridiculous mistake 72. Massacre at Paris c. 25. Detested by honest and learned Papists 169. Mathematics and Mathematicians 166. 279 281 320. Maximilian Emperor received pay under Henry VIII 87. Mechanics 162. Mechanical Inventions 280 281 c. Natural to the Germans why 320. MEDALS 8 10. Name neglected 10 13. Antiquity 43 248. Erudition and great vse 49 69. In History Chronology c. by learned Persons cultivated 3 8 13 15 17. The most Authentic Records 243 248. Monuments surviving all Accidents and Revolutions 2 3 71 83 168 243 248. Acquaint us with the most signal Persons Families Actions and Exploits Wars Victories Triumphs Countries Colonies Cities Temples Deities Religion Laws Government Kings Consuls Emperors and other Magistrates c. 40 48 ad 198. Vid. Reverses Medals relating to several nations 18 19 20 21 23 210. On what occasion scatter'd among the People 15 19. Medals not to be struck on slight Subjects 289. Nor dishonoured with Railery or Boasting 24 25 42. Whether commonly in use as Money 8 85. More precious some of Copper than Gold and in what more Rare 8 13 15 39 202 213 238. Sizes 16 17 19. In what vast Quantity found 19 69 70 189. Of whom to enquire 199. And Places where 11 207. Many of the same Stamp 218. Roman Medals best worth Collecting why 39. How far the most valuable reach ibid. and 208. Medals without Heads 26. With Two or more 27 206. Men and Women in the same Medal ibid. Medals Incantated 42. Medals how best to collect understand and distinguish true and antient from false and to detect Cheats and Impostors 208 209 210 ad 221. Medals only of all Coins free from Clippers why 217. Who have the best furnished Cabinets of Medal 244 245 246 251. How far a Series may reach 212 248. Peter de Medices numerous Collection exceeding the French Kings long since 251. Medals Cast Moulded and Stampt 212 213 214. Sophisticated 238. Of the Vernish whether Artificial 212 217. Difficulty in meeting with genuine Medals 215. Fraud by burying Medals 217. Medals when in perfection for the Matter and Sculpture 200 238. When declining 9 10 20 40. And again Reviving 237 ad 241. Prints of Med. 243. Medalions 8 15 16 22. Contorniati 17. Made honorary Presents of to Princes Ambassadors Knights Commanders Doctors egregiously Learned deserving Persons and Officers c. 15 16 137 142. Medals and Money scatter'd among the People 15 19 55 91 97 101. How to take off the Impressions of Medals 219. Medals in Miniature 47. And Taille-Douce ibid. Qualities most requisite to a Student of Medals 240 251. Authors who have best written of Medal Erudition 241 245. How to dispose of Med. in the Cabinet after the best Method 247 ad 257. Vid. Cabinet Who ought to have the Charge and Custody of Medals and other Antiquities 255. Modern Medals too much neglected 157. What worth collecting 40 169. How far a Series of them may reach 208. Medals of King Charles I. Coronation Nuptials Relief of Rochel Expedition to and Return from Scotland Kienton Fight Martyrdom c. 105 ad 120. Natalitial of the Prince of Wales 121 123. Star appearing at Noon ibid. Natalitial Med. of Jacob. D. of York 144. Med. on the
Reverse It was but a little before this that having prevail'd on the Weakness of Fairfax who had been hitherto the Tool and Journeyman he first made himself General and by the same Arts of Dissimulation and Ambition still culminating Usurps the Regal Authority under the name of Protector and strikes Medals in the following Style His Effigies Caesar-like Crown'd with Laurel XL. OLIVARIVS DEI. GRA. REIPVB ANGLIAE SCO ET HIB PROTECTOR Reverse A Lyon supporting or rather grasping the Arms of the New Commonwealth as then call'd Inscribed PAX QVAERITVR BELLO In another XLI OLIVAR D. G. ANG SCO ET HIB PRO. c. Reverse With the Usurper's Paternal Coat within a Scutcheon of Pretence between St. George's St. Andrew's Crosses and the Harp under the Imperial Crown of England PAX QVAERITVR BELLO 1658. And insolently about the Rimb NEMO HAS NISI PERITVRVS MIHI ADIMAT For so Confident was this Bold Man of Establishing himself and Posterity having now Killed and taken Possession that his Presumptuous Son stampt another Medal XLII Representing his Father in Arms and Titles as above Reverse An Olive Tree and a Shepherd with his Flock feeding under it NON DEFICIET OLIVA Sep. 3. 1658. But this Scourge being at last taken away the rotten Foundation quickly sinking not able to sustain the incumbent weight they fell into Confusion and Intanglements among themselves when God Almighty call'd one from the North to revenge the Injured and Reâ—ettle this disordered and miserably shaken Frame on its genuine and steady Basis again Let therefore the Memory of that Illustrious HERO live in the Annals of our History and the Medal which presents us his Effigies No Inscription about the Head Reverse GEORGIVS MVNK OMNIVM COPIARVM IN. ANGLIA SCOTIA ET HIBERNIA DVX SVPREMVS ET THALASSARCHA Aetat 52. And Worthily he Merited all the Honours that were Conferred upon him who had restored a Nation with an Exiled and an Injur'd Prince CHARLES the Second During whose Reign and Royal Brothers succeeding him Medals and Medalions were struck for Largeness Design and Excellent Workmanship equalling many that we have left us of the Antient Greek and Roman by those rare Artists the Rotis We do not reckon those Natalitian and Auguration Pieces of theirs with several others struck upon Emergencies whilst the Royal Family was Eclipsed and during the Civil War but as they are Estimable for the History I begin with XLIV IN. HONOR CARO PRINC MAG BRI. FR. ET HIB NATI May. 29. ANN. 1630. Reverse The Arms of England Scotland France and Ireland in several Shields with the Star that then appear'd at Noon-day radiating from the Centre of the Medal Inscrib'd HACTENVS ANGLORVM NVLLI As indeed being the very first Prince excepting one that died an Infant that was ever Born Heir to Great Britain There is another without a Star of the same Inscrib'd within a square and a Third better wrought wherein the Shield is Crown'd with a Prince's Coronet Motto as above but XLV The Reverse differing MEM. CAROLI PRIN. MAGN. BRITANN FRANC. HIBERN NATI XXIX MAII BAPTIZ IVN. M. DC.XXX.S Another XLVI Charles I. in Honour of the Installation of our late Sovereign CHARLES II. caused some Emblematic Medals to be stamp'd with the Royal Oak under a Princes Coronet overspreading subnascent Trees and young Suckers SERIS FACTVRA NEPOTIBVS VMBRAM Reverse The Legend on the Table of the Medal within the Garter of the Order CAROL M.B. REGIS FILIVS CAROL PRINC INAVGVRATVR XXII MAII MDCXXXIIX Another The Prince in Bust full-fac'd in the Garter Robes and Cap. CAROLVS PRIN. MA BR NOB. ORD GART MILES 22. Maii 1638. Reverse The Prince of Wales's Arms within the Garter and on the outward Circle MAGNI SPES MAGNA PARENTIS XLVIII There is yet one more in which the King his Father in Bust Arm'd and Crown'd CAROLVS I.D.G. ANGL SCOT FR. ET HIBER REX Reverse The Prince on Horseback behind the Arms of the Prince of Wales c. ILLVST CAROLVS PRINCEPS WALLIAE Under the Horse Two C's link'd together between Palm branches and Laurel Besides these I find not any other Medals though some there may have been struck ' til after his Royal Father's Martyrdom when I meet with one Lozeng'd and two Octogone Obsidional Pieces circumscrib'd XLXIX. OBS. NEWARK 1646. Reverse The Crown of England and under XXX L. CAROL II. D. G. MAG B. F ET H. REX Under a Crown HANC DEVS DEDIT 1648. Reverse Pontfract Castle over which these Letters P. C. and on the side OBS. Epigraph POST MORTEM PATRIS PRO. FILIO LI. Another much like the former with an Hand coming out of the Toures holding a naked Sword on the other side OBS. and under it 1648. Revers'd with a Crown over C.R. Inscribed DVM SPIRO SPERO For it seems Lieutenant Col. Morris and Cornet Blackburn had bravely held it out as long as there were any Hopes of being Reliev'd We proceed next to such as were stamp'd upon and after the stupendious Revolution of 1660. which his Majesty gratefully acknowledges magnifying the Almighty Disposer in the following Medals LII The Arms of England Crown'd PROBASTI ME. DOMINE SICVT ARGENTVM Reverse MAGNA OPERA DOMINI 1660. LIII The Kings Effigies Crown'd with Laurel CAROLVS II. REX Reverse The Arms of the Four Kingdoms in separate Shields The Kings Cypher interlaid and Crown'd with a Star in the Center MAGNALIA DEI. 1660. LIV. And in a Medalion of the largest size exquisitely designed his Majesty's Effigies Caesar-like to the Breast CAROLVS SECVNDVS D. G. MAG BRIT FRAN. ET HIB REX Reverse Iustitia holding the Fasces with the Balance in her left hand and with her right delivering the Olive branch to Britannia sitting under a Cliff by the Sea shore with a Spear in one hand and the Union-Shield in the other Pallas Hercules and Fame standing by An Angel over all with a Palm and beneath FELICITAS BRITANNIAE 29. MAY. 1660. Alluding to that of the Royal Prophet Mercy and Truth are met together Iustice and Peace have kiss'd each other The Effects of which express'd in the following Medalion LV. The Kings Effigies in short Hair à la Romain Antique OPTIMO PRINCIPI CAROLO II. D.G.M. BRIT FRAN. ET HIB REGI Phil. Roti Reverse Incomparably representing a Matron half-Veil'd sitting and holding a naked Sword and Cornucopia in her right hand in her left a Book opened in which is written FIDES Under her feet LIBERTAS Inscription about the Circle FIDEI DEFENSORIS RELIGIONIS REFORMATAE PROTECTORI About the Rimb ARCHITECTVRAE NAVALIS ET MONETAE INSTAVRATORI Nor indeed could less have been said of a Prince the most knowing in Naval Affairs and vigilant to Improve and Maintain the Safety and Glory of these Kingdoms in its highest and chiefest Concern which is certainly its Strength at Sea and appears to be the glorious Design now set on foot of a truly Royal Foundation at Greenwich deserving a Thousand Medals LVI The King in Bust Garter Robes
Basileus of the Greek Emperors who also afterwards omitted it or very rarely bore any extraordinary Title or so much as the Sculps of their own Effigies to give place to that of JESUS CHRISTUS or to some peculiar Saint first begun by Zemiscus already mention'd In Medals of the later Emperors of Constantinople we read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which like that of Seignior or Dominus was certainly an abatement and decadence from that of King as in a manner answering what the Name of Caesar did to that of Augustus For albeit the Greeks gave antiently the Title Basileus to the Caesars yet they would no more indure the Name of Rex than that of Tyrannus which was at first a Glorious Title to shew what malevolent Influence the abuse of Power has upon the best of things Notwithstanding some they yet flatter'd with the most blasphemous Titles of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as so many God Almighties nay 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which tho' 't is said Augustus did not like yet proceeded they to that height of Insolence and Pride as that some of the Greeks would be call'd Kings of Kings Eupatores 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Saviours as in some Medals with Apollo and Aesculapius Epiphanes Theopatores in short 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gods arming themselves with Thunderbolts and other Symbols of Deity as already we have shew'd With the same Adulation to the Romans when under their Dominion we find 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Monster Nero and tho' more frequently Divus only yet seldom read we Deus in the Latin tho' they often made too bold with his Divine Attributes as Magnus Maximus Invictus Iustus Felix Beatissimus c. In summe nothing was more false than the slavish and flattering Eulogies attributed to some of the very worst and most abandon'd Emperors and Empresses auguring long and happy Reigns and many Years to them whom they wish'd dead a thousand times and proclaiming them Chast Pious Iust c. who of all others were the most vicious and impiously wicked and this towards some of the later Emperors especially whilst with more modesty the very Pagans were content with that of Pius first us'd by that most excellent Prince Antoninus and their Empresses with Pia Felix Augusta tho' by some indeed who were not of that Degree nor was yet that well deserved Surname given and bestow'd upon him by the Senate granted to his Successor on the same account but as a peculiar Honor to him alone as was Optimus to Trajan The Name of Pius Felix usurp'd by Commodus and those who follow'd being a mere Title only and as such affected by their Wives without the least Merit or Right to it Other exorbitant Titles were Iulia Genetrix Orbis Mater Senatus and as Pater so would they be also Matres Patriae too In the lower Empire V. N. M. R Venerabilis noster Mater we find on a Medal of an Apotheosis or Consecration Coin'd by those of Naples in Honor of Constantine with the Effigies of his Mother Helena Nor indeed were Mothers honor'd in Medals only but Kindred Friends and Alliances as in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Ariobarzanes Philopator Philadelphus c. The Names of Pater Mater Filius Filia Soror Cognatus c. of no small light to History And here we may observe how the same Person now and then quitted their adopted Names c. for some other Compellation Instance of this we have in Trajan's taking that of Nerva who indeed first advanced him and not long after leaving that off again the like did Hadrian Others ambitiously affected Titles of such as had them both Thus the proper Name of Antoninus was usup'd by no fewer than six Emperors even down to Caracalla and the Monster Elagabalus that of Trajan assum'd by Decius c. which not seldom creates no small Difficulty among our Latin Medalists as finding neither Date or Epoch to direct them which one does commonly among the Greek religiously exact in that particular and it is indeed of great Importance since but for that all History would be imperfect and hardly would Authors have distinguish'd the Antiochus's Ptolomees and other Princes frequently found in them without this Assistance to give Instance in no other Of this and much more which I am yet to say as in particular of the Names of Magistrates both in Greek and Latin Medals Authors afford plentiful Accounts One thing as to Families which I had almost forgotten is to be observ'd that among the latter Greeks Comnenus and the following Emperors took the Title of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from that splendid Apartment or Chamber in the Royal Palace which was pav'd and curiously inlay'd with that precious Marble and in which it seems the Empresses were brought to Bed the Heir when born being also wrap'd in purple Mantles We have already noted that the Title of Princeps Iuventutis belonged to the young Heir Apparent or so design'd from the time of Augustus tho' not found in the more antient Medals Caesar with Augustus was afterwards taken up by the Emperors themselves but neither Caesar given as a Title but a Name only ' til Adrian's Adoption of Aelius Verus The young Philip Augustus was stiled Nobilis Caesar a Title given afterwards to those who had part of the Government committed to them such as were those four Caesars which Dioclesian created much of which may be illustrated by that Noble Medal in which we find Adventus Severi Filiorum after the Conclusion of the Parthian War in which their several Faces may easily be distinguished tho' in so small a Volume as they sit Galloping in a Posture of Commanding and tho' unarm'd Severus in the middle Caracalla on his right side Laureated as principal in the Expedition and acknowledge'd Partner in the Empire Geta on the left hand with the Name of Caesar bare-headed Now as they were Concise and Frugal of the Legend on Reverses in like manner were they no less sparing in the Inscription about Heads and Effigies so as in some and those no very modern ones neither a Monogram oftentimes serv'd the turn as we find in those of Martianus Placidia Valentinian and the Labrum of the Great Constantine with divers of the lower Empire especially from Charles the Great who 't is said could not so much as write his own Name and thence downwards tho' 't is not always to be taken for a single Letter only but many time for the Cipher or Character of the Prince as now our Merchants use to mark their Goods and Embalments as may be seen in some of Trajan but of this * Lib. 11. c. 10. Mabillon de Re Diplomatica abundantly In this manner we meet the Greek Ω in the Coins of the first Christian Emperors and as for that ☧ of Constantine which is sometimes found upon his Cask and Banner it had indeed been born long before as ‖ Symbol Epist xxiv Pignorius well observes in divers Medals
the Marquis Trevisanus who so Nobly contended to die for one another To whom add Ioannes de Temporibus Standard-bearer to Charlemain who is reported to have lived Three Hundred Years Battadeus the Wandring Iew any of the Seven Sleepers the temperate Cornaro George of Fronsberg the Swedes Nic. Klanker Potocaeva of Poland Burgo the Spaniard with the Zelander so tall and strongly limb'd as at the Nuptial of the French King Charles the Fair he brought into the Festival Hall two Tuns of Beer in either Hand a Tun The Noble Silesian so strong as with his Hands could break the thickest Horse-Shooe and held at the same time three Men two under his Arm and one by his Teeth and who hunting a vast Wild Boar taking him by the Snout kill'd him with his Sword and could at a Dinner quaff off a whole German Ohm of Rhenish And now we speak of Germans and Boars I read of a Boor or Country-Fellow of that Nation who upon a Wager devoured an entire Hog Entrails and all raw and alive beginning at the Tail Other Athletic and Gigantic Men were Quaniambe the American Prince but none of these came near Don Pedro a Spanish Gentleman who tho' but of a just Stature did at * See Io. B. Porta Physiog Lib. IV. Cap. 12. Naples perform things so prodigious for Strength as well may Justifie all that we find reported of Samson Milo Titormus and other Heros of old nor these the Stories of suspected Authors but as Eye-Witnesses recorded by Maiolus Cardan Camerarius Thuanus Scaliger Fazel Goropius and others of sufficient Credit To these add Lazarus the Italian whose Brother grew out of his side but above all those Scotch Twin Monsters who living both to be Men often discoursed and disputed with one another and sometimes wrangled and fell out To these belong Barbara the hairy Maid whose Picture we have from the Life by Hollar and the Cornuted Woman the little Manikin lately carried about in a Box and the prodigious fat Child To this Class belong extraordinary Zanis and Farcers Scaramuccios Trivelin Harlequin Pulchinello and such as excel in slight of hand the late Famous Funamble Turk Iack-Adams and the Dutch-Woman Tumbler by no means forgetting our late Proteus Clark who tho' gross enough of Body was of so flexible and subtile a Texture as to contort his Members into several disfigurations and to put out of joynt almost any Bone or Vertebra of his Body and to re-place it again Lastly Thomas the German who performed any thing with his Feet that others could do with their Hands celebrated by the Excellent Poet Posthius c. Eminent Travellers and Discoverers were Paulus Venetus the Jew Benjamin Leo Africanus Postell Fernandus Pinto Busbequius Bellonius Io. Maria Favi Le Blanc Bernier Monconis Mandelslo and Olearius Rauwolf Thevenot Tavernier Sir Iohn Chardin my most worthy Friend Vanslebe with the late Famous Missionaries Riccius Adam Semedo Martinius Magalian the Jesuit Le Compt Trigaultius P. de la Valle and above all those ever Renowned Discoverers of the New World Vespusius Columbus Vertamannus Iohn Major Sebastian Consalvo Gomez Nigno Fogesta Vasc. Nunez Peter Covilan P. Alvarez Almeida Alvaredo Zanches de Huelva Zeno Ubbon Sylvanus Piccolomini our Owen Guynedd Annius Hemiskirk Barenson Car. Rip Machero Gonsalvo and Tristan de Vaz Pigafetta Spileberg Schouten L'Eremit Bathencourt cum multis aliis whose Pourtraits are to be found Much desirable were certainly the Heads and Effigies of the antient Sophists Rhetoricians Critics Men Renowned for their extraordinary Learning c. Such as Varro Demetrius Phalereus See for many of the Greek Philosophers Wetstein's late Edition of Diog. Laertius or rather those of Bellorius design'd from the best Originals yet remaining Plotinus Hierocles Longinus Quintilian both the Plinies of whom I wonder we see neither Authentic Medal or Statue Solinus Maximus Tyrius A. Gellius Athenaeus Pyrrho the Sceptic Lucian Libanius Censorinus Themistius Severinus Boethius and others whom we have named not omitting the Witty Aesop and incomparable Phaedrus c. Nor remember I to have seen any Medal one could confidently rely on of the Father of History Herodotus Thucydides Xenophon Polybius Plutarch and the rest of that Venerable Class or indeed of the Latin Writers Caesar excepted or very few of the Ages succeeding but which yet might have been done as to the Effigies in their Manuscripts by the Pens of those who in their Author's Life-time copied their Works and had been skilful in designing with the Pen as many have done in later times Mathematicians What should one not give for a genuine Medal of the Divine Archimedes Archytas Aristarchus Callisthenes◠Diophantus Euclides Eratosthenes Hipparchus Mela Ptolemee Strabo Apollonius Pergaeus Pappus Pyrrho the Lydian Sesostris c. of the Antients Ulugh Beigh Nephew to great Tamerlain Alhazen Almansor Geber Isr. Abulfeda c. Radolphus the Second With no great Pains we may find the Effigies and Stamps of the Noble Tycho Copernicus Galilaeus Kepler De Cartes Gassendus Vieta Scheiner Hevelius of whom I have seen a very fair Medalion To these number Apian Pet. Areolus Des Argues Auzout Benardinus Baldus Bertius Bettinus Borellus Bullialdus Cassini Cavallerius Clavius Commandinus Eichstadius Eustathius de Divinis Fermat Orontius Finaeus Fournier Fermantius Galilaeo Gemma Frisius Guido Ubaldus Herigon Hondius Ianellus Iubertus Kircherus Ludovicus à Ceulen Lubin Ger. Mercator Maurolycus Mersennus Mercurialis Nicero Ortelius Paschal Pena Pequet Peutinger Purbachius Rhamusius Rudbeck Ragusius Rohault Ricciolus Snellius Stadius Schotti Stevinus Stouffler Tacquet Torricellius Tartaglia Turrianus Vitellio De Wit c. Despairing of Hippias the Tyrant Pisistratus Tiphys Theseus Daedalus Palamedes Icarus c. Worth in the mean time were the procuring the Effigies of Virgilius Bishop of Salisbourg condemn'd as an Heretic for affirming there were Antipodes Regiomontanus Flavio Goia of Amalphi who found out the Pyxis Nautica and of that Devil in a Coul the Monk Anklitzin or Schwarts of Friburgh who invented Gun-Powder and Artillery But above all the Famous Costar of Harlem or whoever else he was that brought the stupendious Art of Typography into the World of which 't is yet believed the forenamed Regiomontanus gave the first hint the Heads of both the Learned and Industrious Improvers of it deserving indeed not only their Medals but Statues of Gold and would doubtless have been so honored in a more grateful Age How much more than he or they who first invented Letters and the Symbolical Magic of Writing for the Communication of our Thoughts to the Absent of the farthest Antipodes Nay of the Dead by joyning of those Elements together Famous Printers were Oporinus Raphelengius Plantin the Stephens Aldus Moretus Gryphius Froben Morelius the Elzeviers Bleau Vitre our Day Winkyn de Worde who Printed here if not first of any yet the second 1496. in the Reign of Hemry VII Caxton Rastal who married a Sister of Sir Thomas More Lord Chancellor Thomasius Bee not forgetting
I endeavour to point out how some of all Capacities signal for any Thing or Action extraordinary and that possibly may enter into any part of History may at some time or upon some occasion or other fetch Matter and Subject proper for Use out of an universal Stock of Medals and Stamps tho' they be not all Heads and Reverses of Herâ—s Let my Reader therefore know that it is for their sakes who are making Collections of Prints in Taille douce and would furnish themselves with the Heads and Pourtraits of Famous Persons which in Medals they never hope to obtain The great Amasser of this innocent and useful Curiosity since the Noble Atticus and the most Learned of the Romans * Plin. Nat. Hist. Lib. xxxv Cap. 3. see the Passage M. Varro was the late Abbot dâ— Villeloin already mentioned whose numerous Collection the French King has purchased for a very considerable Sum to entich his incomparable Library with so as no Author or Person almost whatsoever Renowned for Letters Arms or Arts but may be seen in his lively Effigies amonst that prodigious Assembly of Prints a fuller Account whereof is given in the Abbot's own Life written by himself Next to this Curious Man Cornelius Beughen has upon a like Design gotten together a very great Number of Stamps and published his Museum or Syllabus Iconum Illustrium wherein he gives an Account of them and of the Excellent Order he has marshal'd them in with this Introduction as it relates to Medals Extra ullum est dubium quod ad cognitionem Numismatum Historiarum non ultimum locum sibi vendicent Icones Prosopographiae Virorum tam Marte quam Arte illustrium quam frugiferum hoc sit studium non meum erit haec multis Encomiis referre quippe qui in praesens non Oratorem sed Collectorem agere constitui c. Doubtless says he the Images and Pourtraits of Persons Famous and Conspicuous as well for Arms as Arts do not a little contribute to the Knowledge and Understanding of Medals and good History How Advantageous the Study thereof is I purpose not to celebrate with many Encomiums here who recommend them at present but as a Collector not as an Orator c. To these add Lorenzo Crasso Galeazzo Gualdo Priorato Boissardi Icones c. Thevet acquaints us where he had most of his and De l'Asne has himself Graven Three Hundred Pourtraits to the Life And the Plenipotentiaries of the Famous Treaty at Munster are also in Stamp and so are likewise all the great Generals and Commanders of the Imperial and Swedish Armies from the Year 1630. The Popes and Cardinals by Augustinus Oldorpius besides a newer Set of them by a later Hand as in those above named the Effigies of all the Learned as well as other Illustrious Persons of Italy and other Countries To these may be added Peter Laurembergius de Pulchritudine Philippus Thomasinus's Illustrium Virorum Elogia where you have not only the Effigies of all the Learned Persons then in Italy from about the Fourth Century to the Twelfth but several Medals also that were struck in Honor of them Besides these Philip Gallus of Antwerp 1577. published in Stamp the Heads of all the Italian Modern Poets and such as among the Greek revived that Tongue in Europe and the often named Imperialis in his Museum Historicum presents us with the Icons and Elogies of sundry other Famous Great and Learned Persons after the manner of Paulus Iovius Ianus Strada a Mantuan Antiquary has in Taille-douce the Pourtraits of the Twelve Roman Caesars together with many of their Relations and with great accurateness the Learned Graevius in his Thesaurus Antiquitatum Romanarum besides innumerable rare Things gives us the same Effigies from Iulius to Constantine the Great designed from Medals But above all besides what is already published of Leonardus Augustinus Antiquary to Pope Alexander VII That which the Curious may expect from the Incomparable Gronovius of the Heads and Effigies of the most Illustrious Greeks possibly to be found in Medals or Statues and to be Ingraven by the most famous Artists together with other pretious Antiquities relating to the Subject inrich'd with the Notes and Discourses of this Learned Professor in three large Volumes in * See the Paper published by the Printer Peter Van der Aa of Levden giving a large Account of this Work with the Conditions to the Subscribers Folio The Heads of the Roman and German Emperors from Charles the Great are set forth by Gualdus Engraven by Kilian and Dominicus Custos together with those of the Dukes of Bavaria the Heads Stems and Genealogies of the most Renowned Princes of Germany Count Palatines of the Rhine divers of the French Spanish Danish Swedish and Polish Kings the Arch-Dukes of Austria Venice Florence Savoy Parma Mantua Ferrara Burgundy Lorain Brunswic the Princes of the Illustrious Houses of Nassau Conde Generals and great Captains with sundry Mahumetan Princes and other Famous Persons not forgetting that pompous Volume of those Noble French which Cardinal Richelieu caused to be painted at length and set up in his Palace-Gallery at Paris Ingraven with great accurateness by Hience and Bignon to which the Cbevalier Wolson has subjoined an abstract of their Lives and Actions with many Heroical Emblems After these Henry Hondius presents us the Effigies and Elogies of such Divines as have most signally opposed the Errors of the Church of Rome under the Title of Antichristian Ingraved by Iac. Verheiden And lastly for the English Persons Renowned for Birth Learning Arms and Arts from Anno 1500. to the beginning of the present Century are published by Crispin Passaeus a very accurate and diligent Graver But for the Excellency of the Draught and Resemblance to the Life there 's none in Competition with those designed and some of them also Etched by the Hand of the Famous Van Dyke without Controversie the most incomparable Morphographer and Painter of this or perhaps any former Age most of them Cut by the best Chalcographers then Living and set forth in a large Folio containing the Icons of an Hundred Persons of the greatest Quality among us To conclude The Curious Monsieur Began Intendant de la Marine de Rochfort is now publishing the Heads of all the Literati and Illustrious Persons of the present Age which he is causing to be Engraven with their Elogies and that from the best Originals he can any where procure and gets many to be designed and drawn by Stealth and Privately from several to whom he is not known and that know nothing of his intended Work as in particular the Effigies of the so much talked of Varillas who would never suffer his Picture to be taken ashamed perhaps to shew his Face to the World which he has egregiously abused by his Romantic Histories and Mercenary Pen as the late more worthy Monsieur Menagius acquaints us whose Pourtrait with abundance of other Learned Men we
Persons are remarkable for the Oculorum mobilis petulantia as Petronius calls it From this also we may solve the Quakers expectingâ—Face awaiting the pretended Spirit and the melancholy Face of Sectaries the studious Countenance of Persons of great application of Mind revengeful and bloody Men like Executioners in the Act and tho' silence in a sort may a while pass for Wisdom yet sooner or later Sir Martin peeps thro' the Disguise to undo all Not that what has been said is always without exception great and virtuous Souls absconded now and then under unpromising externals like to that of Claranus in Seneca but speaking for the most part and as commonly it falls out Thus far the Learned Doctor And thus have we at last gon thro' the Causes and Principles of the Physiognomical Divination as they concern the Face and external Countenance our Artists peculiar Province deducible not only from Effigies in Taille-Douce and Prints but from antient Medals also as Samuel Fuchsius has in particular exemplified in his Metoposcopie from that of Pertinax Maximinus and others without expatiating upon Colours and Complexions as they call them the Tone of the Flesh and other particulars whether tender hard coarse fair or swarthy and so of the Hair as to its being gentle harsh thick or thin not so perfectly discernable whilst yet the long and prolixer Beard was ever a mark of Gravity and Wisdom in Men but a Woman with an hairy Chin was saluted as a Monster by a Peal of Stones at her Of the thin and whey-colour'd Beard 't was usually said Poco barba è men colore Sotto'l cielo non è peggiore Dares says Achilles's Hair was curl'd and ever a sign of Courage so was Pompey's but the leviter inflexa was that of Augustus Depressed and flat to the Fore-head a mark of Cruel c. but those manly Distinctions being now no more the Mode chang'd universally into the Peruke our Physiognomist goes no farther tho' it must I think be acknowledged that the natural Covering was not given to be used altogether as an Excrement but ordained for a natural decent and becoming Discrimination let us hear St. Ambrose elegantly Caesaries reverenda est in Senibus veneranda in Sacerdotibus terribilis in Bellatoribus decora in Adolescentibus compta in Mulieribus dulcis in Pueris Hair says the Holy Bishop is reverend in old Men venerable in Priests terrible in Soldiers becoming in young Men elegant in Women sweet and lovely in Children But of these Accessaries only in Medals and Picture in Prints tho' a Physiognomist can take little notice so as to make any certain Judgment for want of Colour they may yet from other likensses make almost the same Conjectures as from the Life it self as 't is reported of that Artist who from a Picture only drawn by the great Apelles predicted by what Accident the Original should perish And I have been told of the famous Architect and Statuary the late Chevalier Bernini who cut that rare Bust of Charles the First at Rome in white Marble from a Picture painted by Van Dyke yet extant and to be seen in one of His Majesty's Apartments that he foretold something of funest and unhappy which the Countenance of that Excellent Prince fore-boded We have said nothing of the Voice the Object of another Sense whether shrill loud hoarse broken small harmonious and agreeable c. by which much might be discover'd as appears by that of Socrates who tho' so skilful in Metoposcopie bid the Boy whom they brought him to speak Eloquere ut te videam s that he might see what was in the Youth This I know was meant of the Wit and towardliness of the Boy But what if the Voice alone assist the discovery of that too and yet even without the Voice Et fronte vultu etiam in ipso oris silentio natura sequitur as Adamantius For tho' Picture be not vocal the Eyes and Countenance often supply the Tongue and speak the very Passions and interior of the Soul to which add that of Porta Est enim similitudo Pictus sermo Pictura loquens quae quovis sermone quibusve notis valentior And now we mention Picture since the Posture or Stroak of one single Line does often discover the Regnant Passion De Frenay so elegantly published by Mr. Dryden forgets not to recommend the Art of Physiognomy to the study of Painters One thing more whilst we are discoursing of Heads and Faces who can but take notice of that Wise and Wonderful Providence which has ordain'd such variety of Looks and Countenances among Men whilst the other Parts and Members of our Bodies are in comparison so little different much less the Heads and Faces as I may also call them of other Creatures of the same Species since were it otherwise and that Men had been made all like one another the whole Government and Politie of the World must long since have run into Confusion and sad Disorder For who could have distinguish'd the True-man from the Thief There would be promiscuous Amours and innocent Adulteries as well as injurious For the Wife could not know her Husband so like Alcumena in Amphitryo the Son would mistake his Father Gen. XXVii 22. the Father his Son the Friend his Friend and there would be no more Justice no more Commerce no more Living in the World For Evil Men would deny their Crimes and Good Men be often punished for the Faults of the wicked For tho' in a Flock of Ten Thousand Sheep 't is said an Ewe will know her Lamb Plautus in Menechm Parents would many times mistake their own Children as it is often seen among Twins where Brothers and Sisters have so resembled one the other as to have been corrected for Faults they did not commit but which neither their Voice nor any other natural Mark could discriminate Nay I read of some who were Strangers to one another as the two Slaves of Mark Antony tho' born in several Countries vastly distant Plin. Nat. Hist. Lib. VII Cap 2. Arist. Hist. Nat. Lib. XVII Cap. 6. the one in Egypt the other in Asia Persons exceedingly resembling were Henry the Fourth of France and the Miller of Languedoc Malatesta Duke of Bavaria and Marchesinus a Mimic nor without admiration have I sometimes considered a poor Hedger and Day-Labourer of mine so extreamly like the renowned Emperor Charles the Fifth as no Flesh could be more if the best Pictures of that Mighty Prince be truly represented by the best Painter that perhaps has ever been the Famous Titian Erythraeus says the Poet Stephanius was like Virgil Antoninus Pius resembling Numa Pompilius and the Great Chancellor of France Mic. Hospitalis in Countenance like Aristotle But as these happen rarely so a Physiognomist's Judgment is not at all ingaged to pronounce of their Fortune or Advancement referring various Events to the bold Astrologer or rather indeed to the Providence of God alone and as
other Qualities For who does not see the adductum vultum as Suetonius notes the close and surlie Looks of Tiberius even in his Medal The austere Countenance of Severus and Caracalla as in that of Geta the quite contrary Socrates was bald and Camus resembling a Silenus more than a grave Philosopher nor was the Physiognomones at all mistaken by that great Man's ingenuous Confession as to his natural Temper and Inclinations Nor Philemon's Judgment by the Picture of Hippocrates for which his Scholars were like to knock him o' th Head had not their Master stopp'd them with the same Confession of Socrates Dominatur autem maxime vultus as Quintilian truely observes speaking of the Countenance of an ‖ Quintil. Lib. XIII Cap. 3. Orator how it expresses and speaks his Mind equally with his Tongue To give a few Instances of our own and others Let him that would Write and Read the History of the late Times particularly that of the late Usurper Cromwell but seririously contemplate the Falls and Lines of his ambiguous and double Face as accurately stamp'd in his Medal by Symmons or engrav'd in Taille-Douce by Lombard from a Picture of Walker's the most resembling him to read in it without other Comment Characters of the greatest Dissimulation Boldness Cruelty Ambition in every touch and stroak so like to his of whom Tacit. in Vit Iul. Agric. de Domittano 't was said Saevus ille vultus rubor à quo se contra ruborem muniebat In the Noble Earl of Strafford painted by Van Dyke and engraven by Lucas Vosterman a steady serious and judicious Countenance In Henry the Seventh painted by Holbein a close dry wise and careful Effigies as in that of his Predecessor Richard the Third a twisted Face and not a Line but what bespeaks Hypocrisie Craft and Cruelty In that of the Emperor Charles the Fifth by the Hand of Titian a stout hardy resolute wise and determin'd Prince as that of a stiff bigotted and formal Look in his Son Philip the Second In the Duke of Alva of whom there are a Thousand Pictures not on Medals only but upon every Iugg-Pot and Tabacco-Box shewing a most malicious stern and merciless Apect fringed with a prolix and squalid Beard which draws down his meager and hollow Cheeks Emblems of his Disposition In Count Gondamar which I have seen well painted and in Stamp Craft with a certain pert and piercing Air as lying upon the Catch not much unlike to the late Lord Treasurer Cottington but with a greater mixture of morose and warines in the latter In Erasmus of Holbein Quickness with an easie pleasant facetiousness and honest Gravity In Sir Thomas More by the same Pencil great Probity under a steady and ingenuous Mind an extraordinary Chearfulness In my Lord Chancellor Bacon a spacious Fore-head and piercing Eye always as I have been told by one who knew him well looking upward as a Soul in sublime Contemplation and as the Person who by standing up against Dogmatists was to emancipate and set free the long and miserably captivated Philosophia which has ever since made such Conquests in the Territories of Nature In Ben. Iohnson a surly Pride positive and humorous In the incomparable Cowley's Countenance all that could indicate a most candid ingenuous and agreeable Nature with a great Wit and great Modesty Those who remember Mr. Hobbs as I perfectly do and whose Pictures are perfectly like him might discover in his very Looks a supercilious Saturnine Opiniatrety pleased with himself as on the contrary in the famous Mr. Oughtred whose Picture etched by Hollar and placed before his Clavis extreamly resembles him that calm and placid Composure which seemed to proceed from and be the result of some happy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Invention such as was that of Archimedes when he discovered the adulterate mixture in the Sicilian Prince's Crown or that of Pythagoras demonstrating the equality between the sides of a rectangular Triangle and the square of its Base for Joy whereof he paid an Hecatomb to the Gods And such another was that of our Renowned Harvey's but with stroaks of more serious and application I will end in the late Lord Bishop of Chester Dr. Wilkins of whom tho' I cannot say I ever saw Picture so like him as I wish all who knew him must acknowledge to find in him a judicious unaffected Gravity tempered with extraordinary sweetness a serene calmness and openness of Countenance becoming the freedom and great Ingenuity of Nature and Disposition The late * A cast of whose Effigies is in the Repository at Gresham-College Sir Robert Murray should be the next in whom with a manly Presence and serious Aspect there met a disinteress'd gentle and debonair Temper with great Affability and Goodness Several others I might shew you but I confine my self to such alone whose Effigies I have seen breathing-like and painted by the most celebrated and skilful Pencils and many more are there yet before me and in my Eye of our own Country whose Countenances justify this Paragraph But I speak of such as are no more among us save in their Works Merits and profitable Inventions leaving Argument of immortal Fame For to have enumerated such as at present flourish and remain trace and pursue the Progress daily made by those great Genius's in some part or other of the universal Cycle will be the Work of a steadier hand and is reserved for Him who shall one day write the History of this Age of Wonders Were I say my Talent rich enough to be their Encomiastes there are many quibus ego nominibus semper assurgo in my ken of extraordinary Merit for what they have written published and improved of the most useful experimental Learning and which after all a-do is really and indeed of all human Knowledge the only true and valid Learning Persons I say of equal Desert with any which past and former Ages have produc'd In a word we have had some as great and conspicuous Subjects fit to have been stamp'd and worn in Medals of Gold and carv'd in Marble as ever Greece or Rome or any present ambitious Potentate had any where for extending their Dominions by Slaughter Blood Fire and Desolation which disturbs the Fruits and Labours of the most useful Studies The great Archimedes whom but now we mentioned was barbarously stain by a rude and common Soldier in the midst of his Speculations whose Life was of more Value than a Thousand Syracusa's and all the Conquests of Marcellus FINIS INDEX A. ABBOTS in England had jus Monetae Pag. 12. Abbreviations 190. Abgarus K. of Edessa 37. Abraham 69. Acad. of Medalists 2 244. Actions Motions and Postures 337. Adepti 276. Adoption 184. Adultery 55. Aedes Monetarii 12. Aeginates 14. Aera vid. Epocha Aer thick and foggy often produces sharp and great Wits 319. Aerarium 14. Vid. Mint Aes grave 13. Africans their Character 311 314. Agencourt Battel 159. Agnus 4. Alexander
Instruments and Workmen followed which calls to mind how in almost the like Circumstance the late French King Lewis XIII did not think his Mint secure from these wicked Practices until he had hous'd it in the Louvre which that great and worthy Minister and Virtuoso Monsieur de Noyers plac'd in the same Apartment with the Royal Printing-House that as my * Monsieur Freart Author adds he might allie together Two of the most universal and most permanent Monuments of Kings Books and Money spreading themselves over all Nations and remaining for many Ages The excessive Abuses found in the Years 1635 and 39. both in the Title and Weight of the greatest part of the Coin as well of several other Countries as France which had been changed or destroyed stood in need of timely Reformation Nor was it possible to remedy it on the sudden without putting Commerce into very great Disorder and was therefore for a while conniv'd at But as this dexterous and publick-spirited States-man order'd it he well knew how to derive the greatest Advantage to the Benefit of the People and Honor of the King by Politickly permitting and indeed authorizing the Abuse which could not else have been so easily encounter'd whilst in the mean time it invited those of all the neighbouring Countries and States in hope of Gain to Transport into France all their Light Gold and Silver which they had and which remained there by reason of its being decried a few Months after bearing now the Arms of France and Effigies of Lewis le Iust by that noble Conversion which he order'd to be made of it Whilst this strange Matter was united to ours he also sought out and discover'd prompt and easy Expedients of giving it that excellent Form which since it bears Curing at the same instant and by the same Remedy both the present Inconvenience and that to come Thus we see that its just and equal Roundness the Grenetis which is about it and the Politure which is on the flat of every Piece not only defends it from the Clipping the File and Operation of Strong-Waters but even renders its Imitation in a manner impossible to our False Coiners so as we may affirm of this Money that it is the most Artistly contriv'd and the most commodious that was ever us'd in Commerce there being stamp'd in less than four Years time above an Hundred and Twenty Millions and that after fifteen or sixteen Years that the War had lasted and the Kingdom seemed to have been utterly exhausted c. Perhaps this Passage of which I gave Account more than thirty Years since in a Dedication to his late Majesty Charles II. might have been taken notice of the Instance being so pregnant and so like our present Case But as some Kings and Emperors were Famous for their Care in reforming these Abuses Aurelianus calling in all the Counterfeit Money and giving out New to obviate the growing Mischief and Confusion so there were others as Infamous for their not only neglecting it but for doing worse in not only conniving at them but who did themselves vitiate and debase their own Coin Such of old among the Romans after the Age of Commodus whose excesses had so debauch'd the People were those from Gordian to the Posthumi when they began to pervert the Standard which so long as that Wise and Glorious Empire religiously maintain'd it in all its Purity Nat. Hist. lib. VI. C 22. Quod pares pondere denarii essent in â—â—ptiva pecunia cum diversae imagines indicarent à pluribus factos did infinitely prosper so as Pliny speaking of the Island of Taprobane tells us that the most Barbarous Nations at vast distance held friendly Commerce and Correspondence with the Romans looking upon them as just and worthy People from the constant Value Goodness and Integrity of their Money But no sooner did they once give way to the adulteration or raising of their Money beyond its real worth but the Government it self grew degenerate and soon fell after it Nor is there a more fatal Symptom of Consumption in a State than the Corruption and Diminution of the Coin under which denomination I comprehend all other Practices on the Species however dignified by Names and Character The very Truth is to put a King's Title or Effigies to unweighty Money and not of authentic Value is as we said to render the Prince himself a Faux Monoyeur or as the Learned * Recher L VI. C. 21. Pasquiers Expression is donner un souflet au Roy and bouffet Majesty Thus Henry VI. diverted or perverted rather by the mean and beggarly Shift of Alchymy and other Sophistications endeavour'd to supply his Extravagances as after him another profuse Henry of ours until his Renouned Daughter by more wholsome Counsel reforming it reduc'd the Standard to the Purity of Edward the Fourth But it was our First Edward who first of all establish'd the English Sterling from its ambulatory and uncertain Motion and Value and which all the wiser States of Christendom did imitate afterwards This calls to mind another Edward that most hopeful and incomparable Prince the Sixth of that name who having as yet hardly arriv'd to the Thirteenth Year of his Age upon Consideration of the miserable Plight to which his profuse Father had brought the Coin took such Care and Pains to inform himself of the State and Condition of the Mint Exchange and Value of Money and to Regulate those Matters as by turning over the * Original in the Cotton Library and now published in Hist. Reformat Book II. Part II. Iournal written in his own Hand I find among other grave and serious Remarks he did so far exceeding either the usual Capacity or Years of an Age so Immature as it reproaches those who being much more Advanc'd minded nothing but trifling childish or vicious Diversions To step a little back again to the History of these depraved Customs abroad It was about the Reign of Charles the Simple that most of the Great ones especially Governours of Provinces Castles and principal Cities took on them to Coin and looked upon the Priviledge as it were hereditary and independent for so did they sometimes here in England too tho' it lasted not long but the Mischief became so insupportable by reason of the Corruption that when the King would have abrogated the cause of the Abuse he found it so very difficult that he was fain to give it over and content himself with a small proportion to discharge the Mintage and this was thought not a little Progress 'T is in the mean time evident as to that of France they might thank themselves and their perpetual Quarrels with England from the very Reign of their Famous St. Lewis and above all that of Philip the Fair and Charles IX when we endanger'd France as it now does us which mov'd them to debase and yet to inhance the Value of their Coin to the unspeakable loss of the
Publick and dishonor of the Prince and Government the mixtures being two third-parts of Copper to one of Silver so as three Deniers of the New Money was not worth above one of the Old and the Effect was accordingly namely an universal Decay of Trade throughout the Nation and so very odious was the Practice that within little above an Age past there being but a very small part of Coin decried in Aquitain the Detriment was so grievously resented by the People that they no more computed from the Year of the Lord but from their Decurtata Moneta and debasement of the Coin What prodigious Confusion this unworthy Shift and false Polity of Raising and Sinking has several times wrought in Spain and Portugal notwithstanding all that affluence of immense Treasure from both the Indies the lamentable and astonishing sudden Ruin of that late formidable Monarchy shews as well as of many private Persons within our remembrance and may in great part be imputed to it whilst their unsatiable Avarice Ambition Cruelty and Injustice may and ought to be a Document to other Princes and Potentates who think to establish their Grandeur by indirect Policies however for a time they seem to flourish and carry all before them But to return to those Corrupters once more Henry the Fourth of France began to Reform this Evil but soon they relaps'd until the Father of the present King attempted the Regulation and at last not without exceeding Clamour and seditious Commotions hardly and with difficulty effected it We meet indeed with some fair Pieces of Henry the Second by some Invention imitating the Press which were Coin'd in the Iardin des Estuves An. 1553. But it never arriv'd to perfection till Mons. Varin Intendant of the Mint whom I knew and who was himself the most Excellent Artist any Age since the Greek and Roman has I think produc'd took in hand and us'd the Mill effectually as we had in some sort before witness those Pieces of our Edward VI. and his Glorious Sister Queen Elizabeth which we may esteem as Medals And happy happy I pronounce that State and Kingdom whose Princes as both these especially the latter make it their early Care to preserve the Standard intrinsically valuable by a Law as Sacred and Inviolable as that of the Medes and Persians This le Blanc himself acknowledges to have been done in England only of all the Kingdoms not of Europe alone but of all the World besides And undoubtedly Money which is All things in Power and Effect should be made as near as is possible of such proportion of Alloy Weight Value and Security from Diminution as the Species is worth in Metal what 't is pretended to be in Payment exclusive to the Fabrick c. as near as may be and as when of old it was cut from the solid Lingot and then let Men in God's Name traffick freely with it as with other Commodities it will never prejudice the State Where this is honestly observ'd there will ever be most plenty of Money and that State and Kingdom the most flourishing What People then would defile their Fingers with their Monnoy Noire Nigra Moneta Mart. and other fictitious trash light and vitiate however blanch'd with adulterate Mixtures or endure the genuine Metal should be stretch'd beyond its real Value The pernicious Consequences of which is abundantly made out by that our Learned and Judicious Antiquary the late Sir Robert Cotton both before Queen Elizabeth and King Iames the First and the Lords of the Council and since by Sir William Petty whose Catechism as I beg leave to call it and Thoughts about this Matter coincident with that of Sir Christopher Wren and lately since the writing of this the incomparably Judicious and Learned Mr. Lock with the worthy Author of the Review I prefer to any thing I have hitherto met with pretending to answer the present ill-boding Exigences under which we suffer It were easie to deduce the Original and Cause State and Progress of Money it self from the Rising Culminating and Meridian to its decline and almost setting in our Hemisphere as to Goodness and Integrity For so it first shone brightest in the East as we learn from Sacred Writ when they dealt by Weight and the most antient Records of History where there is any Record of Credit from the first and middle Ages and of the latter for Species Character Value Fabric c. out of Budaeus Agricola our Brerewood Malines Sir Thomas Roe Mr. Vaughan an Excellent Piece and Instar Omnium the most laborious Klockius de Aerario whither the Curious of Antiquity may resort for the Metal Standard Coin Laws Abuses and Remedies together with the Charge of the Treasurer and other both high subordinate and Inferior Offices and Officers relating to Money the Consultations of the most politick Princes and States upon the greatest Emergences and in general for whatsoever else falls under this ample Subject in I think all the possible Difficulties which usually arise incident to this imortant Branch and Nerve of the Power Justice and Prosperity of a Nation Historically deduc'd and that with German Industry But as it suits not altogether with my purpose to compile a pompous Volume out of so many Authors as have discuss'd this Argument and which were easie to do by Men of leisure so should I not have nam'd them here but for this Observation that by the universal Suffrage of them all I am sure of the most Learned Judicious and Able of them all I dare appeal to all the Politicks from Aristotle to Bodin and so forth for Two Thousand Years the raising of the Value of Money at any time beyond its real Worth has been almost equally decried and condemned with the very worst of Sophistications Debasing and Diminution of it and from the constant Experience of the fatal and destructive Consequences which have ever attended it One needs but to read the Story of Livius Drusus the Disorder caus'd by those Practices until Marius Gratidianus who had his Statue erected by the Commons to which in Veneration they burnt Incense for his Care and Regulation about the Mint On the other hand how foul a Stain it left on the very best of the Roman Princes as oft as they yielded to these false Expedients their best Historians have acquainted us nor indeed was it at all to their Credit that even in their greatest Extremity of the Punic War they had recourse a while to this ignoble Shift seldom or rarely practised but by Tyrants the negligent vicious and profuse of all that Government and never failing fore-runners of Calamities ensuing both in the West and Eastern Empire also from these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and debauchers of the Species soon after Constantine to so many Ages until it was broken at last in Pieces like the Fragments of their antient Coin The Divisions and perpetual Quarrels about Religion between the Orthodox Arians and other Sects as now afresh reviv'd