the_o vaughan_n of_o brechnock-shire_n and_o many_o other_o gentleman_n who_o be_v term_v tylwyth_n voreiddig_n 1._o gwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 2._o cadivor_fw-la ap_fw-mi blethin_n gryff_fw-mi gwyr_n from_o who_o the_o family_n of_o brechn_n glamorg_n and_o carmatthenshires_n come_v call_v tylwyth_n howel-melyn_n that_o be_v howel-melyns_a posterity_n owen_n gethyn_n from_o who_o many_o gentleman_n in_o brechnock-shire_n be_v descend_v call_v tylwyth_n owen_n gethyn_n that_o be_v the_o posterity_n or_o tribe_n of_o owen_n gethin_n here_o you_o see_v this_o bard_n have_v not_o only_o vouchsafe_v unto_o we_o the_o tylwyth_n arise_v out_o of_o this_o short_a pedigree_n but_o also_o the_o very_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n in_o the_o english_a thus_o be_v their_o memorial_n preserve_v by_o they_o who_o the_o better_a to_o infix_v they_o and_o also_o for_o a_o great_a stimulum_fw-la to_o heroic_a action_n in_o their_o song_n deduce_v from_o age_n to_o age_n deliver_v to_o they_o from_o their_o predecessor_n do_v celebrate_v the_o praise_n of_o their_o worthy_a man_n which_o custom_n in_o some_o place_n they_o yet_o retain_v and_o of_o so_o great_a account_n be_v these_o bard_n that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a a_o honourable_a provision_n be_v make_v for_o the_o chief_a of_o they_o in_o the_o court_n who_o be_v to_o reside_v near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o of_o so_o great_a repute_n be_v this_o place_n or_o office_n that_o to_o the_o dignity_n be_v annex_v a_o particular_a refugium_fw-la the_o use_n of_o these_o tylwyth_n be_v to_o show_v not_o only_o the_o original_n of_o family_n as_o if_o their_o work_n have_v be_v mere_o to_o run_v over_o a_o pedigree_n but_o the_o several_a distinction_n and_o distance_n of_o birth_n that_o in_o case_n any_o line_n shall_v make_v a_o failer_z the_o next_o in_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o german_a proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la may_v make_v a_o unconfounded_a use_n of_o their_o interest_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n by_o their_o gavel_n i_o tell_v you_o before_o how_o in_o all_o their_o pedigree_n there_o be_v a_o preference_n of_o primogeniture_n which_o be_v only_o in_o honour_n and_o respect_n and_o not_o in_o unequal_a division_n of_o the_o patrimony_n for_o in_o these_o the_o better_a to_o carry_v a_o light_n use_v lustre_n they_o point_v at_o the_o penennedl_n of_o each_o family_n who_o as_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o tribe_n and_o kindred_n be_v always_o have_v in_o much_o honour_n and_o reverence_n among_o they_o which_o respect_n be_v like_a that_o wherewith_o the_o jew_n do_v honour_v their_o chief_n mention_v they_o with_o that_o title_n of_o respect_n in_o call_v they_o sometime_o head_n of_o their_o father_n house_n other-while_n chief_a man_n and_o in_o other_o place_n of_o scripture_n they_o be_v make_v know_v by_o this_o account_n viz._n by_o their_o generation_n after_o the_o house_n of_o their_o father_n and_o in_o this_o form_n do_v they_o enrol_v their_o band_n of_o soldier_n for_o the_o war_n for_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o chronicle_n chapter_n 1_o chron_n 7._o and_o 8_o chapter_n that_o david_n assemble_v all_o the_o prince_n of_o israel_n the_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n etc._n etc._n unto_o jerusalem_n 25.44_o numb_a 25.44_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v record_v in_o number_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o israelite_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v zimti_n the_o son_n of_o salu_n a_o prince_n of_o a_o chief_a house_n among_o the_o simeonites_n and_o in_o the_o follow_a verse_n it_o be_v remember_v that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o midianitish_a woman_n that_o be_v slay_v be_v cozbi_n the_o daughter_n of_o zur_n he_o be_v head_n of_o a_o people_n and_o of_o a_o chief_a house_n in_o midian_a where_o this_o order_n of_o partition_n be_v in_o force_n there_o be_v it_o most_o necessary_a that_o genealogy_n shall_v be_v most_o exact_o keep_v and_o by_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n so_o great_a care_n be_v take_v in_o this_o point_n that_o the_o tribe_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v mixtion_n together_o by_o intermarriage_n and_o although_o in_o many_o of_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n they_o have_v lose_v this_o tenure_n yet_o have_v they_o with_o much_o affection_n retain_v their_o respect_n to_o the_o head_n of_o their_o clan_n call_v they_o their_o chief_n to_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o give_v more_o respect_n and_o be_v with_o more_o obedience_n command_v than_o by_o their_o prince_n the_o pedigree_n before_o recite_v i_o tell_v you_o i_o give_v to_o show_v their_o manner_n of_o record_v their_o family_n of_o gentry_n distinguish_v from_o their_o pen-cennedl_a i_o have_v another_o that_o â—â—ows_v how_o tenacious_o their_o gavel_n be_v in_o force_n among_o they_o even_o in_o regno_fw-la adâ—unâ—o_fw-la and_o how_o by_o it_o in_o process_n of_o time_n that_o principality_n come_v to_o great_a loss_n and_o destruction_n roderick_n the_o great_a be_v prince_n of_o all_o wales_n have_v three_o son_n among_o who_o he_o divide_v his_o territory_n which_o three_o son_n be_v call_v y_o tri_n twysoc_n talaethioc_n that_o be_v the_o three_o crown_a prince_n because_o every_o one_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v upon_o his_o bonnet_n or_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n of_o gold_n be_v a_o broad_a lace_n or_o hatband_n indent_v upward_o set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o the_o british_a be_v call_v talaeth_n by_o which_o name_n the_o nurse_n do_v call_v the_o head-band_n wherewith_o a_o child_n head_n be_v bind_v uppermost_a at_o this_o time_n as_o doctor_n powel_n have_v critical_o observe_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o plain_a and_o perspicuous_a take_v it_o genealogistical_o thus_o roderick_n surname_v the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 1._o mervyn_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n howel-dha_a in_o who_o the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v and_o be_v the_o second_o legislator_n of_o the_o britan_n an._n christi_fw-la 942._o 3._o anarawd_n prince_n of_o powis_n after_o several_a succession_n which_o i_o purposely_o omit_v to_o save_v the_o labour_n of_o needless_o lengthen_v the_o line_n there_o from_o he_o proceed_v one_o convyn-blethin_a ap_fw-mi convyn_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o powis-land_n divide_v it_o to_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n who_o divide_v his_o apartment_n of_o powis-land_n betwixt_o his_o two_o son_n 1._o madoc_n who_o have_v upon_o the_o division_n that_o part_n that_o be_v call_v powys-uadoc_a or_o madoc_n his_o powis_n he_o die_v anno_fw-la d._n 1160._o at_o winchester_n and_o be_v call_v the_o prince_n of_o powy_n he_o be_v a_o true_a friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n susanua_n daughter_n of_o gruffyth_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n 2._o gruffyth_o prince_n of_o powy_n have_v another_o share_n of_o powy_n land_n 1._o gruffith_n maelor_n have_v for_o his_o share_n bromefield_n yale_n hopedale_n chirk_n etc._n etc._n 2._o owen_n vachan_n have_v mechain-iscoid_a etc._n etc._n 2._o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n 1_o owyn_n brogynton_n a_o base_a son_n of_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi blethin_n have_v dynmael_n and_o edeirneon_n and_o doctor_n powel_n in_o his_o additament_n to_o the_o cambrian_a history_n in_o those_o i_o mean_v that_o he_o have_v set_v betwixt_o the_o year_n 808._o and_o 810._o give_v a_o full_a discourse_n of_o the_o primitive_a use_n of_o this_o tenure_n and_o also_o of_o the_o modern_a abuse_n thereof_o for_o upon_o those_o great_a feud_n that_o arise_v betwixt_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n upon_o this_o account_n of_o partition_n he_o write_v thus_o here_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o custom_n and_o tenure_n of_o wales_n whereof_o this_o mischief_n grow_v viz._n the_o feud_n betwixt_o brethren_n the_o rend_v the_o government_n in_o piece_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n among_o all_o the_o son_n common_o call_v gavelkind_n gavel_n be_v a_o british_a term_n signify_v a_o hold_n because_o every_o one_o of_o the_o son_n do_v hold_v some_o portion_n of_o his_o father_n land_n as_o his_o lawful_a son_n and_o successor_n this_o be_v the_o cause_n not_o only_o of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a nobility_n in_o wales_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o inheritance_n be_v continual_o divide_v and_o subdivide_v among_o the_o child_n and_o the_o child_n child_n etc._n etc._n be_v at_o length_n bring_v to_o nothing_o but_o also_o of_o much_o bloodshed_n and_o unnatural_a strife_n and_o contention_n among_o brethren_n aâ—_n we_o have_v here_o a_o example_n viz._n the_o history_n of_o the_o descendant_n of_o conan_n tindaethwy_n and_o many_o other_o in_o this_o history_n he_o mean_v in_o lancarvan_n british_a history_n nation_n history_n i_o can_v wish_v that_o those_o renown_a english_a plantation_n in_o america_n will_v examine_v of_o what_o avail_n
hawisia_n so_o that_o sibi_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a number_n have_v not_o relation_n to_o any_o else_o but_o to_o the_o infirm_a wibert_n to_o he_o it_o be_v that_o the_o two_o penny_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n in_o common_a to_o all_o the_o infirm_a of_o that_o house_n in_o perpetual_a alm_n and_o to_o gavel-kind_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o all_o the_o brethren_n of_o that_o hospital_n shall_v have_v the_o like_a share_n and_o propriety_n in_o that_o acre_n and_o the_o half_n as_o the_o son_n of_o any_o one_o can_v have_v in_o their_o father_n land_n of_o that_o nature_n and_o if_o not_o by_o this_o way_n i_o can_v find_v no_o other_o to_o make_v any_o sense_n of_o it_o for_o this_o clause_n and_o to_o gavel_n kind_n have_v reference_n clear_o to_o the_o concession_n and_o habendum_fw-la and_o not_o to_o the_o reddendum_fw-la and_o if_o so_o who_o be_v those_o that_o shall_v hold_v it_o in_o gavelkind_n the_o infirmes_fw-la no_o for_o they_o be_v a_o body_n though_o sickly_a that_o can_v not_o die_v nor_o the_o son_n or_o grandchild_n of_o wibaldus_n for_o they_o have_v divess_v themselves_o of_o this_o land_n and_o invest_v their_o decrepit_a brother_n wibert_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o infirmes_fw-la of_o that_o hospital_n with_o it_o nor_o can_v the_o tenant_n claim_v any_o right_n by_o this_o deed_n for_o that_o it_o have_v not_o relation_n to_o any_o tenancy_n beside_o hospital_n in_o those_o day_n do_v not_o use_v to_o create_v unprosetable_a tenor_n to_o themselves_o and_o where_o land_n be_v say_v to_o be_v hold_v in_o gavelkynd_n there_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n they_o be_v syncategorematical_a or_o relative_n in_o the_o like_a sense_n be_v that_o deed_n which_o mr._n s._n make_v his_o script_n 〈◊〉_d pag._n 184._o where_o radun_v from_o wadidit_fw-la &_o concessit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d &_o fratribus_fw-la hospitalis_n sancti_fw-la laurentii_fw-la juxtà _fw-la gantunriam_fw-la by_o his_o deed_n septem_fw-la acras_fw-la terrae_fw-la meae_fw-la say_v he_o tenendas_fw-la in_fw-la gavel-kind_n de_fw-fr i_o &_o heredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la â—â—berâ—_n &_o quiâ—â—â—_n reddendo_fw-la inde_fw-la annuatim_fw-la mihi_fw-la vel_fw-la beredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la xlii_o denarios_fw-la etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la hac_fw-la donatione_fw-la &_o confirmatione_fw-la dederunt_fw-la mihi_fw-la praedicti_fw-la fratres_fw-la &_o heredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la quinque_fw-la marcas_fw-la â—ierlingorum_fw-la all_o that_o i_o can_v gather_v out_o of_o this_o be_v that_o ralph_n erone_n sell_v to_o the_o brethren_n of_o st._n lawrences_n hospital_n seven_o acre_n for_o five_o mark_v and_o reserve_v a_o rent_n of_o two_o and_o forty_o penny_n the_o land_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n in_o gavel-kind_n which_o as_o in_o the_o other_o of_o herbaldune_n so_o be_v this_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v to_o the_o common_a land_n 〈…〉_o and_o behalf_n of_o all_o the_o brethren_n for_o if_o not_o so_o i_o desire_v 〈◊〉_d inform_v how_o it_o can_v ruâ—_a into_o the_o tenor_n of_o glaver-lâ—ynd_a among_o they_o any_o other_o way_n and_o here_o alsoâ—eâ—_n i_o caution_n you_o to_o observe_v that_o in_o the_o first_o deed_n it_o be_v saiâ—_n to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosyndm_n and_o 〈…〉_o and_o then_o come_v in_o with_o the_o reddendum_fw-la so_o like_o wise_a in_o the_o second_o deed_n where_o the_o tenondum_fw-la and_o the_o reddendum_fw-la be_v at_o a_o distance_n that_o by_o mean_n thereof_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a at_o all_o that_o gavel-kind_n shall_v have_v any_o relation_n to_o the_o reddenda_fw-la in_o either_o and_o serious_o consider_v do_v plain_o contain_v a_o different_a use_n from_o either_o rent_n or_o purchase_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o those_o several_a grant_n produce_v by_o mr._n s._n in_o relation_n to_o the_o term_n as_o that_o of_o r._n dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la sancti_fw-la augustini_fw-la cantuar_n 4._o script_n 4._o shere_v somewhat_o be_v want_v i_o believe_v it_o shall_v be_v 〈…〉_o &_o ejusâ—am_fw-la loci_fw-la conventus_fw-la make_v to_o jordanus_n â—e_v sâ—res_n much_o his_o heir_n of_o xl._n acre_n of_o marshland_n be_v long_v to_o their_o manor_n of_o cistelet_n 6._o script_n 6._o and_o that_o of_o alan_n the_o prior_n and_o the_o convent_n of_o christ-church_n in_o canterbury_n unto_o theb._n de_fw-fr einesford_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o fourscore_o acre_n of_o land_n in_o their_o lordship_n of_o northocholt_n by_o they_o to_o be_v hold_v by_o rent_n and_o suit_n of_o court_n at_o orpinton_n add_v gavilikende_v 7._o script_n 7._o as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o same_o prior_n and_o convent_n to_o stephen_n de_fw-fr kinardentone_n of_o 〈◊〉_d acre_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n add_v gaveliâ—hinde_v again_o that_o deed_n of_o gaufridus_n the_o prior_n and_o the_o convent_n of_o christ-church_n canterbury_n to_o joni_n and_o his_o heir_n of_o a_o sheep_n pasture_n in_o osmundeseye_n tenend_n 8._o script_n 8._o say_v they_o de_fw-fr nobissuccessiuè_fw-la ad_fw-la gavel-kind_n by_o rent_n and_o that_o his_o heir_n successive_o shall_v give_v de_fw-fr relevio_fw-la lvis._n and_o suit_n of_o court_n at_o leysdum_fw-la all_o these_o grantee_n have_v by_o the_o virtue_n of_o these_o several_a grant_v a_o instatement_n into_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n which_o be_v a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o be_v to_o run_v in_o a_o parallel_n line_n with_o land_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n that_o be_v that_o the_o son_n or_o child_n of_o the_o possessor_n when_o decease_a shall_v hold_v those_o land_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o partition_n in_o gavelkynd_n and_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n in_o they_o as_o i_o can_v perceive_v all_o that_o i_o find_v be_v that_o the_o granter_n have_v create_v a_o estate_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n in_o case_n there_o have_v be_v none_o before_o none_o of_o they_o to_o my_o apprehension_n carry_v with_o they_o any_o notable_a antiquity_n lest_o of_o all_o to_o the_o purpose_n be_v that_o 5._o script_n 5._o in_o pag._n 178._o where_o it_o be_v say_v predecessores_fw-la dni_fw-la regis_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la manerium_fw-la de_fw-la wells_n in_o come_v cant._n postea_fw-la concessum_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la elcemosynam_n nunquam_fw-la partitum_fw-la fuit_fw-la nec_fw-la est_fw-la portibile_fw-la that_o be_v it_o be_v never_o part_v nor_o be_v partible_a to_o which_o all_o that_o i_o can_v say_v be_v that_o it_o never_o be_v nor_o be_v like_a to_o be_v so_o hold_v gavel-kynd-land_n but_o the_o pass_a discourse_n in_o this_o chapter_n only_o show_v the_o nature_n and_o tenure_n of_o such_o land_n and_o make_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o etymology_n or_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o true_a derivation_n of_o the_o word_n in_o contest_v to_o conclude_v mr._n s._n in_o page_n 150._o draw_v from_o his_o several_a discourse_n a_o double_a consectary_n as_o he_o be_v please_v to_o term_v it_o 1._o that_o the_o king_n may_v hold_v land_n in_o gavel-kind_n i_o must_v needs_o approve_v of_o it_o and_o in_o case_n the_o king_n do_v hold_v such_o land_n and_o at_o his_o decease_n leave_v several_a son_n behind_o he_o they_o must_v part_v it_o and_o that_o prince_n have_v so_o do_v i_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o the_o several_a example_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o of_o the_o german_a empire_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n hold_v land_n in_o gavel-kind_n in_o case_n he_o shall_v grant_v it_o away_o to_o any_o religious_a house_n in_o puram_fw-la &_o perpetuam_fw-la eleemosynam_fw-la in_o frank_a almoign_n it_o remain_v notwithstanding_o partible_a as_o before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o their_o hand_n at_o least_o who_o the_o religious_a man_n shall_v infeoff_v with_o it_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o i_o grant_v for_o if_o such_o land_n be_v give_v to_o any_o religious_a society_n they_o remain_v partible_a as_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v among_o the_o society_n and_o so_o do_v land_n of_o any_o other_o nature_n whatever_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v vest_v pass_v into_o a_o partible_a quality_n that_o be_v the_o whole_a body_n have_v a_o interest_n all_o member_n of_o that_o body_n receive_v part_n and_o share_v of_o the_o benefit_n but_o for_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o partition_n i_o can_v fancy_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v among_o they_o and_o then_o again_o it_o do_v not_o necessary_o follow_v that_o those_o that_o be_v by_o this_o society_n interest_v with_o the_o hold_n of_o those_o land_n under_o they_o shall_v hold_v they_o in_o the_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n for_o by_o such_o a_o grant_n as_o i_o say_v before_o in_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavel-kind_n the_o say_a society_n or_o body_n divest_v themselves_o of_o the_o fee-simple_n and_o invest_v the_o taker_n with_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n and_o again_o this_o must_v have_v a_o full_a reference_n to_o the_o society_n their_o manner_n of_o grant_v it_o and_o than_o it_o may_v
britain_n fol._n 14_o repulse_v by_o the_o britain_n ibid._n he_o conquer_a not_o britain_n ibid._n calumniare_fw-la in_o law_n what_o fol._n 65_o camolodunum_n fol._n 34_o cambria_n camber_n cwmrt_n cwmraeg_n fol._n 86_o cantref_n what_o fol._n 96_o canutus_n his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 141_o 142_o 143_o caractacus_n prince_n of_o the_o silures_n fol._n 34_o he_o assert_v the_o british_a liberty_n ibid._n his_o protestation_n before_o battle_n ibid._n castle_n on_o border_n of_o scotland_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 79_o cattle_n of_o more_o value_v than_o land_n fol._n 28_o cattle_n dischage_v fine_n &_o amerciament_n fol._n 29_o cerdiford_n in_o hampshire_n out_o of_o domesdey_n fol._n 65_o cennedl_n what_o fol._n 132_o character_n of_o saxon_a fol._n 76_o charter_n of_o saxon_a sign_v by_o the_o norman_a king_n fol._n 76_o change_n from_o villeinage_n to_o gavelkind_n fol._n 157_o 158_o chief_a justice_n fol._n 69_o chief_n in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 110_o chedder_n in_o somersetshire_n fol._n 117_o child_n no_o kindred_n to_o the_o parent_n fol._n 131_o churl_n what_o fol._n 168_o city_n their_o original_a fol._n 7_o claudius_n his_o temple_n fol._n 34_o claim_v and_o recovery_n of_o land_n against_o norman_n fol._n 65_o clergyman_n gentleman_n by_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 173_o clown_n or_o colonus_n what_o fol._n 168_o 177_o cohabitancia_n what_o fol._n 7_o conan_n tindaethwy_n fol._n 26_o conquest_n and_o conqueror_n what_o fol._n 56_o coverfeu_n fol._n 74_o constantine_n the_o great_a fol._n 87_o common_a law_n fol._n 69_o 145_o county_n not_o ancient_o in_o wales_n fol._n 94_o competition_n betwixt_o kent_n and_o urchenfield_n fol._n 106_o cornish_a understand_v base_a british_a and_o welsh_a fol._n 146_o cottager_n and_o cottage_n what_o fol._n 169_o cuntune_v in_o hampshire_n fol._n 66_o custom_n that_o be_v ancient_a fol._n 70_o 150_o custom_n of_o the_o welsh_a fol._n 71_o 132_o cwmmwd_n what_o fol._n 96_o custom_n and_o common_a right_a fol._n 152_o d._n d._n davies_n his_o welsh_a dictionary_n fol._n 98_o danelaege_n what_o fol._n 54_o 57_o 58_o danish_a impression_n on_o our_o law_n fol._n 54_o 55_o daniel_n samuel_n examine_v fol._n 57_o deed_n for_o gavelkind_a fol._n 124_o 125_o 126_o deed_n explain_v produce_v by_o mr._n s._n ibid._n discourse_n polemical_a much_o irregular_a fol._n 3_o division_n intestine_a facilitate_v conquest_n fol._n 16_o division_n of_o wales_n fol._n 96_o domboc_n what_o fol._n 53_o 54_o domesman_n what_o fol._n 110_o 111_o donald_n the_o 5_o lose_a scotland_n to_o the_o saxon_n etc._n etc._n fol._n 163_o 164_o ðâ—pihinge_n what_o fol._n 70_o druid_n fol._n 16_o the_o british_a judge_n fol._n 17_o their_o learning_n ibid._n their_o judicial_a employment_n ibid._n their_o determination_n of_o right_a ibid._n cause_v execution_n of_o penal_a law_n ibid._n britain_n their_o gymnasium_n fol._n 17_o they_o cease_v fol._n 19_o dubritius_fw-la prince_n and_o bishop_n fol._n 90_o dûn_n what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 116_o dun_n a_o paix_fw-fr in_o scotland_n fol._n 165_o 166_o dutch_a landscheuten_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o e._n edgar_z king_n his_o law_n what_o fol._n 54_o 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o edgar_n etheling_n fol._n 60_o edlin_n expound_v fol._n 49_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n fol._n 55_o confirm_v by_o the_o conqueror_n fol._n 58_o 59_o edward_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 51_o 52_o edwin_n and_o morchar_n earl_n fol._n 6â—_n edric_n silvaticus_n or_o savage_a fol._n 7â—_n elder_a son_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 49_o english_a recover_v land_n against_o the_o norman_n fol._n 65_o 66_o english_a normanize_v fol._n 76_o england_n fol._n 87_o english_a settle_v in_o scotland_n fol._n 162_o engine_n or_o urchinfield_n their_o king_n fol._n 44_o 45_o error_n once_o receive_v and_o take_v for_o grant_v fol._n 2_o erdisley_n in_o herefordshire_n fol._n 79_o escuage_z ancient_o fol._n 171_o ethelbert_n king_n his_o translation_n of_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 53_o ethelred_n king_n his_o law_n of_o trial_n fol._n 64_o eubages_fw-la british_a philosopher_n fol._n 20_o exchequer_n when_o erect_v fol._n 74_o f._n fashion_n saxon_a and_o norman_a fol._n 74_o 75_o fealty_n or_o allegiance_n very_o ancient_a fol._n 55_o fee_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la what_o fol._n 170_o 171._o fee-tayl_n its_o original_a fol._n 170_o feminine_a conduct_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 33_o feofamentum_fw-la vetus_fw-la &_o novum_fw-la fol._n 140_o fight_a form_n change_v by_o the_o english_a fol._n 77_o for-gavel_a fol._n 118_o fortification_n of_o roman_n saxon_n and_o norman_n fol._n 77_o 78_o 79_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n upon_o what_o ground_n to_o king_n william_n fol._n 67_o 68_o fortalices_fw-la fol._n 79_o fortify_v house_n ancient_a ib._n foster-children_n in_o wales_n divide_v with_o foster-brethren_n fol._n 28_o freeman_n or_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la what_o fol._n 108_o french_a do_v use_v partition_n fol._n 11_o french_a tenure_n of_o partition_n fol._n 12_o french_a how_o use_v in_o our_o law_n fol._n 69_o g._n gable_n gablum_fw-la gabulum_fw-la what_o fol._n 113_o 114_o 115_o gabelle_n among_o the_o french_a fol._n 114_o gablum_fw-la signify_v rend_v fol._n 116_o 117_o 158_o 159_o gablatores_fw-la fol._n 117_o gabella_n fol._n 123_o galfridus_n monumethensis_fw-la defend_v against_o polydore_n virgil_n fol._n 83_o gallic_a custom_n fol._n 11_o gallic_a colony_n fol._n 12_o gavel_n as_o mr._n s._n expound_v it_o what_o fol._n 112_o gavel-gyldam_a fol._n 119_o gavel-man_n fol._n 120_o gavelate_v a_o writ_n fol._n 121_o 122_o 123_o gavel_n in_o denomination_n fol._n 89_o 90_o in_o the_o british_a dictionary_n fol._n 92_o what_o it_o signify_v fol._n 92_o 93_o not_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n fol._n 95_o use_v in_o welsh_a subdivision_n of_o land_n fol._n 96_o several_a sort_n of_o gavel_n fol._n 102_o 103_o welsh_a law_n for_o gavelkynd_n fol._n 103_o 104_o 105_o 106_o gavelkynd_n a_o mark_n of_o the_o ancient_n briton_n fol._n 152_o 153_o the_o hinge_n of_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 155_o 156_o gavelkind_n in_o scotland_n fol._n 159_o gavelkind_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n fol._n 4_o in_o all_o first_o plantation_n fol._n 5_o antiquity_n of_o it_o fol._n 18_o 137_o among_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n fol._n 24_o the_o signification_n of_o it_o fol._n 26_o the_o evil_a and_o mischief_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o 81._o the_o best_a use_n of_o it_o fol._n 27_o that_o it_o be_v extra_fw-la cantium_n fol._n 89_o 151_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o term_n owe_v itself_o to_o partition_n fol._n 149_o gavelkind_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o wales_n fol._n 98_o practise_v in_o urchenfield_n fol._n 100_o hold_v rend_v free_a fol._n 123_o 124_o gavel-kind_n land_n in_o the_o king_n fol._n 128_o grant_v to_o hospital_n how_o fol._n 124_o 128_o 129_o grant_v to_o religious_a society_n fol._n 129_o not_o to_o be_v forfeit_v for_o felony_n fol._n 106_o 107_o garrison_n of_o norman_n in_o hereford_n before_o william_n the_o first_o fol._n 78_o gentleman_n by_o the_o british_a law_n fol._n 172_o 173_o german_a custom_n ancient_o fol._n 7_o german_a partition_n in_o principality_n fol._n 9_o 137_o german_a partition_n in_o private_a estate_n fol._n 9_o german_a partition_n evict_v by_o a_o jest_n fol._n 9_o 10_o german_a landscheutan_n what_o fol._n 136_o 137_o give-all-kynne_n fol._n 130_o 131_o gildas_n camberius_n translate_v molmutius_n law_n into_o latin_a fol._n 154_o glamorganshire_n conquer_a fol._n 94_o gothick_n work_v use_v by_o the_o saxon_n fol._n 80_o guorongus_n viceroy_n of_o kent_n fol._n 41_o gueily-gord_a what_o fol._n 105_o gymnasium_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v in_o britain_n fol._n 17_o h._n hacana_n and_o westanheconi_n what_o fol._n 44_o 45_o hecanae_n wulfhardus_fw-la episcopus_fw-la fol._n 44_o hengist_n and_o horsus_n fol._n 37_o hengists_n reception_n of_o kent_n examine_v fol._n 37_o etc._n etc._n how_o hengist_n have_v kent_n fol._n 45_o he_o alter_v not_o the_o kentish_a law_n fol._n 49_o heutland_n fol._n 90_o henry_n the_o first_o command_v the_o observation_n of_o king_n edward_n law_n fol._n 61_o his_o law_n of_o partition_n fol._n 144_o hereditary_a succession_n among_o the_o britain_n fol._n 18_o heriot_n fol._n 108_o herring-gable_n fol._n 116_o highlander_n in_o scotland_n ancient_o britain_n fol._n 160_o hony-gavel_a fol._n 118_o howeldha_n fol._n 25_o he_o make_v not_o the_o welsh_a law_n fol._n 153_o 154_o when_o those_o law_n ascribe_v to_o he_o be_v compile_v fol._n 97_o hugo_n the_o port_n against_o picot_n fol._n 66_o 67_o i._n i_o arsey_n isle_n fol._n 11._o 95_o no_o venomous_a creature_n therein_o ibid._n ina_n king_n his_o law_n concern_v the_o welsh_a fol._n 50_o 51._o 64_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n fol._n 32_o irish_a rhein-taloon_a or_o partition_n fol._n 99_o irish_a and_o welsh_a one_o language_n original_o fol._n 145_o irish_a and_o british_a law_n agree_v fol._n 153_o irish_a understand_v the_o manc_n and_o highland_n language_n fol._n 146_o ireland_n
who_o it_o seem_v have_v some_o preference_n by_o his_o primogeniture_n his_o gown_n undertake_v to_o show_v they_o a_o way_n of_o composure_n the_o duke_n grant_v for_o diversion_n rather_o than_o from_o any_o expectation_n of_o solid_a counsel_n his_o desire_n the_o jester_n retire_v into_o the_o conveniency_n of_o a_o near-adjoyning_a closet_n with_o his_o penknife_n cut_v the_o gown_n into_o long_a shred_n from_o the_o shoulder_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o in_o this_o injure_a and_o spoil_v form_n return_v with_o it_o on_o to_o the_o duke_n and_o council_n who_o wonder_v at_o this_o fancy_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o dukedom_n as_o yet_o be_v like_o the_o gown_n as_o it_o be_v late_o perfect_a and_o in_o order_n but_o that_o which_o be_v now_o insist_v upon_o be_v to_o render_v the_o dukedom_n as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o duke_n gown_n but_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a mishap_n among_o other_o such_o participant_n in_o these_o our_o day_n the_o late_a duke_n of_o brunswick_n do_v during_o his_o own_o life_n apportion_n his_o principality_n to_o his_o three_o son_n leave_v to_o each_o of_o they_o their_o allotment_n entire_a who_o also_o may_v each_o of_o they_o have_v claim_v share_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o provide_v it_o have_v not_o be_v end_v by_o comprimise_n the_o like_a tenure_n among_o the_o heritor_n of_o lower_n germany_n be_v very_o frequent_a especial_o in_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n mr._n s._n have_v save_v i_o the_o labour_n of_o show_v the_o usage_n of_o it_o in_o france_n demonstrate_v how_o it_o take_v place_n even_o in_o paris_n itself_o where_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o roturier_n by_o which_o name_n in_o like_a sort_n the_o tenure_n be_v also_o know_v and_o use_v over_o all_o the_o island_n of_o jersey_n except_v some_o few_o family_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o overspread_v all_o the_o dukedom_n of_o normandy_n this_o last-mentioned_a island_n be_v former_o a_o appertinent_a thereof_o all_o which_o consider_v make_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o relic_n of_o those_o ancient_a gallic_a custom_n take_v up_o and_o use_v upon_o the_o plantation_n of_o this_o part_n of_o the_o continent_n at_o the_o first_o and_o from_o hence_o in_o probability_n it_o be_v as_o some_o imagine_v that_o the_o britan_n of_o england_n must_v look_v for_o their_o true_a ancestry_n both_o as_o to_o custom_n language_n and_o progenitor_n concern_v which_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o to_o mr._n camden_n who_o labour_n have_v set_v up_o such_o a_o light_n as_o can_v never_o be_v extinguish_v who_o discourse_v of_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o britain_n misdoubt_v the_o history_n of_o brute_n faith_n that_o hereupon_o it_o may_v be_v conclude_v that_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n now_o call_v france_n and_o the_o britan_n of_o this_o isle_n speak_v one_o and_o the_o same_o language_n and_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n the_o original_a of_o the_o britan_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v unto_o the_o gaul_n for_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o france_n or_o gaul_n be_v people_v before_o britain_n as_o lie_v near_o unto_o armenia_n and_o that_o the_o gaul_n send_v out_o and_o plant_v their_o colony_n all_o abroad_o in_o italy_n spain_n germany_n thracia_n and_o asia_n much_o more_o than_o by_o all_o reason_n and_o congruity_n in_o britain_n so_o near_o and_o no_o less_o plenteous_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o dubartas_n do_v observe_v that_o most_o probable_o all_o plantation_n be_v by_o colohy_n out_o of_o the_o east_n which_o in_o time_n as_o it_o be_v gradatim_fw-la overspread_v the_o west_n and_o north_n and_o not_o ignobilis_fw-la not_o martiaus_n zeillerus_n in_o his_o hispaniae_n &_o lusitaniae_fw-la itinerarium_fw-la out_o of_o a_o deseription_n of_o france_n write_v by_o franciscus_n the_o rue_z write_v of_o the_o province_n of_o bigoâ—re_n tell_v we_o by_o way_n of_o wonder_n and_o special_a remark_n that_o mos_fw-la hic_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la ut_fw-la primogenitus_fw-la omnium_fw-la bodorum_fw-la paternorum_fw-la haeres_fw-la evadat_fw-la sive_fw-la nobilis_fw-la sive_fw-la ignobilis_fw-la only_a france_n but_o italy_n itself_o the_o garden_n of_o european_a policy_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v a_o colony_n also_o out_o of_o gauâ—_n think_v no_o dishonour_n to_o retain_v her_o old_a custom_n in_o preserve_v this_o tonure_v of_o partition_n of_o land_n from_o her_o first_o planter_n which_o be_v observe_v by_o one_o william_n thomas_n that_o write_v a_o description_n of_o italy_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1549._o who_o in_o his_o three_o chapter_n averr_v that_o the_o inheritance_n of_o land_n in_o italy_n go_v by_o gavelkind_n that_o be_v to_o wit_n one_o brother_n as_o good_a part_n as_o another_o so_o that_o if_o a_o conte_n which_o be_v as_o much_o to_o say_v as_o a_o earl_n have_v twenty_o son_n every_o one_o of_o they_o be_v call_v conte_n and_o the_o young_a have_v as_o good_a part_n in_o his_o father_n land_n and_o good_n as_o the_o elder_a unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o estate_n of_o prince_n as_o of_o mantova_n ferrara_n urbino_n and_o such_o other_o which_o the_o elder_a evermore_o enjoy_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n with_o change_n from_o wealth_n to_o poverty_n there_o be_v divers_a earl_n and_o marquis_n without_o land_n or_o good_n retain_v nevertheless_o the_o glory_n of_o that_o name_n to_o they_o and_o they_o for_o ever_o and_o i_o have_v read_v in_o a_o more_o modern_a author_n who_o do_v not_o ascribe_v it_o to_o any_o reason_n but_o only_o relate_v the_o bare_a state_n that_o there_o be_v several_a count_n in_o italy_n who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n such_o be_v the_o smallness_n to_o which_o their_o estate_n be_v reduce_v by_o this_o partition_n be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v a_o horse_n a_o hound_n and_o a_o whore_n mr._n thomas_n have_v happen_v right_a upon_o their_o tenure_n though_o he_o denominate_v it_o by_o such_o a_o term_n as_o be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o any_o italian_a but_o observe_v that_o the_o tenure_n be_v general_o among_o the_o family_n there_o except_v those_o who_o of_o latter_a day_n by_o force_n or_o fraud_n have_v wrest_v themselves_o from_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o in_o such_o place_n the_o elder_a son_n inherit_v whilst_o the_o other_o family_n still_o maintain_v their_o old_a custom_n though_o to_o the_o ruin_n and_o subversion_n both_o of_o name_n and_o family_n which_o custom_n can_v fancy_v to_o be_v a_o innovation_n of_o latter_a age_n but_o a_o impression_n from_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n when_o first_o they_o do_v spread_v themselves_o in_o colony_n over_o latium_n this_o for_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o general_a usage_n of_o this_o partition_n of_o land_n in_o most_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o the_o probability_n of_o its_o use_n among_o the_o first_o planter_n of_o any_o nation_n proceed_v we_o next_o to_o show_v as_o be_v very_a consonant_n to_o the_o investigation_n of_o the_o original_a of_o this_o tenure_n chap._n ii_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o britain_n when_o caesar_n find_v they_o that_o gavelkind_n be_v ancient_o among_o they_o of_o the_o british_a judge_n the_o druid_n of_o their_o bard_n of_o their_o tylwyth_n of_o their_o manner_n of_o partition_n and_o law_n concern_v their_o gavel_n julius_n caesar_n resolve_v upon_o a_o war_n against_o the_o britain_n for_o their_o frequent_a assist_v the_o gaul_n have_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o do_v with_o the_o cantiani_fw-la who_o he_o ennoblish_v with_o the_o character_n of_o be_v more_o civil_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o render_v the_o reason_n to_o be_v their_o fire_n upon_o the_o shore_n and_o so_o the_o more_o adapt_v for_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o the_o gaul_n who_o be_v general_o than_o more_o civilise_a than_o they_o these_o part_n upon_o caesar_n est_fw-la caesar_n beda_n cap._n 2._o writing_n of_o caesar_n preparation_n to_o invade_v britaany_n say_v navibus_fw-la ectoginta_fw-la praeparatis_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la transvehitur_fw-la ubi_fw-la acerbá_fw-la primum_fw-la pugnâ_fw-la satigatus_fw-la deinde_fw-la adversà _fw-la tempestate_fw-la correptus_fw-la plurimam_fw-la classis_fw-la partem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la parvum_fw-la numcrum_fw-la militum_fw-la equitum_fw-la verò_fw-la penè_fw-la omnem_fw-la disperdidit_fw-la iterum_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la primo_fw-la veer_fw-la transvectus_fw-la dum_fw-la ipse_fw-la in_o hostem_fw-la cum_fw-la ingenti_fw-la exercitu_fw-la pergit_fw-la nave_n in_o anchoris_fw-la stantes_fw-la tempestate_fw-la correptae_fw-la vel_fw-la collisae_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la dissolutae_fw-la sunt_fw-la exit_fw-la quibus_fw-la 40_o pericrunt_fw-la caeterae_fw-la cum_fw-la magna_fw-la difficultate_fw-la reparâ—tae_fw-la suat_fw-la caesaris_fw-la equitatus_fw-la primo_fw-la congressu_fw-la à _fw-la britannis_fw-la victus_fw-la ibidem_fw-la labienus_n tribunus_n occisus_fw-la est_fw-la second_o invasion_n first_o yield_v themselves_o unto_o he_o the_o second_o invasion_n i_o term_v
terrarum_fw-la domini_fw-la diligenter_n intendentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n so_o in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n edgar_n every_o year_n let_v there_o be_v say_v he_o tƿa_v scirgemot_a &_o ðaer_fw-mi beo_fw-la on_o ðaer_n sciregemote_a bisceoƿ_n &_o see_v ealdorman_n &_o þa_a aegþer_n taecan_fw-it ge_fw-mi god_n rihte_n ge_fw-mi ƿeoruld_v rihte_n i.e._n at_o the_o shire-gemote_a let_v the_o bishop_n and_o alderman_n be_v and_o there_o either_o of_o they_o teach_v god_n right_a and_o the_o world_n right_a which_o judgement_n of_o the_o vicenage_n and_o power_n of_o the_o county_n be_v equal_o use_v both_o in_o the_o time_n of_o saxon_a and_o norman_a government_n and_o so_o small_a be_v the_o alteration_n that_o happen_v at_o this_o time_n that_o in_o this_o often_o cite_a survey_n record_v there_o among_o many_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v this_o concern_v of_o the_o burrow_n of_o wallingford_n in_o berrochescire_fw-la which_o conclude_v thus_o modo_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o ipso_fw-la burgo_n consuetudines_fw-la omnes_fw-la ut_fw-la ante_fw-la fuerant_fw-la and_o so_o where_o it_o record_v the_o custom_n of_o urchenfield_n it_o say_v hae_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la erant_fw-la wallensium_n t.r.e._n id_fw-la est_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la for_o the_o man_n of_o urchenfield_n in_o ancient_a record_n be_v call_v welsh_a as_o this_o region_n be_v call_v wales_n for_o in_o the_o book_n of_o knights-fee_n in_o the_o exchequer_n it_o be_v write_v arcenefeld_n in_o wales_n respondere_fw-la tenetur_fw-la daon_n regi_fw-la etc._n etc._n shall_v i_o make_v a_o parallel_n of_o custom_n as_o well_o as_o law_n use_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n you_o will_v find_v they_o all_o one_o and_o both_o compare_v with_o the_o law_n of_o howel-dha_a to_o prove_v the_o same_o most_o with_o they_o also_o the_o peep_n in_o the_o saxon_a law_n be_v render_v aestimatio_fw-la capitis_fw-la and_o those_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n upon_o a_o offence_n it_o can_v not_o be_v pay_v neither_o by_o the_o criminal_a nor_o his_o kindred_n then_o be_v he_o to_o undergo_v a_o service_n for_o it_o somewhat_o of_o this_o nature_n be_v in_o the_o norman_a time_n for_o among_o the_o custom_n of_o lewes_n in_o domesdey-book_n i_o find_v that_o adulterium_fw-la vel_fw-la raptum_fw-la faciens_fw-la viij_o solid_n &_o four_o den._n emendat_fw-la homo_fw-la &_o faemina_fw-la tantundem_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la hominem_fw-la adulterum_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la faeminam_fw-la this_o be_v there_o set_v down_o as_o a_o ancient_a custom_n belong_v to_o that_o town_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o in_o the_o 11._o cap._n of_o his_o law_n it_o be_v thus_o upon_o a_o general_a account_n set_v down_o qui_fw-la uxoratus_fw-la faciet_fw-la adulterium_fw-la habeat_fw-la rex_fw-la ejus_fw-la vel_fw-la dominus_fw-la i_o believe_v ejus_fw-la shall_v be_v set_v after_o dominus_fw-la superiorem_fw-la episcopus_fw-la inferiorem_fw-la and_o these_o ƿere_n be_v sound_v corroborate_v by_o that_o name_n in_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n 1._o but_o in_o short_a you_o will_v find_v by_o this_o domesdey-book_n that_o in_o most_o place_n of_o england_n it_o be_v certify_v they_o have_v those_o very_a custom_n in_o the_o norman_a government_n which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n i_o know_v there_o be_v many_o jocular_a tenor_n but_o whether_o all_o of_o they_o that_o occur_v be_v invent_v or_o impose_v by_o the_o norman_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o because_o they_o do_v not_o interfere_v upon_o propriety_n nor_o injure_v their_o other_o custom_n one_o custom_n report_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o be_v the_o etc._n the_o judge_n dodaridge_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o peerage_n of_o england_n in_o his_o 16_o page_n show_v the_o manner_n of_o saxon_a sign_v to_o a_o charter_n of_o henry_n 8._o to_o his_o son_n edward_n when_o he_o be_v create_v prince_n of_o wales_n and_o earl_n of_o chester_n where_o it_o be_v conclude_v these_o be_v witness_n the_o reverend_a father_n john_n cardinal_n and_z archbishop_z of_o canterbury_n etc._n etc._n w._n archbishop_n of_o york_n etc._n etc._n seal_v of_o charter_n but_o as_o i_o have_v see_v a_o charter_n seal_v before_o the_o conquest_n so_o since_o the_o conquest_n i_o have_v see_v charter_n sign_v after_o the_o saxon_a mode_n both_o by_o william_n the_o first_o and_o his_o son_n henry_n that_o be_v to_o say_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o witness_n and_o cross_n before_o their_o name_n edward_n the_o confessor_n make_v a_o grant_n of_o some_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n of_o hereford_n and_o firm_v it_o with_o a_o seal_n which_o in_o one_o of_o their_o register_n book_n be_v describe_v to_o be_v preserve_v in_o panno_fw-la serico_fw-la and_o a_o memorandum_n also_o of_o the_o circumscription_n of_o the_o say_a seal_n to_o be_v this_o hoc_fw-la est_fw-la sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la and_o in_o very_a many_o place_n of_o domesdey-book_n it_o be_v record_v that_o land_n do_v pass_v to_o several_a people_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o king_n edward_n as_o in_o berckshire_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_n ecclesie_n abendoniensis_fw-la it_o be_v specify_v that_o anscil_n tenet_n sperfold_v de_fw-fr abbate_n edric_n tenuit_fw-la in_o alodio_n de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_n &_o potuit_fw-la ire_n quo_fw-la voluit_fw-la etc._n etc._n de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la manerio_fw-la scira_n attestatur_fw-la quod_fw-la edricus_fw-la qui_fw-la eum_fw-la tenebat_fw-la deliberavit_fw-la illum_fw-la filio_fw-la svo_fw-la qui_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o abendone_v monachus_n ut_fw-la ad_fw-la firmam_fw-la illud_fw-la teneret_fw-la &_o sibi_fw-la donec_fw-la viveret_fw-la necessaria_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la inde_fw-la donaret_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la vero_fw-la ejus_fw-la manerium_fw-la haberet_fw-la &_o ideo_fw-la nesciunt_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la scira_n quod_fw-la abbatie_fw-mi pertineat_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la inde_fw-la viderunt_fw-la brevem_fw-la regis_fw-la vel_fw-la sigillum_fw-la abbas_n vero_fw-la testatur_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o t._n r._n e._n misit_fw-la ille_fw-la manerium_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la unde_fw-la erat_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la habet_fw-la brevem_fw-la &_o sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la attestantibus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la monachis_fw-la suis_fw-la and_o in_o that_o county_n under_o the_o title_n of_o terra_fw-la henrici_fw-la de_fw-la ferieres_n be_v that_o ollavintone_n godricus_n vicecomes_a tenuit_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la edwardo_fw-la hanc_fw-la terram_fw-la dedit_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la de_fw-la sva_fw-la firma_fw-la godrico_fw-la &_o inde_fw-la viderunt_fw-la sigillum_fw-la ejus_fw-la homines_fw-la de_fw-la comitatu_fw-la praeter_fw-la istas_fw-la hidas_fw-la accepit_fw-la ipse_fw-la godricus_fw-la de_fw-la firma_fw-la regis_fw-la unam_fw-la v._n terre_fw-fr de_fw-fr qua_fw-la non_fw-la viderunt_fw-la sigillum_fw-la regis_fw-la you_o see_v by_o these_o that_o this_o seal_v be_v look_v upon_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o of_o great_a strength_n and_o efficacy_n to_o their_o validate_v of_o deed_n and_o conveyance_n i_o can_v willing_o grant_v that_o the_o coverfeu-bell_n continue_v in_o use_n till_o our_o day_n be_v a_o introduction_n of_o the_o norman_a conqueror_n and_o in_o that_o there_o be_v much_o reason_n and_o policy_n for_o no_o doubt_n but_o that_o in_o some_o place_n and_o country_n the_o norman_a soldier_n be_v enforce_v to_o lodge_v dispersedly_z and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a and_o convenient_a that_o the_o country_n shall_v observe_v that_o timely_a decorum_n and_o order_n not_o only_o beneficial_a to_o themselves_o but_o also_o to_o those_o enquarter_v who_o guard_n will_v be_v the_o more_o difintangle_v the_o more_o they_o have_v of_o freedom_n from_o the_o company_n and_o walk_n of_o the_o country_n people_n and_o as_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v then_o so_o to_o the_o same_o end_n at_o this_o day_n the_o taptoo_n be_v use_v in_o garrison_n and_o quarter_n by_o the_o beat_v of_o the_o drum_n what_o the_o inducement_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o coverfeu_n may_v be_v i_o know_v not_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o entertainment_n which_o the_o english_a bestow_v upon_o the_o dane_n on_o st._n brices_n evening_n and_o at_o this_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n there_o be_v in_o probability_n many_o live_v that_o be_v not_o only_a eye-witness_n but_o also_o actor_n in_o that_o tragedy_n another_o innovation_n receive_v at_o this_o time_n according_a to_o the_o account_n of_o some_o be_v the_o settlement_n of_o the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n of_o which_o campden_n out_o of_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n thus_o write_v that_o ab_fw-la ipsa_fw-la regni_fw-la conquisitione_n per_fw-la regem_fw-la gulielmum_fw-la facta_fw-la haec_fw-la curia_fw-la caepisse_v dicitur_fw-la sumpta_fw-la tamen_fw-la ejus_fw-la ratione_fw-la a_o scaccario_fw-la transmarino_fw-mi which_o be_v all_o the_o innovation_n that_o i_o at_o present_a can_v remember_v that_o be_v imaginable_a to_o be_v introduce_v at_o this_o juncture_n which_o if_o more_o be_v not_o considerable_a enough_o for_o to_o be_v a_o ground_n of_o so_o much_o exclamation_n i_o proceed_v to_o the_o
name_v lloigria_n or_o lloiger_n now_o difference_v from_o the_o other_o part_n by_o the_o name_n of_o england_n saison_n that_o be_v to_o say_v saxon_n who_o together_o with_o the_o jute_n a_o three_o sort_n of_o provincial_n that_o assist_v in_o the_o conquest_n of_o this_o part_n of_o brytanny_n be_v now_o under_o the_o single_a title_n of_o englishman_n these_o twmri_n also_o call_v the_o speech_n general_o speak_v in_o england_n saisnaeg_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n somewhat_o doubtless_o there_o be_v of_o extraordinary_a reason_n in_o these_o name_n of_o distinction_n and_o difference_n of_o cambria_n loigria_n and_o albania_n in_o case_n we_o can_v recover_v it_o but_o i_o be_o afraid_a the_o truth_n in_o this_o point_n be_v lose_v for_o the_o denomination_n of_o place_n from_o the_o name_n of_o man_n as_o it_o be_v a_o old_a and_o fond_a conceit_n so_o i_o think_v it_o a_o ill_a one_o enquiry_n one_o as_o itis_fw-la remark_v by_o sir_n j._n b._n and_o may_v be_v worth_a the_o enquiry_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v rather_o believe_v that_o brytannia_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o greek_a word_n bryton_n which_o signify_v vinum_fw-la hordeaceum_fw-la that_o british_a ale_n a_o drink_n how_o con-natural_a and_o ancient_o peculiar_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n will_v be_v now_o needless_a to_o discourse_n than_o that_o london_n be_v the_o refine_a issue_n of_o ludstown_n or_o england_n of_o hengists-land_n or_o scotland_n from_o one_o captain_n scoto_n but_o this_o ancient_a triplicite_a division_n whether_o the_o effect_n of_o brutus_n partition_n or_o no_o i_o will_v not_o maintain_v yet_o it_o be_v record_v by_o the_o same_o pen_n as_o give_v we_o our_o history_n of_o trojanism_n and_o may_v serve_v very_o well_o in_o answer_n to_o mr._n s_n jocular_a question_n since_o his_o question_n be_v a_o question_n take_v for_o grant_v neither_o will_v i_o aver_v or_o much_o insist_v upon_o that_o action_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a who_o being_n brytain_n and_o so_o probable_o experience_v in_o the_o british_a custom_n that_o he_o upon_o this_o ground_n or_o custom_n of_o partition_n use_v among_o the_o britain_n his_o countryman_n do_v divide_v the_o then_o entire_a roman_a empire_n between_o his_o two_o son_n by_o he_o i_o say_v this_o division_n and_o partition_n be_v make_v be_v the_o reason_n or_o ground_n of_o it_o what_o they_o will_v and_o upon_o this_o division_n be_v difference_v and_o distinguish_v by_o the_o appellation_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a empire_n which_o afterward_o again_o return_v into_o a_o single_a person_n come_v to_o theodosius_n who_o 1._o who_o procop._n belgiosa_n vandalic_a l._n 1._o c._n 1._o procopius_n call_v a_o most_o just_a prince_n and_o a_o great_a soldier_n he_o have_v two_o son_n who_o after_o his_o death_n succeed_v in_o the_o empire_n arcadius_n the_o elder_a in_o the_o eastern_a and_o honorius_n in_o the_o western_a empire_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n viz._n that_o which_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n have_v make_v so_o that_o the_o use_n or_o custom_n of_o partition_n in_o empire_n as_o well_o as_o in_o private_a man_n land_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n i_o proceed_v now_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v chap._n vi_o gavelkind_a in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n beside_o kent_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n gavel_n use_v in_o denomination_n of_o place_n how_o use_v among_o the_o welsh_a of_o the_o word_n llan_n of_o the_o norman_n invasion_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o wales_n the_o use_n of_o gavell_n in_o the_o division_n of_o that_o territory_n and_o exposition_n thereof_o in_o the_o welsh_a vocabulary_a mr._n s._n be_v much_o give_v to_o think_v that_o this_o tenure_n of_o gavelkind_n be_v a_o singular_a appurtenance_n to_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n for_o in_o the_o first_o page_n of_o his_o book_n as_o the_o theme_n of_o his_o 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tract_n will_v help_v to_o clear_v the_o contrary_a as_o in_o particular_a where_o he_o testify_v pag._n 48._o that_o socage_n land_n in_o general_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o partition_n and_o by_o custom_n may_v be_v and_o in_o many_o place_n extra_fw-la cantium_n be_v partible_a now_o so_o it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v no_o county_n in_o england_n but_o have_v land_n hold_v in_o socage_n tenure_n and_o upon_o that_o reason_n be_v capable_a of_o partition_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n where_o the_o word_n be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o and_o more_o to_o a_o just_a and_o proper_a signification_n than_o in_o any_o other_o place_n or_o by_o any_o other_o language_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o but_o mr._n s._n from_o its_o very_a denomination_n under_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o i_o mean_v will_v persuade_v we_o to_o a_o belief_n of_o its_o singularity_n in_o kent_n which_o i_o can_v admit_v for_o notwithstanding_o he_o have_v not_o find_v any_o 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coemeterium_fw-la vel_fw-la aream_fw-la templi_fw-la let_v it_o be_v either_o church_n or_o church-yard_n it_o do_v intimate_v a_o religious_a dedication_n and_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v at_o this_o day_n many_o place_n that_o have_v the_o praefix_v of_o llan_n unto_o they_o where_o no_o church_n be_v to_o be_v find_v yet_o if_o search_v into_o and_o trace_v to_o their_o foundation_n will_v discover_v some_o such_o appropriation_n and_o intendment_n so_o i_o find_v in_o the_o forem_fw-la ntion_v region_n of_o urchenfield_n a_o certain_a parish_n call_v hen-ilan_a common_o hentland_n which_o in_o the_o english_a tongue_n signify_v the_o old-church_n and_o in_o certain_a pasture_n belong_v to_o a_o farm_n in_o that_o parish_n there_o be_v a_o place_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v llanfrawtwr_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v the_o church_n or_o convent_n of_o the_o brethren_n the_o site_n whereof_o be_v upon_o a_o small_a hill_n not_o half_o a_o mile_n distant_a
the_o name_n but_o what_o refer_v to_o the_o tenure_n of_o partition_n the_o britain_n enjoy_v that_o part_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o saxon_a government_n and_o have_v not_o any_o fix_a impression_n upon_o they_o by_o any_o before_o the_o norman_n who_o over_o this_o county_n at_o last_o stretch_v their_o victorious_a arm_n after_o many_o various_a success_n on_o both_o part_n and_o stout_a defence_n make_v by_o the_o welsh_a for_o their_o land_n and_o propriety_n enjoy_v it_o partly_o by_o force_n and_o partly_o by_o composition_n and_o agreement_n as_o the_o private_a family_n history_n do_v manifest_a which_o i_o have_v see_v for_o there_o be_v several_a â—_z of_o the_o great_a note_n in_o that_o country_n that_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v testimony_n of_o enjoy_v their_o land_n and_o birth_n in_o that_o circuit_n of_o land_n for_o shire_n and_o country_n be_v not_o of_o a_o welsh_a institution_n before_o the_o norman_a conquest_n so_o that_o by_o this_o it_o be_v probable_a they_o do_v not_o subvert_v all_o neither_o be_v they_o in_o quire_n about_o abergavenny_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n fitz_n empress_n gyraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la relate_v a_o series_n of_o their_o action_n in_o those_o part_n but_o to_o leave_v these_o story_n i_o think_v it_o least_o of_o all_o probable_a that_o the_o norman_n will_v borrow_v a_o kentish_a word_n to_o denominate_v any_o thing_n to_o their_o british_a tenant_n or_o plant_v it_o there_o as_o a_o kentish_a custom_n see_v in_o case_n the_o derivation_n according_a to_o mr_n s's_fw-fr opinion_n shall_v prove_v true_a this_o denomination_n be_v as_o much_o unknown_a to_o the_o norman_n themselves_o as_o possible_o it_o can_v be_v unto_o the_o britain_n and_o alike_o to_o both_o of_o they_o if_o the_o norman_n have_v find_v a_o necessity_n of_o make_v a_o intelligible_a expression_n and_o appellation_n of_o such_o a_o custom_n of_o partition_n certain_o i_o shall_v have_v meet_v among_o they_o with_o the_o roturier_n which_o i_o understand_v be_v in_o use_n over_o all_o france_n at_o this_o day_n and_o very_o frequent_o in_o normandy_n the_o island_n of_o jersey_n parcel_n of_o the_o norman_a dukedom_n retain_v still_o this_o custom_n to_o this_o day_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o roturier_n whilst_o her_o sister_n guernesey_n have_v no_o footstep_n of_o it_o but_o be_v as_o different_a in_o their_o tenor_n as_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o soil_n for_o in_o one_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v like_o as_o in_o ireland_n no_o toad_n spider_n or_o venomous_a creature_n will_v live_v whilst_o in_o the_o other_o they_o have_v they_o in_o distasteful_a abundance_n but_o even_o now_o i_o touch_v upon_o the_o saxon_a division_n of_o shire_n and_o county_n and_o tell_v you_o it_o be_v not_o the_o british_a policy_n which_o put_v i_o in_o mind_n of_o that_o order_n that_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o welsh_a and_o rectify_v by_o howel-dda_a in_o the_o order_n of_o his_o principality_n with_o the_o careful_a intermixture_n of_o civil-descent_n and_o military_a disposition_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v something_o to_o our_o matter_n in_o hand_n worthy_a the_o notice_n the_o description_n as_o humfride_fw-la lloyd_n have_v write_v out_o of_o the_o law_n and_o ordinance_n of_o that_o prince_n be_v in_o short_a thus_o first_o a_o cantref_n which_o have_v its_o denomination_n from_o one_o hundred_o town_n and_o signify_v as_o much_o under_o which_o be_v so_o many_o commot_n which_o the_o welsh_a call_v cwmmwd_n and_o signify_v provincia_n regio_n cohabitancia_n and_o confisted_a of_o twelve_o manor_n or_o circuit_n and_o two_o township_n there_o be_v four_o township_n to_o every_o circuit_n or_o manor_n and_o every_o township_n comprehend_v four_o gavel_n every_o gavel_n have_v four_o rhandir_n and_o four_o tenement_n be_v constitute_v under_o every_o rhandir_n of_o gavel_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o before_o that_o it_o signify_v tenura_n a_o tenure_n rhandir_n be_v a_o word_n that_o admit_v not_o of_o any_o proper_a sign_n ficancy_n in_o our_o english_a speech_n but_o be_v by_o doctor_n davies_n render_v pars_fw-la aut_fw-la sors_z haereditaria_fw-la from_o the_o verb_n rhannu_fw-fr partiâ—i_fw-fr distribuere_fw-la these_o division_n be_v set_v out_o by_o he_o as_o it_o be_v into_o a_o proper_a and_o peaccable_a conveyance_n and_o conduit-pipe_n for_o the_o land_n of_o his_o principality_n which_o be_v liable_a to_o this_o partition_n so_o that_o we_o find_v in_o every_o township_n four_o gavel_n which_o be_v four_o great_a hold_n or_o tenor_n out_o of_o which_o i_o can_v find_v the_o prince_n have_v any_o rent_n for_o that_o the_o gentry_n hold_v their_o land_n very_o free_a from_o any_o base_a service_n only_o subject_v to_o their_o military_a policy_n and_o provision_n the_o prince_n his_o own_o maintenance_n that_o so_o he_o may_v be_v oblige_v to_o a_o respect_n and_o care_n of_o every_o particular_a in_o his_o principality_n be_v set_v out_o in_o every_o cwmmwd_n or_o commot_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o confisted_a of_o twelve_o manor_n or_o circuit_n and_o two_o township_n which_o two_o township_n be_v belong_v to_o the_o prince_n through_o out_o each_o commot_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o in_o the_o person_n of_o this_o howel_n the_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n be_v unite_v as_o himself_o in_o the_o authorens_n the_o m_o s._n penes_fw-la authorens_n prooemium_fw-la of_o his_o law_n do_v declare_v this_o gavel_n in_o the_o description_n aforesaid_a seem_v to_o be_v a_o large_a apportionment_n of_o land_n belong_v to_o a_o report_n a_o which_o by_o the_o irish_a be_v call_v canfimiy_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o their_o gavel_n or_o rhin-taloon_a see_v davies_n his_o irish_a report_n pen-cennedl_a or_o chief_a of_o a_o family_n or_o clan_n and_o do_v per_fw-la eminentiam_fw-la signify_v the_o tenure_n that_o be_v to_o say_v their_o gavel_n this_o be_v only_o or_o at_o the_o least_o most_o notable_o know_v by_o they_o so_o that_o every_o pen-cennedl_a in_o his_o gavel_n have_v four_o rhandir_n that_o be_v sort_n or_o part_n hereditariae_fw-la ready_a divide_v and_o apportion_v for_o his_o cennedl_n or_o generation_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o also_o a_o sub-division_n of_o many_o tenement_n under_o the_o rhandir_n show_v perfect_o a_o gavel_n tenure_n or_o hold_v exact_o observe_v even_o in_o their_o general_a partition_n of_o land_n and_o this_o so_o ancient_a at_o least_o as_o the_o time_n when_o howel-dda_a collect_v these_o law_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 942._o so_o that_o the_o true_a genuine_a signification_n of_o all_o be_v tota_n part_v hereditariae_fw-la in_o tenura_n that_o be_v each_o gavel_n or_o tenure_n do_v consist_v of_o so_o many_o rhandir_n or_o hereditary_a division_n ready_a part_v each_o of_o these_o tenor_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o order_v as_o to_o admit_v of_o a_o division_n and_o if_o need_n be_v of_o sub-division_n also_o that_o so_o a_o township_n may_v the_o more_o apt_o be_v constitute_v for_o the_o execution_n of_o this_o common_a tenure_n and_o these_o so_o hold_v in_o or_o rather_o by_o their_o gafael_n be_v not_o only_o the_o ancient_a villati_fw-la or_o villani_n among_o the_o britain_n but_o also_o the_o gentry_n lord_n and_o prince_n himself_o be_v subject_a to_o it_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n viz._n gavel_n to_o a_o proper_a signification_n i_o have_v show_v and_o that_o also_o extra_n cantium_n to_o which_o county_n mr._n s._n do_v labour_n to_o monopolise_v it_o and_o the_o use_n thereof_o for_o several_a hundred_o of_o year_n past_a even_o at_o such_o a_o time_n when_o the_o correspondency_n in_o probability_n betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n be_v so_o small_a and_o the_o odium_n so_o great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o unforgotten_a intrusion_n of_o the_o last_o that_o in_o that_o continue_a state_n of_o war_n it_o be_v not_o probable_a they_o will_v have_v accept_v of_o any_o saxon_a custom_n by_o a_o name_n so_o insignificant_a to_o the_o thing_n as_o ancient_o the_o etymology_n of_o it_o be_v receive_v or_o so_o little_a to_o the_o matter_n as_o mr._n s_n novel_a exposition_n will_v render_v it_o or_o to_o the_o rational_a use_n thereof_o but_o i_o have_v already_o show_v in_o the_o foregoing_a discourse_n in_o what_o sense_n the_o britain_n have_v receive_v it_o and_o also_o what_o doctor_n davies_n in_o his_o cambro-british_a dictionary_n which_o in_o my_o judgement_n be_v a_o elaborate_v and_o critical_a piece_n have_v say_v and_o exemplify_v thereupon_o for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o not_o only_o affirm_v gafaelu_n by_o english_a letter_n pronounce_v gavay_o to_o signify_v tenere_fw-la to_o hold_v as_o before_o i_o have_v say_v but_o also_o gafael_n by_o english_a letter_n speak_v gavel_n the_o word_n in_o controversy_n to_o be_v tenura_n a_o hold_n but_o for_o the_o statutum_n walliae_n which_o mr._n s._n discourse_v