which was afterward Edward I. vt maturiùs ad res gerendas grauiores experiens redderetur fit Walliae Princeps simúlque Aquitaniae ac Hyberniae praefectus Vnde natum vt deinceps vnusquisque Rex hoc secutus institutum Filium maiorem natu Walliae Principem facere consueuerit It is true that Wales with Gascoigne Ireland and some other Territories in England were giuen to this Prince Edward vppon his marriage with Elianor daughter to Alfonso King of Spain Yet the Principality of Wales was not in that gift so speciall to this purpose For after the other it comes in the Patent in these words only k Archiu 39. Hen. 3. Vnà cum conquestu nostro Walliae When this Edward was King he made his sonne Edward of Caernaruan Prince of Wales a more particular course in policie vsd about it is in som of our stories whither I referre you and by that name and Earle of Chester sommond him to Parliament But all these made nothing to inuest the Title perpetually in the Heirs apparant although some haue deliuerd otherwise For this Edward of Caernaruan afterward Edward II. sommond his eldest sonne Prince Edward by the name of Earle of Chester and Flint only But when this Prince was King Edward III. he in Parliament first creats his sonne the Black Prince Duke of Cornwall quod primogenitus filius Regis Angliae qui foret hereditabilis Regno Angliae foret Dux Cornubiae quod Ducatus Cornubiae foret semper extunc primogenitis filijs Regum Angliae qui foret proximus haeres predicto Regno and giues him diuers possessions annext to the Duchie l Pat. 11. Ed. 3. memb 1. chart 1 Tenendum eidem Duci ipsius haeredum suorum Regum Angliae Filijs primogenitis et dicti loci Ducibus Since when the eldest sonnes of our Soueraigns haue been by law accounted Dukes of Cornwall in the first instant of their birth Neither only the eldest in respect of absolut primogeniture but also the second or other after the death of the first or former on whom this Title was so cast as it was lately resolud vpon good and mature reason grounded by diuers autorities and presidents for the now most noble Prince Charles Not long after the same Black Prince was inuested in the Principality of Wales Tenendum sibi heredibus Regibus Angliae since when neither is the true beginning of this Title of any other time The heirs apparant haue been honord with PRINCE OF WALES some hauing been created in like forme others only calld so The last creation was in that most hopefull blossom vntimely cropt out of Britains Garden Prince Henry whose title also was often Prince of Great Britain In Scotland the eldest sonne heire is born PRINCE OF SCOTLAND Duke of Rothsay and Stewart of the Kingdom The title of Duke of Rothsay hath so been since m Circa câ—â— cccc Robert III. first honord his eldest sonne Prince Dauid with it Yet Henry Lord Darley had it also before his marriage with Queen Mary And as Rothsay to the eldest so the Earldom of Rosse is in Scotland to the second sonne Thus speaks the n Parl. 9. Iacob 3. cap. 71. act of Parliament vnder Iames III. Our Souueraigne Lord with consent of his three Estaites of the Realme annexis till his Crowne the Earledome of Rosse with the Pertinents to remaine thereat for euer Swa that it sall not be leiffull to his hienesse or his aires nor his successoures to make alienation of the saide Erledome or ony part thereof fra his Crowne in ony wise saifand that it salbe leiffull to him and them to giue the said Erledome at their pleasance till any of his or their secunde sonnes lauchfully to be begotten twixt him and the Queene So in a manner are the Appanages in France and the Duchie of York with vs and the like In imitation of the English honor of Prince of Wales the INFANT and heir of SPAIN Infant is but o Infantes dicti passim Regum filij Roderico Toletano Rod. Santio vt Hispanicè Infantes Sonne or Child as in France les enfans le Roy had the title of Prince of Astura Principe de las Asturias which began first in Henry sonne of Iohn 1. King of Castile and Lions and afterward Henry III. of that Dominion to whom Iohn q Ita Stephanus de Garibay in Compend Histor. Hisp. lib. 15. cap. 25. ab co vulgus quòd Principem Hispaniae siue Castellae compellant Haeredem Regni arguitur of Gaunts daughter Catharine was giuen in marriage Som of their p Roderic Sant part 4. cap 22. Duque de Alencastre in Stephan de Garibay Stories ignorantly stile him Dux Alencastriae and Glocestriae aiming questionles at Lancastriae and Leicestriae for he was Earl of Leicester To that Henry and Catharine Vt Asturum Principes vocarentur datum saith Mariana more ex Anglia translato vbi Regum filij maiores Walliae Principes nominantur quod ab hoc initio susceptum ad nostram aetatem conseruatur vt Castellae Regum maiores Filij Asturum Principes sint quibus annis consequentibus Vbeda Biatia Illiturgisque sunt adiectae In the Spanish Pragmatica of câ—â— D. LXXXVI For Titles it is ordered that the Infants and Infantas of Spain shall only haue the Title of Highnesse And in the top of Letters to them shall be only writen My Lord Sennor and in the end God keep your Highnesse only and vpon the Superscription To my Lord the Infant Don N. or To my Lady the Infanta Donna N. And that Highnesse without addition is to bee vnderstood only of the Prince heir and successor Dux in the times before the Caesarean Empire And in it Limitum Duces Ducatus Tunicae Ducales Ducianum iudicium Comites and the beginning of the Honorary Comitiua vnder Constantine His Counts of three Ranks The President of making a Count of the first Rank Dukes and Counts of the first Rank made equall Comitiua Vacans and Honorarie Titles without gouernment or administration giuen about the declining Empire 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Kings Friend 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the later Greek Empire Comitiua Secundi Ordinis How the name of Count was both equall and vnder Duke Dukes and Counts at will of their supreme anciently If a Duke then should haue XII Counties vnder him The beginning of this and other Titles to be Feudall and hereditarie in the Empire The ceremony of giuing Prouinces by deliuering of one or more Banners The making of the Marquisat of Austria a Dukedom The Archdukes name his habit and Crown in ancient Charters Imperiall Magnus Dux Lithuaniae 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hereditarily giuen by Constantine the great to the Prince of Athens vpon weak credit Power giuen to the Duke of Austria being made a King to create a Duke of Carniola The difference of Dukes in the Empire Who of them
man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that first built Cities and Temples and was the first King on Earth Others of them tell of Lycosura r Pausan. lib. 8. in Arcadie to be the first Citie erected vnder heauen Nay some of later s Constant Manasses in Annalibus times and Christians haue translated the title of the first Monarchie into Egypt as if they had not read holy Writ but rather followed t Trogus hist. 1. them which tell vs that Uexoris King of Egypt and Tanaus King of Scythia preceded the Assyrian Monarchie Indeed the storie of Abraham iustifies great Antiquitie in the Egyptian Pharaoh's and in Europe that Aegialeus K. of the Sicyonians rightly challengeth perhaps as much But wee can relie for truth herein only vpon Moses and must slight both those fabulous reports of Grecians and others as also what occurres in the fragments of the true Berosus Hestiaeus Alex. Polyhistor Adiaben Iulius African and the like touching who raigned before Nimrod and the Floud For the Chaldeans from whom some of these had their originall relations pretended that they had a true storie remaining in Babylon of u 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alex. Polyhist ap Euseb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CL. M. yeers Diodore and Cicero speak of a farre greater number but this is enough in which they reckoned discents of Kings part whereof yet remain's incapable of likelyhood in some of those autors As them for this point so much more haue we here neglected those Annians and counterfeits Archilochus Xenophon Berosus autres quimenteurs Abusent du loisir bonté des lecteurs as the noble Du Bartas of them King and Emperor Whence and what was Emperor How the Roman Emperors reckoned their Yeers The Hate in Rome to the name of Rex How their Emperors abstain'd from it Who of them first ware a Diadem At length others called them Kings but they wrote themselues alwaies Emperors The two Titles as indifferent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a vsuall word for Emperor The Coat of Constantinople and its signification Differences twixt the Emperors of the East and West about the titles of Basileus and Rex and Emperor and letters twixt them about it The King of Bulgaries prerogatiue To the Prince of Sicily anciently Rex hereditary Emperor vsed by other Princes By the Kings of England Their Supremacie from Papall power free anciently By the K. of Spaine The Flattering Rules of Ciuilians touching their Emperor Notaries in Scotland which with other Kingdoms hath as suprem power respectiuely as the Empire in making them The Duke King or Emperor of Russia or Moscouy Czar To whom he vsed not in his title King or Emperor Subiect-Kings Bohemia made a Kingdom A Sword vsually giuen in making a Subiect-King Danemark Letters of Ph. de Valois touching Ed. III. his not stiling him King To whom the title of King is truly due The English Heptarchie alwaies vnder One supreme England how and when named The King of Man Of the Wight Of Ireland subiect-Kings Henrie III. his Letters to the K. of Man King of Kings by whom vsed The storie of Iudith vnknown but from Europe to the Iewes The Great King Custome of giuing Earth and Water in acknowledgement of subiection Herbam dare Liuerie and seisin of England to the Norman Rex Regum vsed by the Kings of England Edgar and Athelstan their greatnes Particular right of the title of Emperor anciently in the Kings of this I le Constantine the Great was born in Britain with more speciall authoritie for it then any hath vsed Honor to the Emperors in Kissing their Feet Hands Knees Kisses of salutation among the Persians Adoration what it is properly Kisses of Ciuill Duty in most Nations Osculum Pacis and after Praiers In Homages An act that none should Kisse the King in Homage The Notation of our words King and Queen The British Cuno Words in diuers languages for King CHAP. II. BY King and Emperor haue been and still are most supreme Princes titled Yet so that for continued Maiesty and note of powerfull Rule in both those affections of State Peace and Warre the first was of ancient time the greater and that of Emperor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Imperator or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the Generall of an Armie was for any which had to him committed supremacie in Martiall dscipline although but for some particular hoast In the Roman storie occurres frequent testimonie of it And thence came it that Iulius Caesar being Dictator and a Generall after he had gotten euen the Monarchie of Rome wrote himselfe in his Edicts and Coins AΥTOKPATΩP DICTATOR PERPETVO IMPERATOR the first and last of which titles continued in his successors But it is obseruable to this purpose that by neither of those were the yeers of their Empire reckoned but a long time by their Tribunitian Power beginning in Octauian whence they were as sacred against all violence and wrongs Amongst many one Coin thus inscribed shewes it IMP. CAESAR AVGVST PON. MAX. TR. POT XVI COS. XI IMP. XIIII which was made in the XVI yeer from the States giuing him that inuiolable title The number added to IMP. beeing only so often increased in his and others Coins as they had by themselues or their Generalls performed some a Dio Cassius hist. 53. great matter in the Warres In the infancie of their Empire they abstained purposely from the name of Rex or King being a word grown odious to Roman libertie after Brutus his plucking it out of Tarquin's hands In solemne memorie wherof they yeerly celebrated on the VII kl of March the XXIII of our Februarie their feast Regifugium As also they prouided that no concurse for Marchandise in the Citie should euer happen vpon the Nones of any month Seruius Tullius his birth day they knew was in thè Nones but not of what month and therefore they prouided it b Macrob. Saturnal 1. cap. 13 Veriti ne quid Nundinis collecta Vniuersitas ob regis desiderium nouaret And to palliat som part of his ambitions I. Caesar himselfe beeing saluted King by the multitude but withall perceiuing it very distastfull to the State by the Tribun's pulling off the white fillet from his Lawrell answerd Caesarem se non Regem esse refusing vtterly also and consecrating the Diadem which Antony would haue often put on his head to Iupiter For the same reason did Octauian abstain from the name of Romulus which yet he much affected Alike was the dissimulation of the next Tiberius vnder whom were eadem magistratuum vocabula as Tacitus his words are which were before but the sum and sway of things was ingrost and cunningly kept vnder One differing in name rather then nature from a King as hee well obserued that subscribed Iulius his statue with Brutus quia Reges elecit Consul primò factus est Hic quia Consules eiecit Rex postremò factus est The more
proper name of them and their Greatnes was Princeps and Principatus and one of their own c Tranquill. in Calig cap. 22. Writers of Caligula thus Nec multum abfuit quin statim Diadema sumeret speciémque Principatus in Regni formam conuerteret For these royall habiliments they were at length vsed by d In Epitome sed videsis cap. vlt. huius libri plura de hac re Aurelian about CC LXX after Christ. Iste saith Victor of him primus apud Romanos Diadema capiti innexuit gemmisque auratâ omni veste quod adhuc ferè incognitum Romanis moribus videbatur vsus est Yet nor hee nor others long after him vsed the title of King in their Letters Commissions Embassages nor otherwise but alwaies e 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Imperator Emperor Which expressely is deliuerd by f Synes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 one liuing vnder Arcadius in CCCC of Christ shewing also that it was then vsual in others writings and speeches of them to haue them stiled Kings 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith he to the Emperor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Wee thinke you worthy of the Name and so call you f V. Lamprid. in vita AlexaÌ„d Seueri versus ibidem de lepore Kings and write you so But you whether you know so much or not yet agreeing to custom haue seemed to dislike so swelling a Title And indeed the autors of the Augustan Storie before that time haue Regnum for the State of Rome The dislike of Rex growing out of fashion as specially appears in the chusing of Regillianus Generall in Illyricum to bee Emperor as it were on a suddain iest when one had deriued his name in declining Rex Regis Regi Regillianus the acclamations presently g Trebell Poll. in 30. Tyrannis following Ergo potest nos regere Ergo potest Rex esse This was about Gallien's time some CCLX after our Sauiour Vlpian a great Lawier vnder Alexander Seuerus calls it h D. de Const. Princip l. 1. Lex Regia which transferd the peoples power to the Emperor And the Grecians called them i Athenagor in inscript Apolog. alij passim 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Kings as by their own men they haue been in middle times often titled and by the Ebrews The learned Druse k Praeteritor lib. 9. notes that hee had a book inscribed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the Roman Kings being the liues of the Emperors And in Luke III. where the originall is in the XV. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. of the Empire of Tiberius the Syriaque turns it of the l 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Reign or Kingdom Paules appeale according to the m Act. Apost ex Arabic per Fr. Iunium c. 45 Arabique is Regem Caesarem ego appello agreeable to the Emperors n 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 titles in the liues of the foure Euangelists in that language Nor could the Constantinopolitan Emperors find greater titles for themselues or fitter then King If you regard how others vnder them applied the name examples are familâ—ar in the o Concil Ephesin ibi Cyrillus He siâ—â—ius qui sub Anastasio floruit in Constantinopoleos descript Procopius alij Acts of their Councells Histories and such like If how they themselues read the titles of Iustinians Nouells which they call Authentiques and in them it will appear that the names of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 were indifferent although the Latin Translation hath him alwayes by name of Imperator The same is iustified by Theophilus his Greek translation of the Institutions And that great Volum of Lawes published by their Emperor Leo about DCCCC comprehending a collection out of the Digests Code Nouells and other Imperialls was titled p Harmenopul in praefat ad 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cuiac Obseruat 6. cap. 9. de ijs plura 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if you should say the Kings Lawes wher 〈…〉 an Epitome is now q Synopsis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à Leunclauio edita only left and in that the Laitne r Lib. 2. tit 6. vbi l. 31. ff de leg Sen. alibi Princeps or Imperator is often turned into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which their supposed Coat also of later time being foure Betaes iustifies The Betaes are s Bodin de Rep. 1. cap. 9. interpreted as the sigles of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the King of Kings reigning ouer Kings So that at length the name of Emperor and King grew to bee as one although the Romans so much for remembrance of their libertie at first distinguisht them But in the deuided Empires vpon new occasions came much affected differences of these names The Western Emperors in regard that the States of the Gothes Lombards and Franks which had ouerrun and possest much part of the Empire were called Kingdoms and their Heads Kings rather desired the name of Emperor as a note in account of greater maiestie After the translation of the Empire from Constantinople to the French the Eastern Princes continuing still their name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which they supposed the greater title and were at first not much against the allowing of it to the Western Emperors as appears in the Embassadors of Michael Curopalata to Charles the great who for confirmation of a league came to him at Aix scriptum pacti as my t Auonym in Annal Franc. ann 812. Vit. Caroli Magni Author saies ab eo in Ecclesia suscipientes more suo id est Graecâ linguá laudes ei dixerunt Imperatorem Basileum appellantes Which was a name afterward although meer Greek bestowed on Charles his successors by their Monks preferring it far before the Latin Rex One u Abbo Floriac de Obsid Lutet 1. of them thus of Charles surnamed Crassus Vrbs mandata fuit Karolo nobis Basiléo Imperio cuius regitur totus propè Cosmus Which is an essay also of that ages vnhappie affectation of Greek patchs frequent in many of that kind But when Basilius Macedo a Constantinopolitan Emperor A. DCCC LXXI had receiued Letters from Pope Hadrian the II. wherein Lewes the 11. then Emperor of the West was called Basileus or Imperator hee caused that Honorary title to bee x Ms. hist. Longobard ap Baron Tom. 10. A. 871. Goldast in Constit. Imperial tom 1. scratcht out of the letters and concerning his challenge to it as his own solely dispatcht an Embassage to Lewes This Lewes answers by one Autprand Rempert and out of his Letters the effect of both may be discouered He first tells Basilius that hee knows no reason of his dislikes towards him Nisi fortè super Imperatoris nomine velit haec cuncta sentiri Verum apud nos saith the Western Emperor multa lecta sunt multa quidem indefessè leguntur nunquam tamen
inuenimus terminos positos aut formas aut praecepta prolata neminem appellandum BASLEA nisi eum quem in vrbe Constantinopoli Imperij tenere gubernacula contigisset cum gentium singularum monimentis interim postpositis sacrae nobis affluentèr historiae monstrent plurimos fuisse Basileos Et noli vel nobis quòd dicimur inuidere vel tibi singularitèr vsurpare quod non solum nobiscuÌ„ sed cum pluribus Praepositis aliarum Gentium possides Sed nec hoc admiratione caret quod asseris Arabum Principem y Apomazar potius Achmet Onirocritic cap. 18. historici Orientales verum Protosymboli Vezirazes siue Vezirum primos magis denotant consulas licet Leunâ—lau Pandect Turcic cap. 14. nos de hoc vocabulo mox plura Protosymbolum dici cum in voluminibus nostris nihil tale reperiatur vestri Codices modo z Lego Archicon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Architon modo Regem vel also quolibet vocabulo nuncupent Verum nos omnibus literis sacras S. preferimus quae Dauid non Protosymbolos sed Reges Arabium Sabae perspicue confitentur Cbaganum verò non Praelatum Auarum non Cazarorum aut Northmannorum nuncupari reperimus neque Principem Bulgarûm sed Regem vel Dominum Bulgarûm Verum iccircò ab ijs ab omnibus Basilei debitum vocabulum adimis vt hoc tibi soli non tam Propriè quam violenter inflectas Then hee proceeds for of those other titles more anon with the Translation of the Empire from Constantinople to the Fraâ—ks ob ignominiam Graecorum who were not able any longer to defend the Church and whereas Basilius would haue him titled only Rex or Riga as the Grecians had barbarously made that word in their fourth cafe hee addes further that the true interpretation of their Basileus was in that word Riga as indeed children know it is Neither was it giuen or taken as any dishonor when Baldwin Earle of Flanders Lewes Earle of Blois a Arnold Alb. Lubecens Slauorum hist. 6. c. 19. and diuers other wrote to Otho IV. Emperor with this inscription Excellentissimo Domino Othoni Dei gratia RomanoruÌ„ Regi semper Augusto Vpon b Gloss. Graeâ—obarbar I. Meursij lesse ground then those Imperiall Letters it hath been obserued that the Eastern Emperors did in contempt stile the Western Reges only allowing their Basileus to none but themselues and the King of Bulgarie who had also c I. Curopalat in Tzimisce apud Meurs his Crown of Gold his Tiar of Silk and Red Shoes for his royall beeing also imperiall habiliments And so Georgius Logotheta publisht last Spring Mart by Theodore Douz alwayes names the King of Bulgarie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but the King of Hungarie and Sicily 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Prince of Achaia only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But vnder fauor I think it proceeded not so much from contempt as vse bred amongst them to call forrein dignities by the names of the Princes Country to which they were applied as appears in Sultan Ameras Amermumnes and Mumnes Chagan the same with Chan and the like copiously mentioned by Simocatta Anna Comnena Codin Apomazar or Achmet Cantaeuzen and the more obuious Orientall autors And they neuer agreeing willingly to that Translation from them but supposing themselues as Emperors of new Rome for so Constantinople was called to bee as the legitimat successors of that maiestique Title d Lord of the World 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherewith Antoninus long before blazoned e Volus. Maetian ff ad leg Rhod. l. 9. himselfe to Eudaemon could hardly but endeuor such distinction of names that One might be peculiar to their own Greatnes Which how could they better do then by keeping their own to themselues that is Basileus and giuing other Princes the language of euerie one 's own Territorie And the Princes of Sicily receiued of Constantine the Great take it on my f Niceph. Gregoras hist. 7. autors credit Rex for an hereditary Title Indeed that Basilius had more reason to take hereof greater care being the first of them after the Translation to Charles the Great that was likely to haue regained his Predecessors glorie And therefore his Bishops in that VIII Generall Councell at Constantinople did also nomen imperiale as one g Anastas de vit Pontific in Hadr. 2. saies of the VVestern part nostro Caesari penitùs inuidere to which affected Greatnes an old h Annal. incert auct sub anno 876. Edit à Pitbaeo eadé autem Sigebertus autor alludes speaking of Charles the Bald King of France that Omnem consuetudinem Regum Francorum contemnens Graecas Glorias optimas arbitrabatur Et vt maiorem mentis suae elationem ostenderet ablato Regis nomine se Imperatorem Augustum omnium Regum Cis mare consistentium appellari praecepit But in later times the difference was lesse respected which is plainly seen in those Letters of i Otho Frisingens de gest Frederic lib. 1. cap. 24. Calo-loannes to Conrad III. thus inscribed Toannes in Christo Deo Fidelis Rex Porphyrogenitus sublimis Fortis Augustus Comnenos Imperator Romanorum ad Nobiliss. Fratrem Amicum Imperij mei And answered by Conrad calling himselfe Romanorum Imperator Augustus and Calo-Ioannes illustris Gloriosus Rex Graecorum VVhence also it is euident that Rex was not a name of contempt at Constantinople For then would not Conrad haue called Iohn by that name Neither for that point is aduantage to bee taken of the word Rex in the Eastern Emperors stile For it is most likely that his Greek out of which I suppose my autor had it translated was their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Some of the German k Epistolae Henrici IV. Emperors also as it seems thought not Rex alone vnfit for themselues in prescribed titles of their Letters to other Princes And on the other side those of other Nations haue iustly taken to themselues Imperator Our ancient Edgar in his Charters called himselfe Albionis Anglorum Basileus and l Pat. 1. Ed. 4. part 6. memb 23. Et Totius Albionis Monarcha Basileus saepius in Diplomatibus Monast. Crowlandensi consignatis in one to Oswald Bishop of Worcester Cunctarum Nationum quae infra Britanniam includuntur Imperator Dominus which one of his successors long since as rightly challenged For when Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury hauing incurred William the second 's displeasure durst yet aduenture to ask leaue of him to go to receiue his Pall of P P. Urban 1 1. when Rome was euen bleeding of her wounds taken in that great Schism about Wibert Archbishop of Rauenna whom Hen. IV. taking vpon him the imperiall supremacie would haue inuested in the Popedome the King at the very name of the Pope was extremely mou'd and thus was his reason Dicebat saith Matthew Paris Imperator sui officij esse
accepto ab ipsius manu regno fidelitate hominio ei obligabatur Ita coronâ Regni per manum Principis sibi impositâ in die sancto Pentecostes ipse coronatus gladium Regis sub corona incedentis portauâ—t Hee means by this Peter Sueno IV. King of Danemark for he was known by both those names twixt whom and his cozen Cnuto was great controuersie for the Kingdom determined thus by the Emperor at Martinesburg in Saxonie The mention of the like made in Otto de S. Blasio must be vnderstood of Waldemar I. who receiued both this and Swethland of the Emperor at Bisonçe And King Harold before that when d Helmold bist Slauor 1. cap. 9. the Danish Nation was first Christned receiued it of Otho the great Now it acknowledges no superior But so many as haue or do as feudataries to other Princes are excluded out of their ranke which before are indifferently titled Kings or Emperors The K. of Bohemia when it was in another hand from the Empire although he were crownd and annointed yet being in a manner the Emperors e Aur. Bull. Caroli 4. cap. 8. Subiect wanted perfit Supremacie for it as also they of Sicily when they had inuestiture from the Pope they of Cyprus being anciently as Tenants yet crowned to f Arnold Lubecens Chron. Slau lib. 5. cap. 2 both Empires and such like euen as much almost as that Perseus who when L. Aemilius Paulus had spoiled him of his Kingdom of Macedon and compelled to flight yet was so ambitious of his former title that he made the inscription of his letters to Aemilius thus g Liu. Decad. 5. lib. 5. Rex Perseus Consuli Paulo S. it being at that time vnder Aemilius and the State of Romes arbitrement whether euer he should be King again or no. Wherefore Aemilius would not so much as giue answer to his Messengers vntill they had brought him letters inscribed with a meaner title As on the other side when Edward III. besieged Tournay and sent letters of chalenge to a single combat to the then pretended French K. he would not call him King but only Philip of Valois whereupon hee had this answer h Ex ms vet sed Latinè literas habet Th. Walsing sub ann 1340. Philip per la grace de Dieu Roy de France a Edward Roy D'Engleterre Nous auons vous letres apportes a nostre Court enuoyetz de par vous au Philip de Valois en quels letters estoient contenuz ascun requestes que vous fezistes au dit Philip de Valois Et pur ceo que les dits letters ne veignant pas a nous que les dits requestes ne estâ—yent pas faits a nous come appiert clerement per le tenure des letters nous ne vous en fesons nul response You know that i Martial Epig. 18. lib. 2. vpon Maximus Esse sat est Seruum iam nolo Vicarius esse Qui Rex est Regem Maxime non habeat Therefore did Francis the first of France much dislike that Charles the v. should k Bodin de Repub 1. cap. 9. call himself King of Naples and Sicily enioying them as the Popes Vassal or Tenant And when PP Pius IV. would haue made Cosmo de Medici Duke of Florence of the same State King the neighbour Princes endured it not and the Emperor Maximilian II. answered directly to the French Kings Embassador about it Non habet Italia Regem nisi Caesarem And in that Heptarchie of our Saxons vsually six of the Kings were but as subiects to the supreme whom they called Anglorum l Ethelwerd l. 3 c. 2. Beda hist. eccles 2. cap. 5. Circa DCCC XX Rex Primus or such like which was as well giuen to others the first that had it being Aella King of Sussex as to that Egbert whose glorie and greatnes consisted rather in the swallowing vp of the other subiect Kingdoms into his own Rule and in the new naming of the Heptarchie England in one word for hee in Parliamento saith my m Ex Instrum lib. Hospital S. Leonardi Eborms Idem ferè in Alred Rhtuallensis Vitâ S Edwardi Verùm ab Anglorum aduentu ita dictam scribit 10. Sâ—risburiensis Policratic 6. cap. 16. alij ab Hengisto vt Hector Boet. Scot. hist. 7. 10. Gower Epig. in Confess Amantis Hardingâ—s autor apud Wintoniam mutauit nomen Regni de consensu populi sui iussit illud de caetero vocari Angliam then in beeing of larger Dominion then any was before him Those inferior Kings are like in some proportion to those of Man who haue had it alwayes by a tenure from their soueraigns the Kings of England especially euer since Henrie IV. possessing it by the forfeiture of the Lord Scrop inuested Henry Percy Earle of Northumberland in it in fee simple to hold it per seruitium portandi diebus Coronationis nostrae as the Patent n Pat. 1. Hen. 4. Rot. 2. Th. Walsingbam speaks haeredum nostrorum ad sinistrum humerum nostrum sinistros humeros haeredum nostrorum per seipsum aut sufficientem honorificum deputatum suum illum Gladium nudum quo cincti eramus quando in parte de Holdernesse applicuinus vocatum I ancaster Sword It hath been since by Escheat in the Crown and was bestowed on the noble Family of the Stanley's by the same K. Henrie and in their o Camdenus Posteritie being Earles of Derby it continues So was Henrie of Beuchamp Earle of Warwick by Henry VI. crowned K. of the Isle of Wight and in him also that title ended But all these are litle otherwise Kings then Dukes or Earles are They bear the name but not the true marks of Royall maiestie rather to be stiled Reguli then Reges being subiects in respect of those whose Maiesties they were bound to obserue and obey For me thinks it looks like false Latine where our Henry II. grants Roderico p Transactio inter Hen. 1â— Roderic apud Roger. de Houeden ligio homini suo Regi Conactae in Ireland that hee shall haue his territorie paying a certain tribute quamdiù ei fideliter seruiet vt sit Rex sub eo Paratus ad seruitium suum sicut homo suus Yet in grants q Claus. R. Ioh. 6. memb 18. 17. Ioh. Chart. memb 3. 6. Hen. 3. Chart. memb 2. in Arce Londinens made by K. Iohn and Henry III. to the Kings of Conaght and Tesmond the like title of Rex is which is obserued also by the learned S r Iohn Dauis Knight his Maiesties Attorny Generall for Ireland as also that in the Pipe Rolls of Hen. III. his time yet remaining in Bremighams Tower in the Castle of Dublin somtime Oneale Rex vpon accounts sometime Oneale Regulus occurs And when Reginald K. of Man had done his homage as a tenant to r Chronic. Mannae K. Iohn and likewise to Henry III.
or King which is but a contraction of the first is of a particular notation and by originall of its own It signifies Mightie or Potent not so much Wise or Valiant as some will Who sees it not in our common word Can for Posse So that Coning or King is literally Dynastes Hence some will haue our word Queen for the Kings wife as contracted of Konigin or Cunigine which would be strange in her if it be interpreted Stout or Valiant words rarely applied to that Sex I rather ghesse it from Quen which by pronunciation became Queen Quen interprets a Companion and is the same with Comes Take for it this testimony out of an old n Siperis de Vineaux chez Claud. Fauchet en l'orig dez Dign 2. c. 5. Romaunt Le Conte de Lancastre qui et a nom Henri Met a conseil le Conte qu' on dit de Warwic Sire Quens dites moi per Dieu ie vos en pri c. And who knows not that in our French statutes our Queens are ordinarily calld Le compagnon nostre seignior le Roy or Companie as it is in Britton and somtimes in Latine Consors nostra And in the Ciuill law the Empresses are Consortes Augusti Agreeing with this exactly is the old Dutch wherein o Vulcan in specim ling. septent pag. 65. 66. Gomman and Quena are Man and Wife A word somwhat neer among our ancient Britons signified King or some such like I meane Cuno beeing so often in their and the Gaulish Kings names as in Cunobelin Cuneglas Cyngetorix Cunedage Congolitan which occurre in Caesar Tacitus Dio Polybius and others and Cynoc in British so most learned Camden teaches mee is Chief or Principall But their speciall word for King is Brennin or Uhrennin In old Indian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was a King if you beleeu some p Io. Tzetz in Chiliad Mes. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Grammarians thence deriuing Dionysius that is Bacchus from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But I remember the Phoenix q Scalig. animaduers in Eu-Euseb pag. 41. of learned men slights it as a toy of Daring grammaticasters as questionles he might well In the Ionique 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whence Lycophron calls Iupiter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and r Is. Tzetz ad Lycropron Hipponax 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Lybians if you credit s Scholiast Pindar Pythionic 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Herodot 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 autoritie vsed for him the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In the holy tongue of the Aegyptians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 exprest this Title as t Manetho apud Ioseph adu App. 1. some say In Ethiopian Negush In Turkish and Persian Padescha In Slauonique n Cral and the Queen Cralna which the Polonians call Crol and Crolna Whence the later Greeks haue x Georg. Acropolit Chron. Constant ad illum Theodorus Douza 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for the King of Seruia and Hungarie and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for Queen Title of Dominus or Lord prohibited by some Emperors Dominus and Rex vsed in ordinary salutations First Emperor that permitted himselfe to be called Dominus First that writ himself so in his Coins 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Amera Maranatha A Iewish sect allowing Dominus to none but the Almightie A coniecturall reason of their error Adonai The Tetragrammaton name of God when and how it was spoken amongst the Iewes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 absolutely Signior and Senior for Dominus or a superior Gouerner Alsheich and Sheich among the Arabians The Persian Schach and Saa Dominus Spanish Don. Punique in Plautus amended The Phoenician Syrian and Graecian Salutations or Farewells Women called Dominae after XIV How Female-heirs were wont to be in Ward in England Lord of Ireland how it began in our Soueraigns Ancestors Pope Hadrians letter to Hen. II. about Ireland Constantins Donation to the See of Rome A Ring seâ—â— to Hen. II. as token of inuestiture in Ireland The Petit Kings of Ireland anciently A Crown of Peacocks feathers to Prince Iohn beeing Lord of Ireland The Dominion of Ireland anciently Royall The Act which alterd the title of Lord into King Lord whence its originall Lar and Lartes Lauerd Louerd An essay of a very ancient rythmicall translation of the Psalmes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Truchtin Milordi The name of Gods to Princes Antiochus his spoyling the Iewes Bibles wich Baconbroth The name of God impiously giuen to and taken by Princes Swearing by Princes and by their Genius and by their Maiesty and that among Christians Punishments of Periurie committed on the Kings name Names of Idols in Princes and Great mens names Nergal Siris Nilus Cosmas a Patriarch swearing by his own name Names of great men not communicated to the baser multitude Alexanders name by his request imposed on all the Priests children for one yeer CHAP. III. For increase of Titulary Maiestie other attributes were anciently giuen to Supreme Princes which you may call Essentiall names as the other before spoken of These were chiefly Domini and Dij Lords and Gods which by participation were communicated also to their Magistrats and priuat mens Greatnes That Sesosis King a Diodor. Sicul. Piblioth a. of Egypt on his columnes inscribed with King of Kings Lord of Lords to himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a title too high for humanitie and proper b D. Paul ad Tit. c. 6. com 25. indeed to the Great and Almightie King of Heauen The Roman Octauian vtterly refusd the name of Dominus or Lord. Domini Appellationem saith Sueton vt maledictum opprobrium semper exhorruit Cum spectante eo ludos pronunciatum esset in Mimo O DOMINVM AEQVVMET BONVM vniversi quasi de ipso dictum exultantes comprobassent Statim manu vultúque indecoras adulationes repressit insequenti die grauissme corripuit edicto DOMINVM QVE se posthac appellari ne à liberis quidem aut nepotibus suis vel serio vel ioco passus est atque haiusmodi blanditias etiam inter ipsos prohibuit For it was vsuall especially somwhat after Augustus to salute ordinarily each other with the flattering language of Lord and King as diuers places of Martial make apparant Take this one c Martial Epig 68. lib. 2. ideÌ„ l. 1. Epig. 113. l. 4. Epig. 84. c. to Olus Quòd te nomine iam tuo saluto Quem Regem Dominum prius vocabam Ne me dixeris esse contumacem Tiberius would not endure this Title neither not so much as in common salutation Whereupon that Noble d Tacit. Annal. Historian and Statesman obserues vnde Augusta lubrica oratio sub Principe qui libertatem metuebat adulationeÌ„ oderat And of Domitian sings one e Papinius Syluar I. in K. Decemb. of his time
Gods euen by God himself because here on earth they should for their power be his i Sthenid Pythagoric apud Stobaeum Serm. 48 de ea re plura Imitators And in s Artemidor Onirocritic 4. cap. 71. Onirocriticisme dreams of superior Deities were referd to such as had rule and command It beeing at this day among the Moschouitique Christians in vse to account their Great Duke rather a God then a Man This respect added to an obsequious impietie caused as well in the Christian as Heathenish times and States the subiect to continue that ill custom of Swearing by their u Harmenopul 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 l. 1. tit 7. Princes And if by them they did forsweare in a suit For if out of a sudden heat they were pardoned the punishment for periury was inflicted that was Fustigatio i. as if you should say bastinadoing the Greek Lawiers calld it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and whilst the officers beat him they vsed this formall admonition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 x ff de Iureiur L. si duo §. 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Take heed how you swear But if the periury were committed gainst God and his name no punishment followed by their customs because they supposd God would sufficiently reuenge the y Ita Veteres existimâsse vltionémque dum in viuis existerent periuri expectasse Confirmat illud Horatij Carm. 2. Od. 8. abuse of his Deitie expressing it thus I 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Constantine Harmenopulus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 although it were certain by their Canon Law that Church penances but no other infliction was z Can. 64. Basil. Harmenopul Epit. sect 5. tit 3. prouided for the periurd as also if in any suit the partie had forsworn vpon the holy Euangelists his tongue was cut out This Harmenopulus whom I cite was a Iudge in Thessalonica now called Saloniche vnder Emanuel Comnenus about M. CXLIII after Christ as is a Marquhard Freher Chronolog ad Ius Graeco Romanum coniectured But all this touching swearing by the Prince or Emperor and his Genius had its originall out of Paganisme For that punishment of Fustigation was it seems b Vlpian ff de Iureiur l. 13. §. 6 instituted by Antoninus and Commodus when it was vsuall to sweare per Genium Principis and per Principis c Const. Alex. Seueri C. de reb credit l. 2. videsis Cuiac Obseru 2. cap. 19. Venerationem as it is in a rescript of Alexander Seuerus vnder whom the learned d Apologetic cap. 28. Tertullian vpbraids the Romans with Citius denique apud Vos per omnes Deos quà m per vnum Genium Caesaris peieratur And Athalarique the Goth in a profession of future good gouernment to the Romans e Cassiodor Variar hist. 8. Epist. 3. Ecce Traiani vestri clarum seculis reparatum exemplum Iurat vobis per quem iuratis nec potest ab illo quisquam falli quo inuocato non licet impunè mentiri Take withall that of f Epist. 2. lib. 1. Horace speaking to Augustus Iurandásque tuum per nomen ponimus aras which well fits with the name of those Maiestique Pauillions vnder which the Emperors sate vsually They called g Vt notauit Casaubon ad Suetonij Neronem cap. 12. them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if you should say Litle heauens And for the Christian times agreeing with what is already shew'd was that forme of their Militiae sacramentum the soldiers oath Iurant autem saith my author liuing about CCC LXX from our Sauior Per Deum Christum S. Sanctum per Maiestatem Imperatoris g Vegetius de Re. Militar 2. cap. 5. sub Valentiniano Gratiano quae secundum Deum generi humano diligenda est colenda Nam Imperatori cum Augusti nomen accepit tanquam presenti corporali Deo fidelis est prestanda deuotio impendendus peruigil famulatus Deo enim vel priuatus vel militans seruit cum fideliter eum diligit qui Deo regnat autore This vse was anciently among the Egyptians as is apparant by Iosephs swearing by the life of Pharaoh And in later daies a Rabbin that liu'd h Abr. Aben Ezra in Decalog about M. C. LXX affirmes that if a man had sworn in his time in Aegypt it was then gouern'd by Caliph's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. by the Kings head and had forsworn he was subiect to capitall punishment neither could he redeem the guilt for his weight in Gold And when Shach Ismael the first Sophi got the Persian Empire no oath q Leuncl Musulmanic hist. lib. 16. amongst them was so great as to sweare by his head Thus it appeares how both mongst Christians Mahumedans and Heathen a certaine Sanctitas Regum as r Sueton. in Iulio cap. 6. Iulius Caesar cals it was specially regarded Whence it seem's the frequencie of hauing a Deity 's name in the Kings was so familiar amongst the ancients The Tyrian or Phoenician Princes had vsually the names of Beleastartus Abdastartus Ithobaal and many such like ocurring in the fragments of Menander and other annals of those parts from their Deity Baal and Astaroth which Holy writ speakes of Nebo s Isai. cap. 46. com 1. vbi Lxx. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Babylonian Idole was a part of Nebuchadonezar Nabopollassar Nabonitus their Kings In Neriglosser is Nergal the Deitie of the Cuthaeans which the t R. Salomon Iarchi ad 2. Reg. 17. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 n. interpretari potes fontem tumulum forte Sphaeram Ignis cum Magorum vnde Cuthaej 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 conferas Iews idly say was a Cocke but without any great scruple will be proou'd to bee the Sunne or some perpetuall fire honor'd with respect to the sunne and in the names of the Iewish Kings is vsually one of the names of the true God as you see in Ahaziahu Amaziah Azariah and diuers such more Among the Egyptians Busiris Petosiris Osiris Kings all of them hauing the greatest Deitie of that people in their names That is Siris or Seiris which was the same with Nilus For in a Isai. cap. 23. com 3. â—irem ca. 2. com 18. Holy writ it is call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which by the Ethiopian Idiom is pronounced Sihri saith the noble Scaliger signifying black according as the Greeks stil'd it b Odyss 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and with them the Latins Melas c Festus in eo vocab alij of the same interpretation and from that Eastern word questionlesse came the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Dionysius Afer Where his Commenter Eustathius hath other but friuolous Etymologies of it The fashion in Britain anciently is touched where wee speake of Belin in the first Chapter But indeed the composition out of these names of Deities were not only proper to Kings Their Great
men and more honorable subiects had oft times the like as you see in * Ierem. cap. 39 vers 3. cap. 52. 30. Neregal Samgarnebo and Nabuzardan with such more in Daniel whom the Babylonian King named Beltishatzar d Daniel cap. 4. com 7. according to the name of his God Neither was that swearing by their names proper only to them I remember Cosmas Patriarch of Constantinople in the controuersie twixt him and Eustratius about the Coronation of Irene Empresse and wife to Alexius Comnen e Anna Comnena Alexiad 3. sweares by himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. By Cosmas But that of Diuine names among them as it was communicated to Nobility so very likely was not extended to the Vulgar or ignoble For wee see often a speciall regard had among the ancients that Princely names should not be borne by base Persons One cause why Domitian put to death Metius Pomposianus was for that he had giuen his slaues the names of Mago and Hannibal that of Hannibal hauing plainely in its composition as Asdrubal Adherbal and the like the Phoenician or Punique God Baal In the Scripture you haue the very name but inuerted Baal-Hanan in Gen. cap. XXXVI As on the other side one of Alexanders chief requests to the high Priest of the Iewes they say was that hee a Abrah Ben-Dauid in Cabald might so much be honord as to haue his name imposd on euery of the Priests children that yeer born Although it be certain that slaues somtimes had the names of greatest Kings And in Athens b Agell lib. 9. cap. 2. the names of Harmodius and Aristogiton were not suffered to bee giuen to any bond-man The Turkes c Georgieuitz de Cerem Turcar. haue their seuerall names vsually proper for their Sultans Beglars and slaues if my author deceiue not But for that of giuing a King the title of GOD without respect only to his delegat power and substitution you may note Anaxarchus his iest vpon Alexander pretending himself a God and lying dangerously sick 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 said d Aelian Var. hist. 9. cap. 37. Anaxarchus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the hope of our God lies now in a spoonfull of Potion And when Hermodotus in his Poems e Plutarch lib. de Isid. Osiride stiled Antigonus the sonne of Phoebus and a God the King well answerd his flatterie But saith hee the Groom of my close stoole denies me to be so Astrologers approper certain starres to Kings only and great men in their significations and some of them place those Regiae Stellae f Firmicus Mathes 6. cap. 1 as they call them in the dodecatemories only of Taurus Leo Scorpio and Aquarius others otherwise They haue deliuerd also that euery King g Apud Cantacuzen Apolog. aduers. Mahomet α. hath a singular starre for the Ruler of his Royall life common persons hauing only the mixtures of seuerall influences according to their Genethliaque figures I note it here as it touches their accession of speciall and a kind of holy honor to Princes Regard it at your pleasure if you will but as I then read it for a Relation but also laugh at it Caesar. Whence deriu'd into the Roman Emperors title It signified an Elephant in Punique The Maures a Colony out of Chanaan in time of Ioshuah An inscription of a Columne erected in those times in the now Barbarie Children cut out of their mothers sacred to Apollo Augustus When and vpon what occasion it began in them Other Kings titled by it Denomination to the Roman Emperors from Prouinces which they either conquerd or setled Their abstaining from names of that kind which were ridiculous Pharaoh among the Egyptians In Iosephus an error The Queen of Saba The Egyptian Kings afterward calld all Ptolemies and whence Time of Ptolemy the Mathematician Patronymiques of diuers Royall lines Agag and Amalek A passage in the Apocrypha of Esther The Western part of Asia calld Greece A place in S. Mark explaned The Parthian Indian Bithynian Hagaren Lombardian Princes Cleta The great honor to the name of Constantine in the Western Empire Teggiurlar How the Romans affected the name Antonin in their Emperors Lazars Bulcoglar Bulcouitz Crateuitz and such like Most Christian King When first in the French First Christian King in Europe Filz aisnè de l'esglise Defender of the faith When and how first in Our Soueraigns Catholique how and when first in the Spanish Porphyrogenetus often in the Constantinopolitan Emperors title Camaterus his Astrologie Ms. The true reason of that name of Porphyrogenetus Emperors children receiued in Purple at the Birth Purple when first made proper to Kings CHAP IV. HItherto of such Titles as are Essentiall to Maiesty There are also which are particular for seuerall States and meerly Accidentall Of them in the first rank stand those which proceeded from the first autors of Empires or Monarchies To none is vnknown the continuance of Caesar in the German Emperors Title deriud through the Franks and Romans from their C. Iulius Caesar first Emperor But not first which bare that name as som a Glycas Etymologic mag Cedrenus alij Graecorum Necnon Ebraei vt videre est in Eliâ Thisbit in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ignorantly haue deliuerd Nor had he it because he was cut out of his Mothers belly It may be true which Pliny b Hist. nat 7. cap. 9. sayes that primus Caesar à caso matris vtero dictus qua de causa Caesones appellati But others were so calld before him and from the Punique or Maurish word Coesar interpreting an Elephant most * Ap. Ael Spartiā in Ael Vero Seru Honorat ad 1. Aeneidos Const. Manass. in Annalit us learned men haue anciently deriud it quod auus eius in Africa manu propriâ occidit Elephantem Others at Rome deducing it from Caesaries quod cum magnis crinibus as Spartians words are sit vtero parentis effusus others quòd oculis caesijs vltra humanum morem viguerit Vnderstand them of him which first bare the name I like that from the Elephant Analogie will hardly endure any of the rest And in an old Coin stampt on the one side with DIVVS IVLIVS the other hath S. P. Q. R. and an Elephant which although som referre to the Plaies and fights of Elephants c Plin. hist. 8. cap. 7. shewd by the fauor and cost of Iulius yet perhaps it hath allusion to that African originall But how it could be Punique is not so well iustified The Punique being but a slip or branch propagated from the Ebrew wherein as that admired and great President of the Muses the most learned Casaubon hath also noted not Caesar but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies an Elephant as also in Arabique which by transposition of letters is euen the same with the Greek and Latin Elephas Hee therefore thinks the word was Maurish as Spartian affirms it was But vnder fauour was
e Claudian de Nupt. Honorij Mariae as in that sic natus in Ostro Paruus Honoriades genibus considat auitis which I the rather cite because out of it the reason perhaps of the imposition of that name on the Palace may be had If the Emperors issues at the birth were receiued in Purple cloth as it seems they were others f Ceion Posthum in Epistola apud Iul. Capitolin in Clod. Albino Filius mihi natus est ita Candidus statim toto corpore vt linteamen quo exceptus est vinceret children in other colours what could bee more proper in translation then to giue the name of that speciall kind wherein at the first instance of their infancie they were receiud to the place appointed only for that receipt And howeuer it be supposd that the Phoenician Hercules first finding out the pleasing colour of Purple by the Dye of his Dogs mouth that had bitten the fish whence it is gratified his Sweet-heart with it yet a tradition is mongst the Grecians that he presented it to the King of Phoenicia who by edict prohibited all but h Mich. Glycas Annal. par 2. cap. de Turris extructione himself to weare the colour whence the beginning of it as proper to Greatnes our Scarlet g Iul. Pollux Onomastic 1. c. 3 being now its successor is deriued In the Preface to Camaterus his Astrologie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Where in like sense as in the other testimonies a compound is made of Porphyra The Princes Dukes or Kings of Moscouy were calld they say anciently white Kings or white Princes Credo autem saith Sigismund vt Persam nunc propter rubea tegumenta capitis Kissilpassa id est rubeum caput vocant ita illos propter alba tegumenta Albos appellari But I remember Muscouy is calld Russia Alba and Poland Russia Nigra there may be the names originall But Gaguin giues the reason quod incolae omnium Regionum ipsius imperio subiectarum vestibus albis pileis plerunque vtantur Prester-Iohn By error so calld His true name whence that is corrupted The Abassens whence Their vulgar and Chaldè language Belul Gian Beldigian Iochabelul How the names of Prestigian in the East Asia turnd into Prester-Iohn was applied to the Ethiopian Emperor Prestigiani The Ebrew Epistle of Preti Ian to the Pope The Ethiopique Emperors title Cham or Chan. Why the Eastern Emperors of Asia are so titled the Turk and others Alwaies Victorious Carachan and Gylas two dignities Car in Scythian and Carpaluc Carderigan a Persian dignitie whence Chanaranges Chaianus Chaganus Capcanus whence A coniecture vpon Fr. W. de Rubruquis Vlu Can very ancient in the Tartarian or Sarmatique Empire Canis in the Scaligeran family The Great Chans Seale and title of later time The Mahumedan Caliphs Bagded not Babylon The diuision of the Chaliphat and end The signification of Chaliph and Naib To whom Chaliph applied To the Grand Signior in our dayes and why A peece of an old French Letter from an Othomanique Chaliph Seriph Iariffe Sultan The Turkish Salutations Aphentis and the Turks title Amir Amir Elmumenin Amermumnes Miramolinus and such like corrupted in Story The Turks allow the Pentateuch and the Euangelists but say that wee haue seratcht Mahumeds name out of them Their letters dated with their Hegira and the yeer of Christ. The Azoars of the Alcoran The solemn beginning of euery Azoat vsd by them most superstitiously An error of Georgeuitz Our K. Iohn would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran Padischach Musulman Caesar Augustus Caesarea maiestas attributed to the Grand Signior Hunggiar Ismael Sophi The hate and difference twixt the Turkish and Persian Religion whence Imamia and Leshari The beginning and cause of the Persian title Sophi Kissilbassilar Enissarlar Persian Magi. The Magi not Kings in Persia Nor those in S. Matthew Kings but in contempt till Artaxerxes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elam Elamits How the Persians might well be Magi by the interpretation of their first authors name What Magus is Ignorant Franciscans naild Frier Bacons books to the desks Shach Schach Shah Sa Xa Shaugh Cheque all one a speciall attribute to Persian Greatnes What it is An error in Bodin about the title of Dominus vnder the Chaliphs Gelal Eddin Aladin The large title of Chosroes The league twixt the last Rodulph and Achmet the present Sultan touching their Titles CHAP. V. OVt of Europe wee come into Afrique and Asia where also the Grand Signior notwithstanding his Court and residence at Constantinople is fittest to be placed But first of that Ethiopian Emperor or Prince of the Abyssins which is commonly titled Prester John and in Latine Presbyter Ioannes as if it were Priest Iohn But by testimonie of Zaga Zabo an Ethiopian Embassador to the last Emanuel K. of Portugal the name is corrupted from Precious Gian For his Ethiopique thus expresses it * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Gian Belul quod sonat saith the translation publisht by Damian à Goes Ioannes Belul hoc est Ioannes preciosus siue altus Et in Chaldaica lingua Ioannes Encoe id si interpreteris etiam Ioannis Preciosi siue alti significatum habet so that Gian Belul is of their true Ethiopian tongue which they vse in common speech not that which is spoken and writen in their Liturgies and holy exercises and known mongst them by the name of Chaldè but more specially stiled * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Giaein i. Libertie quod nimirùm as the noble Scaliger yeelds the reason eâ solâ vterentur Arabes illi victores qui Aethiopiam insiderunt For he most learnedly as in all things els deriues them thither from the Abasens in Arabia whence Sept. Seuerus had his denomination of Arabicus as in one of his i Hub. Goltz Thes. pag. 129. Coins appears inscribd with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of whom mention is made by k Ap. Stephan 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vranius an old author of Arabique affairs placing them in Arabia foelix which happily salues their deriuing themselues from Melech son to Salomon as they fable by l Zaga Zabo ap Damian à Goes Maqueda the Queen of the South For where * v. Psal. 72. Com. 10. Saba is were those Abassenes whence the Latines haue their Sabaei and Tura Sabaea Thus mee thinks those things concurre as it were to make vp on both sides that truth at which learned men haue been very purblind And by likelyhood how should they fitter haue a speciall tongue for their writings and holy ceremonies vtterly differing from their vulgar then by being transplanted out of some other Nation and bringing it thither with them there beeing in it also a mixture of Ebrew Chaldê Arabique but it is by them calld Chaldè whereupon Zaga Zabo saith that Helen one of their Empresses wrote two books of Diuinitie in Chaldé and tells
once saw a Petition by a Bishop to Henry v. subscribd with Your Worships Beadsman About the same time a treatise writen of the order of the Coronation hath thus After this the King shall be clothed agen with other clothes and Worshipfully shall go to the Auter of Seynte Edwardes shryne and the King is there calld Worshipfull Prince So the Monk of Bury Dan Lidgat speaking of Henry the fifts commanding him to writ the Troian Warre saith The which emprise anon I ginn shall In his Worship as for memoryall Hee vsually calls him Most worthy or worthy or Noble Prince and Soueraign Lord. And plainly worship is but an abstract from worthy and signifies as estimation properly to wuruld wurþscipe sy he þegen lage wyrþe i. To worlds worship i. in worldly estimation hee shall be in equall degree with a Thane saies a Canon of Canutus his laws speaking of a Priest that liud free from incontinencie and in those so ancient times it was a generall title but according to the person qualified In an old Saxon b Ap. Lambard in Peramb Kant tradition of their Nobilitie Then were the wisest of the people weorþscipeswyrða aelc be his maðe Eorl Ceorl ê§egn ê§eoden i. worshipworthy euery one in his Dignitie the Earle and Cheorl Thane Vnderthane So in later times Dukes and Earles haue had Worshipfull and Right worshipfull applied to them An Epitaph c Camden Brit. Edit Anglic. Idiomatis in Reliquijs is at Warwick in S. Maries Church there in part thus Pray Deuoutly for the Soule whom God assoile of one of the most Worshipfull Knights in his daies of manhood cunning RICHARD d Rothomagi fatis concessit A. M.CD.XXXIX BEAVCHAMPE late Earle of Warwick Lord Despenser of Burgaueny and of many other great Lordships whose Body resteth here vnder this Tomb. And his daughter the Countesse of Shrewsbury was buried in S. Faith 's vnder Paules with Here before the Image of Ihesu lieth the Worshipfull and right Noble Lady Margaret Countesse of Shrewsbury c. But now euery Gentleman of better rather richer Rank is saluted Worshipfull And on the other side what now is one of our particular Notes of Maiestie not giuen to any but the supreme I mean Soueraign Lord or Lady hath been anciently bestowed on others The preface and dedication of Alexanders life writen vnder Henry VI. by a Dominican Frier thus speaks To my souerayn Lady benigne and honorable Discrete full of wisdome of Gloucetre Duchesse I symple seruant thogh I be vnable With deuoute hert with all my besynesse Send ioye worschepp welth pess and stabylnesse Betwix you and yowre euere more to leste And so be schad widde w e grace that it neuer breste What that hater of Monarchs Buchanan hath in his malicious dislike of giuing titles and attributes of great honor to Princes I omit and leaue him to his error conuinced by the generall consent and allowance of Antiquitie But touching these it hath been e Christoph. Becman Schediasm Philologic questioned which is the more both elegant and honorable to speak in the Concret or Abstract That is whether to say Serenissime Princeps à te peto or A Serenitate Vestrâ peto And some haue thought the first forme the best because in that the Accidents and Subiects are together exprest in the other the Accidents only being the note of Honor. But howsoeuer for elegancie it seems the Abstract tastes as if it were more honorable For that quality denominats and from it inherent in the Person is the Honor giuen Now as it is inherent and not predicated of the Person its best exprest for its own Essence Neither is it otherwise as Logique teaches properly in any Predicament As Album although in a formall signification of the thing designd it expresse a Certain Ens per se yet as the formall and materiall or connotatiue signification of it is it 's f Aristot. Metaphys 7. cap. 6. text 21. Ens per accidens id est aggregatum quid ex ijs quae diuersis Praedicamentis ponuntur And Albedo is the Ens per se. Then where the quality is neerest to its own single essence exprest that is in the Abstract it seems the Person is with somwhat more honor saluted then if it were only connotatiuè as they call it For Vir excellentissime doth but connotatiuè or by way of consequent speak excellentia as indeed in euery Concret but in like form and by an accidentall consequence is both the â—â—cident and the substance But this is a most friuolous disquisition which I had not spoken to if I had not seen it questiond I adde out of the Spanish Pragmatica publisht vnder Philip II. against the multiplicitie of Titles giuen both to the King and other great Men in the yeer 〈◊〉 D. LXXXVI the VIII of October at S. Lawrence that the King there would haue no other title in the beginning of any Letter to him but Senor in the subscription only his name that wrote it in the end of the Letter only God preserue your Catholique Maiestie and the superscription To the King our Lord. The petitions to the Counsells Chanceries and Tribunals might be titled with Most mighty Lord but no more The signing of Letters scedules and such like should bee only with By the King our Lord. Diuers other particulars are in it touching these kind of Titles to Other Great men which in their more due place shall succeed Annointing of Kings How Vnction in Heathenisme was vsd to sanctifie The Old Roman Prouinciall expressing what Kings were to be annointed anciently The vse of Vnction in the Eastern Empire In France Their Oile from Heauen in Britain the first King there annointed by the Pope but a coniecture against the consent of old Monks The Tale of a box of Oile giuen by our Ladie for Vnction of the English Kings to Thomas Becket Crowns and their beginning First vsd only to Gods Whence Corona An examination whether Crowns except only the Cloth Diadem were in more ancient times mongst the Gentiles for Royall distinction and a Conclusion against common opinion A place of Euripides interpreted against the Vulgar and his Scholiast Crown Radiant and the XII beams of the Sunne supposd in Antiquitie A place in Polybius examined Pharaoh's Diadem A passage in Clemens Alexandrinus examined 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 When the Cloth Diadem or Fillet came first to be a Royall Ensigne in Europe White proper to the Kings Diadem Cidaris or Cittaris 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tiara Diadema The Tulipants or Turibants of the Princes of later time in Asia Error of Bodin touching them Hasta pro Diademate The Crown or Diadem in the Roman and Constantinopolitan states Of the Form and Materialls of Crowns somwhat The Duke of Moscouy's Cap. The Radiant Crown of the Duke of Florence The Crown of British English and Scotish Kings The Scepter Caducéus Birds and other things born in the Top of Scepters Eagles vpon
of Royalty Hence is Interpreted that in the Roman story where a Laurell was set vpon Caesars statue wreath'd with a white fillet or band and the two Tribunes Marullus and Flauius commanded the fillet to be plukt off and him that put it on to prison for such wrong to Roman liberty in giuing his statue a Diadem Antonies z Pag. 19. offer is before remembred And Pompey was suspected as one affecting a Kingdom for binding himselfe about the thigh with a white fillet or Diadem they vsd then no breeches but to couer a scar he had there receiud he ware the fillet as others in a Cas 〈…〉 on in Sueton. lib. 2. other times did in steed of Breeches therof it s related Ei candida b Valer. Maxim 6. cap. 2. §. 7. fascia crus alligatum habenti Fauonius Non refert inquit qua in parte corporis sit Diadema Exigui Panni cauillatione regias eius vires exprobrans For as the Name of King after their Regifugium so that sole Ornament Royall was extremly hated by them as these and enough other examples testifie although the Athenian Democratie perhaps c Iul. Pollux Onomastic lib. 8. cap. 12. not so much fearing it allow'd to their chiefest Magistrates the Nomophylaces this white fillet for the Ornament of their Dignitie But the Roman Emperors a long time daring not aduenture vpon so an apparant diminution of the peoples libertie vsd only Laurell or Gold Crowns which were neuer thought of or suspected for nor were Royall Liberty of bearing a Laurell continually was first granted to Iulius Caesar by reason of his baldnes After Augustus at euery Imperiall Triumph the Laurell was taken only e Xiphilin in Nerone Plin. lib. 15. cap. 30. Sueton. in Galba from the Plant of that kind which Liuia Drusilla took from the white Hen brought into her lap by the Eagle and set at Ad Gallinas and which was noted to wither away at the end of the Iulian familie in Nero as the progenie of the Hen did likewise But the succeeding Emperors vsd not alwaies to beare it Tiberium Principem saith Plinie tonante coelo coronari eâ solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus Then alwaies he ware it not Remember here that Antiquity held the Laurell to be exempt from all danger of Ioues Thunderbolts Plutarch and Dionysius say that Romulus was Crownd with Laurell as in triumph after his victories If he were it was not as he was King but as he triumpht But if all their Triumphall Ornaments came from the Tuscans to Tarq. Priscus how then had Romulus any of them The truth of those times I think as vncertain as any story whatsoeuer But most probable and according to what is already deliuerd saith Iustin y Historiar 43. of those Kings Per ea adhuc Tempora Reges Hastas pro Diademate habebant quas Graeci Sceptra dixere Nam ab origine Rerum pro dijs immortalibus veteres Hastas coluere ob cuius religionis memoriam adhuc deorum simulachris Hastae adduntur Which well agrees with their Name Quirinus and Quirites fetcht from Curis in the Sabin Tongue signifying Hasta or a Scepter Curis Sabinè Hasta saith Festus vndè Remulus Quirinus qui eam ferebat est dictus But the first of their Emperors which ware a true Royall Diadem was Aurelian z Victoris de hac re verba superius habes cap. 2. about CCLXX. after our Sauiour yet saith Paul Warnfed of Diocletian that he Ornatum gemmarum vestibus calciamentisque indidit Nam prius Imperij insigne in chlamyde purpurea tantum erat reliquaque communia But Traian Gordian and others before him were stampt in their coins with Laurels and Radiant Crowns of Gold But of Constantine the Great 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith Cedren 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. They say that he first of all the Emperors vsd a Diadem Yet Iustinian speakes of his Imperiall Crown by the name of Infulae which is the same as Fascia or Diadema * Seruius ad Aeneid 10. in the proper and first fense His words a C. de quadrienn praescript l. 3. benè to Florus are these Quae ergo pro Augusto honore cautela res accipientium nostra statuit aeternitas haec tam sublimitas Tua quaem caeteri omnes Iudices nostri obseruare festinent ex eo tempore valitur quo nutu diuino Imperiales suscepimus Infulas But the Infulae were it seems those strings or bands whereby their Crowns made of precious stones and gold in diuers fashions were tied on For as the b Lips de Cruc 3. cap. 16. verum qui Numismata ediderunt haec copiolè oftendunt pictures of Zeno Iustinian Valentinian Anastasius Phocas Constantin and diuers others which we haue out of their Coins discouer their Crowns and Diadems were very different in forme but all of them tied behind with fillets as it seems going round the head as the Crown or Diadem as it is in that of Heraclius more specially which being of gold and raisd with variety of conique plates and the outmost circle not much differing from our Dukes Crowns but closd on the top more like what we call Imperiall is tied together with a kind of Riband behind Hence is it that George Curapalates said that what they of late calld 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was wont to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Vinculum which word they left off when the fashion of tying it with ribands ended Their pictures will better instruct you in the seuerall formes then my expressing can But as the Asiatiques anciently and Macedondan Kings had their cloth fillets as the Turkish and Mahumetan Princes at this day their rich Miter or Tulipant so from the beginning of Christianity in European Supreme Kings and Emperors the Gold Crowns in those various shapes with which they are described haue bin in vse And their differences now are of Close and Archt and Open and the like But what is before transcribed out of the Roman Prouinciall is here to be Rememberd and that the Pope in giuing the Kingdoms of Sardegna c Act. Vatican ap Bodin de Rep. 1. cap. 9. and Corsica to the King of Aragon vsd the words of Per Capam Auream realiter inuestimus But all Supreme Monarchs in later times of right vse archt Crowns and as truly Imperiall as the Emperors but differing in composture For the Emperors is thus described by d Marcell Corcyrens lib. 1. Ceremon Sect. 5. de Imperiali Corona Pasch. lib. 9. cap. 8. one who saw it Differt forma Coronae Imperialis ab alijs nam ea sub se Tiaram quandam habet in modum ferè Episcopalis mitrae humiliorem tamen magis apertam minùs acutam estque eius apertura à fronte non ab aure semicirculum habet per ipsam aperturam aureum in cuius summitate crux paruula eminet Eam Tiaram
aliae Coronae non habent And the bearing or the top of the Arch in the Emperors and in our Soueraignes is a Mound and a Crosse in that of the French King a Fleur de lis on the Popes a Crosse. For hee as a Temporall Prince also bears his Crown vpon grant pretended from Constantine * Uidè verò Platinam in Syluest 1. the Great The words of the Donation as it is offerd to the worlds sight are these In praesentiarum tradimus primum quidem Lateranense nostri Regni palatium quod omnibus in Orbe Terrarnm Palatijs praefertur eminet Deinceps Diadema id est Coronam capitis Nostri But the credit of this Donation is before e Pag. 56. toucht And the Monks haue affirmed that f Sigebert Gemblac sub anno 510. the Popes Crown call'd Regnum was that which the Emperor Anastasius sent for a present to Chlouis the first Christian King of France and that Chlouis then bestowd it on the Pope The generall consent mongst Christian Princes in wearing them of gold proceeded from the Kings of Gods chosen people who vsing Crowns of gold and precious stones 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith an ancient g Clem. Alex Paedagog 2. ca. 8. Father 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Being annointed bare Christ symbolically on their head He alludes to the Ointment pourd on our Sauiour and the gold offerd to him as a King How well then this must fit a Christian Prince appears plainly Yet vpon occasion other Crowns haue so metimes by them been worn and that Chaplets of leaues which you see in the example of Frederique Barbarossa whose Chaplet or Crown of Rue remains yet borne bendwise vpon the Baries of the Dukedom of Saxonie For when Bernard sonne of Albert Urso Marquesse of Brandeburg and brother to Otho the then Marquesse and to Sifrid Archbishop of Breme was made Duke of Saxonie by the Emperor he desird the Emperor to haue some difference added to his Armes that so his might be distinguisht from his brothers Tunc imperator saith h Saxon. lib. 4. cap. 37. lib. 9. cap. 19. Krantzius vt erat Coronatus per aestum Ruteam Coronam iniecit ex obliquo supplicantis Clypeo which afterward saith he was born so on their Coat being before barry Sable and Or. The Moscouite or Russian Emperor being Christian and of the Greek Church and titling himself a King as is already shewd wears no Crown of gold or other mettall but only a Rich Cap of i Paul Oderborn vit Theodori 1. Furple if my Author deceiue not and for his Ornaments you shall heare an k Sigismund Liber in reb Moscouitic Embassador from the Archduke to Basilius then Emperor there thus describing his presence of State Princeps in loco eminentiore ac illustri pariete imagine Diui cuiusdam splendente aperto capite sedebat habebát que à Dextra in Scamno pileum Kopack sinistra verò baculum cum Cruce Posoch atque peluim cum duobus gutturnijs adiuncto impositoque mantili Aiunt Principem cum Oratori Romanae fidei manum porrigat credere homini se immundo impuro porrigere atque ideò co dimisso manus lauare which for that speciall custome the rather I cited But out of what is here deliuerd may well bee collected that Victor or Warnfreds Assertions of Diocletian and Aurelian which others follow also may stand with that of Cedren touching Constantine if you so interpret Constantins Diadem that he was the first that in imitation of the Iewish Kings tooke a Crown of their kind of l Vide si placet Card. Baronium tom 3. qui coniecturae huic nostrae adamussim antiquorum numismatum fide nixus astipulatur Materialls for a Royall Diadem before whom the Cloth or Fillet was vsd mongst his neer Predecessors For it might well be so in him that was so much an Author and Propagator of Christianity in his Empire And his Nation haue a tradition of a Crown and other habiliments sent him m Constant. Porphyrog cap. 12. from heauen the relation whereof I willingly abstaine from but for this matter adde that I ghesse the Iewish Kings had their's Radiant vpon that of our Sauiours of Thorns For since they purposd in their mockeries to imitate in their markes of Royalty the Crown Scepter and Robe of a true King what in a Crown of Thornes was better resembled then a Crown Radiant Neer what the Duke n Paschal de Coronis l. 9. c. 13. of Florence his is by gift from Pope Pius Quintus More of their formes will appear in fitter place when we speak of them as they are the ornament Of other but Inferior Dignities Some o Galfred Monum lib. 1. 9. autority is that Dunuallo Molmutius wore a gold Diadem mongst our old Britons and that Athelstan the first of Saxon Kings I am too suspicious of my Author to make you beleeu it as a truth and Ethelwerd that liued in DCCCCL of Christ speaking of Edward successor to Alured and predecessor to Athelstan expressely sayes that he was Coronatus stemmate Regali which was but XL. or L. yeares before Ethelwerds time who being a Great man and of the bloud Royall might easily in that know what he said The traditions of Scotland are that vntil King Achaius the royal Crown from their first Ferguse was of Gold Militaris valli p Hector Boet. Hist. 2. 10. Circa An. 800. forma or plaine But that hee added to the plain Circular Crown quatuor lilia aurea quatuor cum salutiferae Crucis aureis signis paribus interuallis discretis lilijs paulo eminentoribus And to this Achaius is attributed the addition of the Bordure fleury about the Scotish Lion Significans saith Hector Francorum opibus quibuscum foedus inierat Leonem exinde muniendum Of the Westgoths in Spaine it s expressely deliuerd that the first q Roderic Tolet. lib. 2. cap. 14. Marian. lib. 5. cap. 13. which Regia 〈…〉 signia atque instrumentum principale Trabeam sceptrum Diadema gestauit was Lewigild about DLXXX of Christ. Nam ante cum saith Isidore habitus consessus communis vt genti ita legibus erat I haue here differd from what Alexander ab Alexandro Paschalius and others deliuer of Crowns and Diadems But I imagine it is easier for me much to iustifie my assertions then they those of theirs gainst which mine are here opposd I appeale to my cited autors But more proper to Royall Maiestie from all antiquitie hath the SCEPTER been Although Homer giue his Kings no Crowns yet he specially giues them Scepters and calls them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Kings with Scepters And hee makes Agamemnons only note of supremacie a Scepter which he saies Vulcan made and gaue Ioue from whom Mercury receiud it from him Pelops from whom Atreus from Atreus Thyestes who left it to a Iliad 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rectè 〈◊〉
successores vsque ad Nostra Tempora religiosè admodum obseruarunt He more at large giues you a reason of it in this Charles But he was a child of the Romish part and so I know you respect him yet was hee one exceeding well deseruing in our age of the state of this kind of learning and in this giues you the truth And this Rex Romanorum was to be Crownd annointed by the Archbishop of Cologne at Aix But in the Eastern Empire Caesar continued for the next dignitie to the supreme only till Alexius f Anna Comnena Alexiad 3. Zonar Annal. Tom. 3. Quatuor Principes ratione Dignitatis Graeco vocabulo Sebaston dictos meminit Autor Expedit Asiatic Frederic 1. apud Canis Tom. 5. Theodorus Imperator 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Georg. Logothet Chronic. Constantinopol pag. 20. Comnenus He when Nicephorus Melisenus had been before by him made Caesar created his brother Isaac a new title and calld him Sebastocrator and made him second from the Crown and the title of Caesar third Afterward the same Emperor Alexius hauing one only daughter Irene whom he gaue in marriage to Alexius Palaeologus and no issue male made the Sebastocrator to bee as third from him and the Caesar fourth whose State Dignitie was by him equalld with the Panhypersebastus another title of his making and inuested this Palaeologus with the speciall Title of g DESPOTE which thence remaind in that State for the next after the Emperor and well may bee interpreted by the French Monsieur applied to the Kings brother and apparant heire And as hee is the Monsieur for excellencie in France so the heire apparant in Constantinople was calld 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Despote yet not otherwise but that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was also as Monsieur Prince with vs communicated to the Emperors g G. Codin 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sonnes sonnes in law and Brothers When the Emperors sonne was inuested with this title of the Despote he had a Crown deckt with Diamonds put on his head by the Emperors own hand This Crown they call'd * Gyrata Corona 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it had foure little arches 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 before behind and on the sides But if he were but sonne in law then one only before But it seems afterward a greater Dignity then Despote was inuented by Michael Palaeologus but not with any honorary title which story remembers Only the Translation of a later i Cantacuzen hist. 4. cap. 5. Grecian whose text is not publisht calls it Vt esset Imperatori proximus quem honorem primus Palaeologorum Imperator Michael propter filium Constantinum Porphyrogenitum inuenit videbatúrque ea dignitas Despotarum dignitati antecellere The sonne and heire apparant of the French King is known to all by the name of DAVLPHIN Good autors discord about the exact certainty of the Beginning and Cause of that title For the cause receiue thus Vnder Philip of Ualois about M. CCC XLIX some will vnder his sonne King Iohn one Humbert others call him Hubert Prince of that Territorie which to this day retains the name of the Daulphinè bordering on Sauoy Prouence Piemont being possest with excessiue grief for losse of his only sonne in the battell of Cressy resolud to leaue all secular State and commit his thoughts to the priuat quiet of a religious Cloister purposing also to institute the See of Rome his heire But that designe his people much dislikt beseeching him that they might rather follow the colours of a King then a Bishop whereupon Placuit filij Regum they are Paulus Emilius his words vt quisque in proximam spem regni suscepti essent Delphini vocarentur iuráque Delphinatibus redderent Many follow this and deliuer that it was giuen to continue in the Elder sonnes and heirs apparant But Du Haillan constantly denies part of it affirming that this Humbert being without hope of lineall posteritie gaue the inheritance of the Daulphinè to ' Philip Duke of Orleans second sonne to Philip of Valois and for default of his issue to the sonnes of Iohn Duke of Normandie eldest sonne to Valois and afterward King of France or of their successors Kings of France according as the same King or Duke Iohn or their successors should ordain a la charge que celui que serra inuesti du dict Daulphinè ses heirs successors au dict pais serroient tenus de se faire appeller DAVLPHINS DE UIENNOIS the Metropolitique Citie of that Territory is Vienna vpon Rhosne porter les armes du dict Daulphinè escartelles auec les armes de France sans pouuoir laisse le nom de Daulphin ny les dits armes que le dict Daulphinè ne purroit estre vni au Royaume de France que l'Empire ny fust pareillement vni Whose syllables I the rather cite because against the Credit of many other their autors and the common receiud opinion he iustifies himself out of the Instrument of that Donation which by his assertion he had made vse of So that neither Iohn Duke of Normandy nor his sonne Charles afterward Charles V. of France were either of them constituted Daulphin as some haue deliuerd but this Philip Duke of Orleans second sonne to Valois since whom that State vpon good reason hath so ordaind that it being a neighbour Territorie to Sauoy and Italy should neuer be further from the Crowns possession then in the sonne and heire apparant Although it seem true that Charles V. sonne and successor to K. Iohn was the first of their Kings which was Daulphinè For the beginning of the Title It s k Andre du Chesne Ant. q. Recerch lib. 4. cap. 2. autres affirmd that about M. LX. vnder Philip I. one Guy Earl or Gouernor of most of that Territorie nam'd it Dauphinè in fauorable respect of a match twixt his sonne the daughter of Daulphin Earl of Albon and Viennois So to perpetuat a name which by alliance had honored his family And l Circe M. CC. X. Petrus de Vineis lib. 2. Epist. 49. Frederique II. writing to his Capitane of Sicily speaks of Delphinus Comes Viennae consanguineus amicus noster And another French m Io. a Bosco Coelestin in Viennae Antiq. Antiquarie saith that Daulphin was the surname of the Earls of Viennois Albon and Aruerne and that they bare for their Coat the Dolphin which afterward being controuerted twixt the deuided house of Viennois and Aruerne it was orderd that they should both bear the Dolphin but with differences Therefore I can hardly think that the word Daulphin was in that part of France or Gaule according to the idiom of the ancient Allobroges they had their seat here and in Sauoy a speciall name for Prince and Daulphinè for Principality Notwithstanding that a most n P. Aemilius histor 8. iudicious autor of the French storie speaking of the marriage twixt one of Philip
with doubt that before Henry III. as well Barons * v. Camdeni Northumbriam of Earls if of like worth as the Kings Barons came all to Parlament For not only the Counts Palatine had their Barons to attend on them in their Courts whereof see the learned Clarenceulx in his Cheshire But also other Earls and by that name Willielmus Comes Glocestriae Dapifero suo Omnibus Baronibus suis hominibus Francis Anglis salutem saith a Deed in my hands of William Earl of Glocester vnder Henry II. And nothing is more common in old Charters of Earls of those times then Omnibus Baronibus Militibus Hominibusque meis which I would translate to all my tenants of whole Baronies to all such as hold of mee by Knights seruice and to my other Tenants Neither was the title of Prince due to any by ancient opinion which had not some Barons vnder him Yet Earls and all aboue them are cleerly Princes Therefore in the r Th. de Walsingham A. 1278. Concord twixt Lewhelin Prince of Wales and Edward I. fiue Barons about Snowdon and their Homages were reseru'd to Lewhelin quia se Principem conuenienter vocare non posset nisi sub se aliquos Barones haberet ad vitam suam And the King had Barones suos so distinguisht An old s Placit apud Theokesb coram W. de Ralegh ante Pentecost 18. Hen. 3 rot 1. in dors Sussex Record Dominus Rex mandauit Petro de Riuallis quod mitteret ei Willielmum Filium Heredem Iohannis de Breuse eo quod debuit esse Baro suus Homo suus ad Nutriendum in Domo sua And Barones Regis ipsius Archiepiscopi atque illorum Episcoporum homines multi are rememberd in an old plea t In praefat D. Ed. Coke ad Commentar 9. vnder the Conqueror between Lanfrank Archbishop of Canterburie and Odo Bishop of Bayeux Therfore in the Graund Charter you read Si quis Comitum vel Baronum nostrorum siue aliorum tenentium de Nobis c. because then were ther diuers Barons which were not immediat Barones Regis yet at that time perhaps Parlamentarie where also is confirmd that value of a Baronie at CD Marks yeerly reuenue the Relief of the Kings Baron beeing by ancient custom of England C. Marks For the Relief is alwaies in the Dignities of this State the fourth part of the Reuenue as euery yong Student knows and is toucht in the Chapter of Counts Yet note that as touching Barons and Counts that custom was not till K. Iohn when the Grand Charter was first made or K. Henry III. his time For De Baronijs saith u Ita etiam Geruas Tilburiensis in Dialog de Scaccario Glanuil writing of Reliefs vnder Hen. II. nihil certum statutum est quia iuxta voluntatem misericordiam Domini Regis solent Baroniae Capitales de Releuijs suis Domino Regi satisfacere Where obserue the distinction of Baroniae Capitales from such as were of like possessions but Tenants and Barons to subiects And it might be collected that vntill by this proportion of Relief brought to a certaintie and grounded vpon the value of a Knights fee the Relief whereof was by Common law certain the distinct number of Knights Fees for a Baronie was not vsed I am as yet of that opinion Yet such as neither held XIII Knights Fees and a third part of the King or any other were notwithstanding and by reason of their Dominion and Lordship titled in those times Barons that is euery Lord of a Mannor whence as before is said the name of Court Baron remains For in the x 9. Rich. 1. Houed part post sol 442. 443. report of the Aid and Hydage granted to Richard 1. the order was that the Collectors should cause to come before them Senescallos Baronum illius Comitatus de qualibet villa Dominum vel Balliuum Uillae and that for the leuying of it quilibet Baro cum Vicecomite facerct districtiones super homines suos And thus were there in those times three sorts of Barons by Dominion and Iurisdiction Barones Regis whose Baronies were Capitales The Barons of Subiects holding not of the King but by a mesnalitie and both Parlamentarie if possessing XIII Knights Fees and the third part but a third rank of such as were Lords of Mannors but not of so large possessions or Reuenue Out of this may be vnderstood why and in what sense Baronagium Angliae Rex Baronagium suum and sine assensu Baronagij sui or Barnagij sui so often occurre in our old stories taken as well for the King and the whole State somtimes as for the Greater Nobilitie For although Counts had not then their speciall creations into Barons as of later time yet hauing their Reuenue of CCCC pounds they were Comites or Comitum Pares and so the lest value which was the possessions of the Baron the lest of the Greater Nobilitie being so many Marks that all might be comprehended the generall name of Baronagium somtimes Barnagium was applied and in that kind by the name of Baronie one anciently y Gower prolog in Confess Amantis speaks of the whole Nobilitie The Priuiledge of Regalie Was safe and all the Baronie Worshipd was in his estate and. an old z Chez Cl. and Fanchet d Orig. liure 2. chap. 5. Romant of the French De Courtoise de Bernage Ot il assez en son courage Where Bernage for Baronage is taken saith Fauchet for Noblesse perhaps rather for Humanitie But somtimes Rex Baronagium suum is for the King and all his subiects or the whole Parlament representing them And so it comes from Baron as it interprets a Man or Tenant as if you should say Rex Homines sui Out of this discourse is vnderstood also why euery Lord of a Mannor hath his Court Baron and why our Plea in the Common-law of Hors de son Fee is exprest in a Mich. 5. Ed. 2. fol. 66. Ms. Int. Temp. Biblioth Cas. VValton Covvike ancient time by Hors de Vostre Baronie and how a Tenure per Baroniam might then bee of a subiect as also what is b West 2. cap. 46. v. 23. Ed. 3. fol. 11. Cas. 9. tenere per Baroniam per partem Baroniae and what the demanding of a Baronie by Writ in our year-books is whereof examples are 1. Ed. 3. fol. 9. b Louedayes assise 18. Ed. 2. tit Assise 382. 2. Ed. 3. fol. 6. b. and such more and how the Tenures of all Baronies were in c Case Seigneur Cromvvell Report 1. fol. 81. Chief if you vnderstand as you must the Regiae or Capitales Baroniae Of these it seems was that number of CCL which Henrie III. reckond in his Deuotions at S. Albons Nominauit saith Matthew d Paris Dominus Rex numerauit omnes Angliae quarum ei occurrit memoria Baronias inuenitque Ducentas
it s mentiond that Richard Coeur de Lion purposd a like vpon som comfort receiud in his wars against the Turks and Agarens from S. George Illabente are the words per Diui Georgij vt opinatum est interuentum spiritu venit in mentem vt quorundam electorum Militum cruribus coraceum subfibulum quale ad manus tunc solum habebat induceret quo futurae Gloriae memores ex condicto si vincerent ad rem fortitèr ac strenuè gerendam expergefierent ad Romanorum instar apud quos illa Coronarum varietas The Kings of England are Soueraigns of the Order and Henrie V. ordaind the King of Heralds Garter for it Many suprem Princes haue been honord with it Why this was dedicated to S. George may easily be known if you remember how vniuersall a Patron he is in Christianitie For although hee be n v. 10. Hen. 7. cap. 20. Statut. Hiberniae now with vs as particular as S. Denis in France S Iames in Spain S. Andrew in Scotland S. Mark in Venice S. Patrike in Ireland S. Antonie in Italy yet not only the Emperor Frederique III. Pope Alexander VI. and the State of Genoa of later time ordaind certain Colledges of Knights de la Croce vnder S. George against the profest enemies of Christ and the Armes of the great Duke of Moscouie are iust as our S. George but also this very name of the Saint is vsually taken for Christ himselfe and his Serpent for the Diuell It s true that our Edward III. made his inuocation at the battell of Caleis Ha Saint Edward Ha Saint George and that Rama or as others o Anna Comnena Alexiad n. Malmesb. lib. 4. alij Ramel where in the Holy Warres about M. XCV a Bishop in honor of him was constituted because in an p Robert Monach hist. Hierosolym lib. 8. apparition Celestial and of the Albati Milites he was affirmd to be the Standard-bearer or Antesignanus is the place famous for his Martyrdome and Shrine and other particulars in the Legend occurre to this purpose yet Georgij saith Pope q Dist. 15. c. 3. § item gesta Gelasius aliorumque huiusmodi passiones quae ab haereticis perhibentur conscriptae propter quod ne vel leuis ordiretur subsannandi occasio in sancta Romana ecclesia non leguntur In the Greek Menologie hee is cal'd Tropelophorus which is so cited by that great Cardinal Baronius But I wonder hee mended it not Plainly it should be Tropaeophorus And an Eastern s Ioann Euchait in Hypomneum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 51 Bishop writing to Constantin Monomachus calls S. George 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And in another place hee calls him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by which name to the Greeks he was known Of him you haue enough in the Martyrologies in the XXIII of Aprill on which the feast of these Knights is celebrated with great solemnitie at Windsor where the Chappell is dedicated to our Ladie and S. George the Dean being Register of the Order and you may see also Erhard Celly in his late description of Frederique Duke of Witemberg his installation into it by fauour Of the Round Table of our present Soueraign The Mahumedans honor t Cantacuzen Apolog. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 him as we They call him Chederle which one expresses by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Som talk of S. George born by King Arthur in one of his Banners But what is deliuerd of that Prince is so vncertain that euen the truth of his honord deeds is by incredible reports of him obscur'd Yet by the way his Order of the Round Table must not here bee forgotten Some make his first celebration of it at Caerleon in Monmouth others at Winchester where the Table is supposd yet to be but that seems of later date and Camelot in Somerset is famous u v. Leland Assert Arturij alios by it Of Winchester and the marriage of Igerne to Vter Pendragon father to Arthur Harding speaks as if Vter had begun it for Knights and Ioseph of Arimathia for religious persons And at the Day he wedded here and cround And she ferforth with child was then begonne To comfort her he set the Table round At Winchester of worthiest Knights alone Approued best in Knighthood of their foone Which table round Ioseph oâ— Arimathie For Brother made of the Saint x Sang Real i. Sangue Royal or Christs Bloud see if you will the storie of Arthur Gral only In which he made the sige perilous Where none should sit without great mischief But one that should be most religious Of Knights all and of the Round table chief The Saint Gral that should recouer and acheue By aduenture of his fortunitie It s like enough some such thing as Arthurs Order of this kind might be For out of Heger Earl of Mansfeild his being of it the antiquitie of y Spangb apud Ortelium in Mansfeild that Earldom in Saxonie is deriud and in Denbighshire as Stow tells vs in the Parish of Lansannan on the side of a stonie hill is a circular plain cut out of a main rock with some XXIV seats vnequall which they call Arthur's Round Table But many particulars of it as the names of the Knights the certain number their Coat Armor and such more whereof too largely are testimonies such as they be extant I beleeu as much as a Rablais liure 2. chap. 30. him that saies Sir Lancelot du lac fleas horses in hell and that all these Arthurian Knights are poor Watermen vpon Styx Acheron and other Riuers there to ferrie Spirits and Diuels vp and Down and that their fare is a fillip on the nose and at night a peece of mouldie bread But for the Round Table it seems it was in vse for Knights to sit at mongst the old Gaules as Posidonius b Athenaeus Dipnos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 remembers and that to auoid controuersie about precedence A forme much commended by a late c Gemos. Halograph lib. 3. cap. 9. Writer for the like distance of All from the Sâ—lt being Center first and last of the Table furniture It s certain that it hath been in vse since the Normans mongst our Kings and in France Matthew Paris speaks of it in Hen. III. and Mortimer's vnder Edward I. at Kelingworth is famous in storie But what Thomas of Walsingham hath of Edward the third 's at Windsor before the Garter and of Philip of Ualois his in France receiue out of his own words Anno M. CCC XLIV qui est annus regni Regis Edwardi à conquestu terty XVIII Rex Edwardus fecit conuocari plures artifices ad Castrum de Windsore remember that before out of Froissart caepit aedificare domum quae Rotunda Tabula vocaretur habuit aut em eius area à centro ad circumferentiam per semidiametrum c. pedes sic diametrum c c.
Turks is Persia. 106 Aichmalotarchae in the Captiuitie 154 Aijos Phasileos Marchio 131 Ailwin a SaxoÌ„ Earle called Half-king the same with Hehelguinus in others 227. Founder of Ramsey Abbey in Huntingdonshire ibid. Aides to make the sonne a Knight marrie the daughter and redeeme the Lords bodie out of prison 330 Algomeiza Procyon 13 Algebar 13 Alexander sonne to Iupiter Hammon and his picture with Rams hornes 63. whence he was called Dhil karnaijn 140. his being deceiu'd by Anaximenes exprest by an Ancient in Latine verse 157 his request to the High Priest for his name to be giuen to the Priests children 67 Albu Ersalan 111 Alcoran of the Turks worne about a Chaliphs neck 100. in it parts of the old Testament ibid. how many Azoars Sureths or chapters it hath the difference of the Arabique one in that from the Latine 101. the beginning of euery Azoar 102. It was by error giuen to Mahomet by the Angell Gabriel 104 Almumens 101 Ali or Alem Mahomets sonne in law 100. how the Persians and other follow his sect 105. 107 the Alian Sect from another Ali according to some opinion 107 Ali Abasides 107 Alghabassi 99 Aladin in the Turkish storie 112 Alfred the first King annointed in England 133 Alilat the same Goddesse with Lilith 165 Alexius Commen the first creator of those Dignities Sebastocrator Panhypersebastus c. 171 Alderman of all England vnder the Saxons 227 Aldermannus Iuratorum 270. 389 Alderman See more in Ealderman Alodium Alode its deriuation 302 Alodarij Aloarij and the like anciently in England 390 Alsheich 51 Alluph i. Dux 208 Amiras Amera Amir 49. 98. 375 Amir Echur 374. Amir Halem 379 Amir elmumunin i. Rex orthodoxorum 99. seq Amiralius 375 Amiras Amireus if well distinguisht 375. 376. Amir amomenus 99 Amir moumnes 100 Amici Regum and Amici Fratres Rom. Imp. 185 Anaximenes See Alexander Annian Impostures reiected 17 Anglorum Rex Primus in the Heptarchie 30 Anselm Archbishop of Canterburie would haue gone to Rome for his Pall but William II. would not permit him 26 Anaxarchus his iest to Alexander pretending himselfe a God 67 Anni Augustorum 71 Antigonus his answere to a flatterer that calld him God 67 Antiochus sprinkled the Iewes Bibles with Bacon-broth 62 Antonin of what respect the name was in Rome 77 Annointing of Kings 128. whence the originall 129. 387. Annointing of stones and statues mongst the Gentiles and bounds ibid. what Princes were to be annointed by the Roman Prouinciall 130. yet no annointing of the old Irish Kings 57. where it was first vsed in the westerne parts 131. Annointing with holy oile to the French Kings 132. None of their Kings of the first line was annointed 132. British Kings annointed 132. First annointed in the Saxon times 133. Annointing of the English Kings with holy oile giuen to Thomas Becket as the tale is reported 134. Annointing makes Kings capable of spirituall iurisdiction 135 Andrew Harkley Earle of Carleil his being degraded of Knighthood vnder Edward II. and the forme of it 3â—7 Andrew S. 370 Apollo to him were consecrate all children cut out of the wombe and why 70 Apostle des Sarazins 66 Apostolique King a title to an Asiatique King 87 Apple so is the Globe calld whereon the Crosse is infixt 158. Three apples in Iupiters statue at Constantinople 159 Appenages of France 196. whence the word Appenage 198 Arbelus 9 Arsacides 76 Areta a name of the Hagaren Kings 76 Arduelles or Ardebil 107 Arthurs seale 160. Arthur and his Round Table 365 Arundel Castle 235. Earldome of Arundel begunne 236. its essence by reason of the Castle and precedence 236. 237 Armories Setting of Crownes on them 196. 197. 206. See Crownes when they began to be borne hereditarily in Praefat. and there of their being giuen by Patent more borne by some Mahumetans painted anciently 380 Armes of the Daulphinè France to be quartered 173. Of Moscouie 362. and see in Beta Of Saxony 152 Armes giuen in enfranchisement 326. 327. and see in Knights Of armes descendible to the heire 322 Arch-duke how ancient the name 194. Of Lorrain ib. Arlic i. Honorable 223 Armiger 340. 341. whence the dignitie hath its name 343 Archbishops worth 204 Arabians See in Vashlu Assyrian Monarchie and its continuance 6. 7 Assur built not Niniueh 8 Astaroth 65 Astronomie of Homer explaned 14 Astrologers 67. 166. 185 Asia the westerne part of it sometimes beside what is truly Greece called Greece 75 Assit principio Sancta Maria meo 101 Asser Ben Cheter 105 Astures King of them 80. Prince of Asturia 170 Ataulph purposd for a title in Empire 76 Athelstans greatnesse thinking it more honourable to make a King then be one 35. his Charter 303 Athenian Prince calld Great Duke 194 Augustus would not bee called Dominus 47 Augustus why and how a title to the Emperor 70. 71. its deriuation 71. vsed by other Princes 71. and 72 Augere Hostias 71 Aureum Pomum wheron the crosse is borne 160 Auratus Eques 317. and 361 Aureorum Annulorum jus See in Rings B BAal 9. and 65 Baal Hanan the same as Hannibal 67 Baal-samaim the same with Iupiter Apollo Pan. 9 Banners giuen in inuestiture and in committing the gouernment of a Prouince 28. 29. 191. 378. 379 Banner square who may beare it with his Armes on it 353 Bannerets their Name and Creation 353. seq a Banneret discharged of being Knight of the Shire 355. 356. and of their Precedence ibid. See in Sanziacks Bani of Hungarie 381 Babylonian Scepters and Rings 155 Babylon and Bagdet 93 Bagded is the old Seleucia vpon the confluence of Tigris Euphrates 93 Baetulus from Bethel deriu'd into the Heathen 129 Babamus in Turkish Our Father 122 Bacon the Frier his bookes spoild by ignorant Monkes 109 Baltheus what 311 Balteus auratus constellatus 309 Basilius Macedo the Easterne Emperor his finding fault with Lews II. the Western about the title of Emperour 22. 23 Basileus 21. seq 35 Barbaquan Barbican 89 Barons and Baronie the etymon of the word 259. seq what they are 265. 266. Of France 266. of England before the Normans 267. seq vntill 273. Barons after the Normans and Parlamentarie 274. 278. and 280. 283. Value of a Baronie 274. and 232. Peers to Barons i. Pares Baronum 274. 275. Barons to Earls 247. 275. without Barons the name of Prince anciently not supported 275. Baronies how many in England vnder Hen. III. 278. First Baron created by Patent in England 281. Baro and Baronia coniugata 282. and 283. Primus Baro Angliae 283 Baron and Lord. 284. Baronie of Earles giuen to their heires apparant 284 Barons of Scotland 285. late and ancient 286. 287. difference of those of France of later time and Barons of England Scotland 288. Barons in France haue the right of wearing a Gilt Helmet 288. and a Chaplet of gold 289. Of Spaine
289. like Los Ricos Hombres in Spain and Valuasors in the Empire ibid. A Barons ancient inuestiture and Banner 353. See in Cheualier and in Grestock and in Stafford Baro in Cicero Persius 258 Barons of the Exchequer 347. 391 Barons of the Cinque Ports 216 Baronagium Angliae Barnagium 277 Barigildi 264 Barn or Bern and Bernage 267 Bardus 260 Barkshire the old custome there in paying Reliefs 272 Bauiere the Dukedome anciently hereditarie and how vnder the French Kings 190 Bachelor Knights their deriuation 336 Batalarij and Baccalaurei 336 Bandum 354. 355 Baronetti in old Storie 355 Baronets created by King Iames. 356 357. their precedence 358 Bath Knights of the Bath 359. seq Bassa and Bassilar 376 Beaumont first Viscount in England 256 Beauchamp first Baron by Patent 281 Bel. 9 Belenus and Belin who they were in the British and Gaulish Idolatrie 9. 10 Belatucadre a British Deitie 10 Belus was Nimrod 6. seq how they came to be the same 9. seq Beltishazzar the name of Daniel 66 Beldigian the Aethiopique Emperor his title 86. 88 Belul Gian i. Prester Iohn 85 Belisama Minerua a Goddesse in an old Inscription 11 Bees mongst them an exemplarie State 4 Benauente first Dukedome in Castile 205 Beta's in the Coat of Constantinople 21 Berosus the true one 8. the false one 17 Besemi Allahi alrrhehmeni alrrhehimi the beginning of euery Azoar of the Alâ—oran and of the Mahumedans bookes and spoken religiously in the beginning of euery work vndertaken 101 Beg and Beglerbeg 377. 379 Begluc and Beglerbegluc 377 Bilinumtia 10 Bishops anciently inuested by the Staffe or Rod and Ring 200. the making of Bishops without Conge d'eslier giuen to Ed. VI. by Act of Parlament 201 Birrus 194 Bishops how Barons 282. 347. wont to sit in the Sherifs Turne 225. when that altered ibid. 388 Bishops titles 118 Bishops how they partake of the Prerogatiues of the Greater Nobilitie 347 Bij 383 Black Prince See Prince of Wales Bohemia created into a Kingdome 28 Britons and Britain A prophecie that the Britons should be Emperors of Rome 38. Constantine the Great born in Britain 37. See Christian and in England and English Breunin and Uhrennin i. King 45 Bretagne The Dukes greatnes there 116. forbidden to write Dei gratia ibid. Of that was the first Duke known by the distinct Title in France 149 Bructerans where they had their habitation 176 Brutes Oracle 36 Breeches how in vse anciently 148 Buccellatum what 336 Bulk Bulcoglar and Bulcouitz 78 Bulgarie the Kings prerogatiue there by indulgence from the Eastern Empire 22. 23 C CArpi Carpisculus what 72 Caradenizi 1. Mare delle Zabach 90 Carachan Carchan a dignitie 89 Carathay 90 Cardarigan and Carderigas dignities 90. 91 Calendar 378 Carniola Dukedome to be made by the Archduke 193 Carpaluc 1. Mare delle Zabach in Scythian 90 Cafe the place heretofore of the inauguration of the Sophi 95 Cap of Purple of the Moscouite 152 Cappa Honoris 207. 239 Capitaneus and Capitania 265. 289 Caesar and Caesarea Celsitudo giuen to the Grand Signior 104 Caesar Iul. how he refused the name of King 19. Caesar how that Title began in the Empire 69. when in the Successors apparant 170. it signifies an Elephant 69. 70 Caesar as it was a dignity in the Eastern Empire 171. 122 Capitales Baroniae 276 Capita Captiuitatis 154 Capellani or Chaplains whence so call'd 243 Caduceus of Mercurie 155 Caruagia and Carucagia 270 Causia the Macedonian Cap. 145 Capcanus 91 Canis in the Scaligeran Family 92 Canopie born by whom 216 Cam or Can See Cham. Caliph See Chaliph Caspian Sea or Mer de Bachu 106 Catholique the Title of Spain 80. 131 Caualieri di Sprone di Collana 383 Celebalatzaijr 1. the Procyon 13 Celts a genèrall name for the Europaeans 75 Celsitudo 120 Ceremonie in making the Chaliph 95. for Ceremonies see in Annointing in Banners in Sword in Bishops 152. and in Earth and Water in Inuestiture 207 Cernouitz 78 Chaldaeans their incredible stories of 150000. yeares 61 Chaldè in Aethiopia 86. 23 Chaganus whence and what 91 Cham Chahan Can. 90. 383 Cham or Chan of Cathay the Title whence 87. seque his Title 92. and see 98. Champagne Palatins 246 Chanaranges a dignitie 91 Chanoglan 89 Chaplets of leaues worne by Kings 145. 152 Chastellans of Poland 24â— Chaliphs and Chaliphat the ancient and their ends 93. what and whence Caliph 94. 97. Chalifs inauguration 95 Chaliph and Papa being the same 90 Chaliph of Bagdet his Tiar or Cidaris 146. 147 Chazaria 1. Taurica Chersonesus 91 Cheque what 111 Chondichâ—ar a Turkish addition of greatnesse 103 Children receiued at their birth in purple 83 Children like their parents in Praefatione Christ figured in the two first letters of his name 161 Christianissimus to the French 78 Christianitie speciallie among the Franks very ancient 79 Christian King first in Britain 78 Chlouis of France was not annointed King 131 Childbirth See Adam Chester a Writ of Right for part of the possessions of the Earldome anciently against Iohn the Scot Earle there 233. 244. made a Countie Palatin 247 Cheualier euery Parlamentary Baron so called in his Writ 283. whence deriu'd 332. the same with Miles 332. 334 Cheorlborn and Cheorlman mongst our Saxons 267. 268 Cinque Ports 216. See Barons Cimbrians who 294 Cidaris Citaris 144 Citie first built 14 16 Cingis or Cinchis Cham. 87. 88. 92 Cingulum Militis 309. Cingulum Otiosum Dignitatis militiare 312 Cinctura See in Dukes and Earles created Clarissimus 383 Cleargie men not to iudge in life and death 253 Cleta 76 Clito and Clitunculus 176 Cock See in Nergal Collar of SS 343 Collars giuen to Knights 362. 333 Common wealth how it began 2 Computation of years from the beginning of the world 6. and see in the Title of the old Roman Emperors 19. of the late and Christian. 171 Persian computation from their Neuruz 112. from the Arabian or Mahomedan Hegira 163 Compagnon le Roy. 44 Comes 220. how it differd from or was the same with Dux 182. 183 184. 186. 187. seq the same with Dux and Maâ—chio sometimes 213 Comes Matronae 219 Comites Maiores Minores 187 220 Comes See Counts Primi Secundi Tertij Ordinis 183 Comitiua 183. 184. seq Primi Ordinis ibid. Comitatenses Legiones 220 Comites Consistoriani 220 Comites whence the word deriu'd 228. 232 Comitiua Vacans 184 Comes Palatij was not the same with Maire du Maison 243. and of them more there following 385 Commarepani 209. 319 Consilium Domini Regis 279 Countors 292 Constable of England 216 Congé d'eslier 201 Concret See in Abstract Court Baron 273 Constantinople the Coat 21 Constantine the Great first of the Emperors writing himself Dominus publiquely 48. his DonatioÌ„ to the See of Rome 56. 151. he first vsd a Diadem how
Hidata Terra non Hidata 271 Hide of Land 271 Hidage what 270 Hippobatae 333 Hlafe afford Hlafford 61. Hlafe-die for Ladie 61 Honor and Reuerence Parents to Maiestie 121 Honor and Vertue their Temple in Praefat. Honorarij Codicilli 185. 220 Holland Earldom when began 194. 195 Holds 225 Holy Iland 248 Horse from it the name of Knight in all languages but English 332. 333. See in Haire Hunggiar a Turkish Title 103. giuen to a great fat Hog by Ismael Sophi in dishonor of Baiazeth 104 Humbert Daulphin 172 Hugh le Bigod his surrendring the Earldome of Norfolk 231 I IAuan vsd sometimes for Syria 75. 76 Iariffe i. Seriph 97 Iacupbeg 105 Ic dien 272 Idolatrie its beginning 9 Iewes their honoring of the New Moon 164. See in Sunne and in Childbirth Their Oaths Contracts and Seales 328. 329 Iewish Kings Crown 153 Ilethyia for Lucina whence 165 Illustres 383. 385 Imperator the name 19. 20. seq See Emperor Imperator Dominus to the Kings of England 25. 26. 35 Imperatori Proximus a Title 172 Images of the Roman Nohilitie in Praefat. Infulae 149 Inferiors to superiors their forme of speaking 114. 115 In Hoc Vince 16â— Infantes and Infanta 179 Inuestiture of Prouinces 1â—1 See in Duke Marquesse Count c. and in Bishops Iudex Fiscalis 221. 227 Ioannes cognomento Digitorum 56 Iohn an vnluckie name to Kings 205 Ioannes Belul for Prester Iohn 15. 86 Ioannes Encoe ibid. Iohn of Sarisburie vnder Henrie 11. requested the Pope to giue Ireland to Henrie 11. 56 Iohn afterward King of England made Lord of Ireland with a Crowne of feathers sent from the Pope 57. and afterwards would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran 102 Iosuah Ben Nun remembred in old columns erected by some that fled out of Canaan into Mauritania Tingitania in his time 70 Iochabelul i. Prester Iohn 87 Ireland its Kings anciently 31. 57. See in Dominus in Henry 11. in Iohn of Sarisb in Iohn King Subiect to Edgar a good part of it 55 Ireland Dukes of Ireland 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete and his Epitaph 12. See in Baal His statue vsd to be had in Oaths 158 Iupiter Labradeus his statue 155 his statue in Constantinople 159 Iudith her story examined with coniectures on it 33. 34. not knowen to the Iewes but from Europe 33 Iulian Apostata forbidding to be called Dominus 48 Iudas of Galilee Autor of the Sect which would not allow any Prince the name of Lord. 49 Iuliers made of a Marquisate a Countie 214 Ius Aureorum disputed 324. seq K KArolouitz 78 Karm in Scythian 90 Keshish 110 Kelchyn 286 Kessar i. Caesar. 28 Keyser 70 Kentish-mens Prerogatiue anciently to be in the Uantgard in Praefat Kingdomes how begun 2. 3. seq vsque ad 17 King and Emperor their difference in the Roman Empire 20. seq See in Rex Kings in Clientela Imperatoris 28 Kings subiect to the Empire properly no Kings 29. seq King whence in seuerall languages 44 King crowned before born 145 Kings Freind 185 Kings see in Swearing in Crowns in Annointed in Scepter in Crosse in Knighting in Dukes c. Kings denominating their Nations 74. 75. 76 Kissilpassa whence 83. 106 Kissing the Emperors foot 38. kissing the forefinger or hand in adoration 38. kissing the bands 39 40 forbidden ibid. Hands Knees and Feet ibid. Popes foot 39. 40. why the hand was kissed 40. kissing at Farewels 42. Head Eies and Hands 42. kissing of Iacob by Esau. 42 A Statute against kissing the King 43. Numidian Princes why not kist 43. after Praiers and of Charitie 43. That Templars might not kisse a woman 373 Kidermister first Baronie in England by Creation by Patent 282 Knights and knighting some Course in the ancientest times like knighting 306. by giuing the deseruing arms and bauing him sit at his fathers Table 307. 308 Knighthood receiued from whom 308 Girding in knighthood 309. 310. seq by giuing a blow on the care 312. first mention of a Knighthood in England 313 Knighthood giuen by Churchmen 313. 314. Holie Ceremonies in the ancient taking of Knighthood in England and elswhere 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently 315. Kings knighted by their subiects 315. by other Kings ibid. Knighting by meaner men 316. by a Knight of his owne power 317. form of knighting now 317. a supreme Prince may knight in any Territorie 317. No Knight to be made anciently vnlesse descended of Noble Parentage 318. a Knights Fee 319. and Relief ibid. by what value one may be compelld to take the Order 319. 320 322. Knight with land and without land 320. a Knights Equipage House and Furniture exempt from execution and issues 321. 322. his Arms discendible to his heirs 322. 323. Knights seale 323. if that were a Right of Knighthood 323. Aids to knighting 330. The Father being no Knight shall not haue aid to make the sonne a Knight 331. Knighting discharges Wardship and how 332. whence the name of Knight in seuerall languages 332. Knights Bachelors 336. 337. DegradatioÌ„ of a Knight 337. striking a Knight punished with losse of the hand 339. See in Bath in Banneret in Orders Knighthood to a Mahumedan by a Christian Emperor 380 Knecht 333 Knaue how it anciently signified 341 Knape Knabe 341 Knesi i. Dukes 27 Kneeling to Princes 4â— the answere of Philip 11. of Spain in excuse being saluted with kneeling 42 Konigin 44 Kopach the Russian Emperours Cap. 152 L LAws wont to bee sung and thence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 15 Laws Ciuile when first profest in Praefat. Lauerd for Lord. 61 Ladie 61 Lars Lartes 59 Latins 75 Lazar and Lazars 78 Lamorabaquin in Froissart what 89 Laurell in Triumph 139. whence it was taken and of what tree 148 for the Caesars ibid. against Thunder ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare purple 144 Labarum and its form 161 Lazzi what 177 Lantgraue 221. 222. 246 Lancaster made a Palatinat 247 Lancaster sword 31 Lairds of Scotland 288 Letters 16. Lewes 11. See Basilius Leo X. gaue Henrie VIII the name of Defender of the faith 79. Leshari 105 Leuderique Bishop of Breme taxed of pride for vsing the name of Pastor and such like 118 Lewes XIII of France born 176 Leicester Earldom 235 Leod Bishop 225. 204 Leudes what 264 Leornung Cnechts 333 Leitou Palatins 249 Lewhelin Prince of Wales 275 Liuerie and seisin in some sort of England to the Normans 34 Lilith what 164 Limitum Duces 183. 209 Lithuania 193. 249 Liuonia 194. 240 Lindisfarn 248 Lord. See in Dominus in Iudas of Galilee in Hlafford and of the deriuation of the name 59. 60. 61 expressing a Baron 284 Louerd for Lord. 61 Loof and Loef 61 Lodouicus and Chlouis the same 71. 72. 78 London custome 265 Lords in curtesie 284 Lombards or Longobards 294 Lucanicus and Lucanica 72 Lucius first Christian King of Britain 78 Lunus and Luna 167 Lycosura first Citie according to Graecian
anciently with vs 323. how among the Romans ibid. 329. when they came first hither 327. among the Iewes 328. in white wax in Praefat. Seleucia Bagded 93 Seriph or Seriffe 97 Seithi 97 Senior 110. 111 Serenitas Nostra 120 Sebastocrator 122. 156. 171. 197 Senoi Sansenoi Saminegeloph 165 Seigneurs Suzerains 207 Seneschal 244 Setar i. starra 328 Selefey in Sussex 301 Selden anciently Selkeden in Sussex 321 Sexhendman 334 Seruiens 335 Semiramis built not Babylon 8 Shinaghr 5. 32 Shach Sophi 105. 106 Shach Schach Saa c. 52. 111 Shooes with Eagles 155. See Red. Gilt Shooes 156. 157. See in Moon Shield-knaue 341 Shiregemote 225 Shrifes See Ealdorman and in VicecoÌ„ ViscouÌ„t in Bishops Sixtus Quintus his iest on himselfe for being born domo illustri in Praefat. Sihri 66 Sikerborgh 264 Sigillum Magnum and Sigillum Paruum 330 Siris whence so called the Riuer Nilus Sicilie Princes had Rex giuen them hereditarie 24 Skioldungi a Danish race 74 Soldan Saudan Sultan c. 94. 96. 383 Sophi whence in the Persian Title 107. and in whom first ibid. seq Sophi signifies not a Begger 108. See in Praefat. Sophilars a Sect. 106. 107 Souerraign Lord or Ladie 125 Somerset Earl 217 Sops of wine giuen in making an Earl 239. 240 Solidus duplex 204 Snowdon 215 Sommage and Somme 291 Sonnes of Noble Personages how some of them are accounted in Rank 284. 342 Solidati 335 Soldiers whence the name 335. 336 Spain See in Emperor and in Pragmatica in Dukes Earles Viscounts c. Spurres giuen in Knighthood 317 Spectabilis 383 Speaking or writing to Great Persons 116. 117. 119. 120. 121. seq See in Salutation Stafford Baron 283 Statues and Idolls how first worshipt 9 Stuart that name in Scotland when first Royall and whence 285 Starra the Iews written instruments of Contracts c. whence and where vsd 328 Sunne and its Images how worshipt by the Iews 10. by the Easterns Generall 11. and Persians 167 supposd with 12. beams 140. supposd in Astrologie President of Christianitie 166 Sultan See Soldan Sultan OleÌ„ i. Lord of the world 97 Sultan Gelal Eddin Melic Sa. 111. 112 Sublimitas 120 Sultanlar monie 112 Superiors speaking to Inferiors 114 Surname See Names Summon an Earl in his Countie 233 Summarius 291 Summagium 292 Subuasores 292 Sunni Schia 105 Sueuians old Prerogatiue in Praef. Suppani 381 Superillustris 383 Sword giuen in making a subiect King 29. For Sword see in Cinctura and Gladius and in Inuestiture of Dukes Count or Earl c. and in Knights Swearing See in Othes and in Cosmas Syro-Phoenician Graecian in S. Mark what 75 Synopsis Basilicon 21 Syncellus what 97 T TArtarean Empire 87. 89. 92 Taurica Chersonesus 91 Tangergoglan 93 Tanais 92 Tetragrammaton name of the Almightie whence and how pronounced among the Iews 50. 51 Teggiurlar 77. 381 Temerinda 90 Tenure of the Crown and of the King 266 Tenure of the I le of Man anciently 31. of the Tenants and Princes of the Empire 300 Templars might nos kisse a woman 373 Tecuytles 372 Tiberius his dissimulation 19. 20. he would not be calld Lord. 43. inclin'd to Christianitie 78 Themosis Pharaoh that was drowned in the Red sea 73 Thomas Apostle 88 Tiara what 144. what kind of one the King only wore 144. it was pulld off by the Persians in salutation 144 Thrymsa what 240 Thanes and Thegnes 225. 268. seq Thanus and Thainus 285. 272 Third part of the Counties profits to the Earls 229. 232. 233 Tiptofts rule 284 Thomas Becket See in Annointing and in Oile Timariots 380 Timaria 381 Tongues variation of the Europaean and Asiatique pronunciation 5. 6. Punique and Spanish 52. Hebrew and Maurish anciently the same 69. the Aethiopique Chalde 86. Slauonique and Tartarian 92 Tonosconcolerus 6 Tosch 285 Torniaments 321 Toga Virilis and the time of taking it 305 Truchten i. God or Lord. 61 Triumphall Ornaments whence 249 Tronagium granted 199 Trinoda Necessitas reserued alwayes in Saxon Feoffments 293 Tropaeophorus 364 Troplelophorus 364 Turks names 67. for them see in Mahumedans Turbant or Tulipant 144. 146. 147 Turkish Banner 378 Tzaophi i. Electus whence Sophi 107 Tzodki i a begger 108 Tzaggia and Tzaggae 342 V VAlecti 54. 321 Vashlu point how superstitious the Arabians are in reading it 102 Vacantes 184 Value of Dignities 232 Vaiuods 249. 382 Valuasores what â—65 289 Maiores Minores ibid. 290. 291. See in Vauasour Vauassories 291 Vauasours in France and England 292. and of England in 389. 390. whece the word 298 Valuasini 291 Vadiare legem amittere legem 344 Vassi Vassalli whence 297. 298. seq Velenno 10 Vezir Vezir azem 23. 377 Veromandia 71 Vitreus Ordinationis liber 135 Viennois See in Daulphin Viscounts whence and what in France 250. 251. his inuestiture 256. First in England and Scotland 256 Vicedominus 253. 254 Viguiers 251 Vicecomes whence so called for Shirife 252 Vicarius 252 Vidames whence 253 Virgata Terrae 272 Viro for Baro. 273 Villain knighted 318 Vlu Chan what 88. 89. 92 Vnchan or Vmcham 86. 87. 92 Vnction See in Annointing Volteius Mena Libertus to Pompey 325 Vrum Padischach i. the Emperor 103 Vsum Chasan 105 W W common with Qu. and Gu. 298 Wardships 54. See in Knights Wardships first in England Scotland 302 Wales See Prince 173 Walter Bishop of Ely 228 Werldthegnes what 225 White Kings 83 White in the Diadem proper to Kings 144. 145 Whitespurres 343 Wiltshire-mens Prerogatiue In Praefat. Witiscalc what 262 Wite 262. 263. 389 Wittenagemotes 226. 279 WisemeÌ„ of the East not Kings 108 Wife putting her away and taking her againe one of the execrations in the Mahumedans Oath 104 William Conqueror his arriuall and stumbling at the shore 34. his subiecting Church lands to the tenures 183 Will 11. his deniall of the Pope 26 Wight the Iles Kings 31 Worlds gouernment according to Hermes 3 Women and wiues called Dominae and Ladies 53 Women theeues drowned 286 Wooll 107 Worship and Worshipfull 124 Worshipfull Prince 124 X XA for Shach 111 Xeriph See in Seriph Y YEers See in Computation Z ZAga Zabo 85. 87 Zamer Chan. 91 Zabergan 91 Zelebi 381 Zosteria Minerua 311 Zuna 111 The end
time professe or read it But when Lothar took Amalfi hee there found an old Copie of the Pandects or Digests which hee gaue as a precious Monument to the Pisans hence it was called h U. Ang. Politian lib. 10. Epist. Marquard Breisacio Litera Pisana from whom it hath been since in M. CD XC VI. translated to Florence where in the Dukes Palace it is almost with Religion preserued and neuer brought forth but with Torches Light and other Reuerence Vnder this Emperor Lothar began the Law to be profest at Bologna where i Odofredus apud Sigonium de Regno Italiae lib. 11. et 7. Irner or Werner as Conrad à Lichtenaw calls him first made Glosses on it about the beginning of Fr. Barbarossa in M. C. L. and by the fauor of this Lothar was Bologna vpon the aduise of Irner it seems constituted to bee k Verba Lotharij ap P. Merul. Cosmog part 2. lib. 4. cap. 33. Legum Iuris Schola vna sola And here was the first Time and Place of that Profession in the Western Empire But Iustinian expressely ordaind that none should teach the Ciuill Lawes except l Constit. de Iuris docendi rat §. Haec autem only in Constantinople Rome and Berytus which although Bartol interprets as of necessitie he was driuen to maintain his Profession with Nisi tempore ius Academiae sit quaesitum yet why then was Bologna no place for the Laws vnder Iustinian for they pretend there to haue been as an Vniuersitie from the Grant of Theodosius the yonger in CD XXIII Plainly vnder Iustinian who euer had taught out of one of those three Cities was Denarum librarum * About thirtie pounds of our monie auri poena plectendus and to be banisht out of the Citie where hee durst so professe Neither would the matter of being a Vniuersitie haue helpt it But before Lothar the Gouernment was by the Salique m Sigon de Reg. Ital. 4. et 8. sub A. 1007. Lombardian and Roman Laws the Roman beeing some piece of what had been vsd in Rome euerie one liuing according to either of them as hee would make choise About the same time also the two Bastard brothers by whose worth and of the third Peter Comestor their Mother thought shee should bee sau'd neither would repent but trusted to hir merit in bearing three so famous Gratian a Monk in Bologna and Peter Lombard at Paris one made the Decree the first Volume autorised for Can on Law by Pope Eugenius III and the other the Sentences Such as since haue writen on the Digests 〈◊〉 Code vntill the cleerer light of Learning began mongst our Fathers talk for the most part like Rablais his Bridoye Some most honord of later time that vnderstood their Text and studied the Laws as well because they would curiously know as bee meerely * Continuall Practisers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haue with iudgment instructed in part of this Purpose The Margine confesses without blushing their and all other mens helps If either Enuie or Ignorance question how I bred from the bottome of Obscuritie and so farre from Court-Custome should dare at these Honors let it know I learn'd long since from a Great Clerk that Robert Bishop of Lincoln vnder Henrie III That there was in Libraries greater aid to the true vnderstanding of Honor and Nobilitie then mongst Gold and Purple outsides Hee beeing demanded by the King Vbi n Io. de Aton in Constit. Othoboni tit de Bonis Intestat verb. Baronum Moraturam didicit quâ Filios Nobilium Procerum Regni quos secum habuerat Domicellos instruxerat cum non de Nobili prosapia sed de simplicibus traxisset originem fertur intrepidè respondisse that hee was taught it in the Courts of greater Princes then the K. of England meaning of those Ancients whose Courts were represented in his Volumes of Storie In Coniectures I durst not bee too bold Where but meer fancie can direct it were ridiculous to regard them but when they seem to offer themselues they deserue the choise of Iudgment That Religious abstinence of the old Iews who referd all such Dignos vindice Nodos as were too difficult for their humanitie to Elias his resolution were good to be proportionably more obseru'd in all Learning especially by those which are and too manie are so vnfortunat in their ghesses that on the apparantly worst of diuers they often insist Malicious Censure I regard not Ingenuous I honor Reader Farewell The summe and first Pages of the Chapters The chiefe Matter only of them the particulars being in the Contents before euery Chapter Of the first Part. CHAP. I. THe beginning of a Monarchie the first King pag. 1 CHAP. II. Difference of King and Emperor and much of them the great Duke or Emperor of Muscouy or Russia pag. 18. CHAP. III. Lord. Lord of Ireland Shah and the like pag. 46. CHAP. IV. Caesar Augustus Pharaoh Most Christian King Catholike King Defender of the Faith and such like pag. 68. CHAP. V. Prester Iohn Cham or Chan. Chaliph Amir Almumenin Of the Alcoran Persian Sophi Schach Xa Saa and the like pa. 85. CHAP. VI. Particular formes of Speaking to or by great Persons Maiesty Speaking in the Abstract or Concret Worship and 〈◊〉 pag. 114 CHAP. VII Annointing of Kings Crowns A disputation against receiued opinion of Crowns Tulipant Crowns of seuerall Princer Scepters Globe and Crosse. Croissant of the Mahumedans pag. 128. Of the second Part. CHAP. 1. PRinces apparant successors Caesar. Rex Romanorum Despot Daulphin Monsieur Etheling Clyto Prince of Wales Pr. of Scotland Infanta Prince of Astura pag. 168. CHAP. II. Dukes Of them Counts and Marquesses as the names were anciently confounded Archduke Coniecture whence the seuerall formes of Crowns for subiect Princes came into these Western parts Dukes in seuerall Nations pag. 182. CHAP. III. Marquesses in seuerall States pag. 209. CHAP. IV. Counts and Earles Graffes pag. 219. CHAP. V. Counts Palatin the speciall beginnings of euery of ours in England pag. 241. CHAP. VI. Viscounts and Vidames pag. 250 CHAP. VII Barons the Notation of the word and its seuerall Notions Thanes Vauasours and diuers like p. 258 CHAP. VIII The beginning of Feuds Of the old Saxon Tenures somewhat pag. 293. CHAP. IX Knights and ancient and later formes of Knighting A Knights Fee and Furniture Ius sigilli Aureorum Annulorum Seales Aides Miles Degrading a Knight pag. 305. CHAP. X. Esquyer Armiger Peeres pag. 340. CHAP. XI Bannerets Baronets Knights of the Bath Of the Collar or the particular Orders of Knighthood with their beginnings and chiefe particulars pag. 352. CHAP. XII Turkish Dignities some of Tartarie Clarissimus Spectabilis Illustris Superillustris Patricij pa. 376. Reader At the end are some Additions which I would haue you read with the context The Pages there noted and the Lines will direct you pag. 387. Then follow I. The Faults of the Print corrected and by them
mend your Copy and where Points Accents Letters inverted or otherwise and the like are amisse as sometimes they are neither could I preuent it let your humanity excuse both Mc and the Workmen In page 13. of the Preface li. 22. read stronger And pa. 19. l. vlt. Torch-light And also read Wite for Wee in page 389. pag. 391. II. A collection into a Table of all the more speciall Autors whose Testimonie we haue vsd with direction to those places where wee haue either transcribed old Mss. Records Charters or the like as also where any ancient Writer is not vulgarly explaned or amended III. The words of the Eastern Tongues more specially herein interpreted IV. Such of the Greek words most of them being Barbarous and vnusual as haue herein their explanation V. A direction to the places where any thing more particularly pertaining to our Common Laws occurres VI. A generall Table for the more ready finding out of the Contents by the Pages TITLES OF HONOR FIRST PART Out of Nature and a Democracie a Monarchie deriued 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The first King or Monarch whereof any good testimonie is Shinaghr and Babel The variablenesse of the Europeans from the Asians in Asiatique names Nimrod was not Ninus but Belus Continuance of the Babylonian Monarchie The time of Nimrods Kingdome against common opinion Peleg Nimrod and Abraham liued not together Semyramis built not Babylon Nimrod not Ninus or Ashur built Nineneh Why he is called Belus How sacred statues came first to be worshipt and the true beginning of Idolatrie Bel or Baal the same with Apollo Pan and the like and was the Sunne Belenus or Abellio among the Gaules and Britons was Apollo How the Iewes worshipt the Sunne The Persian Salchodai and Mithra what they are The Gods of those Eastern parts adored in our Western Iupiters Tomb and Epitaph in Crete and why the Cretans are called alwaies Liers Some make Nimrod to be honoured in Orions name among the Constellations How they agree in name and actions Orion and Cynosura the two Princes of the Heauens in old Astronomie Homers Astronomie explaned The supposition of the golden world idle As idle that obseruation that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. a prescribed law is not in Homer Vse of singing Lawes The Fables of the Chaldeans and Grecians with the Annian impostures reiected CHAP. I. COmmunitie of life and Ciuill Societie beginning first in particular Families vnder Oeconomique rule representing what is now a common-welth had in its state the Husband Father and Master as King Hence many Colonies which whithersoeuer deduced were Cities Townes Villages or such like In them deserued Honor added to the eminencie of some fit mans Vertue made him by publique consent or some by his own ambition violently got to be what euery of them were in proportion to their owne Families that is ouer the common state and as for the common good King Thus came first Cities to be gouerned by Kings as now whole Nations are And in the Heroique times before the Olympiads when most of the Grecian fables are supposed such as shewed themselues first publique benefactors to the Multitude either by inuention of Arts Martiall prowesse encreasing of Traffique bettering or enlarging the Countrie or such like were saith Aristotle by seuerall Nations constituted Kings ouer them and by generall consent left lines of hereditarie succession So that naturally all men in Oeconomique rule being equally free and equally possest of superioritie in those Ancient propagations of mankind euen out of nature it selfe and that inbred sociablenesse which euery man hath as his character of Ciuilitie a Popular state first rais'd it selfe which by its owne iudgement afterward was conuerted into a Monarchie both by imitation of as well the subordinat as Supreme Rule wherevnder the whole Systeme of the world is gouerned as taking also example from vnreasonable creatures in whom because the libertie of discourse was wanting Nature it selfe had placed that instinct of chusing alwaies One for their Prince or Leader Hardly was any so Idolatrous that could not vpon mature consideration as a Theophil Antioch ad Autolyc lib. 3. Orpheus did in his last Will and Testament confesse a vnitie of Nature in that multiplicitie of Names which fabulously they applied to the Deitie and acknowledge that b Apuleius de Mundo idipsum autor libri qui eo nomine Aristotelis falsò nuncupatur quod est in trirâ—mi gubernator in curru rector praecentor in choris lex in vrbe dux in exercitu Hoc est in mundo Deus which was long since affirmed by such as knew not how to worship the true God yet were resolued of his vnitie Hereto are according diuers and frequent testimonies of the ancient Gentiles disperst both in c Macrob. Saturn 1. Iustin. Martyr 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lactantius de fals relig cap. 5. alij prophane and holy Writers Hence they could not but thinke that the imperfections of the giddie-headed multitudes gouernment would be much repaired if they subiected themselues to some eminent One as they saw themselues and what els was to be in regard of the vnseen Creator In a d Trismâ—gist in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Idem ferè apud Eâ—phant Pythagoric Stob. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 48. Tract attributed to Hermes whom some dare affirm ancienter then Moses and the Egyptians accounted as a God Isis is personated thus instructing Horus Whereas my sonne there are foure places in the Vniuerse subiect to an immutable law and command that is the supreme Heauen the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Orbes the Aire and the whole Earth Aboue my sonne in the supreme heauens the Gods vnderstand Angels and ministring spirits haue their habitation who as all things els are ruled by the Maker of all things In the Orbes the Starres are gouerned by their great enlightner the Sunne In the Aire are soules ouer whom the Moone hath command In the Earth are Men and other liuing creatures whose Gouernor is Hee that for the time is King The very patterne of a royall State you see deriued out of the worlds fabrique and its particular subiections although I importune you not to credit the supposed antiquitie of the author nor his whole assertion being in part impious And confirmation of the fitnes of this vnity in gouernment they had from e Senec. Ep. 91. irrationall creatures mongst whom that one Kind specially which is commended in both profane and holy authoritie to man for its exemplary qualities hath herein preeminence That of Bees All honor assist and obey One Ille f Georgic 4. operum custos illum admirantur omnes Circumstant fremitu denso stipantque frequentes Et saepè attollunt humeris corpora bello Obiectant pulchrámque petunt per vulnera mortem as the diuine Virgil of them And the Grecians haue a proper word for the King of Bees whom they call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by translation Callimachus
quem vellet Papam eligere nec erat alterius Apostolicum etiam nominare Rex Willielmus allegauit eandem rationem quod nullus Archiepiscopus vel Episcopus regni sui Curiae Romanae vel Papae subesset praecipuè cum ipse omnes libertates haberet in Regno suo quas Imperator vendicabat in Imperio which withall shews how false that of Bertold of m In ap ad Herm. Contract ann 1084. Circ M. C. L. Constance is slandering William the first with slauish submission of England to the See of Rome So when Alfonso the VII King of Castile had gotten most of Spains territories vnder him rediens saith the n Roderic Toletan lib. cap. 7. Storie Legionem imposuit sihi Imperij Diadema vocatus fuit deinceps Imperator Which notwithstanding is against the flattering rules of the Imperiall and barbarous o Bartol ad Con. ff §. Omâ—em Ciuilians who of the German Emperors haue durst deliuer that Ratione Protectionis Iurisdictionis Imperator est Dominus Mundi quia tenetur totum mundum defendere protegere sed Particularium rerum non Dominus sed Princeps As if that weaker Greatnes extended in any of their times beyond Italy and Germany For that long since spoken of the Roman Empire that it was p Lamprid. in Alex. Seuero Imperium quod tenet Imperium long since also failed And in those countries hath not been so gelded that scarce any King is but hath his power neerer to his name The Tramontan Doctors haue been of another opinion as they had reason liuing in other States They allow the q Chassan Catal. Glor. Mundi part 5. consid 27 Vide si placet Alciat de Sing Certam cap. 32. Emperor to haue supremacie but not ouer the King of France nor Spain they might well adde nor of England Scotland Danemark or the like which by prescription of time regaining of right or Conquest are as the other in no kind subiect or subordinat to any but God And therefore by an act r Pâ—rl 5. Iacob 3. cap. 30. of Parliament of Scotland it was long since ordained Sen our souerain Lord hes full iurisdiction and Free Empire within this Realme that his hienesse may make Notares and Tabelliones quahis instruments sall haue full faith in all causes and contractes within the Realme And in time to come that na Notar be maid or to be maid be the Emperours authoritie haue faith in contractes ciuill within the Realme lesse then hee be examined be the Ordinar and apprieued by the Kings hienesse Which act it seems had it not been for the Imperialls there in vse according s Bald-in Feud quis dicatur Dux Et Wesenbech in Paratit ff De fide instrument to which Publique Notaries are to bee made only by the Emperor his Palatines or such like need not to haue been made For what might not a King absolute in regard of any superior do which the Emperor could And in England that constitution of Publique Notaries t Regist. Orig. fol. 114. b. in breu de Deceptione was long since without scruple or any Act for it Therefore as the name of Emperor was notwithstanding some particular differences lawfully giuen as well to him of the East as of the West and allowed so by the VVestern r Act. 8. Synod Oecumenic Dist. 63. c. Hadrianus vide verò Capitis 5. extremum vbi Foedus quod icerunt Rodulph 11. Achmetes Turcarum Imperator part in like form it is or may be without difficultie applied to or vsed by any which is truly a King The Dukes of Moscouy anciently had no other title then Weliki Knesi i. in Russian Great Dukes But Basilius that gouerned there about M. D. XX. Grandfather to the last Theodor took to himselfe the name of King or Emperor i. Czar not deriued from Caesar which interpreters mistaking wrot him Emperor and thence is it that wee now vsually call him Emperor of Russia because Caesar is grown as it were proper only to an Emperor but a meer Russian word they vsing Kessar expressely and anciently for the Emperor of Germany different from Czar Yet this title hee vsed not to all Princes In his Letters to the Emperor the Pope the King of Swethland and Dane the Gouernors of Prussia and Liuonia and to the Great Turke hee vsed it but not to the Polonian Neuter n saith my x Sigismund Com. Rer. Moscouitic Ga guin Moschou cap. 5. Imperator totius Russiae in titulo dictus apud I. Fabrum in Epist. ad Ferd. Archiducem autor horum alterius literas nouo titulo auctas accipere dignatur They are neighbours and therfore the more suspect each other But that Basilius held himselfe rather the better man being compard with the Emperor Nomen suum titulum Imperatorio semper praeponens siue loqueretur siue scriberet With his precedence I medle not But I see not reason why he might not vse either the name of King or Emperor out of his own autority as well as the Emperor Neither needed he haue writen to the Pope for the name of King as some affirm hee did But Sigismund beleeus it not because he was euer an enemie to the Pope and the best title he could find for him was neuer aboue Doctor For that of King in Letters to the Polack this Basilus his sonne saith Gaguin vsed it to him that is Iohn Basiliuitz sed a Polono nunquam saith he nisi MAGNI DVCIS titulo honoratur Other y Lit Reg. Elizab ap Hakluit part 1. pag. 339. Princes giue him somtimes the title of Emperor somtimes Great Duke and King But you shall very often meet with the name of King giuen to those which were in Clientela Imperatoris as of old the Princes constituted by the Romans in Parthia Armenia Arabia Persia Iury and other parts of the world For they had as Tacitus a In vit Agricolae saies instrumenta seruitutis Reges And in later times the Emperor created Kings as other titles Frederique Barbarossa in M. CLVIII made b Radeuic lib. 1 cap. 13. verum titulo Regio à Philippo Anti-Caesare donatus est Primislaus M. C. XCIX Arnoldus Lubecensis Slauor lib. 6. cap. 2. Ladislaus Duke of Bohemia King of the same Territorie For that which Otto de S. Blasio hath of it vnder M. C. LXXXVI is to bee referred to that time And other such examples are These may bee and are called Kings and had in them potestatem gladij power of life and death as in the ceremonie of their inuestiture is exprest which was by deliuering a sword Est n. consuetudo Curiae writes an c Otto Frisingens de Frederic 1. lib. 2. cap. 5 vbi librarioum fortean Typographi incuriâ Sueuus Guuto perperà m leguntur ancient Bishop vt regna per Gladium Prouinciae per Vexillum à Principe tradantur vel recipiantur Petrus verò
vs furthermore that their Prince is not properly stiled Emperor of the Abassins but of the Ethiopians The Arabians cal them m Terra Hhabas Ethiopia Ben 〈…〉 min. Tudelens Itinerar pag. 101. Elhabasen from the same reason as we Abassins but they are known to themselues only by the name of Ithiopiawians Of this Belul Gian is made that Beldigian by which Luis de Vretta a Spanish Frier saies they call their Emperor But Bodin notes in his margine to his 1. de Rep. cap. IX that his name is Iochabellul i. gemma pretiosa as he saies I cannot but preferre the testimony of Zaga Zabo an Ethiopian Priest which in this could not deceiue But plainly as the name of Presbyter Ioannes is idly applied to him so it had its cause vpon another mistaking For in the trauails of such as first discouerd to any purpose those Eastern States as they were of later time is mention n Pol. Venet l. 1. cap. 51. seq Ioh. de Plano Carpini c. 5. Will de Rubruquis Itinerar made of one Vncham or Vnchan a great Monarch in those parts where now the Gâ—eat Cham or Chan of Cathay hath his Dominion and him they call Presbyter Ioannes and write that one Cinchis whom they fained to haue been begotten on a poore widow by the Sunne beames as chosen King among the Tartars rebelling against this Vncham ouercame him and from this Cinchis the Tartarian Monarchie hath its originall And some more particulars of it you haue in the life of S. Lewes of France written by De Ionuille a noble Baron of France that was with him in the holy warres Hee calls him in his French Prebstre Iehan This relation is of about M. C. XC and hath made the readers confound the corrupted names of both Princes twixt whom too great distance was to haue the one deriud from the other And some o Aloys Cadamust Nauigat cap. 60. Lud. Vartomann Nauigat 2. cap. 15. vide si placet Gerardi Mercatoris Geographiam trauellers into those parts haue expressely deliuerd them both as one But the Diuine Scaliger teaches that the Asiatique Vncham and his predecessors were calld 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Prestigiani that is in Persian Apostolique and so had the name of Padescha Prestigiani i. Apostolique King because of his Religion being a Kind of Christian as Beldigian is also which in Ethiopique-Chaldé must be exprest by Negush Chawariawi Doubtles the community of sound twixt Prestigiani Presbyter and Precious Gian was a great cause of this error which vntill the Portugalls further acquaintance with the Ethiopians alwayes possest Europe But I wonder how the learned Munster was so much in this matter deceiud that hee supposes the Ebrew Epistle printed in his Cosmographie beginning 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Ego Pristijuan to be as sent from the Ethiopian Emperor especially sith hee took notice of both the Asiatique and African Prince abusd in the name of Presbyter Ioannes The Prestigians affirming in it that Thomas the Apostle was buried in his country makes plain enough that it came from the Eastern parts if not counterfeited The title likewise is much differing from what the Beldigian vses I will onely adde one example out of Beldigian Dauid his Letters to p Damian à Goes Pope Clement VII in Latine thus In Nomine Dei c. Has literas is ego Rex mitto cuius nomen Leones Venerantur Dei gratia vocor Athani Tinghil that is the Frankincense of the Virgin Filius Regis Dauid filius Solemonis filius de manu Mariae Filius Nau per carnem filius Sanctorum Petri Pauli per gratiam Pax sit tibi iuste Domine c. The like is in diuers Letters thence to the Kings of Portugall But for that name of Cham in the Tartarian Empire it signifies Lord or Prince and that Cinchis or Cangius Cingis or Tzingis for by these names he is known was calld Cinchis Cham his sonne and successor Hoccota Cham or rather Chahan or Chan although a q Matth. à Michow de Sarmat Asian lib. 1. c. 8. Polonian which seemd to haue much knowledge in that his neighboring country long since deliuerd thus Imperator eorum Tartarorum Ir Tli Ki lingua ipsorum hoc est liber homo dicitur Dicitur Vlu Cham quod sonat Magnus Dominus siue Magnus Imperator Vlu n. magnus Cham vero Dominus Imperator est Eundem aliqui magnum r Dog Imperator Canis dictus est vbique Odorico in Itinerario I. de Plano Carpini Canem dixerunt male interpretati sunt quia Vlu Cham non significat magnum Canem Cham etenim cum aspiratione Dominum Imperatorem Et Cam sine aspiratione cruorem nunquam canem sermone Tartarorum designat For the translation of s Haithon Arâ—â— floruit Monachus sub A. 1290. Câ—râ—hâ—nus item dictus Antonius Haithon the Armenian out of French into Latine by Salconi A. M. CCC VII hath vsually Can not Cham. And the Turkish which is but Tartarian interprets Prince by Chan not Cham and Chanoglan with them is the Sonne of the Prince or Lord. Yet in Chambalu i. the Court of the Tartar the m is well permitted because of pronunciation The Turks also call this Emperor Vlu Chan in the same signification as à Michow hath written neither do their Grand Signiors abstain from this title of Chan. Amurad or Morad the III. vsd it ordinarily thus Sultan Murad Chan bin Sultan Selim Chan elmuzaferu daima i. Lord Murath Prince sonne to Lord Selim Prince alwaies Victorious Where note with t Pandect Turcic cap. 3. hist. Musulmanic 2. Leunclaw the agreement of their Alwaies victorious with semper Augustus semper innictus In their Ottomanique line is one Carachan Kara Han in R. Zaccuth sonne of Cutlugeck which had hence that last part of his name And in those great * Epist. Petr. Arch. Russiae ap Matth. Paris pag. 875. irruptions of the Tartars about the beginning of the Othomanique Empire occurre the names of Great Princes Tartar Chan Thesyr Chan Chuis Chan and such more But amongst them diuers are mâ—â—printed with Than for Chan and one is called Chiarthan which I doubt not but should be Chiar or Car Chan. So in Friossart you haue Lamorabaquin plainly for Almurath Chan and in De Ionuille Barbaquan * Verùm Aggeres Militares idiomate illo Opientali Barbicanae dictae vnde forsan illud nomen Albert Aquens hist. Hicrosolym 6. cap. 10. Emperor of Persia whose last termination is perhaps this Chan. Constantin u De administ Rom. Imper. cap. 40. Porphyrogenetus speaking of som Turks which anciently planted themselues in the Eastern part of Europe â—â—ies that ouer them as Iudges were two Princes calld Gylas and Carchan But saith hee Gylas and Carchan are not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. not proper names but Dignities What Gylas is I confesse I haue
not yet learnd but my author affirms that it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. greater then Carchan Vnlesse perhaps in bold deriuation it might be fetcht from the Turkish word x Giul est Rosa Turcicè Megiser Lexic Turcico-Latin Guzel i. Faire For why might not one ghesse that Gylas may com from som such an etymon seeing that Carchan is Cara-chan i. Black Prince or Lord in that language as all agree Faire as well as Black might denominat Yet of it I dare put no assertion There was a large Territorie whence those Turks came calld y Will. de Rubruq in Itinerario Cara-Cathay i. Black Cathay But I cannot out of that see reason for the name of Cara-Chan Why might not it interpret praefectus Vrbis a place of high note in the old Roman State For in that Sarmatian or Scythian mixt with Turkish language which held largest Territories in Asia Car or Carm as in our British Caer and in Ebrew Kiriath signified a Citie if you beleeu the testimony of a later z Io. Tzetzes Chiliad 8. cap. 224. floruit sub Eman. Comneno circa 1170. Grecian telling vs that Maeotis the now Mar delle Zabache is calld in Scythian Carpaluc i. the City of Fishes and thus expressing it in his Politique verse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Karm in Scythian is a Citie and Palue Fishes Indeed the Turks at this day call a Citie Scheher which is neer Car. But this conceit hardly holds You know Pliny a Hist. Nat. 6. cap. 7. teaches that the Scythians calld it Temerinda quod significat saith he matrem Maris and at this day the Turks name the Mare Maggiore the old Pontus Euxinus next to the Mare delle Zabache Caradinizi i. the black Sea which perhaps being so in Tzetzes his time may help iustifie the name of Carpaluc in or neer Delle Zabach But in these and the like till I can truly instruct my self I remain a Sceptique Howsoeuer that name of Carchan was of great dignitie also but not supreme among the Persians For I imagine their title of Carderiga corrupted as it falls out in our Western idioms to be the same Cardarigas saith an b Landulph Sagax Hist. 17. ancient non est nomen Proprium sed Dignitas maxima apud Persas speaking of the self same which Theophilact Simocatta he liud vnder Heraclius A. DC XXX names 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cardarigan 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith c Maurician hist. 〈◊〉 cap. 〈◊〉 he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. This is a dignity of the Parthians you may with him here confound Parthians and Persians And the Persians loue to be calld by their Dignities in some sort disdaining those names imposd on them at their Births He vses Cardarigan in the first case which is neer Charchan and perhaps ill turnd into Chardarigas by the Iesuit Pontan I ghesse the self same to be that Officiall Dignitie of Chanaranges rememberd in d De bello Persic 〈◊〉 Procopius and the Armenian that was in the Roman Camp vnder Narses Iustinians Lieutenant cald e Agathias hist. Tom. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chanaranges may well bee supposd to haue had that name only according to Simocatta's relation of the Persian custom And what is Zamergan 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that greatest Prince of the Hunns in Iustinians time but Zamer or Zaber Chan Plainly Chaganus or Chaianus occurring in Simocatta Landulphus Sagax Cedren Callistus and others is nothing but Chan. So is that Princeps Hunnorum Capcanus in the life of f Monach. Engolism vit Carol. Magni Charlemain But I wonder at that in Frier William de Rubruiquis where he saith Can nomen dignitatis quod idem est qui Diuinator Omnes Diuinatores vocant Can. Vnde Principes dicuntur Can quia penes eos spectat regimen populi per Diuinationem Vnlesse you read Dominatores Dominationem I vnderstand not why hee saies so Hee was in those parts A. Chr. M. CC LIII But questionles Cedren well knew the signification of Chan in writing that the Emperor Theophilus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 g Georg. Cedren pag 433. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. receiud an Embassage from the Chagan or Chan of Chazaria as if hee had said the King or Prince of Chazaria This Chazaria or Gazaria is that which the ancients call Taurica Chersonesus almost inisled by the Seas Delle Zabache and Maggiore For the Asiatique Sarmatians or Scythians which i Simocat Mauric hist. 7. cap. 8. Agathias lib. 5. anciently vnder Iustinian planted themselues about the Riuer Donaw and in this Chersonesse calld their Prince as in their own country language a King or Lord was stiled And Chersonesus Taurica hodiéque saith Leunclaw habet suos Chahanes The word is rather Tartarian then Slauonique although I see great men say it is Windish that is Slauonique But those tongues are much mixt doubtles with each other Those ancient Tartars and the Northern Scythians by them in that large Tract from the East of Asia euen to the Riuer Don anciently calld Tanais had long before the Tartarian Empire of Tzingis their Emperors honord with that title of Vlu Chan which perhaps is but corrupted in him they call Vmchan For aboue M. yeers since one of most large territorie in those parts thus inscribes his letters to Maurice the Roman Emperor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. To the Emperor of the Romans the Vlu Chan or Great Chan Lord of seuen Nations and Ruler of the seuen Climats of the World So my autor i Theophil Simocat hist. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 expresses it in Greek but by all likelyhood the originall calld him as they do now the Emperor there Vlu Chan. In the Scaligeran family or De la Scala deriud from the house of Verona being by originall Gotthique one of the line is calld Canis which they say had from k Ios. Scalig. de vita Iulij in Epist. ad Ian. Douzam this word vsd in Slauonique its beginning In the Great Chans Seale as Frier Iohn de Plano Carpini that was sent Embassador into those parts by P P. Innocent IV. in M. CC. XLVI affirms was writen this interpreted Deus in Caelo Cuine Cham super Terram Dei Fortitudo Omnium Hominum Imperatoris sigillum And his l Ap. Vincent in Epecul lib. 32. cap. 28. title was vsually Dei Fortitudo omnium hominum Imperator And Simocatta remembers more anciently a Prince of those parts which they v sed to call m Et Nicephor Callist hist. Ecclesiast lib. 18. cap. 30. Taisan that is take it vpon his credit the sonne of God In Turkish or Tartarian I think Tangeroglan is the same But of Cham Chan or Chahan thus much Diuers of the titles vsd in the Northern Afrique and vnder the Grand Signior are the same the Princes there being either out of one root and nation or at
Greek hath not an expresse word for Maiestie Som haue q Glossar Vet. Graeco-lat v. 2. Petri cap. 1. com 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 turned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maiestas and Magnitudo but it properly signifies the last not so well the first which comes plainly from a Comparatiue Maiestas itaque are Casaubons words si verbi proprietatem spectamus Numinis est solius quod omnibus ijs quae magna dici possunt est maius Usurpatio est cum Principibus maiestas tribuitur But obserue their tradition of the Godesse Maiestie They fained that at first there was no distinction of Place or Precedence among the Gods but that the meanest would somtimes sit in Saturns own Throne And this they say r Ouid. Fastor 5. continued Donec Honor placidoque decens Reuerentia vultu Corpora legitimis imposuere toris Hinc sata Maiestas quae mundum temperat omnem Quáque die partu est edita Magna fuit Nec mora consedit medio sublimis Olympo Aurea purpureo conspicienda sinu As Maiestie was there bred of Honor and ReÌ„uerence so proportionatly mongst men and thence the word applied to the supreme of Men. But also they vsd Numen Imperatoris and Oracula Augusti for Edicta and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if you should say diuinitùs sancimus for statuimus And before this great communicating of Maiesty the Emperors s Paul ff de legat 2. l. 87. §. Lucius Scoeuola ff lib. 40. tit â—1 l. 3. had the attribute of Sanctissimus and such like These beginning vnder Heathenisme continued after Christianitie Whence when they speak of the Crimen Maiestatis they t Athaliat tit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 66. Glossar Vet. Sanctitas Regum ap Iul. cas in Tranq vse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which may be interpreted a iudgment or accusation touching what is committed against a thing sanctified or sacred But I think 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will be most proper in substance for Maiestie although George Codin translated hath alwaies Regnum for his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vnder fauour not without error They had also their u Codin Meurs Gloss. Graeco Barb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. sacred Maiestie which was proper only to the Emperor and that when others spake to him he himself in modestie omitting Sacred and speaking only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But Maiestie exprest in this word was communicated also to the Despote Sebastocrator and Caesar. The Despot was the heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire vnderstand of the times since Alexius Comnenus though before him it were a generall name as My Lord the Sebastocrator the second from him in dignitie and next the Caesar Protosebastus and so forth But to our purpose receiue this out of their c Curopalat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quem tamen absque Iunij Restitutione locorum ne legas traditions Before the Emperor they calld the Despote My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Maiestie was applied to him the Sebastocrator My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sebastocrator the Caesar my Lord Caesar in those words as the other and to both these also was Maiestie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 applied But if any other Great men about the Court 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had occasion to vse the Despot's name to the Emperor they thus My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Your sonne the Despote If they speaking among themselus mention'd him then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Our Lord the Despote For in later Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Our either corruptep from their ancient own or induced by Tartarian or Turkish wherein Babamus is our Father If a great man spake to the Despote he might either call him My Lord the Despote with the word last remembred or for greater honor Our Lord the Despote If any of the Despot's seruants or followers vsd his masters name to the Emperor hee might not call him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which I interpret to be in fashion the same with Our My Lord when we speake indifferently of any Nobleman but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. My Lord and Master your sonne the Despote For so I thinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is best here translated If a man spake to any of their other Great men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hee neuer vsd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 On the other side 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was neuer vsd to the Despote but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Neither could they render reason for all those but because vse and custome had brought them to it Neither hath the Grammaticall difference of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 any thing to do here For our Kingdome Maiestie saith the learned Author of the Remains came hither in time of Henry the Eight as Sacred Maiestie lately in our memory Vnderstand him as it was commonly in vse and properly to the King applied For in the Epistles of Iohn of Sarisbury is Maiestas tua diuers times to Henry Fitz-lempresse vnder whom hee liu'd and the same is there vsd also to Pope Adrian Grace mongst vs began in time of Henry IV. and Excellent grace as you read in the Remains vnder Henry the Sixt. High and mighty Prince vnder Edward the fourth But about those times it was not solely proper to the King as it seems by the Concord touching the title of the Crowne twixt Henry the sixt and Richard Duke of Yorke made in XXXIX Henry VI. in Parliament at Westminster with this title Betwixt the most High and most mighty Prince Henry the fixt King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland on the one partie and the right High and mightie Prince Richard Plantagenet Duke of Yorke on the other partie and the Duke of Glocester vnder Henry the a Parl. 3. Hen. 6. art 1. 26. sixt is calld High and mightie Prince and the Duke of Excester Hault and Puissant Prince Anciently how our Soueraigns were in this kind titled may be obserud vpon these examples Au Tresnoble tréshonorable Prince son trescher Seignior si luy pleist Monsieur Edward per la grace de Dieu Roy d' Engleterre Signior D'irland Duc D' Aquitaine le sone Henry Percy reuerence honeurs In a letter b Rot. 25. Ed. 1. in Arce Londini de Rebus Scotiam tangentibus memb 4. 6. saepius to Edward 1. writen from Dunwich and the like in diuers other Records is And there the Barons of the Exchequer send to the King with Nous maund à vostre hautesse c. But also in times later then Edward 1. titles and notes of Greatnes being not in that distinction or Curiositie as now som such as are with vs mean were competent to highest Princes I remember I
name as designing only a Goddesse or Starre of sight generally which Cubar will well endure And those Eastern parts had euer anciently the Moon vnder both Sexes in their Deuotions Lunus k Spartian in Caracall vbi consulendus V. Cl. Is. Casaubonus and Luna Which seems not of yonger beginning then the adoration of the Sunne among the Persians which as the Crescent now to the Mahumedans was in some sort vsed and set vpon their Royall pauillions Patrio more Persarum saith l Curt. lib. 3. Xenophon lib. 8. Cyropaediae Curtius traditum est orto sole demùm procedere die iam illustri signum è tabernaculo Regis buccinâ dabatur Super tabernaculum vnde ab omnibus conspici possit image Solis crystauo inclusa fulgebat But of their Moon thus much And thus much of the Externall Ensigns of Maiestie Other particulars there are to this purpose But either so obsolet that our Age hath not to do with them as the carrying of Fier before the Persian and Roman Emperors the Ius Capillitij of France and the like Or so peculiar to some only that they are rather to be referd to the Countries custome and Ceremonie then Royall Maiestie TITLES OF HONOR SECOND PART PRinceps and Princeps Iuuentutis Caesar when first the Title for the apparant successor Rex Romanorum Despote Sebastocrator Caesar Panhypersebastus in the Eastern Empire The Despotes Crown An Innominat Title before Despote Daulphin The beginning cause and signification of that name in the French heirs Humbert Daulphin his Epitaph in Paris The Salique law and its interpretation Goropius his coniesture why the Franks allow not Womens gouernment Monsiuer title of the Brother and heire The custome of the French Peers being at the Queens Childbirth Clyto Clitunculus for the Saxon Princes Etheling or Adeling Errors of Polydore Duke of Normandie Prince of Wales when begun as proper to the Eldest son and heire of England Duke of Cornwall Prince of Scotland Duke of Rothsay Steward of Scotland Earldom of Rosse by Act of Parliament made as Appanage to the second sonnes in Scotland Infanta of Spain Prince of Astura The Pragmatica of Philip II. for writing to the Infanta of Spain CHAP. I. TO auoid the danger of an ensuing Anarchie as well in Electiue as Hereditarie Monarchies a designation hath vsually been of the next APPARANT HEIRE or successor and that by some honorary name In In the first of the Roman Empires infancie successors were by adoption appointed and stil'd Principes Iuuentutis The first example was in Octauian his adoption of Caius and Lucius sonnes of his daughter Iulia by Agrippa Yet as is before toucht with them Princeps alone was equiualent with the name of Emperor Otho to his a Tacit. Histor. 1. Annal. 1. Armie Nec priuatum me vocari sustineo Princeps a vobis nominatus nec Principem alio Imperante And of Augustus the same autor Lepidi atque Antonij arma in Augustum cessere qui cuncta discordijs ciuilibus fessa nomine Principis sub imperium accepit Thence came Principatus and b Tertullian lib. adu Hermog Principium to bee abstracts for their Power and Gouernment The affectation of this Title by the Emperors sprang from the vsuall name of Princeps Senatus which was before the Caesars known among them So did they in this preuent innouation Whereupon the dissembling Tiberius often c Dio. hist. 57. affiâ—md himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Emperor of the Armie but Prince of the Rest. But those who were constituted for succession had alwaies the addition of Iuuentutis to Princeps which Zonaras turns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Prince of the Youth The two adopted by Octauian are exprest by this name in a Coine picturd with them circled thus C. L. CAESARES AVGVSTI F. COS. DESIG PRINC IVVENT in the hands of that noble Mark Velser of Auspourg Others like are extant with that Title being as is supposd worn out of that Ancyran monument where you read EQVITES ROMANI VNIVERSI PRINCIPEM .......... HASTIS ARGENTEIS DONATVM APPELLAVERVNT The defect is supplied by coniecture of two great and most learned Critiques Casaubon and Lipsius with IVV. C. for Iuuentutis Caium And as Princeps Senatus was chief in their Senatorian order in their free State before the Caesarean Empire was the name of Princeps Iuuentutis for a chief in the Ordo Equestris So is the sonne of C. Curio named by d Orat. in Vatinium videâ— Lips Elect. lib. 2. cap. 1. Cicero From Octauian vntill Hadrian this Title remain'd for the apparant successor Thence began Caesar to that purpose For although others before which were apparant successors had that name yet in them it was as a note of their family not of their hope to the Empire But Hadrian by this name adopted Aelius Verus Of him thus Spartian Primus tantùm Caesaris nomen accepit adoptione Adriani familiae principum adscriptus And a little after Nihil habet in vita sua memorabile nisi quod primus tantùm e Iul. Capitoâ—inus in Clod. Albino docet quibus insignibus vti Caesarem licuit ex Epistolâ Commodi Aug. Ad Albinum v. Capitolin in Vero Imp. Caesar est appellatus so Casaubon reads instructed out of a Ms. in the French Kings Library non testamento vt antea solebat neque eo modo quo Traianus est adoptatus sed eo propè genere quo nostris temporibus à vestra Clementia he writes to Diocletian Maximinianus atque Constantius Caesares dicti sunt quasi quidam principum filij Viri designati Augustae maiestatis Haeredes Which disproues the tradition of Aur. Victor that in the adoption of Hadrian by Traian the name of Caesar first was the mark of succession Abhinc diuisa saith he nomina Caesarum atque Augusti inductúmque in Remp. vti duo seu plures summae potentiae dissimiles cognomento ac potestate dispari sint Caesar was then what remains to this day in the Western Empire known more vsually by REX ROMANORVM Which began with the Translation it seems of the Empire out of Greece into France Of the inauguration of Charles le magne writes Sigebert Karolo Regi Imperatorias laudes acclamant eúmque per manum Leonis Papae Coronant Caesarem Augustum appellant Pipinum verò filium eius Regem Italiae Ordinatum collaudant But it s obserud that after Charles surnam'd Crassus all the Emperors before him being meerly hereditarie enioying their Title not so much by Coronation or Vnction as right descendible no other stile was assum'd till Consecration from the Pope but Rex Romanorum and that it being had thenceforth they were all writen Augusti and Imperatores and so in their Charters was it by themselues obserud with Anno Regni so much Imperij so much Quod omnes saith a De Comitijs Imperatorijs Onuphrius posteà eius of Charles the Grosse
the fifts daughters to the Daulphin of Viennois saies ita suos Principes vocitabant Allobroges And in a Monasterie of the â—acobits at Paris I speak it vpon the credit of o Cosmog lib. 3. part 2. cap. 40. P. Merula the Epitaph of Humbert is thus conceiud Cy gist le pere tres illustre Seigneur Humbert iadis Dauphin de Viennois puis Laissant sa principaute fuit fait frere de nostre ordre Prieur de ce CoueÌ„t de Paris et en fine Patriarche d'Alexandrie et perpetuel Administrateur de l' Archeuesché de Reims Principal Bien-facteur de ce nostre Couent Il mourut l'an du grace mil trois cens cinquante cinq Hence som collection may be that Daulphin or Dauphin is taken as signyficant for Prince But not euery heire apparant with them is called Daulphin It s only the sonne and heire which hath indeed its ground in the first Donation Euery other heire apparant supposing their law Salique which excludes Females is calld the Monsieur as not many yeers since Francis Duke of Alençon and brother and heire to Henrie III. and in the memory of our Fathers Francis Duke of Engoulesme brother to Lewes II. and afterward King For their law Salique because few know any thing of it though all talk of it and it belongs to this purpose a word or two There are yet remaining and in p Edit Optima ap Goldast Constit Imperial Tom. 3. Print Leges Salicae composd as they say by foure Counsellors about Pharamunds time Wisogast Bodogast som call him Losogast Salogast and Windogast or Husogast In them you shall read thus De terra verò Salica nulla portio Haereditatis Mulieri veniat sed ad Virilem sexum Tota terrae haereditas perueniat The best interpretation of Terra salica although some will haue q Apud Hadrian Iun. in Batauiae cap. 9. it Regiam Terram Dominium Coronae Maiestatis Regiae Francorum is by our word Knights fee or land held by Knights seruice Som deriue it from * Goropius Francic ib. 2. Sal contracted from Sadel or Sadle signifying alike with vs and the old Franks which were Teutonique and calld also Salians And not long since in an Arrest in the Parliament at Burdeaux vpon controuersie r Bodin de Repub lib. 6. cap. 5. twixt two Gentlemen for priority of their houses a very old Testament being produced whereby the Testator had deuised his Salique land it was resolud in point of iudgement that this name interpreted Fiefs And who knows not that Fiefs originally were militarie gifts and as the same with our Knights Fees But the Crown or any suprem Dominion cannot be calld a Fief or Fee whose essence consists in beeing held by some tenure And good Lawiers haue thought that the text extends no otherwise Whereupon I think one now liuing s Hierom. Bignon de l'excellencie des Rois. liure 3. at Paris speaking of their Royall succession by them allowd only to Masles makes it rather a perpetuall custom then particular Law Ce n'est point saith he vn loye ecritte mais nee auec nous que nous n'auons point inventée mais l'auons puisse de Nature mesme qui le nous a ainsi apris donne cet instinct But why then is it call'd Salique and why was that law so vrg'd against our Soueraign of famous memorie Edward III. To be long and curious vpon this matter fits not this place But Goropius vndertakes a coniecture of the first cause which excluded Gynaecocratie or femall succession and gouernment among them and ghesses it to haue proceeded from their obseruation of a great misfortune in Warre which their neighbours the Bructerans a people anciently about the now Ouer-Isel one of the XVII Prouinces from neer whom he as many others deriues the Franks endur'd in time of Vespasian vnder the conduct and Empire of one e v. Tacit. Histor 4. Velleda a Ladie euen of diuine estimation amongst them But howsoeuer the Law be in truth or interpretable it is certain that to this day they haue a vse of ancient time which commits to the care of some of the greatest Peers that they when the Queen is in child-birth be present and warily obserue least the Ladies should priuily counterfeit the enheritable sex by supposing som other Male when the true birth is female or by any such means wrong their ancient custom Roiall as of this Lewes XIII born on the last of September in M. DC is after other such f Rodulph Boter Comment 8. rememberd Before the title of Daulphin I find not any speciall name for the French heir apparant Both He and his brothers are vsually in their old stories calld generally Reges as the Children of the Saxon Kings with vs are g V. Ethelwerd lib. 2. cap. 18. recentiorum complures Clytones or Clytunculi Dedit etiam consilium Edricus vt Clitunculos Eadwardum Eadmundum Regis Eadmundi filios necaret saith Roger of Houeden This Clyto Clito and Clitunculus they had from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. inclytus by which they interpreted their Saxon word Eðeling Etheling i. Noble One h Nith Angilbert hist. lib. 4. Atqui Vet. Saxonum Gens in Nobiles Liberos Libertos Seruos dispertita est ab Einhardo apud Adam Bremens hist. Eccles. cap. 5 Abbat Vrspergensem speaking of the German Saxons vnder Charles le maine hath Gens omnis in tribus ordinibus diuisa consistit Sunt n. inter illos qui Edhilingi that is Ethelingi sunt qui Frilingi sunt qui Lazzi illorum linguâ dicuntur Latinâ verò linguâ sunt Nobiles Ingenuiles atque seruiles And that Edgar sonne to Edward sonne of Edmond Ironside the last heire to the Crown of the Saxon line not mixt with the Norman is in Houeden Marian Florence and others calld Clyto Edgarus Clyto whom Henry of Huntingdon Matthew Paris and such more stile Edgarus Etheling i 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pro VV. Nobilissimis vt videtur Ducibus siue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sumitur Canut leg cap. 55. or Adeling where by the way note Polydore's ignorance titling him Edgarus cognomento Ethelingius his surname being no more Etheling then the now Englands Darling Charles his is Prince or indeed then Polydore's was Ignorant After the Conquest no speciall title more then Primogenitus filius Regis was for the Prince vntill the name of PRINCE OF WALES came to him Yet Polydore speaking of Henry the first his making his sonne William Duke of Normandie addes hinc mos serpsit vt Reges deinceps Filium Maiorem natu quem sibi successorem optassent Normanniae principatu donarent But the time which interceded Henry the first and K. Iohn vnder whom Normandie was lost will not iustifie any such thing as an honorarie Duty to the English Heires He afterward in Henry III. his XXXIX yeer saies that in Parliament Edwardus Regis filius he
Botulphi quicquid ad Tronagium Pesagium pertinet the beginning is G. Regis H Filius Dux Britanniae Comes Richmundiae where it appears he vsed Dux as different and better then Comes In England vntill Edward III. from the Norman conquest of the Saxon times presently the greatest Title next to the Prince was Count Comes now calld Earle But Edward III. created his sonue and heir Edward the Black Prince Duke of Cornwall per g 11. Ed. 3. Camdenus Sertum in capite Annulum in Digito virgam argenteam which afterward was vsd of gold Richard the II. inuested Thomas Earle of Notingham with the Dukedom of Norfolk h Pat. 21. Rich. 2 Rot. Parl. 3 Hen. 6. art 1. per appositionem cappae suo Capiti traditionem virgae aureae The Sertum was nothing but the Ducal Crown as at this day I think Fleuronée For that of the Ring it is familiar in most ancient story that the deliuery of a Ring was a signe of Principalitie giuen as in Pharaohs giuing a Ring to Ioseph in that of Ahaswerush or Xerxes reported in Esther to Haman in Alexanders doing the like to Perdiccas which made some i Q. Curt. lib. 10 Plutarch in AAlex alij consulas 1. Maccab. cap. 6. com 15. de Antiocho think him the truly designed successor And when the two Mahumedans Alem or Ali and Muhauias vpon controuersie for the Dominion of Syria were contented to submit themselues to the iudgment of the old men that so the arbitrators might haue a sufficient power iudiciall they deliuerd to them their Rings 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith my k Theophanes ap Porphyrog de ad Rom. Imp. cap. 21. autor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. which is a signe of Principalitie among the Hagarens And Lewes surnamd the Grosse of France Filium suum Ludouicum annulo inuestiuit in part of his Kingdom as one l Suger Abb. Vit. Lud. Craessi that writs his life remembers How a Ring in the Coronations of Kings is vsed the diuers and publisht orders of them shew Fac nobis reddi Coronam Annulum purpuram Caeteráque ad Inuestituram Imperialem pertinentia are the m Helmold Chron. Slauor 1. cap. 32. words of those Bishops which came to the Emperor Henry v. to depose him Of the Ring we shall haue more occasion to speak anon in another n Vbi de iure Annulorum Aur. place Both Rod and Ring were vsd anciently in Imperiall and Royall inuestitures of Bishopriques which were proportionat to Counties or Dukedoms and therefore may be opportunely here rememberd The great controuerfies about it twixt that Henry v. and Pope Paschal the 11. and at length the same Emperors remitting his right to Calixtus 11. are easily known out of the stories of those times The custom of the o Georgius Phranz lib. 3. cap. 19. Constantinopolitan Empire was as for the Staffe alike And in this Isle à multis annis retroactis saith Iugulph Abbot of Crowland he liud at the Norman Conquest nulla electio praelatorum erat merè libera Canonica sed Omnes Dignitates tam Episcoporum quam Abbatum per Annulum Baculum Regis Curia pro sua complacentia conferebat The rod or Pastoralis baculus as they calld it was vsually kept in the Bishoprique or Monasterie and at euery new inuestiture deliuerd by the King or other Patron as the case was to the new elect For the p Ita Malmesb. de Gest. Pontific lib. 3. in Episcop Lindisfarnensibus lib. 2. de gest Reg. cap. 8. ex Archiu Glascon Election was in the Clergie but the confirmation by this means with staffe or rod or Ring And therefore when K. Edgar most liberally gaue new priuiledges to Glastenbury yet sibi suisque haeredibus tribuendi fratri Electo pastoralem Baculum potestatem retinuit Afterward Henrie 1. about that same time when Pope Paschal so much opposd it in the Empire Anselm Archbishop of Canterburie being a speciall ageâ—t herein for the See of Rome inuestituram Annuli Baculi indulsit in perpetuum retento tamen so saies the Monk of Malmesburie Electionis Regalium priuilegio And q De gest Pontific lib. 1. de hac re Turba Monachorum Concessit Papa vt Rex homagia de electis acciperet sed nullum per Baculum annulum inuestiret In report whereof all our Stories consent Which makes me suspect this relation in Matthew Paris A. D. M. C. XIII Rex Henricus dedit Archiepiscopatum Cantuariensem Rodulpho Londoniensi Episcopo illum per Annulum Pastoralem Baculum inuestiuit This Rodulph or Ralph was successor to Anselm but was not Bishop of London but of Rochester Neither do the more ancient Stories of Florence Houeden Huntingdon Malmesbury and the like speak of this kind of inuestiture to him Matthew of Westminster follows the words of Paris only he hath in him misprinted Richardo for Rodulpho But after that remission by the King it s not likely he would so soon vse the ceremonie about which so much difference and controuersie had been Neither would the See of Rome haue bin so silent vpon such a r Haeresis de Inuestitura eo aeuo nonnullis dicta Goffrid Abbas Vindocinens Opuscul tract 〈◊〉 v. Anselm Epist. 12. Iuonem Carnot Epist. 257. fact as at that time specially it so much impugned But long after when England discharged it self of that Romish yoake this liberty of collation and inuestiture but not with these ceremonies was resnmd to the Crown by act of Parliament s Stat. 1. Ed. 6. cap. 2. quod rescidit Parliamentum 1. Mar. Sess. 2. cap. 2. quod etiam caput Mariae refixit Parliam 1. Iacob Sess. 1. cap. 25. constituting that without any Conge d'Eslier the King might bestow Archbishopriques and Bishopriques by his letters Patents which should bee to all intents and purposes as though Conge d'eslier had been giuen the election duely made and the same confirmed This was vnder Edward VI. and repealed by Q. Marie whose act of Repeale stands now also repealed But this out of the way How those Ceremonies belong to Bishops now especially of the Roman Church you may best learn from a Durant de Ritib Eccles. 2. cap. 9. aly Writers whose direct purpose is of things of that matter Yet some creations of the time of Edward III. haue nothing of the Rod. When Iohn of Gaunt was made Duke of Lancaster in Parliament the King ceincta as the b Rot. Pal. 36. Ed. 3. membr 4. Roll speaks son dit filz Iohan d'un Espeie mist sur sa eeste vn Cappe furre disus vn Cercle d' or de peres luy nosma fist Duc de Lancastre Here is the Cap the Crown the Sword but no Rod. Vnder Rihard II. c Parl. 9. R'ch 2. memb 5. art 15. Thomas Duke of Glocester is inuested in Parliament pâ—r Gladij cincturam
his own and his brothers name were both Robert His at his bâ—ptisme was Iohn But at his taking the Royall gouernment either for the vnluckines of the one name in the French and English or for the good which accompanied the other in his own predecessors changd himselfe out of Iohn into Robert The first Duke in Castile as is * Esteuan de Garibay lib. 15. cap. 27. 54. g Circa m. CCC LXX affirm'd was Frederique bastard sonne to g Henry II. of Castile by him created Duke of Benauente And Iohn successor to this Henry made his second sonne Ferdinand Prince of Lara Duke of Pennafiel Ferdinando minori Regis filio saith Mariana â—ui Lara Principatus erat oppidum Pennafielis additum Ducis nomine Corona Capiti imposita nullis extantibus Floribus quod Collatae dignitatis insigne erat tametsi nostra aetate non Duces sed Comites etiam Coronam clypeis adijciunt Regis haud absimilem But their Ducall Crown now is as in England fleuronee so was that of Ferdinando saith Stephen of Garibay and as a Kings not archt but that only the flowers are lesse and so euen que vna no suba mas que otra as Esteuan de Garibay's words are i. that one bee not higher then another And the ancient Dukes might weare it aswell on their heads as Armories and had diuers such prerogatiues euen Royall when they were all of Royall bloud But for the most part now cessing to bee so most of their prerogatiues also cesse saith Garibay at least in the Kingdomes of Castile In ancient time there aswell as in other places this Dignitie was only for life And to this day my autor is h De Reb. Hispan lib. 8 cap. 2. Mariana the steps of that Estate are in the Spanish Nobilitie For none of them Duke Marquesse or Count vse their titles after death of their Ancestors but Rege denuò annuente vnlesse some few such families only as by the Kings speciall grant may doe otherwise Which although here noted as many other things in this Chapter is appli'd to some Titles hereafter to bee spoken of The Pragmatica ordains that none whatsoeuer shall haue the Title of Excellent or Excellencie But that the the Grands all Dukes mongst them are Grands and some Marquesses and Counts or such as may stand couered before the King shall bee honord with Vuâ—stra Sennoria i. your Lordship And that in superscriptions to any Duke Marquesse or Count the place denominating his dignitie shall to it be added To speake here of particular Dukedomes their rights Regalties and such like were from our purpose Wee haue alreadie rememberd that il Gran Duca di Toscana the Duke of Florence had his Crown radiant and that Title of Gran Duca by speciall indulgence from Pius Qnintus who inscribd i Cicarella in Vit. Pontific his gift with Pius V. Pontifex Max. ob eximiam Dilectionem ac Catholicae Religionis Zelum praecipuumque Iustitiae studium donauit There is a parâ—icular forme of Creation instituted by Paul II. which for the length and because most of the differing Ceremonies are as proper to that Church I omit But there is no Crown but a Cap only Biretum and a Scepter Yet what the Reporter k Marcell corâ—grens Sa. Oerem I. Iust. 7. adds for his difference of Dukes I think may bee worth obseruation Et haec quidem saith he seruantur si Dux est Magnae Nobilitatis Potentiae vt fuit Tempore Domini Pauli PP II. Borsus Ferrariae Si verò esset Mediocris potentiae vt fuit Tempore D. Sixti PP IV. to this Pope this autor was a kind of Master of the Ceremonies Fredericus Dux Vrbini omnia seruantur nisi quod non duceretur à Cardinalibus sed à duobus assistentibus Papae principalibus sederet vltimus post omnes Cardinales in Banco Diaconorum eundo incederet solus post Crucem ante omnes Cardinales Quod si adhuc esset inferior tunc omnia alia seruarentur nisi quod non daretur ei sceptrum neque sederet in banco Cardinalium sed ad pedes Papae in supremo gradu eundo incederet ante Crucem post Oratores alios Principes here you see his triple distinction of them and others haue them by Maiores and Minores Duces wherupon saith the learned l De Coronis lib. 9. cap. 22. Paschalius that the Maiores omnes vnius ordinis esse Censentur omnes propemodum suspiciuntur vt Reges longeque antistant illis quos voco Minores Neyther can any not see much difference twixt those of Florence Ferrara Sauoy Lorrain Saxonie Brunswic and such more which mongst them also differently haue so many imperiall rights and the French of late time English Scotish and Spanish Dukes which are all Seignieurs Suzerains subiect Lords and many of them possessing their denominating Territorie in Tit'e only not in gouernment Yet Charles L'oyseau idly minseth his difference to small where he makes our English Dukes to bee a degree by themselues qui ne sont qu' a vie come Officiers What Dukes he means with vs I know not But all men may know that since Edward III. the Title hath been Honorary and Hereditarie Nor doth that frequent name of Duke occurring in Genes XXXVI belong to this place The word in the holy tongue is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Paraphrases of Onkolos and Ionathan turne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 both signifying a Lord Prince or great Ruler and the m Rabbi S. Iarchi in Genes 6. Com. 15. Ebrewes interpret them there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Heads of families or Kinreds although Alloph may serue also to expresse any great dignitie vnder a King The Rabbins say that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Euery Alluph is a Kingdom without a Crown which Elias interprets that euery King not crownd is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Dux i. a Duke The Germans call them Hertzogen and Hertochen whence the Hertochij in that vnder the name of the Confessors laws both signifying Dux as he is exercitui praefectus Remember what is in the first booke of the Duke of Moscouie for a Duke vncrowned yet supreme Prince Ducis Limitanei Marquesses whence the name Marque 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in old Gaulish Marcheta Mulieris the Brides maidenhead Mareshall vsuall application of names of a later age to antique relations by old English Poets The deriuation of Marquesse a mari idle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 How in one man Duke Count and Marquesse was anciently often exprest The beginning of the name of this Dignitie in the Empire Markgraue Marchio Burgundiae and Normanniae His inuestiture by a Ring His Coronet Presedence in France Alciat's admonition in point of Presedence Marchiones in England Iohn of Sarisburie corrected Snowdon Controuersie twixt the Lords Marchers and the Barons of the Cinque Ports about bearing the Canopie Earle of March. First Marquesse in
receiue Armes from a superior as a token of what they would bee that is Martiall Knights in seruice for their Country whereto though all were bound yet they specially by reason of those ennobling ornaments Of the old Gaules its in a manner affirmd by a De bello Gallico lib. 5. 6. Caesar speaking of Induciomarus a Gaulish Prince about the Rhine Armatum Concilium saith hee b Armati ita mos gentis erat in Concilium venerunt De Gallis Liuius Dec. 3. lib. 1. indicit Hoc more Gallorum est initium Belli quo lege cummuni Puberes armati conuenire coguntur And of the Gaules in generall In reliquis vitae institutis hoc ferè ab reliquis differunt quod suos liberos nisi cum adoluerint vt munus Militiae sustinere possint palam ad se adire non patiantur filiúmque in Puerili aetate in publico in conspectu patris assistere turpe ducunt Which although he make as proper to the Caules yet that large Nation of the old Germans euen bred out of and continuing in their Being through warre had almost the like custome All they did was while they were accoultred with Armes eyther Priuat or Publique Neither yet did any vse or beare them vntill hee was honord with a Speare and Target in their State assemblies Tacitus of them affirms it Nihil saith he neque publicae neque priuatae rei nisi armati agunt Sed arma sumere non ante cuiquam moris quam Ciuitas c Haec fere verbatùm habet 10. Auentinus Boior Annal 6. vbi Ludouicus Dux Boiorum arma suscipit militaria dono Frederici Imperatoris suffecturum probauerit Tum in ipso Concilio vel Principum aliquis vel Pater vel Propinquus Scuto frameáque Iuuenem ornant Haec apud illos Togae hic primus Iuuentae honos ante hoc domus pars videntur mox Reipublicae For that of their going alwaies arm'd it differs not from the more ancient vse of the Graecians who * Thucydid lib. 〈◊〉 Aristot. Politic. 〈◊〉 cap. 5. before learning mollified them and brought their Rudenesse to a Ciuilitie continually 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. went arm'd or ferrum gestabant This forme of taking Arms by yong men from Publique autoritie was in those daies a kiâ—d of Knighting whence the fashion since and now vsd had questionles it's origination And mongst other of the Northern Nations there was an Adoption by giuing of Armes wherein the Adopted had approbation of his qualitie by the iudgement of some Prince which agreed well with Knighting So you may say that the King of the Heruli was Knighted by Theodorique K. of the Ostrogoths or East Goths in Italy Per arma saith his d Cassiodor Var. 4. Epist. 2. Letters of it to him fieri posse Filium grande inter gentes constat esse praeconium Quia non est dignus adoptari nisi qui fortissimus meretur agnosci In sobole frequentèr fallimur Ignaui autem esse nesciunt quos iudicia pepererunt Hi 〈…〉 gratiam non de Natura sed de solis meritis habent Et ideò More Gentium Conditione virili Filium te presenti Munere procreamus vt competentèr per Arma nascaris qui Bellicosus esse dignosceris Damus quidem Tibi Equos Enses Clypeos reliqua instrumenta Bellorum sed quae sunt omnimodis fortiora largimur tibi nostra iudicia Summus enim inter Gentes esse crederis qui Theodorici sententia comprobaris This was their Adoptio per Arma which Iustinian also vsd in Honoring of e Idem Variar 8. Epist. 1. 9. de Gesimundo Eutharique K. Athalarique's Father Neither was by this kind of adoption any possibilitie of succession or kindred gotten but only this Military honor Which is confirmd out of that of Cabades the Persian King who sent to the Emperor f Procopius de Bell. Persic 〈◊〉 Iustin desiring him to adopt his sonne Cosroes But the Emperor being perswaded by one of his Counsellors Proclus would not do it in the forme of Roman adoptions whence a kind of agnation grew and hereditarie right but sentro the Persian after mature deliberation taken that hee would adopt Cosroes after the fashion of the Barbarous by Armes meaning doubtlesse this custom here spoken that so hee might satisfie the words of the request yet preuent the succession of the Persian in the Empire which was indeed what Cabades mainly aimd at and therfore took the answer as jest put vpon him To that kind per Arma respect must be had when you read the storie of Audoin K. of the Longobards and his sonne Alboin where after a glorious victorie had by the conduct of Alboin against the Gepidae the Longobards desir'd Audoin that he would be pleasd that his sonne Alboin eius conuiua fieret i. might vsually sit at Table with him But the King answerd that he could not permit that left he should infringe their Nationall custom Because the Kings sonne was not to dine or sit at Table with his father vntill he had taken armes at the hands of some forrein Prince Audoin respondit saith the g Paul Warnfred de gest Langob 1. cap. 23. 24. Storie se hoc facere minimè potuisse ne Ritum gentis infringeret Scitis enim inquit non esse apud nos consuetudinem vt Regis cum patre Filius prandeat not procedat as Pithou it seems did read nisi prius à Rege gentis exterae arma suscipiat Hereupon Alboin taking with him X L. yong Gentlemen of his Countrie went to Turisend K. of the Gepidae whose sonne Turismod hee had slaine in that last victorie and shewd him the cause of his comming Turisend nobly receiued him placed him at Table with him where Turismod was wont to sit and at length notwithstanding the barbarous conspiracies of som of the Gepidae grieued still with their yet fresh ouerthrow gaue him Turismod's armes and sent him to Audoin with whom thenceforth he was as a Table guest Sumensque Turisendus arma Turismodi Filij sui ea Alboin tradidit eumque cum pace incolumen ad Patris regnum remisit Reuersus ad Patrem Alboin eiusdem Conuiua hinc effectus est These Testimonies compar'd proue that in the Martiall Nations of Gaules Germans and some neighboring States the Honor of taking armes which in our present idiom may be calld Knighting was in their Aristocracies giuen to all deseruing it by age and worth in their Publique Assemblies as expresly that of Tacitus shews and in their Monarchies most likely it is that the same kind of iudgment and approbation of Valor and Nobilitie which a forrein Prince vsed in that honorarie adoption to the sonne of his neighbour Prince or his neighbour Prince self was to other subiects vsd by the Princes themselues thinking and not without good reason that it was more honorable for their sonnes to take armes of some other left
40. Common law grown verie diuers from what the words are And the amerciament for the in misericordia of an Earle Baron and Bishop is fiue pound in certain and the books giue the reason where that amerciament occurres because they are Peers of the Realm And since Dukes haue been here theirs is accounted x 19. Ed. a sol 9. v. 38. Ed. 3. fol 31. a. 21. Ed. 4. fol. 77. Br. tit Amerciament 47. ten pounds But for the Paritie of those which should amerce the 〈…〉 seems that euen when the Grand Charter was granted the Barons of the Exchequer and the Kings lustices were held for their sufficient Pares Out of Bracton is my Testimonie Comites verò vel Barones saith hee non sunt amerciandi nisi per Pares suos secundum modum delicti hoc per Barones Scaccarij vel coram ipse Rege Therefore in a Writ of Right brought against Henry Earle of Northumberland y 1. Hen. 6. sol 7. a. vnder Henrie VI. where vpon Battell ioynd and default iudgment finall was to be giuen against the Earl with the in Misericordia the addition in the expressing of it on the Bench saies Mes in tant que le Counte est vn Peer de Realm il sera amercie par ces peers solonque lestatute pur ceo Nous mittons amerciament en certain And although in this point of Amerciament a Bishop be in the smae degree with a lay Baron yet for triall z Temp. Hen. 8. tit Triall 142. de Episcopo Rosfensi by his Peers in capitall crimes he is otherwise because that is personall and his being a Baron is ratione Officij Tenurae not of personall Nobilitie Yet also in cases touching his estate as in Reall actions or personall which may touch his Realtie hee hath the prerogatiue of a lay Baron as not to haue the Iurie returnd vpon a a 13. Ed. 3. Chalenge 115. Enquest 43. 8. Eliz. Dy. fol. 246. vide Plowd Com. 1. c. Newdigat 14. 15. â—lizab Dy. fol. 318. a. Uenire facias without a Knight in it which for both lay and spirituall Barons is allowd for a good challenge to the Array as a priuiledge of Nobilitie The reason of that double Parity in England that is that all Barons and Dignities aboue them are Peers of the Realm and all other vnder them are Peers also mongst themselues I imagined to proceed from the Feudall Customes of Pares Curtis Domus or Palatij For as all Tenants eyther Knights Squires or Yeomen Freemen to the King or Subiect are in regard of their Lords Court and their own like Tenancies Peers known by that name of Pares Curtis in the Feudalls so Barons Earles Dukes and the like being with vs in England Tenants in regard of their Baronies Earldomes and Dukedomes only except those ancient possessors of XIII Knights Fees and a third part which were so Pares Baronum also to the King or rather to the Crown had among themselues a speciall and distinct Parity by reason of their Lords sole Maiestie and might not amisse bee stiled Pares Regij or Coronae because the very names of their Dignities supposd their Tenures of greater note and of the Crown necessarily and immediatly Whereas the other inferior Dignities as they had to do with Tenures or expresse Offices were farre more common as they had regard to subiects Although in this difference a sufficient exactnes of reason be not yet I suspect that a better is hardly found The Pairs and Pairries of France or their Douze pairs are of another kind and as by a speciall honor of State so calld Of them were anciently VI. lay and as many ecclesiastique The lay were the Dukes of Guienne of Burgundie and Normandie the Earles of Tholouze Flanders and Champagne The ecclesiastique the Archbishop of Rheims in regard of his prerogatiue of annointing the King chief of them all the Bishops of Laon Langres in reputation Dukes also the Bishops of Beaunais Chalons and Noyon Earles Of these the Earldom of Flanders being now in another Dominion and the other fiue lay Dignities vnited to the Crown of France the Ecclesiastique only remain But so that the pleasure of the State hath since reordained diuers other Pairries as they call them Bretagne Du Haillan liure 3. Du Tillet Plusours Burbon Aniou Berry Orleans and others Their Dignitie claimed precedence of what other Princes of the bloud soeuer and it s reported that at the Coronation of Charles VI. Philip the first of that name Duke of Burgundie had place of his elder brother Lewes Duke of Aniou vpon this reason But at the Coronation of Francis II. the Q. Dowager Catharine disliking that any of the later instituted Peers those ancient Cl. Fauchet de Dig. lib. 2. being now extinct should haue preeminence of the Kings children so ordered that her other sonnes all clothed in the habit of Peers should go immediatly after the King The first creation of them by the common opinion is referd to Charles le magne and some neater iudgments dare follow it But it s not likely that they were instituted vntill the Dignities of Duke and Earle grew Hereditarie which was not till after Charlemagne Much lesse should iudgment referre them to our British Arthur a time more then M. yeers since as some do perswaded by a tradition in our British storie which the great Lawier Hotoman also assents to Indeed in Geffrey of Monmouth they are spoken of by the name of XII Consules in the life of Arthur and Robert of Glocester in Arthur calls them the b Douze Pairs Dosseperes of France Another and a reformd opinion is that about M. C. LXXX They were instituted by Lewes VII which I could haue soon credited had I not seen that the British storie turnd into Latine iust about Lewes VII his age by that Geffrey of Monmouth as also c Hotoman Francogall cap. 14. Gaguin Chron. 4. cap. 1. Geruase of Tilburie in his Otia Imperialia dedicated to the Emperor Otho IV. euen next that very time had mencioned the XII Peers generally with reference of them to Arthur Which it seems they would neuer haue don although their professions had been meer Poeticall fiction had the name been in their present ages newly instituted And many think and not without good reason that the British storie was although of no great credit yet ancient before the translation Others d De Villiers ad Fulberti Ep. 96. referre them to K. Robert or Rupert He raignd twixt M. and M. XXX I will beleeu that about him they might haue their originall because before him no such testimonie as is sufficiently credible instructs vs of them and the number But I will rather here play the meer Sceptique Yet that before this Lewes France had its Cour de Pairs or Conuentus Parium which after the institution of the Douze pairs kept the name is plaine by Fulbert Bishop
in the battell at Durham In the formall Creation of them in â—ater time the vse is that betwixt two ancient Knights vsher'd with Trumpets and Heralds the Deseruing bee brought before the King or his Lieutenant bearing a Pennon or Guydon charged with his armes the end of which after some honorable speeches is commanded to be cut off that so it may be a square Banner Somewhat like is that in Froissart onely but in cutting of the Pennon Where the noble Iohn Chandos before the successefull warre had by the Black Prince aiding Don Piedro of Castile Froissart corruptly as in many other calls him Dampietre against the bastard Henry brought his Banner charged with his Armes and wrapt vp to the Prince with these words Monseigneur voies cy ma banniere ie la vous baille par telle manniere qu'il vous plaise la desuellopper que au iourduy ie la puisse leuer care dieu mercy i'ay bien de quoy terre heritage pour tenir estate ainsi come appartient à ce Then the Prince and Don Piedro tooke his Banner and gaue it him vnfolded answering him Iehan vees cy vostre banniere Dieu vous en laisse vostre preu saire Whereupon the noble Chandos goes to his Company and with much ioy on euery side his Banner was aduanc'd and born by a Squire But no Knight Banneret saith Segar now Garter can bee made but in the warre and the King present or when his Standard Royall is display'd in in the field Neither do the x Rot. Vascon 13. Ed. 3. memb 13. pro W. de la Pool memb 1. pro R. de Cobham Rot. Pat. 4. Ed. 6. pro Radulpho Fane Patents which speak of any created into this Dignitie proue that by the Patent they were made but the recitall is of the Creation and some reuenue giuen to the maintenance of the Honor. So are those of Coupland William de la Poole and Reginald de Cobham vnder Edw. III. and of Sir Ralph Fane for his seruice at Mustleborough vnder Edward VI. where the recitall is by ignorance of him that drew the Patent Statum Dignitatem Baronetti for Baneretti whereof more presently In some old laws y Parl. 7. Iacob 1. cap. 101. vide Skene de Verb. significatiene of Stotland they are call'd Banrents which some deriue from the Banner being rent when the Pennon is took off but there mentioned as they are among the number of Parlamentarie Lords The name of Bannier and Banneret haue both some kinred with the old 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for a Standard Bearer in the Grecians of Midle times Vexillum quod Bandum appellant saith Paul Warnfred And Suidas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the Romans call their Ensigne in warre Bandum It 's deriu'd out of the Carian language z Steph. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherein 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signified Victorie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 into Latin by some affirming that in Latine it was vsd for Victorie or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The good luck included in the interpretation might allow it but I rather think the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 applied to their Labarum their Standard bearing a symbole of our Sauiour was the cause that made any man think that Bandum signified Uictorie which is comprehended in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 With this right of hauing a Banner remember that which is alreadie spoken of touching the ancient giuing of Prouinces to Dukes Counts and Marquesses to which you may add that anon deliuerd of the Turkish Sanzacbeglar Although those Dignities are different yet may they bee here well thought on That communitie of the right of aduancing a square Ensigne charged with Arms which both Barons and Bannerets enioy was the cause why the name of Banneret and Baronet hath been by some confounded and the one anciently writen for the other And therefore in a challenge to the grand Assise a 22. Ed. 3. sol 18. a. tit Challenge 119. vnder Edward III. one was challenged pur ce que il fuit a baner or as the Abridgment hath it a Banneret but it was not allowd and the reason is giuen car s'il soit a baner ne tient pas per baronie il serra en l'assise For Barons are exempted from Iuries Assises it seems this question supposd a Banneret so neer a Baron in Dignity that nothing should haue wanted but the tenure per Baroniam And in another yeer b 35. Hen. 6. sol 46. Baronet is expressely for a Parlamentarie Baron as in the Annals of c Sub A. 1302 Ireland quadraginta Baroneti are for XL. Bannerets And the like occurring in other Monks and Storie of that kind is to be so vnderstood No more of these Bannerets after I haue transcribed a Writ of discharge of being Knight of the Parlament because he was a Banneret directed to the Sherife of Surry for one Sir Thomas Camoys vnder d Claus. 7. Rich. 2. memb 32. in dorso Richard II. It speaks thus Rex Vicecomiti Surriae quia vt accepimus tu Thomam Camoys Chiualer qui Bannerettus est sicut quamplures antecessorum suorum extiterunt ad essendum vnum Militum venientium ad proximum Parlamentum pro-communitate Comitatus praedicti de assensu eiusdem Comitatus elegisti Nos aduertentes quod huiusmodi Banneretti ante haec tempora in Milites Comitatus ratione alicuius Parlamenti eligi minimè consueuerunt ipsum de Officio Militis ad dictum Parlamentum pro communitate Comitatus predicti venturi exonerari volumus and so commands him to chuse another But that of BARONET became a new erected distinct Title vnder our present Soueraigne who for certain disbursments toward the Plantation in Vlster created diuers into this Dignitle and made it hereditarie The particulars of the Patent shall instruct you Ordinamus saith the King ereximus constituimus creauimus quendam statum Gradum Dignitatem nomen Titulum Baronetti Anglicè of a Baronet infra hoc regnum Angliae perpetuis Temporibus duraturum and then giues the title to the Created to him and his heirs Males of his bodie And that he shall haue precedence in all writings Sessions and Salutations before all Knights as well of the Bath as Knights Bachelors and also before all Bannerets created or hereafter to be created excepted only illis Militibus Bannerettis quos sub vexillis Regijs in exercitu Regali in aperto bello ipso Rege personalitèr presente explicatis non alitèr creari contigeret And that their wiues and eldest sonnes respectiuely haue like precedence That they should be impleded and sue by the addition of Baronet And that to the name of them and the heirs males of their bodies in sermone Anglicano omnibus scriptis Anglicanis praeponatur haec additio videlicet Anglicè SIR And thar their wiues haue the titles
to shew a Commander of the war whence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is to lead a companie in the barbarous Greek yet vnder the name of Bassalar are comprehended both the Uezirs as also Beglerbegs And the Captain of the Tzauzes or Chauzes that is Noble Courtiers readie for performance of such State busines as the Sultan and the Vezirs shall commit to them is known by the name of Tzaus-Bassa And other are with like addition The Greeks from Bassa haue made their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Vezirs are Counsellors of State Their chief or President is called Uezir azem i. Consilarius supremus which indeed is the interpretation of that i 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vide sup pag. 23. Protosymbulus spoken of before Neither is it much maruaile that the Greeks and some others thought it to signifie the Grand Signior or Princeps Arabum it being indeed Princeps Consiliariorum This Vezir azem is by Zonaras calld 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Vezirs in barbarous Greek are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mahumed II. k Constantinopolit Hist. Politic ab A. 1391. ad 1587. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith one 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. had very wise Priuie Counsellors Chalil Bassa and Brei Bassa for so you must interpret it The abstract of the Dignitie is Uezirluc Beg and Beglarbeg are both explaned in one For Beg is Lord Beglar-Beg is Lord of Lords that is one which hath vnder his gouernment diuers Begs of lesser Prouinces And Begluc is the Dignitie of the one Beglarbegluc of the other Begi nomen saith l Hist. Musulmanic lib. 4. Leunclaw dars solet omnibus officium vel munus aliquod à Rege vel Sultano consecutis In Asia Afrique and Europ are many Beglerbeglucs reckond by those which haue m Pandect Turcic cap. 254. publisht Turkish affairs The Greeks haue turned it into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Prince of Princes and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. a Generall of the field But they expresse the Turkish name by n Georg. Logotheta Chron. Constant. Hist. Politic. in Turco-graec lib. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sometimes and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vnder euery Beglerbeg are diuers Sanziac begs and vnder them Troups of Timariots The Sanziac-beg answers to our word Banneret or Vexillarius Sanziac being Vexillum And in the stories of barbarous Grecians I remember its 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They are constituted by solemn deliuerie of a Militarie ensigne being a Speare o Pandect Turcic cap. 10. bearing a gilt globe on the top of it and horsehaire and whole horse tailes hanging down and somtimes on the Globes are Croissants which is their most generall Ensign They are in lieu of our Banners Three of this kind saith the most learned Leunclaw stand by the Mezari or Sepulchral Monument of Amurath the first in the Suburbs of Prusa in Bithynia Of them he thus Has Osmanei suis in expeditionibus ad honorem memoriámque trium Barbarum so you must read his there misprinted Index Libitinarius quasi fuerint Barbae trium Muhametis sociorum successorum interpretum Ebubekiris Osmanis Omeris secum ferre gestareque solent Some think it deriud from Alexander's militarie Ensigns that they vse horse tailes his coins discouering that his were like But it s certain that in another kind horse tailes were very anciently vsd and commonly That is in Crests 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith p Iliad 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Homer of Paris and the like of Achilles his Helm And vpon q AEneid 2. Meminit Synesius in Encom Caluitij memineris quod habent Grammatici de 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Crista verum ista docent Poetae passim adeas si placet Etymologic Mag. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that oritúrque miserrima caedes Armorum facie Graiarum errore iubarum Seruius notes Iubarum pro Cristarum quae de Caudis fiebant vt est Cristaque hirsutus equina But also the Turkish Calendarlar a kind of Monkish Order wear in their Caps long Horsehaires hanging And as the deliuering of one Banner or more was vsd in bestowing of European Dignities anciently so in this Mahumedan State Osman vicissim Michaeli saith the Musulmanique storie speaking of the first Osman or Otoman and Michael Cosses vexillum manu sua tradidit qua ceremonia Clientes Sultani Turcici suis in ditionibus confirmari solent ac magni pretij vestem iniecit With the Banner for so for ought I know this their kind may be calld somtimes it seems when the Prouince was giuen as a Kingdom or Principalitie and partly hereditarie a sword also was deliuerd which agrees further with European custom After the death of Mahumed Beg Prince of Caramania the great Sultan Amurath II. sent to Abraham Beg Ibrahim he is namd also a Banner quod ei suo nomine in manum saies the storie traderetur Gladium quo cingeretur vt hac inuestiturae quam vocant ceremonia ceu legitimus autoritate sua Princeps in Regni Possessionem missus agnosceretur And if Iouius his relation be true Baiazet II. in resigning as it were his Empire to his trecherous sonne Selim I. vsd that girding him with a sword But not only the Sanziac-begs but the Beglar-begs are by this ceremonie created and the great officer Emir or Amir Halem deliuers the Banners Emir Halem so Leunclaw significat Dominum vexillorum flammeolorum qui scilicet supremus est Sultani Vexillifer omnibus Beglerbegis ac Sanzacbegis quum creantur vexilla sua porrigit Magnus Flammeolaris Magnus Flammularis apud Graecos You may soone meet with the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whence those words and the French Oriflambe in Leo's Tactica Codin Porphyrogenetes and such more By the way as touching their Banners with Globes on the top their ancient vse was so which you see in that of the holy War between m. XCV and m. CC. where Robert Duke of Normandie slew one of their great Amirs whose Standard had a Raimundus d'Agiles hist. Hierosolymit Baldricus lib. 4. alij in summitate Argenteae hastae pomum Aureum which the Duke offerd at the Sepulchre hauing bought it of one that took it by right of war for XX. marks And their superstition will allow no pictures of b Septemcastrens cap. 10. Arms or such like yet it s reported that a great Souldier and Knight vnder the Egyptian Chaliphat being afterward Caliph or Sultan there himselfe my autor calls c De Ionuilie en la uie de S. Loys chap. 27. au pres l'an 1240. him Scecedun and it was towards the end of that Caliphat did bear in his Banner the Armes of the German Emperor from whom he had receiued Knighthood and of the two Sultans of Aleppo and Babylon that is of Egypt The words of the old autor are Il portoit in
ses banieres les armes de l'Empereur qui l'auoit fait Cheualier estoit sa bantere bandee d'ont en lun des bandes il portoit pareillement les armes du Souldan de Hallappe en l'autre bande l'ung costè estoient les Armes du Souldan de Babylonie which shews that notwithstanding their Mahumedan precepts they haue born painted Armes Vnder the Sanzac-begs are Timariots but both vnder the Beglar begs and readie for seruice at their command The Timariots are such as haue lands those specially which are acquired by the wars almost as the Milites limitanei in the old state of Rome assignd to them to hold as it were by Knights seruice and by reason of the tenure are bound to the Wars Of them are reckond vnder that Empire About DCCXIX m. able fighting men In Asia and Afrique some CDIXII m. in Europe some CCIVII m. and in them and the Aâ—zamoglas that is children of Christians taken vp to make lan zaries the chief strength of that State consists The name as many other came out of Greek into Turkish 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 d Damascen Studites apud Leuncl Pandect Turc cap. 186. hath been vsed as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for a Stipend Price or Honorarie reward and from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 questionles had its beginning And Timar in Turkish is now as much as Uectigal e Megiser Diction Turcico-Latin or the like whence these Timariots are by some Greeks calld f Chalcondyl hist. lib. 8. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But mee thinks Meursius doth not well interpret that by Honorati vnlesse he had added stipendio militari or such like For to that hath all the honor respect which the Timariots enioy Of these you shall see Osman or Othman the first his Constitution as the Musulmanique storie hath it in Latine Quicunque Timaria vel in Villarum vel aliorum praediorum Constituta prouentibus liberalitate nostra consequutus fuerit eis sic vti frui debebit vt illi absque iusta causa neminis vlla siue fraude siue vi adimantur Quod si morte decesserit eadem ipsius filio cedere volumus etiamsi minor adhuc fiue pupillus sit illa tamen lege vt belli tempore Pupilli loco mittantur alij donec ipse Pupillus adoleuerit armis gerendis idoneus enaserit And hee annexeth a terrible execration on those of his successors that shall any way derogate from this law The Timaria are hereby made hereditarie but at this day as I think they are but for life Som which haue the gouernment of a Town or smal Prouince they call Teggiurlar or Teggiurs i. Presidents Chalcondylas expresses it by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a name in like sense vsd in the Lacedemonian state And in contempt a litle before the end of the Greek Empire they calld those of Constantinople only Teggiurs as if their declining greatnes had deserued no better Their Aphendis writen also by the later Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is corrupted from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i Lord. And by Zelebi in the plurall Zelibilar is our word Noble or Gentle vnderstood Those more speciall Dignities Vezir Beglerbeg and Sanziac-beg I confesse are not lesse officiarie then diuers others here omitted as Cadilescheir or Cassi-asker Agalar Drungar and others but I haue therefore the rather shewd them because they are most honorarie and that as well by their names as places in state The like may be said of the Hungarian Bans which are t Pandect Turcic cap. 174. 71. Presidents or Gouernors of some Kingdomes belonging to that Kingdom as Dalmatia Croatia Slauonia Seruia and others And as Sanzac-begs or Bannerets haue perhaps their name from Band or Banner Whether any communitie betwixt them and the old 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or u Guil. Tyr. de Bello sacro lib. 20. cap. 4. vide verò Meurs Glossar Graeco-Barb in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Suppani of the Slauonians Seruians and other by I know not For Constantin Porphyrogennetes speaking of the Croatians Seruians and their neighbours 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. These Nations haue no Princes but only old Zupans as the other of the Slauonian Nation But the same autor seems then to make 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 equiualent which causes mee think they are both neer kinne to Ban. Which I doubt not but is ment in that of Hesychius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Neither needed Meursius to haue enquird further for it as a Latine word notwithstanding that Hesychius speaks of Italians Who knows not how vniuersall the name of Franks and Latins are according to the later Greeks There are Vaiuods which are loco Regis administrationem habentes in aliqua prouincia puta saith Leunclaw Transsiluania Valachia Maiori Valachia minori sed ea lege tamen vt Gubernatore sit inferior He interprets Vaiuod by Captain or Tribunus Militum Of that somwhat more is in the v. Chapter before where we speak of Polak Vaiuods But since the Vaiuods of Walachia the maior Walachia is what wee now call Moldauia corrupted from Mauridauia i. nigra Dauorum siue Dacorum regio which is exprest in the Turkish Carabogdania assumd libertie to themselues against the Crown of Hungarie they rather affected the title of Despote or Prince which with the miseries they haue endured vnder Mahumedan Tyrannie are somwhat incompatible Of the Moscouian or Russian Knesi or Dukes before One other kind of Dignitie they haue in the Boiari or x Anne quid hic à Barone Boiarones Neque alium gradum saith Sigismund seu dignitatem habent post Boiaros qui more nostro locum nobilium seu Equitum tenent And for their vse of the word Great Illud predicatum Magnus tribuitur omnibus excellentioribus personis Neque n. quenquam strenuum aut Nobilem aut Baronem illustrem aut Magnificum vocant aut alio denique id genus titulo ornant The same autor of the Tartars Nomina Dignitatum apud Tartaros haec ferè sunt Chan Rex est Sultan Filius Regis Bij Dux Marsa Filius Ducis Olbond Nobilis vel Consiliarius Olboadulu alicuius Nobilis Filius For the Nobilitie in Poland see what we haue before where we speak of their Uainods Some proportion may bee found twixt the Mahumedan and Christian Dignities yet none so certain that it may deserue to be expressely noted But for a concluding Corollarie it will not be amisse to adde the quadripartit distinction of Ciuilians which they haue and applied to those Dignities of our Times and States Their Doctors make it in these foure Superillustres Illustres Spectabiles and Clarissimi And comprehend them in those y Lucas de Penna ad C. tit de Dignit proaemio barbarous verses Illustris Primus Medius Spectabilis Imus Vt Lex testatur Clarissimus esse probatur Et Superillustris praeponitur omnibus istis Supposing
this generall Diuision in the first rank of Superillustres they place the Pope and Emperor quo in numero saith z De Sing Certam cap. 32. 33. Alciat Francorum Regem Collocandum censeo cum Imperatoris Fastigium aequet eique in regno suo obseruantiam nullam prestet Nor do I see any colour of reason why all other Kings such as we haue shewd to haue rightly the attribute of Emperor should not as well be mongst the Superillustres But the Doctors generally too much flattering their Emperor put all other Kings beside him vnder Illustres into a different degree from the Emperor But Alciat thinks it fit to adde there such Dukes as haue Royall Supremacie nec ex facto Caesaris potentiam formidant and reckons of them Dukes of Millan Austria Burgundie and Bretagne Among the Spectabiles hee puts other Dukes Itémque Marchiones Comites quos quidam Principes vocant dum tamen ab ipso Caesare Dignitatem suam acceperint Why Dukes Marquisses and Counts made by other absolut Princes should not be of that Degree I know not The Clarissimi are Counts made vnder Dukes Barons Valuasours and idque genus saith hee Pagani Reguli And hee applies this to that question of the Duell vtrum maior ab inferiore iure prouocatur affirming in his opinion that equalitie enough is mongst all of euerie of those Degrees As that the Duell should proceed vpon challenge twixt two of thr Superillustres or any two of the Illustres so of the Spectabiles but that a Spectabilis may not challenge an Illustris nor the like bee in the other Raâ—ks Ei vero saith hee qui ab vsque Abauis sit Nobilis in armis aetatem egerit satis putarem per mittendum vt cum Clarissimis congredi posset Cum enim illorum vltimus sit gradus cum Modica sit inaequalitas haec exceptio non omnino locum sibi vendicat But Paris de Puteo thinks that a Gentleman of foure descents may challenge a Duke or any beneath him vpon personall wrong which nor the like we dispute not here but refer you to those Autors Iustino Mutiopolitano and others many also differing from this quadripartit distinction Which indeed if examiud according to their Texâ—s and Stories of ancient times wherein their great Doctors were too much strangers will bee found to bee meerly their own without originall in their Iustinian vnlesse you call the abuse of his words the Originall For in the a C. tit vt Dig. Ord. seruetur tit seqq Code you haue Illustres Spectabiles Clarissimi Perfectissimi and Egregij and those times had Illustratus Spectabilitas Clarissimatus and Perfectissimatus for abstracts giuen as honorarie Titles but with such varietie that its hard to distinguish to whom euery of them was proper Neither do I see any Ciuilian b Consulas Alciat Dispunct lib. 3. cap. 4. Isidor Origin 9. cap. De Ciui able to extricat it enough cleanly But he nor the Code nor any Text of their law hath that new made word Superillustris And the old French Kings of about a thousand yeers since in their Charters c Aimoin de gest Franc. 2. cap. 20. alij take but the addition of Illustris or Illuster as they wrote it Plainly the Illustratus was d Cassiodor Var. lib. 6. form 12. highest and the Spectabilitas next And so may that of Ausonius e Eidyll 9. in Mosella be vnderstood speaking of such as Italûm populos Aquilonigenásque Britannos Praefecturarum titulo tenuere secundo The secundus Ordo in ancienter time before Constantin about whom these new Titles and others began most in vse including the Flos Iuuentutis or Ordo Equestris whence one vnder f Papinius ad Marcell Syluar 4. Domitian calls Septimius Seuerus a Roman Eques by the name of Iuuenis inter Ornatissimos secundi Ordinis Neither was that distinction of Illustres Spectabiles and the rest then known howsoeuer it s attributed to g Photius Patriarch Biblioth Cod. 244. Diodore of Sicily that he affirmes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. that the Dignitie of the Illustres was third from the Patricij Some great mistaking hath causd this error For Diodore liud before and in the beginning of the Empire How then could hee talk either of Patricij or Illustres neither of which names were as yet in their later sense vsed But the assertion whensoeuer thrust in there means it seems that the Illustres comprehended both Patricij Consules and other Senatores and Praefecti diuiding all of them into three Ranks wherof the last was third from the Patricij The words of h ff tit de Senatorib l. 12. §. 1. v. C. tit Vbi Senat. vel Clarissimi Vlpian are Senatores accipiendum est eos qui à Patricijs Consulibus vsque ad omnes Illustres Uiros descendunt which the Synopsis Basilicon expresses by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. From the Patricij to the Illustres they are all Senators as if you should say From the Patricij which are the chief of the Illustres to the inferior in that Degree inclusiuely are all Senators But if that which Zosimus hath of Constantin's first institution of the Patritiatus thereof before where we speak of Peers be true how can that attributed to Vlpian who liud vnder Alexander Seuerus bee without suspition It hath been before now i Panciroll ad Notit Orientis cap. 2. much suspected and by one that hath best collected these Degrees of Roman Dignities from whom it is fitter to instruct your self in them then here expect them THE END ADDITIONS TO the Copie Adde in pag. 25. l. 28. after 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But when this Conrad's successor Frederique Barbarossa receiud letters from Isaacus Angelus Emperor of Constantinople expostulating with him touching his passage through Greece into the Holy-land and demanding hostages for securitie with Expedit Asiatic Frederic 1. inter Antiq. lect Can sij Tom 5. part 2. Plura de Graecorum fastu in Romanorum Imperium in vidi â habes in Luit prandi Le. gat a Canis Edit apud Baronium Tom. 8. sub A. 968. transcriptâ this Title Ysachius à Deo Constitutus Imperator Sacratissimus Excellentissimus Potentissimus Sublimis Moderator Romanorum Angelus Totius Orbis Haeres Coronae Magni Constantini Dilecto Fratri Imperij sui maximo Principi Alemaniae gratiam suam fraternam plurimam dilectionem he much stormd at the Embassadors and told them that he scornd their Master's fauour and de ipso non fero aequanimitèr si tam arrogantèr me praesumat de caetero salutare and that he himself had by establisht right the nâ—me of Romanorum Imperator semper Augustus wherefore their Mâ—ster should rather haue calld himself Romaniorum then Romanorum Moderator Vpbraiding him with Romania the same which was called Thrace Some of c. There line 30. after Princes
that 's to bee vnderstood 149. 152. the apparition to him in his warres against Maxentius 160. See in Crosses and in Britons his law about marriage of his Nation 37 Constantine a name much affected in the Eastern Empire 76. The Turks call the old Emperors there Constantins 76. 77 Conuentus Parium in Fr. 250 Coronet See Crownes Corona Chorona whence 137 Counts See in Comites Palatij Counts Palatin 24â— whence the name 244. See in Palatin Cosmas sweaâ—ing by himselfe 66 Cossorassath for Cosroes Shach 110 Cornwall Duchie 178. 199 Cornwall and Deuonshire 201 Cral Cralna i. King Queene and Crol Crolna 45 Craunfeild 271 Crateuitz from Crates 78 Craig Eriry 215 Cretans alwaies liers why 12 Cro of Scotland 286 Cracouian Chastellan in Poland before the Palatin and why 249 Crimen Maiestatis 118. 121 Crosse on the Globe 159. when first vsd ibid. 160. how it was in the Emperors Diadems Standards and the like 160. 161. 162 forbiddeÌ„ to be made on the ground 162 Croissant of the Mahumedans whence 162. 163. seq Crowns the first Inuentor 136. 142 vsd anciently but to Gods 136 whence Corona 137. whether it were a royall distinction mongst the Gentiles before Christianitie 137. seq A disputation that it was not ibid. One giuen to Hippocrates of great value for helping the plague 137. Those in the Games c. ibid. 142. TriuÌ„phall Crowns 159. how they were in ancient Rome 139. 140 at Banquets 141. 142. whence the Crowns worne in the Olympians 142. Crown giuen by Alexander to Diogenes and by him to his sweet-heart 143. of leaues 145. 152. Crown Imperiall how it differs from that of other Princes 150. 151. Constantins first wearing a Crown 149. 152. Crowns of the Iewish Kings 152 the Crown of thorns 153. It was an ensigne of the German Empire See the Preface Crown Radiant of the Duke of Florence 153. First of the British or English Kings wearing a Crown 153. Crown of Scotland 153. First of the West-gothique Kings in Spain 153 See Diadem Crowns by louers set on their Mistresses dores and posts 136 Crowns for Dukes and who of them may weare them 194. 195. 196. 198. Of the Archduke 193 Bearing of Crowns on Armories 196. 206. 288 Crowns how their seuerall forme was in the Eastern Empire and how they came by coniecture to be so different mongst our dignities 197. 198. Crown of the Despot 172 Crown of Peacocks feathers 57 Crowns see Marquesse Earle and Vicount Crowning of the Rex Romanorum 170. 171 Culzum Denizi i. Mer de Bachu 106 Cut out of the wombe are sacred to Apollo 70 Cutberti Terra 248 Curis in Sabin 149 Cunegreuij 389 Cyrbasia 144 Cyprus Kingdome 29 Cynosura Princesse of the Notthern heauen 14 D DAnemark the Kingdome 29 Daniel named by Nabuchadnezar 66 Dates of Turks letters 101 Daulphin Daulphinè 172. the reason of the name 173. seq how the Daulphinè is next to Crown 173. Epitaph of Humbert Daulphin in Paris 174 Dea Syria Dij Syri 11 Defender of the faith 79 Dei gratia by what Princes vsed 116. anciently by Bishops Abbots Master of the Temple c. 116. 117 Despot what he was and how to be spoken to 122. 171. hee might weare Purple shooes 156. how he became the apparant heire 171 his Crown 172. 197 Delphinus See Daulphin Deuonshire Earle 236. those of Deuonshire in the Rereward anciently in Praefat. Degradation of Knights 337 Deputie of Ireland 57. 58 Dermut Mac Morrogh 57 Dhilkarnaijn See Alexander Diadem or Fillet 19. 20. it vsed mong the Europaeans before Alexander for a Note Royall 138 seq what kind of Diadem was Royall 143. 144. what it was 145. 147. 148. See in Crowns and in Tiar Digitus salutaris 40 Dionysius i. Bacchus deriu'd 45 Dignities when they began to be Feudall 189. 190 191. 192. 195. how they are taken after the death of the Ancestor in Spain 206. The dignities of the old Saxons 204. 225. See in Thanes 268. Of the Eastern Empire see in Despot Sebastocrator in Caesar in Panhypersebastus Great Duke in Duke Diogenes See in Crowns Districtuale 249 Doctors of the Ciuill Law to be calld Domini 55 Dominus how vsd or refusd mongst the Roman Emperors 47. seq See in Constantine A Sect that would not allow the word Lord or Dominus to any earthly Prince 49. The word vsd in salutation 47. 53. Tertullians conceit vpon the first occurrence of Dominus Deus in Genesis 50. and there the reason of the reading Dominus Deus Dominus Hiberniae 55. how the Title began 56. when altered 58. Dominus among the Chaliphs 111 Dominae to women 53. 54 Domna 52 Domnus 52 Doctor OmniuÌ„ Credentium 102 Dolphin See Daulphin Douze Paires 349 Droit de Police 266 Druides their sacrificing 10 Drichten i. Lord. 61 Ducatus Imperia a play 182 Duces Maiores Minores 207 Dukes whence their name 182. 183. seq 191. how the same anciently with Comes and how different 186. 187. 188. c. See Comes Whether a Duke anciently had XII or any certaine number of Counties vnder him 189. Inuestiture into a Dukedome ancient and late 191. 192. 195. 199. 200. 202. 207 A Duke to be made by the Archduke 193. Great Duke 193. 27. some Dukes as supreme Princes 120. 194. 195. 207. 383. 384. First Duke in France by distinct name 199. the Greatnes of the ancient Dukes there 195 196. 198. 206. First Duke in England 199. Dukes before the Normans 203. they were Earls 204. First Duke in Scotland 205. First Duke in Castile 205. supposed Reuenue Value and Releif of a Duke 232. Of Poland 240. See Magnus Dux Dukes in Genesis 208 Dux and Comes See Comes Dux Duces Limitum 183. 209. 213 Ducianum Iudicium 183 Ducales Tunicae 183 Ducall habit of the Archduke 193 Durham made a Countie Palatin 228. 247. called Cutberti Terra 248. See in Haliwerk and in Franchise Dublin See Robert of Veer Duell challenge to it in point of equalitie of dignitie 384 E EAgles born on the top of Scepters and why 155. on the Emperors shooes ibid. seq and more of them ibid. Earth and Water demanded in subiection required and a speciall disquisition about that custome 33 Earldome surrendred 231 Earles value 232. See in Comes c. before the Normans in England 203. 204. 225. Inuestiture of an Earle 222. 238. 239. his Coronet 198. 223. 239. 240. whence the name 223. by what seuerall names titled after the Normans 228. how their Territorie was a part of their name 229. 230. They had the third part of the profits of the Countie 231. 232. 233. the sword of the Countie giuen them 237. 238. It was douoted anciently if they might be summoned out of their Countie 234. Denominated from Towns 235. See Arundel Cheif Earle of England by new Creation 239. Of Poland 240 Ealdorman 204. his worth among the Saxons ibid. he
was as the Sherif among the Saxons 225. 254. and sate in the Turn with the Bishop ibid. 388. when that was altered ibid. Difference of Ealdormen 226. 227. 269. 270 See in Alderman Ealdordom 255 Ebrew See in Tongues Eddin what 112 Edgar written Emperor 25. 35 rowed ouer Dee by 8. Kings 35 his dominion 55. Edgar Etheling 177 Edward III. writing to Philip de Valois King of France would not stile him King 30 Eires and Enquests there 321 Elamits See in Aelamits Elymaei 109 Electors what they bear 158 Elephant in Caesars coyne and the word in diuers languages 69. See in Orders Ely made a Countie Palatin 247 Eleutho whence for Lucina 165 Elhabassen i. Ethiopians 86 Emperor the beginning of the name 19. Those of the East and West differing about the Title 22. seq 387. vsed by the English Kings 25. 35. and Spanish â—6 Emperor of Russia how he vseth that Title 28. How the Emperor is Dominus Mundi to the Ciuiuilians 26. See in Britons How the Emperors tooke their Surnames 72. Emperors See in Computation in Annointing in Crowns Empires ensignes obsolet in Praefat. Emperor of Germanie calld Vrum Padischah 103 Enessarlar 106 Enosha first Citie built of the world 14 Englands King anciently claimed quicquid Imperator in Imperio in point of supremacie 26. 38. Free from the Pope ibid. See in King in Imperator England when how and by whom named 31. see in Ang. in Heptarchie Entimos in a Charter of Edward III. 198 English Kings annointed 133. when first ibid. Crown'd first 153 See in Britons and in Arthur Eorles See Earles Epitaphs 124 125. 174. 36. Equites Romani 324. the Ordo Equestris as touching their Gold Rings disputed of 325. the Notes of an Eques 326 Equites Illustres 275. 324 Equus Publicus 325 Equestris Census 320 Equites Aurati 317. 361 Erdebil See in Haidar Ereskin first Vicount in Scotland 256 Erlic 223 Esau's kissing Iacob according to Iewish Tradition 42 Espee de Dauid Elias 96 Escuyer 340 Esquier 340. whence the name and how in our Languages 341. the same with Knaue ibid. fiue sorts of Esquiers 342. One made Esquier by Patent in Praefat. One retain'd to be Esquier in time of Peace 344. Esquiers attending on Knights 340 Ethiopian Emperor 16. See in Tongues and in Prester Iohn Etheling 176. 177. 224 Exerif 1. Serif 96 Excellentia Vestra 120 Excellent Grace 122 Exercitualo 272 Expeditio Pontis extructio Arcis munitio reserued alwaies in the freest of Sax. Charters 301 F FAtuitas tua Maxima to the Pope in the French Kings letters 117 Fesse and Marocco Emperor his title 103 Feuds there beginning 293. seq something like them in the old Roman State 294. 295. whether the Lombards were chief autors of them 295. seq against common opinion 297. whence transferd to other parts 297. Nobilitie from Feuds 295. 296. Feuds in the Eastern Empire 297. deriuation of the word 302 Feud See Field Feuds made hereditarie 295 Feuds not to be aliened 297 Feuds in England before the Normans 300 Fealtie 190 Fief See Feud Filz aisne de l'esglise 79 Filius Ecclesiae Maior Minor Tertius 79 Fitzhaimon See Mabile Fire born before the Emperors of Rome and Persian Kings in Praefat. Flauius the forename of Lombardian Kings 76 Florence where PP Pius v. would haue made Cosmo di Medices King but the neighbour Princes would not suffer it 30. The Crown Radiant giuen to the Duke by the Pope 153. 206. 207. the Inscription vpon the Crown 207 Flanders Earldom its Dignitie 116 its beginning 195 Foragia 270 Fodrum 270 Forinsecum 283 Franks the generall name 37. 75 Frater Solis Lunae in a Kings Title 62 France See in Augustus in Annointing in Dukes in Bretagne in Christianissimus in Filius and Filz A coniecture of one why they admit no womans Gouernment 176. see in Salique See in Grecian Frank Padischach 1. King of France 103 Frilingi what 177 Freeheeren 283 Furca Fossa See in Pit and Gallowes G GAbriel the Angell and his deliuery of the Alcoran 104. 105 Gabriels wing cause of the Eclipse 163 Gaurlar 1. Christians 100 Gaesi 298 Gentrie See the Praeface George S. what 363. called Tropaeophorus 364. and Chederle ibid. Genius Caesaris 64 Gelal 110 Ge the Saxon particle 222 Gelt 264 Girding with the sword 238. See in the Creations of Duke Count c. Giul a Rose 89 Gian Belul 85 Giaen the Chaldè in Ethiopia 86 Glocester Earldom began 130 Gladius Comitatus Ducatus 237. 312 Gladij jus vsus 312 Globe and Crosse interpreted 159. See in Crosse. Globe in the Turkish Banner 378 Gower the Poet buried and how 361. 362 Golden world a meere fiction Gomman 44 Gods of the Idolaters in Princes Names so of the true God 65. 66 Gods applied to Princes 62. some stiling themselues Gods ibid. Reason why it s a denying of a Prince his Title iâ— giuing him the name of God 63. Iests on them which call'd their Princes Gods 67 Grands 206 Grafio Graue Greue 221. 226 Grafia 222 Greistock Baron 283 Grace 123 Grand Maistre of France 244 Grand Escuyer 342 Greece the ancient State of it 5. the name of Greece applied to some inward part of Asia 75. 76 Greek patches often affected by old Monks 22. Greek affected in this Western part in the middle times 198 Grithbreche 390 Grecians stiling forein Dignities by the names of those Countries to which they were applied 24 Grecian glory affected by the French Kings 258. 298 Great King by whom vsed 33 Gues Guas or Gais 297. 298 Guassdewr 298 Gylas a Dignitie 89 H HAue 1. Salue whence 53 Haudoni Haudonni in Plautus 53 Hannibal the name in Scripture 67 Harmodius and Aristogiton no bondman to be called so 67 Haman in Esther of what countrie he was 75 Han for Chan. 89 Haidar Prince of Erdebill 105. father to Ismael Sophi ibid. why he is called Arduclles and Ardebille 107 Hautesse Hastae for Diademata 149 Halil the Goddesse Alilat 165 Haeresis de Inuestitura 201 Half-koning 1. half king 227 Haliwerk Folks 248 Haut Iustice. 253 Hhabassia i. Terra Ethiopia 86 Hamilton first Marq. in Scotland 217 Hanses of the Goths in Praefat. Haire long worne by the French Kings See in the Praeface Hairs of horse tailes in ancient and late vse in the wars 378 Heptarchie of England vnder one 30 Herbam Dare victos 34 Helen mother of Constantine 37 Herus 48 Henry 11. his conquest and title in Ireland 55 Henry VIII against Luther 79 Hemiromomelin 99 Hegira of the Mahumedans 100. and its Root 163 Helme Radiant 140. Helme Gilt. 288. 289. Hehelguim See Ailwin Henty 1. See in Mabile Hertzoghen and Hertochij 208 Heriots 225. 272 Hehgerefas 225 Hexamshire its ancient names and a Countie Palatin 248 Heeren 283 Herefordshire Lawes 233 High and Mightie Prince 123 Highnesse 123 Hippocrates rewarded for curing a great Plague 137
Palatin See in Durham in Lancaster in Elie in Hexamshire and in Comes Palatij Palatini Archiduces 193 Palatin whence so calld 241. seq Palazins 242. 246. Count du Palais 242. 243. Deriuation of the Nature and Name otherwise then the Vulgar 244. 245. Of the Empire 246. of France ibid. of England 246. 247. 248. of Poland See in Vaiuods Palatinatus 249 Palatij Custos Comes 242. 388 389 Parlaments 226. 227. 274. 278. and see in Barons and Mikelsynods and in Wittenagemots Patro in Cicero 259 Pares Baronum Comitum 275. 277 Pares and Peers in attainder 285 Pares and Peers in Our Law 345. 346. 347. and amerciament per Pares 347. and Pares Regij 348 Pares or Peers of France their number and Dignitie 349. See Peers Parium conuentus 350 Pares Curtis 348 Pagham or Paganham in Sussex 301 Peleg 7 Pentateuch in Greek before Plato 15 Perseus King of Macedon his inscription of letters to P. Aemylius 29 Persian Empire the speciall honor of it anciently 33. See in Salutations iu Ali in Sophi in Shach in Ismael in Nisan in Cafe in Kissiplassa in Othomaniques in Aelamits in Magi. Persian Kings Title at large anciently 112. and the inauguration 135. See in Eagle in Tiar in Melophori in Sun in Salchodai in Mithra Peacocks feathers Crown 57 Peers at the Childbirth 176 Peers See Pares Pesagium granted 199 Peetermen of Louan 372 Pfaltzgrauen 221. 245 Phoebitius 9 Philip of Valois his letters to Edward III. about not calling him King of France 30 Phoenician letters what they were 69. 70 Pharaoh 72. 73. the speciall names of those Pharaohs in holie writ 73. the word what it is 74. Pharaohs Diadem 141 Phateme Mahumeds daughter 100 Philetaerus his Crown and Coin 145 Pit and Gallows of Scotland 286 Plato if hee read the Bible 15 Plurall number why vsed to or of a singular person 114 Pope titled Doctor only by the Moscouit 28. if he gaue him the Title of Emperor ibid. See in Florence in England in Anselm in Fatuitas in Leo in Kissing No Emperor writes himself more then Elect or Rex Romanorum till annointed by the Pope 171. seq 387 Porphyrogenitus whence what 81. seq to whom giuen ibid. Porphyra a house for the Empresse to be deliuerd in 82. 83 Pontus Euxinus 90 Posoch the Crosse on the Muscouits Cap. 152 Porphyrius whence the name 144 Pomum Imperiale 158 Polack Nobilitie 240. 249 Prometheus the first that ruled and was King according to Greek vanitie 116. his hauing a Crown 142. 143 Princeps Principatus 19 Prester Iohn 85. called Beldigian Ioannes Enco Belul Gian Iochabellul 86. 87. not titled Emperor of the Abisens but Ethiopians 86. Presbyter Ioannes and Prester Iehan how these names came to be giuen him 87. the confusion of the names of the Asiatique Prestigiani and the Ethiopian Emperor 87. his Title at large 88 Prestigiani i. Apostolique 87. 88 Pristijuan 88 Priti Ioan. in Praef. Protosymbulus 23. 377 Prouinciall of Rome 80. 130. Princes of the Empire 116 Pragmatica of Spain touching Titles and Dignities 126. 180. 206. 214 Princeps Iuuentutis 169 Princeps Senatus 170 Prince of Wales when first in the heires apparant of England 177. 178 Prince of Scotland 179 Prencipe de las Asturias 179 Prussia giuen to the Duke 191. Dukes in Prussia 194 240 Protocomes Angliae 239 Primus Comes Palatinus 242 Protosebastus 246 Principautes 256 Punique See in Tongues Purple how a Note Royall and when first 83. See in Shooes Purpureus what it signifies 144 Punishment See in Crosse in Othes in Pit and Gallows Q QVen Quena 44. 246 Queen whence deriued 44 Quirinus and Quirites whence 149 R RAdiant Helme 140. For Radiant see in Florence and in Sun Rabbins interpretation of the plurall vsd in the beginning of Genesis 114. learned of a maid asking her Mistresse for a broom how to vnderstand a place of Scripture in Praef. Ramsey Abbey sounded 227 Rape of Arundel 235 Radknights what 334 Ralph Grey Knight his purposed degradation 339 Rex Regifugium 19. 20. seq Regillianus his being made Emperor by his name 20 Reguli 31 Rex Regum 32. 34. See in King and in Sicilie Reges hominum Rex Regum 35 Red shooes who might weare them 24. 156 Regiae Stellae 67 Rex Credentium 99 Regnum i. a Crown 151 Rex Romanorum 170 Rex Italiae ibid. Reges the generall name of Kings children 176 Regum Amici 185 Reliefs 232. 272 Rheims Bishop 132 Reuersion of all Appenages Dukedoms and Counties in France vpon default of heirs males in the Crown 196 Ressort Souerantè 196 Riga for Regem or Rex 23 Ring to Henrie 11. sent from the Pope as an Inuestiture of Ireland 56. 57 Ring an ancient materiall in giuing of dignitie 199. 200. See in Inuestiture in Duke Count Marquis and Vicount Rings of gold how and to what vse in old Rome 323. giuen at the giuing of Ingenuitie 325 Right worshipfull 124 Richmond Earldom 199. 229 Ricos hombres 289 Richard Earle of Cornwall brother to Henrie III. 345 Riders 332 Rosse Earldom 179 Rothsay Dukedom 179 Robert of Veer made Duke of Ireland and Marquisse of Dublin 216 Rowland 242 Robert Grostest his answere to Henrie III. questioning him whence he so well was able to instruct yong courtiers in fine Praefat. Rodulph 11. Emperor his League with the Turk about their Titles 113 Round Tables 365. 366 Romanorum Imperator 387 Rubeum Caput 83. 84 Russia Alba Nigra 84 Russian See Muscouir S SAlchodai of the Persians what 11 Salutations twixt Emperors 38. 40. in Rome anciently twixt common persons 47. flattering salutations forbidden by the Emperor 40. Persian salutations 40. 41. Iewish 49. 52. Punique and Syrian and Greek 53. Turkish 98. See in Pragmatica and in Superiors Sanctitas Regum 65 Saba Queen whence 73 Salomon and Q. Maqueda 86 Sabaei and Terra Sabaea 86 Sarmatians planted in Europe 91 92 Saxonie Dukedom 116. its Coat and inuestiture 152 Sanctissimus 121 Sacred Maiestie 123 Saturn President of the Iewish law in Astrologie 166. See Belus Salique law whence and when and by whom composd 175. 299. Salica Terra what 175. 296 Saxon Nobilitie anciently 177. 204 268 Sagibaro 261 Sach or Sake 261 Saccabor Sathabor c. 263 Sagmaria 291 Saumarius 291 Sardanapalus 6 Sanzacbegler 355. 377. 379 Scaligeran familie 92 Scepter how anciently a token of Roialtie 154. Eagles born and other birds on the top of it 155. an ensigne of the Consuls 155. swearing by it 157. why and whence it was vsd in othes 158 Scutarius 340 Scales 263 Scilpor 341 Scotlands King free as the Emperor 27. knighted here in England and his excepting against the Marshals fees 315 Sesostris Sesoosis or Sefonchosis 32. 73. 46 Septimius Seuerus why calld Arabicus 86 Semper Augustus Semper inuictus 89 Seat of the Great Chan. 92 Seals who might vse them