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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
prince_n	brother_n	king_n	wales_n	2,591	5	10.1644	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51726	The pourtract of the politicke Christian-favourite originally drawn from some of the actions of the Lord Duke of St. Lucar : written to the Catholick Majesty of Philip the Great, and the fourth of that name : a piece worthy to be read by all gentlemen, who desire to know the secrets of state, and mysteries of government / by Marquesse Virgilio Malvezzi ; to this translation is annexed, the chiefe state maxims, political and historical observations, in a brief and sententious way, upon the same story of Count Olivares, Duke of St. Lucar.; Ritratto del privata politico christiano. English	Malvezzi, Virgilio, marchese, 1595-1653.; Powell, Thomas, 1608-1660.	1647 (1647)	Wing M360; ESTC R9198	61,007	163

enable my Relation and make the infinite worth of the Duke more famous are not by me recounted in this present worke because that I having written it I call God to witnesse without his consent I reputed it not convenient to publish them to view without authority from him that performed them but it doth me good neverthelesse to believe that he will one day be pleased that some more eminent pen then mine shall divulge them to the world not to defraud him of the glory of being the first to informe Favourites how to serve their Prince and Princes how to governe their people He that shall write as the Duke did will discover a knowledge of the great good inclination in his Master and declare himself to be a faithfull Favourite To with hold Princes from businesse may be a laudable effect but alwaies of a blame-worthy occasion if prudence produce it it is an ill signe for the Prince if sagaeity it it is worse for the Favourite because it alwaies intimates the one wicked the other unable There have been some that have deem'd it an irrevocable maxime for Favourites to estrange Princes from all manner of businesse but it may be that they peradventure have thought it ought to be so because they have found it done so they would have one draught serve to one species in a world wherein nature hath not made any thing originall that is not different to give excellent precepts to one that never was excellent and hath too too much strayed from the right is a sure destroying of him Hee is not at the first capable of more then of an indifferent good he must be first healed and then perfected there is no doubt but that a Favourite who feares not his Prince as he ought doth utterly ruine himself if he suffer his manner of proceeding to be corrected or if he let his Prince come into action The good old man of Chio said that when a Physitian met with a contagious distemper he was not on the sudden to reduce it to what it should be but to what it was at the first because to that then it ought to come Nature which does help to expell a worse distemper then its owne doth resist to bring in a better It might peradventure be credible that that Master would have inferred this who did desire a Tyrant indifferently good not that he should stay there but because he imagined that he could not at the first be reduced to a superlative without his ruine The examples of this most wise Favourite would bee of no use to the vigilant Sound mens food is most dangerous for the sicke Necessity of state importuning Taxes and the Duke knowing how much it grieved the people to see their contributions given away he writ a Discourse to his Majestie wherein he discovered the great errour that Princes ran into that proceeding and that there was not wanting to his Majestie Habits Orders Honours Offices Degrees and Greatnesse to satisfie the merits of the Worthy without either distasting the subject or impoverishing the Exchequer This counsell was the occasion that the King began ro remunerate his deserving subjects or the deservings of his subjects with honours and dignities Riches are not the pay of worth they are the wages of labour he that buyes it vilifies himself he that sells it is vile already The operation of worth produceth its reward for it produceth honours and he that hath it can pretend nothing more then some markes that he hath it Of this condition are Greatnesse Titles Orders Habits and of this nature were the City Crownes the Collars and the Triumphs of the Ancients Such rewards if they grow common give no honours nay rather they loose that they have when they are bestowed on such as have it not There was a time when rewarding did not emptie the Kings Coffers and it was a time fertile in worthy men they were most rewarded who were least rewarded Honour was then a very great price and the price of vertue only But when that which was a price began to be at a price it lost value and made men loose their courages so that honour and worth became both mercenary and men lusted rather after the wealths that bought them then after the qualities that got them The originall of so much errour and confusion was derived from such Princes that were needy and poore and thereupon gave more honour to the wealthy then the worthy but these would not have had need of riches if they had not made them necessary with taking away the reputatiou● of worth The Spartans were a while without gold and the first Romanes if they had it did not adore it States have many times encreased with money but never without valour It may be it did not concerne Kings to keep it in credit such are not the most valarous but the richest they have given reputation to what they alwaies have to assure them of that which sometimes they have not The Prince of Wales went into Spaine to get the Infanta Maria to wife and for some other respects of the Palatine his Brother in law When the Lord Duke stood firme upon this resolution that when the King of England should in his Kingdome grant all that in favour of the Catholike Religion without which there was no probability of a match that then the Catholike Nation should accord to all that that the conveniency of State required nor would he ●ver depart from this Catholike vow although he well enough understood that if the King of England would not consent to this proposition as he did manifestly declare he would not the issue that he insisted upon with a potent King to the enemies of the house of Austria and that he did foresee Warrs which would more load the Favourite then any man else because they take from him the commodity of enjoying the degree that he doth possesse and oppresse him with turmoyles cares and necessities that attend them This Counsell was the counsell of the Duke and the counsell and the Duke are worthy of the highest praise hath no need of my pen I doe here lye downe with all reverence and humility at the feet of Pope Vrban our Lord and as I have been confident to be able securely to goe on in the way of commendations of the Duke enlightned by his great splendour which in many things cannot erre and in those he can he will not So likewise have I been willing to participate the Ray of it to others to strengthen their sight that see and to illuminate them that see not and confound them that will not see Then did his holinesse write a Letter to the Lord Duke the contents whereof translated into Italian sounds as you here may heare To the beloved Sonne and Noble Lord the Earle of OLIVAREZ Vrban the Pope 8. NOBLE Lord and beloved Sonne health and Apostolicall benediction The Common report of the Monarchie of Spaine drives such an applause

more afraid to sinne in the presence of the Prince then of God he doth as it were doubt of that which is certain and is as it were certain of that which he doubts All our errours proceed from our ignorance of God for though we know that he is yet we know not what he is because we see him not as he is Princes can have no better masters and instructors then the lives and actions of their progenitors in whose stories they should bee well versed If men are desirous to know the learning of the Ancients they should likewise desire to imitate their actions Though men be not changed in their Species yet they are changed in their actions which follow the Individualls and the change of diet hath altered the temperature and this in part changed the manners The Heavens and Starres are not changed in their substance and motions but in their aspects which is the cause of the diversity of sublunary effects It s no wonder that there is not one man like another upon earth seeing there is not one constellation like another in heaven As in Astrologie the observation that is nearest is least false so in policy is that example which is most moderne All ancient Medicines and precepts for diet are not now to be used nor are all ancient Lawes now convenient As in Sculpture men are not now shaped with the same habits they wore of old so moderne States are not now to be ruled after the manner of the old Romanes The World is like an Instrument of many strings alter one and all are out of tune As Empericks are to be condemned in Physick so are Exemplaries to be abandoned in policy for we are not to make use either of ancient or moderne examples Many examples are required to make a rule many of them are dangerous as being not from prudence but from fortune which is not to be presupposed in businesse but to bee desired Meates which stay only in the stomack do not nourish the body so history which remain only in the memory doth not informe the judgement Polititians are not to operate according to the judgement that they have raised upon the reading of these examples Princes are not by subjects to be satyrized against but to be praised if past followed if present and to be wished for if future If Satyrs be false they move laughter if true they excite choller they then that punish them approve of them To be blamed with a lye comforts for it intimates a not being able to be blamed with a truth Princes that find themselves galled with truth fall into fury because they perceive that known which they did not believe to be known Liberty of speech and writing against a Prince causeth him to loose his respect which once lost produceth rebellion It is better timorously to avoid dangers then confidently to encounter them If beauty moves to love it incites to compassion which is formed either from the quality of the person or of the businesse this is produced from feare that from love Feare is of things future love of things present therefore though feare be more active yet the person present moves more compassion for that which is hath much more vigour then that that may be Woman was made not against the intention of nature but for generation from the assaults of whose beauty we are better preserved by distance then by resistance To blame competitors is either a signe of great good or of weakenesse and when it proceeds not from zeale it proceeds from envie Though an Artist at first make some excellent Artificer his object yet afterward he reflects more upon the greatnesse of the art then of the Artist To stand firme in a good opinion is constancy in a bad is obstinacie He that is chiefe of the counsellers is not alwaies found to be chiefe in counsells The object of the understanding is truth if it be quieted with that which may be and may not be it is deceived Monarchies are supported by two base Pillars that is by Executioners and Sergeants as the sweetest gardens are by the basest excrements of beasts The office of executioner which was performed by Samuel and Eliah is now for want of zeale to Gods glory left to the meanest people as also that Princes might not seeme terrible to the people and so be more feared then loved The most capitall offence in conspiracy is to conceale the conspirators for he that knowes a rebellion and holds his peace shewes more feare then love Tyrants by their wickednesse have made the revealing of conspiracies an infamy and the plotting of them a glorie The Prince as a Physitian ought to use his subjects that are sick of infamy roughly not to kill but to cure them Not only ought fortune to be pictured on a wheele but also every thing else in this world Cities that rebell against their Princes though they overcome yet fall into many inconveniencies as the overthrow of their Countrie the destruction of the people the consumption of their Exchequers c. The love of interest which is a Clyant doth easilie overcome all other loves which are but children The space of an hundred yeares is the bredth of the channell of the river of forgetfulnesse Rebellions are unfruitfull vain not without great danger and extreame great losse The Romanes dealth courteously with the Graecians in beating down the walls of their Cities for so they made them the more vertuous and lesse rash Mens good complexion is oftentimes their death because being confident of it they fall into disorders that kill them Wars sprout out again when Conquerours know not how or will not know or are not able to make an end of their victories Warres many times would not be if the greatnesse amongst equals did not bring forth envie and if there were not jealousies amongst inferiours The covetuosnesse of Princes to get large Dominions is grounded upon the desire they have to keepe what they have got Augustus by not dilating but bounding the Confines of his Empire both fortified the same tooke away envie and feare and made it known that his desire of domination was not infinite Breach of Faith hath caused jealousie and jealousie envie Historicall observations The Lord Iasper Guzmans pedegree COunt Olivares was borne i●Rome and for twelve years went up and downe with his Father Having entred into Spain hee disposed himselfe to the study of the Lawes Made Rector of the Vniversity of Salamanca His elder Brother died His Father also died about the same time He went to the Court after he had got learning He refused to goe leige Embassadour to Rome He was twice like to be murthered Hee was nominated for a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to Philip the fourth In the entry of the Kings service he found many difficulties He was accused by the King The King tries his patience He left the Court a while when Philip the third with the Prince went to Portugall His Speech

to the Prince when the King was like to die The first Counsell bee gave the King was to call home from exile many worthy men He bestowed upon his Vncle the charge of State businesse reserving to himselfe the care of the Kings person and charge of his house He left the Duke of Ossuna his kinsman in the hands of justice and Don Roderigo He placed none of his kindred in the Kings service but such as were worthy Hee bestowed the Lievetenantship of Castile upon an excellent man He put away his servant for recommending a businesse to one of his Officers He quickned the Law against Riots in Spaine He procured the King to joyne three men of excellent abilities with him as assistants Hee perswaded the King to forbeare taxing the people and to remember well deserving men with offices honours and titles His advise to the King when the Prince of Wales went into Spaine Pope Urbans Letter to Count Olivares The Prince of Wales returne to England discontented and the effects thereof By Guzmans care the Spaniards had good successe in Brasil and else where He refuseth the Kings donative and to transport a ship with merchandise to China He accepts of the stipends belonging to his Offices He provides a remedy against the delay in the promotions of Counsells He intercedes to the King for old officers to be dismissed and rewarded He had but one onely Daughter The Kings answer to him about the marriage of his Daughter He marries his Daughter to the Marquesse of Torall she was brought to bed of a dead child and dyed her selfe His care of the King in his sicknesse He spent 16. houres every day in the Kings service reserving onely eight for himselfe He advanceth the Cardinall of Tresco to be President of Castile against the opinion of his friends He counsels the King to cry downe the brasse-money of Spain to halfe the worth He prudently manages the businesse of the Kings Revenues He caused some rivers to be made navigable and some veines of gold to be found in Spaine Hee counselled the King to assist the French with a Fleet against Rochell He reserved the rewards of warre bestowed upon him to helpe deserving men in their necessities He was very easie to pardon injuries against himselfe as he shewed in pardoning the man that would have pistolled him When offices and dignities were to be distributed he came seldome to the counsell He caused a little window to be made in all places of Counsells to make Counsellours the more wary He intreated the King to read the stories of his predecessours and told him that one of them did ill in depending too much upon his Favourite He punished Libellers and Satyrists against the King but not against himselfe He gave no audience to women and assures maids and widdowes that few lines under their hand should prevaile more with him then the sight of their persons He was no obstinate maintainer of his ●wne opinions His Speech to Don Francisco of Con●reras His carriage towards the Duke of Ascot who was sent by the Infanta in the ●roubles of Flanders into Spaine He convinced the Duke of Ascot by shewing him the Infanta's Letter He humbly desires the King to excuse the errour of the Duke of Ascot THE POVRTRAIT OF THE Politick Christian Favourite Originally Drawn from some of the actions of the Lord Duke of St. Lucar Written to the Catholick Majestie of PHILIP the Great and the 4th of that name I Write unto your Majesty rather of your Majesty I write of your Favourite it is said that Moses spake with God in the Mount and yet there are that believe that he spake with an Angel sometimes Angels are the figures of God with us Favourites the figures of Angels with Princes Princes of God with men that magnanimous Heroe whose stupendious victories did not violently take away did give when he saw the prostrate prisoner Queen at the foot of his chariot did value himself able to make Alexanders an errour in it self glorious which his greatnesse mounted already to so sublime a degree did manifest If amongst Authors of an admired Classis there hath been any one found that reputed a Prince praise-worthy because he had a minister worthy of praise how much more is your Majesties due who hath a servant of great condition one that you have elected and made What glorious action shall I recount wherein thy great Favourite may not acknowledge you the actour either because you have concurred with your assistance or because you have given an influence with your grace or have dictated nay animated it by your wisedome and greatnesse In this subject great Potentate I will figure out your image not the true one but the likest God did not disdain to see himself shaped under the semblance of a man and worshipped not because man can be his Image but because he made him after his Image Laborious it is but it is profitable to Register the egregious performances of men in being They wound and they heale and where they heale they also wound Their resounding doth awaken reprove stirre up and leaves no place for sloathfulnesse to passe the time idly away in the laments of the time If one man of vallue be borne the fame of that one produceth a thousand for if she being fruitfull should not bring forth the world would be now one only mans because he being sterill would not have produced so much as one The glory of those that are past like the King of Bees hath Majestie and greatnesse but hath no sting It wounds not it inanimats not disanimats if it be examined because it hath no soule it makes humane condition lamentable that glory dispicable which being neither enjoyed by the soule nor perceived by the carcase doth first remaine vaine with the body and then without it vainest of all It is an accident will accost a substance and where the substance dies if it be it works not The Actions of Predecessours that they may be praised require no more then to bee flourishingly related it is with them as with pictures for it is sufficient if they be but master-like painted no consideration is had whether the Actions be true or the Pictures bee like in as much as the Acts of the Ancients are not knowne nor the Originalls of the draughts are not seen but he that writes the deeds or drawes the picture of one that is alive let him look for censure and that from the weakest since papers have no soules and cloathes no tongues Men are sometimes without eyes nay though they have them they see not colour because they have them not without colour Every one judgeth of every one that writes according to his owne affection one shewes himself a flatterer and another malicious I doe professe it is true to be infinitely oblig'd to this exalted Heroe but it shall never be discovered that I rather sordidly defile then faithfully satisfie that obligation which as it is

to the Counsells of your Nobility that that serves for Authority to your person which is its felicity in as much as fame the messenger of truth conceales not the praises of the Lord Duke Olivarez but by publishing your vertues fills all Europe and comforts the Church of Rome Wee truly who long before this have had notice of your Noblenesse are hardly to expresse with what comfort of heart wee have now heard by our beloved Sonne Father Zachary a Capuchin how much more you esteem a good report then riches believing that an affection for the propagation of the Faith is the fortification of the power of Spaine and the greatest honour of the Catholike King And hee affirmes that the Counsells of your zeale are such that they assure the patronage of Heaven to your family and perpetuall felicity to the Kingdomes of Spaine in as much as it is published that you have given such instructions of Christian piety in the businesse of the mariage with England that forraine Princes may learne from you with what great vertues the Chatholike Religion adornes her sonnes withall in whom the glory of the Name of God hath a greater sway then the encrease of any humane power These praises thus confirm'd by the testimonie of so good a Priest did give so much consolation to the cares of our dignity that We have been pleased to notifie it by our Apostolike Letters Proceed on worthy Lord take such paines that the inseparable Nations of the Spanish Empire may know the publike welfare the Ecclesiastick Iurisdiction and the Authority of the Noblenesse upon which We bestowe Our Apostolicall Benediction From St Peters in Rome under the Seale of the Piscator the 27th of Ap. in the yeare of our Pontificate the first and of the Lord 1624. Iohan. Champele The Prince of Wales being but ill satisfied and returned into England joyn'd himself with other of the Emulours and enemies of the King in the League of Avignion the Articles whereof were that the Hollanders should set upon Brasile that the Army of France with the assistance of the Duke of Savoy should fall upon the State of Genoa and that the King of England should goe with a Fleet for a designe upon Cales that the King of Denmark with Protestant Associats should infest the Empire that the Venetians should furnish the Duke of Savoy with money and the Grizons with money and munition to make an inrode upon the Valteline that a peace should be procured between the Turks and the Persian that the Turke might enter by the way of Hungary and Bethlem Gabor by Transilvania that the Hollanders should send Cannons and Cannoniers to the Moores of Affricke that they might beseige Mamora and Larachy All these stormes were dispers'd first by the breath of God then by the prudence of the Catholike King and by the counsell and providence of the Lord Duke there was a Fleet supplied in Brasile which recovered the Sconce whereof the Hollanders were Masters in the Bay of All Saints two Armies relieved Genoa and the Valteline the one set at large that which was at the last gaspe the other did maintaine in the Valteline the Catholike Religion The Englishmen were expected with so furnished a preparation that after they of Cales had killed some five thousand of them the rest returned home wearie and afflicted The Hollanders did loose Breda The King of Denmarke was beaten in a battle and betook himself to his trenches The Affricans were repulsed from Mamora and Carachy with a great losse After which successes there was a peace made whereby the Church obtain'd great authority the Catholike King great applause and the Lord Duke no small reputation When Leagues thrive Iealousie breakes them when they doe not thrive feare breakes them but they seldome overcome if they doe it not in an instant they have large forces but not long in regard that they are for the most part composed of ordinary powers and Warrs do quickly consume their treasures but it is not so with Monarchs A League is a body of a facile corruption it often resolves into the first matter and that abandoned it remaines but an empty power Many Sciences and Arts have one and the same object but never considered after one and the same manner and howsoever they accord to move toward it yet they agree not in the operation The Tailor goes to the same body that the Philosopher doth but when hee hath cloth'd it he leaves it because it is not ever to be cloath'd The Physitian goes likewise to the same body and when he hath healed it he goes his way because it is not alwaies to be cured The Philosopher alwaies stands fast there because it is alwaies moveable So in Leagues all have power for the object but by a diverse manner some because they receive hurt by it some because they feare it some because they envie it The first being quit from hurt they goe away because it is not alwaies hurtfull the second secured from feare they goe away because it is not alwaies fearefull so that at the last there remaines none but the last which doe alwaies envie it because it is alwaies to be envied The King would have given the Lord Duke a great Donative and would likewise have authoriz'd him to have transported from new Spaine into China a ship laden with marchandize an advantage which would have been of great commodity to him but of an answerable damage to the inhabitants of Spaine The Duke did accept of neither because he would not transgresse his established rule I conceive this so necessary an action and so concerning his reputation that I should not commend it if the ignorance of many that have not so known it did not proclaime it admirable The act is so profitatable that he who is not perswaded to it by prudence is to suffer himself to be brought to it by prevision To accept of what accepted incurres blame and what refused merits glory is a testimony either of basenesse or foolishnesse Worldly men that are not of this Alloy walke to the Temple of glory but the passage is so steep that they have need of a Waggon Some have recourse the Chariot of worth and some to the Cart of riches whereupon it comes to passe that as they are to be borne withall who seek them to make themselves glorious so are they to be reprehended who hunt after them to make themselves be blamed The Lord Duke forbeares not to take the stipends belonging to his Offices which he personally performes not applauding that drynesse of the conceites of those morrall men that blame riches Vertue I speak now of morall vertue doth not consist in being poor but in making ones self poor He doth not adore but despiseth money that spends it he that would not be rich is an un profitable poor man and a cruell fool He that casts riches into the sea is a poor vaine man and an envious fool He that possesseth wealth