to suck them in the Poll or elsewhere to suck their Blood once in 24 hours 10. The Devil promising to them to live gallantly having pleasure of the World for so many years that they shall want nothing Clothes Victuals nor Money 11. Giving Six Pence and vanishing with the paper 12. At their solemn Meetings upon the way saying Thout Tout a Tout Throughout and about 13. After Meeting and due courtesy done and other service they have a cloth laid on the ground c. 14. Wine Cakes Rost-meat Drink c. 15. The Devil sits at the upper end of the Table 16. Useth some words before meat 17. Bidding the Guests welcome 18. Plays upon a Pipe or Cittern 19. The Name of God or Jesus not mention'd at their Meetings 20. Giving them power to bewitch persons either by 1. Baptizing a Picture of Wax c. The Devil saying I Baptize thee with this Oyl The Witches saying A Pox on thee Ill spite thee c. The Devil himself being Godfather Or 2. Giving an Apple Dish Spoon c. Or 3. By a Touch or Curse c. 21. Sometimes they have Carnal Copulation together at such Meetings 22. The Devil leaves an ugly smell at parting 23. They use such words as these at parting A Boy merry meâ—t merry part 24. As they return homewards Rentum Tormentum In short the Devil keeps to no order is no where constant to himself In Popish Countries can be Papist in Turky Mahometan and adapt himself to the Humour of his Disciples The Order of the Jewish Service in Barbary out of Dr. Addison Jewish 1. THey spend some time in the Meditation of the Divine Attributes 2. They repeat to themselves Numb 24.5 How goodly are thy Tents c. And Psal 26.8 O Lord I have loved the habitation of thine house c. 3. They lay the right hand on the heart and bowing their Bodies toward the Chest wherein the law is kept they begin the publick Service 1. With Psal 5.7 As for me I will come into thy house in the multitude of thy mercies c. 2. After the appointed course of the Psalms they have Two Lessons the first out of the Law the second out of the Prophets 3. They Pray 1. Standing 2. Girt 3. With the Head bowed 4. Their Face toward Jerusalem 5. Their hands on their heart 6. Uttering their Prayers in a sort of plain Song 7. Without Spitting or Belching c. 8. At Confession of Sins using Prostration and shewing a great sense of their own vileness 9. At pronopuncing of Holy Holy Holy Lord God c. they jump up three times Ancient Christian The Order of the Divine Service amongst the Primitive Christians out of Dr. Cave The manner various commonly thus 1. They began with Prayers probably v. Tertul Apol. c. 39. 2. Read the Scriptures The Quantum arbitrary The Apost Constitut appoint two Lessons S. Clemens Epistle to the Corinth Hermas's Pastor The Writings of S. Ephrem Read in some places after Holy Service 3. They sung Hymns and Psalms vid. post 4. The Presbyters and President of the Assembly preach'd and made Exhortations one after another 5. Prayers were made for Catechumens Penitents Possessed c. according to their respective Capacities the Persons in every rank departing as soon as the Prayer that particularly concerned them was done 1. The Catechumens departed 2. The Penitents The Deacons crying aloud 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Lat. Ite missa est 6. The Faithful only the Catechumens gone and the Doors shut proceeded to the Lord's Supper wherein they 1. Prayed for all states of Men c. 2. Gave the kiss of Charity 3. Prayed for the Consecration of the Eucharist 4. Received the Elements 5. Made their Offerings 7. They Admonished Censured Absolved c. 8. They concluded with a Blessing Afternoon Note They had publick Prayers and Sermon to the People in the Afternoon Chrysost Basil Augustine make sufficient evidence of it 9. The People stretched out their right-hand the left-hand being put under it Cyril 10. During the Administration they sung Psalms Psal 33. constit Apost and Hymns 11. Concluding with Prayer and Thanks-giving 12. Saluting each other with a Kiss of Peace Signacula Orationis Tertull. Ancient Heathen The Order of their Service out of other Authors D'Assigny c. 1. The Priest washes hands in pure Water 2. He leads the Sacrifice to the Altar 3. Before they offered to Jupiter they offered Praoedancae Hostia some preparatory things to the Daemones or Angels that they might intercede for them to the God 4. If these appeared unlucky they offered others succedancae Hostiae 5. The Priest offered a set Form of Prayer to Janus and Vesta 6. He mark'd the Beast with his Knife from head to tail and if he appeared unruly they let him go and took another 7. Laid upon his head and back the mola salsa mixt with Frankincense 8. Tasted a Cup of Wine 9. Caused the Assistants to do the like 10. Poured the remainder of the Wine between the Horns of the Beast 11. Took from that place a few Hairs called prima libamina and cast them into the Fire 12. Commanded an Officer to kill the Beast 13. The Assistants flead him lighted the Wood c. 14. The Sooth-sayer with a long Knife turned the Bowels up and down to observe them and tell his Judgment upon them for they might not touch them with their hands 15. The Priest cast some Frankincense in the Fire with some Wine 16. The Priest taking that part of every Member which the Officers had cut out into a Blatter called Lanx or Discus did litare i. e. cast them into the Flames to appease the God 17. While this was doing the Priest and the Person that gave the Victim did jointly make their Prayers to the God with their hands upon the Altar 18. Then they with the Assistants went to Feast upon the Remainder of the Sacrifice singing the Praises of their God 19. After the Banquet they returned to the Altar and cast into the Flames the Morsells of Meat that were left with the Tongue and some Wine 20. They returned Thanks to the God for the Honour of sharing with him in the Victim 21. At Rome they concluded with Prayers to Janus and Vesta the Tutelary Gods of the Empire N. B. At the beginning the Herald called to the People Favete linguis Afterwards to the Priest Age quod Agis Jewish Their Order of Service in Rome Venice Worms Mentz Frankfort c. at this day out of Mr. Rosse 1. THey wash and scrape their Shoes 2. They enter the Synagogue with great Reverence bowing towards the Ark. 3. Are tied to a set Form of Prayer by Book 4. The People answer Amen Though their Liturgy be in the old Hebrew which the People genearlly understand not 5. They utter divers brief Benedictions and after them some short Prayers 6. Instead of Sacrifices because banished from Jerusalem they read the Law concerning
the Pastor laid upon the Altar the Bread and Wine for the Sacrament were taken viz. common Bread no dispute then about leaven'd or unleaven'd Bread 3. Hence also probably they had Provisions for the Agapae where Rich and Poor feasted together At â—â—â—st probably before the Sacrament 1 Cor. 11. Every one took his own Supper Afterwards in Chrysostom's time it was after the Sacrament for they fasted till the Sacrament 4. The Elements being prepared 1. The Deacon brought Water to wash the Bishop's and Priest's hands I will wash my hands in Innocency v. Constit. Ap. l. 8. 2. They Deacon cryed aloud Mutually embrace and kiss each other this is the holy kiss when thou bringest thy Gift to the Altar c. 3. They prayed for universal Peace wholesom Weather Kings c. See the Form Consist Apost 4. The Minister and People mutually saluted saying Priest The Lord be with you People And with thy Spirit Pr. Let us give Thanks unto the Lord. Peop. It is meet and just so to do 5. The Minister rehearsed the Prayer of Consecration giving Thanks for the Death Resurrection c. of the Son c. for admitting them to those Benefits praying for a closer Union Ending with the Lord's Prayer 6. The Minister cried 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ans There is one Holy one Lord. J. Ch. 7. They exhorted to participation by a Hymn Come Taste and see that the Lord is good Cyril 8. The Bishop or Priest Sanctified the Elements See the Form in S. Ambros de Sacram. l. 4. c. 5. 9. They brake the Bread delivering it to the Deacon and he to the Communicants then the Cup the Wine mixt with Water For Infants and wealt the Bread dipt in Wine was given 10. The posture was various in Dionys Alezander's time standing Euseb Hist Eccl. l. 7. c. 9. 11. The People stretch'd out the right hand the left hand being under it Cyril 12. During the Administration they sung Psalms Ps 33. Constit Apost and Hymns 13. Concluded with Prayer and Thank sgiving 14. Saluted each other with a Kiss of Peace signaculo Orationis Tertul. Enlogiae pieces of Bread sent to Catechumens c. Mahometan The Mahometans used Circumcision after the 8th Year when the Child is able to make confession of his Faith where lifting up his Finger he speaks these words There is but one God and Mahomet his Prophet one God and equal Prophets After Circumcision ended they Feast three days together and then they carry the Circumcised to a Bath with great Pomp and then home again presenting him with gifts Circumcision not commanded in the Alcoran The Women are not circumcised but only use the words When any Christian abjures his Faith and is circumcised they are led through the Town with great honour and rejoycing and exempted from Taxes and Tributes Yet the Moors of Egypt circumcise their Daughters cutting off some of their Nymphae M. de Thev The Old Arabians circumcised at thirteen years of age Rosse In Mexico the Priests washed the Newborn Children and let them blood in the Ears Rosse Ancient Heathen In answer to Circumcision and Baptism The Heathen Romans every Citizen gave notice of the birth of their Children to the Prefects of the Treasury in the Temple of Saturn upon the Ninth day for the Male the Eighth for a Female but the Tenth amongst the Greeks upon which day called therefore Dies Lustricus Nominalia the Child was Purified Named They accounted the Child in danger till the seventh day past The supposed Goddess of the day was called Nundina The Grecians on the fifth day had their Midwives to carry the Child and run about a fire made for the purpose for the purification of the Infant and consecrating of it to the Houshold Gods This day was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dr. Holyday on Juvenal Modern Heathen The Inhabitants of Ceilon dedicate a Cock to the Devil by way of Vow in case of sickness Capt. Knox. The most Ancient Historians tell us that the Egyptians were the first that instituted Circumcision or else learn'd it from the Ethiopians thence it came to be used among the Cholchi Phenicians and Syrians Ludolph They of Alnajah circumcise with sharp Stones and Epiphanius quotes the Homerites for the same custom from whence came the Abyssinians Idem The Troglodytes Nigrites and other innumerable Nations use it for cleanliness or for generation as conducive to it or because they have a longer Praeputium idem Among the Abyssins Egyptians and Arabians even the Women are circumcised and the most impudent about the Cape of Good-hope who yet prostitute themselves for a small matter to the Seamen My Author wonders that only in Africa and Asia the Women should have such extuberances as have need to be cut off idem O Bandaron O Uncircumcised is as great a Reproach among these Women as O Arel i. e. O Incircumcised amongst the Jewish Men idem Among the Bannyans the Priests Children and Merchants i. e. Bramins and Bannyans in Baptism anoint with Oyl and cleanse with Water the prophaner sort Men of War and Manufactures have only Water with the point of a Pen opposed to their Foreheads Sir Th. Herb. Diabolical The Witches renounce their Christian Baptism and suffer the Devil to pour Water upon them and take another Feigned Name in their Fictitious Baptism Mart. Delrio Disq Mag. l. 5. Sec. 16. Also for a Pledge they give a Fragment of their Garments and write their Names or make their Marks with their own Hands in the Book of Damned Reprobates ibid. Some offer the Sacramental Bread to the Devil Also the Wizard or Witch in some secret part of the Body hath a kind of a Dug which the Familiar Spirit at certain seasons sucks thereby receiving some service and peradventure infusing some malignant virtue and power into the Witch which serves as a kind of Sacrament to them for the conveyance of continual nourishment Glanv Consid on Witches Dr. d ee when his Son Rowland was sick ready to die made a Vow if God should restore his Son to eat but one meal on Saturdays c. Act. with Spir. p. 10. vid. post cap. de Jejun Mr Mather tells of a Diabolical Sacrament in Bread and Wine Wonders of the Invisible World 7. Fasting Mortification Penances Jewish THE Fasts of the Jews are 1. Publick which are many concerning which we have given account already in the Monthly Festivals save only that we omitted one which is kept in the Month of Tizri or September for the death of Gedaliah Jer. 41.2 2. Private as 1. On Mondays The reasons of which see before in the Chapter of weekly times of Publick Worship 2. Thursdays Which are kept only by the Devouter Sort. The general rule in all their Fastings is to forbear Meat and Drink till the Stars appear but in this they are palpably carnal relying upon the very doing of the Work Dr. Addison Some fast on the 10th of March because Miriam died that day and
the Alms and this is done every Lord's Day and the Purse laid upon the Communion-Table 7. Then the Minister prays again concluding with the Lord's prayer 8. After which they sing another Psalm and conclude with the Blessing Afternoon-Service 1. At one a clock the Bell rings and calls to Catechism which is begun with a Psalm and prayer and concluded with a prayer also the minister in the rehearsal of it standing before the Communion-Table 2. Then the Bells ring again for the Evening-Service which is much what in the same manner with the Morning-Service Note that in some Churches they have Organs in others none Lutherans of the Palatinate On Week-days they have Prayers every Morning and in some places Morning and Evening their Order thus 1. They sing as on Sundays taking the Psalms before them in order as they go one day the 1st and 2d Psalms the next the 3d and 4th c. 2. The Minister Prays in short 3. He reads a Chapter out of the Old Testament and another out of the New 4. He reads a Form of common-Common-Prayer one single Prayer for all necessities Emperors Magistrates c. by Book the People all the while lifting up their hands closed together concluding with the Lord's Supper 5. He ends with the Blessing Note 1. In some places they have Prayers on Wednesdays in others on Wednesdays and Fridays 2. Every first Wednesday in the Month is a Prayer-day the Shops being shut and no body daring to work till after Sermon 3. The Lord's Supper is administered in some places monthly in others quarterly The Posture standing notice is given before hand and the Minister goes with the Church-warden from House to House a Fortnight before to examine them of their fitness and the day before he gives a preparation Sermon and puts Interrogatories to the People taking a kind of Confession from them and requiring their Answer Yes 4. At Baptism the Midwife holds the Child the Godfather and Godmother standing by whilst the Minister takes water out of a Bason on the Communion-Table and sprinkles it on the child In the Name of the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost 5. On Whitsunday they sing one of Luther's Hymns to this purpose Now we beseech thee Holy Ghost Through Faith thou wilt us keep That when this world we shall depart In thee Lord we may sleep Kyrie Eleison Thou the true Light enlighten us Let us know thee alone Who in our Father's Countrey hast Thy mercy to us shown Kyrie Elison c. It consists of two such Stanzaes more each concluding with Kyrie Eleison 2. Calvinists 1. Their Doctrines and Discipline They hold absolute Praedestination Ordinatination by Priests appoint Synods at stated times and places are for the assistance of Lay-elders in the use of the Ministry condemn Diocesan Episcopacy and all significant Ceremonies Lent days of Saints the Cross in Baptism together with all unnecessary impositions the use of Godfathers and Godmothers in Baptism and the Government of Bishops without the Assistance of Presbyters Mr. Ric. Baxter 2. Their Worship and Usages 1. In the Canton of Zurick 1. Their Morning Service 1. In the morning on Sundays they begin with Grace Peace and Mercy from Almighty God be at all times with us miserable sinners Amen And then in a certain Form Pray for the Magistrates Burger-master Persecuted Churches sick and afflicted and distracted Persons about which the Minister is allowed to enlarge his Prayers concluding always with the Lords Prayer 2. The Minister kneels down having laid his Book on the Pulpit Prays in silence for himself as the People also do 3. He delivers his Sermon by Heart as they are all enjoyned to do 4. In case of Wedding he publishes the Banns thus These following Honest persons c. but in case of scandalous unchastness the word Honest is left out 5. If any be Dead that week the Minister names them praiseth God for their deliverance out of this Thraldom into everlasting Joy advising them to be watchful c. 6. Next follows a short general confession of sins I poor sinful wretch c. and after that a Prayer for the Sabbath all Kings and Estates of Christendom the Cantons of Switzerland c. concluded with the Lord's Prayer 7. The Minister turning towards the People saith For God's sake remember always the Poor in your Alms Pray constantly one for another Pray to God for me which I also will do for you tho this only the Lord Antistes is used to say and after the Administration of Holy Baptism and the Christian Hymn is finished to the praise of God depart in peace And the grace of God be with you 8. After this the Minister goes down from the Pulpit to the Font to Christen the Children if there be any to be Baptized 9. Then the chief Chanter with his Scholars begins a Psalm taking the Book of Psalms in order before them throughout in the year the whole Congregation of men Women and Children following with distinct Voices and a most Melodious Harmony N. B. Young Ladies and Gentlewomen learn of their Minister to sing and play on Virginals but are forbidden Dancing 2. Their latter Morning-Service begins At Nine a Clock with a short Form much what as in the former Morning-Service and then Sermon and last of all with a short Confession of Sin and Prayer for God's Mercy and the Lord's Prayer and another pretty long Form of Prayer he concludes adding Pray continually c. depart in peace On Sunday-Mornings they always preach on one of the Four Evangelists their Sermons are an hour long or near it Heathen Authors seldom mentioned and the Primitive Fathers but sparingly The Text expounded out of the Hebrew or Greek Originals meer Morality preach'd is sharply censured by the Chapter or Synod 3. Their Noon-Service 1. The Minister useth the same Form of Prayer as he used before the Sermon in the Morning concluding with the Lord's Prayer c. 2. He rehearses the Ten Commandments and the Apostles Creed concluding them with a Collect. 3. Then either continuing in the Pulpit or going from Pew to Pew according to his discretion over against the Font which is placed near the Quire he examines the Children and Youths even 'till they are capable of the Lord's Supper or 'till Marriage in some places out of the Tigurine-Catechism or takes an account of several Lessons out of Holy Scripture which he had assign'd them before 4. Then out of the Pulpit he makes a Paraphrase or Explication of the Questions he ask'd 5. At last he concludes with a Prayer O merciful God who preparest Praises to thy self out of the mouths of Babes and Sucklings c. Concluding with the Lord's Prayer At this Service the Parents are bound to be present under pain of Censure and Rebuke of the Minister or Consistory 4. Their Evening-Service for they have Service four times a day consists 1. Of a Form before the Sermon for themselves for the
Persees have 1. A Dostoor or High-Priest who seldom appears openly but when he doth is much Reverenc'd 2. Daroes or Harboods inferiour Priests who are by their Law to dwell near and abide much in their Eggarees Temples to give Advice unto any that shall repair unto them 2. In Guinea the Priest is called Fetissero 3. In Ceilon the Priests are of three Orders 1. Priests of the Buddon-God which live in the Vehars Temples proper to that God These are 1. Tirinaxes Superiours 2. Gonni 2. Koppuhs Priests to the other Gods who are to offer in the Temple Dewal boyl'd Rice and other Victuals to the Idol 3. Jaddeses Priests of the Spirits Diautduâ— who serve in the Covelt Temples built at their own charge They visit the Sick when sent for and offer a red Cock to the Devil 4. In Japan Bonzaes fifteen or twenty to a Pagod 5. In Fermosa Inibs Priestesses only Women who offer Prayers and Sacrifices in a most extravagant and obscene manner Mandilslo 6. In the Philippine-Islands their Priests are mostly Women Sorcerers Rosse 7. In Pegu Talapoi Diabolical Dr. d ee in his Magical Transactions made use of one Edward Kelle whom he calls his Seer or Skryer afterwards his Son Arthur Dee who in a round Stone or consecrated Crystal saw and heard all the Shapes and Figures and Voices of the Magical Apparitions 'T is hard to give a distinct Account of all those Persons which the Devil makes use of in a more than ordinary manner for the promoting of his Interest and doing Service to him We shall mention some of the chief 1. Magicians by 1. Stones as Dr. Dee 2. Rings as Excestus 3. Optic-Glasses 4. Riddles or Sieves 5. Figures 6. Dreams c. 7. Charms Spells c. 2. Common Witches and Wizards who have Communication with their Familiar Spirits 3. Fortune-Tellers Prognosticators Astrologers Jewish 1. Nethinims from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to give because given to the Service of the Temple Their Office was 1. to hew Wood. 2. Draw Water These were Gibeonites 2. Viri Stationarii 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who were to stand by during the Oblation and to carry the Gift for the rest of the People They serve in their courses of which there were twenty four Some mention Archi-synagogus the chief Ruler of the Synagogue N. B. Dr. Lightfoot saith There were Seven Readers appointed in their Synagogues who when the Angel of the Church or Minister of the Congregation called them out did read Now to every Synagogue belong six Officers 1. The Summas or Sacristan who keeps clean the Synagogue and trims the Lamps 2. The Pernas who provides the Wine given to the Youth at the entrance and end of their Sabbaths and Festivals 3. Mari-catab who folds and unfolds the Law c. 4. He who bears the Law in Procession through the Synagogue 5. The Elhaim who touch the two Staves of the Law called the Trees of Life on which the Law is rolled when carried 6. The Chesau or Precator Dr. Addison Christian 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Inferiour Ministers or Subordinate Officers 1. Acoluthus who was to attend the Bishop as a Witness of his Life or as some say to set up Lights at the reading of the Gospel 2. Exorcist who was to attend the Catechumens and Euergumeni and rehearse a Form of Prayer over them in the out-parts of the Church the People in the mean while praying within also to Catechise 3. The Reader whose Office was to stand near the Ambo and read the Portions of Scripture Julian the Apostate was one 4. Ostiarii to keep the doors of the Temple and shut out Hereticks Jews Gentiles Some add Fossarli Overseers of the Grave Cantores Laboratores c. 5. Deaconesses who were to help Women at Baptism to visit and instruct Women c. Such were Phoebe and Olympias in C. P. c. This is all out of Dr. Cave's Primitive Christianity A Parallel between the Civil and Ecclesiastical Government of the Romans A Justice of Peace a City a Bishop A Proconsul a Province Arch-bishop A Lieutenant a Diocess a Primate The Emperor the Empire Christ Jesus N. B. St. Hierom accounts a Bishop and Priest all one ad Tit. c. 1. And Clem. reckons but three degrees of the Clergy viz. Priest Deacon and Minister Clem. Ep. 2. de Conc. Di. 3. Mahometan The Director of their Prayers who among the Turks is called Imam but among the Persians Pichnamaz he says the Prayers and makes the rest say them and therefore he always stands foremost that the rest behind may see what he doth Seâ—thi as the Turks call them or Seriffi as the Moors are such as descend from Mahomet Amongst the Persians their Spiritual Officers are 1. The Sedre who is chief in Spirituals and sometimes promoted to be Eatmad Doulet i. e. Chief in Temporals 2. Scheik el Seiloâ— i. e. Sheik of the Law 3. Cadi Both these are named by the King and Judge of Controversies These two last decide all Points of Religion and make all Contracts Testaments and other publick Deeds Judges of Divorces and all civil Processes M. de Thev Among the Turks and Persians are Muezim qu. Sextons that call to Prayers from the tops of the Minarets some call them Talismans Choza Elders which execute the Service and Preach Modecis the Governor of an Hospital Antippi On Friday in the midst of the Temple in a place thirty steps high read something of the Life of Mahomet after which Two little Boys sing certain Prayes After which one of the Antippi with a Lance and Scimiter exhorts to defence of Religion Ancient Heathen 1. Duumviri afterwards 10 then 15. appointed by Tarquin Superbus to keep and interpret the Books of the Sibylls and especially of Cumana which were preserved in a stone Chest in the Capitol and to oversee the secular Solemnities 2. Soothsayers 1. Augurs who did in a high Place with a crooked Staff lituus limit a space in the Air to observe the flying of Birds or chirping tripudium and thence to foretel things to come 2. Aruspices who did inspect the Entrails of Beasts sacrificed for the same intent 3. Auspices qu. Avispices The College of them was at first 3 afterwards 4 then 9 and at last 15. Their Office was to consult the Gods in doubtful cases offer Sacrifices make Prayers Effata c. never concluding upon less than Two Signs 3. Fâ—ciales whose Office was to offer Peace or proclaim War by casting upon the Enemies land a bloody Lance or turning a Ram loose into their borders Upon the Conclusion of a Peace to offer a Hog for Sacrifice praying that whoso broke the Articles might perish as that Hog upon breach of Oath to offer a Hog for Sacrifice The High Priest among them was called Pater patratus 4. Aeditui kept the Temples and Keys 5. Pope Victimarii assisted in the Sacrifices 6. Epulones were Overseers of the Feasts 7. Preficae Women that wept for the Dead 8.
welcome thither and bid him ask any thing of him and he would give it him c. M. de Thevenot 2. A Comfortable maintenance and that freely without grudging The Mulaes have great Salaries Purchas saith the Priests have stipends allowed by the Emperors but so little that they often use writing of books and handy-crafts for their living So soon as the Gr. Seignior perceives the Mufti he riseth up advances some steps and salutes him very respectfully By the Mahometan's law it is not lawful to put a Mufti to death M. de Thevenot Even Christian Priests and Monks and Jewish Rabbins are exempted from paying Karadge or contribution yearly to the Grand Seignior Idem The chief Temple in Fez hath 200 ducats a day for revenue Rosse Ancient Heathen 1. The Priests had 1. Tithes not for themselves only but for Sacrifices also and common uses The Aâ—â—â—nians dedicated their Tithes for Divine Sacrifices and common benefit Diog. Laert. lib. 1. Plautus makes mention of Tithes paid to Hercules Xenophon saith Of every litter of Pigs one was due to the Priest that when he pleased to offer to the Gods he might not want a Sacrifice de Rep. Laced The Sabeans offered the Tithes of their Spices to the Idol Sabis Cyrus at the taking of Sardis sequester'd the Tithe of the Spoil to Mars and Pallas 2. First-fruits The Hyberborei Northern People sent their First-fruits to Apollo at Delos Plin. The Druids are wont to be absent from War neither do they pay Tributes they are exempt from Warfare and have immunity of all things Coes 〈◊〉 Bell. Gall. The Pontifex Max. might ascend the Capitol in his 〈◊〉 which none else might do 〈◊〉 was he to render an account of any of his Actions 1. The Pontifex Max. not subject to the Magistrate 2. The Flamen Dialis might for that day protect any Malefactor that escaped to him 3. Augurs though convict of heinous Crimes yet were not punished or put out of Office 4. Vestal Virgins never walked abroad but with an Iron Scepter in their Hands and whatsoever Malefactor met them fortuitously escaped Punishment Modern Heathen The Persees at this day pay Tithes to their Priest-hood The Behedin or Lay-men pay to the Distoore or chief Priest and in his Absence to the Her-â—ood or Priest or lastly to the Daroo or Church-men spiritual Officers amongst them The Bramens in the East-Indies take what they please of the Offerings made to the Idols pick out of the funeral Ashes what Gold and Silver they can find are much respected in Malabar never hurt by Enemies in War as other People are M. de Thev The Koppuhs in Ceylon enjoy a piece of Land that belongs to the Dewal where they Officiate and that is all their benefit unless they steal somewhat that is dedicated to the Gods and therefore they follow Husbandry and other Employments Knox. The Priests of the Buddou God enjoy great Revenues of Church-lands without paying Scot or Lot or Taxes to the King And where-ever they go the People bow down to them but themselves bow to none They have the honour of carrying the Tallipot a broad Leaf for shelter with the broad end foremost and have a Matt with a white Cloth upon a Stool laid for them where-ever they come to sit upon Honours used only to the Kings besides Knox. Diabolical The Devil promiseth lavishly to his Factors as he did to our Saviour all the Kingdoms of the Earth and the glory of them but his golden Mountains are often as vain in their Effects as Aesop's pregnant teeming Mountain in its product Dr. d ee and Kelly after all the encouragement given them in quest of the Philosophers Stone died poor and we seldom see Wizards or Witches rich and 't is well for us that the God of Heaven is pleased to limit Satan in the distribution of the unrighteous Mammon for were he permitted to give freely and as he list to such prophane Wretches a great part of the World would soon be charm'd with the Temptation and as certainly fall to dancing after his Pipe as the Children of Hammel in Germany 130 in number followed him in the Habit of a Musician and were never seen more 11. Persons making up the Body of the Assembly Jewish 1. PRiests who had a Court by themselves where was the brasen Altar and Laver called Atrium Sacerdotum 2. People 1. Proselytes 1. Foedoris of the Covenant who submitted to the whole Mosaical Pedagogy called by the Rabbins 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. Portae of the gate Deut 14.21 who were tied only to Noah's seven Commandements these dwelt among the Jews whence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 incola Such was Naaman the Syrian the Eunuch Cornelius and those Act. 2.5 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. Unclean viz. by legal Pollutions who together with Strangers had a Court by themselves in Herod's Temple parted from the rest by a Stone-wall bearing this Inscription 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. Excommunicated by Niddui viz. put out of the Synagogue for they were allowed to be at Divine Service Note Where ten Israelites are met together there ought to be a Synagogue A Proverb 4. The clean Communicants 1. Men. in the outward Court called otherwise Solomon's Porch 2. Women in the outward Court called otherwise Solomon's Porch in the midst of it was a brasen Scaffold for the King 2 Cor. 6.13 it went round about the Temple divided perhaps in Jehoshaphat's time into the Mens and Womens Court between which was an ascent of fifteen degrees Ancient Christian 1. Clergy 2. People 1. Catechumens 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. more perfect well nigh ready for Baptism These stayed to the very last end of the first Service 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who stood amongst the Hearers and departed after the Lessons accounted yet as Heathens yet instructed in the Rudiments of Religion Note 1. They were shy of imparting Mysteries or as Basil Dogmata to them and this especially to make them eagerly desire the Privileges of the Faithful for this was part of the Form used in publick Service Let us pray that the most gracious and merciful God would hear the Prayers of the Faithful Chrysos Hom. 2. c. 1. ad Cor. 2. At first they were instructed privately at Home by Persons deputed on purpose then in the Congregation where they were present at some part of Divine Service especially Sermons 3. The Time for Catechising was different the Apostolical Constitutions appoint three years ordinarily 2. Penitents 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Such as wept and lamented as Candidates to be received into the Order of Penitents They stood usually in a squalid and mournful Habit in the Church-Porch begging the Prayers of the Faithful 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who stood in the upper end of the Narthex heard the Scriptures and departed with the Catechumens 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Prostrate who stood next the Pulpit or Reading-Pew and after Service ended fell down before the
over another upon the Navel and say softly some Prayers to themselves 4. They still keep their face to the Keble 5. At the end of every Prayer prostrate themselves on the ground and cry Allah ekber At Sabahnamaz they prostrate 8 times At Noon 20 times At the Quindy 16. At the Akschamnamaz 10. At the Yatzinamaz 24. 6. They never prattle nor talk in their Moschs but carry themselves with great Reverence 7. They turn neither this way nor that way whatever may happen M. de Thevenot Ancient Heathen The people were obliged both among the Ancient Greeks and Romans to a grave Comportment all profane and rude persons being driven away And when any Sacrifice was offered both the Priest and People that offered laid their hands on the Altar to signifie their free consent and heartiness of Devotion Modern Heathen In the Becar a Province of the East Indies when the people come to their Pagods having taken directions from their Bramens they anoint their bodies with Oil and say their Prayers and depart M. de Thov But first they present their Oblations to the Idol Idem The Persians are covered on their Heads all day long with their Shasks not excepting the presence of their King nor their set times of Devotion Sir Tho. Herbert 16. The Rule of Worship Jewish 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Moses The Prophets The Psalms H. Scripture Hammi-kra Reading 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Secondary Law consisting in Traditions for many Years unwritten or dispersed without Order till after our Saviour's time and then by Rabbi Juda reduced to Aphorisins which afterwards became of great Authority with all the Jews The Book is called Mischna i. e. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Its parts are as followeth 1. Zeraim of Fruits and Seeds c. 2. Moed of Fasts 3. Naschim of Women Divorces Diseases 4. Nezikim of Losses 5. Kodaschim of Sacrifices and sacred things 6. Tahoroth of Purifications Hotting Their Religion is contained in the Old Testament and Talmud M. de Theven For say they Moses was not with God on M. Sinai 40 Days and 40 Nights to keep Geese Purchas Canons also were made by the Sanhedrim and varied in several Generations about the Times of Morning and Evening Service the Number of Prayers to be said daily which at last grew to be 18 c. Dr. Lightfoot To study and read the Bible is a Vertue and not a Vertue i. e. a small Vertue but to learn their mischna or Talmud-Text is a Vertue worthy Reward and to learn Gemaram the Complement of the Talmud is a Vertue so great that none can be greater Purchas ex Tract Banamaziah Ancient Christian 1. H. Scripture Our pious Fathers fetcht their Weapons against the Hereticks out of no other Armory than the Scripture Augustine against Patilianus the Donatist saith Let not these words be heard among us I say or you say but let us rather say Thus saith the Lord Jerome saith whatever things are asserted as delivered from the Apostles without Scripture-Testimony are smitten with the Sword of God Ambrose to Gratian the Emperour Let the Scriptures be asked saith he Let the Apostles be asked Let the Prophets be asked Let Christ be asked Jewel's Apol. I adore the fullness of Scripture Let Hermogenes's School shew that it is writ if not writ let him be afraid Tertul. 2. Traditions Of which Tertullian speaks in these words I will begin with Baptism where coming to the Water we testify before the President That we renounce the Devil his Pomps and his Angels then are we thrice dipt answering somewhat more than Christ commanded in his Gospel The Sacrament of the Eucharist which our Lord instituted after Supper we partake of in our meetings before the Day arise we think it wickedness to fast or to pray kneeling on the Lord's Day we kneel not from Easter till Whitsuntideâ— Whensoever we go forth or come in or whatsoever we are conversant about we sign our foreheads with the sign of the Cross And if you do require a Law of Scripture for these Observations you will find none Tradition will be alledged as the Author and Custome the confirmer of them de Coron Mil. c. 3.4 Vincentius Lirinensis saith he many a time and with much industry and attention enquired of Holy and Learned Men how he might by a certain general and regular way discern the Truth from Falshood c. and he always received this kind of Answer First by the Authority of the Divine Law and secondly by Tradition of the Catholick Church Because saith he tho the Scripture be perfect and more than sufficient for all things yet by reason of its heighth it is diversly interpreted Let us endeavour to hold that which hath been believed every where always by all Vin. Lirin Commonit c. 1 and 3. Mahometan Mahomet distinguisheth the Law into 1. Written viz. The Alcoran so called from Al this and Koran Reading of 124 Azoaras or chapters On the Cover of which they write Let none touch this but he that is clean Their Liturgy is in the Arabian Tongue not understood by many of the common people The Priests never touch their Alcoran without an Expression of much outward Reverence So the people at seeing or hearing of it read shew much attention affection and reverence The Alcoran written in Heaven and sent in the month Ramadan They lift it to their heads before they read it It hath no method or order in it 2. Unwritten viz. the Suna or Assonna Traditions whereof Bochari hath published 7275 Titles or Apothegms Most of the Mahometans do firmly believe them all called therefore Populus Sunae N. B. They receive the Decalogue of Moses and cause it to be observed by all M. de Theven Ancient Heathen 1. Written The Romans had the Books of Sibylla Cumana kept by a College of 8 Pontiffs with a Chief whose Office it was to regulate all the Ceremonies relating to the Worship of the Gods Galtruch What Rites of Sacrifices and Worship were to be observed were not only diligently prescribed in the Laws of Sacrifices but by the Oracle of Apollo enjoyned to be observed with much Accuracy Nat. Com. 2. Unwritten The Druids of Gaul held it not lawful to commit their Verses of which they had a great number containing the mysteries of their Discipline to writing Caesar Comment Modern Heathen 1. The Hindoes or Indians call the book of their Law Shestâ—r or the book of their written word which hath been transcribed in all ages ever since the first delivery of it not long after the Creation as they say by thee Bramins out of the which they deliver Precepts unto the people Viz. 1. Thou shalt not kill any living creature c. 2. To observe times of fasting and hours of watching 3. About Festivals c. 4. To take their food moderately c. 5. Help the poor as far as possible 6. Not to tell false Tales 7. Not to steal 8. Not
Sacrifices c. with some Expositions thereof out of the Talmud 7. They pray in particular for the re-building of Jerusalem and their return thither with great vociferation and rejoycing 8. They read a long Prayer collected out of the Psalms and 1 Chron. 30. 9. They conclude with singing those words of Obadiah v. 17 18 c. Other Songs also they sing much to this purpose When they say Hearken O Israel the LORD our GOD is One LORD they turn their heads to the four Corners of the World When they say Isa 6.3 Holy Holy Holy c. they leap three times 10. They utter an execrable Prayer against the Christians 11. They pray for Peace bowing to the Right and Left and depart backward out of the Synagogue looking to the Ark. Ancient Christian The Order of Divine Service out of Ignatius 1. On Sunday is a publick meeting out of both City and Countrey where are read as time will permit the Prophets and Apostles The Reader having ended 2. The Pastor or President makes an Exhortation 3. Afterwards we all rise up and offer Prayers 4. Then is brought Bread Wine and Water 5. Then the Pastor according to his Abilities offers up Prayers and Thanks-givings the People saying Amen 6. Then Distribution is made and 7. By the Deacon sent to such as are absent 8. The Wealthier-contribute if they will which deposited with the Pastor is to be given to the Poor The Order of Divine Service out of Tertullian We come together into the Congregatign that we may as it were with an Army besiege God with our Prayers 1. We Pray for the Emperors and their Ministers 2. We are Assembled for the reading of the Divine Scriptures 3. There are also Exhortations 4. Castigations and the Divine Censure And Judgment is passed with a great deal of weight and authority as among those who are certain of the presence and inspection of God c. 5. Every one brings some small piece of mony to the Chest if he can one day in a Month or when he will for no man is compelled but gives freely 6. This is as it were a pious Depositum for the feeding and interring of the Poor for boys and Girls destitute of Estate and Parents also for such as are aged such as have suffered Shipwrack The Order of Divine Service in Muscovy out of the D. of Holstein's Embassad 1. The whole service consists of certain Chapters out of the Bible Psalms and the Athanasian Creed 2. Whereto they add a Homily out of S. Chrysostome 3. And certain Prayers which they sing much in like manner as Antiphonaes are Sung saying ever and anon Gospodi Pommilui Lord have mercy upon me which the People repeat three times making the sign of the Cross 4. The Priest goes up to the Altar reads S. Basil's Liturgy and takes the Sacrament himself but gives it to none else Modern Heathen The Bannyans in Devotion to their Pagods under their Trees 1. Receive an Unction and Sprinklings of sundry coloured Powders c. 2. Pay their Tithes and Offerings 3. Repeat their Orisons 4. Make Processions 5. Sing and perform may Mysteries c. Sir Tho. Herb. The Siamites use abundance of Lights before their Pagods in time of Service They likewise Incense them and adorn them with Flowers and precious Stones Mandelslo At Banerous in India when the Pagod was opened 1. Four Bramins came with a Censer each of them followed by a rabble of other Bramins that made a hideous noise with Drums and Trumpets c. 2. The two eldest sang a Song the People singing in a Tune and playing with every one a Peacock's Tail or such like Flabel to keep the Flies off from the Idol 3. Half an hour after the beginning of this Musick two principal Bramins made a great noise three times with two little Bells and a kind of Mallet knockt at the Pagod-door 4. This done the Pagod was open'd and the Idol Ram to be seen the People falling upon the ground with their hands on their heads prostrating three times 5. Then rising up they threw great quantities of Nosegays and Garlands to the Priests with which the Priest touch'd the Idol and restored them again 6. Before the Altar stood a Bramin holding a Lamp of nine Wicks lighted in his hand on which he cast Incense Then the Pagod was shut and the People departed Tavernier 1. Particular Parts of Divine Worship and 1. of Prayer Jewish Observe 1. THE Orators or Persons praying The Priest as Speaker for the People the People by way of consent and communion with the Priest 2. The Times or Seasons There were 4 hours of Prayer daily observed in the Temple There are now but three in the Synagogues Dr. Addison 3. The Place 1. The Temple 2. The Synagogues 3. Private Places 4. The Form All in Form of which there were 18 in number belonging to their Liturgy in our Saviour's time Dr. Lightfoot Their Prayers now are very many and therefore they run them over in Hebrew Rhimes c. Purchas 5. The Gesture They pray standing with their Loins girt and their Bodies bowed a little and their Faces toward Jerusalem at Confession of Sins using prostration and at Praises extraordinary jumping up as at those words Holy Holy Holy Lord God of Sabbaoth as is said before Dr. Addison Rosse adds Laying their hand on their heart They hold it a great sin in praying to belch yatch spit or break wind because they hold the Angels to be there present Rosse They believe That whosoever saith heartily Amen hastens their Redemption Idem Ancient Christian The Method and Order of Divine Service among the Indian Christians out of Sir Tho. Herbert 1. They Assemble chearfully 2. Shut their Eyes at Entrance 3. Salute the Priest with humble Reverence who resalutes them by lifting up his hands and eyes 4. The Priest at a set Hour begins Prayers seldom exceeding two Hours in the whole Exercise 1. Making a brief Confession 2. The People assenting in an Unanimous Amen 3. Expounding some part of Scripture during which their Attention Looks and Silence is commendable 4. Singing an Hymn 5. At parting out of the Church re-saluting the Priest who ceases not to elevate his hands 'till all the People are departed N. Every first Sunday in the Month the Priest reads a Homily writ as they say by the Apostle or some of his Disciples The Order of the Armenian-Service out of M. Tavernier l. 1. c. 3. 1. They put off their Shoes and enter into Church 2. When they hear Mass they sit with their heads covered all the Service-time except at the Elevation of the Host for then they take off their Bonnets and kiss the Earth three times 3. There was viz. at the Church in Egmiasin upon the Altar a Cross with Six Candlesticks of Gold and upon the Steps to the Altar four Candlesticks of Silver five foot high 4. After they had sung several Hymns the Patriarch seated himself in a Chair
cover'd with Silk-Tapistry four Arch-Bishops sitting with their backs to a Pillar at his right hand The Service was solemnly perform'd by an Arch-Bishop with two Bishops on each side 5. When the Arch-Bishop had made certain Prayers he gave the Book wherein he had read the Gospel to the Patriarch Bishop and People to kiss at last many kissed the Patriarch's hand c. In Muscovy all say their Prayers either standing or kneeling for they have neither Seats nor Benches in their Churches The late Great Duke who was much given to Devotion lay all along upon the ground when he said his Prayers D. of Holst Ambassad Trav. p. 102. Note I liked one thing that I saw both at Strasburgh and here viz. at Frankfort that at the end of Prayers a considerable interval of silence was left before the conclusion for all People's private Devotion Dr. Burnet's Letters Mahometan The Turks pray 5 times a day concerning which they have many Traditions some necessary some of counsel and decency e. g. 1. In noon and afternoon prayers to be read with a low voice in the morning and at night with a loud voice if an Imam be present else 't is indifferent 2. The men lift up their hands to the tip of their Ears the women to their Jaws 3. Accompanying the Imam which a low voice in all he doth imitating 4. Prostration touching the ground with forehead Nose c. These things make the Prayer Null 1. Talking laughing or weeping loud at Prayer unless at the mention of Paradise or Hell 2. Scratching 3 times in one place passing before the Imam without prostration turning their face from the Keble advancing the space of two Ranks beginning the Prayer when the Imam begins another a mistake in reading saluting any willingly 3. They may not pray in the habit they commonly work in 4. Nor before the fire yet they may by a Candle or Lamp The Expiation for a fault of Inadvertency is Prostration Ancient Heathen 1. The persons praying viz. Priests and others c. 2. Times and Seasons At Sacrifices publickly 3. The place At the Altar and in the Temples 4. The Form A verse out of a Book Theag. lib. de diis v. Nat. Com. The Gentiles read their Prayers out of a Book before their Sacrifices Ne quid praepostere dicatur Alex. ab Al. l. 4. c. 17. They often began thus Dii Deaeque omnes c. i.e. O all ye Gods and Goddesses c. 5. Gesture They Prayed standing to the Superior Gods sitting to the Inferior 6. The Matter At public Sacrifices they Prayed that the God would accept their Offering and be bountiful and pleasant c. At other times they put up odd Petitions as Juno Verenda concede Fratrem occidere c. Eurip in Phaen. Da mihi fallere da justum sanctumque videri Horat. Plato Advised That whatsoever Hymns or Prayers the Poets composed should be first shewed to the Priests lest they should err Modern Heathen In Slam the Religious Orders are tied to rise at Midnight to pray to their Idols Rosse In Goa they pray to the Sun and Moon c. and to the first thing they meet with in the morning tho a Goose or an Ass and all the day after they Pray to it But a Crow they cannot abide Idem About Jemena in Bengala they use to Pray naked in the Water and to do Pennance by lying flat on the ground kissing the Earth holding up their hands to the Sun and turning themselves about 40 times Idem See more of this in the Second Part of this book under the Title of Prayer Magical Ad illum viz. Cacodaemonem complicatis genibus supplices accessistis Mart. Delrio Sebast Michael in Pneumalog refer exemplar sententiae latae Avinioni Anno. 1582. Glanvil saith they call the Devil sometimes Robin and pray to him O Satan give me my purpose Dr. d ee in all his Actions with Spirits tells us that he always went to prayer not to the Devil professedly but to God Oravimus ad Deum ejus implorabamus auxilium And in the end of his Action he concludes with a short Thanksgiving to God Omnis Spiritus laudet Deum nostrum unum trinum Amen Nay the very occasion of his falling into this Magical Delusion next to his Mathematical Studies is supposed to be his earnest Prayer to God for Wisdom such Wisdom as he was ambitious of Dr. Casaubon 2. Praises Psalms Hymns Jewish THere were 3 kinds of Musical Persons among the Jews 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that plaid upon Musical Instruments 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that sung with the Voice 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that joyned Vocal and Instrumental Musick together Alsted Encycl N. 2630. The Song of Miriam was uttered 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with alternate Melodies saith Philo Jud. de vit Mosi l. 3. The President of the Essenes standing up sung an Hymn composed in praise of God and after him did others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in their Orders in convenient manner and when they came unto the Close of the Hymns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id. de vit contempl The Hallel was sung over at the Passover from Ps 113 to Ps 118. The 92d Psalm on the Sabbath-day Psalm 9.4 every Wednesday Dr. Light Templ Serv. p. 59 139. Ancient Christian Hymns and Psalms were accounted a considerable part of Divine Worship Dr. Cave vid. Plin. l. 10. Ep. 97. They were either Extempore or set The Council of Laodicea ordered That no Psalms of private composition should be recited in the Church Can. 59. also that a Lesson should be interposed between every Psalm In this Duty all the Congregation bore a part joining together Afterward the custom was to sing Alternatim course by course answering one another Theod. Hist Eccl. l. 2. c. 24. who saith it was first brought in by Flavianus and Diodorus in the Ch. of Antioch in the Reign of Constantine but Socrates saith by Ignatius who in a vision had heard c. Socr. Eccl. H. l. 6. c. 8. Pliny saith the Christians did secum invicem canere Theodosius Junior rising early every morning with his Sisters did together interchangeably sing Psalms of Praise De Orig. They Sung Hymns and Psalms at Dinner a custom which Clem. Al. commends Paedag. l. 2. c. 4. Chrysostom greatly pleads for it to be used at ordinary works at meals after meals as an excellent Antidote against Temptations in Ps 41. Tom. 3. Cypr. Ep. 1. p. 7. S. Augustine saith we have the precept and example of our Saviour Christ and his Apostles for singing in our Assemblies Orig. Brit. Also he saith the Customs of Churches were very different about these matters In the Churches of Asric he saith they confin'd themselves to the Prophetical Hymns for which they were upbraided by the Donatists as too grave and formal but he allows singing for one of the solemn parts of Divine Service with which he joyns
reading the Lessons Preaching and Prayer either aloud by the Bishop or in common by the Deacons giving notice Ibid. Hymns of the Church Just Mart. Hymns proving the Divinity of Christ Euseb Hymns of Nepos Idem Hymns of St. Ambrose S. Hilary Prudentius generally used Te Deum attributed by Arch-Bishop Vsher to S. Nicclius Bishop of Triers A. D. 535. or of Lyons 567. Gloria Patri used anciently in the Eastern Church Basil in the Gallican Churches at the end of every Psalm Cassian at Rome mostly after the Responsoria Walafr Strab. Singing in Ambrose's time taken into use at Millain and the Western Churches upon occasion of a Persecution under Justina Valentinian's Mother Augustine commends Athanasius his plain distinct singing like reading Mahometan The Mahometans have several ways of praising God viz. by Singing Musick Dancing c. according to the different Sects which are among them but the most pleasant is that of the Dervises with Flutes Drums Dances Vocal-musick reading of the Alcoran and exposition of it Concerning which see afterwards in the Chapter of Saints See more in the Practical Part in the Chap. of Praising God Ancient Heathen Observe 1. The Matter and Contents Callimachas writing a Hymn to the praise of Apollo begins thus None so skilful an Artist as the famous Apollo He 's skill'd in Song and skill'd in Archery A Prophet He and great Physician too He Mortals taught to build Apollo loves Architecture c. Orpheus observes the same method viz. 1. Declaring the Vertues of the Gods 2. Praying that they may be brave and happy and give a blessed end to their Banquets 2. The Form They had three Stanzaes or parts 1. Strophe sung in turning from the East to the West 2. Antistrophe in returning from the West to the East 3. Epode Sung while they stood before the Altar for they used to Dance in this manner whilst they Sung the Hymns about the Altar 3. The time Alway when the Persians Sacrificed a Magus Sung a Hymn The Arabian Priests were bound to spend their time in singing Hymns and rehearsing the Acts of their Gods Rosse N. Plato l. de leg adviseth that whatsoever Hymns or Prayers the Poets composed they should first shew them to the Priests lest they should ask evil things for good Greg. Naz. saith Julian the Apostate in imitation of the Christians did appoint among the Heathens 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Form of Prayer to be said in parts Modern Heathen Among the Samodies the Priest in his Divine Service doth not Sing but Howl and that so long till he become like a Mad-man and then falls down as if he were dead but riseth again orders five Deer to be Sacrificed and then thrusts a Sword half way into his belly still singing or howling rather c. Rosse Among the Indians Old and Modern dancing to the Idols is accounted part of divine Worship Idem In Goa when they Sow Mow go to Sea and when the Women lye in and when they return from Sea they feast their Idols with Musick and other Solemnities 14 days together Idem In Narsinga their Idol is carried yearly in Procession with Virgins and Musick going before Idem In Florida they worship the Sun and Moon with dances and songs howling feasting and cutting of their Skins Diabolical Profane wanton Songs which vitiate and corrupt the minds of men Chrysostom in Ps 117. calls them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Delrius in his Magic Disquis makes mention of Multae Jubilationes Saltationes commessationes compotationes et ludi in honorem ipsius praesidentis Beelzebub l. 5. Sec. 16. Mr. Glanvil tells us 1. At going to meeting they go singing Thout tout a tout throughout and about 2. At their Feasting the Devil plays on a Cittern or Pipe 3. At parting the word is A Boy merry meet merry part 4. In their Return they cry Rentum Tormentum Doctor Dee in his Actions with Spirits used frequent Thanksgivings for instance when by the help of one of his Spirits he had found three of his Books which had been burnt the 10th of April before I fell saith he upon my Knees with great thanks-yielding to the God Almighty Act. with Spirits p. 418. 3. Sacrifices Jewish THE Oblations of the Jews according to Purchas his Relations and Theol. Discov of Asia c. were 1. Sacrifices 1. Burnt-Offerings Consumed by the perpetual fire upon the Altar being that which God miraculously sent down from Heaven to consume Aaron's Sacrifice Nadab and Abihu were stricken with a revenging fire from God for using other Vide Lev. 1. 2. Meat-Offerings Made of fine flour without Honey or Leaven and with Oil and Incense on the Altar or Frying-pan or Oven or Caldron Lev. 2. part whereof was sacred to the Lord by fire part for the Priests 3. Peace-Offerings The Fat and Kidneys whereof were to be burnt the Fat and Blood being universally forbidden them to eat the breast and right shoulder was the Priests The rest went to the Sacrificer to be caten the first or second day or the third day burnt with Fire Lev. 3 7. 4. Sin-offerings viz. for sins of Ignorance of the Priest Prince People c. vide Lev. 4 6. 5. Trespass-Offerings viz. in case of contempt when the sin was done willingly Lev. 6. To these were adjoyned Prayers and Praises with musical instruments and voices 6. Offerings of Consecration proper to the Priests vide Lev. 6.10 7. Of Purification as of a Woman after Child-birth Lev. 12. or a Leper Lev. 13 14. or for unclean issues of Men and Women c. 15. 8. Of Expiation on that Feast-day so called Lev. 16. Add to these 1. The Lights 2. Incense every morning and evening on a golden Altar whereto the Priests only had access with such perfume as is prescribed Exod. 30. 2. Gifts 1. According to the Law 1. First-Fruits of Man of Beasts of the Earth 2. Tithes to the Levites to the Priests the Temple a 3d. year's Tenth 2. By Vow 3. Of Free-will Now the Jews content themselves with reading the Precepts concerning Sacrifices comforting themselves with Hos 14.3 Ancient Christian Cyprian severely chides a rich Widow of his time who came to the Sacrament without giving any thing to the poor man's box did partake of others Offerings not giving any thing of her own de Oper. Eleemos Concerning the Oblations of the Primitive Christians we may observe 1. That Bread and Wine was ordinarily Offered every Lord's Day by all the men and Women Carranz in Sum. Dec. Fabia Pa. 2. That the Offerings of them who did not Communicate were not to be accepted Id. Sum. Eliber Conc. c. 28. 3. That none were to receive these Offerings but the Bishop or his Substitute upon pain of being Anathematized Conc. Gangr c. 8. 4. That the Oblations were to be distributed by the Bishop according to the Necessity of the Faithful Carrauz Sum. Decr. Vrban Pap. 12. qu. Res Eccl. 5. That of the Oblations of the
seals the Child i. e. crosseth him on the Forehead Mouth Breast recites a Prayer and waves him in his Arms in form of a Cross elevates him and dismisseth him 3. He blows three times on the Child to dispossess the Devil 4. Pours Water in form of a Cross in token of peace with God 5. Takes the Child out of the Gossip's Arms of which they never have but one and makes the sign of the Cross with Oyl on the Fore-head Breast Reins saying 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 6. He next dips it 3 times in water and looking toward the East saith The servant of God is Baptized in the Name of the Father Amen Of the Son Amen c. N. Their Gossips or Compatri commence a great Friendship and fancy that they cannot mix consanguinity 2. Chrism Tho joyned with Baptism is different from it grounded on 2 Cor. 1.21 22. On Good Friay the Arch-bishop or Bishop consecrates the Oyl It is made of Xylobalsamum Echinanthes Myrrh Xylocatia Carpobalsamum Laudanum and other Gums and Spices F. Simon They defer Baptism till the 3d 4th 6th 10th 14th year 3. Eucharist 1. For preparation they distribute Panem Benedictum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the parts of Bread which remain of the Consecrated Loaf These they carry home to such as cannot come These they say have power to remit Venial Sins 2. In the Chancel on a Table is a Loaf set in this form 3. This the Priest Signs three times using these words In the remembrance of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ 4. He strikes a small Lance several times into the Loaf saying by parcels As a Lamb before his Shearers c. 5. Cuts a piece for himself lays it by the Patina thrusts his Lance into the Bread again with other words cuts a second part forms it like ▵ saying In honour and memory of our blessed Lady Mother of God and perpetual Virgin Mary through whose Prayers O Lord accept this Sacrifice to thine Altar 6. Then cuts out more pieces in memory of John Baptist Moses Aaron Peter Paul Basil Gregory Cosma Damianus c. And Lastly a ninth in honor of S. Chrysostom whose Liturgy is read that day The 9 parcels in reference to the 9 Hierarchies of Angels 7. Then follows the Offertory for the Living every Christian Prelate and the particular Bishop that Ordained the Priest especially those who paid for that Mass the Founders of the Church the Parents and Friends of those which paid for the Mass 8. The Priest lifts up a Silver Star over the Bread saying some short Prayers goes from the place of the Offertory reads the Epistle and Gospel for the day returns covers the Bread and Wine sets it on his Head carries it in Procession through all the Church the People bowing making Crosses throwing infirm persons in the way 9. The Apostles Creed is recited the Veil taken off Air moved over the Bread with a Fan signifying the breath of the Spirit c. 10. The words of Consecration are used In the same night c. 11. Then this Prayer Lord who in the third hour didst send thy Holy Spirit graciously take it not away from us but grant it to us Lord make clean our Hearts within us with some short Soliloques which Prayer is repeated three times with the head bowed down 12. Then the Priest raising himself saith Lord hear my Prayer and lifting up his hand by way of Blessing adds Make this Bread the Holy Body of Christ Amen 13. Here the Consecration being finished he goes on Thou art my God thou art my King I adore thee piously and Faithfully 14. Then covering the Chalice he elevates it and the People worship it 15. The Priest sups three times 16. Those who intend to Communicate first go to the bottom of the Church there to ask forgiveness of the Congregation in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Answer is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 17. It is their custom to conserve the Sacrament for the use of the Sick Haec ex D. Addison They gave the Sacrament to the Children at Baptism Believers not to be forced to the Sacrament They carry the Sacrament to the Sick without Torches Keep it in a Box and hang it on a Wall They hold tha the Sacrament Consecrated on Holy Thursdays is most Efficacious F. Simon They use Unleavened Bread Administer in both kinds Christ à Jelinger Greeks out of Dr. Addison 4. Priesthood Is accounted a Mystery for its Power and Energy 1 Cor. 4.1 Of this there are these Orders 1. Anagnostes who reads the Hymns which are Sung and the Prophets of the Old Testament 2. The Psaltes who sings the Psalms of David 3. Lampadarios who trims the Lamps 4. Deacons and Subdeacons who read the Epistles and Gospels 5. Secular Priests who can all read and write yet few skill'd in the School-Greek or Latin or Hebrew or Philosophy all books being counted Unlawful but such as treat of Divinity and a Godly Life They are called Papa's They cannot Marry a second time who when Widowers wear Caps turn'd up with white with a fall hanging down on their backs but this is often forfeited and cut off by the Bishop for some sin 6. Religious Priests Kaloirs from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Monks Encloistered professing Chastity and obedience of the Orders of S. Basil besides which they have no other Their Habit A long Cassock of Course Cloth of Camels Colour with a Cap of Felt or Wool made to cover the Ears with a black Coul called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They abstain from Flesh all their Life Some more strict called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 take nothing else but Bread and Water but these are commonly Anchorites several dwell on Mount Athos Their Hair long Their Services are very ridiculous and prolix Every day in Lent they read over the Psaltar once and at the end of every 4 Psalms say Gloria Patri c. with 3 Metagnai or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bowing or kissing the ground 3 times At the end of every 10 Psalms 40 Metagnai which every Kaloir doth 300 times every 24 Hours unless sick and then his Priest must do it for him The one half of these are performed the two first hours of the Night the other half at midnight before they arise to Mattins which begin 4 hours before Day Out of some Monasteries they send 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Messengers to collect Contributions who stay out five years begging the Charity of good People some of which being Temperate live long I knew one 119 years old his Father liv'd but to 80 his Grandfather to 158. Several Monasteries on Mount Athos where the Kaloirs 6000 in number work in such Employments as they are best skill'd in Every Monastery hath its Library but disorderly ones few books but of Divinity few choice ones of them Nor one Book they say varying from the Doctrine of the 7th Council
nor any writ by such as they call Hereticks Bells in all Monasteries The Kaloirs here commonly of good simple godly Lives Greeks out of F. Simon 1. The Church-men accused of Simony 2. They observe not the age required for Episcopacy and Priesthood 3. They take several Orders at one time 4. He is commonly chosen Patriarch that gives most to the Grand Seignior Besides the Patriarch buys the Voices of the Bishops that Elect him The Patriarch makes himself amends when he makes Bishops and they again when they make a Papas selling Orders and Cures and they again the poor people 5. Monks abstain strictly from Flesh tho engaged by no Vow but Custom They sleep not above 4 hours some but two They go to prayers in the Church thrice a day 1. Some Monks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who eat in the same Refectory use the same Exercise have nothing singular in their Habit yet some are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who profess a more perfect way of living many in number Others are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who lead not so perfect a Life 2. Some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who live as themselves please 1. They buy a Cell and necessaries for a Monastery 2. The Yeoman of the Cell provides Bread and Wine 3. They betake to business are bound to no duty 4. At Death they leave all to their companion 3. Some Anchorites who cannot work nor discharge the duties of the Monastery yet have a mind to live in Solitude and these 1. Buy a Cell with a piece of Land c. 2. Go to the Monastery only on Holy-days having no hours appointed them for Prayer 3. Some with leave of the Abbot leave the Monastery and retire for Meditation and Prayer the Monastery sending them once a Month provisions to live upon 4. Some hire a Vine-yard near the Cell and feed on the Grapes Some on Cherries on Beans some Transcribe Books 6. Nuns They 1. Are of S. Basil's Order under an Abbess 2. As strict as the Monks in Fasting Praying c. 3. Their Confessor some old Vertuous Neighbour Monk who says Mass c. 4. Their Habit a Cloak of plain Woollen-Cloth Arms and Hands covered to the Fingers ends 5. Their Head shaven a several Cell and Lodging for each 6. The Rich have a Maid or young Girl which they bring up in Devotion 7. They work with their Needles make Girdles which they sell to the Turks N. B. Some say these at C. P. are Widows aged under no Vow all their customs consisting in wearing a black Veil on their Head declaring that they will Marry no more living commonly at home minding their Huswifery Children c. having more Liberty than before 5. Confession Confession is enjoyn'd 4 times a year to persons of leisure Once a month to the Priests and Religious Once a year to labouring people viz. before their Great Lent To sick people as an ease for spiritual Diseases Repentance is defin'd a sorrow of heart for sin of which a man accuseth himself before a Priest with a firm Resolution to correct the Errors of his past Life by that which is to come and with intention to perform what shall be enjoyn'd him by his Pastor for his Penance Their Argument for Confession The Priest cannot release unless he know what to release Their Penances are Prayers extraordinary Alms Fastings Visiting Holy Places c. The Priest exhorts thus Behold the Angel of the Lord is at hand to take thy Confession see that thou conceal no sin for fear of shame for I also am a man and sinner as thou art To Penitents guilty of mortal sin is administred the Sacrament of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Oyl of Prayer done by the Bp. and 7 Priests by pure Oil and Prayer viz. The Priest dips some Cotton on the End of a stick anoints the Penitents in form of a Cross on the Forehead Chin each Cheek Back and Palms of the Hands and then recites a Prayer The same with the Papists Eztream Vnction 6. Marriage is forbidden after the burial of the Third Husband or Wife because say they it comes under the Notion of Polygamy Divorces are easily granted and the man allowed to take another Wife and perhaps afterward recalled and the man enjoyned to re-assume his former Wife About C.P. and Smyrna and great Cities in imitation of the Turks in Retirement and suffer them not to be seen by the Bridegroom till unveil'd after they are married The Islander Greeks of the Archipelago dancing promiscuously men and women together often make Protestations of Marriages together and then break them which if they do the Old Mothers by Witchcraft 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tie the man from marrying with any other till an agreement be made In Romania or Ramali the Turks have frequently married with Greek women Christians till 1672 when the Patriarch of C. P. complain'd to the Mufti and put a stop to it The Priest marries them with a Ring they have also a Godfather and Godmother who present themselves before the Papa's and hold a Garland of flowers interlaced with Orpine over the heads of the couple pray turn round drink together c. break the glass saying so may the Bridegroom break the Virginity of the Bride M. de Thevenot Muscovites 1. Eight Days after the Child is born he is brought to the Church-Porch where the Priest receives the Child 2. Tells the Witnesses their Duties namely To teach him how to know God and Christ c. 3. After some Prayer plungeth the Child three times over head and ears in a tub of warm Water holding it necessary that every part of the Child be dipped using these Words In the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost N. They hold all to be damned that die without Baptism They Re-baptize Apostates The Duke of Holstein's Ambassador faith 1. The Child is cross'd on the Fore-head 2. Blessed thus The Lord preserve thy coming in and going out 3. Nine Wax-Candles are lighted cross the Font which is in the middle of the Church 4. The God-fathers are Incensed and the Water Consecrated 5. A Procession is made about the Font three times 6. The Child is Named the God-fathers interrogated the Devil exorcised and the Child baptized See more in the Second Book Georgians 1. A Priest reads many Prayers over the Child going on to the end without Baptizing the Child 2. After reading the Child is stript and the God-father Baptizeth the Child without saying any other Words than what was said by the Priest 3. With Baptism they also administer to Children Consumation And the Eucharist 4. The Priest alone is accounted the true Minister of Baptism without him 't is null If the Child dieth before Baptism the Mother's Baptism is sufficient to save the Child 5. They are not very pressing to receive Baptism 6. They Re-baptize such as return after Apostasie F. Simon M. Tavernier saith Virgins brought up in Nunneries to study after some time
Profess Baptize and apply the Holy Oils as well as any Bishop or Arch-Bishop l. 3. c. 9. p. 124. Mengrelians They are so Ignorant that they know not so much as the Words necessary to Baptism They administer Baptism in the same manner as the Georgians Sometimes to render the Baptism more solemn they baptize with Wine A M. S. Relation attributed to Father Zampi a Theatin tells us the manner is thus 1. When a Child is first born the Priest only anoints it with Oil and signs it on the Fore-head with a Cross and no more is done for two Years 2. Then they dip it in hot Water and anoint it all over and give it Bread that hath been blessed to eat and Wine to drink This seems to be the old way of administring Baptism Confirmation and Eucharist together F. Simon Two or three days after the Woman is brought to Bed the Priest comes mumbles over a few Prayers and anoints the Mother and the Infant which they believe to be the best Baptism in the World Tavernier l. 3. c. 10. Indians of St. Thomas They own but three Sacraments viz. Baptism Orders and Eucharist In one Church were different Forms of Baptism A great many especially the Poor and in Words are never Baptized vs wanting Money yet these go to Church and receive the Sacrament After Baptism they anoint with an Unguent made of Indian-Nuts without Benediction F. Simon They Baptize commonly at the Fortieth Day if the Parent desire it not sooner They sign the Fore-head with the sign of the Cross and then wash all over with Water Sir Tho. Herbert Christians of St. John They Baptize only in Rivers and upon Sundays their way thus 1. They carry the Infant to Church 2. The Bishop reads Prayers over the Child 3. They carry it to the River with a Train of Men and Women go up to the Knees in Water the Bishop prays sprinkles the Infant three times in the Name of the Lord first and last of the World c. Tavern Maronites At Baptism they bless the Water by saying a great many Prayers warm it and then dip or sprinkle three times Also they anoint the Head Breast and whole Body from Head to Foot before Baptism Also afterward they have another Unction for Confirmation F. Simon Armenians I found in one of their Churches only the Priest and his Cloak an aged Woman who had brought the Child and a young Man aged about 18 who presented the Child to be Baptized 1. The Priest prayed 2. Askt the God-father several Questions 3. All went into the Sacresty where the Font was like a Trough half an Ell long and a quarter broad 4. The Priest consecrates the Water and puts holy Oil into it and plunges the Child naked into it In the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost 5. Pours Water three times on his head and afterwards all over his Body 6. He crossed the Child on the Fore-head with Holy Oil. 7. The time of Baptism is at 8 days old D. of H. Ambass Cophties They acknowledge Seven Sacraments 1. Baptism thus Administred about the 40th Day 1. A Mass is celebrated after Mid-night with many Prayers 2. They Sing for some time the Deacon carrying the Children to the Altar to anoint them with Holy Oil then they say The Children are new Spiritual Men. 3. Then they begin to Sing and the Children are anointed a second time with the sign of the Cross thirty seven times which serves for Exorcisin 4. They continue to Sing the Women making a loud noise in token of Joy 5. The Priest draws nigh the Font blesseth the Water pours Oil into it in the form of a Cross 6. With one hand he takes the Child by the right Arm and left Leg and with the other hand by the left Arm making a kind of a Cross with the Limbs of the Child which they cloath in a little white Garment All this while the Priest's reading and singing and the Women crying or howling 7. The Priest breaths three times in the Child's Face that he may receive the Holy Ghost 8. He gives it the Communion by dipping his Finger in the Chalice and putting it in the Child's mouth 9. They light Tapers and make a Procession and sing in the Church 10. The Deacons carrying the Children in their Arms the Priests going before and the Women following with cries and howling N. They use Circumcision also They baptize themselves every Year in Lakes and Rivers F. Simon Abassines They use Circumcision as well as Baptism but not with any signal Ceremony or Commemoration for it is done privately by some poor Woman without any by-standers not so much as the Father himself and this not upon the score of Religion but as a custom of the Country like Incisions of the Face in Ethiopia and Nubia and boaring the Ears among the Indians Ludolph out of Claudius K. of Ethiop Confession They repeat the Ceremony of Baptism every Year upon the Feast of the Epiphany Idem ex Godigno Their Ceremonies and Order of Baptizing are thus out of Ludolph 1. Of Adult Persons For they have frequent occasions of Baptizing Heathens 1. They read Psalm 52. 2. Perfume the Person with Frankincense and enquire his Name 3. Use certain Prayers the Deacon often exhorting the People to joyn with the Priest 4. Anoints several parts of the Body with Oil and lays his hand on his head 5. The Neophytes lifting up their right hand and looking towards the West abjure Satan as the Prince of Darkness and then lifting up their hand to the East make a kind of Vow to Christ 6. To the Priest reciting over the Creed they answer I do believe 7. They are again anointed and several parcels of Scripture read 8. Oil being poured into the Bason in the form of a Cross after some Prayers rehearsed the Neophytes conducted by the Deacon to a Pool before the Church-door are by the Priest plung'd over head and ears saying I Baptize thee in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost 9. Men help the Men and Women Women out of the Pool called thence Susceptores 10. Being anointed again they are clad with a white Under-garment and a red Over-garment to signifie the Blood of Christ and presented with Milk and Honey and call'd Sons of Baptism 2. Of Infants who are Baptiz'd Males before the Fortieth Females before the Eightieth Day God-fathers and God-mothers answering for them and the Child's Tongue moistned with the Priest's Finger dipt in the Chalice Russians Muscovites 1. They Communicate but once a Year commonly on a Fasting-Day If on a Sunday they eat no Flesh after it 2. They admit but Three at a time 3. The Priest asks the Communicants If they be clean from Sin 4. The Communicants stand whilest the Priest prays with their Arms folded one within another and the Priest delivers to them a Spoonful of Bread and Wine temper'd together saying Eat this Drink this This is the true Body
and true Blood c. 5. Then he delivers Bread by it self and Wine mingled with Water to represent the Water and Blood that issued out of our Saviour's side 6. They admit Children of 7 Years to this Sacrament F. Simon 7. The Bread is leaven'd with a Cross on it Abyssins They receive some Weekly some Monthly but always at Church Fasting and towards the Evening on Fasting-Days They never spit that Day on which they receive In crowded Churches Priest and Sub-Priest Deacon and Sub-Deacon all help and read Several Prayers at the use of several Vessels and variety of Actions Some bring Offerings Bread Oil c. to be distributed to the Poor They administer in both Kinds to both Clergy and Laity and have been very angry with the Latines for denying the Cup to the Laity Lud. They admit not the Doctrine of Transubstantiation or real presence but when the words of their Liturgy are objected e. g. Lord now lay thy hand upon this Dish bless it and Sanctifie it that so thy Body may be made Holy therein And again Convert this Bread that it may become thy pure Body which is join'd with this Cup of thy most precious Blood c. They answer Retzitze nagare vet i. e. 'T is a nice business Or Mastar vet i. e. 't is a Mystery In short one Gregory a Native of Abyssinia told my Author Ludolphus That his Countrey men were not so scrupulous Ludolph Georgians 1. They Consecrate in wooden Chalices 2. They give the Communion to Children when dying 3. Others at Age receive but seldom 4. They carry the Sacrament to the Sick without Light or Attendance 5. On some Holy-days the Priests together assist at the Mass of the Bishop who gives them the Sacrament in their hands and they themselves carry it to their Mouths Christians of St. John 1. They use Flour kneaded with Wine and Oil. 2. They use no other form of Consecration then only some long Prayers to praise and thank God at the same time blessing the Bread and VVine never making mention of his Body and Blood 3. The Priest takes the Bread and having eaten some of it distributes the rest to the People M. Tavern v. post Mengrelians The Papa's of Mengrelia keep the Eucharist in a little bag of Leather or Cloth which they tie to their Girdle and carry it about them whithersoever they go to be made use of upon occasions when they are to give the Viaticum to the Sick Yea they give it to others Men or VVomen to carry c. Armenians 1. They use leaven'd Bread 2. They mingle no Water with their Wine 3. Consecrate in wooden and earthen Dishes 4. Give the Communion to Children and at Weddings to the Married couple 3. They never Communicate without singing and playing on great Cymbals called Hambarzon D. of Holst Emb. But now saith Tavernier they spare no cost to adorn the Choir and Altar you tread upon rich Carpets c. From the Body of the Church to the Choir is usually an Ascent of 5 or 6 Steps Nestorians They consecrate in leaven'd bread They put into their bread salt and oyl using a great many prayers Indians 1. They Communicate on Holy Thursday and other Festivals 2. They use no other preparation then coming to the Sacrament fasting Others say 3. They consecrate with little Cakes made with oyl and Salt which the Deacons and other inferior Church-men baked in a Copper vessel singing several Psalms and Hymns whilst they were a baking And when they are ready to Consecrate through a hole in the floor of that little Tower wherein they baked they let the Cake in a little basket made of leaves slide down upon the Altar 4. Their wine is only water with dry grapes infused 5. He that serves at Mass wears a Stole over his ordinary cloaths tho no Deacon 6. The same hath always a Censer in his hand and saith almost as many prayers as he that Celebrates Cophties 1. They never Communicate in private places 2. The Priest at Communion breaks the bread in form of a Cross and puts it into the wine eating 3 morsels and drinking 3 spoonfuls 3. They consecrate in leaven'd bread which they call Baraca i. e. benediction before consecration and Corban or Communion afterwards 4. They use little loaves as big as a Crown piece whereof they bake many the night before the Liturgy and at the end of Mass distribute them to those who have been present 5. They use not Tavern-wine as prophane but private or water with raisins infused 6. They never confess or Communicate but in Lent 7. They Communicate in both kinds 8. They give wine in a spoon 9. They give the Communion to children after baptsim 10. Vanslebio reports that at the Elevation of the Host they knock their breasts cast themselves on the ground make the sign of the cross and move their cap a little F. Sim. Maronites 1. They consecrate with unleaven'd bread tho probably this but of late since their submission to Rome Abyssins 1. The Abuna Papas or Metropolitan Consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria and sent out of Egypt They take Ordination many times with Tears in their Eyes by reason of the Turkish Vexations Their only Qualification is only to be able to read Arabic The Fathers of the Society tell us of a sad tool in their time a Miller Of these there are Four of equal Power and Dignity No Bishops nor Arch-bishops 2. Icegue the Governor of the Monks 3. Comos Overseers of the principal Churches 4. Depterat or Canons who look to their Musick 5. Nebrat or Dean 6. Kasis or Priest 7. Sub-priest 8. Deacon 9. Subdeacon All carry a Cross in their hands Georgians They Confess twice in their Life 1. At Marriage 2. Death Their Confession is in three or four words Muscovites Before the Sacrament they Confess in the midst of the Church before an Image all their Particular Sins at every sin expressing remorse and promising Amendment Absolution is granted with the Assignation of certain Penances as saying Gospodi Pomilui several times making several reverences before the Saints abstaining from Women for a time standing at the Church-door using of Holy Water which the Priests Consecrate on Twelfth-day and not to be had of them for nothing this water they think hath the vertue to cleanse them from all their sins D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. Ahassins Account confession one of their seven sacraments But they neither confess the number nor the particular species of their sins but cry in general I have sinned I have sinned absan absan Insomuch that when the Roman Priests press'd them to particular confession they never acknowledged any more then three if they had been guilty Homicide Adultery and Theft The offender is absolved in few words together with some gentle stripes upon the side with an Olive Twig but for those great crimes before mention'd they are many times severely scourged Ludolph The Metropolitan sometimes hears
by that Court c. See more in Dr. Burnet 's Letters and the Supplement to them Ambrosian and Roman Office As for the Devotions of this place Milan I saw here the Ambrosian Office which is distinguished from the Roman both in the Musick which is much simpler and in some other Rites The Gospel is read in a high Pulpit at the lower end of the Quire that so it may be heard by all the People though this is needless since it is read in a Language that they do not understand When they go to say High Mass the Priest comes from the high Altar to the lower end of the Quire where the Offertory of Bread and Wine is made by some of the Laity Dr. Burnet 's Letters Hither may be referred the difference of their Divine Service in England formerly Secundum usum Sarum Bangor c. Protestants 1. Lutherans 1. Their Doctrines IN most Points they agree with the Calvinists as may be seen in their Confessions except that they hold that Christ is consubstantially in the Sacrament and some of them agree not with the Calvinists in the Point of Absolute Predestination nor in the Abolition of Saints days c. 2. Discipline and Worship 1. They retain Bishops but shorten their Revenues in Germany Denmark Swedeland but not in England 2. They use Forms of Prayer Kneeling at the Sacrament generally keep some Holy-days of Saints in many places use Instrumental Musick particularly 1. In Swedeland 1. Their number of Parish-Churches are 42000 all covered with Copper 2. In all of them there are Organs in some two or three pair and Bells in all their Churches 3. There are in that Kingdom 64 Provinces 12 or 14 Bishops one Arch-bishop residing at Vpsal 4. The Bishop with all the Priests of his Provinces hears Causes and Excommunicates 5. Their Elders are for Life and their Office to take care of the Church-repairs and the Poor 6. Two or three Chaplains belong to every Church at least 7. Three times a day they go to Church except on Fasting-days for then four Ministers preach successively and the People go not out from Morning till Night their Order of Service thus 1. The Morning for Servants when there is 1. A Psalm sung 2. A Prayer in Form and a Psalm again 3. The Chapter wherein the Text lies read 4. A Psalm sung again viz. some Epistle of Luther's translated into Hymn 5. The Sermon of an hour long 6. A Psalm again 2. The middle Service for Masters of Families c. in which there is the same order as before except that the Text is taken out of the Gospel and the Gospel read before the Altar For they have an Offering every Lord's day and a Sacrament after the second Sermon the People coming to Church on Saturday to be prepared for the Sacrament and receiving a Ticket for which they pay a Fee 3. Their last Service is from one till five a clock All their Weddlings are in Church Mr. Derick Reynes a Native 2. In Livonia an Inland adjoyning to the Baltick Sea now under the King of Swedeland 1. It s Government is by an Arch-bishop residing at Riga and Bishops or Superintendants at Reuel c. 2. Their Doctrine is according to the Auspurg Confession 3. Their Knowledge and Devotion very little and mixt with much Superstition and Sorcery for there is hardly a Village but hath a Church and Minister and yet the People so poorly instructed that it may be said Baptism excepted they have not any Character of Christianity they very seldom go to Sermons and never almost communicate unless forced and driven to it by other occasions D. of Holstein 's Ambass Travels into Muscovy c. 3. In Germany 1. Their Government is by Bishops and Superintendants c. 2. Their Doctrine differs a litlte but not in the substantial part of it as may be seen in the Harmony of Confessions 3. They have a Sermon every day saith Dr. Brown at Hamburgh as in other Lutheran Cities In his Travels p. 176. 4. They retain Pictures in their Churches The Lutherans at Frank ford have built a new Church called S. Catherines in which there is as much Painting as ever I saw in any Popish Church and over the High Altar is a huge carved Crucifix as there are Painted ones in other places of their Church Dr. Burnet's Letters 5. At Strasburg they bow when they name the Holy Ghost as well as the Name of Jesus Idem 6. I was in their Church saith the Reverend Author where if the Musick of their Psalms pleased me much the Irreverence in singing it being free to keep on or put off the hat did appear very strange to me Idem ibid. 7. They have not as Strasburg the same Ceremonies that the Lutherans of Saxony have which Mr. Bebel their Professor of Divinity said was a great Happiness for a similitude in outward rites might dispose the ignorant People to change too easily ibid. 8. The Lutherans for the greatest part retain their Animosities almost to an equal degree both against Papists and Calvinists ibid. 9. The Lutheran Churches are handsome and their Pulpits exeraordinary Noble and richly set off as I observed through all Saxony Noremberg and where they are Masters of the places c. Dr. Brown's Travels In the Palatinate the Order of their Service is thus as I received it from the hand of one Herman Graffâ—ing of Keysart Lautern a Native of the Palatinate On Sundays Morning-Service 1. On a Sledge in the Porch is notified what Psalms are to be sung 2. When they are come into Church the Clerk begins to sing the people all joyning with him presently every one having his book and the Scholars generally being taught at School to sing by Notes the melody is pleasant 3. The Minister prays in the book one prayer concluding always with the Lord's Prayer 4. Then follows a short Hymn to this sense O God that art our Father through Jesus Christ give us thy Spirit in general that may lead us into the Truth hear us in this hour Open the mouth of thy Servant that the word may be pure and freely explained O Lord graciously open our hearts and ears that we may hear it with all diligence and keep it truly so that we may plentifully declare thy praise 5. After this Hymn is sung the Minister prays in short Extempore with respect to his Sermon 6. Next he preacheth and after he hath divided his Text and disposed his Sermon into parts which he doth without book the Minister being bare or using only a Cap upon his head but the people covered He makes a short Prayer and exhorts them to attention and charitableness to the poor c. the people all standing up and putting off their Hats Whereupon the people sit down again and he proceeds on with his Sermon and the Church-warden goes about from Pew to Pew with a long Staff and a Purse and Bell at the end of it to gather
Catholick Church c. 2. A silent Prayer as in the Morning 3. A Sermon 4. A Form consisting of a Collect the Lord's Prayer and another longer Form with Pray constantly c. and depart in peace as before Besides these Services which are all for Sundays they have also Forms of Prayer for every Day of the Week Morning and Evening and Sermons every Day On Saturdays in the Evening as well as Sundays at Noon they examine the Catechism and have a peculiar Form of Prayer for that purpose so likewise for the Fasts and Festivals appointed as the Day after our Saviour's Nativity New-year-day Easter-Monday Ascension-day Pentecost the Day of Church-Dedication and extraordinary occasions as War Victory Plague Murrain c. Their Baptism is thus 1. The Minister begins with saying In the name of God Amen If ye the God-fathers and God-mothers desire that this Child be baptized in the Baptism of our Lord Jesus Christ say Yea. 2. Then after an Exhortation he proceeds to pray for a Blessing upon the Child in a pretty long Form 3. He reads the Gospel Mark 10. concluding thus Praise be unto God he forgives us all our sins through his Son Amen 4. After a short Speech to the Sureties he rehearseth the Creed and calls upon the Sureties to pray for such a Faith for that Child saying Our Father which art in Heaven c. 5. He asks the Sureties If they will according to their utmost power and as necessity may require be instrumental to and assist in the Education of the Child c. The Sureties answering Yea. 6. The Sureties name the Child the God-mother holding the Child over the Font whilest the Minister pours three handfuls of Water upon his Fore-head saying N. N. I baptize thee in the Name of God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Amen 7. The Minister blesses the Child in these words God grant unto thee that as thou art now besprinkled with clean Water thou mayest likewise appear before God in the last day with a pure and undefiled Conscience and so to be eternally saved N. B. Baptism is never administred privately but at time of Publick-Service the first opportunity after the Birth The God-father in the Church presents a piece of Gold or Silver to the Nurse and if a Female-Child to the God-mother also if a Male the God-mother to the God-father Every year they send New-years-gifts to their God-children which some continue to do 'till they are of Age for the Lord's Supper and some 'till Marriage On their Birth-day yearly they use to feast their God-children and give them grave advice None are to be Christen'd without Sureties Their Administration of the Lord's Supper thus 1. The Minister useth a grave Exhortation concerning the intention of the Sacrament 2. The People confess their Sins and pray for pardon as after the Sermon 3. The Antistes behind the Table with an Arch-Deacon on either hand if there be so many saith with a loud Voice In the name of God the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost Arch-Deacon answering Amen Antistes Let us pray O Almighty c. Arch-Deacon That which is now read is contained in 1 Cor. 11.20 21 c. Antistes Praise be unto God Arch-Deacon on the right hand And Peace on Earth Antistes Good-will towards Men. First Arch-Deacon We praise thee we magnifie thee Second Arch-Deacon We worship thee we honour thee Antistes We render thanks for thy great honour and benefits O Lord God Heavenly King Father Almighty First Arch-Deacon O Lord thou only begotten Son Jesus Christ and thou O Holy Ghost Second Arch-Deacon O Lord God Lamb of God Son of the Father thou that takest away the Sins of the World c. and so on with an alternate voice to the end of that Hymn 4. The First Arch-Deacon reads part of the sixth Chapter of S. John's Gospel Thus speaketh the Lord Jesus Verily verily I say unto you He that believes in me hath everlasting life I am the bread of life c. Concluding with Praises and thanks be unto God He forgives us all our sins according to his holy word Amen which is said by the Antistes 5. The Antistes and the Arch-Deacons alternately rehearse the Creed as they did the Hymn before 6. Then follows an Exhortation to the Examining themselves ending thus Wherefore kneel down and pray 7. Then the Ministers kneeling about the Lord's Table and the People either standing or kneeling say the Lord's Prayer 8. The First Arch-Deacon saith Lift up your hearts unto God and say with Devotion O Lord Almighty God c. 9. The Antistes afterwards saith Hear now with Devotion and Faith how Christ Jesus did celebrate his holy Supper c. Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took Bread c. Here the Antistes takes the Bread breaks it eats a Morsel and gives the rest to the first Arch-Deacon who reaches the same to the other Ministers about the Table Afterwards when he comes to those Words He took also the Cup he takes a Cup and having drank of it gives to the first Arch-Deacon as he did the Bread and he to the Ministers and they to the People a Reader from the Pulpit in the interim reading the Lord's Speech concerning the Supper beginning at S. John 13.1 10. Then the Antistes and Arch-Deacons alternately say Antistes Rise up and let us render Praise and Thanks unto the Lord. First Arch-Deacon I will praise thee O my God c. This Hymn consists of 14 or 15 Responses 11. They read alternately the 113 Psalm which was wont to be read at the Passeover 12. Lastly follows an Exhortation with a Consolation and Benediction and a short Collect concluding thus For God's sake remember the Poor always in your Alms pray constantly one for another And after the Christian Hymn be ended which concludes the Solemnity Depart in peace and the Grace of God be with you Note 1. Their Bread is unleavened made in a broad square Cake thin almost as Paper white as Snow by the chief Sexton only of their great Minster Church 2. They use wooden Cups in Imitation of the Primitive Simplicity 3. They receive in their Seats the common People sitting or standing Their Discipline 1. The Ministers are obliged to call such as they know to have committed Notorious Crimes or to be inflamed with Hatred and Passion some Weeks before the Administration of the Sacrament into their Closets or before the Church-wardens according to their Discretion to admonish and warn them and declare to them that if they do not repent c. the Sacrament will prove to them not an Earnest of God's Favour but of his Just Wrath and their Damnation c. 2. Those that will not be reconciled to their Enemies shall not be admitted to the Sacrament 3. Yet Excommunication is never formally practised in the Church of Zurick but instead thereof the Ministers are commanded by the Higher Power and by the Synod to
and dismiss the People with the Blessing Numb 6.24 The Afternoon Service is the same except that instead of Reading the Commandments they Sing them 6. They receive the Lord's Supper standing during the Administration Chapters are Read and Psalms Sung till the Holy Ceremony is over and then instead of the 117th Psalm they sing the Song of Simeon kneeling 7. Baptism is administred in the Church and the People strictly forbid to depart till the Solemnity is over The Father promises to take care of his Child but the same is required of a Godfather and Godmother 8. No Marriage is solemnized without an antecedent Publication of the Banns 9. They say Prayers in their Families which they conclude with the Lord's Prayer Creed and Blessing morning and Evening 10. They bless their Meat in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost 11. They Excommunicate all scandalous and notorious Offenders and admit them not to the Sacrament till after a publick Confession Mr. Janmard Vic. of Arundel in Sussex 3. In England I need not to say what their Doctrine Discipline or way of Divine Worship is the Assemblies Catechism giving a sufficient Account of their Doctrine and the Directory of their Discipline and Worship And besides this Book being in the English Tongue primarily and chiefly for the use of English-men it will not be hard for any English-man to inform himself by a personal acquaintance and conversation with them 4. In Scotland 1. Their Doctrine is mostly agreeable to that of the English except that they hold the King inferiour to the Church and consequently may be Excommunicated which I think for I would slander no party is peculiar to them and Fathered upon their Politicks 2. Their Worship thus 1. A Psalm two or three Verses 2. A Prayer 3. A Text and Sermon 4. A short Prayer 5. A Psalm with Glory to the Father Son c. 5. In New-England 1. For morning 1. A Prayer 2. The Sermon 3. A Psalm 4. A conclusion with Prayers for the sick c. 2. Evening 1. A Psalm 2. A short Prayer 3. The Sermon 4. A Prayer pretty long 5. A Psalm again 6. A conclusion by way of Prayer and Benediction c. They have Sacraments every Month once APPENDIX COncerning Differences in the Church of Geneva Dr. Burnet tells us The middle way that Amirald Daille and some others in France took in the matters that were disputed in Holland concerning the Divine Decrees and the extent of the Death of Christ as it came to be generally followed in France so it had some Asserters both in Geneva and Switzerland who denied the imputation of Adam's sin and asserted the Universality of Christ's Death together with a sufficient Grace given to all Men asserting with this a particular and free Decree of Election with an Efficacious Grace for those included in it These came to be called Vniversalists and began to grow very considerable in Geneva Two of the Professors of Divinity there being known to favour those Opinions whereupon those who adhered strictly to the opposite Doctrine were inflamed and the Contention grew to that height that almost the whole Town came to be concerned and all were divided into Parties But tho the Party of Universalists was considerable in Geneva it was very small in Switzerland therefore some Divines there that adhered to the old received Doctrine drew up some Articles in which all these Doctrines were not only condemned together with some speculations that were asserted concerning Adam's immortality and other qualities belonging to the state of innocency But because Capel and some other Criticks had not only asserted the Novelty of the Points but had taken the liberty to correct the reading of the Hebrew c. They condemned all Corrections of the Hebrew Bible and asserted the Antiquity of the Points or at least of the Power and reading according to them obliging all such as should be admitted tot he Ministery to sign sic sentio so I think Thus at Bern Zurich and Geneva Dr. Burnet's Letters Independents The Tenets of the Independents are as follow 1. They hold That particular Churches associated for personal Communion are of Divine Institution 2. That particular Churches ought to have a proper Exercise of Discipline amongst themselves 3. That none but free Consenters should receive the Sacrament nor be related to the Pastor as his Flock 4. That the rest should live as Catechumens in peace 5. That the Church of England is no True Church 6. That Parish-Churches are no True Churches 7. That Parish-Ministers are no True Ministers if Ordained by Diocesans and not chosen by the People 8. That Ministers and People must gather Churches that are purer and set up purer Discipline whatever Rulers say or do or themselves suffer by it 9. That no prohibition of the Magistrate will warrant a Minister to forbear his Office Mr. Rich. Baxter Mr. Rosse and others give a larger account of their Opinions but these being all that they have of late Years contended for and being of late at least in part reconciled to the Presbyterians I forbear to ascribe any more to them Anabaptists Their Doctrines are as follows 1. They condemn Infant-Baptism 2. They condemn Tithes and forced Maintenance of Ministers 3. They allow not as lawful Swearing before a Magistrate 4. They condemn Magistracy it self as unlawful among Christians 5. They say That humane Learning is unnecessary in a Minister These are commonly professed by them to this that They who would know more may read Mr. Rosse Paget c. I forbear at present to tax them with the Doctrine of Community of Goods and some other Doctrines which as the case now stands with them are laid asleep and not asserted or owned by them Quakers 1. Their Tenets 1. They deny the Scriptures to be the Word of God but yet grant them to be an holy Declaration of the Word of God and of the Rule and Guide in Matters of Salvation 2. They hold That the Spirit which leads into all Truth is the great Evangelical Rule of Holy Living 3. That Christians ought now to expect inward Revelation from the Spirit of God 4. That Forms of Prayer are not to be perpetuated in the Church 5. That Baptism by Water is not Christ's Ordinance 6. That the Lord's Supper is unnecessary to the Regenerate because Christ is come to them viz. by his Spirit 7. That Swearing before Magistrates is unlawful 8. That all persons inspired may preach tho' Mechanicks 9. That Errors and Vices do un-minister Men. 10. That the Jewish-Sabbath being a Type of Spiritual Rest under the Gospel we are not now bound to any set Day yet to some time of Divine Worship W. Penn Esq See more in Mr. Rosse's View of all Religions c. 2. Their Divisions In England they are divided especially in two Parties such as follow Mr. Mead who is accounted the most rational and moderate and such as adhere to Mr. Penn. In Pennsilvania we have had
Justinus Nepotiani Adamantii Chiliastae assert Christ shall Reign on the Earth 1000 years after the Resurrection So Apollinarii Victorinus Tertullian Irenaeus Lactantius  Jews Before the Judgment there shall be a Golden Age to the Godly  Hutistes Take upon them to prefix the very day and hour of Christ's coming to Judgment The H. Ghost is truly God Macedonians Tropicks Arians The Holy Ghost is a Creature or Power Celestial created by God thro' the Word  Effrontes The Holy Ghost is a bare Motion inspired by God into the Mind  Samosatenus Photinus Socinus Servetus Turks Ochinus Lombard Ket Hamant Brownists some Pneumatomachous likewise saying the Holy Ghost is not God but God's Love or Vertue whereby he works iâ— his Children  Hierax Melchisedec was the Holy Ghost  Sim. Magus His Helen was the Holy Ghost  Franciscan S. Francis was the Holy Ghost  Helehe The Holy Ghost was a Woman and the natural Sister of Christ  Grecians Russians The H. Ghost proceeds from the Father but not from the Son  Tritheists The H. Ghost is inferior to the Father as the Arians say he is not inferior to the Son Mankind is by Nature corrupt and guilty of Original sin Saturninus Some men are naturally good tho some bad  Carpocratians some of them they were every way as innocent as Christ  Adamites They were ever way as innocent as Adam before his Fall  Jews Carpocratians Familists Flatly deny Original sin  Pelagians Adam's sin hurt not his posterity  Albanenses There is no Original sin if their Adversaries report truly of them  Jack-a Leyden No Original sin  Papists The Virgin Mary was free from sin Original  Council Trent Concupiscence is no sin but proceeds from sin and inclines to sin  Manichees Original sin is another substance within us so that Man is not voluntarily but necessarily driven to evil  Socinus There is no Original Sin i. e. Concupiscence and Deformity of Nature in us Contracted by natural generation from Adam justly we being in his loins when he fell Florinus Blastus Hermogenes Therefore God is the Author of sin  Valentinians Original Sin comes From the Devil  Apollinarians Original Sin comes From Nature  Pelagians Original Sin comes By Imitation  Familists Original Sin comes By Imitation  Arminius All men are received into the Covenant of Grace and all freed from Orinal Sin So that now we have no will to good of ourselves Pharisees Sadduces Pelagians Donatists Papists Anabaptists Man hath no free will to Good  Lawr. Valla Man hath no Power to move his Body to outward things nor his Mind to sin  Hobbes Liberty of will in the Soul is Physically necessary  Socinus There is a Free will to Goodness in us  Arminius A Natural Man can by using the gifts of Nature rightly obtain saving Grace c. Nor sufficient Knowledg of our Duty Montanists said They knew more than the Apostles of Christ  Socinus No man by the Light of Nature can have any Knowledg of God Yet God requires holiness Carpocrates A Vicious Life will appease the Evil Angels  Basilides Exâ—oll'd a civil Righteousness up to the very Heavens Viz. That we worship him alone Angelici Adored Angels so did the Jews and Pythagoreans and Platonists  Armenii The Cross  Helcesaitae The Water and some Women a-kin to Helceseus  Greeks The V. Mary and Pictures  Collyridiani Offered bread to the Virgin M.  Papists Saints  Pagans Men under the Names of Jupiter Saturn c.  Persians A Dragon  Syrians A Fish and Pigeons  Aegyptians An Ox Calf Cats Vultures Crocodiles  Turks Mahomet  Americans The Devil under the name of Zemes and Tanto and Cendir  Hakem President of Egypt a Mahometan would be called God and was so by a servant of his Darareus who told him he had got 16000 Disciples viz. who would call him God  Cuscans and Peruvians Viracocha i.e. the Creator of Heaven and Earth Vaspu i. e. Wonderful and the Sun and Stars and Author of Rain and Thunder and Pachacuma and Macamoca i.e. the Earth and Sea and Rainbow high Trees c. Dragons Bears Tigers c.  Mexicani Vitzliputzli viz. Idolum quoddam  Muggletonians decry all outward Worship  Quietists do the same and call to that which is Inward and spiritual  Clancularii professed no Religion with their mouth but kept it in their heart According to his Word Will Pettaloronchiae put the Finger in the Mouth to appease God with silence  Tascodrongitae Spirituales put the Finger in the Nose to shew their Ardency in Prayer  Nudi-pedales Went barefoot  Collyridiani Used to carry about Bread in Honour of the Blessed Virgin  Papists In Procession carry about the Sacrament on Horse-back the Pope being carried on in a chair of Gold on the shoulders of 6 or 8 Noblemen By praying to him Messaliani Euchitae Euphemite Psalliani Martyriani were constantly Devoted to Prayers but idle  Agonyclitae Would not Pray kneeling nor prostrate but only standing  Beghardinae Beghinae No need of Prayers and Fasting  Prodiciani Brownists Reject the Lord's Prayer and all set Forms And praising him Arnheim Church sing the Prophets and their own Hymns And fasting and abstinence Cerdon Marcion Saturninus Carpocrates From flesh and marriage  Tatianus From Flesh Wine and Women Manichees the Priests did so yet in Fasts had plenty and variety of Fruits spices Liquors c.  Severus From Wine Women and Marriage  Gnosticks Aerians Priscillianists Apostolicks Hierarchites Valentinians Marriage is not Lawful or meet whoredom is so say the Armenians Apostolici and Encratitae from Marriage and Riches  Turks Jews Polygamy is Lawful so likewise say the Hermogenians and Ochinites  Valesii Castrated themselves  Nicolaitans Sim. Magus Woredom is Lawful  Papists They which are of spiritual Kindred may not marry  Papists admit none into the Clergy that are married unless they will be first unmarried  Vigilantian admit none into the Clergy that are married unless they will be first unmarried  Bishops admit none into the Clergy that are married unless they will be first unmarried  Origen Tertullian Catharans Henricians none should marry twice And Montanists of whom Tertullian was one so Athenagoras Hierome Nazianzen Origen  Ossens compel People to marry  Manichees Forbid marriage to the Electi Priests As God hath revealed his Will in the holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testament Circumcellians Burnt the Holy Scriptures  Archontici rejected most of the Old Testament and substituted the Apocrypha in its room  Basilides Carpocrates Valentinians Manichees Severians Catabaptists Marcionites Apelles rejected the Old Testament for the most part so the Socinians  Ebion allowed only S. Matthew's Gospel called Paul an Apostate  Sadduces only the Pentateuch  Muscovites rejected the 4 last Books