i_o if_o i_o think_v fit_a unless_o he_o be_v endue_v with_o sufficient_a power_n to_o vindicate_v the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n of_o his_o authority_n therefore_o the_o strict_a sanction_n which_o any_o sovereign_a power_n can_v give_v unto_o its_o law_n be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o only_o able_a but_o have_v also_o sufficient_o declare_v that_o it_o will_v confer_v a_o sufficient_a share_n of_o good_a thing_n or_o reward_n for_o so_o do_v and_o of_o evil_n or_o punishment_n upon_o any_o breach_n or_o neglect_v of_o its_o command_n so_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o this_o obligation_n be_v proper_o resolve_v into_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n or_o those_o to_o who_o the_o custody_n of_o these_o law_n be_v commit_v all_o which_o be_v include_v in_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o we_o find_v god_n command_v it_o to_o who_o we_o ought_v to_o yield_v absolute_a obedience_n though_o not_o in_o right_a of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n alone_o but_o rather_o as_o he_o have_v by_o his_o eternal_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n in_o his_o creation_n and_o preservation_n of_o we_o a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o and_o a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o command_v we_o and_o consequent_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o his_o law_n as_o they_o be_v not_o only_o high_o reasonable_a be_v ordain_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n but_o be_v also_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n but_o since_o the_o former_a seem_v more_o plain_o declare_v to_o mankind_n and_o be_v likewise_o more_o agreeable_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n which_o shall_v rather_o delight_v to_o be_v allure_v by_o reward_n than_o terrify_v by_o punishment_n i_o shall_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o natural_a reward_n annex_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o internal_a or_o external_n that_o be_v either_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o soul_n alone_o or_o to_o the_o body_n and_o the_o soul_n joint_o consider_v judice_fw-la to_o his_o health_n do_v so_o much_o indulge_v his_o genius_n as_o to_o keep_v a_o table_n above_o his_o estate_n and_o thereby_o become_v unable_a to_o provide_v for_o his_o family_n or_o to_o contribute_v to_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o be_v high_o guilty_a of_o intemperance_n though_o perhaps_o he_o may_v do_v it_o without_o any_o prejudice_n to_o his_o health_n §_o 18._o and_o as_o for_o that_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n call_v chastity_n or_o continence_n i_o need_v not_o far_o to_o declare_v how_o much_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n depend_v upon_o it_o have_v already_o show_v divers_a of_o those_o evil_n and_o inconvenience_n that_o do_v necessary_o follow_v the_o contrary_a vice_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o commission_n of_o this_o offence_n of_o incontinence_n make_v a_o man_n guilty_a of_o another_o sin_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o therefore_o i_o define_v chastity_n to_o be_v the_o abstain_v from_o all_o inordinate_a or_o forbid_a lust_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a or_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o only_o confine_v to_o the_o bare_a forbid_v of_o fornication_n but_o also_o extend_v itself_o to_o that_o moral_a obligation_n or_o contract_n which_o we_o call_v marriage_n so_o that_o out_o of_o a_o consideration_n of_o this_o great_a end_n those_o promiscuous_a copulation_n between_o brother_n and_o sister_n and_o divers_a other_o near_a relation_n which_o upon_o the_o first_o people_n of_o the_o world_n be_v lawful_a because_o then_o necessary_a for_o the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n be_v now_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n become_v unlawful_a since_o without_o a_o abhorrence_n of_o this_o copulation_n between_o brother_n and_o sister_n it_o be_v hard_a if_o not_o impossible_a that_o the_o chastity_n of_o such_o young_a person_n converse_v so_o constant_o and_o intimate_o together_o from_o their_o youth_n shall_v be_v otherwise_o preserve_v without_o a_o early_a prepossession_n of_o the_o horror_n of_o such_o promiscuous_a copulation_n and_o hence_o also_o i_o suppose_v that_o natural_a reason_n teach_v most_o nation_n after_o mankind_n begin_v to_o be_v multiply_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o first_o original_a relation_n they_o have_v to_o each_o other_o to_o be_v forget_v to_o prohibit_v marriage_n between_o near_a relation_n that_o by_o this_o mean_v new_a friendship_n and_o strict_a bond_n of_o amity_n shall_v be_v contract_v between_o family_n and_o person_n not_o near_o relate_v in_o blood_n from_o whence_o a_o large_a diffusion_n of_o friendship_n and_o kindness_n proceed_v from_o this_o relation_n may_v be_v spread_v among_o person_n not_o only_o of_o the_o same_o commonweal_n but_o of_o divers_a nation_n and_o also_o that_o those_o faction_n and_o enmity_n which_o will_v often_o happen_v between_o particular_a man_n and_o family_n be_v they_o only_o to_o marry_v into_o their_o own_o clan_n or_o tribe_n may_v be_v prevent_v or_o if_o begin_v may_v by_o fresh_a alliance_n be_v reconcile_v and_o take_v away_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o virtue_n of_o chastity_n or_o continence_n can_v no_o way_n be_v true_o explain_v or_o understand_v without_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v viz._n the_o common_a peace_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n §_o 19_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v somewhat_o more_o concern_v that_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n relate_v to_o our_o seek_v after_o and_o acquire_v those_o outward_a good_n often_o conduce_v though_o not_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o our_o well_o be_v viz._n riches_n and_o honour_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o general_a law_n which_o limit_n our_o love_n towards_o ourselves_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a ought_v also_o from_o the_o same_o consideration_n to_o limit_v and_o regulate_v our_o desire_n both_o in_o acquire_v and_o keep_v these_o advantage_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o as_o they_o may_v render_v we_o more_o capable_a of_o promote_a the_o great_a end_n abovementioned_a and_o to_o which_o they_o ought_v always_o to_o be_v subordinate_a the_o former_a of_o these_o virtue_n relate_v to_o riches_n be_v call_v moderation_n which_o be_v a_o limit_v care_n in_o acquire_v and_o keep_v riches_n of_o which_o i_o need_v speak_v no_o far_o have_v sufficient_o show_v the_o measure_n and_o reason_n of_o it_o when_o i_o define_v liberality_n and_o frugality_n with_o their_o opposite_a vice_n the_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n relate_v to_o honour_n be_v call_v modesty_n and_o may_v be_v define_v a_o justice_n towards_o ourselves_o in_o a_o reasonable_a desire_n of_o honour_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o therefore_o consist_v in_o a_o due_a mediocrity_n as_o well_o in_o desire_v honour_n as_o avoid_v infamy_n and_o this_o virtue_n as_o it_o curb_v the_o desire_n from_o seek_v high_a thing_n than_o the_o person_n real_o deserve_v or_o may_v well_o pretend_v to_o in_o order_n to_o this_o great_a end_n be_v call_v humility_n which_o be_v a_o low_a or_o true_a esteem_n of_o a_o man_n self_n or_o personal_a merit_n but_o as_o this_o desire_n of_o the_o common_a good_a often_o elevate_v the_o mind_n to_o the_o perform_n of_o great_a and_o noble_a action_n whereby_o he_o may_v acquire_v the_o high_a honour_n it_o be_v then_o call_v magnanimity_n and_o therefore_o the_o magnanimous_a be_v still_o suppose_a to_o be_v endue_v with_o perfect_a virtue_n and_o a_o most_o large_a desire_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o believe_v he_o have_v reason_n to_o judge_v himself_o worthy_a of_o any_o honour_n that_o he_o can_v just_o pretend_v to_o and_o i_o suppose_v every_o man_n be_v sensible_a that_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o virtue_n not_o only_o to_o seek_v for_o true_a honour_n but_o also_o to_o take_v care_n to_o preserve_v it_o when_o it_o be_v obtain_v and_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o these_o virtue_n the_o contrary_a vice_n be_v more_o easy_o understand_v for_o pride_n be_v direct_o opposite_a both_o to_o magnanimity_n and_o humility_n show_v itself_o in_o a_o preposterous_a ambition_n foolish_a arrogance_n or_o vainglory_n and_o so_o pusillanimity_n or_o meanness_n of_o spirit_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o magnanimity_n §_o 20._o thus_o we_o have_v run_v through_o almost_o all_o the_o particular_a virtue_n and_o do_v still_o find_v in_o each_o of_o they_o a_o constant_a respect_n or_o tendency_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n so_o that_o whether_o they_o regard_v ourselves_o or_o other_o the_o same_o great_a end_n be_v still_o intend_a by_o god_n the_o most_o wife_n legislator_n and_o this_o law_n be_v thus_o
there_o have_v be_v some_o sign_n or_o token_n of_o hostility_n express_v §_o 7._o yet_o he_o grant_v there_o be_v never_o such_o a_o condition_n of_o war_n as_o this_o that_o he_o describe_v general_o all_o over_o the_o world_n but_o that_o there_o be_v many_o place_n where_o man_n live_v so_o now_o and_o instance_n in_o many_o savage_a people_n of_o america_n where_o except_o the_o government_n of_o small_a family_n the_o concord_n whereof_o depend_v on_o natural_a lust_n they_o have_v no_o government_n at_o all_o and_o live_v at_o this_o day_n in_o that_o brutish_a manner_n he_o have_v before_o describe_v but_o be_v it_o so_o as_o he_o affirm_v that_o brutish_a way_n of_o live_v which_o be_v in_o too_o many_o particular_n practise_v by_o these_o savage_a people_n both_o in_o africa_n and_o america_n where_o they_o have_v almost_o lose_v all_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a ought_v the_o practice_n of_o such_o barbarous_a people_n to_o be_v of_o sufficient_a authority_n to_o prove_v that_o they_o live_v according_a to_o the_o true_a state_n of_o human_a nature_n or_o that_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o live_v and_o act_v thus_o in_o all_o thing_n they_o thus_o unreasonable_o practice_n but_o have_v this_o author_n read_v any_o true_a or_o exact_a relation_n of_o those_o place_n in_o america_n he_o mention_n he_o may_v have_v find_v that_o in_o many_o of_o those_o nation_n island_n even_o where_o there_o be_v no_o civil_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n and_o though_o they_o have_v no_o other_o government_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n but_o that_o of_o the_o father_n or_o head_n of_o family_n yet_o do_v not_o their_o concord_n whole_o depend_v upon_o natural_a lust_n for_o beside_o the_o government_n of_o husband_n over_o their_o wife_n and_o those_o conjugal_a duty_n and_o service_n which_o their_o wife_n yield_v they_o in_o these_o place_n parent_n be_v more_o fond_a of_o their_o child_n and_o child_n again_o be_v more_o dutiful_a and_o kind_a to_o their_o parent_n and_o take_v more_o care_n of_o they_o when_o they_o be_v sick_a or_o old_a than_o they_o common_o do_v with_o we_o and_o though_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n yet_o have_v no_o riches_n but_o the_o mere_a necessary_a utensil_n of_o live_v nor_o any_o honour_n except_o military_a to_o contend_v for_o and_o which_o be_v not_o obtain_v without_o great_a hardship_n and_o suffering_n and_o have_v also_o few_o word_n of_o contempt_n or_o disgrace_n among_o they_o whole_a town_n nay_o nation_n have_v live_v together_o for_o many_o age_n in_o sufficient_a amity_n and_o concord_n without_o ever_o fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o murder_n and_o adultery_n commit_v among_o they_o every_o particular_a person_n injure_v or_o else_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v be_v their_o own_o judge_n and_o executioner_n the_o mutual_a fear_n of_o which_o join_v with_o the_o natural_a peaceable_a temper_n of_o the_o people_n cause_v few_o of_o those_o crime_n to_o be_v commit_v among_o they_o than_o with_o we_o where_o there_o be_v law_n and_o public_a officer_n appoint_v to_o punish_v all_o such_o injury_n and_o for_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o two_o author_n of_o undoubted_a credit_n viz._n lerius_fw-la in_o his_o history_n of_o his_o navigation_n to_o brazil_n chap._n 18._o and_o the_o french_a author_n of_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o the_o caribbè_a island_n part._n 2d_o chap._n 11._o and_o §_o 19_o beside_o other_o author_n on_o this_o subject_a who_o you_o may_v consult_v in_o purchas_n pilgrim_n in_o his_o volume_n of_o america_n and_o though_o these_o people_n have_v often_o war_n with_o their_o neighbour_n yet_o be_v it_o not_o with_o all_o but_o only_o some_o particular_a nation_n with_o who_o they_o have_v constant_a war_n and_o eat_v they_o when_o they_o can_v take_v they_o prisoner_n yet_o do_v they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n maintain_v peace_n with_o all_o other_o so_o remote_a be_v it_o from_o truth_n that_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n can_v live_v and_o subsist_v by_o maintain_v a_o constant_a war_n against_o all_o other_o nor_o do_v i_o ever_o hear_v of_o any_o more_o than_o one_o people_n or_o nation_n in_o the_o west-indies_n near_o carolina_n call_v the_o westoes_fw-it that_o make_v this_o fatal_a experiment_n by_o make_v war_n upon_o all_o their_o neighbour_n one_o after_o another_o till_o they_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n reduce_v from_o 7000_o fight_a man_n to_o 700_o and_o be_v afterward_o quite_o extirpate_v by_o those_o nation_n they_o have_v injure_v which_o relation_n i_o receive_v from_o a_o gentleman_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v a_o considerable_a interest_n in_o those_o part_n so_o impossible_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o mankind_n to_o subsist_v or_o be_v preserve_v a_o year_n together_o in_o mr._n h_n imaginary_a state_n of_o war._n §._o 8_o nor_o be_v his_o other_o instance_n from_o the_o action_n of_o king_n and_o person_n of_o a_o sovereign_a authority_n any_o better_a who_o he_o make_v like_o gladiator_n have_v their_o weapon_n point_v and_o their_o eye_n fix_v on_o each_o other_o that_o be_v their_o fort_n garrison_n and_o gun_n upon_o the_o frontieres_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o continual_a spy_n upon_o their_o neighbour_n which_o be_v a_o posture_n of_o war._n where_o i_o may_v first_o observe_v that_o he_o do_v not_o direct_o affirm_v that_o all_o prince_n be_v in_o a_o state_n but_o only_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o war_n which_o i_o grant_v be_v both_o lawful_a and_o necessary_a since_o no_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n can_v be_v secure_a that_o his_o neighbour_n will_v constant_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o invade_v his_o territory_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n give_v yet_o i_o think_v no_o prince_n or_o other_o supreme_a power_n who_o he_o make_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a will_v be_v so_o wicked_a or_o unreasonable_a to_o affirm_v that_o they_o have_v a_o natural_a right_n to_o invade_v the_o territory_n life_n and_o estate_n of_o all_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o their_o subject_n much_o less_o when_o they_o have_v make_v league_n or_o compact_n of_o peace_n with_o each_o other_o that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o observe_v they_o only_o for_o prevention_n that_o they_o may_v not_o do_v the_o like_a to_o they_o and_o break_v their_o compact_n first_o for_o that_o he_o himself_o confess_v to_o be_v absolute_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o right_a reason_n but_o that_o upon_o mr._n h_n principle_n such_o compact_n be_v make_v in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n and_o without_o any_o common_a power_n to_o see_v they_o observe_v do_v not_o at_o all_o oblige_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o more_o particular_o by_o and_o by_o §_o 9_o i_o come_v now_o to_o his_o last_o passion_n viz._n glory_n for_o which_o he_o will_v have_v all_o man_n to_o be_v natural_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war._n but_o admit_v that_o divers_a man_n look_v that_o their_o companion_n shall_v value_v they_o at_o the_o same_o rate_n as_o they_o do_v themselves_o and_o upon_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o contempt_n or_o undervalue_v natural_o endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o they_o dare_v to_o extort_v a_o great_a value_n from_o their_o contemner_n which_o among_o they_o that_o have_v no_o common_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o quiet_a may_v be_v enough_o to_o make_v they_o destroy_v each_o other_o yet_o do_v not_o this_o hold_v true_a in_o every_o man_n for_o even_o among_o those_o that_o labour_n under_o this_o passion_n of_o vainglory_n there_o be_v many_o in_o who_o fear_v of_o other_o be_v a_o much_o more_o predominate_a passion_n and_o such_o will_v rather_o take_v a_o affront_n than_o venture_v to_o beat_v or_o kill_v another_o to_o revenge_v it_o since_o the_o hazard_n be_v certain_a but_o the_o victory_n suppose_v the_o person_n every_o way_n his_o equal_a uncertain_a and_o if_o this_o vainglory_n may_v be_v so_o far_o master_v by_o another_o strong_a passion_n why_o may_v it_o not_o also_o be_v overpower_v by_o reason_n for_o a_o rational_a man_n will_v consider_v that_o he_o can_v force_v man_n to_o have_v a_o better_a esteem_n of_o his_o word_n or_o action_n by_o fight_v every_o one_o that_o shall_v declare_v their_o dislike_n of_o they_o or_o else_o know_v that_o he_o be_v not_o at_o all_o the_o worse_o for_o the_o foolish_a censure_n of_o unreasonable_a man_n or_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o take_v for_o a_o affront_n whatsoever_o every_o scurrilous_a impertinent_a fellow_n shall_v intend_v so_o and_o he_o himself_o do_v here_o likewise_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v other_o as_o strong_a passion_n that_o incline_v man_n to_o peace_n as_o fear_v of_o death_n desire_v of_o such_o thing_n
right_a understanding_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n nay_o christianity_n itself_o but_o for_o a_o conclusion_n to_o the_o preface_n i_o have_v also_o make_v some_o addition_n wherein_o i_o have_v show_v your_o principle_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v not_o a_o new_a invention_n but_o that_o which_o several_a great_a man_n have_v before_o deliver_v as_o the_o only_a firm_a rule_n by_o which_o to_o try_v not_o only_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n but_o all_o civil_a law_n whether_o they_o be_v right_a and_o just_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o not_o and_o i_o have_v also_o conclude_v it_o with_o a_o set_n of_o principle_n very_o necessary_a to_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o all_o natural_a religion_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o the_o two_o last_o alone_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o your_o lordship_n book_n as_o well_o as_o of_o my_o abridgement_n of_o it_o but_o to_o speak_v more_o particular_o of_o the_o discourse_n 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law_n derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n himself_o which_o work_n if_o it_o be_v well_o perform_v we_o hope_v may_v prove_v of_o great_a use_n not_o only_o to_o our_o own_o nation_n but_o to_o all_o mankind_n because_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v appear_v both_o by_o what_o mean_n man_n understand_n may_v attain_v to_o a_o true_a and_o natural_a knowledge_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n or_o law_n of_o god_n so_o that_o if_o they_o practise_v they_o not_o they_o may_v be_v leave_v without_o excuse_n and_o this_o principle_n will_v likewise_o serve_v for_o a_o general_a rule_n by_o which_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v try_v whether_o they_o be_v just_o and_o right_o or_o not_o that_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o may_v be_v correct_v and_o amend_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n whenever_o they_o have_v deviate_v from_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_n and_o from_o hence_o may_v also_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o there_o be_v somewhat_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n as_o also_o in_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o man_n nature_n which_o administer_v present_a comfort_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o our_o mind_n from_o good_a action_n as_o also_o firm_a hope_n or_o presage_v of_o a_o future_a happiness_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o they_o when_o this_o life_n be_v end_v whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o great_a misery_n and_o most_o dismal_a fear_n do_v proceed_v from_o wicked_a or_o evil_a action_n from_o whence_o the_o conscience_n seem_v furnish_v as_o it_o be_v with_o whip_n and_o scorpion_n to_o correct_v and_o punish_v all_o vice_n and_o improbity_n so_o that_o it_o may_v from_o hence_o appear_v that_o man_n be_v not_o delude_v in_o their_o moral_a notion_n either_o by_o clergyman_n or_o politician_n i_o grant_v the_o platonist_n undertake_v to_o dispatch_v
not_o but_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o this_o discourse_n that_o it_o have_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o render_v it_o so_o viz._n god_n consider_v as_o a_o legislator_n and_o his_o will_n or_o command_v sufficient_o declare_v to_o we_o as_o a_o law_n from_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o our_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o other_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o likewise_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o the_o next_o neither_o do_v we_o suppose_v it_o can_v be_v more_o evident_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o thing_n than_o that_o he_o be_v also_o the_o author_n of_o this_o proposition_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o concern_v his_o own_o honour_n and_o worship_n conjoin_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v we_o have_v be_v more_o exact_a and_o have_v dwell_v long_o upon_o the_o reward_n that_o we_o may_v expect_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n than_o upon_o the_o punishment_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o and_o though_o i_o know_v the_o civilian_n have_v rather_o place_v the_o sanction_n of_o civil_a law_n in_o punishment_n than_o reward_n yet_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v not_o offend_v though_o we_o a_o little_a deviate_v from_o their_o sense_n and_o make_v it_o part_n of_o the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n that_o it_o be_v establish_v by_o reward_n as_o well_o as_o punishment_n since_o it_o seem_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n who_o footstep_n be_v strict_o to_o be_v follow_v to_o consider_v the_o positive_a idea_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o which_o do_v not_o receive_v either_o negation_n or_o privation_n by_o our_o outward_a sense_n and_o our_o affection_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v move_v by_o the_o love_n or_o hope_n of_o a_o present_a or_o future_a good_a than_o by_o the_o fear_n or_o hatred_n of_o the_o contrary_a evil_n for_o as_o no_o man_n be_v say_v to_o love_n life_n health_n and_o those_o grateful_a motion_n of_o the_o nerve_n or_o spirit_n which_o be_v call_v corporeal_a pleasure_n because_o he_o may_v avoid_v death_n sickness_n or_o pain_n but_o rather_o from_o their_o own_o intrinsic_a goodness_n or_o agreeableness_n with_o our_o humane_a nature_n so_o likewise_o no_o rational_a man_n desire_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o wit_n the_o more_o ample_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a object_n the_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o rational_a being_n can_v only_o give_v he_o and_o all_o this_o not_o only_o that_o he_o may_v avoid_v the_o mischief_n of_o ignorance_n envy_n and_o malevolence_n but_o because_o of_o that_o great_a happiness_n which_o he_o find_v by_o experience_n to_o spring_v from_o such_o virtuous_a action_n and_o habit_n and_o which_o render_v it_o most_o ungrateful_a to_o we_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o they_o and_o so_o the_o cause_n also_o of_o such_o privation_n be_v judge_v high_o grievous_a and_o troublesome_a from_o whence_o it_o also_o appear_v that_o even_o civil_a law_n themselves_o when_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o punishment_n e._n g._n by_o the_o fear_n of_o death_n or_o loss_n of_o good_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o thing_n true_o do_v indeed_o force_v man_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o they_o from_o the_o love_n of_o life_n or_o riches_n which_o they_o find_v can_v only_o be_v preserve_v by_o their_o observation_n so_o that_o the_o avoid_n of_o death_n and_o poverty_n be_v but_o in_o other_o word_n love_v of_o life_n and_o riches_n as_o he_o who_o by_o two_o negative_n will_v say_v he_o will_v not_o want_v life_n mean_v no_o more_o but_o that_o he_o desire_v to_o enjoy_v it_o to_o which_o we_o may_v likewise_o add_v that_o civil_a law_n themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v from_o the_o end_n which_o the_o lawmaker_n regard_v in_o make_v they_o as_o also_o which_o all_o good_a subject_n design_n in_o observe_v they_o to_o wit_n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n part_n of_o which_o be_v communicate_v to_o all_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a and_o so_o bring_v with_o it_o a_o natural_a reward_n of_o their_o obedience_n rather_o than_o from_o the_o punishment_n they_o threaten_v by_o who_o fear_n some_o only_o be_v deter_v from_o violate_v they_o and_o those_o of_o the_o worst_a and_o most_o wicked_a sort_n of_o men._n but_o though_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o precept_n or_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o the_o sanction_n annex_v to_o they_o be_v brief_o contain_v in_o this_o proposition_n yet_o it_o be_v subject_a be_v still_o but_o a_o endeavour_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n this_o limitation_n of_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n imply_v that_o we_o do_v not_o think_v ourselves_o capable_a of_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o divine_a perfection_n which_o we_o willing_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v beyond_o our_o power_n so_o that_o here_o be_v at_o once_o express_v both_o our_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o good_a will_n to_o mankind_n who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o system_fw-la but_o the_o predicate_v of_o this_o proposition_n be_v that_o which_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o its_o singular_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o our_o own_o happiness_n be_v contain_v as_o one_o part_n thereof_o since_o all_o those_o good_a thing_n which_o we_o can_v do_v for_o other_o be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o endeavour_n so_o that_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o good_n of_o which_o also_o our_o own_o felicity_n consist_v can_v never_o be_v miss_v of_o either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o a_o better_a as_o the_o reward_n of_o our_o obedience_n thereunto_o so_o to_o the_o contrary_a action_n misery_n in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v be_v the_o punishment_n natural_o due_a but_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o predicate_v with_o the_o subject_a be_v both_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n and_o also_o a_o demonstration_n of_o the_o natural_a connexion_n between_o this_o obedience_n and_o the_o reward_n as_o also_o between_o the_o transgression_n and_o the_o punishment_n from_o whence_o the_o reader_n will_v easy_o observe_v the_o true_a reason_n for_o which_o this_o practical_a proposition_n and_o all_o other_o which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o thence_o do_v oblige_v all_o rational_a creature_n to_o know_v and_o understand_v it_o whilst_o other_o proposition_n suppose_v geometrical_a one_o though_o find_v out_o by_o right_a reason_n and_o so_o be_v truth_n proceed_v from_o god_n himself_o yet_o do_v not_o oblige_v man_n to_o any_o act_n or_o practise_v pursuant_n to_o they_o but_o may_v be_v safe_o neglect_v by_o most_o man_n to_o who_o the_o science_n of_o geometry_n may_v not_o be_v necessary_a whereas_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v intimate_o concern_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o mankind_n upon_o who_o joint_n or_o concurrent_a will_n and_o endeavour_n every_o single_a man_n happiness_n do_v after_o some_o sort_n depend_v so_o that_o this_o endeavour_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v neglect_v without_o endanger_v the_o lose_v all_o those_o hope_n of_o happiness_n which_o god_n have_v make_v know_v to_o we_o from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o so_o have_v sufficient_o declare_v the_o connexion_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n with_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n from_o who_o authority_n as_o well_o this_o general_a proposition_n as_o all_o other_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o become_v law_n so_o that_o from_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o adequate_a and_o immediate_a effect_n of_o our_o thus_o act_v and_o concern_v which_o this_o law_n be_v establish_v be_v whatever_n be_v grateful_a to_o god_n and_o beneficial_a to_o man_n that_o be_v the_o natural_a good_a of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n nay_o further_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o good_n which_o we_o can_v imagine_v or_o perform_v for_o they_o since_o it_o be_v great_a than_o the_o like_a good_a of_o any_o particular_a part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o same_o system_fw-la and_o far_o it_o be_v thereby_o sufficient_o declare_v that_o the_o felicity_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v derive_v from_o this_o happy_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n as_o the_o nutrition_n of_o any_o one_o member_n of_o a_o animal_n be_v produce_v by_o a_o due_a distribution_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o effect_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o best_a since_o it_o
only_o to_o discern_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o morality_n which_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o ornament_n as_o they_o be_v man_n but_o also_o they_o may_v here_o see_v the_o true_a foundation_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o property_n which_o they_o be_v most_o oblige_v to_o understand_v because_o as_o gentleman_n they_o be_v bear_v to_o the_o great_a interest_n in_o they_o both_o i_o need_v add_v no_o more_o to_o give_v you_o assurance_n that_o i_o free_o consent_v to_o your_o print_n of_o this_o book_n and_o be_o your_o affectionate_a friend_n ric._n peterborough_n the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o the_o preface_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v only_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o a_o state_n of_o the_o question_n between_o we_o and_o the_o epicurean_o and_o sceptic_n §_o 2._o the_o method_n propose_v in_o what_o manner_n we_o be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o mankind_n in_o order_n to_o prove_v certain_a general_a proposition_n that_o shall_v carry_v with_o they_o the_o obligation_n of_o natural_a law_n §_o 3._o the_o soul_n suppose_v to_o be_v rafa_o tabula_fw-la without_o any_o innate_a idea_n our_o method_n propose_v of_o consider_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o world_n and_o all_o thing_n and_o humane_a action_n as_o subordinate_a cause_n and_o effect_n either_o hinder_v or_o promote_a our_o common_a happiness_n and_o preservation_n §_o 4._o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n deduceable_a from_o hence_o as_o so_o many_o practical_a proposition_n and_o all_o our_o observation_n or_o knowledge_n of_o it_o reduceable_a to_o one_o proposition_n of_o the_o high_a benevolence_n of_o rational_a being_n towards_o each_o other_o as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o benevolence_n §_o 5._o what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v or_o suppose_v in_o order_n to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n §_o 6._o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n prove_v and_o what_o be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o thence_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o single_a person_n inseparable_a from_o that_o of_o mankind_n the_o general_a cause_n of_o its_o happiness_n to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o first_o place_n §_o 7._o therefore_o no_o man_n particular_a happiness_n can_v be_v oppose_v or_o prefer_v before_o the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_a being_n the_o contrary_a practice_n unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a §_o 8._o yet_o that_o this_o proposition_n can_v be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n till_o we_o have_v propose_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n for_o the_o great_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 9_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o proposition_n not_o prejudice_v by_o the_o ill_a use_n of_o man_n free-will_n §_o 10_o 11._o by_o what_o step_n and_o degree_n the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o common_a good_a come_v to_o be_v convey_v into_o our_o mind_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n §_o 12._o first_o natural_a observation_n that_o in_o our_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o all_o the_o outward_a necessary_n of_o life_n and_o in_o our_o mutual_a administer_a they_o to_o each_o other_o consist_v all_o man_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n from_o whence_o also_o proceed_v a_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n §_o 13._o that_o man_n be_v able_a to_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o good_a and_o happiness_n of_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n than_o any_o other_o creature_n §_o 14._o nothing_o a_o sure_a help_n and_o defence_n to_o mankind_n than_o the_o most_o sincere_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n §_o 15._o nor_o any_o thing_n more_o destructive_a to_o it_o than_o their_o constant_a malice_n and_o ill-will_a §_o 16._o that_o these_o principle_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o any_o in_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n notwithstanding_o the_o supposition_n of_o man_n freewill_n §_o 17._o yet_o that_o they_o be_v only_a law_n as_o proceed_v from_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o as_o establish_v with_o fit_a reward_n and_o punishment_n §_o 18._o that_o from_o these_o natural_a and_o general_a observation_n we_o attain_v to_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o man_n happiness_n and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n these_o cause_n act_n as_o certain_o as_o any_o other_o §_o 19,20_o hence_o arise_v a_o true_a notion_n of_o thing_n natural_o and_o unalterable_o good_a or_o evil_n §_o 21._o that_o man_n natural_a power_n and_o the_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n can_v neither_o be_v exert_v nor_o make_v use_n of_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a rule_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n §_o 22._o some_o conclusion_n deduceable_a from_o hence_o as_o that_o we_o chief_o concern_v ourselves_o about_o those_o thing_n and_o action_n that_o be_v in_o our_o power_n §_o 23._o no_o man_n self-sufficient_a to_o procure_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o own_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n and_o therefore_o need_v the_o goodwill_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o §_o 24._o none_o of_o these_o necessary_n for_o life_n can_v produce_v the_o end_n design_v but_o as_o they_o be_v appropriate_v to_o man_n particular_a use_n and_o necessity_n for_o the_o time_n they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o §_o 25._o from_o whence_o arise_v the_o right_a of_o occupancy_n or_o possession_n which_o may_v be_v exercise_v even_o during_o a_o natural_a community_n of_o most_o thing_n §_o 26._o that_o as_o this_o natural_a division_n and_o propriety_n in_o thing_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o particular_a person_n so_o it_o be_v also_o of_o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o aggregate_v body_n §_o 27._o that_o these_o principle_n destroy_v mr._n h_n hypothesis_n of_o the_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o far_a division_n and_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n now_o mankind_n be_v multiply_v on_o the_o earth_n §_o 29._o no_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n any_o far_a than_o as_o it_o conduce_v or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 30._o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n alike_o certain_a in_o a_o natural_a as_o civil_a state_n with_o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o argument_n insist_v on_o in_o this_o chapter_n §_o 31._o the_o content_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n man_n to_o be_v consider_v as_o a_o natural_a body_n as_o a_o animal_n and_o also_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n some_o observation_n from_o the_o first_o of_o these_o consideration_n as_o that_o humane_a body_n and_o action_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o law_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n with_o other_o thing_n §_o 1_o 2._o no_o action_n or_o motion_n more_o conducive_a to_o man_n happiness_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n §_o 3._o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o system_fw-la of_o natural_a body_n do_v not_o make_v any_o considerable_a difference_n between_o they_o when_o consider_v as_o voluntary_a agent_n endue_v with_o sense_n but_o that_o they_o rather_o act_v more_o powerful_o thereby_o §_o 4._o man_n great_a security_n from_o evil_n and_o hope_n of_o obtain_v good_a depend_v upon_o the_o goodwill_n and_o voluntary_a assistance_n of_o other_o §_o 5._o several_a natural_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o these_o observation_n §_o 6._o the_o like_a be_v find_v true_a in_o animate_v as_o well_o as_o inanimate_a body_n will_v make_v we_o more_o solicitous_a towards_o the_o general_a good_a of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n §_o 7._o that_o love_v or_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o each_o other_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n we_o can_v enjoy_v and_o also_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o a_o concourse_n of_o cause_n that_o all_o rational_a being_n shall_v be_v sensible_a of_o these_o indication_n §_o 8._o this_o prove_v from_o several_a natural_a observation_n as_o 1._o that_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n be_v but_o narrow_a the_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n can_v be_v but_o few_o and_o most_o of_o they_o communicable_a to_o many_o at_o once_o and_o so_o require_v a_o limit_a self-love_n consistent_a with_o the_o safety_n and_o happiness_n of_o other_o §_o 9_o 2._o that_o creature_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n can_v but_o be_v move_v to_o the_o like_a affection_n towards_o other_o as_o towards_o themselves_o from_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o similitude_n of_o their_o nature_n §_o 10._o animal_n do_v never_o deviate_v from_o this_o natural_a state_n but_o when_o they_o be_v seize_v with_o some_o preternatural_a disease_n or_o passion_n which_o as_o oft_o as_o it_o happen_v be_v absolute_o destructive_a to_o
their_o nature_n §_o 11._o all_o creature_n express_v a_o delight_n in_o the_o society_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n some_o case_n or_o interval_n wherein_o nature_n seem_v to_o act_v otherwise_o no_o contradiction_n to_o this_o general_a rule_n §_o 12._o all_o animal_n impel_v by_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o part_n to_o a_o love_n of_o those_o of_o a_o different_a sex_n and_o to_o a_o natural_a affection_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 13._o all_o animal_n take_v delight_n in_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n joy_n desire_v etc._n etc._n as_o helpful_a to_o their_o natural_a constitution_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a passion_n when_o inordinate_a be_v high_o destructive_a to_o it_o §_o 14._o mr._n h._n can_v deny_v these_o natural_a propension_n and_o therefore_o be_v force_v to_o suppose_v somewhat_o in_o man_n nature_n that_o render_v he_o more_o unsociable_a than_o brute_n §_o 15._o other_o peculiar_a observation_n relate_v to_o man_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v more_o capable_a of_o promote_a the_o common_a good_a as_o first_o from_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o brain_n in_o man_n than_o in_o brute_n §_o 16._o 2._o from_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o their_o blood_n and_o spermatick_a vessel_n from_o whence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o marriage_n and_o of_o a_o more_o constant_a and_o last_a love_n to_o their_o offspring_n §_o 17._o 3._o from_o the_o wonderful_a structure_n of_o man_n hand_n it_o be_v prove_v that_o this_o instrument_n be_v give_v we_o for_o some_o more_o noble_a use_n than_o bare_a self-preservation_n §_o 18._o last_o from_o the_o upright_a posture_n of_o man_n body_n and_o way_n of_o motion_n §_o 19_o the_o next_o set_v of_o observation_n tend_v to_o prove_v man_n more_o fit_v for_o the_o promote_a of_o this_o common_a good_a be_v take_v from_o the_o natural_a and_o peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n soul_n above_o those_o of_o brute_n and_o 1._o from_o that_o of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n and_o vice_n versa_fw-la especial_o in_o that_o of_o distinguish_v of_o real_a or_o natural_a from_o apparent_a good_n §_o 20._o what_o be_v understand_v by_o we_o by_o a_o natural_a or_o moral_a good_a or_o evil._n certain_a axiom_n for_o the_o plain_a understanding_n their_o nature_n and_o degree_n §_o 21._o how_o we_o arrive_v to_o a_o idea_n of_o a_o species_n or_o kind_n of_o creature_n and_o also_o to_o a_o notion_n of_o the_o general_a or_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 22._o speech_n and_o the_o invention_n of_o letter_n peculiar_a faculty_n of_o man_n nature_n §_o 23._o and_o the_o great_a benefit_n arise_v from_o thence_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 24._o man_n do_v infinite_o exceed_v beast_n in_o their_o discursive_a faculty_n as_o also_o in_o the_o knowledge_n and_o use_n of_o number_n §_o 25._o as_o also_o in_o the_o power_n of_o understanding_n the_o different_a quantity_n and_o proportion_n between_o body_n which_o we_o call_v geometry_n §_o 26._o the_o two_o great_a remain_a prerogative_n of_o humane_a soul_n freedom_n of_o will_n as_o to_o moral_a action_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n §_o 27_o 28._o what_o knowledge_n we_o can_v have_v of_o his_o attribute_n which_o can_v never_o be_v true_o understand_v but_o with_o respect_n to_o their_o great_a end_n the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n §_o 29._o the_o content_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o the_o former_a chapter_n and_o a_o sum_n up_o all_o those_o observation_n into_o a_o general_a proposition_n of_o god_n willing_a and_o command_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n §_o 1._o a_o brief_a explanation_n of_o the_o term_n of_o our_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o law_n §_o 2._o that_o all_o moral_a truth_n or_o duty_n as_o declare_v by_o god_n be_v contain_v in_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a certain_a principle_n lay_v down_o for_o the_o prove_v it_o §_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6._o that_o this_o be_v once_o discover_v to_o we_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v this_o proposition_n as_o a_o natural_a law_n with_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o term_n obligation_n and_o who_o have_v authority_n to_o oblige_v we_o §_o 7_o 8_o 9_o yet_o that_o this_o obligation_n may_v well_o consist_v with_o the_o freedom_n of_o our_o will_n the_o difference_n between_o a_o mere_a animal_n and_o a_o rational_a or_o natural_a good_a the_o neglect_n of_o which_o distinction_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o epicurus_n and_o mr._n h_n error_n §_o 10._o the_o last_o part_n of_o the_o obligation_n to_o this_o law_n viz._n its_o sanction_n by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n certain_a axiom_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v in_o order_n to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o true_a nature_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o of_o man_n true_a happiness_n and_o perfection_n with_o its_o difference_n from_o that_o of_o other_o being_n §_o 11._o that_o though_o all_o moral_a obligation_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o reward_n or_o punishment_n yet_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o humane_a nature_n it_o be_v insignificant_a without_o they_o with_o a_o scale_n of_o nature_n show_v the_o difference_n between_o vegetable_n and_o inanimate_a body_n and_o between_o man_n and_o brute_n §_o 12._o the_o strict_a sanction_n and_o consequent_o obligation_n to_o all_o law_n consist_v in_o reward_n and_o punishment_n due_o distribute_v god_n right_a of_o dominion_n not_o to_o be_v resolve_v into_o his_o irresistible_a power_n §_o 13._o the_o internal_a reward_n ordain_v by_o god_n in_o nature_n be_v first_o the_o inward_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o also_o the_o pleasure_n all_o man_n take_v in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o sweet_a passion_n of_o love_n etc._n etc._n §_o 14_o 15._o the_o external_a reward_n be_v all_o the_o like_a return_n of_o this_o benevolence_n from_o other_o with_o the_o praise_n or_o commendation_n of_o all_o good_a man_n together_o with_o the_o peace_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n §_o 16_o 17._o last_o from_o god_n soundness_n of_o mind_n and_o body_n with_o all_o those_o outward_a blessing_n he_o usual_o bestow_v on_o the_o peaceable_a and_o virtuous_a with_o a_o solution_n to_o the_o difficulty_n why_o god_n often_o afflict_v good_a man_n §_o 18._o the_o internal_a punishment_n ordain_v by_o god_n for_o the_o transgression_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o absence_n or_o privation_n of_o the_o former_a good_a thing_n which_o be_v a_o evil_a and_o a_o punishment_n §_o 19_o error_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o passion_n a_o real_a evil_n and_o a_o internal_a punishment_n §_o 20._o 3._o that_o such_o evil_a action_n can_v but_o be_v often_o displease_v to_o the_o person_n that_o do_v they_o §_o 21._o 4._o that_o vice_n and_o crime_n seldom_o come_v alone_o but_o let_v in_o a_o train_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n or_o worse_o along_o with_o they_o §_o 22._o 5._o that_o such_o a_o offender_n can_v get_v out_o of_o this_o state_n when_o he_o will_v at_o least_o not_o without_o the_o trouble_n of_o repentance_n §_o 23._o 6._o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n both_o from_o god_n and_o man_n §_o 24._o the_o external_a punishment_n be_v 1._o the_o evil_n that_fw-mi happen_v to_o the_o body_n from_o violent_a and_o unsociable_a passion_n §_o 25._o the_o second_o those_o return_n of_o hatred_n or_o contempt_n which_o all_o such_o man_n must_v expect_v from_o other_o §_o 26._o the_o 3d._n return_v of_o revenge_n from_o those_o they_o have_v injure_v §_o 27._o last_o those_o punishment_n which_o be_v often_o inflict_v by_o the_o civil_a power_n all_o which_o natural_a punishment_n mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v ordain_v by_o god_n §_o 28._o that_o where_o these_o punishment_n fail_v in_o this_o life_n they_o will_v be_v supply_v by_o other_o infinite_o more_o grievous_a and_o durable_a in_o that_o to_o come_v §_o 29._o a_o brief_a recapitulation_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o this_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n be_v true_o a_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o the_o condition_n requisite_a thereunto_o §_o 30._o the_o content_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n a_o brief_a repetition_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n that_o no_o man_n can_v have_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v his_o own_o life_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a etc._n etc._n that_o in_o all_o society_n the_o good_a of_o the_o lesser_a part_n must_v give_v place_n and_o be_v subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o the_o great_a §_o 1._o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o law_n will_v lead_v we_o to_o a_o
that_o of_o all_o other_o though_o such_o case_n be_v indefinite_a can_v be_v certain_o or_o distinct_o know_v §_o 8._o but_o indeed_o the_o care_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n or_o a_o few_o man_n happiness_n be_v render_v useless_a for_o the_o present_a nor_o can_v be_v hope_v for_o the_o future_a if_o it_o be_v seek_v by_o oppose_v or_o postpone_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o other_o rational_n because_o the_o mind_n be_v thus_o affect_v a_o main_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o its_o own_o felicity_n must_v needs_o still_o be_v want_v viz._n that_o inward_a peace_n of_o conscience_n proceed_v from_o a_o solid_a reason_n and_o true_a prudence_n always_o constant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o itself_o for_o whilst_o such_o a_o person_n resolve_v to_o act_v by_o one_o rule_n towards_o himself_o and_o by_o another_o towards_o all_o other_o who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o therefore_o need_v and_o require_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o himself_o he_o must_v needs_o contradict_v his_o own_o reason_n and_o so_o want_v that_o true_a joy_n and_o satisfaction_n constant_o spring_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o a_o just_a benevolent_a and_o good-natured_a person_n from_o the_o sense_n of_o another_o good_a and_o happiness_n when_o promote_v or_o procure_v by_o himself_o so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o be_v true_o happy_a who_o not_o only_o neglect_v the_o necessary_a cause_n thereof_o god_n and_o all_o other_o man_n on_o who_o help_n and_o assistance_n his_o true_a happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a whole_o depend_v but_o also_o provoke_v they_o to_o his_o certain_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a way_n which_o can_v bring_v any_o man_n to_o the_o attain_v his_o own_o particular_a happiness_n but_o that_o which_o lead_v he_o also_o to_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o other_o man_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o §_o 9_o but_o i_o here_o acknowledge_v that_o this_o proposition_n concern_v universal_a benevolence_n can_v be_v of_o sufficient_a efficacy_n for_o the_o due_a order_v our_o action_n and_o correct_v our_o manner_n until_o we_o have_v first_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n viz._n our_o own_o felicity_n in_o conjunction_n with_o that_o of_o other_o as_o our_o main_a end_n and_o that_o we_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o various_a act_n contain_v under_o this_o general_a love_n or_o benevolence_n be_v the_o only_a true_a mean_n to_o procure_v it_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o proposition_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v make_v manifest_a to_o we_o in_o the_o next_o all_o those_o other_o proposition_n that_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o thence_o such_o as_o be_v those_o less_o general_a one_o which_o determine_v concern_v the_o natural_a power_n of_o fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o filial_a affection_n as_o also_o of_o all_o other_o particular_a virtue_n necessary_a for_o the_o obtain_v any_o part_n of_o this_o humane_a felicity_n for_o as_o well_o the_o whole_a truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n as_o of_o all_o those_o which_o follow_v from_o thence_o depend_v upon_o the_o natural_a and_o necessary_a power_n of_o such_o action_n as_o real_a cause_n produce_v such_o effect_n §_o 10._o and_o though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v at_o first_o sight_n seem_v to_o detract_v from_o their_o certainty_n that_o they_o depend_v upon_o such_o a_o uncertain_a cause_n as_o man_n will._n yet_o however_o it_o suffice_v for_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n that_o whenever_o such_o voluntary_a cause_n shall_v exert_v themselves_o such_o effect_n will_v certain_o be_v produce_v thus_o in_o arithmetic_n we_o free_o add_v and_o subtract_v that_o be_v we_o can_v choose_v whether_o we_o will_v perform_v those_o operation_n or_o not_o but_o if_o we_o reckon_v true_o we_o shall_v always_o find_v the_o total_a equal_a to_o all_o the_o particular_n either_o add_v or_o subtract_v and_o there_o be_v a_o like_a certain_a and_o true_a connexion_n between_o all_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n which_o can_v be_v know_v in_o any_o other_o science_n and_o this_o i_o have_v likewise_o imitate_v in_o this_o treatise_n of_o moral_a philosophy_n by_o reduce_v all_o the_o part_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v to_o this_o one_o head_n or_o sum_n viz._n love_n or_o benevolence_n which_o idea_n i_o shall_v improve_v by_o inquire_v into_o its_o several_a kind_n and_o show_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a action_n with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o great_a end_n seek_v for_o by_o we_o §_o 11._o but_o since_o our_o voluntary_a action_n alone_o can_v be_v govern_v by_o reason_n and_o those_o only_o which_o concern_v intelligent_a agent_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o moral_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o from_o none_o of_o all_o these_o action_n we_o can_v frame_v a_o high_a or_o more_o comprehensive_a idea_n than_o this_o of_o universal_a benevolence_n which_o comprehend_v the_o willing_a and_o endeavour_v of_o all_o good_a thing_n and_o the_o removal_n or_o hinder_v of_o all_o evil_a one_o from_o those_o object_n about_o which_o it_o be_v conversant_a and_o this_o benevolence_n extend_v its_o self_n to_o all_o moral_a action_n as_o well_o those_o of_o consider_v and_o compare_v divers_a good_n with_o each_o other_o as_o of_o inquire_v into_o the_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v produce_v nor_o be_v it_o more_o certain_o true_a that_o the_o addition_n of_o several_a number_n make_v a_o sum_n total_a than_o that_o this_o benevolence_n produce_v a_o general_a good_a effect_n to_o all_o those_o towards_o who_o we_o exert_v it_o thus_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o piety_n fidelity_n gratitude_n paternal_a and_o conjugal_a affection_n together_o with_o filial_a duty_n make_v up_o the_o chief_a and_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o benevolence_n as_o that_o addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n be_v several_a part_n of_o arithmetic_n so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o material_a objection_n that_o this_o universal_a benevolence_n may_v be_v prejudice_v or_o lessen_v by_o the_o wickedness_n or_o ill-nature_n of_o men._n so_o that_o the_o great_a end_n or_o sum_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v thereby_o general_o obtain_v as_o it_o ought_v any_o more_o than_o it_o be_v a_o objection_n against_o the_o certainty_n or_o usefulness_n of_o arithmetic_n or_o geometry_n that_o some_o man_n shall_v through_o lazyness_n and_o inadvertency_n altogether_o neglect_v their_o rule_n or_o make_v false_a conclusion_n from_o those_o science_n or_o shall_v through_o ignorance_n or_o prejudice_n deny_v their_o certainty_n so_o likewise_o it_o be_v in_o the_o science_n of_o morality_n as_o contain_v in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v chief_o employ_v in_o weigh_v and_o take_v a_o true_a account_n of_o those_o humane_a power_n that_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o since_o they_o may_v vary_v somewhat_o in_o so_o great_a a_o variety_n of_o possible_a case_n he_o may_v be_v say_v and_o that_o deserve_o to_o have_v well_o perform_v this_o task_n who_o first_o affirm_v in_o general_n that_o all_o those_o power_n be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o most_o general_a and_o diffusive_a benevolence_n though_o he_o may_v be_v able_a afterward_o more_o particular_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o just_a division_n of_o thing_n fidelity_n gratitude_n and_o all_o the_o other_o virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o it_o and_o also_o show_v in_o what_o case_n they_o become_v useful_a to_o this_o end_n by_o which_o mean_v religion_n and_o humane_a society_n with_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v render_v man_n life_n happy_a and_o safe_a will_v be_v certain_o improve_v and_o advance_v and_o herein_o consist_v the_o solution_n of_o that_o most_o useful_a problem_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n procure_v by_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n which_o moral_a philosophy_n teach_v we_o to_o search_v after_o nor_o be_v the_o truth_n or_o authority_n of_o such_o precept_n at_o all_o prejudice_v or_o diminish_v though_o very_o many_o person_n will_v not_o obey_v they_o or_o will_v set_v themselves_o to_o oppose_v they_o since_o this_o only_a can_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o it_o that_o they_o will_v thereby_o lose_v their_o own_o happiness_n and_o perhaps_o may_v draw_v other_o by_o their_o false_a reason_n into_o the_o same_o misery_n and_o so_o i_o doubt_v not_o on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o that_o man_n will_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o the_o act_n that_o constitute_v this_o benevolence_n if_o they_o be_v but_o once_o convince_v that_o so_o great_a and_o noble_a a_o end_n as_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o which_o their_o own_o happiness_n be_v likewise_o contain_v will_v be_v certain_o procure_v thereby_o and_o can_v be_v have_v by_o any_o other_o or_o contrary_a mean_n
not_o some_o way_n or_o other_o either_o benefit_n or_o prejudice_n those_o thing_n which_o be_v most_o dear_a to_o other_o also_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o any_o one_o body_n in_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n communicate_v itself_o to_o many_o other_o for_o that_o great_a prerogative_n of_o knowledge_n and_o understanding_n with_o which_o man_n be_v endue_v supply_v the_o contiguity_n require_v for_o motion_n in_o other_o body_n man_n be_v often_o excite_v to_o action_n by_o certain_a arbitrary_a sign_n or_o word_n by_o which_o they_o understand_v what_o have_v be_v do_v by_o other_o in_o place_n far_o distant_a so_o also_o our_o intellect_n apprehend_v a_o likeness_n of_o desire_n and_o aversion_n between_o those_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o itself_o as_o to_o thing_n necessary_a or_o hurtful_a to_o life_n as_o also_o be_v able_a to_o remember_v other_o man_n action_n towards_o themselves_o or_o those_o they_o love_v be_v from_o thence_o excite_v to_o hope_v for_o or_o expect_v the_o like_a thing_n from_o they_o and_o be_v also_o provoke_v to_o a_o requital_n when_o occasion_n be_v offer_v such_o property_n be_v plain_o natural_a and_o constant_a in_o humane_a nature_n be_v no_o less_o efficacious_a to_o excite_v man_n to_o such_o action_n or_o motion_n than_o a_o mutual_a contact_n between_o body_n be_v to_o communicate_v motion_n between_o all_o the_o part_n of_o any_o corporeal_a system_n §_o 5._o from_o which_o natural_a observation_n it_o be_v plain_o manifest_a that_o particular_a man_n may_v hence_o learn_v that_o both_o their_o great_a security_n from_o evil_a and_o all_o their_o hope_n of_o obtain_v any_o good_a or_o assistance_n from_o other_o towards_o make_v themselves_o happy_a do_v true_o and_o necessary_o depend_v upon_o voluntary_a action_n proceed_v from_o the_o benevolence_n of_o other_o who_o do_v likewise_o themselves_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o the_o like_a mean_n for_o their_o happiness_n and_o safety_n from_o whence_o we_o easy_o perceive_v that_o these_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n of_o man_n towards_o each_o other_o be_v high_o beneficial_a to_o all_o of_o they_o and_o answer_v that_o concourse_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o that_o session_n or_o give_v place_n to_o each_o other_o which_o be_v so_o necessary_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o motion_n so_o that_o from_o this_o necessity_n of_o these_o mutual_a help_n it_z as_o necessary_o follow_v that_o he_o who_o will_v consult_v his_o own_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n shall_v procure_v as_o far_o as_o he_o be_v able_a the_o good_a will_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o since_o he_o can_v but_o be_v sensible_a that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o afford_v and_o perform_v to_o other_o divers_a like_o office_n of_o kindness_n and_o so_o be_v able_a to_o conspire_v with_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n towards_o the_o same_o end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o weak_a and_o inconsiderable_a force_n of_o any_o one_o man_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o compel_v so_o many_o other_o each_o of_o they_o equal_a if_o not_o superior_a to_o himself_o both_o in_o wit_n and_o power_n to_o yield_v he_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o their_o own_o prejudice_n whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o which_o will_v prove_v as_o impossible_a as_o that_o a_o hundred_o pound_n weight_n place_v in_o one_o scale_n of_o a_o balance_n shall_v bear_v down_o several_a other_o hundred_o weight_n put_v on_o the_o opposite_a scale_n so_o likewise_o the_o force_n and_o cunning_a of_o any_o single_a person_n be_v of_o no_o sufficient_a power_n or_o force_n against_o the_o several_a necessity_n counsel_n and_o endeavour_n of_o innumerable_a other_o towards_o their_o own_o and_o the_o common_a good_a without_o any_o consideration_n of_o his_o particular_a happiness_n alone_o therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o this_o natural_a balance_n of_o humane_a power_n that_o man_n may_v be_v more_o certain_o induce_v by_o our_o benevolence_n or_o endeavour_v of_o the_o common_a good_a to_o yield_v we_o those_o thing_n and_o assistance_n we_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o than_o by_o use_v force_n or_o deceit_n which_o mr._n h._n cive_z suppose_n even_o the_o good_a and_o virtuous_a may_v lawful_o exercise_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o only_a natural_a mean_n of_o self-preservation_n in_o his_o imaginary_a state_n of_o nature_n §_o 6._o so_o that_o from_o these_o natural_a observation_n concern_v all_o the_o mean_n necessary_a to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n and_o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o being_n therein_o contain_v we_o may_v draw_v these_o conclusion_n 1._o that_o all_o thing_n be_v so_o dispose_v that_o not_o the_o least_o quantity_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n can_v ever_o be_v lose_v but_o the_o same_o species_n of_o animal_n be_v still_o continue_v and_o be_v rather_o increase_v than_o lessen_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o opposition_n of_o the_o cruel_a passion_n and_o unruly_a appetite_n of_o some_o other_o animal_n so_o that_o in_o this_o perpetuity_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n by_o a_o continual_a succession_n of_o thing_n the_o natural_a good_a or_o conservation_n of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n consist_v and_o towards_o which_o it_o be_v carry_v according_a to_o the_o immutable_a law_n of_o motion_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o sufficient_a reason_n give_v why_o the_o conservation_n of_o mankind_n may_v not_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o establish_v by_o as_o certain_a and_o natural_a a_o power_n of_o cause_n as_o the_o successive_a generation_n of_o any_o other_o creature_n since_o they_o depend_v alike_o upon_o the_o last_a nature_n of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n and_o agree_v in_o all_o the_o essential_o of_o animal_n and_o certain_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o rational_a soul_n to_o our_o body_n do_v very_o often_o put_v we_o in_o a_o better_a condition_n than_o that_o of_o brute_n but_o can_v never_o make_v we_o in_o a_o worse_o which_o will_v be_v evident_a to_o any_o man_n that_o consider_v the_o benefit_n which_o accrue_v to_o our_o body_n from_o the_o government_n of_o our_o reason_n and_o which_o do_v abundant_o recompense_v some_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o they_o from_o the_o error_n of_o our_o mind_n nay_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o its_o error_n concern_v food_n pleasure_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o our_o body_n proceed_v from_o the_o soul_n be_v yield_v against_o the_o admonition_n of_o reason_n to_o carnal_a appetite_n and_o corporeal_a or_o animal_n passion_n 2._o that_o the_o matter_n and_o motion_n of_o all_o body_n as_o also_o of_o man_n consider_v only_o as_o such_o do_v mechanical_o or_o whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o promote_v the_o motion_n of_o that_o of_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n since_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o particular_a body_n be_v determine_v by_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n in_o short_a our_o judgement_n concern_v the_o necessary_a mean_n of_o the_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n may_v be_v convince_v from_o these_o natural_a cause_n operate_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o by_o the_o same_o natural_a law_n by_o which_o the_o corporeal_a universe_n be_v preserve_v since_o they_o consist_v in_o these_o two_o rule_n 1._o that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o particular_a person_n towards_o their_o own_o preservation_n be_v as_o plain_o necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n as_o the_o mechanic_n motion_n of_o particular_a body_n be_v to_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o whole_a corporeal_a system_n 2._o that_o the_o power_n of_o particular_a person_n by_o which_o they_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o force_n of_o other_o shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v as_o that_o like_o the_o motion_n of_o other_o body_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v destroy_v or_o lose_v to_o the_o prejudice_n or_o detriment_n of_o the_o whole_a somewhat_o like_o which_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o corporeal_a system_n of_o the_o world_n which_o proceed_v from_o its_o plenitude_n and_o the_o mutual_a contact_n of_o body_n and_o so_o extend_v themselves_o through_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o matter_n but_o it_o be_v the_o proper_a talon_n of_o humane_a reason_n and_o understanding_n to_o observe_v that_o each_o man_n be_v particular_a happiness_n do_v depend_v upon_o the_o voluntary_a action_n of_o other_o rational_n after_o a_o much_o noble_a manner_n even_o when_o they_o be_v far_o distant_a and_o can_v therefore_o take_v care_n that_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v in_o like_a manner_n conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n as_o the_o motion_n of_o all_o body_n do_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a corporeal_a system_n which_o will_v be_v true_o perform_v if_o in_o all_o voluntary_a action_n which_o respect_v other_o those_o two_o rule_n
subject_a of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o first_o be_v freedom_n in_o action_n or_o the_o power_n of_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n which_o do_v not_o only_o consist_v in_o indifferent_a thing_n as_o when_o a_o man_n of_o two_o different_a object_n choose_v which_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o be_v also_o able_a to_o choose_v a_o great_a good_a before_o a_o less_o and_o do_v likewise_o often_o prefer_v though_o unjust_o a_o present_a less_o good_a grateful_a to_o his_o sense_n before_o a_o great_a good_n approve_v of_o by_o his_o reason_n yet_o however_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o man_n by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o reason_n be_v able_a to_o move_v and_o excite_v his_o passion_n of_o love_n and_o pity_n when_o he_o see_v object_n that_o require_v his_o help_n and_o assistance_n nay_o can_v also_o by_o deliberation_n command_n and_o over-rule_v those_o domineer_a passion_n of_o lust_n anger_n and_o revenge_n etc._n etc._n when_o they_o happen_v to_o prompt_v he_o to_o action_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o own_o true_a good_a and_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o last_o man_n be_v capable_a to_o comprehend_v all_o particular_a good_n and_o to_o add_v they_o together_o into_o one_o sum_n viz._n the_o common_a and_o general_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o best_a and_o most_o noble_a end_n he_o can_v employ_v himself_o about_o be_v also_o able_a to_o divert_v his_o thought_n from_o his_o own_o private_a pleasure_n and_o profit_v alone_o and_o fix_v they_o upon_o the_o care_n of_o his_o relation_n and_o friend_n or_o the_o more_o public_a good_a of_o his_o country_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v difficult_a exact_o to_o explain_v after_o what_o manner_n we_o exert_v this_o faculty_n since_o the_o nature_n and_o act_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n be_v very_o abstruse_a yet_o i_o appeal_v to_o every_o man_n be_v own_o heart_n whether_o he_o do_v not_o find_v in_o himself_o not_o only_o a_o liberty_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v indifferent_a action_n such_o as_o go_v abroad_o or_o stay_v at_o home_n but_o likewise_o such_o as_o be_v certain_o better_o by_o a_o rational_a estimate_n if_o he_o will_v but_o give_v himself_o time_n to_o consider_v and_o weigh_v the_o nature_n and_o consequence_n of_o they_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v he_o sorry_a or_o why_o do_v he_o repent_v the_o have_v do_v any_o foolish_a wicked_a or_o rash_a action_n since_o if_o all_o action_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a it_o be_v as_o idle_a and_o insignificant_a as_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v sorry_a that_o he_o be_v not_o make_v a_o prince_n rather_o than_o a_o private_a person_n or_o instead_o of_o a_o prince_n that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o angel_n so_o that_o certain_o god_n will_v not_o then_o have_v endue_v man_n with_o these_o two_o property_n peculiar_a to_o he_o viz._n that_o of_o conscience_n or_o a_o reflection_n upon_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a of_o his_o own_o action_n and_o that_o of_o repentance_n or_o sorrow_n for_o have_v do_v amiss_o altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o both_o be_v needless_a if_o all_o action_n be_v alike_o necessitate_v §_o 28._o but_o the_o last_o and_o high_a faculty_n and_o whereby_o man_n nature_n be_v chief_o distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o brute_n be_v when_o by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o reason_n act_v by_o the_o method_n and_o mean_n here_o describe_v he_o become_v sensible_a of_o the_o existence_n providence_n and_o other_o perfection_n of_o the_o deity_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a if_o not_o impossible_a that_o this_o most_o wise_a and_o powerful_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n shall_v have_v ordain_v any_o power_n or_o faculty_n in_o man_n soul_n to_o no_o purpose_n if_o therefore_o he_o have_v endue_v man_n alone_o of_o all_o his_o creature_n with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o own_o existence_n and_o attribute_n as_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o we_o finite_a creature_n to_o conceive_v of_o they_o since_o i_o grant_v we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o comprehend_v infinite_a perfection_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o god_n shall_v endue_v man_n alone_o with_o this_o so_o excellent_a a_o knowledge_n for_o so_o useless_a a_o end_n as_o bare_a speculation_n which_o alone_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n or_o benefit_n either_o to_o himself_o or_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n who_o good_a and_o happiness_n god_n chief_o intend_v in_o their_o creation_n so_o that_o indeed_o we_o can_v apprehend_v any_o end_n more_o worthy_a his_o divine_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n in_o create_v we_o capable_a of_o these_o idea_n than_o what_o be_v practical_a that_o be_v as_o it_o some_o way_n serve_v to_o direct_v our_o action_n as_o free_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n towards_o the_o obtain_n our_o own_o good_a and_o happiness_n conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o other_o rational_a being_n nor_o can_v any_o action_n render_v we_o more_o happy_a than_o those_o that_o testify_v our_o high_a veneration_n of_o god_n infinite_a perfection_n and_o a_o deep_a sense_n of_o his_o goodness_n towards_o we_o and_o whereby_o we_o may_v be_v dispose_v to_o a_o entire_a obedience_n to_o his_o law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v whenever_o they_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o so_o that_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o these_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n derive_v their_o authority_n from_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n and_o be_v intend_v by_o he_o for_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o as_o rule_n whereby_o he_o will_v have_v we_o direct_v all_o our_o action_n to_o this_o great_a end_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v they_o and_o to_o prove_v this_o will_v be_v the_o next_o and_o great_a part_n of_o our_o task_n §_o 29._o but_o before_o i_o undertake_v this_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o treat_v a_o little_a concern_v those_o attribute_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v have_v any_o idea_n of_o they_o since_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o humane_a nature_n we_o can_v but_o be_v carry_v on_o to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o god_n himself_o and_o if_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o universe_n we_o can_v but_o conceive_v he_o of_o infinite_a power_n so_o from_o his_o act_n and_o ordain_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a and_o worthy_a end_n we_o may_v likewise_o affirm_v he_o to_o be_v also_o infinite_o wise_a and_o good_a so_o that_o his_o infinite_a power_n always_o act_v for_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a end_n be_v still_o so_o limit_v by_o his_o infinite_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n that_o it_o can_v act_n any_o thing_n destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n of_o which_o himself_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v the_o certainty_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o our_o perpetual_a obligation_n to_o it_o for_o as_o i_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o god_n can_v not_o have_v make_v the_o world_n and_o the_o thing_n therein_o after_o another_o manner_n than_o he_o have_v do_v so_o since_o he_o have_v make_v it_o in_o the_o order_n we_o now_o find_v it_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v and_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v of_o the_o same_o duration_n with_o that_o of_o the_o universe_n itself_o and_o so_o consequent_o of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o himself_o and_o all_o those_o who_o he_o have_v ordain_v to_o be_v his_o subordinate_a mean_n or_o instrument_n to_o procure_v it_o especial_o as_o man_n who_o he_o have_v make_v conscious_a of_o our_o duty_n and_o able_a to_o cooperate_a with_o he_o for_o this_o great_a and_o excellent_a end_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v reducible_a to_o one_o single_a proposition_n which_o be_v true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o thing_n necessary_a thereunto_o §_o 1._o have_v already_o in_o the_o two_o former_a chapter_n from_o the_o great_a book_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v as_o well_o that_o of_o thing_n without_o we_o as_o of_o ourselves_o in_o particular_a and_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n make_v several_a observation_n for_o the_o prove_v of_o this_o proposition_n that_o man_n be_v ordain_v by_o god_n for_o a_o sociable_a creature_n who_o be_v preservation_n and_o happiness_n be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o assistance_n and_o goodwill_n of_o god_n his_o creator_n as_o also_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v that_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o a_o return_n of_o the_o like_a benevolence_n to_o other_o for_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v better_o assure_v of_o
the_o like_a goodwill_n from_o they_o than_o by_o do_v they_o the_o same_o good_a office_n as_o often_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n which_o we_o desire_v they_o shall_v do_v for_o we_o and_o that_o this_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n man_n be_v capable_a of_o in_o this_o life_n viz._n peace_n and_o concord_n not_o only_o among_o particular_a man_n but_o also_o between_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o nation_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n consist_v so_o that_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o true_a and_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n be_v that_o of_o peace_n love_n or_o mutual_a benevolence_n and_o which_o indeed_o will_v require_v no_o other_o reward_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o itself_o be_v man_n a_o creature_n always_o govern_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o his_o own_o true_a good_a reward_v and_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v for_o man_n as_o too_o often_o govern_v by_o their_o passion_n and_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o perfection_n of_o their_o rational_a nature_n yet_o since_o it_o please_v god_n to_o create_v man_n a_o mix_a creature_n consist_v of_o a_o body_n and_o a_o soul_n and_o be_v too_o often_o draw_v aside_o by_o passion_n not_o direct_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o punishment_n as_o well_o as_o reward_n to_o keep_v he_o to_o his_o duty_n thence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o his_o deal_n with_o man_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o of_o give_v he_o certain_a natural_a law_n or_o rule_n whereby_o to_o govern_v his_o action_n with_o certain_a penalty_n and_o reward_n annex_v to_o they_o which_o law_n may_v be_v very_o well_o contract_v into_o one_o single_a proposition_n or_o practical_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o thing_n without_o we_o by_o the_o observation_n already_o lay_v down_o viz._n that_o god_n will_n or_o command_n that_o all_o reasonable_a person_n shall_v endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o great_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v create_v and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o which_o consist_v their_o own_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o in_o its_o neglect_n or_o violation_n their_o great_a misery_n §_o 2._o have_v give_v you_o this_o summary_n description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o come_v from_o its_o first_o cause_n god_n i_o shall_v now_o explain_v the_o term_n therein_o contain_v to_o avoid_v all_o ambiguity_n and_o exception_n 1_o by_o will_n and_o command_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v any_o command_n by_o word_n that_o be_v the_o method_n of_o god_n reveal_v and_o not_o natural_a will_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v here_o only_o understand_v that_o will_n or_o command_n of_o god_n which_o be_v to_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o divine_a nature_n our_o own_o and_o that_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n consist_v not_o in_o word_n but_o in_o idea_n that_o be_v true_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o right_a reason_n but_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o a_o law_n or_o that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o subject_n without_o some_o set_a form_n of_o speech_n may_v appear_v by_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a who_o we_o often_o find_v to_o have_v notion_n of_o a_o god_n and_o a_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o they_o be_v not_o convey_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o word_n or_o write_v for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n may_v be_v discover_v by_o any_o other_o sit_v mean_n or_o sign_n especial_o when_o as_o in_o this_o law_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o there_o be_v such_o certain_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o their_o observation_n or_o transgression_n as_o may_v make_v it_o their_o interest_n rather_o to_o observe_v than_o transgress_v they_o which_o be_v not_o only_o visible_a in_o man_n but_o brute_n since_o we_o see_v that_o by_o certain_a sign_n imprint_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o fit_a reward_n and_o correction_n elephant_n horse_n dog_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v susceptible_a of_o humane_a command_n and_o as_o far_o as_o their_o nature_n permit_v be_v governable_a by_o law_n of_o our_o prescribe_v for_o we_o can_v show_v they_o by_o such_o sign_n what_o action_n be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v by_o they_o and_o certain_o god_n have_v not_o leave_v we_o less_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o his_o will_n in_o reference_n to_o our_o duty_n towards_o he_o from_o that_o knowledge_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o his_o existence_n as_o also_o of_o our_o own_o nature_n as_o i_o shall_v far_o prove_v in_o this_o discourse_n by_o rational_a person_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o though_o of_o never_o so_o mean_a a_o capacity_n who_o be_v able_a to_o make_v such_o easy_a and_o natural_a observation_n and_o conclusion_n as_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o therefore_o child_n under_o the_o year_n of_o discretion_n idiot_n and_o mad-folk_n be_v still_o to_o be_v except_v from_o this_o law_n who_o not_o have_v the_o actual_a use_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v not_o able_a to_o draw_v those_o observation_n and_o consequence_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o be_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o right_a understanding_n thereof_o by_o endeavour_n i_o mean_v all_o such_o voluntary_a action_n which_o person_n of_o sound_a mind_n can_v know_o and_o deliberate_o perform_v towards_o the_o good_a of_o other_o without_o destroy_v or_o hurt_v their_o own_o true_a happiness_n which_o endeavour_n though_o by_o many_o unforeseen_a accident_n in_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n they_o may_v be_v often_o frustrate_v and_o so_o fail_v of_o their_o intend_a design_n yet_o when_o we_o have_v do_v the_o utmost_a we_o be_v able_a we_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v our_o duty_n since_o no_o law_n require_v the_o performance_n of_o more_o than_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o perform_v by_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o understand_v the_o collective_a happiness_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o the_o head_n of_o they_o and_o that_o of_o all_o the_o individual_a person_n of_o mankind_n exist_v together_o with_o we_o as_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o each_o man_n be_v particular_a good_a and_o happiness_n be_v include_v since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o endeavour_v the_o happiness_n of_o other_o as_o voluntary_a agent_n unless_o each_o particular_a person_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v so_o to_o do_v have_v first_o a_o right_a to_o preserve_v and_o make_v himself_o happy_a joint_o with_o other_o in_o his_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n by_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o good_n whether_o of_o body_n or_o mind_n by_o which_o man_n may_v be_v render_v true_o happy_a and_o content_v in_o this_o life_n and_o in_o that_o to_o come_v but_o in_o which_o whenever_o the_o former_a stand_n in_o competition_n with_o the_o latter_a the_o good_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o be_v the_o good_a of_o our_o better_a or_o eternal_a part_n before_o that_o of_o our_o body_n which_o be_v less_o valuable_a and_o temporal_a but_o i_o need_v add_v nothing_o here_o to_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o head_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n we_o may_v be_v say_v to_o procure_v or_o endeavour_v his_o good_a and_o happiness_n since_o i_o have_v speak_v so_o large_o of_o that_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o discourse_n and_o as_o for_o the_o difference_n between_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a i_o have_v say_v so_o much_o concern_v it_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o the_o confutation_n of_o mr._n h_n six_o principle_n that_o by_o nature_n nothing_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a that_o it_o will_v be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v it_o here_o i_o shall_v now_o prove_v that_o this_o proposition_n contain_v this_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v true_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v to_o we_o by_o what_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v of_o his_o divine_a nature_n or_o can_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o that_o all_o the_o moral_a duty_n we_o owe_v either_o to_o god_n ourselves_o or_o other_o be_v contain_v in_o or_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o proposition_n §_o 3._o 1._o that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o place_n will_n and_o intend_v his_o own_o glory_n and_o service_n and_o in_o the_o next_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a person_n
within_o that_o law_n but_o in_o humane_a law_n because_o they_o may_v enjoin_v something_o amiss_o there_o a_o right_n be_v often_o leave_v to_o we_o to_o choose_v rather_o to_o bear_v the_o penalty_n than_o to_o obey_v they_o because_o we_o be_v oblige_v rather_o to_o obey_v god_n than_o man_n in_o case_n they_o command_v any_o action_n contrary_a to_o the_o divine_a law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 8._o for_o the_o further_a clear_v of_o this_o i_o shall_v premise_v somewhat_o to_o explain_v this_o word_n obligation_n which_o the_o civilian_n thus_o define_v obligatio_fw-la est_fw-la vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la astringitur_fw-la debitum_fw-la persolvere_fw-la that_o be_v a_o obligation_n be_v that_o bond_n of_o law_n whereby_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o debt_n or_o due_a which_o definition_n do_v well_o include_v all_o sort_n of_o obligation_n if_o by_o the_o word_n ius_n or_o law_n we_o understand_v that_o law_n who_o obligation_n we_o propose_v to_o define_v so_o that_o by_o vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o this_o definition_n we_o understand_v that_o bond_n or_o tie_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v this_o natural_a debt_n i._n e._n to_o perform_v that_o duty_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o god_n his_o creator_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o own_o rational_a nature_n or_o else_o to_o undergo_v those_o punishment_n which_o be_v ordain_v for_o his_o disobedience_n or_o neglect_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a tie_n or_o obligation_n in_o all_o law_n the_o one_o active_a in_o the_o debt_n or_o duty_n the_o other_o passive_a in_o a_o patient_a submission_n to_o the_o punishment_n in_o case_n of_o any_o wilful_a neglect_n or_o omission_n thereof_o of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o but_o you_o be_v first_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o none_o can_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n but_o such_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o command_v we_o so_o that_o this_o obligation_n proceed_v from_o that_o just_a right_n of_o dominion_n which_o a_o superior_a power_n have_v over_o we_o and_o our_o action_n and_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v subject_a to_o other_o we_o be_v so_o far_o under_o a_o obligation_n to_o their_o lawful_a command_n which_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o discharge_n of_o that_o debt_n or_o duty_n we_o owe_v they_o that_o be_v when_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n from_o the_o will_n or_o command_v of_o a_o supreme_a power_n or_o legislator_n to_o who_o when_o sufficient_o make_v know_v to_o we_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o obligation_n or_o duty_n viz._n in_o the_o conformity_n of_o our_o action_n to_o a_o rule_n such_o as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n so_o that_o all_o our_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o that_o absolute_a dominion_n which_o god_n as_o he_o be_v the_o great_a creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o mankind_n have_v over_o we_o for_o i_o can_v understand_v a_o right_n especial_o of_o dominion_n to_o be_v invest_v or_o seat_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o something_o which_o may_v be_v call_v at_o least_o analogical_o a_o law_n 2._o that_o every_o dictate_v of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n concern_v matter_n fit_a to_o be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n be_v such_o a_o law_n and_o so_o cicero_n the_o best_a master_n of_o language_n speak_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la 3._o that_o the_o eternal_a wisdom_n of_o god_n contain_v eminent_o or_o analogical_o in_o it_o all_o that_o we_o can_v know_v to_o be_v natural_a law_n 4._o but_o to_o know_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a law_n or_o the_o dictate_v of_o true_a reason_n concern_v the_o fit_a mean_n to_o the_o best_a end_n or_o great_a good_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o supreme_a government_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o especial_o of_o rational_a creature_n shall_v be_v in_o he_o who_o be_v most_o able_a and_o willing_a to_o pursue_v and_o attain_v that_o great_a end_n that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v settle_v in_o god._n 5._o so_o that_o by_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n or_o of_o perform_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a end_n the_o sovereignty_n become_v his_o right_n and_o our_o knowledge_n that_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n be_v in_o he_o assure_v we_o that_o this_o right_n be_v immutable_o fix_v and_o vest_v in_o he_o 6._o although_o in_o the_o method_n of_o investigate_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o they_o subsist_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o first_o law_n respect_v the_o end_n and_o this_o concern_v the_o mean_n come_v in_o the_o second_o place_n yet_o in_o our_o thought_n concern_v god_n we_o know_v that_o infinite_a wisdom_n comprehend_v all_o these_o dictate_v together_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o dictate_v or_o law_n settle_v universal_a dominion_n in_o god_n be_v coeternal_a with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v as_o early_o in_o his_o nature_n as_o the_o first_o natural_a law_n the_o obligation_n of_o which_o we_o be_v establish_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o here_o arise_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o moral_a obligation_n which_o be_v that_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o and_o a_o civil_a one_o or_o that_o by_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o law_n in_o civil_a government_n the_o former_a be_v in_o respect_n to_o god_n immediate_a will_n as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n whereas_o all_o the_o duty_n we_o owe_v to_o our_o civil_a magistrate_n parent_n and_o master_n etc._n etc._n be_v only_o in_o subordination_n to_o ggd_n will_n so_o declare_v unto_o we_o and_o who_o have_v ordain_v this_o obedience_n for_o his_o own_o worship_n and_o glory_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 10._o yet_o i_o think_v notwithstanding_o all_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o force_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n it_o may_v well_o enough_o consist_v with_o the_o natural_a freedom_n of_o man_n will_n since_o all_o these_o consideration_n do_v still_o but_o excite_v not_o necessitate_v he_o to_o act_v one_o way_n or_o other_o for_o it_o be_v still_o leave_v in_o his_o power_n either_o to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a in_o obey_v this_o will_n of_o god_n or_o else_o to_o prefer_v a_o less_o present_a good_a before_o it_o in_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o herein_o likewise_o consist_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o animal_n good_a or_o evil_a and_o a_o moral_a one_o the_o former_a be_v those_o natural_a mean_n conduce_v to_o each_o man_n preservation_n or_o destruction_n consider_v as_o a_o mere_a animal_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o god_n as_o their_o author_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o their_o rule_n the_o latter_a that_o be_v of_o all_o humane_a moral_a action_n or_o habit_n consider_v as_o agreeable_a or_o disagreeable_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ordain_v by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o make_v know_v to_o man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n so_o that_o they_o be_v thus_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a only_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o as_o their_o observance_n or_o neglect_v bring_v either_o good_a or_o evil_a that_o be_v happiness_n or_o misery_n upon_o we_o in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o necessity_n of_o put_v god_n in_o all_o our_o description_n or_o definition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o author_n thereof_o for_o be_v it_o not_o for_o his_o existence_n in_o who_o divine_a intellect_n the_o idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a be_v eternal_o establish_v and_o into_o who_o will_n so_o ordain_v they_o they_o be_v ultimate_o to_o be_v resolve_v mr._n h.'s_n or_o rather_o epicurus_n assertion_n will_v certain_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o it_o may_v here_o be_v also_o observe_v that_o the_o great_a omission_n of_o divers_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a in_o not_o place_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n or_o author_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o their_o definition_n have_v be_v perhaps_o the_o main_a if_o not_o only_a reason_n of_o that_o false_a assertion_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o so_o till_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a power_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o god_n will_n or_o command_v all_o man_n shall_v
endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o great_a they_o be_v capable_a of_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n by_o all_o the_o tie_v of_o duty_n and_o gratitude_n to_o concur_v with_o god_n will_n and_o design_n in_o pursue_v and_o endeavour_v this_o great_a end_n §_o 11._o but_o since_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v man_n a_o creature_n consist_v of_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a part_n or_o principle_n a_o soul_n and_o a_o body_n both_o capable_a of_o good_a and_o evil_a i._n e._n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o duty_n or_o obligation_n by_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o all_o the_o rational_a motive_n or_o reward_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n and_o deter_v by_o all_o the_o contrary_a evil_n or_o punishment_n from_o neglect_v or_o transgress_v it_o in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o plain_a axiom_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o learned_a bishop_n wilkin_n excellent_a discourse_n of_o natural_a religion_n axiom_n 1._o that_o which_o be_v moral_o good_a i.e._n agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v and_o prosecute_v and_o that_o which_o be_v evil_a i._n e._n contrary_a to_o his_o will_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v ax._n 2._o the_o great_a congruity_n there_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o great_a tendency_n it_o have_v to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v the_o perfection_n of_o man_n nature_n in_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a so_o much_o great_a degree_n it_o have_v of_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o according_a to_o which_o we_o ought_v to_o proportion_v our_o inclination_n or_o aversion_n thereunto_o ax._n 3_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suitable_a both_o to_o the_o reason_n and_o interest_n of_o mankind_n that_o all_o person_n shall_v submit_v themselves_o to_o god_n will_n upon_o who_o they_o depend_v for_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a by_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o may_v render_v they_o acceptable_a to_o he_o and_o avoid_v those_o contrary_a action_n which_o may_v provoke_v his_o displeasure_n that_o be_v in_o short_a in_o prosecute_a the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n ax._n 4._o hence_o the_o rational_a nature_n and_o the_o perfection_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o sensitive_a a_o moral_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o animal_n pleasure_n and_o that_o which_o be_v moral_o evil_a be_v more_o to_o be_v avoid_v than_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o animal_n ax._n 5._o a_o present_a animal_n good_a may_v be_v part_v with_o upon_o a_o probable_a expectation_n of_o a_o great_a future_a moral_n good_n ax._n 6._o a_o present_a evil_n be_v to_o be_v endure_v for_o the_o probable_a avoid_n of_o a_o great_a though_o future_a evil._n but_o since_o all_o the_o reward_n which_o god_n can_v bestow_v upon_o we_o for_o our_o observe_v this_o fundamental_a law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n do_v only_o amount_v to_o the_o true_a and_o high_a happiness_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o we_o sufficient_o state_n that_o happiness_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o two_o plain_a proposition_n §_o 12._o prop._n 1._o that_o which_o give_v or_o constitute_v the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v call_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o that_o thing_n prop._n 2._o that_o state_n or_o condition_n by_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o according_a to_o its_o kind_n be_v call_v the_o chief_a end_n good_a or_o happiness_n of_o such_o a_o be_v thus_o for_o example_n to_o give_v you_o a_o scale_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o being_n we_o know_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o life_n or_o motion_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o plant_n consist_v in_o have_v a_o vegetative_a life_n by_o which_o they_o receive_v nourishment_n and_o growth_n and_o be_v enable_v to_o multiply_v their_o kind_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o this_o kind_n of_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o a_o state_n of_o maturity_n to_o continue_v unto_o its_o natural_a period_n and_o to_o propagate_v its_o kind_n 2._o the_o nature_n of_o brutus_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o plant_n consist_v in_o their_o be_v endue_v with_o faculty_n whereby_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o apprehend_v external_a object_n and_o of_o receive_v pain_n or_o pleasure_n from_o they_o in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o these_o consist_v in_o mere_a sensitive_a pleasure_n i_o e._n of_o do_v and_o enjoy_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v grateful_a to_o their_o appetite_n and_o sense_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o he_o with_o plant_n and_o brute_n both_o in_o the_o vegetative_a and_o sensitive_a life_n consist_v in_o the_o faculty_n of_o right_a reason_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o its_o reward_n and_o punishment_n either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o that_o to_o come_v to_o induce_v he_o to_o their_o observation_n and_o deter_v he_o from_o the_o transgression_n of_o they_o which_o sentiment_n as_o no_o creature_n in_o this_o visible_a world_n except_o man_n do_v partake_v of_o so_o his_o chief_a good_a or_o happiness_n consist_v in_o the_o improvement_n and_o perfection_n of_o this_o faculty_n that_o be_v in_o such_o action_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o as_o may_v best_o entitle_v he_o to_o the_o divine_a favour_n and_o afford_v he_o the_o great_a assurance_n of_o a_o last_a happiness_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o after_o it_o be_v end_v so_o that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o voluntary_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o capable_a of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v call_v moral_a as_o be_v direct_v by_o god_n the_o supreme_a legislator_n to_o the_o great_a and_o most_o excellent_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 13._o have_v lay_v down_o these_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a in_o order_n to_o the_o settle_n and_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n particular_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n those_o reward_n which_o god_n have_v ordain_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a and_o those_o punishment_n he_o have_v appoint_v for_o its_o breach_n or_o transgression_n but_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o that_o all_o obligation_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n arise_v proper_o from_o the_o command_v of_o some_o rightful_a superior_a power_n that_o be_v such_o a_o one_o who_o have_v not_o only_o force_v sufficient_a to_o inflict_v what_o evil_n he_o please_v upon_o the_o disobedient_a but_o who_o have_v also_o give_v we_o just_a ground_n or_o reason_n wherefore_o he_o require_v we_o to_o determine_v the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o our_o will_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n both_o which_o whenever_o they_o meet_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n and_o that_o he_o have_v once_o signify_v his_o will_n to_o we_o aught_o to_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n not_o only_o fear_v to_o offend_v but_o also_o a_o love_n of_o and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n the_o former_a from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n the_o latter_a from_o their_o own_o intrinseck_n goodness_n as_o also_o from_o all_o those_o motive_n which_o ought_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o perform_v his_o will._n for_o as_o one_o who_o have_v no_o other_o reason_n than_o downright_a force_n why_o he_o will_v have_v i_o perform_v and_o submit_v to_o his_o command_n whether_o i_o will_v or_o no_o may_v indeed_o so_o far_o terrify_v i_o that_o to_o avoid_v a_o great_a evil_n i_o may_v think_v it_o best_o to_o obey_v he_o yet_o that_o fear_v once_o remove_v there_o will_v then_o remain_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v i_o from_o act_v according_a to_o my_o own_o rather_o than_o his_o will_n or_o humour_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o who_o can_v give_v i_o never_o so_o good_a reason_n why_o i_o ought_v to_o obey_v he_o yet_o if_o destitute_a of_o power_n to_o inflict_v any_o punishment_n upon_o i_o for_o my_o disobedience_n such_o his_o command_n may_v without_o any_o outward_a inconvenience_n be_v neglect_v by_o
establish_v there_o be_v therein_o contain_v the_o large_a and_o most_o diffusive_a society_n between_o divers_a nation_n or_o commonweal_n and_o the_o true_a love_n and_o benevolence_n between_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o same_o commonweal_n as_o also_o between_o particular_a family_n so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v hence_o demonstrate_v and_o determine_v the_o certain_a rule_n and_o measure_n of_o true_a piety_n towards_o god_n as_o distinguish_v from_o impiety_n and_o superstition_n and_o also_o of_o all_o other_o virtue_n towards_o man_n which_o must_v be_v first_o true_o know_v and_o apply_v to_o their_o right_a object_n that_o the_o name_n of_o these_o virtue_n when_o false_o impose_v on_o action_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n may_v not_o deceive_v we_o for_o it_o be_v hence_o evident_a that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o universal_a justice_n and_o benevolence_n viz._n all_o the_o particular_a virtue_n contain_v under_o they_o be_v only_o command_v in_o order_n to_o this_o common_a good_a because_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n that_o such_o just_a and_o benevolent_a action_n be_v always_o endue_v with_o a_o natural_a power_n of_o procure_v and_o promote_a the_o common_a peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o divers_a nation_n and_o commonweal_n as_o also_o of_o lesser_a society_n and_o particular_a person_n of_o all_o which_o consider_v in_o their_o due_a order_n and_o subordination_n to_o each_o other_o this_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n be_v make_v up_o and_o consist_v §_o 21._o and_o farther_z it_o may_v be_v hence_o clear_o show_v what_o be_v that_o right_a reason_n by_o which_o every_o prudent_a man_n ought_v to_o prescribe_v to_o himself_o a_o just_a mediocrity_n in_o all_o his_o moral_a action_n for_o it_o only_o consist_v in_o practical_a proposition_n propose_v or_o declare_v to_o we_o this_o great_a end_n and_o also_o show_v we_o all_o the_o mean_n in_o our_o power_n whereby_o we_o may_v attain_v it_o which_o be_v those_o that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n prescribe_v the_o rule_n of_o piety_n and_o divine_a worship_n both_o private_a and_o public_a 2._o those_o that_o concern_v the_o society_n and_o commerce_n of_o divers_a nation_n and_o commonweal_n 3._o all_o positive_a law_n whether_o civil_a or_o domestic_a tend_v to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o civil_a society_n wherein_o we_o live_v 4._o true_a and_o rational_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o knowledge_n or_o experience_n either_o of_o ourselves_o or_o other_o concern_v the_o natural_a efficacy_n of_o thing_n and_o action_n all_o which_o be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o the_o natural_a power_n of_o such_o humane_a action_n as_o may_v either_o benefit_n or_o hurt_v mankind_n consider_v apart_o or_o in_o a_o aggregate_v body_n as_o in_o a_o family_n or_o nation_n since_o experience_n do_v not_o with_o less_o certainty_n teach_v we_o what_o kind_n of_o action_n be_v beneficial_a or_o hurtful_a to_o mankind_n than_o it_o show_v what_o sort_n of_o diet_n will_v either_o nourish_v or_o destroy_v we_o nor_o be_v it_o more_o difficult_a to_o understand_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n that_o a_o right_a or_o equal_a distribution_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n be_v requisite_a to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n than_o it_o be_v to_o know_v in_o physic_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o life_n and_o health_n of_o a_o animal_n that_o a_o due_a proportion_n of_o nourishment_n be_v equal_o distribute_v to_o all_o its_o part_n or_o member_n both_o which_o truth_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o same_o natural_a principle_n viz._n that_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o preserve_v the_o whole_a do_v also_o preserve_v all_o its_o part_n and_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la the_o same_o thing_n which_o preserve_v all_o the_o part_n or_o member_n do_v likewise_o serve_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a which_o be_v evident_a from_o true_a principle_n be_v a_o science_n teach_v by_o experience_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n §_o 22._o and_o thâ—â—_n from_o the_o immutable_a efficacy_n of_o corporeal_a cause_n of_o this_o sort_n for_o the_o production_n of_o their_o effect_n on_o all_o humane_a body_n depend_v all_o the_o certainty_n and_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o physic_n so_o likewise_o from_o their_o immutable_a influence_n or_o power_n on_o humane_a action_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o particular_a person_n family_n and_o commonweal_n proceed_v all_o the_o certainty_n of_o those_o practical_a proposition_n call_v natural_a law_n which_o constitute_v moral_n philosophy_n show_v and_o determine_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o vice_n nor_o be_v that_o variety_n of_o action_n which_o may_v be_v prescribe_v to_o person_n in_o distinct_a family_n or_o commonweal_n and_o under_o various_a circumstance_n of_o life_n more_o repugnant_a to_o the_o constant_a care_n of_o preserve_v all_o the_o part_n or_o member_n which_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n than_o the_o diversity_n of_o deity_n and_o way_n of_o live_v peculiar_a to_o divers_a climate_n age_n or_o constitution_n of_o man_n body_n be_v to_o the_o constant_a care_n that_o all_o man_n have_v of_o preserve_v their_o own_o life_n and_o health_n according_a to_o the_o several_a necessity_n of_o their_o nature_n for_o as_o in_o these_o we_o can_v by_o do_v whatever_o we_o will_v promote_v this_o end_n but_o nature_n have_v put_v some_o limit_n thereunto_o although_o our_o weak_a understanding_n can_v attain_v to_o a_o nice_a or_o mathematical_a exactness_n in_o assign_v they_o as_o we_o may_v live_v long_o and_o healthful_o enough_o without_o weigh_v our_o meat_n and_o drink_n like_o lessius_fw-la so_o we_o may_v likewise_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n although_o we_o do_v not_o always_o perform_v that_o which_o be_v absolute_o or_o simple_o best_o in_o all_o case_n it_o be_v as_o much_o as_o god_n the_o legislator_n require_v if_o we_o true_o endeavour_v it_o and_o contribute_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a unto_o this_o great_a end_n §_o 23._o in_o the_o last_o place_n i_o shall_v here_o repeat_v what_o i_o have_v before_o lay_v down_o that_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o all_o natural_a good_n and_o the_o great_a of_o all_o other_o so_o it_o be_v the_o true_a standard_n of_o all_o other_o good_n either_o natural_a or_o moral_a so_o that_o by_o our_o compare_v they_o with_o this_o we_o may_v true_o determine_v whether_o they_o be_v great_a or_o less_o than_o each_o other_o and_o so_o whether_o they_o be_v principal_o to_o be_v desire_v and_o seek_v after_o or_o to_o be_v postpone_v to_o other_o great_a good_n likewise_o the_o same_o measure_n where_o the_o proportion_n of_o these_o good_n be_v take_v give_v we_o a_o true_a estimate_n of_o all_o the_o contrary_a evil_n and_o so_o show_v we_o what_o be_v more_o or_o less_o to_o be_v avoid_v or_o repent_v of_o §_o 24._o we_o may_v also_o hence_o learn_v what_o degree_n of_o passion_n or_o affection_n be_v lawful_a for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o only_o such_o a_o proportion_n of_o affection_n be_v require_v as_o be_v congruous_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n and_o exact_o answer_v the_o true_a estimate_n of_o those_o good_a or_o evil_a thing_n by_o which_o they_o be_v excite_v but_o since_o the_o government_n of_o our_o appetite_n and_o passion_n be_v a_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o that_o on_o which_o all_o our_o virtue_n and_o happiness_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o power_n depend_v which_o government_n proceed_v from_o our_o knowledge_n of_o a_o true_a measure_n of_o all_o good_n and_o evil_n according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v therefore_o i_o shall_v be_v the_o large_a in_o explain_v what_o i_o have_v a_o little_a before_o lay_v down_o viz._n that_o the_o common_a good_a aught_o to_o be_v the_o standard_n of_o all_o our_o affection_n and_o passion_n as_o be_v so_o ordain_v by_o god_n and_o determine_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v evident_a in_o that_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v this_o common_a good_a to_o be_v that_o great_a end_n to_o who_o prosecution_n all_o man_n be_v natural_o oblige_v by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n who_o must_v have_v give_v we_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o good_a or_o evil_a to_o little_a purpose_n unless_o he_o have_v also_o give_v we_o a_o rule_n by_o which_o we_o may_v judge_v of_o the_o several_a measure_n or_o degree_n of_o this_o goodness_n so_o that_o this_o common_a good_a be_v once_o establish_v as_o a_o certain_a measure_n or_o standard_n for_o this_o end_n the_o good_a of_o each_o particular_a person_n will_v bear_v such_o a_o proportion_n to_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o rational_n as_o the_o soundness_n of_o any_o one_o member_n do_v to_o the_o
beside_o himself_o and_o that_o he_o do_v true_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n towards_o himself_o by_o a_o temperate_a and_o a_o rational_a life_n as_o also_o towards_o his_o neighbour_n by_o observe_v that_o great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o he_o will_v be_v do_v by_o in_o all_o case_n towards_o other_o i_o say_v such_o a_o man_n though_o never_o so_o simple_a and_o ignorant_a in_o other_o thing_n do_v real_o contribute_v his_o share_n of_o endeavour_n towards_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a and_o though_o he_o may_v not_o distinct_o know_v all_o the_o true_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o his_o own_o action_n yet_o if_o he_o thus_o lead_v his_o life_n and_o observe_v all_o these_o rule_n tend_v to_o this_o end_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o he_o will_v meet_v with_o all_o those_o reward_n intend_v by_o god_n for_o virtuous_a action_n provide_v he_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o or_o at_o least_o wilful_o refuse_v the_o more_o perfect_a law_n of_o the_o gospel_n deliver_v by_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n when_o due_o propose_v to_o he_o thus_o a_o country_n carpenter_n may_v deserve_v sufficient_a wage_n and_o commendation_n if_o he_o can_v build_v a_o house_n and_o honest_o perform_v his_o work_n according_a to_o those_o few_o practical_a rule_n he_o have_v learn_v though_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v all_o the_o principle_n of_o geometry_n or_o architecture_n according_a to_o which_o all_o that_o he_o have_v wrought_v may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o he_o if_o he_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o understand_v they_o §_o 6._o there_o be_v another_o objection_n which_o this_o sort_n of_o man_n may_v make_v against_o our_o method_n of_o find_v out_o and_o demonstrate_v this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n in_o that_o i_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v it_o to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n to_o himself_o alone_o whereby_o it_o may_v seem_v as_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n be_v to_o be_v postpone_v and_o make_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n to_o satisfy_v which_o scruple_n i_o do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n affirm_v that_o we_o do_v not_o intend_v any_o such_o thing_n since_o we_o have_v all_o along_o endeavour_v to_o establish_v the_o quite_o contrary_a doctrine_n for_o i_o assert_v that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o right_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o his_o own_o life_n or_o be_v but_o in_o order_n and_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o service_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o more_o distinct_o declare_v how_o these_o though_o some_o may_v think_v they_o contrary_a to_o each_o other_o do_v very_o well_o consist_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o our_o natural_a obligation_n to_o this_o law_n be_v not_o discover_v by_o we_o in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o method_n as_o it_o be_v constitute_v by_o god_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n for_o our_o weak_a finite_a understanding_n when_o act_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o divine_a revelation_n do_v slow_o enough_o at_o first_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o individual_a or_o single_a thing_n and_o thence_o take_v rise_v from_o such_o common_a effect_n as_o be_v most_o obvious_a to_o our_o sense_n proceed_v to_o their_o more_o obstruse_a cause_n until_o at_o length_n discover_v one_o infinite_a be_v call_v god_n to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o from_o thence_o collect_v not_o only_o what_o be_v his_o nature_n but_o also_o what_o be_v his_o will_n whereby_o we_o do_v not_o only_o find_v that_o he_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a be_v but_o that_o as_o such_o he_o will_v and_o procure_v the_o good_a and_o preservation_n not_o of_o some_o few_o singular_n alone_o but_o of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v have_v we_o man_n cooperate_v as_o subordinate_a though_o free_a agent_n to_o this_o end_n as_o the_o great_a and_o worthy_a we_o can_v undertake_v which_o though_o it_o be_v the_o last_o thing_n we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o yet_o be_v that_o which_o be_v first_o and_o chief_o intend_v by_o god_n as_o the_o principal_a object_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a this_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o thing_n thus_o learn_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n be_v intend_v by_o god_n only_o to_o serve_v as_o step_n to_o raise_v we_o to_o that_o large_a knowledge_n and_o noble_a desire_n of_o pursue_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a duty_n and_o that_o our_o will_n and_o affection_n towards_o this_o end_n be_v not_o to_o be_v regulate_v or_o direct_v in_o the_o same_o order_n by_o which_o this_o common_a good_a come_v to_o be_v discover_v i._n e._n with_o a_o respect_n to_o ourselves_o alone_o but_o from_o a_o true_a judgement_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o that_o natural_a good_a and_o perfection_n therein_o contain_v so_o that_o though_o we_o be_v at_o first_o indeed_o excite_v to_o the_o procure_v our_o own_o happiness_n as_o the_o prime_n and_o most_o natural_a motive_n of_o all_o our_o action_n yet_o we_o come_v at_o last_o upon_o better_a consideration_n to_o discover_v that_o this_o happiness_n of_o we_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o conservation_n of_o any_o of_o our_o particular_a member_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o health_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n §_o 7._o and_o this_o proposition_n that_o every_o single_a man_n good_a be_v contain_v in_o the_o common-good_a prove_v indeed_o that_o the_o sanction_n of_o this_o general_a law_n be_v by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n to_o every_o single_a man_n but_o that_o every_o be_v not_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o myself_o or_o any_o one_o man_n alone_o but_o extend_v alike_o to_o each_o other_o man_n or_o all_o man_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o word_n every_o man_n collective_o take_v amount_v to_o all_o man_n as_o every_o part_n collective_o take_v signify_v the_o whole_a and_o though_o the_o main_a end_n intend_v by_o god_n the_o legislator_n from_o such_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v obedience_n to_o his_o law_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n as_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v indeed_o of_o much_o great_a value_n to_o he_o than_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o one_o single_a person_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o detract_v from_o the_o perfection_n or_o sincerity_n of_o this_o obedience_n if_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o man_n be_v own_o particular_a happiness_n or_o misery_n he_o thereby_o come_v to_o consider_v and_o understand_v that_o god_n have_v command_v he_o to_o pursue_v a_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n than_o that_o alone_o yet_o to_o which_o his_o own_o happiness_n or_o misery_n be_v inseparable_o connect_v §_o 8._o i_o come_v in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o these_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v by_o man_n of_o quite_o contrary_a principle_n and_o who_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o either_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o propose_v this_o common_a good_a as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n their_o first_o objection_n may_v be_v this_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n infinite_a goodness_n and_o power_n and_o wisdom_n in_o the_o government_n of_o mankind_n if_o he_o do_v real_o intend_v its_o good_a and_o happiness_n as_o we_o here_o suppose_v to_o permit_v so_o great_a a_o design_n to_o be_v so_o often_o disturb_v if_o not_o quite_o frustrate_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o various_a passion_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n of_o so_o many_o violent_a wicked_a and_o unjust_a man_n which_o if_o mankind_n be_v well_o consider_v do_v make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o aggregate_v body_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n i_o may_v tell_v those_o that_o make_v it_o that_o the_o true_a original_n of_o that_o deprave_a state_n of_o mankind_n and_o from_o which_o all_o that_o disorder_n which_o we_o now_o find_v in_o humane_a nature_n be_v derive_v be_v the_o fall_n of_o adam_n the_o first_o father_n of_o mankind_n who_o thereby_o convey_v a_o weakness_n of_o reason_n and_o that_o prevail_a power_n which_o we_o feel_v in_o our_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o passion_n to_o all_o his_o posterity_n whereby_o man_n be_v become_v very_o prone_a to_o evil_a and_o too_o apt_a to_o transgress_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o this_o because_o the_o
that_o proceed_n from_o god_n and_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n it_o have_v all_o the_o condition_n require_v to_o a_o law_n that_o the_o defect_n of_o other_o writer_n in_o not_o take_v the_o like_a method_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o mr._n h's_o and_o other_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n this_o law_n not_o be_v give_v in_o any_o sâ—t_a form_n of_o word_n no_o objection_n against_o its_o certainty_n or_o plainness_n sect._n 2._o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o thing_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v know_v even_o by_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a mr._n h._n acknowledge_v these_o law_n to_o be_v proper_o so_o as_o proceed_v from_o god_n his_o allow_v that_o those_o law_n oblige_v only_o to_o a_o desire_n or_o endeavour_v of_o the_o mind_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v observe_v a_o mere_a evasion_n answer_v to_o his_o objection_n of_o the_o want_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n he_o himself_o have_v obviate_v this_o by_o confess_v in_o his_o leu._n that_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o natural_a reward_n and_o punishment_n if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o law_n than_o there_o be_v no_o natural_a right_n proper_o so_o call_v sect._n 3_o answer_v to_o his_o main_a reason_n that_o we_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o external_a act_n for_o want_v of_o sufficient_a security_n that_o if_o this_o be_v a_o sufficient_a objection_n then_o neither_o civil_a law_n will_v oblige_v divine_a punishment_n as_o certain_a as_o humane_a sect._n 4._o that_o man_n great_a security_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a observation_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n mr._n h._n in_o some_o place_n acknowledge_v that_o if_o we_o do_v not_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v fall_v into_o other_o evil_n beside_o those_o that_o proceed_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o men._n sect._n 5._o two_o reason_n propose_v show_v the_o falseness_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o mr._n h._n the_o one_o the_o declaration_n of_o all_o civil_a sovereign_n concern_v man_n innocency_n till_o accuse_v the_o other_o from_o mr._n h_n own_o concession_n of_o a_o much_o great_a insecurity_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o their_o non-observation_n viz._n a_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o which_o be_v the_o most_o miserable_a state_n of_o all_o other_o sect._n 6_o 7._o the_o head_n of_o the_o ten_o principle_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v alterable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o consequence_n of_o his_o former_a principle_n that_o nothing_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n his_o argument_n for_o this_o principle_n because_o it_o proceed_v from_o civil_a law_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v distinct_a right_n to_o himself_o as_o also_o shall_v not_o invade_v those_o of_o other_o it_o follow_v that_o these_o precept_n thou_o shall_v honour_v thy_o parent_n thou_o shall_v not_o kill_v etc._n etc._n be_v civil_a law_n and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n prescribe_v the_o same_o thing_n yet_o implicit_o for_o the_o same_o law_n command_v all_o compact_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o that_o to_o yield_v obedience_n when_o obedience_n be_v due_a be_v covenant_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o therefore_o whatever_o civil_a sovereign_n command_v concern_v these_o thing_n must_v be_v obey_v since_o they_o alone_o can_v appoint_v what_o shall_v be_v you_o or_o another_o or_o what_o shall_v be_v murder_n theft_n etc._n etc._n sect._n 1_o nothing_o write_v by_o mr._n h._n more_o wicked_o or_o loose_o nor_o wherein_o he_o more_o contradict_v himself_o than_o in_o this_o principle_n the_o main_a foundation_n of_o which_o be_v already_o destroy_v no_o compact_n make_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o any_o commonwealth_n which_o can_v be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o dreadful_a consequence_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o the_o contrary_a principle_n mr._n h._n allow_v even_o idolatry_n itself_o to_o be_v lawful_a if_o command_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n that_o the_o secondary_a law_n of_o nature_n can_v never_o contradict_v or_o alter_v those_o that_o be_v prior_n to_o they_o as_o more_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a though_o civil_a law_n may_v restrain_v or_o enlarge_v several_a particular_a instance_n his_o example_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a boy_n answer_v sect._n 2._o a_o conclude_v instance_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o from_o that_o law_n of_o we_o against_o relieve_v wander_a beggar_n sect._n 3_o uncertain_a whether_o mr._n h._n broach_v this_o dangerous_a doctrine_n out_o of_o ignorance_n or_o design_n of_o flatter_a civil_a sovereign_n yet_o that_o by_o this_o he_o endeavour_v to_o destroy_v all_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n in_o prince_n and_o all_o obligation_n of_o obedience_n in_o subject_n whenever_o they_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o rebel_v sect._n 4._o the_o conclusion_n contain_v a_o apology_n for_o the_o length_n of_o these_o confutation_n sect._n 5._o the_o second_o part_n wherein_o the_o moral_a principle_n of_o mr._n hobbs_n de_n cive_z &_o leviathan_n be_v full_o consider_v and_o confute_v introduction_n §_o 1_o though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v unnecessary_a after_o so_o much_o as_o have_v be_v say_v to_o prove_v the_o certainty_n and_o constant_a obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n more_o particular_o to_o confute_v the_o principle_n of_o epicurus_n and_o his_o follower_n mr._n h._n it_o be_v a_o true_a maxim_n in_o other_o science_n as_o well_o as_o geometry_n rectum_fw-la est_fw-la index_n svi_fw-la &_o obliqui_fw-la yet_o since_o those_o author_n have_v not_o only_o poison_v the_o world_n with_o their_o pernicious_a tenet_n but_o have_v also_o endeavour_v to_o support_v they_o with_o the_o specious_a appearance_n of_o reason_n and_o argument_n it_o may_v be_v expect_v that_o we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o in_o answer_n to_o these_o reason_n and_o argument_n mr._n h._n the_o reviver_n of_o those_o principle_n in_o this_o age_n have_v bring_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr cive_z &_o leviathan_n to_o maintain_v and_o support_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v some_o consideration_n and_o confutation_n of_o they_o as_o far_o as_o they_o contradict_v the_o principle_n we_o have_v here_o lay_v down_o and_o rather_o to_o put_v they_o here_o all_o together_o at_o the_o end_n than_o in_o the_o body_n of_o our_o treatise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o there_o they_o will_v not_o only_o have_v interrupt_v the_o coherence_n of_o the_o discourse_n itself_o but_o will_v have_v also_o disturb_v and_o take_v off_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o ordinary_a reader_n for_o who_o i_o chief_o intend_v it_o from_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o connexion_n of_o the_o thing_n therein_o contain_v and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a rather_o to_o cast_v they_o all_o together_o into_o a_o distinct_a part_n by_o themselves_o since_o if_o you_o be_v master_n of_o that_o former_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n you_o will_v easy_o perceive_v not_o only_o the_o falsehood_n and_o absurdity_n of_o mr._n h_n principle_n but_o that_o it_o be_v from_o his_o ignorance_n or_o inconsideration_n of_o this_o great_a principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n that_o he_o first_o fall_v into_o those_o error_n and_o make_v private_a self-preservation_n not_o only_o the_o first_o motive_n which_o have_v be_v true_a enough_o but_o also_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o all_o moral_a action_n which_o be_v altogether_o false_a and_o below_o the_o dignity_n not_o only_o of_o a_o philosopher_n but_o a_o man._n i_o have_v therefore_o go_v through_o all_o his_o moral_a principle_n in_o order_n and_o as_o for_o his_o politic_a one_o if_o these_o be_v false_a they_o will_v need_v no_o other_o confutation_n and_o i_o have_v reduce_v they_o into_o certain_a head_n or_o proposition_n and_o have_v true_o give_v you_o this_o sum_n of_o argument_n that_o no_o man_n may_v find_v fault_n with_o i_o for_o misrepresent_v his_o opinion_n principle_n i._n man_n be_v not_o a_o creature_n bear_v apt_a for_o society_n §_o 1._o mr._n h._n in_o his_o philosophical_a element_n or_o treatise_n de_n cive_z chap._n 1._o §_o 2._o lay_n down_o and_o maintain_v this_o principle_n and_o give_v certain_a specious_a reason_n for_o it_o which_o because_o they_o be_v somewhat_o tedious_a and_o divers_a of_o they_o very_o trivial_a i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o contract_v they_o than_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o transcribe_v all_o that_o he_o have_v loose_o enough_o lay_v down_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o this_o assertion_n refer_v you_o if_o you_o doubt_v whether_o i_o right_o represent_v his_o meaning_n to_o the_o author_n himself_o in_o the_o place_n
it_o be_v thus_o natural_o determine_v nor_o will_v he_o allow_v any_o difference_n by_o nature_n between_o man_n and_o other_o creature_n neither_o between_o man_n endue_v with_o reason_n and_o those_o that_o have_v not_o yet_o attain_v the_o use_n of_o it_o neither_o between_o fool_n and_o madman_n and_o other_o that_o be_v of_o sound_a understanding_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v this_o for_o whatever_o any_o creature_n do_v by_o the_o force_n of_o its_o nature_n it_o do_v it_o by_o the_o high_a right_n viz._n because_o it_o act_v as_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n determine_v neither_o be_v it_o able_a to_o act_v otherwise_o therefore_o among_o man_n whilst_o consider_v as_o live_v under_o the_o mere_a empire_n of_o nature_n as_o well_o he_o that_o do_v not_o yet_o understand_v reason_n or_o have_v not_o acquire_v a_o habit_n of_o virtue_n live_v by_o the_o high_a right_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o his_o own_o appetite_n as_o well_o as_o he_o that_o direct_v his_o life_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n so_o that_o as_o a_o wiseman_n have_v a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n that_o reason_n dictate_v or_o of_o live_v according_a to_o its_o rule_n so_o likewise_o the_o ignorant_a and_o foolish_a have_v a_o like_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n which_o their_o appetite_n desire_v so_o that_o every_o man_n natural_a right_n be_v not_o determine_v by_o right_a reason_n but_o by_o power_n and_o appetite_n for_o all_o man_n be_v not_o natural_o ordain_v to_o operate_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n be_v bear_v ignorant_a of_o all_o thing_n and_o before_o they_o come_v to_o know_v the_o true_a rule_n of_o life_n or_o acquire_v a_o habit_n of_o virtue_n a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o life_n slip_v away_o though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o well_o educate_v and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v that_o whatever_o any_o one_o do_v in_o order_n as_o he_o think_v to_o his_o own_o preservation_n or_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o sensual_a appetite_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o this_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v lawful_a because_o the_o only_a rule_n he_o have_v to_o act_v by_o §_o 9_o have_v give_v you_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v for_o this_o wicked_a as_o well_o as_o foolish_a opinion_n in_o their_o own_o word_n i_o shall_v now_o endeavour_v to_o confute_v it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o observe_v that_o this_o which_o they_o call_v the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o which_o mr._n h._n define_v to_o be_v a_o state_n of_o perfect_a liberty_n be_v in_o their_o sense_n no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n to_o judge_v how_o proper_o this_o word_n right_o belong_v to_o brute_n infant_n and_o fool_n for_o the_o word_n right_o be_v use_v by_o those_o that_o treat_v of_o ethic_n only_o in_o respect_n of_o reasonable_a man_n as_o capable_a of_o deliberation_n and_o judgement_n and_o endue_v with_o freedom_n of_o action_n and_o so_o subject_a to_o law_n for_o to_o call_v that_o necessity_n by_o which_o fish_n devour_v each_o other_o and_o madman_n beat_v their_o keeper_n a_o right_a be_v as_o proper_a to_o talk_v of_o a_o right_n of_o stone_n to_o fall_v downward_o no_o philosopher_n but_o these_o ever_o use_v the_o word_n right_o for_o necessity_n but_o a_o liberty_n leave_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o act_v according_a to_o reason_n 2_o the_o last_o author_n confound_v the_o nature_n of_o beast_n fool_n and_o madman_n who_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o sense_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a with_o that_o of_o rational_a creature_n who_o be_v ordain_v for_o great_a end_n and_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o high_a law_n than_o that_o of_o mere_a appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o i_o desire_v these_o gentleman_n to_o show_v we_o that_o such_o unreasonable_a appetite_n and_o passion_n do_v necessary_o and_o unevitable_o carry_v man_n to_o act_v constant_o according_a to_o they_o so_o that_o the_o man_n have_v then_o no_o power_n leave_v to_o oppose_v resist_v or_o restrain_v they_o and_o though_o we_o grant_v that_o child_n be_v not_o yet_o sensible_a and_o fool_n and_o madman_n be_v never_o perhaps_o capable_a of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n or_o nature_n and_o so_o can_v be_v subject_a to_o they_o nor_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v among_o voluntary_a agent_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o those_o that_o be_v of_o mature_a age_n and_o sound_a mind_n and_o so_o can_v plead_v invincible_a ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o out_o of_o their_o own_o wilful_a humour_n or_o unreasonable_a appetite_n neglect_v to_o know_v or_o learn_v or_o through_o wilful_a ignorance_n transgress_v it_o shall_v claim_v the_o like_a exemption_n for_o though_o we_o be_v not_o angry_a with_o child_n or_o natural_a fool_n if_o they_o cry_v for_o or_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n they_o see_v and_o pity_v mad_a people_n even_o while_o they_o be_v outrageous_a with_o those_o that_o tend_v they_o yet_o have_v we_o not_o the_o same_o forbearance_n and_o pity_n for_o man_n of_o sound_a mind_n and_o mature_a age_n if_o they_o do_v the_o like_a unreasonable_a thing_n and_o govern_v themselves_o by_o no_o other_o law_n but_o their_o own_o unreasonable_a appetite_n and_o passion_n since_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n both_o to_o have_v know_v and_o act_v otherwise_o and_o to_o have_v deliberate_v and_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o better_o for_o they_o to_o forbear_v such_o evil_a act_n than_o to_o do_v they_o §_o 10._o neither_o can_n invincible_a ignorance_n be_v any_o excuse_n as_o to_o they_o for_o though_o perhaps_o they_o may_v not_o have_v brain_n fit_a for_o the_o mathematics_n or_o be_v not_o able_a to_o deduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_o their_o true_a principle_n yet_o by_o the_o precept_n of_o other_o as_o well_o as_o their_o own_o reason_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n they_o may_v easy_o have_v learn_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o honest_a man_n that_o be_v their_o duty_n towards_o their_o neighbour_n by_o that_o golden_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o they_o will_v be_v do_v by_o and_o their_o duty_n towards_o themselves_o by_o endeavour_v their_o own_o true_a happiness_n and_o preservation_n by_o the_o only_a mean_n tend_v thereunto_o viz._n without_o injure_v other_o and_o do_v their_o duty_n towards_o god_n in_o reverence_v he_o and_o obey_v his_o will_n when_o discover_v to_o they_o also_o in_o endeavour_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o all_o which_o principle_n have_v be_v ever_o so_o natural_a to_o man_n that_o they_o have_v in_o all_o age_n acknowledge_v they_o to_o have_v still_o remain_v the_o same_o therefore_o mr._n h._n as_o also_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treatise_n last_o mention_v be_v very_o much_o mistake_v so_o direct_o to_o oppose_v our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o the_o rational_a nature_n of_o man_n as_o if_o he_o be_v so_o much_o behold_v to_o art_n for_o they_o that_o he_o can_v never_o have_v acquire_v they_o himself_o without_o teach_v which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v that_o because_o most_o man_n learn_v arithmetic_n therefore_o it_o be_v so_o absolute_o beside_o or_o above_o nature_n that_o no_o man_n ever_o attain_v it_o of_o himself_o which_o be_v contrary_a both_o to_o reason_n and_o experience_n since_o both_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n as_o also_o ethic_n must_v have_v be_v natural_a to_o those_o that_o first_o teach_v they_o but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o mr._n h_n own_o concession_n that_o reason_n and_o experience_n be_v as_o natural_a to_o humane_a nature_n as_o hunt_v be_v to_o dog_n be_v though_o in_o both_o of_o they_o there_o be_v require_v both_o exercise_n and_o experience_n to_o learn_v it_o §_o 11._o nor_o do_v mr._n h_n excuse_n which_o he_o give_v we_o in_o the_o 13_o chapter_n of_o his_o leviathan_n signify_v any_o thing_n viz._n that_o man_n passion_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v no_o sin_n nor_o the_o action_n which_o proceed_v from_o they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o see_v no_o power_n which_o can_v prohibit_v they_o for_o neither_o can_v a_o law_n be_v know_v before_o it_o be_v make_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v make_v till_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o a_o legislator_n to_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o answer_v that_o mr._n h._n all_o along_o proceed_v upon_o this_o false_a supposition_n that_o god_n be_v not_o a_o legislator_n without_o divine_a revelation_n nor_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v proper_o his_o law_n both_o which_o assertion_n if_o they_o have_v be_v prove_v false_a in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n it_o will_v certain_o follow_v that_o
the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n proceed_v from_o god_n himself_o be_v true_o law_n and_o the_o action_n prohibit_v by_o they_o be_v sin_n although_o man_n will_v not_o through_o wilful_a ignorance_n discover_v this_o legislator_n nor_o will_v consent_v to_o his_o law_n and_o mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o chapter_n of_o law_n that_o the_o subject_n lie_v under_o a_o obligation_n to_o obey_v they_o if_o it_o can_v be_v make_v appear_v to_o they_o that_o the_o legislator_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o supreme_a power_n over_o they_o and_o have_v both_o sufficient_o establish_v and_o promulgate_v his_o law_n both_o which_o may_v be_v true_o affirm_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 12._o but_o indeed_o mr._n h._n and_o his_o follower_n have_v do_v very_o cunning_o in_o take_v away_o all_o freedom_n from_o mankind_n and_o to_o suppose_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o all_o moral_a action_n since_o they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o destroy_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o equal_a man_n with_o brute_n but_o by_o pull_v up_o all_o the_o foundation_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n but_o i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o on_o this_o subject_a to_o show_v the_o folly_n and_o unreasonableness_n of_o this_o opinion_n than_o to_o put_v down_o mr._n h_n word_n on_o this_o subject_a in_o art_n 11._o of_o this_o chapter_n where_o he_o confess_v that_o this_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n be_v absolute_o unprofitable_a for_o mankind_n because_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o right_n be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o such_o right_n at_o all_o for_o although_o any_o man_n may_v say_v of_o every_o thing_n this_o be_v i_o yet_o can_v he_o not_o use_v it_o because_o of_o his_o neighbour_n who_o may_v by_o a_o equal_a right_n pretend_v that_o it_o be_v he_o which_o be_v as_o good_a as_o to_o own_o that_o this_o right_n be_v none_o at_o all_o for_o he_o himself_o in_o the_o article_n before-going_a make_v utility_n to_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o right_n but_o here_o be_v a_o right_n without_o any_o utility_n at_o all_o therefore_o these_o word_n right_o and_o unprofitable_a be_v contradictory_n for_o right_o refer_v in_o this_o definition_n to_o some_o use_n or_o profit_n that_o a_o man_n may_v make_v of_o his_o natural_a liberty_n but_o to_o be_v unprofitable_a own_v that_o there_o be_v no_o use_n or_o need_v of_o this_o natural_a liberty_n in_o that_o matter_n principle_n v._n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n whatsoever_o any_o one_o do_v to_o another_o can_v be_v injurious_a to_o any_o person_n §_o 1._o because_o say_v he_o injustice_n towards_o man_n suppose_v humane_a law_n none_o of_o which_o be_v yet_o in_o be_v in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 1._o annot._fw-la ad_fw-la §_o 10._o which_o he_o thus_o likewise_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v in_o his_o leviathan_n chap._n 13._o where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n there_o be_v no_o law_n where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n no_o injustice_n force_n and_o fraud_n be_v in_o war_n the_o two_o cardinal_n virtue_n justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v none_o of_o the_o faculty_n either_o of_o the_o body_n or_o mind_n if_o they_o be_v they_o may_v be_v in_o a_o man_n that_o be_v alone_o in_o the_o world_n as_o well_o as_o his_o sense_n and_o passion_n they_o be_v all_o quality_n that_o relate_v to_o man_n in_o society_n not_o in_o solitude_n it_o be_v consequent_a also_o to_o the_o same_o condition_n that_o there_o be_v no_o propriety_n no_o dominion_n no_o mine_n and_o thy_o distinct_a but_o only_o that_o to_o be_v every_o man_n be_v that_o he_o can_v get_v and_o for_o so_o long_o as_o he_o can_v keep_v it_o all_o which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o epicurus_n long_o ago_o assert_v as_o diogenes_n laertius_n have_v tell_v we_o in_o the_o account_n he_o give_v of_o his_o life_n and_o opinion_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o between_o those_o animal_n which_o can_v be_v join_v by_o any_o compact_a or_o bargain_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o hurt_v each_o other_o there_o be_v no_o right_n or_o injury_n so_o it_o be_v likewise_o among_o nation_n which_o either_o will_v not_o or_o can_v enter_v into_o compact_n that_o they_o do_v neither_o hurt_n nor_o be_v hurt_v for_o injustice_n be_v nothing_o in_o itself_o although_o in_o some_o place_n such_o a_o bargain_n be_v make_v by_o mutual_a compact_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o hurt_v each_o other_o so_o that_o injury_n be_v no_o evil_a in_o itself_o but_o only_o consist_v in_o a_o fear_n or_o suspicion_n lest_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v conceal_v from_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v revenger_n of_o such_o injury_n §_o 2._o in_o answer_n to_o all_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o to_o prove_v that_o these_o principle_n of_o epicurus_n as_o well_o as_o of_o mr._n h._n and_o his_o disciple_n be_v take_v up_o without_o any_o just_a or_o solid_a ground_n for_o by_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n consider_v as_o they_o be_v the_o natural_a law_n of_o god_n a_o perfect_a right_n be_v give_v to_o every_o man_n to_o his_o life_n and_o all_o those_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o without_o which_o he_o can_v subsist_v for_o whatever_o a_o man_n enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v injury_n and_o injustice_n to_o take_v it_o away_o for_o every_o invasion_n or_o violation_n of_o another_o right_n or_o property_n be_v injury_n by_o whatever_o law_n he_o enjoy_v it_o and_o much_o more_o if_o that_o right_o be_v confer_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n give_v by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n than_o if_o it_o proceed_v from_o mere_a humane_a compact_n and_o though_o mr._n h._n here_o assert_n that_o no_o injury_n can_v be_v do_v to_o any_o man_n with_o who_o we_o have_v make_v no_o compact_n yet_o chap._n 2._o art_n 1._o of_o his_o de_n cive_z he_o say_v that_o since_o all_o man_n will_v grant_v that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o right_a which_o be_v not_o contrary_a to_o right_a reason_n we_o ought_v to_o believe_v that_o to_o be_v do_v by_o injury_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o right_a reason_n that_o be_v which_o contradict_v any_o truth_n collect_v by_o right_a reason_n from_o true_a principle_n but_o what_o be_v do_v by_o injury_n we_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o some_o law_n so_o that_o here_o he_o grant_v that_o a_o injury_n may_v be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n before_o any_o compact_a or_o translation_n of_o our_o right_n to_o another_o and_o since_o he_o there_o acknowledge_v those_o dictate_v of_o reason_n to_o be_v law_n i_o will_v fain_o see_v how_o those_o can_v give_v any_o man_n such_o a_o right_a to_o invade_v or_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o another_o for_o right_o as_o he_o himself_o well_o define_v it_o be_v a_o liberty_n grant_v by_o right_a reason_n require_v that_o man_n who_o pretend_v to_o act_v or_o speak_v according_a to_o its_o dictate_v can_v act_v contradictory_o to_o its_o other_o principle_n or_o conclusion_n and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n for_o he_o to_o say_v that_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v to_o god_n alone_o when_o his_o law_n be_v break_v unless_o he_o can_v show_v that_o those_o law_n of_o god_n do_v not_o confer_v a_o right_n on_o man_n to_o their_o life_n and_o all_o the_o necessary_n thereof_o and_o do_v not_o likewise_o prohibit_v other_o from_o violate_v this_o right_a so_o grant_v §_o 3._o but_o yet_o this_o author_n when_o he_o be_v press_v hard_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o may_v be_v injury_n do_v to_o another_o out_o of_o civil_a government_n for_o it_o be_v object_v whether_o if_o a_o son_n shall_v kill_v his_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n he_o shall_v not_o do_v he_o a_o injury_n he_o answer_v that_o a_o son_n can_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o a_o natural_a state_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o parent_n he_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o be_v bear_v under_o their_o power_n and_o command_v to_o who_o he_o owe_v his_o be_v and_o preservation_n yet_o sure_a a_o man_n parent_n by_o beget_v and_o breed_v he_o up_o do_v not_o thereby_o acquire_v a_o property_n or_o dominion_n over_o he_o as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v though_o i_o grant_v child_n when_o they_o either_o marry_v or_o otherwise_o become_v lawful_o discharge_v from_o the_o government_n of_o their_o parent_n still_o owe_v a_o filial_a piety_n and_o gratitude_n to_o they_o and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a impiety_n and_o injury_n in_o child_n towards_o they_o to_o hurt_v or_o destroy_v they_o though_o they_o be_v no_o long_o under_o their_o power_n and_o command_v so_o likewise_o the_o same_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o prescribe_v gratitude_n to_o these_o our_o natural_a benefactor_n do_v make_v it_o injurious_a
for_o any_o man_n to_o hurt_v or_o kill_v any_o other_o person_n who_o have_v educate_v or_o maintain_v he_o or_o otherwise_o high_o oblige_v he_o since_o the_o same_o law_n of_o gratitude_n that_o make_v it_o injurious_a to_o hurt_v or_o murder_v his_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n do_v also_o command_v the_o like_a duty_n towards_o any_o other_o benefactor_n §_o 4._o but_o his_o argument_n in_o his_o leviathan_n be_v much_o more_o false_a and_o precarious_a when_o he_o argue_v that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n there_o be_v no_o law_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o be_v no_o injustice_n all_o which_o he_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o his_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n for_o first_o though_o i_o grant_v where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n that_o be_v no_o legislator_n there_o be_v no_o law_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o true_a of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o if_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n as_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n they_o be_v true_o law_n before_o any_o civil_a power_n be_v institute_v to_o make_v law_n or_o to_o see_v they_o observe_v and_o consequent_o that_o it_o be_v the_o high_a injury_n and_o injustice_n to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n from_o other_o be_v innocent_a and_o do_v we_o no_o hurt_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o life_n or_o preservation_n which_o they_o be_v already_o possess_v of_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v no_o natural_a faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o right_a reason_n be_v from_o whence_o all_o justice_n be_v deduce_v and_o which_o a_o man_n be_v always_o bind_v to_o exercise_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o become_v capable_a of_o be_v a_o member_n of_o humane_a society_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v a_o civil_a one_o and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a equity_n as_o this_o author_n acknowledge_v de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 14._o §_o 14._o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o natural_a justice_n and_o injustice_n too_o but_o i_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o next_o principle_n principle_n vi._n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v nothing_o good_a or_o evil._n §_o 1._o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o mr._n h_n opinion_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o they_o be_v in_o his_o leviathan_n cap._n 6._o whatsoever_o be_v the_o object_n of_o any_o man_n appetite_n or_o desire_v that_o be_v it_o which_o he_o for_o his_o part_n call_v good_a and_o the_o object_n of_o his_o hate_n and_o aversion_n evil_a and_o of_o his_o contempt_n vile_a and_o inconsiderable_a for_o these_o word_n of_o good_a evil_a and_o contemptible_a be_v ever_o use_v with_o relation_n to_o the_o person_n that_o use_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o simple_o and_o absolute_o so_o nor_o any_o common_a rule_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o object_n themselves_o but_o from_o the_o person_n of_o the_o man_n where_o there_o be_v no_o commonwealth_n or_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n from_o the_o person_n that_o represent_v it_o or_o from_o a_o arbitrator_n or_o judge_n who_o man_n by_o disagree_v shall_v by_o consent_n set_v up_o and_o make_v his_o sentence_n the_o rule_n thereof_o he_o speak_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o all_o his_o other_o work_n as_o in_o de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 4._o §_o 17._o in_o his_o de_fw-fr homine_fw-la cap._n 11._o which_o it_o be_v tedious_a here_o to_o repeat_v and_o therefore_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o place_n i_o have_v here_o cite_v §_o 2._o but_o this_o he_o endeavour_v physical_o to_o explain_v in_o his_o little_a treatise_n of_o humane_a nature_n cap._n 7._o §_o 1._o compare_v with_o chap._n 3._o where_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o motion_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o conception_n of_o thing_n without_o any_o intervention_n of_o the_o judgement_n pass_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o heart_n and_o as_o it_o there_o hinder_v or_o help_v its_o vital_a motion_n it_o be_v say_v to_o please_v or_o displease_v but_o that_o which_o so_o please_v any_o one_o he_o call_v good_a and_o that_o which_o displease_v he_o evil_a and_o hence_o from_o the_o diversity_n of_o constitution_n or_o temperament_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o good_a that_o be_v natural_o and_o necessary_o so_o and_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n unblamable_o from_o his_o opinion_n that_o judge_v it_o §_o 3._o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o mr._n h._n have_v write_v more_o loose_o and_o unlike_o a_o philosopher_n than_o these_o unstable_a opinion_n both_o of_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o have_v a_o fix_a and_o constant_a notion_n of_o good_a because_o as_o long_o as_o this_o be_v fluctuate_a and_o uncertain_a all_o knowledge_n of_o our_o true_a felicity_n which_o be_v the_o great_a good_a of_o every_o man_n as_o also_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a virtue_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o mean_n and_o cause_n of_o obtain_v this_o good_a will_v be_v likewise_o various_a wander_a and_o uncertain_a §_o 4._o therefore_o although_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o because_o of_o some_o peculiarity_n in_o the_o divers_a temperament_n of_o man_n it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o one_o sort_n of_o diet_n or_o medicine_n may_v be_v hurtful_a to_o one_o which_o may_v not_o prove_v so_o to_o another_o yea_o which_o experience_n have_v approve_v not_o only_o to_o be_v innocent_a but_o wholesome_a for_o other_o something_o like_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o genius_n and_o manner_n of_o nation_n quite_o different_a from_o other_o in_o some_o particular_a custom_n and_o constitution_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o any_o more_o take_v away_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o good_a and_o its_o constituent_a part_n and_o degree_n than_o the_o small_a difference_n of_o man_n face_n take_v away_o the_o agreement_n between_o they_o in_o their_o common_a nature_n as_o man_n or_o that_o general_a likeness_n that_o be_v between_o they_o in_o the_o conformation_n and_o use_n of_o their_o principal_a part_n for_o sure_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbauros_fw-la which_o will_v not_o own_o that_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n and_o satisfaction_n in_o love_v and_o obey_v god_n than_o in_o blaspheme_v and_o disobey_v of_o he_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v not_o sensible_a that_o filial_a duty_n towards_o parent_n gratitude_n to_o their_o benefactor_n love_n and_o kindness_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o neighbour_n fidelity_n in_o their_o promise_n and_o agreement_n be_v good_a and_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o welfare_n and_o preservation_n and_o consequent_o of_o mankind_n no_o difference_n of_o temper_n make_v any_o man_n in_o his_o sense_n not_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v good_a for_o all_o man_n that_o the_o life_n liberty_n estate_n and_o member_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n shall_v be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o that_o the_o kill_n or_o rob_v of_o they_o shall_v be_v everywhere_o prohibit_v under_o the_o most_o severe_a penalty_n or_o last_o what_o peculiar_a humour_n in_o man_n can_v make_v they_o not_o think_v it_o good_a and_o beneficial_a for_o particular_a family_n and_o nation_n that_o the_o conjugal_a fidelity_n of_o the_o marriagebed_n the_o chastity_n shall_v be_v preserve_v inviolated_a the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o right_a of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v all_o those_o outward_a thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o life_n or_o conduce_v to_o our_o health_n fame_n honour_n the_o education_n of_o our_o child_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o friendship_n since_o in_o their_o judgement_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o these_o thing_n about_o which_o the_o whole_a business_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o most_o civil_a law_n be_v take_v up_o all_o rational_a man_n do_v as_o equal_o agree_v in_o their_o opinion_n as_o concern_v the_o whiteness_n of_o snow_n or_o the_o brightness_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o i_o do_v not_o lay_v the_o main_a stress_n of_o their_o obligation_n to_o these_o action_n on_o this_o general_a agreement_n since_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o contrary_a principle_n in_o the_o forego_n discourse_n §_o 5._o but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o true_a and_o settle_a notion_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a both_o natural_a and_o moral_a i_o therefore_o define_v good_a in_o general_a to_o be_v that_o which_o preserve_v increase_v or_o perfect_v the_o faculty_n and_o power_n of_o one_o or_o more_o thing_n for_o by_o these_o effect_n that_o peculiar_a agreeableness_n of_o one_o thing_n with_o another_o declare_v itself_o to_o we_o and_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v true_o call_v good_a for_o
both_o lawful_a and_o necessary_a but_o in_o his_o leviathan_n in_o the_o chapter_n here_o cite_v he_o first_o assert_n the_o state_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v a_o state_n of_o war_n and_o from_o thence_o argue_v all_o thing_n therein_o to_o be_v lawful_a as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o that_o chapter_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o by_o the_o same_o right_n that_o one_o man_n invade_v the_o other_o resist_v from_o whence_o arise_v a_o war_n on_o both_o side_n just_a so_o that_o be_v not_o at_o all_o solicitous_a about_o the_o right_n of_o make_v war_n he_o only_o suppose_v this_o war_n must_v needs_o arise_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n passion_n and_o desire_n and_o this_o war_n be_v once_o suppose_v he_o positive_o assert_n that_o it_o must_v follow_v though_o without_o any_o proof_n that_o there_o be_v in_o this_o state_n nothing_o just_a or_o unjust_a indeed_o his_o way_n of_o argue_v in_o his_o leviathan_n be_v more_o plausible_a but_o less_o close_a than_o the_o former_a in_o his_o de_n cive_z for_o all_o person_n of_o sense_n must_v agree_v that_o a_o war_n ought_v first_o to_o be_v prove_v just_a before_o it_o can_v be_v thence_o deduce_v what_o thing_n be_v lawful_a therein_o even_o towards_o enemy_n neither_o do_v himself_o suppose_v that_o all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a even_o in_o the_o just_a war_n for_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z annot._fw-la ad_fw-la art_n 37._o cap._n 3._o he_o grant_v that_o drunkenness_n and_o cruelty_n be_v not_o to_o be_v practise_v even_o in_o war_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o some_o natural_a principle_n or_o law_n be_v first_o acknowledge_v by_o who_o command_n or_o permission_n we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o any_o war_n whether_o it_o be_v just_a or_o not_o or_o before_o we_o can_v thence_o infer_v those_o thing_n to_o be_v lawful_a which_o be_v act_v therein_o for_o otherwise_o even_a contradictory_n proposition_n may_v be_v alike_o true_a and_o titius_n for_o example_n may_v have_v a_o right_n to_o the_o life_n and_o good_n of_o sempronius_n if_o he_o think_v they_o necessary_a for_o his_o own_o preservation_n and_o so_o likewise_o sempronius_n will_v have_v the_o same_o right_n against_o titius_n which_o will_v be_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o right_a reason_n and_o equity_n and_o this_o be_v so_o evident_a that_o mr._n h._n himself_o although_o in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o this_o first_o chapter_n de_fw-fr cive_z he_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o just_a and_o unjust_a yet_o in_o the_o former_a part_n he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o power_n of_o make_v war_n ought_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o every_o man_n in_o that_o state_n as_o necessary_a to_o his_o own_o preservation_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o he_o have_v affirm_v this_o war_n to_o be_v just_a and_o lawful_a on_o both_o side_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o reason_n but_o whatsoever_o prove_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v just_a and_o lawful_a in_o any_o state_n must_v likewise_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o lawful_a and_o unlawful_a in_o the_o same_o state_n and_o must_v suppose_v some_o law_n in_o force_n by_o who_o command_n or_o permission_n at_o least_o that_o act_n become_v lawful_a which_o as_o we_o endeavour_v to_o establish_v so_o do_v mr._n h._n as_o plain_o destroy_v it_o whilst_o he_o assert_v no_o difference_n between_o just_a and_o unjust_a but_o with_o what_o reason_n i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o indifferent_a reader_n to_o judge_v §_o 3._o but_o since_o i_o have_v already_o answer_v those_o preliminary_a principle_n which_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z to_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o state_n of_o war_n there_o remain_v nothing_o else_o for_o we_o to_o do_v but_o to_o examine_v those_o new_a reason_n mr._n h._n have_v here_o give_v we_o in_o this_o chapter_n of_o his_o leviathan_n to_o prove_v this_o state_n of_o war_n to_o be_v both_o natural_a and_o necessary_a which_o he_o here_o deduce_v from_o three_o affection_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n 1._o competition_n for_o the_o same_o thing_n 2._o diffidence_n of_o each_o other_o 3._o glory_n to_o himself_o the_o first_o be_v manifest_a that_o during_o the_o time_n man_n live_v without_o out_o a_o common_a power_n to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n they_o be_v in_o that_o condition_n which_o be_v call_v war._n whence_o i_o can_v but_o again_o observe_v that_o this_o author_n take_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n only_o from_o their_o passion_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o reason_n or_o experience_n although_o he_o have_v already_o suppose_v both_o of_o these_o to_o be_v natural_a faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v take_v not_o from_o its_o imperfection_n or_o weakness_n but_o from_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n that_o it_o be_v by_o its_o nature_n capable_a of_o and_o therefore_o this_o author_n have_v deal_v very_o preposterous_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o man_n as_o of_o a_o mere_a animal_n only_o govern_v by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o passion_n whereas_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o man_n and_o which_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o government_n over_o all_o the_o other_o faculty_n be_v reason_n or_o that_o faculty_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n who_o due_a use_n and_o exercise_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v exclude_v but_o rather_o conjoin_v with_o the_o operation_n of_o all_o the_o other_o natural_a faculty_n by_o any_o writer_n who_o will_v true_o describe_v the_o nature_n of_o man_n nor_o yet_o be_v man_n necessary_o impel_v by_o these_o passion_n as_o mere_a machine_n be_v drive_v or_o move_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o weight_n but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v govern_v and_o restrain_v by_o reason_n or_o fear_v of_o future_a evil_n so_o that_o they_o do_v not_o hurry_v man_n into_o war_n by_o any_o natural_a or_o inevitable_a necessity_n indeed_o those_o idea_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v necessary_o generate_v therein_o from_o the_o impulse_n of_o outward_a object_n be_v not_o prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n because_o we_o be_v design_v by_o god_n to_o govern_v those_o action_n only_o which_o be_v in_o our_o power_n whereas_o these_o passion_n and_o idea_n from_o whence_o mr._n h._n collect_v this_o state_n of_o war_n to_o be_v necessary_a be_v of_o this_o sort_n since_o be_v concern_v thing_n future_a and_o at_o a_o distance_n and_o depend_v upon_o man_n reason_n and_o foresight_n they_o may_v be_v also_o govern_v thereby_o and_o mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z chap._n 3._o §_o 31._o that_o though_o man_n because_o of_o their_o different_a appetite_n can_v agree_v of_o the_o present_a yet_o they_o may_v of_o the_o future_a and_o from_o thence_o acknowledge_v that_o peace_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a law_n §_o 4._o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a easy_o to_o show_v that_o every_o one_o of_o these_o three_o master-passion_n which_o he_o have_v here_o describe_v as_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n ought_v if_o govern_v by_o reason_n to_o persuade_v the_o contrary_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o his_o passion_n of_o competition_n that_o when_o two_o man_n desire_v the_o same_o thing_n which_o they_o can_v both_o enjoy_v they_o become_v enemy_n and_o in_o the_o way_n to_o their_o end_n endeavour_v to_o destroy_v or_o subdue_v one_o another_o now_o certain_o reason_n in_o this_o case_n will_v never_o incite_v a_o rational_a man_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o state_n of_o war_n with_o another_o for_o the_o obtain_n of_o that_o which_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o as_o well_o as_o he_o for_o if_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n the_o other_o be_v already_o possess_v of_o he_o ought_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n and_o equity_n to_o let_v he_o enjoy_v it_o by_o right_a of_o occupancy_n or_o possession_n it_o be_v then_o necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n or_o happiness_n and_o he_o himself_o if_o possess_v of_o the_o like_a thing_n will_v think_v it_o reasonable_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v likewise_o permit_v quiet_o to_o enjoy_v it_o so_o that_o if_o he_o act_v by_o one_o rule_n in_o relation_n to_o himself_o and_o by_o another_o in_o respect_n of_o all_o other_o man_n in_o the_o same_o case_n or_o circumstance_n this_o must_v be_v altogether_o unreasonable_a and_o mr._n h._n himself_o do_v sufficient_o show_v the_o grievous_a mischief_n of_o such_o a_o unreasonable_a way_n of_o proceed_v when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o where_o a_o invader_n have_v no_o more_o to_o fear_v than_o another_o man_n single_a power_n if_o one_o plant_n sow_n build_v or_o possess_v a_o convenient_a seat_n
other_o may_v probable_o be_v expect_v to_o come_v prepare_v with_o force_n unite_v to_o dispossess_v and_o deprive_v he_o not_o only_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o labour_n but_o also_o of_o his_o life_n or_o liberty_n and_o the_o invader_n again_o be_v in_o the_o like_a danger_n of_o another_o to_o which_o i_o may_v also_o add_v and_o he_o again_o of_o a_o three_o till_o at_o last_o all_o the_o owner_n of_o it_o be_v successive_o destroy_v the_o house_n or_o seat_n will_v become_v void_a and_o no_o man_n leave_v to_o inhabit_v it_o which_o condition_n mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v to_o be_v so_o sad_a and_o deplorable_a that_o he_o will_v have_v mankind_n from_o the_o dictate_v of_o reason_n to_o do_v all_o they_o can_v to_o get_v out_o of_o it_o by_o enter_v into_o a_o civil_a society_n but_o i_o suppose_v that_o right_a reason_n will_v rather_o hinder_v all_o rational_a man_n from_o ever_o fall_v into_o this_o state_n at_o all_o if_o they_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n avoid_v or_o prevent_v it_o since_o peace_n be_v to_o be_v value_v from_o its_o own_o convenience_n without_o try_v or_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o evil_n of_o war_n as_o health_n be_v valuable_a for_o its_o own_o agreeableness_n to_o our_o nature_n without_o try_v by_o woeful_a experience_n what_o sickness_n be_v §_o 5._o and_o as_o for_o his_o next_o passion_n diffidence_n of_o each_o other_o that_o there_o be_v no_o way_n for_o any_o man_n to_o secure_v himself_o so_o reasonable_a as_o anticipation_n that_o be_v by_o force_n or_o wile_n to_o master_v the_o person_n of_o all_o man_n he_o can_v so_o long_o till_o he_o see_v no_o other_o power_n great_a enough_o to_o endanger_v he_o and_o that_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o his_o own_o conservation_n require_v and_o be_v general_o allow_v now_o can_v all_o this_o reasonable_o persuade_v a_o man_n to_o put_v himself_o in_o so_o hazardous_a a_o condition_n as_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o master_n and_o subdue_v all_o those_o he_o will_v be_v afraid_a of_o or_o to_o think_v he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v this_o by_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n till_o he_o see_v no_o other_o power_n great_a enough_o to_o endanger_v he_o since_o for_o any_o man_n to_o be_v able_a to_o do_v this_o he_o must_v have_v more_o cunning_a natural_a strength_n and_o courage_n and_o cunning_a than_o ever_o homer_n suppose_v ulysses_n or_o achilles_n to_o have_v be_v master_n of_o or_o our_o modern_a romance-maker_n can_v feign_v in_o their_o hero_n since_o upon_o these_o term_n of_o self-preservation_n a_o man_n like_o a_o game-cock_n will_v be_v force_v to_o fight_v a_o battle_n or_o two_o every_o day_n whilst_o he_o live_v and_o how_o long_o this_o will_v last_v suppose_v other_o man_n of_o equal_a strength_n and_o as_o well_o prepare_v as_o himself_o i_o refer_v he_o to_o the_o experiment_n of_o fighting-cock_n who_o seldom_o survive_v the_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o battle_n and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v some_o that_o take_a pleasure_n in_o contemplate_v their_o own_o power_n in_o act_n of_o conquest_n which_o they_o may_v pursue_v far_o than_o their_o own_o security_n require_v yet_o this_o be_v never_o know_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o any_o man_n single_a strength_n but_o by_o a_o combination_n with_o divers_a other_o who_o through_o the_o esteem_n they_o have_v of_o his_o integrity_n or_o courage_n choose_v such_o a_o man_n to_o be_v their_o leader_n or_o prince_n before_z another_o and_o this_o account_n both_o the_o ancient_a historian_n and_o poet_n give_v we_o of_o the_o original_a of_o the_o first_o monarch_n and_o ancient_a king_n in_o the_o heroical_a time_n and_o admit_v the_o first_o kingdom_n to_o have_v begin_v by_o father_n or_o patriarch_n of_o family_n as_o some_o divine_n suppose_v yet_o they_o can_v never_o have_v raise_v a_o sufficient_a force_n to_o have_v conquer_v other_o without_o the_o combination_n of_o the_o head_n or_o father_n of_o other_o family_n nor_o can_v nimrod_n himself_o who_o be_v suppose_v the_o first_o tyrant_n or_o conqueror_n ever_o have_v enlarge_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o empire_n by_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n or_o that_o of_o his_o particular_a family_n without_o such_o a_o combination_n which_o require_v compact_n between_o the_o person_n that_o make_v it_o and_o when_o they_o once_o do_v this_o they_o be_v then_o no_o long_o in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n have_v set_v up_o and_o acknowledge_v a_o common_a power_n over_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a nay_o absolute_o impossible_a for_o any_o single_a man_n to_o take_v pleasure_n in_o contemplate_v his_o own_o power_n in_o act_n of_o conquest_n by_o his_o own_o personal_a valour_n or_o cunning_a as_o mr._n h._n suppose_v a_o man_n may_v do_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n §_o 6._o and_o as_o for_o his_o appeal_n to_o experience_n that_o when_o a_o man_n take_v a_o journey_n arm_n himself_o when_o go_v to_o bed_n he_o lock_v his_o door_n when_o even_o in_o his_o house_n he_o lock_v his_o chest_n and_o ask_v what_o opinion_n he_o have_v of_o his_o fellow-subject_n when_o he_o ride_v arm_v and_o shut_v his_o door_n or_o of_o his_o child_n and_o servant_n when_o he_o lock_v his_o chest_n and_o whether_o he_o do_v not_o thereby_o accuse_v mankind_n as_o much_o by_o his_o action_n as_o he_o do_v by_o his_o word_n to_o all_o which_o i_o answer_v no_o he_o do_v not_o for_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v no_o fault_n to_o distrust_v and_o secure_v himself_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v against_o violent_a and_o unjust_a person_n either_o upon_o the_o road_n or_o in_o his_o own_o house_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o diffidence_n accuse_v all_o his_o fellow-subject_n or_o all_o his_o child_n and_o servant_n much_o less_o all_o mankind_n of_o a_o design_n to_o murder_v or_o rob_v he_o or_o give_v he_o any_o right_a to_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o by_o way_n of_o anticipation_n for_o when_o he_o go_v arm_v or_o lock_v his_o door_n or_o chest_n it_o be_v true_a he_o grant_v there_o be_v some_o violent_a and_o wicked_a person_n who_o he_o will_v secure_v himself_o against_o yet_o do_v not_o this_o accuse_v all_o mankind_n of_o this_o wicked_a design_n since_o a_o man_n will_v do_v all_o this_o if_o he_o be_v satisfy_v that_o there_o be_v but_o two_o or_o three_o thief_n between_o his_o own_o house_n and_o london_n or_o but_o one_o thievish_a person_n in_o his_o family_n which_o be_v but_o a_o small_a proportion_n to_o a_o whole_a country_n or_o kingdom_n or_o even_o to_o his_o own_o particular_a family_n much_o less_o do_v he_o thereby_o pass_v a_o censure_n upon_o all_o mankind_n though_o it_o be_v true_a he_o thereby_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v and_o ever_o will_v be_v among_o man_n divers_a who_o be_v more_o govern_v by_o their_o present_a appetite_n and_o passion_n than_o by_o reason_n or_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n much_o less_o do_v such_o a_o diffidence_n give_v a_o man_n a_o right_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n of_o set_v upon_o master_v and_o kill_v all_o person_n whatsoever_o that_o he_o fancy_n have_v power_n sufficient_a to_o endanger_v he_o in_o his_o life_n or_o good_n before_o they_o have_v give_v some_o sufficient_a sign_n that_o they_o intend_v so_o to_o do_v for_o than_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o law_n for_o a_o man_n when_o he_o be_v thus_o arm_v to_o set_v upon_o not_o only_o thief_n but_o every_o man_n he_o meet_v for_o fear_v he_o shall_v set_v upon_o he_o first_o nay_o may_v likewise_o kill_v or_o knock_v in_o the_o head_n if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n any_o of_o his_o child_n or_o servant_n or_o even_o his_o wife_n herself_o if_o he_o do_v but_o fancy_n they_o go_v about_o to_o murder_n or_o rob_v he_o which_o how_o wicked_a and_o unreasonable_a a_o thing_n it_o will_v be_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o man_n reason_n and_o conscience_n to_o judge_v nor_o do_v his_o compare_v the_o state_n of_o war_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o foul-weather_n at_o all_o help_v he_o which_o he_o say_v do_v not_o lie_v in_o a_o shower_n or_o two_o of_o rain_n but_o in_o a_o inclination_n thereto_o of_o many_o day_n together_o so_o the_o nature_n of_o war_n consist_v not_o in_o actual_a fight_n but_o in_o the_o know_a disposition_n thereto_o all_o which_o i_o easy_o grant_v but_o he_o must_v likewise_o own_o that_o it_o be_v never_o call_v a_o rainy_n or_o foul_a season_n till_o it_o have_v actual_o rain_v till_o than_o we_o never_o say_v it_o be_v foul_a weather_n though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o cloudy_a so_o neither_o be_v this_o bare_a inclination_n to_o hurt_v a_o actual_a war_n till_o
never_o so_o manifest_a yet_o can_v it_o by_o this_o principle_n lie_v any_o firm_a obligation_n upon_o man_n mind_n but_o that_o they_o may_v depart_v from_o they_o whenever_o they_o will_v neglect_v or_o oversee_v this_o utility_n or_o that_o they_o think_v they_o may_v better_o secure_v their_o own_o interest_n by_o any_o other_o mean_n since_o the_o will_n and_o conscience_n of_o man_n can_v never_o be_v so_o oblige_v by_o their_o naked_a compact_n that_o they_o may_v not_o depart_v from_o or_o act_v contrary_a to_o they_o whensoever_o they_o think_v they_o may_v safe_o and_o for_o their_o own_o private_a advantage_n do_v it_o for_o the_o obligation_n will_v not_o only_o cease_v if_o it_o shall_v please_v all_o those_o who_o have_v so_o covenant_v to_o depart_v from_o their_o covenant_n at_o once_o as_o when_o man_n discharge_v themselves_o of_o they_o by_o mutual_a consent_n but_o suppose_v also_o this_o consent_n still_o to_o continue_v the_o force_n of_o a_o obligation_n will_v yet_o be_v want_v for_o since_o that_o dictate_v of_o reason_n of_o keep_v compact_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o attain_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n as_o be_v make_v as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n any_o single_a person_n according_a to_o his_o particular_a humour_n or_o predominant_a passion_n of_o fear_n or_o suspicion_n or_o self-interest_n may_v depart_v from_o this_o dictate_v of_o reason_n though_o the_o rest_n do_v not_o agree_v so_o to_o do_v because_o no_o man_n according_a to_o mr._n h._n in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v ever_o be_v tie_v by_o any_o compact_a to_o quit_v the_o do_v of_o that_o which_o he_o judge_v necessary_a for_o his_o own_o interest_n or_o self-defence_n for_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o this_o 14_o chapter_n in_o his_o leu._n he_o define_v a_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v a_o precept_n or_o general_a rule_n find_v out_o by_o reason_n by_o which_o a_o man_n be_v forbid_v to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v destructive_a of_o his_o life_n or_o take_v away_o the_o mean_n of_o preserve_v the_o same_o and_o to_o omit_v that_o by_o which_o he_o think_v it_o may_v be_v best_a preserve_v so_o that_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o a_o man_n life_n or_o whenever_o he_o think_v those_o compact_n may_v take_v away_o the_o mean_n of_o preserve_v it_o he_o may_v without_o crime_n fail_v in_o keep_v his_o compact_n either_o for_o public_a peace_n or_o the_o observation_n of_o justice_n with_o his_o fellow-subject_n or_o of_o fidelity_n or_o of_o obedience_n to_o his_o civil_a sovereign_n who_o upon_o these_o principle_n be_v in_o no_o better_a a_o condition_n nor_o so_o good_a as_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n because_o mr._n h._n do_v not_o allow_v in_o his_o leviathan_n cap._n 18._o of_o any_o compact_n to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o sovereign_n and_o the_o subject_n who_o only_a covenant_n one_o with_o the_o other_o and_o not_o with_o he_o to_o give_v up_o their_o right_n of_o govern_v themselves_o to_o this_o man_n or_o assembly_n of_o man_n and_o that_o they_o do_v thereby_o authorise_v all_o his_o action_n so_o that_o since_o this_o compact_n be_v make_v in_o the_o state_n nature_n and_o that_o this_o law_n of_o keep_v of_o compact_n be_v only_o a_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o no_o law_n it_o can_v lay_v no_o high_a obligation_n upon_o man_n conscience_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n than_o any_o other_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o mr._n h._n plain_o tell_v we_o chap._n 17._o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o oblige_v nor_o can_v the_o common_a power_n set_v over_o man_n lay_v any_o obligation_n in_o conscience_n upon_o they_o why_o they_o shall_v not_o break_v these_o compact_n towards_o each_o other_o when_o ever_o they_o think_v it_o convenient_a for_o since_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n can_v only_o oblige_v they_o to_o its_o outward_a observation_n by_o those_o punishment_n as_o he_o please_v to_o appoint_v for_o such_o offence_n as_o be_v destructive_a to_o the_o public_a peace_n every_o man_n that_o will_v venture_v the_o fear_n of_o discovery_n or_o be_v take_v or_o whenever_o he_o think_v he_o can_v make_v a_o party_n strong_a enough_o to_o defend_v himself_o from_o those_o that_o will_v punish_v he_o for_o the_o breach_n of_o they_o may_v safe_o nay_o lawful_o transgress_v they_o whenever_o the_o awe_n or_o fear_v of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n cease_v so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a there_o do_v still_o need_v some_o high_a law_n or_o principle_n than_o this_o of_o mere_a fear_n of_o the_o civil_a power_n to_o make_v man_n honest_a or_o to_o keep_v their_o compact_n when_o they_o have_v make_v they_o §_o 5._o to_o conclude_v mr._n h._n do_v far_o exceed_v his_o master_n epicurus_n in_o this_o rare_a invention_n for_o that_o old_a fellow_n one_o will_v think_v have_v sufficient_o shake_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o common_a peace_n and_o justice_n when_o he_o lay_v down_o in_o his_o ratis_fw-la sententiis_fw-la or_o establish_v dictate_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o justice_n between_o those_o nation_n who_o either_o can_v not_o epicuri_fw-la or_o will_v not_o enter_v into_o mutual_a covenant_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o hurt_v or_o be_v hurt_v by_o each_o other_o yet_o however_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o leave_v the_o force_n of_o those_o compact_n unviolated_a although_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n over_o they_o which_o may_v keep_v those_o nation_n in_o awe_n but_o mr._n h._n that_o he_o may_v indulge_v as_o much_o as_o he_o can_v to_o his_o darling_n passion_n of_o fear_n have_v also_o allow_v man_n this_o liberty_n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n compact_n of_o mutual_a fidelity_n may_v by_o right_o be_v violate_v without_o any_o other_o cause_n give_v than_o the_o fear_n or_o suspicion_n of_o the_o party_n afraid_a principle_n ix_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o law_n unless_o as_o it_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n §_o 1._o which_o principle_n he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 3._o art_n the_o last_o in_o these_o word_n but_o those_o that_o we_o call_v law_n of_o nature_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o certain_a conclusion_n understand_v by_o reason_n concern_v the_o do_v of_o thing_n whereas_o a_o law_n proper_o and_o accurate_o speak_v be_v the_o word_n of_o he_o that_o command_v something_o to_o be_v do_v or_o not_o do_v by_o other_o they_o be_v not_o law_n proper_o speak_v as_o they_o proceed_v from_o nature_n yet_o as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v give_v by_o god_n in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n they_o be_v proper_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o law_n which_o likewise_o he_o have_v more_o brief_o contract_v in_o his_o leviathan_n cap._n 15._o in_o these_o word_n these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n man_n use_v to_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o law_n but_o improper_o for_o they_o be_v but_o conclusion_n or_o theorem_n concern_v what_o conduce_v to_o the_o conservation_n and_o defence_n of_o themselves_o whereas_o law_n proper_o be_v the_o word_n of_o he_o that_o by_o right_n have_v a_o command_n over_o other_o but_o yet_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o same_o theorem_n as_o deliver_v in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n that_o by_o right_n command_v all_o thing_n then_o be_v they_o proper_o call_v law_n §_o 2._o the_o reason_n for_o which_o opinion_n he_o give_v we_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 5_o §_o 1_o 2_o 3._o in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v self-manife_a that_o the_o action_n of_o man_n do_v proceed_v from_o their_o will_n and_o their_o will_n from_o hope_n and_o fear_n so_o that_o as_o often_o as_o it_o seem_v that_o a_o great_a good_a or_o lesser_a evil_n be_v like_a to_o happen_v to_o they_o from_o the_o violation_n of_o law_n man_n willing_o violate_v they_o therefore_o every_o man_n hope_n of_o security_n and_o preservation_n be_v place_v in_o this_o that_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o prevent_v his_o neighbour_n either_o by_o his_o own_o force_n or_o art_n open_o or_o at_o unaware_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o present_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v know_v give_v sufficient_a security_n to_o every_o one_o of_o observe_v they_o and_o therefore_o as_o long_o as_o no_o caution_n can_v be_v obtain_v from_o the_o invasion_n of_o other_o that_o primitive_a right_n must_v still_o remain_v to_o every_o one_o of_o take_v care_n of_o himself_o by_o all_o the_o way_n that_o he_o will_v or_o can_v which_o be_v the_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n or_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o it_o suffice_v for_o the_o fulfil_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o any_o one_o shall_v be_v ready_a or_o willing_a to_o have_v peace_n when_o it_o may_v be_v have_v with_o security_n §_o 3._o so_o
likewise_o in_o his_o leviathan_n chap._n 14._o though_o he_o grant_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v yet_o because_o they_o be_v contrary_a to_o our_o natural_a passion_n that_o carry_v we_o to_o partiality_n pride_n revenge_n and_o the_o like_a and_o their_o covenant_n without_o the_o sword_n be_v but_o word_n and_o have_v no_o strength_n to_o secure_v a_o man_n at_o all_o therefore_o notwithstanding_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n if_o there_o be_v no_o power_n erect_v or_o not_o great_a enough_o for_o our_o security_n every_o man_n will_v and_o may_v lawful_o rely_v on_o his_o strength_n and_o art_n for_o caution_n against_o all_o other_o man_n and_o in_o his_o 15_o chap._n of_o his_o leviathan_n he_o far_o tell_v we_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n oblige_v in_o foro_fw-la interno_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o bind_v to_o a_o desire_n that_o they_o shall_v take_v place_n but_o in_o foro_fw-la externo_fw-la that_o be_v to_o the_o put_v they_o in_o act_n not_o always_o for_o he_o that_o shall_v be_v modest_a and_o tractable_a and_o perform_v all_o he_o promise_v in_o such_o time_n and_o place_n where_o no_o man_n else_o will_v do_v so_o shall_v but_o make_v himself_o a_o prey_n to_o other_o and_o procure_v his_o own_o certain_a ruin_n contrary_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o tend_v to_o nature_n preservation_n §_o 4._o i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a in_o give_v you_o his_o own_o word_n in_o this_o place_n because_o i_o can_v not_o well_o contract_v they_o without_o spoil_v his_o sense_n and_o also_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o see_v whether_o he_o be_v clear_o answer_v or_o not_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o if_o it_o be_v already_o make_v out_o in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n that_o in_o this_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v contain_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o do_v likewise_o appear_v to_o proceed_v from_o god_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o those_o reward_n and_o punishment_n he_o have_v annex_v to_o its_o observation_n and_o transgression_n then_o notwithstanding_o what_o mr._n h._n have_v here_o say_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v proper_o a_o law_n as_o have_v all_o the_o condition_n necessary_a thereunto_o but_o that_o which_o may_v lead_v mr._n h._n into_o this_o error_n be_v that_o all_o writer_n upon_o this_o subject_a think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o define_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v only_o a_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n without_o deduce_v its_o authority_n from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n or_o if_o they_o have_v suppose_v god_n the_o author_n of_o it_o as_o suarez_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la and_o grotius_n in_o his_o de_fw-la jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la have_v do_v yet_o they_o content_v themselves_o with_o suppose_v that_o god_n have_v impress_v these_o idea_n upon_o man_n soul_n as_o so_o many_o innate_a notion_n which_o they_o call_v the_o light_n of_o nature_n without_o show_v we_o by_o some_o more_o plain_a or_o certain_a mean_n as_o our_o author_n have_v do_v in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n how_o we_o may_v attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o law_n the_o weakness_n or_o precariousness_n of_o which_o hypothesis_n be_v discover_v by_o mr._n h._n give_v he_o occasion_n to_o suppose_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o a_o law_n for_o want_v of_o a_o legislator_n and_o far_o they_o have_v define_v this_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n which_o seem_v only_o proper_a to_o reveal_v or_o civil_a law_n deliver_v in_o some_o set_a form_n of_o word_n mr._n h._n have_v here_o also_o define_v a_o law_n to_o be_v the_o word_n or_o speech_n of_o he_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o command_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v or_o not_o to_o be_v do_v and_o so_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n not_o be_v deliver_v in_o any_o set_a form_n of_o word_n can_v be_v upon_o these_o ground_n proper_o law_n §_o 5._o but_o i_o think_v we_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o other_o thing_n without_o we_o do_v not_o consist_v in_o any_o set_a form_n of_o word_n but_o in_o those_o true_a notion_n or_o idea_n take_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o person_n bear_v deaf_a or_o dumb_a be_v capable_a of_o understand_v this_o law_n though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o word_n and_o mr._n h._n himself_o before_o he_o be_v aware_a do_v sufficient_o confess_v this_o truth_n in_o more_o place_n than_o one_o of_o his_o the_o cive_z for_o after_o he_o have_v in_o the_o last_o art_n of_o his_o three_o chap._n deny_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v proper_o law_n he_o begin_v his_o 4_o the_o chap._n with_o these_o word_n that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o natural_a and_o moral_a the_o same_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v also_o call_v the_o divine_a law_n nor_o undeserved_o because_o reason_n which_o be_v the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n be_v immediate_o give_v by_o god_n to_o every_o man_n as_o the_o rule_n of_o his_o action_n as_o also_o because_o the_o precept_n of_o life_n which_o be_v thence_o derive_v be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v give_v by_o the_o divine_a majesty_n for_o the_o law_n of_o his_o heavenly_a kingdom_n by_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n and_o his_o holy_a apostle_n those_o thing_n therefore_o which_o may_v be_v before_o understand_v by_o reason_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o same_o we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o confirm_v from_o the_o holy_a scripture_n so_o likewise_o in_o his_o 15_o the_o chap._n article_n 3._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o law_n of_o god_n be_v declare_v after_o a_o threefold_a manner_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v by_o the_o tacit_fw-la dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n from_o both_o which_o place_n we_o may_v plain_o collect_v that_o if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n and_o if_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n or_o reason_n be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o that_o right_a reason_n be_v the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v immediate_o give_v by_o god_n to_o every_o man_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o his_o action_n it_o will_v likewise_o as_o necessary_o follow_v that_o those_o law_n or_o dictate_v of_o reason_n be_v also_o divine_a since_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n nor_o will_v it_o serve_v his_o turn_n to_o allege_v as_o he_o do_v in_o his_o leviathan_n 15._o chap._n that_o the_o same_o law_n viz._n of_o nature_n because_o they_o oblige_v only_o to_o a_o desire_n and_o endeavour_n i_o mean_v a_o unfeigned_a and_o constant_a endeavour_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v observe_v for_o in_o that_o he_o require_v nothing_o but_o endeavour_n he_o that_o endeavour_v their_o performance_n as_o far_o as_o he_o can_v fulfil_v they_o and_o he_o that_o fulfil_v the_o law_n be_v just_a §_o 6._o this_o will_v prove_v a_o mere_a evasion_n if_o you_o please_v to_o consider_v that_o unless_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n regard_v the_o outward_a action_n of_o man_n they_o can_v partake_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o law_n nor_o do_v they_o carry_v any_o obligation_n along_o with_o they_o because_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o seek_v peace_n with_o other_o or_o to_o depart_v from_o our_o natural_a right_n by_o any_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n alone_o without_o outward_a action_n and_o most_o of_o those_o action_n do_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n necessary_o regard_v and_o concern_v other_o beside_o ourselves_o but_o if_o he_o shall_v reply_v that_o such_o action_n be_v improper_o call_v law_n for_o want_v of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n to_o this_o we_o may_v likewise_o return_v that_o we_o have_v already_o full_o prove_v in_o this_o discourse_n that_o they_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o true_a force_n of_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o the_o condition_n necessary_a thereunto_o and_o he_o himself_o in_o his_o leviathan_n chap._n 21._o do_v express_o acknowledge_v and_o set_v down_o divers_a of_o those_o natural_a punishment_n which_o be_v appoint_v by_o god_n as_o natural_a effect_n of_o the_o transgression_n or_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o passage_n because_o i_o have_v already_o transcribe_v it_o in_o the_o discourse_n itself_o chap._n 3._o i_o shall_v therefore_o refer_v you_o thither_o but_o in_o short_a if_o there_o be_v no_o law_n of_o nature_n proper_o so_o call_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n it_o will_v likewise_o necessary_o follow_v that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o natural_a right_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o so_o his_o right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n and_o to_o
make_v war_n upon_o all_o man_n will_v be_v very_o improper_o call_v a_o right_n for_o they_o can_v be_v proper_o so_o but_o as_o they_o be_v grant_v or_o permit_v we_o by_o some_o law_n proper_o so_o call_v which_o in_o this_o state_n can_v only_o be_v those_o of_o god_n or_o nature_n §_o 7._o but_o we_o be_v weary_a of_o such_o contradiction_n and_o therefore_o let_v we_o now_o far_o examine_v the_o only_a reason_n he_o bring_v why_o he_o deny_v their_o obligation_n to_o external_a act_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n viz._n because_o we_o can_v be_v secure_v that_o other_o will_v observe_v they_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o our_o preservation_n and_o therefore_o infer_v that_o every_o man_n hope_n of_o his_o own_o security_n be_v place_v in_o this_o that_o by_o his_o own_o force_n or_o wiles_n he_o may_v prevent_v his_o neighbour_n open_o or_o at_o unaware_o this_o be_v that_o invincible_a argument_n which_o seem_v strong_a enough_o in_o his_o judgement_n to_o destroy_v all_o outward_a obligation_n to_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n yet_o i_o think_v for_o all_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a enough_o to_o be_v answer_v and_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o reply_v that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o suppose_v such_o a_o perfect_a security_n to_o be_v afford_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n concern_v other_o man_n observe_v they_o as_o must_v needs_o be_v free_a from_o all_o fear_n before_o we_o can_v be_v oblige_v to_o external_a action_n conformable_a to_o they_o for_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n be_v know_v whereby_o he_o establish_v these_o law_n there_o will_v arise_v a_o certain_a obligation_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o such_o external_a action_n though_o some_o man_n may_v be_v so_o wicked_a as_o to_o break_v or_o neglect_v they_o and_o to_o practise_v evil_a and_o violent_a action_n towards_o those_o that_o will_v observe_v they_o but_o i_o shall_v now_o far_o prove_v notwithstanding_o this_o objection_n that_o we_o be_v under_o a_o great_a obligation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n than_o we_o be_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o our_o country_n to_o who_o external_a obedience_n he_o will_v have_v all_o man_n whatsoever_o oblige_v for_o all_o person_n although_o they_o be_v not_o under_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n yet_o be_v all_o member_n of_o the_o same_o more_o large_a empire_n of_o god_n himself_o now_o it_o be_v most_o notorious_a that_o those_o that_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o same_o civil_a power_n can_v be_v perfect_o secure_a either_o that_o their_o fellow-subject_n will_v observe_v all_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o abstain_v from_o murder_n robbery_n or_o rebellion_n etc._n etc._n or_o that_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n can_v or_o will_v always_o punish_v all_o the_o transgressor_n of_o his_o law_n especial_o where_o faction_n be_v potent_a though_o he_o be_v never_o so_o watchful_a over_o the_o public_a good_n so_o that_o if_o to_o these_o cautious_a man_n of_o mr._n h_n principle_n it_o seem_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o their_o outward_a obligation_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n if_o it_o appear_v more_o probable_a that_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n both_o will_n and_o can_v take_v care_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o his_o law_n by_o protect_v the_o obedient_a and_o punish_v the_o refractory_a than_o that_o he_o will_v forbear_v or_o neglect_v so_o to_o do_v it_o will_v likewise_o follow_v that_o to_o all_o man_n who_o exercise_v true_a piety_n and_o obedience_n to_o god_n natural_a law_n their_o obligation_n to_o observe_v they_o will_v not_o prove_v the_o more_o infirm_a though_o god_n do_v not_o always_o present_o and_o immediate_o punish_v all_o the_o transgression_n and_o violation_n of_o his_o natural_a law_n it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a security_n to_o they_o of_o his_o goodness_n and_o justice_n since_o he_o will_v certain_o inflict_v more_o severe_a punishment_n upon_o their_o transgressor_n either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v than_o any_o humane_a power_n can_v do_v upon_o offender_n against_o their_o civil_a law_n so_o that_o if_o mr._n h_n argument_n be_v valid_a not_o only_o the_o outward_a obligation_n of_o all_o natural_a but_o also_o of_o all_o civil_a law_n will_v be_v quite_o destroy_v since_o in_o neither_o state_n we_o can_v be_v perfect_o secure_a that_o all_o other_o will_v observe_v they_o and_o indeed_o he_o demand_v that_o which_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a when_o he_o require_v a_o absolute_a and_o perfect_a security_n concern_v future_a voluntary_a action_n either_o in_o a_o civil_a or_o a_o natural_a state_n which_o as_o such_o can_v be_v only_o contingent_a §_o 8._o but_o if_o he_o will_v permit_v we_o to_o call_v that_o a_o state_n of_o security_n which_o be_v the_o most_o free_a of_o any_o from_o the_o fear_n of_o future_a danger_n or_o misery_n we_o assert_v that_o god_n have_v make_v it_o manifest_v to_o all_o man_n by_o all_o those_o sign_n which_o we_o have_v already_o show_v to_o be_v sufficient_a to_o evince_v our_o obligation_n that_o even_o out_o of_o a_o civil_a government_n he_o shall_v be_v much_o more_o safe_a from_o all_o sort_n of_o evil_a who_o shall_v most_o strict_o and_o constant_o observe_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o his_o outward_a action_n as_o well_o as_o internal_a inclination_n than_o he_o who_o according_a to_o mr._n h_n doctrine_n shall_v seek_v this_o security_n by_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v and_o assault_v all_o other_o man_n by_o force_n or_o fraud_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a when_o we_o compare_v the_o danger_n or_o security_n of_o the_o good_a or_o just_a man_n which_o be_v only_o those_o who_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o their_o outward_a action_n as_o also_o of_o the_o wicked_a or_o unjust_a who_o do_v otherwise_o to_o make_v a_o true_a experiment_n which_o of_o these_o will_v give_v most_o certain_a security_n there_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v reckon_v into_o this_o account_n those_o evil_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o they_o from_o the_o violence_n of_o other_o man_n but_o also_o those_o which_o such_o wicked_a man_n bring_v upon_o themselves_o by_o their_o inconstant_a and_o unreasonable_a way_n of_o live_v as_o also_o by_o their_o inordinate_a passion_n such_o as_o envy_n anger_n intemperance_n etc._n etc._n and_o moreover_o all_o those_o evil_n or_o punishment_n which_o may_v with_o reason_n be_v fear_v from_o god_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o in_o that_o to_o come_v which_o also_o be_v to_o be_v compare_v not_o in_o any_o one_o particular_a case_n or_o in_o a_o few_o circumstance_n only_o but_o in_o all_o those_o that_o may_v happen_v through_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o life_n for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o we_o shall_v true_o judge_v which_o course_n of_o life_n either_o that_o of_o constant_a justice_n or_o injustice_n will_v be_v more_o secure_a but_o we_o have_v i_o hope_v already_o sufficient_o make_v out_o that_o their_o condition_n be_v much_o more_o happy_a and_o secure_a who_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o action_n than_o those_o who_o act_n otherwise_o to_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o although_o mr._n h._n himself_o when_o he_o treat_v of_o the_o security_n requisite_a to_o the_o outward_a observation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v whole_o insist_v upon_o a_o perfect_a security_n from_o the_o invasion_n of_o other_o man_n and_o affirm_v because_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n that_o therefore_o no_o body_n be_v oblige_v in_o that_o state_n to_o outward_a act_n of_o justice_n but_o have_v still_o a_o right_n to_o all_o thing_n and_o of_o make_v war_n upon_o all_o man_n yet_o in_o other_o place_n of_o his_o book_n as_o if_o he_o have_v forget_v himself_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v although_o but_o spare_o that_o he_o himself_o perceive_v that_o there_o be_v a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o a_o external_a conformity_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n even_o out_o of_o a_o civil_a state_n lest_o we_o shall_v fall_v into_o other_o evil_n beside_o those_o which_o may_v be_v fear_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o man_n as_o for_o example_n when_o he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 3._o §_o 2_o 3._o that_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o all_o man_n he_o fetch_v his_o reason_n from_o hence_o that_o he_o who_o violate_v his_o covenant_n commit_v a_o contradiction_n which_o he_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v a_o absurdity_n in_o humane_a conversation_n and_o therefore_o if_o he_o can_v admit_v in_o this_o case_n that_o it_o be_v better_a to_o observe_v than_o to_o violate_v our_o covenant_n lest_o we_o shall_v fall_v into_o a_o contradiction_n what_o reason_n be_v there_o why_o we_o shall_v not_o also_o universal_o infer_v the_o same_o consequence_n from_o
the_o breach_n of_o every_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o consequent_o a_o obligation_n to_o all_o their_o outward_a action_n so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v better_a to_o observe_v than_o to_o transgress_v they_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n because_o their_o violation_n do_v still_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n or_o absurdity_n in_o all_o humane_a society_n or_o conversation_n for_o whosoever_o will_v serious_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o rational_a agent_n will_v acknowledge_v that_o all_o the_o felicity_n possible_a for_o they_o do_v depend_v upon_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n as_o its_o necessary_a and_o adequate_a cause_n and_o therefore_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o seek_v both_o of_o they_o together_o for_o whensoever_o he_o transgress_v any_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o than_o separate_v his_o own_o private_a good_a or_o advantage_n from_o that_o of_o the_o public_a which_o be_v contradictory_n way_n of_o act_v must_v needs_o raise_v a_o civil_a war_n or_o contest_v in_o a_o man_n own_o conscience_n between_o his_o reason_n and_o his_o passion_n which_o must_v grievous_o disturb_v its_o tranquillity_n which_o evil_a since_o it_o also_o take_v away_o his_o peace_n and_o security_n be_v no_o contemptible_a punishment_n natural_o inflict_v by_o god_n for_o such_o offence_n §_o 9_o i_o shall_v now_o only_o propose_v two_o reason_n more_o whereby_o i_o think_v we_o may_v demonstrate_v the_o falseness_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o mr._n h._n the_o first_o be_v that_o presumption_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n both_o in_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o kingdom_n which_o sufficient_o declare_v what_o judgement_n civil_a sovereign_n who_o this_o author_n make_v the_o only_a judge_n of_o right_a or_o wrong_n have_v make_v of_o humane_a nature_n to_o wit_n that_o every_o one_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v good_a until_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o some_o outward_a action_n and_o that_o make_v out_o by_o sufficient_a proof_n or_o testimony_n and_o therefore_o if_o their_o judgement_n be_v true_a he_o must_v own_v all_o other_o man_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o enemy_n or_o so_o wicked_a as_o he_o be_v please_v to_o suppose_v so_o that_o they_o may_v be_v set_v upon_o and_o kill_v though_o never_o so_o innocent_a for_o any_o private_a man_n security_n and_o this_o presumption_n be_v more_o strong_a against_o mr._n h._n because_o he_o find_v that_o security_n which_o he_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v sufficient_a in_o commonwealth_n upon_o those_o punishment_n by_o which_o the_o supreme_a power_n can_v restrain_v all_o invader_n of_o other_o man_n right_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v in_o civil_a state_n unless_o according_a to_o the_o sentence_n of_o some_o judge_n who_o always_o give_v sentence_n according_a to_o this_o presumption_n this_o therefore_o be_v either_o a_o true_a presumption_n and_o so_o able_a to_o direct_v our_o action_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o even_o in_o commonwealth_n there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v a_o sufficient_a security_n by_o the_o law_n make_v and_o punishment_n inflict_v according_a to_o this_o presumption_n and_o so_o neither_o civil_a law_n themselves_o do_v oblige_v we_o to_o outward_a act_n and_o thus_o every_o commonwealth_n will_v soon_o be_v dissolve_v but_o since_o we_o be_v satisfy_v that_o public_a judgement_n give_v according_a to_o this_o presumption_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n render_v man_n life_n secure_a enough_o and_o certain_o much_o more_o safe_a than_o if_o all_o who_o be_v arraign_v at_o the_o bar_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v enemy_n and_o according_a to_o mr._n h_n rule_n of_o prevention_n shall_v be_v all_o forthwith_o condemn_v to_o suffer_v as_o guilty_a therefore_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o the_o private_a judgement_n of_o particular_a man_n concern_v other_o make_v according_a to_o this_o presumption_n do_v more_o conduce_v to_o the_o security_n of_o all_o man_n than_o this_o author_n rash_a presumption_n of_o the_o universal_a pravity_n of_o all_o man_n and_o will_v thence_o persuade_v we_o that_o all_o other_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v prevent_v and_o set_v upon_o by_o force_n and_o fraud_n §_o 10._o a_o second_o reason_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o to_o outward_a act_n will_v procure_v we_o less_o security_n than_o their_o exact_a observation_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o hence_o that_o mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v there_o will_v thence_o necessary_o follow_v a_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o which_o war_n be_v once_o suppose_v he_o right_o acknowledge_v that_o all_o man_n will_v become_v miserable_a and_o must_v present_o perish_v from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o all_o security_n be_v seek_v for_o in_o vain_a by_o this_o mad_a state_n so_o that_o there_o can_v remain_v no_o more_o hope_n of_o it_o tho_o mr._n h._n teach_v otherwise_o in_o his_o the_o cive_z cap._n 5._o §_o 1._o and_o leu._n cap._n 13._o viz._n that_o in_o the_o mutual_a fear_n of_o man_n no_o body_n have_v a_o better_a way_n of_o security_n than_o by_o this_o anticipation_n or_o prevention_n that_o be_v every_o one_o may_v endeavour_v so_o long_o to_o subject_v all_o other_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n as_o he_o see_v any_o man_n leave_v of_o who_o he_o ought_v to_o beware_v that_o be_v as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v one_o man_n leave_v alive_a and_o so_o the_o whole_a earth_n will_v soon_o become_v a_o desert_n and_o the_o common_a sepulchre_n of_o mankind_n for_o no_o man_n can_v provide_v any_o aid_n or_o assistance_n for_o himself_o from_o other_o man_n in_o this_o state_n because_o covenant_n of_o mutual_a faith_n by_o which_o alone_a other_o can_v be_v join_v in_o society_n with_o he_o will_v not_o oblige_v to_o external_a act_n in_o this_o state_n as_o i_o have_v show_v he_o acknowledge_v and_o therefore_o there_o remain_v no_o security_n by_o this_o way_n of_o anticipation_n so_o that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o security_n in_o nature_n i_o appeal_v to_o the_o reason_n and_o conscience_n of_o man_n whether_o this_o be_v not_o more_o likely_a to_o be_v have_v by_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n by_o do_v good_a and_o not_o evil_a to_o those_o who_o have_v do_v we_o no_o harm_n than_o by_o mr._n h.'s_n method_n of_o anticipation_n which_o can_v yield_v no_o security_n at_o all_o principle_n x._o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v alterable_a at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n §_o 1._o this_o be_v a_o natural_a consequence_n from_o what_o he_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o that_o nothing_o be_v moral_o good_a or_o evil_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n before_o the_o institution_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n yet_o that_o you_o may_v see_v that_o i_o do_v not_o impose_v upon_o mr._n h._n in_o this_o assertion_n i_o will_v give_v you_o his_o own_o word_n in_o his_o the_o cive_z cap._n 14._o §_o 9_o 10._o but_o because_o it_o arise_v from_o civil_a law_n that_o as_o well_o every_o one_o shall_v have_v a_o proper_a right_n to_o himself_o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o another_o as_o also_o that_o he_o may_v be_v forbid_v to_o invade_v other_o man_n property_n it_o follow_v that_o these_o precept_n honour_v thy_o parent_n thou_o shall_v not_o defraud_v any_o man_n in_o that_o which_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o law_n thou_o may_v not_o kill_v a_o man_n who_o the_o law_n forbid_v thou_o to_o kill_v thou_o shall_v avoid_v all_o carnal_a copulation_n forbid_v by_o the_o law_n thou_o shall_v not_o take_v away_o another_o man_n good_n without_o his_o consent_n thou_o shall_v not_o frustrate_v law_n and_o judgement_n by_o false_a witness_n be_v all_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v true_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n prescribe_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o immplicity_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v say_v before_o cap._n 3._o §_o 2._o command_n compact_n to_o be_v observe_v and_o therefore_o also_o to_o yield_v obedience_n when_o obedience_n be_v covenant_v and_o to_o abstain_v from_o what_o be_v another_o when_o it_o be_v define_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n what_o it_o be_v but_o all_o the_o subject_n do_v covenant_n from_o the_o constitution_n ojh_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o his_o command_n who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n that_o be_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v oblige_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n where_o first_o of_o all_o where_o nature_n give_v all_o thing_n to_o all_o man_n nothing_o be_v another_o and_o therefore_o impossible_a to_o invade_v it_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n where_o all_o thing_n be_v common_a therefore_o also_o all_o carnal_a copulation_n be_v lawful_a three_o where_o there_o be_v a_o state_n of_o war_n it_o be_v then_o lawful_a to_o kill_v any_o man_n four_o where_o all_o thing_n
be_v determine_v by_o a_o man_n be_v own_o judgement_n therefore_o also_o be_v the_o honour_n and_o duty_n due_a to_o father_n last_o where_o there_o be_v no_o public_a judgement_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o give_v testimony_n either_o true_a or_o false_a since_o therefore_o the_o obligation_n to_o observe_v those_o law_n be_v prior_n to_o the_o promulgation_n of_o they_o as_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o prohibit_v the_o violation_n of_o compact_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v all_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o where_o we_o be_v under_o a_o obligation_n to_o obedience_n before_o we_o know_v what_o will_v be_v command_v we_o be_v there_o universal_o and_o in_o all_o thing_n oblige_v to_o obey_v from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o no_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v not_o make_v in_o reproach_n to_o god_n in_o respect_n of_o who_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o at_o their_o own_o disposal_n nor_o can_v be_v say_v to_o give_v law_n can_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o although_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n prohibit_v theft_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n yet_o if_o the_o civil_a law_n shall_v command_v you_o to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n from_o another_o or_o to_o lie_v with_o any_o woman_n that_o be_v not_o theft_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_n of_o old_a when_o by_o a_o certain_a law_n they_o permit_v their_o boy_n private_o to_o take_v away_o other_o people_n good_n they_o than_o command_v those_o good_n not_o to_o be_v the_o owner_n but_o they_o who_o thus_o steal_v they_o and_o therefore_o such_o a_o private_a take_n be_v no_o theft_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o promiscuous_a copulation_n of_o sex_n among_o the_o heathen_n according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n be_v lawful_a marriage_n §_o 2._o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o mr._n h_n have_v write_v more_o rude_o and_o wicked_o and_o wherein_o he_o more_o contradict_v himself_o than_o in_o this_o assertion_n concern_v the_o mutability_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o to_o outward_a action_n since_o he_o himself_o tell_v we_o immediate_o after_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a and_o eternal_a and_o that_o injustice_n ingratitude_n arrogance_n pride_n iniquity_n acception_n of_o person_n and_o the_o like_a can_v never_o be_v make_v lawful_a for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v that_o war_n shall_v preserve_v life_n and_o peace_n destroy_v it_o but_o how_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v immutable_a and_o yet_o alterable_a as_o to_o outward_a action_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n i_o can_v comprehend_v but_o since_o we_o have_v already_o destroy_v those_o two_o main_a principle_n introductive_a to_o this_o viz._n that_o no_o action_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n till_o either_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o god_n or_o that_o of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n have_v make_v it_o so_o and_o also_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o law_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v the_o only_a reason_n he_o here_o give_v we_o for_o this_o assertion_n which_o be_v this_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o prohibit_v the_o violation_n of_o compact_n command_v all_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v observe_v since_o our_o obedience_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o compact_n that_o man_n make_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n grant_v all_o which_o to_o be_v true_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o absolute_o or_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o this_o obedience_n be_v promise_v but_o only_o in_o such_o as_o regard_v the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o tend_v to_o the_o common_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n for_o if_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n shall_v make_v a_o law_n that_o every_o one_o may_v knock_v his_o father_n in_o the_o head_n when_o he_o come_v to_o such_o a_o age_n and_o marry_v his_o mother_n or_o rob_v any_o other_o man_n though_o his_o dear_a friend_n of_o all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n all_o these_o wicked_a action_n will_v become_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v nay_o every_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v they_o if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v all_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v observe_v without_o distinction_n but_o he_o here_o tell_v we_o that_o no_o civil_a law_n can_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v not_o make_v in_o direct_a reproach_n to_o god_n and_o upon_o this_o principle_n no_o law_n can_v be_v so_o but_o what_o direct_o deny_v his_o existence_n since_o in_o his_o leviathan_n ch._n he_o make_v even_o idolatry_n lawful_a if_o it_o be_v once_o command_v by_o his_o infallible_a leviathan_n the_o supreme_a power_n but_o if_o mr._n h._n have_v but_o read_v and_o consider_v any_o ordinary_a system_fw-la of_o ethic_n he_o will_v have_v find_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o principle_n in_o that_o science_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n like_o the_o moral_a virtue_n be_v so_o near_o link_v and_o have_v such_o a_o inseparable_a dependence_n upon_o each_o other_o that_o the_o first_o and_o prio_fw-la law_n of_o nature_n can_v never_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o latter_a or_o secondary_a and_o therefore_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o compact_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o obedience_n to_o the_o command_v of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n be_v one_o of_o those_o compact_n which_o man_n make_v when_o they_o institute_v and_o enter_v into_o a_o commonwealth_n or_o civil_a state_n yet_o be_v those_o promise_n of_o obedience_n only_o make_v concern_v such_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v command_v or_o permit_v to_o be_v do_v in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o grant_v therefore_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o may_v appoint_v what_o outward_a reward_n or_o punishment_n they_o please_v for_o the_o observation_n or_o transgression_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o also_o in_o order_n to_o this_o end_n may_v ordain_v what_o outward_a act_n shall_v be_v call_v murder_n adultery_n theft_n etc._n etc._n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o alter_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o moral_a action_n and_o so_o make_v a_o new_a law_n of_o nature_n though_o i_o own_o they_o may_v enlarge_v or_o restrain_v their_o exercise_n in_o some_o particular_a action_n or_o instance_n but_o since_o this_o be_v best_a clear_v by_o example_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o some_o of_o each_o sort_n first_o therefore_o though_o our_o law_n give_v leave_v to_o man_n to_o converse_v alone_o with_o marry_a woman_n without_o any_o crime_n yet_o in_o divers_a country_n it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o whoever_o be_v find_v alone_o in_o the_o company_n of_o another_o man_n wife_n without_o his_o leave_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v they_o both_o because_o such_o private_a congress_n be_v esteem_v as_o bad_a as_o downright_a adultery_n the_o punishment_n of_o it_o be_v leave_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o husband_n but_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o supreme_a power_n may_v make_v a_o law_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o a_o husband_n to_o kill_v every_o man_n that_o shall_v but_o happen_v to_o look_v upon_o his_o wife_n because_o he_o may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n commit_v adultery_n with_o she_o in_o his_o heart_n so_o likewise_o by_o our_o law_n the_o husband_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o father_n of_o all_o child_n which_o his_o wife_n shall_v bring_v forth_o if_o he_o be_v within_o the_o english_a dominion_n at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o child_n be_v beget_v though_o he_o be_v at_o that_o same_o time_n a_o hundred_o mile_n off_o and_o though_o the_o mother_n shall_v assure_v the_o child_n that_o not_o her_o husband_n but_o another_o man_n be_v real_o his_o father_n yet_o be_v not_o such_o a_o child_n oblige_v to_o believe_v she_o or_o to_o pay_v any_o duty_n or_o respect_n to_o that_o person_n though_o he_o be_v real_o his_o father_n but_o will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n may_v make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o child_n whatsoever_o shall_v honour_n and_o obey_v his_o parent_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o author_n last_o instance_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a boy_n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o spartan_n as_o the_o egyptian_n likewise_o do_v to_o make_v a_o law_n that_o private_a theft_n commit_v without_o discovery_n or_o violence_n to_o man_n person_n shall_v not_o only_o alter_v the_o property_n in_o the_o thing_n steal_v but_o also_o pass_v
unpunished_a since_o this_o may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n and_o may_v also_o tend_v to_o the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n since_o it_o may_v not_o only_o make_v man_n more_o careful_a of_o their_o good_n but_o may_v also_o serve_v to_o make_v those_o boy_n more_o crafty_a secret_a and_o undertake_v in_o great_a matter_n when_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o be_v man_n which_o as_o plutarch_n tell_v we_o be_v the_o main_a reason_n why_o lycurgus_n make_v this_o law_n but_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o either_o the_o lacedaemonian_n or_o egyptian_n may_v have_v make_v it_o lawful_a for_o thief_n and_o robber_n to_o assault_v all_o man_n person_n and_o take_v away_o their_o good_n by_o force_n or_o to_o rob_v man_n of_o those_o thing_n such_o as_o food_n and_o raiment_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o human_a life_n or_o that_o such_o a_o law_n can_v ever_o have_v be_v make_v practicable_a or_o have_v be_v observe_v without_o the_o absolute_a dissolution_n of_o the_o civil_a government_n whereas_o if_o mr._n h._n have_v but_o consider_v the_o distinction_n between_o that_o natural_a and_o civil_a property_n which_o we_o have_v make_v out_o in_o the_o first_o chap._n of_o the_o precede_a discourse_n he_o have_v never_o fall_v into_o this_o error_n of_o suppose_v all_o theft_n or_o robbery_n whatsoever_o to_o become_v lawful_a if_o once_o ordain_v so_o by_o the_o supreme_a power_n §_o 3._o i_o shall_v give_v you_o but_o one_o instance_n more_o from_o the_o law_n of_o our_o own_o kingdom_n by_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o whoever_o shall_v relieve_v a_o way_n go_v beggar_n 7._o shall_v forfeit_v ten_o shilling_n to_o the_o poor_a of_o the_o parish_n which_o law_n be_v make_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o to_o prevent_v wander_v idleness_n and_o beggary_n in_o the_o poor_a sort_n of_o people_n but_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n to_o make_v a_o law_n against_o all_o charity_n or_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a whatsoever_o so_o that_o you_o may_v see_v that_o no_o civil_a law_n whatsoever_o can_v lay_v any_o obligation_n upon_o man_n conscience_n but_o as_o they_o either_o regard_v the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o the_o more_o general_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n §_o 4._o but_o whether_o mr._n h._n fell_a into_o this_o error_n for_o want_n of_o a_o due_a knowledge_n and_o consideration_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o flatter_v all_o civil_a sovereign_n be_v hard_o to_o determine_v though_o it_o be_v very_o suspicious_a that_o he_o do_v it_o rather_o out_o of_o design_n than_o ignorance_n since_o he_o teach_v we_o in_o his_o the_o cive_z and_o leu._n that_o prince_n be_v free_a from_o all_o promise_n and_o compact_n to_o their_o subject_n may_v dispose_v of_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o therefore_o can_v do_v they_o no_o injury_n though_o they_o treat_v they_o never_o so_o cruel_o because_o he_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o still_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o at_o once_o endeavour_n to_o destroy_v all_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n in_o prince_n and_o all_o reverence_n and_o respect_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o their_o subject_n and_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o nero_n or_o caligula_n and_o a_o trajan_n or_o a_o antonine_n and_o consequential_a to_o this_o he_o likewise_o make_v the_o will_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n though_o perhaps_o but_o one_o single_a man_n to_o be_v the_o only_a measure_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a just_a and_o unjust_a so_o that_o whatever_o he_o command_v or_o forbid_v must_v immediate_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o good_a or_o evil_a because_o he_o have_v command_v it_o or_o forbid_v it_o by_o which_o mean_n prince_n will_v have_v no_o other_o rule_n leave_v they_o of_o their_o moral_n or_o politic_a action_n but_o their_o own_o arbitrary_a humour_n or_o will_n which_o if_o it_o be_v so_o man_n will_v be_v in_o a_o much_o worse_a condition_n under_o the_o power_n of_o this_o irresistible_a leviathan_n than_o they_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n since_o a_o man_n be_v in_o more_o danger_n as_o to_o his_o life_n and_o fortune_n who_o be_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o one_o cruel_a and_o unreasonable_a man_n who_o command_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n than_o he_o who_o be_v before_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o single_a man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n since_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o have_v provide_v for_o his_o own_o security_n by_o combination_n with_o other_o which_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n it_o be_v upon_o his_o principle_n unlawful_a to_o do_v though_o i_o confess_v not_o be_v true_a to_o they_o he_o leave_v every_o man_n a_o right_n of_o self-defence_n or_o resistance_n even_o under_o a_o civil_a government_n whenever_o he_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o rebel_n or_o resist_v the_o magistrate_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o take_v away_o with_o one_o hand_n all_o that_o he_o have_v before_o bestow_v with_o the_o other_o §_o 5._o but_o i_o think_v i_o have_v now_o sufficient_o expose_v the_o falseness_n as_o well_o as_o wickedness_n of_o those_o principle_n and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o be_v so_o uncharitable_a as_o to_o affirm_v that_o either_o mr._n h._n or_o all_o his_o follower_n either_o do_v or_o will_v always_o act_v according_a to_o they_o yet_o as_o cicero_n long_o since_o observe_v in_o his_o office_n they_o have_v more_o reason_n to_o thank_v the_o natural_a goodness_n and_o generosity_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n than_o the_o doctrine_n they_o have_v embrace_v if_o they_o do_v not_o but_o if_o i_o have_v be_v too_o tedious_a in_o the_o performance_n i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v pardon_v i_o if_o these_o pernicious_a principle_n be_v sufficient_o confute_v at_o last_o since_o it_o 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at_o michaelmas_n 1691._o his_o lordship_n be_v make_v custos_fw-la rotulorum_fw-la for_o the_o say_a county_n by_o the_o late_a lord_n commissioner_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n truth_n bring_v to_o light_n or_o the_o history_n of_o the_o first_o 14_o year_n of_o king_n james_n the_o i._o in_o four_o part_n i._o the_o happy_a state_n of_o england_n at_o his_o majesty_n entrance_n the_o corruption_n of_o it_o afterward_o with_o the_o rise_v of_o particular_a favourite_n and_o the_o division_n between_o this_o and_o other_o state_n abroad_o ii_o the_o divorce_n betwixt_o the_o lady_n francis_n howard_n and_o robert_n earl_n of_o essex_n before_o the_o king_n delegate_n authorize_v under_o the_o king_n be_v broad_a seal_n as_o also_o the_o arraignment_n of_o sir_n jervis_n yelvis_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o tower_n etc._n etc._n about_o the_o murder_n of_o sir_n thomas_n overbury_n with_o all_o proceed_n thereupon_o and_o the_o king_n be_v gracious_a pardon_n and_o favour_n to_o the_o countess_n iii_o a_o declaration_n of_o his_o majesty_n revenue_n since_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n with_o the_o annual_a issue_n gift_n pension_n and_o extraordinary_a disbursement_n iv._o the_o commission_n and_o warrant_n for_o the_o burn_a of_o two_o heretic_n new_o revive_v with_o two_o pardon_n one_o for_o theophilus_n higgon_n the_o other_o for_o sir_n eustace_n hart._n the_o memoir_n of_o mounseur_fw-fr deageant_fw-fr contain_v the_o most_o secret_a transaction_n and_o affair_n of_o france_n from_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n vi_o till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o cardinal_n de_fw-fr richlieu_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o particular_a relation_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o embrun_n voyage_n into_o england_n and_o of_o his_o negotiation_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n here_o together_o with_o the_o duke_n of_o bukingham_n letter_n to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n about_o the_o progress_n of_o that_o affair_n which_o happen_v the_o last_o year_n of_o k._n james_n i._o his_o reign_n faithful_o translate_v out_o of_o the_o french_a original_a the_o present_a state_n of_o christendom_n consider_v in_o nine_o dialogue_n between_o i._o the_o present_a pope_n alexander_n the_o viiith_o and_o lewis_n the_o fourteen_o ii_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n iii_o king_n james_n the_o second_o and_o the_o marescal_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr fuillade_n iv._o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o schomberg_n v._o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n and_o the_o elector_n palatine_n vi_o lewis_n the_o xivth_o and_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr louvois_n vii_o the_o advoyer_n of_o berne_n and_o the_o chief_a syndic_n of_o geneva_n viii_o cardinal_n ottoboni_n and_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr chaulnes_n ix_o the_o young_a prince_n abafti_n and_o count_n tecke_o a_o new_a plain_a short_a and_o complete_a french_a and_o english_a grammar_n whereby_o the_o learner_n may_v attain_v in_o few_o month_n to_o speak_v and_o write_v french_a correct_o as_o they_o do_v now_o in_o the_o court_n of_o france_n and_o wherein_o all_o that_o be_v dark_a superfluous_a and_o deficient_a in_o other_o grammar_n be_v plain_a short_a and_o methodical_o supply_v also_o very_o useful_a to_o stranger_n that_o be_v desirous_a to_o learn_v the_o english_a tongue_n for_o who_o sake_n be_v add_v a_o short_a but_o very_o exact_a english_a grammar_n the_o second_o edition_n by_o peter_n berault_n berault_n dr._n joh._n lock_n vide_fw-la chap._n des_fw-fr pensees_n morales_n book_n 8._o chap._n 3._o vid._n his_o essay_n concern_v humane_a understanding_n book_n i._n chap._n 11._o 11._o vide_fw-la the_o preface_n to_o de_fw-fr cive_z vid._n mezeray_n hist._n in_o the_o life_n of_o this_o prince_n leviath_n part_n i._n chap._n 12._o 12._o vid._n dr._n parker_n demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n pag._n 24._o demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 23._o credendum_fw-la est_fw-la totum_fw-la qd_n colitur_fw-la deus_fw-la homini_fw-la prodesse_fw-la non_fw-la deo_fw-la de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n x._o cap._n 5._o matt._n 12.7_o 8._o mark_v 2.27_o luk._n 10.30_o vâ—_n jo._n lerius_fw-la hist._n brasil_n as_o also_o the_o french_a history_n of_o the_o caribbè_a island_n island_n vid._n dr._n parker_n ecclesiastical_a policy_n chap._n 4._o p._n 126_o 127._o vi._n diog._n laert._n in_o vita_fw-la epicuri_fw-la stat_n 7._o jacobi_n cap._n 7._o