and_o vilna_n for_o the_o polonian_n believe_v that_o it_o very_o much_o avail_v both_o to_o the_o security_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o to_o confirm_v the_o allegiance_n of_o they_o that_o obey_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o the_o generality_n who_o can_v then_o have_v no_o pretence_n to_o complain_v of_o their_o own_o act._n the_o place_n of_o election_n be_v in_o a_o open_a field_n not_o far_o from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n wola_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o they_o who_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n it_o be_v mark_v out_o by_o the_o marshal_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n when_o the_o day_n of_o election_n be_v come_v and_o the_o senator_n all_o meet_v the_o interrex_n ask_v the_o question_n three_o time_n whether_o it_o be_v their_o pleasure_n to_o command_v that_o such_o a_o one_o shall_v be_v declare_v king_n if_o by_o consent_n of_o voice_n they_o return_v for_o a_o answer_n it_o please_v we_o let_v he_o live_v then_o the_o 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prerogative_n in_o that_o particular_a reserve_v only_o to_o themselves_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n the_o king_n swear_v to_o maintain_v peace_n between_o the_o dissenter_n in_o religion_n of_o which_o there_o be_v many_o in_o poland_n and_o to_o compose_v the_o cause_n and_o difference_n among_o person_n profess_v the_o greek_a religion_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la swear_v to_o by_o john_n the_o three_o now_o reign_v as_o for_o foundation_n of_o church_n and_o monastery_n whatsoever_o liberty_n the_o king_n may_v have_v to_o erect_v they_o be_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o all_o the_o order_n at_o the_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n and_o thus_o the_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o the_o academy_n of_o vilna_n be_v also_o confirm_v the_o next_o prerogative_n be_v the_o legislative_a power_n concern_v which_o we_o find_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o lechus_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v a_o absolute_a authority_n of_o make_v law_n themselves_o as_o necessity_n require_v but_o afterward_o when_o they_o have_v receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v law_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o peer_n insomuch_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1570_o enact_v that_o no_o law_n shall_v be_v of_o public_a force_n till_o review_v and_o subscribe_v by_o such_o a_o number_n of_o deputy_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o senator_n who_o consent_n be_v to_o be_v require_v beforehand_o whether_o the_o law_n shall_v pass_v which_o law_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n the_o determination_n of_o controversy_n be_v likewise_o former_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a judge_n till_o vladislaus_n jagello_n grant_v this_o privilege_n to_o the_o nobility_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v punish_v or_o imprison_v till_o convict_v by_o law_n after_o he_o bathor_n throw_v off_o the_o burden_n of_o hear_v cause_n from_o his_o own_o shoulder_n and_o erect_v several_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o judgement_n of_o such_o cause_n as_o concern_v his_o chequer_n and_o such_o city_n as_o be_v immediate_o under_o his_o jurisdiction_n but_o now_o the_o nobility_n create_v the_o chief_a judge_n or_o marshal_n with_o his_o assistant_n in_o those_o tribunal_n nor_o do_v the_o king_n sit_v alone_o upon_o cause_n that_o come_v before_o he_o by_o way_n of_o appeal_n beside_o the_o king_n swear_v to_o determine_v all_o court_n cause_v according_a to_o the_o advice_n and_o opinion_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o officer_n reside_v at_o court_n as_o also_o to_o call_v the_o cause_n in_o order_n as_o they_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o register_n and_o neither_o to_o retard_v nor_o further_o any_o cause_n for_o favour_n or_o interest_n the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n do_v former_o without_o doubt_n absolute_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o casimir_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1454_o 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satisfactory_a than_o the_o drummer_n put_v himself_o by_o dance_v and_o howl_v into_o a_o violent_a motion_n till_o he_o fall_v down_o which_o he_o choose_v to_o do_v upon_o his_o drum_n and_o there_o he_o lie_v without_o motion_n or_o disturbance_n and_o without_o sense_n till_o he_o voluntary_o rise_v agian_n and_o give_v answer_v to_o what_o be_v desire_v this_o kind_n of_o divination_n be_v chief_o use_v when_o something_o at_o a_o great_a distance_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v know_v the_o story_n be_v so_o frequent_a and_o from_o person_n not_o credulous_a that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o disbelieve_v what_o they_o speak_v concern_v these_o sorcery_n take_v this_o from_o a_o person_n of_o worth_n and_o understanding_n as_o a_o example_n of_o the_o rest_n who_o say_v that_o be_v one_o time_n at_o dinner_n with_o his_o father_n mother_n brother_n sister_n etc._n etc._n his_o father_n knife_n be_v miss_v upon_o a_o sudden_a nor_o can_v be_v find_v till_o two_o year_n after_o when_o a_o cousin_n of_o his_o return_v from_o be_v factor_n in_o or_o near_a lapland_n bring_v it_o with_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o out_o of_o curiosity_n he_o have_v employ_v a_o laplander_n a_o pretender_n to_o great_a skill_n in_o this_o art_n to_o bring_v he_o notice_n of_o the_o health_n and_o condition_n of_o that_o family_n who_o after_o he_o have_v lie_v some_o time_n in_o this_o now_o describe_v manner_n bring_v he_o news_n that_o they_o be_v all_o well_o that_o he_o find_v they_o at_o dinner_n and_o that_o to_o confirm_v his_o relation_n he_o bring_v away_o that_o knife_n which_o he_o deliver_v to_o the_o merchant_n and_o the_o merchant_n bring_v home_o now_o to_o his_o uncle_n sometime_o also_o they_o practise_v their_o sorcery_n without_o the_o drum_n use_v instead_o of_o it_o common_o string_n or_o dart_n by_o which_o they_o advantage_n their_o friend_n or_o injure_v their_o enemy_n at_o their_o pleasure_n the_o string_n they_o make_v use_v of_o to_o raise_v or_o quell_v the_o wind_n which_o they_o sell_v to_o mariner_n for_o that_o purpose_n they_o consist_v common_o of_o three_o knot_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v untie_v afford_v a_o favourable_a wind_n the_o second_o a_o brisk_a gale_n and_o the_o three_o a_o violent_a storm_n as_o have_v be_v approve_v to_o the_o great_a danger_n and_o loss_n of_o several_a mariner_n that_o have_v give_v account_n of_o it_o in_o public_a by_o their_o dart_n which_o be_v short_a cylinder_n of_o lead_n they_o wound_v any_o one_o who_o have_v offer_v they_o a_o injury_n or_o their_o malice_n put_v they_o upon_o to_o assault_v these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o most_o powerful_a charm_n of_o any_o and_o upon_o occasion_n to_o have_v split_v rock_n level_v mountain_n and_o such_o like_a incredible_a exploit_n beside_o these_o they_o christian_n religion_n plant_v among_o they_o they_o have_v some_o other_o remain_v of_o idolatry_n as_o a_o ball_n which_o they_o work_v up_o of_o cowshair_v and_o so_o send_v it_o of_o mischievous_a errand_n with_o several_a such_o like_a heathenish_a foolery_n all_o which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o most_o part_n leave_v off_o among_o they_o the_o native_n themselves_o inform_v one_o against_o another_o and_o cause_v such_o delinquent_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o condign_a punishment_n which_o be_v most_o frequent_o do_v in_o those_o part_n that_o be_v under_o the_o swedish_n government_n for_o christianity_n which_o be_v first_o plant_v in_o finland_n by_o ericus_n the_o saint_n and_o so_o make_v know_v to_o the_o laplander_n have_v in_o these_o latter_a time_n make_v considerable_a advance_n among_o they_o under_o the_o reign_v of_o their_o late_a prince_n in_o the_o year_n 1600_o charles_n ix_o build_v some_o public_a school_n in_o lapland_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1619_o or_o about_o that_o time_n gustavus_n adolphus_n who_o take_v especial_a care_n of_o the_o laplandish_a country_n and_o have_v unite_v they_o more_o close_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n then_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v they_o have_v be_v in_o former_a time_n rather_o tributary_n to_o the_o birkirli_n than_o subject_n to_o that_o crown_n erect_v more_o public_a school_n and_o cause_v divers_a christian_a church_n to_o be_v build_v among_o they_o all_o which_o by_o the_o charity_n and_o piety_n of_o christina_n be_v augment_v both_o in_o number_n and_o endowment_n for_o the_o promote_a of_o religion_n and_o learning_n among_o they_o and_o many_o pastor_n be_v considerable_o stipend_v for_o that_o purpose_n so_o that_o whereas_o former_o those_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o have_v their_o child_n baptize_v use_v to_o carry_v they_o as_o olaus_n magnus_n relate_v sometime_o above_o two_o hundred_o english_a mile_n to_o church_n they_o now_o be_v ease_v of_o that_o trouble_n and_o have_v church_n build_v at_o very_o inconsiderable_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o whereas_o they_o have_v opportunity_n of_o hear_v only_o one_o sermon_n a_o year_n viz._n when_o they_o come_v to_o a_o general_a market_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o february_n or_o to_o pay_v their_o tax_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n they_o now_o have_v minister_n provide_v which_o be_v always_o resident_a among_o they_o who_o they_o very_o much_o respect_n and_o who_o sermon_n they_o constant_o frequent_a so_o that_o now_o the_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n have_v very_o much_o expel_v all_o heathenish_a superstition_n out_o of_o these_o remote_a region_n of_o the_o world_n and_o a_o pious_a and_o godly_a life_n with_o the_o lord_n prayer_n repeat_v with_o sincerity_n be_v experience_v to_o be_v the_o most_o effectual_a countercharm_n against_o all_o sorcery_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v constant_o observe_v that_o neither_o their_o drum_n nor_o any_o of_o their_o magical_a instrument_n have_v any_o power_n against_o they_o that_o call_v upon_o the_o name_n of_o our_o lord_n nor_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o power_n of_o his_o minister_n insomuch_o that_o it_o have_v late_o be_v report_v upon_o very_o credible_a authority_n that_o the_o devil_n foresee_v the_o danger_n of_o his_o kingdom_n appear_v visible_o to_o his_o servant_n encourage_v they_o by_o all_o mean_n to_o continue_v in_o their_o obedience_n to_o he_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o i_o can_v assert_v but_o all_o author_n affirm_v that_o as_o christian_a religion_n get_v more_o ground_n among_o they_o so_o government_n civility_n art_n and_o ingenuity_n have_v also_o proportionable_o advance_v we_o meet_v not_o with_o any_o thing_n concern_v their_o government_n before_o they_o come_v under_o the_o birkarli_n veâ—â—â—_n theâ—â—_n veâ—â—â—_n but_o what_o be_v of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o family_n which_o towards_o their_o wife_n be_v very_o rigid_a and_o towards_o their_o child_n very_o indulgent_a or_o rather_o negligent_a neither_o do_v the_o birkarli_n exercise_v any_o great_a power_n over_o they_o then_o to_o fright_v they_o they_o into_o pay_v of_o tribute_n part_n to_o themselves_o part_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o some_o other_o such_o subjection_n as_o be_v for_o their_o own_o not_o the_o people_n profit_n but_o gustavus_n adolphus_n take_v even_o this_o power_n also_o from_o they_o and_o the_o country_n be_v by_o he_o whole_o and_o entire_o subject_v to_o the_o swedish_n government_n which_o be_v at_o present_a manage_v by_o three_o chief_a governor_n call_v by_o the_o swede_n lagman_n and_o as_o many_o provincial_a judge_n so_o name_v from_o the_o province_n where_o they_o be_v place_v under_o these_o there_o be_v particular_a governor_n vnder-lagmen_a which_o have_v power_n to_o determine_v suit_n at_o law_n or_o pass_v sentence_n upon_o malefactor_n even_o unto_o death_n but_o never_o without_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o judge_n and_o a_o priest_n ancient_o their_o court_n be_v call_v only_o twice_o a_o year_n at_o their_o public_a fair_n in_o winter_n and_o summer_n but_o now_o for_o the_o more_o effectual_a restrain_v of_o vice_n they_o be_v more_o frequent_o use_v among_o they_o and_o if_o any_o controversy_n arise_v which_o be_v of_o lesser_a concern_n they_o put_v a_o end_n to_o it_o by_o these_o court_n but_o if_o any_o happen_v of_o great_a moment_n or_o difficulty_n they_o appeal_v to_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o sweden_n tribute_n which_o former_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o ladulaus_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o birkarli_n butâ—â—â—_n theâ—â—_n butâ—â—â—_n be_v now_o by_o the_o laplander_n pay_v only_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n save_o that_o those_o of_o torna_fw-la for_o their_o privilege_n of_o fish_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n pay_v some_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n it_o be_v common_o pay_v in_o kind_n as_o fur_n skin_n or_o dry_a fish_n by_o a_o contract_n make_v betwixt_o gustavus_n i._o and_o these_o laplander_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o luhla_n and_o pitha_n be_v engage_v to_o pay_v yearly_a eight_o timber_n of_o fur_n
iron-mine_n and_o indifferent_a good_a store_n of_o corn_n it_o have_v but_o one_o city_n in_o it_o call_v gevalia_n commodious_o situate_v upon_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n half_o a_o day_n journey_n from_o kupferberg_n 2._o helsingia_n helsingia_n helsingia_n which_o be_v ancient_o a_o general_a name_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a province_n from_o the_o north-sea_n to_o the_o river_n vla_n and_o the_o lake_n vlatresk_n in_o the_o north_n of_o cajania_n as_o appear_v from_o some_o record_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o telgis_n a._n 1328_o and_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n of_o itself_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o ingellus_fw-la the_o second_o king_n of_o vpsal_n so_o be_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n ancient_o style_v who_o at_o his_o coronation_n invite_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n to_o the_o solemnity_n and_o after_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n set_v fire_n on_o the_o palace_n and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v their_o possession_n which_o ever_o after_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n have_v ancient_o a_o peculiar_a language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o also_o a_o alphabet_n altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o runick_a as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a monument_n find_v among_o they_o they_o be_v record_v to_o have_v fight_v many_o famous_a battle_n with_o their_o neighbour_n of_o finland_n carelia_n and_o cajania_n and_o after_o have_v drive_v some_o of_o their_o enemy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o sund_n in_o memory_n of_o their_o conquest_n and_o to_o eternize_v their_o name_n to_o have_v build_v the_o city_n helsingburg_n from_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v the_o nylander_n who_o border_n upon_o carelia_n and_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o this_o day_n the_o native_n be_v general_o very_o hospitable_a and_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n of_o a_o docile_a and_o ingenious_a disposition_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n endeavour_v to_o be_v neat_a and_o handsome_a within_o door_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o helsingia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o province_n 1._o helsingia_n proper_o so_o call_v helsingia_n helsingia_n heretofore_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o sundhede_v which_o have_v in_o it_o three_o lesser_a division_n alora_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n liusna_n sundhede_v in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v the_o lake_n dil_n and_o nordstigh_a not_o far_o from_o the_o wood_n arskog_n the_o soil_n be_v indifferent_o fruitful_a for_o corn_n but_o chief_o for_o pasture_n the_o inhabitant_n most_o employ_v themselves_o in_o feed_v and_o manage_v their_o stock_n of_o cattle_n here_o be_v but_o one_o city_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n call_v hudingsvaldia_n remarkable_a for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n butter_n hydes_n pitch_n rosin_n mast_n of_o ship_n and_o deal-board_n that_o be_v convey_v hence_o into_o other_o country_n 2._o medelpadia_n medelpadia_n medelpadia_n much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o helsingia_n but_o only_o it_o be_v narrow_a and_o abound_v more_o with_o wood_n and_o mountain_n in_o it_o be_v two_o river_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n some_o say_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n ancient_o reside_v here_o 3._o angermannia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a angermannia_n angermannia_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n mountainous_a country_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o good_a and_o certain_a that_o though_o it_o bear_v corn_n plentiful_o it_o need_v not_o be_v manure_v above_o once_o in_o ten_o year_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n into_o two_o part_n the_o northern_a and_o southern_a by_o a_o great_a wood_n which_o run_v all_o along_o from_o the_o ragged_a mountain_n scula_n and_o thence_o take_v its_o name_n water_v it_o be_v by_o only_o one_o river_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n secure_v by_o one_o city_n name_v hernosandia_n yield_v the_o same_o commodity_n as_o hudingsvaldia_n only_o it_o afford_v no_o copper_n 4._o bothnia_n bothnia_n bothnia_n not_o so_o full_a of_o mountain_n as_o angermannia_n of_o a_o sandy_a and_o barren_a turf_n but_o well_o supply_v with_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n it_o have_v in_o it_o several_a river_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o bothnick-bay_n city_n here_o be_v none_o but_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o a_o frequency_n of_o market-town_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o parish_n the_o advantage_n of_o this_o country_n be_v chief_o by_o the_o trade_n from_o the_o near_a part_n of_o lapland_n which_o be_v manage_v chief_o by_o the_o birkarli_n and_o all_o come_v to_o the_o seaside_n this_o way_n ii_o sueonia_n or_o sweden_n strict_o so_o take_v sueonia_n sueonia_n which_o contain_v in_o it_o these_o five_o province_n vplandia_n westmannia_n dalecarlia_n nericia_n and_o sudermannia_n dalecarliae_fw-la et_fw-la westmanniae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la viro_fw-la illust_n mo_z d._n no_o petro_n julio_n coyet_n equite_v aurato_fw-la s._n r._n m._n sueciae_fw-la cosiliario_n aulico_fw-la scretario_n status_fw-la et_fw-la nunc_fw-la ad_fw-la confoederatos_fw-la belgas_n extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la ablegato_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joh._n janssonius_n vplandia_n 2._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o on_o the_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o dalecarlia_n lie_v west_n or_o wester-mannia_a or_o westmannerland_n border_v upon_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o several_a dale_n or_o division_n that_o be_v in_o it_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n viz._n oster_n wester_n and_n sun-dalia_a the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o the_o mine_n very_o considerable_a afford_v steel_n iron_n copper_n lead_v and_o some_o vein_n of_o sulphur_n in_o great_a quantity_n than_o those_o of_o any_o other_o province_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n there_o be_v also_o a_o silver_n i_o discover_v and_o make_v use_v of_o at_o salberg_n the_o city_n here_o be_v three_o arosia_n arbogia_n and_o kope_v the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v arosia_n or_o westeras_n a_o bishop_n seat_n where_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v several_a great_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n as_o there_o be_v likewise_o at_o stregnesia_n in_o this_o city_n the_o agreement_n by_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v change_v from_o a_o elective_a to_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v conclude_v ann_n 1540_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n i._o and_o thence_o call_v pactum_fw-la arosiense_n the_o history_n be_v thus_o the_o swede_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n of_o christiern_n ii_o then_o king_n both_o of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n forsake_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o prince_n gustavus_n who_o have_v wonderful_o escape_v from_o his_o imprisonment_n in_o denmark_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o expel_v he_o their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o gain_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n whereupon_o to_o requite_v their_o general_n for_o this_o signal_n good_a he_o have_v do_v the_o public_a they_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o canutus_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o johannes_n gothus_n the_o pope_n legate_n ann_n 1523_o unanimous_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o consider_v how_o much_o it_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v the_o succession_n ascertain_v to_o his_o issue_n they_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o whole_o give_v up_o their_o power_n of_o elect_v their_o king_n for_o the_o future_a and_o by_o oath_n and_o solemn_a covenant_n settle_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o which_o confidence_n of_o the_o people_n in_o their_o prince_n be_v justify_v in_o the_o event_n for_o the_o new_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o abuse_v his_o absolute_a power_n that_o in_o that_o very_a year_n he_o publish_v many_o law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d south_n of_o westmannia_n lie_v nericia_n a_o little_a but_o fruitful_a province_n yield_v good_a store_n of_o sulphur_n alum_n and_o vitriol_n some_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v but_o not_o labour_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v smith_n who_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n especial_o those_o that_o work_n in_o the_o mine_n with_o iron_n instrument_n of_o all_o sort_n here_o be_v one_o city_n name_v orebrogia_n 4._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o nericia_n lie_v sudermannia_n or_o sudermanland_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o baltic_a sea_n ostrogothia_a on_o the_o south_n and_o the_o lake_n meller_n on_o the_o north._n it_o be_v famous_a for_o several_a city_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v nicopia_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n here_o also_o be_v the_o place_n for_o building_n of_o ship_n the_o workman_n be_v good_a and_o material_n cheap_a next_o to_o this_o be_v stregnesia_n a_o bishop_n seat_n with_o telga_n torsilia_n and_o trosa_n all_o commodious_a for_o
he_o can_v rational_o suppose_v there_o be_v the_o most_o merit_n and_o it_o be_v prudent_o order_v that_o three_o of_o the_o elector_n shall_v be_v churchman_n that_o they_o have_v no_o prospect_n of_o be_v themselves_o elect_v into_o the_o imperial_a throne_n may_v curb_v the_o ambition_n of_o any_o secular_a elector_n who_o without_o desert_n shall_v pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n among_o the_o many_o act_n of_o absolute_a sovereignty_n whereby_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n ii_o disoblige_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o transfer_v the_o electoral_a dignity_n from_o frideric_n v._o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n to_o maximilian_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n be_v the_o highly_o resent_v and_o at_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n the_o ambassador_n find_v it_o no_o small_a difficulty_n to_o reconcile_v the_o difference_n which_o hereby_o be_v occasion_v between_o the_o two_o prince_n the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n utter_o refuse_v to_o consent_v to_o the_o peace_n except_o he_o may_v be_v suffer_v quiet_o to_o enjoy_v the_o electorate_v which_o he_o fancy_v his_o desert_n may_v just_o challenge_v and_o the_o emperor_n as_o lawful_o confer_v on_o he_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o prince_n palatine_n as_o obstinate_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o the_o dignity_n take_v from_o he_o allege_v the_o just_a title_n his_o ancestor_n always_o have_v to_o this_o honour_n both_o their_o pretension_n be_v think_v plausible_a and_o both_o of_o they_o meet_v with_o resolute_a assertor_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o last_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n shall_v have_v a_o electorship_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n and_o a_o eight_o shall_v be_v new_o erect_v for_o charles_n ludowic_n prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n provide_v that_o if_o the_o wilhelmine_a branch_n happen_v to_o fail_v before_o the_o rodolphine_n the_o prince_n palatine_n shall_v re-enter_v upon_o their_o ancient_n electorate_v and_o the_o title_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n to_o any_o such_o dignity_n be_v whole_o abolish_v the_o right_n of_o elect_v be_v not_o confer_v on_o the_o person_n of_o any_o of_o the_o elector_n but_o annex_v to_o their_o electoral_a principality_n and_o estate_n insomuch_o that_o if_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n can_v make_v out_o his_o title_n to_o that_o kingdom_n the_o prince_n palatine_n to_o the_o palatinate_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n to_o his_o dukedom_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o his_o marquisate_n they_o may_v all_o just_o lie_v claim_v to_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o elector_n so_o that_o as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o male_a issue_n in_o any_o of_o the_o electoral_a family_n the_o power_n of_o give_v a_o voice_n in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o emperor_n can_v be_v take_v away_o from_o that_o house_n the_o electoral_a dignity_n be_v so_o great_a that_o some_o have_v think_v it_o equal_a to_o regal_a authority_n and_o in_o this_o indeed_o the_o elector_n excel_v king_n in_o that_o they_o have_v power_n to_o create_v emperor_n which_o no_o other_o potentate_n in_o christendom_n can_v pretend_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n except_o when_o in_o a_o diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o emperor_n use_v to_o give_v place_n to_o several_a of_o they_o and_o there_o be_v hot_a dispute_n heretofore_o between_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o rodolph_n ii_o king_n of_o hungary_n about_o precedency_n but_o certain_o there_o be_v little_a reason_n that_o any_o elector_n except_v the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n shall_v pretend_v to_o stand_v upon_o equal_a term_n with_o a_o monarch_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o france_n demand_v and_o obtain_v precedence_n of_o all_o the_o elector_n at_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o so_o long_o as_o the_o elector_n of_o bohemia_n be_v only_o a_o duke_n he_o have_v the_o low_a place_n in_o every_o election_n but_o have_v once_o obtain_v the_o title_n of_o king_n he_o take_v place_n of_o all_o his_o colleague_n because_o it_o be_v not_o think_v fit_a that_o a_o royal_a person_n crown_v and_o anoint_v shall_v give_v place_n to_o those_o that_o be_v but_o bare_o elector_n the_o order_n of_o precedency_n which_o the_o electoral_a prince_n observe_v among_o themselves_o be_v as_o follow_v 1._o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n arch-chancellor_n of_o germany_n take_v place_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o imperial_a throne_n be_v vacant_a it_o be_v his_o office_n to_o warn_v his_o colleague_n to_o repair_v either_o in_o their_o own_o person_n or_o by_o their_o deputy_n within_o three_o month_n after_o the_o date_n of_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o mein_fw-ge in_fw-ge order_n to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a emperor_n 2._o the_o archbishop_n of_o trier_n arch-chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o arles_n where_o by_o france_n we_o be_v not_o to_o understand_v all_o the_o territory_n subject_a at_o this_o day_n to_o the_o french_a king_n but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v former_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n and_o come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o german_n in_o the_o eleven_o century_n he_o have_v the_o first_o vote_n in_o the_o election_n 3._o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n arch-chancellor_n of_o italy_n that_o be_v of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o lombard_n and_o the_o small_a remain_v of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a empire_n he_o have_v the_o second_o vote_n and_o usual_o put_v the_o first_o or_o german_n crown_n upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o new_a choose_a emperor_n 4._o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o who_o the_o sachsenspiegel_n or_o body_n of_o the_o old_a saxon_a law_n deny_v a_o vote_n in_o any_o election_n though_o the_o aurea_n bulla_n say_v express_o he_o have_v the_o three_o vote_n in_o the_o diet._n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o election_n be_v alter_v in_o charles_n the_o four_o time_n from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o the_o thirteen_o century_n when_o the_o sachsenspiegel_n be_v first_o publish_v 5._o the_o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n who_o have_v the_o four_o vote_n at_o election_n it_o be_v his_o peculiar_a prerogative_n to_o sit_v judge_n at_o the_o imperial_a court_n when_o any_o suit_n be_v commence_v against_o the_o emperor_n 6._o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n arch-marshal_n of_o the_o empire_n he_o be_v sword-bearer_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o have_v the_o five_o voice_n at_o a_o election_n 7._o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n lord_n chamberlain_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o in_o any_o solemn_a procession_n bear_v the_o sceptre_n before_o the_o emperor_n and_o have_v the_o six_o vote_n at_o his_o election_n note_v this_o account_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o elector_n before_o the_o quarrel_n between_o the_o prince_n palatine_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n upon_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n suspension_n of_o the_o former_a in_o the_o year_n 1623._o though_o the_o case_n be_v now_o alter_v upon_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n right_o confirm_v to_o he_o by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n beforementioned_a yet_o since_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n pretend_v to_o no_o other_o title_n then_o what_o ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n palatine_n and_o the_o dignity_n may_v possible_o return_v again_o to_o that_o house_n these_o rule_n of_o precedency_n may_v still_o hold_v good_a notwithstanding_o the_o account_n already_o give_v of_o the_o order_n and_o rank_n of_o the_o elector_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o prince_n palatine_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v the_o preeminence_n before_o any_o other_o for_o these_o two_o the_o former_a in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n govern_v by_o the_o saxon_a law_n the_o latter_a in_o schwaben_n and_o all_o place_n where_o the_o francic_a law_n be_v observe_v rule_v the_o empire_n in_o time_n of_o a_o interregnum_fw-la many_o late_a writer_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v be_v zealous_a in_o attribute_v this_o prerogative_n to_o the_o pope_n who_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o emperor_n vicar_n as_o well_o as_o christ_n but_o this_o assertion_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o we_o can_v hear_v of_o any_o record_n of_o antiquity_n which_o will_v testify_v for_o they_o that_o ever_o any_o such_o power_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o emperor_n the_o say_v elector_n have_v power_n during_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o imperial_a throne_n to_o determine_v all_o manner_n of_o lawsuit_n to_o gather_v the_o revenue_n and_o income_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n to_o tender_a and_o require_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n only_o they_o may_v not_o dispose_v of_o the_o land_n of_o any_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n that_o have_v their_o land_n confirm_v to_o
march_v not_o beyond_o its_o limit_n above_o five_o league_n wherefore_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o lead_v a_o army_n further_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o senate_n which_o be_v convoke_v before_o every_o war_n to_o levy_v stipendiary_a soldier_n and_o as_o they_o be_v compose_v principal_o of_o the_o noble_n they_o frequent_o signalise_v themselves_o by_o their_o valour_n and_o success_n against_o the_o much_o great_a number_n of_o their_o enemy_n thus_o zamoschius_n in_o the_o time_n of_o sigismond_n the_o three_o with_o 3000_o man_n worsted_n carigereius_n the_o scythian_a who_o with_o 70000_o be_v make_v a_o inroad_n into_o poland_n and_o force_v he_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o thousand_o of_o his_o tartar_n to_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o zolkievi_n with_o 3000_o horse_n set_v upon_o 80000_o muscovite_n unawares_o put_v themselves_o all_o to_o flight_n and_o bring_v away_o prisoner_n three_o german_a regiment_n that_o serve_v among_o they_o the_o polish_v foot_n be_v of_o little_a esteem_n and_o therefore_o although_o each_o city_n be_v bind_v to_o set_v forth_o a_o certain_a number_n yet_o the_o king_n rather_o choose_v such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o may_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o charge_n and_o so_o make_v provision_n of_o foreigner_n take_v chief_o out_o of_o hungary_n and_o germany_n the_o zeporensian_a cossack_n former_o serve_v the_o polish_v king_n in_o their_o war_n either_o as_o volontier_n or_o for_o very_o small_a pay_n they_o come_v in_o sometime_o 30000_o strong_a arm_v with_o lance_n or_o scimiter_n and_o long_a gun_n each_o have_v his_o horse_n and_o as_o occasion_n require_v fight_v either_o mount_v or_o on_o foot_n they_o use_v their_o own_o discipline_n and_o choose_v all_o their_o officer_n out_o of_o their_o body_n even_o their_o chief_n commander_n who_o they_o will_v depose_v without_o any_o fault_n if_o he_o be_v not_o successful_a now_o although_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o polander_n may_v be_v say_v to_o equal_v both_o in_o number_n and_o quality_n most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n yet_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o they_o be_v unsuccesful_a in_o their_o undertake_n partly_o because_o of_o the_o slowness_n as_o well_o of_o their_o council_n which_o consist_v of_o all_o the_o principal_a officer_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v not_o ready_o convene_v nor_o without_o much_o ado_n keep_v together_o as_o of_o their_o noble_n in_o their_o rendezvouse_n who_o seldom_o come_v in_o before_o the_o last_o summons_n partly_o also_o because_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o soldier_n depend_v more_o upon_o their_o particular_a patron_n than_o the_o king_n be_v apt_a to_o follow_v their_o inclination_n though_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o public_a beside_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o furnish_v necessary_n for_o so_o many_o person_n any_o long_a time_n have_v no_o public_a magazine_n provide_v towards_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n they_o be_v incline_v to_o mutiny_n and_o disband_v before_o they_o have_v do_v their_o work_n fortify_v town_n they_o have_v but_o few_o as_o we_o say_v before_o believe_v their_o own_o courage_n fortification_n enough_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o unwilling_a by_o mean_n of_o garrison_n to_o give_v their_o king_n opportunity_n of_o assume_v a_o absolute_a power_n and_o arbitrary_a rule_n over_o they_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n partake_v more_o of_o aristocracy_n than_o monarchy_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o be_v share_v among_o the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n some_o will_v reckon_v in_o the_o citizen_n and_o kmetone_n for_o so_o in_o old_a charter_n be_v the_o husbandman_n call_v who_o live_v disperse_v in_o village_n but_o they_o be_v never_o admit_v to_o public_a office_n and_o employment_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v number_v among_o the_o order_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o first_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v successive_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d as_o appear_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o all_o their_o historian_n and_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n that_o the_o reign_a prince_n appoint_v his_o successor_n so_o lescus_n the_o three_o appoint_v popielus_n so_o also_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a do_v lescus_n the_o black_n nay_o oftentimes_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n divide_v the_o kingdom_n among_o their_o son_n which_o be_v not_o usual_a in_o elective_a government_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o example_n of_o boleslaus_n crivoustus_n and_o be_v further_o confirm_v in_o the_o polonian_a history_n by_o the_o precedent_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o curl_a but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n a_o law_n be_v make_v that_o no_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v presume_v to_o nominate_v or_o impose_v on_o the_o kingdom_n a_o successor_n which_o law_n be_v not_o only_o renew_v in_o the_o interregnum_fw-la after_o his_o death_n but_o several_a time_n afterward_o the_o custom_n of_o election_n have_v encroach_v upon_o the_o sceptre_n for_o some_o while_n before_o for_o want_v of_o issue_n of_o the_o true_a polish_v royal_a family_n from_o this_o electiveness_n it_o now_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o from_o the_o death_n of_o one_o till_o the_o election_n of_o another_o king_n there_o be_v frequent_o too_o long_o interregna_fw-la during_o which_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n perform_v all_o kingly_a office_n act_v in_o all_o thing_n like_o their_o sovereign_n without_o any_o distinction_n save_v that_o he_o be_v not_o crown_v with_o the_o royal_a diadem_n and_o such_o a_o interregnum_fw-la may_v happen_v not_o only_o by_o the_o death_n but_o by_o the_o deposition_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o king_n deposition_n of_o king_n be_v former_o more_o frequent_a in_o poland_n then_o now_o henry_n valois_n be_v the_o last_o precedent_n in_o that_o kind_n who_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n when_o he_o hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n the_o nine_o withdraw_v himself_o private_o out_o of_o poland_n by_o night_n that_o he_o may_v not_o loose_v his_o right_n in_o france_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n after_o they_o have_v often_o beseech_v his_o return_n find_v he_o not_o in_o the_o least_o incline_v to_o forsake_v a_o successive_a for_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o estate_n discharge_v he_o from_o be_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o renounce_v their_o allegiance_n the_o most_o memorable_a example_n of_o resignation_n be_v that_o of_o john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o of_o which_o a_o large_a narrative_a be_v give_v by_o nicolas_n chwalkowski_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la publico_fw-la polonico_n who_o be_v a_o eye_n witness_n of_o the_o whole_a ceremony_n the_o interrex_n or_o person_n who_o perform_v the_o regal_a office_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la as_o be_v say_v be_v the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n a_o legate_n bear_v the_o primate_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o suspect_v as_o be_v a_o spiritual_a person_n of_o affect_v the_o crown_n which_o dignity_n be_v not_o confer_v upon_o he_o by_o election_n but_o be_v annex_v to_o his_o archbishopric_n lest_o any_o delay_n in_o his_o nomination_n shall_v endammage_n the_o public_a this_o office_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o not_o only_o upon_o the_o death_n but_o also_o in_o the_o king_n absence_n or_o residence_n in_o another_o country_n as_o when_o henry_n withdraw_v into_o france_n and_o sigismond_n the_o three_o go_v into_o swedeland_n if_o there_o be_v no_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n than_o this_o dignity_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n also_o or_o vacancy_n of_o the_o see_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnania_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la the_o archbishop_n betake_v himself_o to_o warsaw_n whither_o all_o the_o neighbour_a nobility_n repair_v to_o he_o by_o who_o advice_n proclamation_n be_v issue_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o archbishop_n chancery_n under_o his_o hand_n with_o all_o his_o title_n annex_v whereby_o the_o interregnum_fw-la be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o public_a minister_n in_o all_o the_o palatinate_v and_o district_v of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o all_o necessary_a order_n be_v take_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o people_n the_o interrex_n also_o receive_v open_v and_o answer_v all_o the_o letter_n from_o foreign_a prince_n give_v audience_n to_o all_o foreign_a ambassador_n and_o indeed_o all_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n pass_v through_o his_o hand_n as_o for_o the_o candidate_n this_o be_v certain_o agree_v that_o no_o piasti_fw-la or_o native_a be_v exclude_v from_o the_o hope_n of_o election_n the_o elector_n in_o the_o first_o place_n be_v the_o prime_a senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o ecclesiastic_a as_o secular_a next_o to_o they_o the_o nobility_n who_o have_v liberty_n to_o act_n either_o in_o their_o proper_a person_n or_o by_o deputy_n and_o last_o the_o deputy_n of_o cracow_n posnania_n leopolis_n
express_o forbid_v to_o undertake_v any_o offensive_a war_n as_o a_o affair_n whole_o belong_v to_o the_o general_n assembly_n again_o his_o power_n of_o make_v peace_n and_o enter_v into_o new_a league_n be_v so_o far_o limit_v that_o neither_o shall_v be_v valid_a unless_o approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o the_o general_a estate_n only_o ancient_a alliance_n may_v be_v renew_v by_o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senator_n resident_a at_o court_n what_o his_o power_n be_v in_o raise_v tribute_n and_o tax_n may_v be_v easy_o gather_v from_o the_o word_n of_o konarscius_n in_o fredo_n p._n 98._o the_o estate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n say_v he_o have_v exempt_v thou_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n from_o all_o charge_n and_o expense_n it_o be_v their_o business_n to_o pay_v the_o soldiery_n and_o to_o furnish_v the_o magazine_n thou_o with_o their_o joint_n and_o mutual_a consent_n to_o proclaim_v war_n overcome_v and_o triumph_v the_o coinage_n of_o money_n be_v a_o royal_a prerogative_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o poland_n know_v money_n be_v in_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o king_n but_o vladislaus_n jagello_n in_o the_o year_n 1422_o make_v a_o promise_n not_o to_o coin_v any_o money_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o counsellor_n which_o law_n be_v renew_v by_o sigismond_n the_o three_o in_o the_o year_n 1632_o and_o insert_v into_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la swear_v to_o by_o the_o present_a king_n nor_o be_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n that_o casimir_n jagello_n grant_v to_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n elbing_n and_o thorn_n the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n which_o they_o keep_v to_o this_o day_n the_o prerogative_n of_o confer_v employment_n and_o honour_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o king_n he_o be_v supreme_a judge_n and_o arbyter_n of_o merit_n and_o reward_n and_o dispose_v of_o all_o as_o well_o ecclesiastical_a as_o civil_a dignity_n yet_o this_o illustrious_a prerogative_n suffer_v some_o eclipse_n too_o for_o first_o the_o king_n can_v advance_v no_o foreigner_n nor_o any_o person_n who_o have_v no_o land_n in_o the_o province_n where_o the_o preferment_n lie_v next_o he_o can_v neither_o diminish_v nor_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o office_n either_o of_o the_o court_n or_o kingdom_n three_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o supply_v such_o as_o be_v vacant_a by_o a_o time_n limit_v four_o he_o engage_v himself_o not_o to_o bestow_v the_o office_n of_o bishop_n nor_o the_o command_n of_o palatine_a castellane_n or_o captain_n upon_o any_o of_o his_o son_n grandchild_n or_o other_o relation_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n five_o he_o be_v restrain_v from_o confer_v a_o plurality_n of_o high_a dignity_n upon_o one_o person_n last_o he_o be_v bind_v not_o to_o seek_v any_o private_a advantage_n by_o the_o advancement_n of_o any_o man_n and_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o all_o promise_n of_o preferment_n make_v in_o order_n to_o his_o advancement_n to_o the_o crown_n shall_v be_v invalid_a but_o grant_v his_o power_n to_o be_v considerable_a in_o confer_v of_o honour_n yet_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o deprive_v the_o same_o person_n though_o ill_a deserve_n of_o the_o honour_n once_o confer_v upon_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o with_o their_o approbation_n he_o may_v remove_v from_o their_o employment_n not_o only_o secular_o but_o ecclesiastic_n by_o the_o same_o permission_n he_o have_v also_o power_n to_o create_v duke_n earls_z and_o baron_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o make_v so_o few_o be_v because_o the_o polish_v nobility_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o any_o other_o superiority_n one_o among_o another_o than_o what_o come_v by_o birthright_n and_o because_o they_o be_v very_o cautious_a of_o admit_v stranger_n he_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o advance_v any_o foreigner_n into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o nobility_n by_o way_n of_o naturalisation_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n first_o obtain_v and_o the_o particular_a recommendation_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o to_o elect_v his_o own_o but_o he_o can_v send_v they_o abroad_o upon_o the_o concern_v of_o peace_n war_n or_o enter_v into_o new_a league_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o resident_a senator_n former_o the_o privilege_n of_o hunt_v belong_v sole_o to_o the_o king_n but_o now_o every_o one_o of_o the_o nobility_n have_v power_n to_o use_v that_o sport_n in_o his_o own_o ground_n the_o king_n can_v contract_v a_o marriage_n for_o himself_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o senate_n he_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o enjoy_v or_o possess_v any_o land_n of_o inheritance_n in_o his_o own_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v he_o suffer_v to_o stir_v beyond_o its_o confine_n except_o the_o senate_n agree_v thereto_o he_o may_v not_o have_v any_o foreigner_n employ_v about_o he_o at_o court_n for_o all_o the_o court-officer_n be_v swear_v to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a not_o only_o to_o the_o king_n but_o also_o to_o the_o senate_n and_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o be_v also_o oblige_v by_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o queen_n do_v not_o meddle_v with_o state_n affair_n to_o all_o these_o article_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n most_o religious_o swear_v observance_n nay_o to_o keep_v their_o king_n the_o more_o in_o awe_n the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n publish_v the_o follow_a declaration_n in_o the_o year_n 1609_o if_o any_o nobleman_n or_o senator_n observe_v that_o the_o king_n have_v act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o primate_n and_o the_o senator_n who_o be_v to_o admonish_v the_o king_n thereof_o if_o he_o slight_v the_o admonition_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a public_o to_o declare_v the_o king_n neglect_n to_o the_o senate_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o deputy_n may_v be_v enjoin_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a nobility_n to_o advise_v he_o to_o desist_v from_o act_v so_o contrary_a to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o the_o land_n if_o the_o king_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o second_o admonition_n they_o be_v then_o to_o acquaint_v the_o general_n assembly_n of_o estate_n if_o the_o three_o admonition_n prevail_v not_o than_o all_o the_o order_n be_v to_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o article_n of_o withdraw_a their_o allegiance_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o king_n household_n arise_v out_o of_o his_o land_n and_o salt-pit_n be_v compute_v to_o above_o three_o million_o of_o florin_n yearly_a of_o which_o piasecius_n give_v this_o account_n that_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o only_o sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o splendour_n of_o a_o court_n equal_a to_o any_o prince_n in_o christendom_n but_o also_o large_a enough_o for_o all_o occasion_n of_o royal_a munificence_n the_o truth_n of_o which_o many_o of_o the_o nobility_n experience_n by_o the_o large_a possession_n which_o the_o king_n often_o grant_v they_o during_o he_o or_o their_o life_n the_o public_a revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v either_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a revenue_n be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o the_o king_n land_n grant_v by_o he_o towards_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldiery_n impost_n upon_o wine_n custom_n upon_o good_n export_v and_o import_v the_o four_o gross_a out_o of_o great_a and_o little_a poland_n etc._n etc._n the_o extraordinary_a revenue_n be_v 1._o the_o agraria_n or_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n tax_v upon_o land_n and_o farm_n 2._o excise_n upon_o beer_n from_o which_o the_o tenant_n of_o nobleman_n that_o keep_v publick-house_n be_v not_o free_a 3._o capitatio_fw-la judaica_n or_o the_o jew_n pole-money_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 1671_o be_v tax_v at_o 150000_o florin_n the_o jew_n in_o lithvania_n upon_o extremity_n be_v tax_v at_o 40000_o florin_n sometime_o they_o pay_v two_o florin_n a_o head_n for_o themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n 4._o the_o merchant_n donative_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 1650_o be_v raise_v to_o 40000_o florin_n 5._o the_o chimney-money_n which_o be_v double_v and_o treble_v as_o necessity_n require_v sometime_o a_o general_a pole_n be_v lay_v upon_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n where_o every_o man_n the_o archbishop_z not_o except_v pay_v according_a to_o his_o estate_n and_o the_o office_n he_o hold_v nothing_o of_o all_o this_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n but_o it_o be_v all_o reserve_v for_o public_a use_n of_o which_o the_o treasurer_n give_v a_o account_n to_o the_o general_a estate_n who_o have_v the_o only_a power_n to_o levy_v these_o new_a assessment_n and_o extraordinary_a imposition_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v the_o king_n
the_o palatine_n or_o woiwodes_n and_o castellanes_n the_o palatine_n be_v governor_n of_o dutchy_n or_o county_n commander_n of_o their_o militia_n in_o the_o general_a expedition_n of_o the_o kingdom_n appoint_v convention_n of_o the_o noble_n within_o their_o own_o palatinate_n and_o preside_v in_o they_o and_o in_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o have_v the_o patronage_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o poland_n they_o be_v the_o first_o order_n of_o the_o secular_a senator_n the_o castellane_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o palatine_n command_v in_o time_n of_o war_n the_o nobility_n under_o they_o there_o be_v divers_a of_o they_o belong_v to_o one_o palatine_n each_o of_o they_o have_v his_o district_n or_o castellanate_n and_o from_o hence_o his_o title_n and_o general_o some_o revenue_n but_o no_o jurisdiction_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n only_o as_o he_o be_v a_o senator_n the_o castellane_n of_o cracow_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o palatine_a upon_o the_o rebellion_n of_o scarbimirus_n the_o palatine_a against_o boleslaus_n iii_o the_o castellane_n of_o vilna_n and_o troco_n together_o with_o the_o captain_n of_o samogitia_n the_o only_a captain_n in_o the_o senate_n have_v pre-eminence_n in_o consideration_n of_o their_o antiquity_n the_o palatine_n be_v seat_v thus_o 1._o the_o castellane_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_n of_o 2._o cracow_n and_o 3._o posnania_n by_o turn_n 4._o vilna_n 5._o sandomiria_n 6._o castellane_n of_o vilna_n the_o palatine_n of_o 7._o calistia_n 8._o troco_n 9_o sirad_n 10._o castellane_n of_o troco_n 11._o palatine_n of_o lenschet_fw-mi 11._o captain_n of_o samogitia_n palatine_n of_o 13._o bressic_n 14._o kiovia_n 15._o inouladislow_n 16._o russia_n former_o of_o leopol_n 17._o volhinia_n 18._o podolia_n former_o caminiecz_n 19_o smolensko_n 20._o lublin_n 21._o plockzow_n 22._o belze_n 23._o novogrod_n 24._o ploco_fw-la 25._o vitepz_n 26._o masovia_n former_o culmo_fw-la 27._o podlachia_n 28._o rava_n 29._o brzecienski_n 30._o culmo_fw-la 31._o mscislavia_n 32._o mariaeburgh_n 33._o breslow_n 34._o pomerania_n 35._o minsco_n 36._o czernichow_n after_o these_o palatine_n sit_v the_o castellane_n distinguish_v into_o great_a and_o lesser_a the_o great_a be_v these_o 1._o posnania_n 2._o sendomir_n 3._o calissia_n 4._o voynicz_n 5._o gnesna_n 6._o sirad_n 7._o lenschet_fw-mi 8._o samogitia_n 9_o brestie_n 10._o kiovia_n 11._o inouladislow_n 12._o leopol_n 13._o volhinia_n 14._o camieniecz_n 15._o smolensko_n 16._o lublin_n 17._o belze_n 18._o novogrod_n 19_o ploco_fw-la 20._o witepz_n 21._o czetne_v 22._o podlachia_n 23._o rava_n 24._o brzescia_n 25._o culmo_fw-la 26._o mscilow_n 27._o elbing_n 28._o breslow_n 29._o dantzic_n 30._o mirisco_n 31._o czernichow_n the_o lesser_a castellane_n be_v 1._o sandecia_n 2._o medirec_n 3._o wislick_n 4._o biecie_fw-la 5._o rogosnow_n 6._o radan_n 7._o zawichost_n 8._o lenden_n 9_o srim_n 10._o tarnow_n 11._o malagost_n 12._o vielun_n 13._o praemissia_fw-la 14._o halicie_n 15._o senoc_n 16._o chelmo_n 17._o dobrzin_n 18._o polaniecz_n 19_o premetenski_n 20._o krivin_fw-fr 21._o czechow_n 22._o nackle_n 23._o rospir_n 24._o biechow_n 25._o bidgost_n 26._o briesin_n 27._o kruswic_n 28._o oswiecz_n 29._o camienecz_n 30._o spicimiria_n 31._o inoulad_a 32._o kowale_n 33._o santoc_n 34._o sochaczow_n 35._o warsow_n 36._o gostinin_n 37._o visna_n 38._o raciecz_n 39_o sierpz_n 40._o wysogrogende_fw-la 41._o ripin_n 42._o zacochim_n 43._o ciechanon_n 44._o live_v 45._o slonsco_n 46._o lubaczow_n 47._o konar_n in_o sirad_n 48._o konar_n in_o lenschot_n 49._o konar_n in_o cujavia_n these_o be_v call_v the_o lesser_a as_o be_v more_o late_o admit_v into_o the_o senate_n to_o great_a castellane_n they_o give_v the_o title_n of_o wielmozni_n or_o magnifici_fw-la to_o the_o lesser_a that_o of_o vrodzeni_n or_o generosi_fw-la but_o by_o private_a person_n all_o castellane_n be_v call_v jasnie_n wielmozni_n or_o illustrissimi_fw-la it_o be_v establish_v by_o law_n that_o none_o may_v be_v either_o palatine_a or_o castellane_n in_o that_o province_n in_o which_o he_o have_v no_o land_n the_o low_a in_o degree_n among_o the_o senator_n be_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o the_o supreme_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 2._o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n 3._o the_o high_a chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 4._o the_o chancellor_n of_o lithvania_n 5._o the_o pro-chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 6._o the_o pro-chancellor_n of_o lithvania_n 7._o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 8._o the_o treasurer_n of_o lithvania_n 9_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n for_o the_o kingdom_n 10._o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithvania_n the_o office_n of_o the_o supreme_a marshal_n be_v to_o call_v the_o senate_n upon_o command_n of_o the_o king_n or_o interrex_n to_o command_v silence_n and_o give_v leave_v of_o speak_v therein_o to_o promulgate_v their_o act_n to_o the_o people_n and_o to_o pronounce_v and_o put_v in_o execution_n the_o king_n decree_n in_o all_o cause_n of_o infamy_n and_o death_n he_o prepare_v the_o place_n of_o the_o diet_n and_o have_v the_o chief_a management_n of_o matter_n in_o those_o assembly_n receive_v foreign_a prince_n and_o ambassador_n at_o their_o arrival_n provide_v they_o with_o lodging_n perform_v also_o most_o of_o the_o function_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n steward_n of_o the_o king_n household_n in_o the_o public_a assembly_n or_o when_o he_o go_v before_o the_o king_n he_o carry_v a_o staff_n upright_o while_o the_o king_n reside_v in_o lithvania_n the_o marshal_n of_o lithvania_n have_v the_o same_o power_n there_o the_o chancellor_n be_v both_o secular_a person_n and_o the_o office_n of_o chancellor_n and_o pro-chancellor_n be_v the_o same_o only_o the_o chancellor_n keep_v the_o great_a and_o the_o pro-chancellor_n the_o lesser_a seal_n in_o short_a these_o two_o be_v the_o mouth_n and_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n in_o the_o dispatch_n of_o all_o business_n the_o treasurer_n be_v the_o steward_n of_o the_o public_a treasury_n and_o master_n of_o the_o mint_n when_o the_o king_n bestow_v this_o office_n upon_o any_o one_o four_o senator_n be_v appoint_v to_o deliver_v the_o treasury_n to_o he_o by_o a_o inventory_n of_o which_o there_o be_v three_o copy_n one_o with_o the_o king_n another_z with_o the_o treasurer_n and_o the_o three_o they_o keep_v themselves_o this_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o reference_n to_o all_o the_o senator_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o stir_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o particular_a licence_n of_o the_o grand_a estate_n and_o upon_o some_o press_a occasion_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o officer_n about_o the_o court_n which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n as_o the_o principal_a secretary_n master_n of_o request_n captain_n general_n etc._n etc._n i_o spare_v to_o mention_v be_v muchwhat_a the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o nation_n only_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v two_o of_o every_o sort_n one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o other_o for_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n the_o master_n of_o request_n be_v always_o present_a when_o the_o king_n sit_v to_o determine_v controversy_n and_o difference_n among_o his_o subject_n at_o which_o time_n it_o be_v their_o duty_n to_o lay_v open_a the_o nature_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o controversy_n to_o the_o king_n they_o stand_v fair_a upon_o a_o vacancy_n to_o be_v admit_v senator_n the_o magistrate_n for_o the_o several_a district_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n that_o be_v land_n or_o camp-magistrate_n the_o land_n magistrate_n be_v 1._o the_o vice-chamberlain_n or_o judge_n of_o bound_n and_o limit_n 2._o the_o standard-bearer_n 3._o the_o land-judg_n 4._o the_o tribune_n 5._o the_o land-register_n 6._o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o treasury_n beside_o some_o other_o inferior_a officer_n the_o camp_n or_o military_a officer_n be_v 1._o the_o captain_n with_o jurisdiction_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o some_o town_n or_o castle_n 2._o the_o captain_n without_o jurisdiction_n 3._o the_o burggrave_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o some_o castle_n and_z takes_z care_n of_o the_o outguard_n 4._o the_o vice-captain_n 5._o the_o judg-advocate_n 6._o the_o field-register_n the_o council_n council_n council_n or_o parliament_n of_o poland_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n 1._o civil_a to_o which_o the_o counsellor_n come_v in_o their_o gown_n 2._o military_a to_o which_o they_o come_v in_o military_a habit_n the_o latter_a be_v only_o hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o interregnum_fw-la the_o former_a be_v frequent_o call_v and_o be_v 1._o ordinary_a which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v summon_v once_o in_o two_o year_n 2._o extraordinary_a which_o be_v assemble_v as_o the_o necessity_n of_o affair_n require_v when_o either_o ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a council_n be_v to_o be_v convene_v the_o king_n by_o his_o letter_n summon_v
the_o lesser_a council_n or_o convention_n in_o the_o several_a palatinate_n large_a province_n and_o certain_a district_n these_o convention_n precede_v the_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o kingdom_n six_o week_n unless_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a accident_n and_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o proper_a city_n of_o the_o palatinate_v and_o province_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n here_o after_o they_o have_v choose_v a_o marshal_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v much_o like_o our_o speaker_n as_o be_v the_o director_n of_o the_o convention_n they_o first_o consider_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v propound_v to_o they_o by_o the_o king_n deputy_n dispatch_v away_o to_o every_o convention_n and_o of_o what_o other_o business_n be_v to_o be_v motion_v at_o the_o general_n session_n after_o that_o they_o choose_v the_o land_n deputy_n or_o provincial_a delegate_n for_o the_o general_a assembly_n every_o province_n send_v so_o many_o almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o our_o shire_n save_v only_o that_o they_o be_v not_o choose_v by_o the_o people_n till_o the_o whole_a number_n amount_v to_o about_o 300._o these_o deputy_n be_v general_o elect_v out_o of_o such_o magistrate_n as_o be_v not_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n exclude_v all_o judge_n and_o their_o assistant_n collector_n and_o all_o officer_n of_o the_o exchequer_n unless_o they_o have_v exact_a and_o full_a acquittance_n from_o the_o treasurer_n the_o delegate_n like_o our_o burgess_n have_v a_o certain_a allowance_n from_o their_o respective_a province_n during_o the_o sit_v of_o the_o general_a assembly_n the_o particular_a convention_n be_v break_v up_o which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v not_o to_o sit_v above_o four_o day_n three_o week_n before_o the_o senator_n and_o delegate_n repair_v to_o the_o grand_a session_n they_o meet_v at_o the_o general_a committee_n for_o the_o several_a province_n where_o they_o again_o read_v over_o the_o king_n command_n the_o instruction_n give_v to_o the_o delegate_n and_o what_o be_v think_v needful_a to_o be_v propound_v for_o the_o public_a good_a the_o grand_a assembly_n be_v meet_v the_o deputy_n repair_v to_o their_o chamber_n and_o choose_v their_o marshal_n or_o director_n which_o do_v they_o be_v all_o conduct_v to_o kiss_v the_o king_n hand_n and_o after_o that_o ceremony_n perform_v the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o dukedom_n in_o order_n declare_v to_o they_o the_o substance_n of_o those_o affair_n which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o their_o debate_n before_o they_o depart_v they_o put_v the_o king_n in_o mind_n of_o supply_v such_o employment_n as_o be_v vacant_a with_o deserve_a person_n and_o desire_v a_o account_n of_o such_o law_n or_o ordinance_n as_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o resident_a senator_n since_o the_o sit_v of_o the_o last_o grand_a convention_n have_v so_o do_v they_o return_v to_o their_o chamber_n the_o power_n of_o these_o nuncii_fw-la or_o deputy_n be_v very_o great_a for_o when_o they_o send_v any_o of_o their_o number_n to_o the_o king_n they_o be_v present_o admit_v let_v the_o king_n be_v never_o so_o busy_a and_o have_v a_o immediate_a dispatch_n if_o they_o clash_v in_o their_o debate_n the_o king_n be_v careful_a to_o send_v some_o of_o the_o senator_n to_o reconcile_v they_o who_o then_o give_v they_o the_o title_n of_o mosci_n panovoie_n bracia_n or_o gracious_a lord_n brother_n they_o have_v also_o power_n to_o impeach_v any_o great_a officer_n of_o misdemeanour_n and_o to_o put_v the_o king_n himself_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o promise_n touch_v the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o kingdom_n neither_o be_v any_o constitution_n valid_a that_o have_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o chamber_n of_o the_o deputy_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o if_o any_o one_o of_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o the_o nuncii_fw-la dissent_n nothing_o can_v be_v legal_o conclude_v so_o that_o upon_o the_o protestation_n and_o departure_n of_o one_o deputy_n the_o whole_a convention_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la dissolve_v whilst_o the_o deputy_n be_v thus_o consult_v the_o king_n and_o senator_n have_v little_a to_o do_v but_o to_o hear_v certain_a criminal_a cause_n appoint_v before_o hand_n for_o the_o first_o week_n and_o some_o other_o civil_a controversy_n the_o second_o till_o the_o return_n of_o the_o deputy_n embody_v the_o whole_a senate_n together_o then_o every_o man_n have_v liberty_n to_o deliver_v his_o mind_n with_o the_o leave_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o marshal_n the_o king_n suspend_v his_o own_o opinion_n till_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o they_o agree_v then_o he_o endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v their_o different_a vote_n or_o if_o he_o can_v prevail_v concur_v with_o that_o party_n which_o have_v vote_v most_o conformable_o to_o the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o realm_n these_o consultation_n by_o the_o law_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v continue_v above_o fifteen_o day_n after_o the_o join_n of_o both_o house_n though_o sometime_o urgency_n of_o affair_n cause_n far_a prolongation_n when_o the_o session_n break_v up_o the_o deputy_n return_v home_o give_v notice_n of_o their_o return_n to_o the_o captain_n with_o jurisdiction_n and_o the_o palatine_n or_o vice-palatines_a give_v the_o same_o notice_n of_o the_o return_n to_o the_o deputy_n to_o the_o nobility_n invite_v they_o withal_o to_o the_o post-comitial_a assembly_n or_o convention_n of_o relation_n the_o meeting_n whereof_o the_o king_n appoint_v in_o these_o convention_n the_o deputy_n produce_v the_o constitution_n make_v in_o the_o last_o general_a assembly_n of_o estate_n deliver_v to_o they_o under_o seal_n by_o the_o chancellor_n and_o take_v care_n that_o they_o be_v fair_o transcribe_v into_o the_o land_n and_o military_a register_n not_o omit_v after_o this_o to_o give_v a_o full_a account_n of_o what_o they_o have_v act_v in_o discharge_n of_o their_o trust_n if_o the_o grand_a session_n break_v up_o in_o confusion_n not_o have_v effect_v any_o thing_n to_o purpose_n then_o certain_a post-comitial_a council_n be_v call_v wherein_o the_o king_n prefix_n a_o time_n for_o another_o grand_a session_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o wonder_n that_o much_o disturbance_n shall_v rise_v in_o the_o general_a assembly_n consider_v the_o multitude_n of_o the_o deputy_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o each_o member_n for_o which_o reason_n cardinal_n johannes_n franciscus_n commendonus_n facetious_o say_v that_o morbus_fw-la comitialis_fw-la be_v the_o epidemical_a distemper_n of_o poland_n now_o that_o the_o king_n may_v not_o want_v a_o council_n in_o the_o interval_n of_o general_a convention_n they_o before_o they_o break_v up_o appoint_v 24_o senator_n 8_o palatine_n 8_o major_n and_o as_o many_o minor_a castellanes_n and_o four_o bishop_n to_o wait_v quarterly_a four_a at_o a_o time_n one_o bishop_n and_o three_o senator_n till_o other_o 28_o be_v choose_v and_o these_o be_v bind_v so_o close_o to_o their_o duty_n that_o they_o accompany_v the_o king_n to_o the_o war_n for_o which_o they_o have_v a_o stipend_n allow_v and_o pay_v out_o of_o the_o treasury_n the_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o division_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o country_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o that_o be_v either_o ecclesiastic_a or_o secular_a either_o for_o civil_a or_o criminal_a cause_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o manner_n of_o proceed_v therein_o not_o easy_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o a_o particular_a survey_n the_o noble_n have_v a_o court_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o call_v the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n wherein_o all_o action_n relate_v to_o estate_n in_o land_n be_v try_v where_o also_o the_o captain_n and_z by_o their_o permission_n the_o king_n tenant_n may_v sue_v the_o noble_n themselves_o for_o waste_v do_v upon_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n table_n to_o this_o court_n likewise_o belong_v all_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o contract_n the_o judge_n of_o this_o court_n be_v a_o chief_a judge_n a_o judge_n and_o a_o secondary_a upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o these_o the_o nobility_n propose_v four_o land_a man_n who_o they_o recommend_v to_o the_o king_n who_o choose_v one_o out_o of_o they_o into_o the_o dead_a place_n all_o the_o judge_n be_v bind_v to_o be_v resident_a at_o the_o session_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v twice_o thrice_o and_o sometime_o four_o time_n a_o year_n the_o next_o remarkable_a court_n be_v that_o of_o the_o several_a captain_n jurisdiction_n call_v sudy_a grodskie_n or_o courtmilitary_a the_o chief_a judge_n of_o this_o court_n be_v a_o captain_n he_o sit_v alone_o takes_z cognisance_n of_o rape_n burglary_n set_v house_n on_o fire_n robbery_n upon_o the_o highway_n etc._n etc._n nobleman_n not_o land_a be_v here_o also_o try_v and_o foreign_a merchant_n come_v to_o fair_n he_o have_v also_o power_n without_o any_o noise_n of_o law_n to_o condemn_v and_o punish_v idle_a vagabond_n thief_n proscribe_v person_n
fugitive_n and_o people_n of_o infamous_a conversation_n the_o writ_n of_o the_o court_n run_v nos_fw-la capitaneus_fw-la etc._n etc._n tibi_fw-la etc._n etc._n mandamus_fw-la vigore_fw-la regio_fw-la &_o nostra_fw-la qua_fw-la hac_fw-la parte_fw-la fungimur_fw-la authoritate_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o criminal_a cause_n it_o be_v to_o be_v serve_v a_o fortnight_n in_o civil_a a_o week_n before_o the_o court_n sit_v to_o the_o judicia_fw-la campestria_fw-la may_v be_v refer_v the_o vice-captain_n court_n which_o take_v cognizance_n of_o the_o division_n of_o estate_n between_o brother_n forcible_a ejection_n servant_n entertain_v without_o testimonial_n exaction_n of_o custom_n nonpayment_n of_o public_a duty_n etc._n etc._n the_o sub-chamberlain_n court_n be_v for_o settle_v the_o bound_n of_o nobleman_n estate_n the_o commissorial_n court_n be_v erect_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n when_o the_o controversy_n happen_v between_o a_o nobleman_n and_o one_o of_o the_o king_n tenant_n for_o then_o the_o king_n send_v down_o commissioner_n to_o settle_v the_o limit_n of_o his_o own_o land_n who_o therefore_o issue_n out_o their_o writ_n after_o this_o form_n nos_fw-la etc._n etc._n commissarii_fw-la per_fw-la majestatem_fw-la regiam_fw-la specialiter_fw-la deputati_fw-la vobis_fw-la generosis_fw-la etc._n etc._n innotescimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o tribunal-court_n be_v superior_a court_n which_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o cause_n remove_v thither_o by_o way_n of_o appeal_n from_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n the_o captain_n court_n the_o vice-chamberlain_n and_o the_o commissorial_n court_n the_o judge_n of_o these_o court_n be_v as_o well_o spiritual_a as_o secular_a the_o spiritual_a judge_n be_v elect_v by_o the_o several_a chapter_n of_o the_o province_n the_o temporal_a judge_n by_o the_o most_o voice_n of_o the_o nobility_n these_o court_n be_v hold_v only_o in_o two_o place_n for_o poland_n petricow_n and_o lublin_n the_o cause_n be_v hear_v in_o order_n for_o three_o day_n be_v allow_v to_o enter_v all_o cause_n that_o come_v and_o whatever_o be_v not_o enter_v in_o those_o three_o day_n can_v be_v meddle_v with_o that_o sit_v here_o be_v try_v all_o cause_n that_o concern_v ecclesiastical_a person_n and_o the_o revenue_n of_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n the_o writ_n issue_v hence_o run_v all_o in_o the_o king_n name_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o province_n where_o the_o defendant_n live_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o court_n be_v seal_v with_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o province_n where_o the_o court_n be_v hold_v from_o hence_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n either_o to_o the_o king_n or_o the_o general_n session_n unless_o where_o the_o court_n be_v equal_o divide_v or_o that_o the_o case_n in_o controversy_n be_v not_o decide_v by_o the_o constitution_n the_o court_n of_o the_o general_n convention_n be_v either_o criminal_a or_o civil_a the_o criminal_a either_o for_o public_a crime_n as_o high_a treason_n treason_n rob_v the_o exchequer_n violation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o general_n parliament_n and_o adulterate_v or_o falsify_v the_o public_a coin_n or_o else_o for_o private_a crime_n as_o murder_n poison_v incest_n adultery_n and_o such_o like_a heinous_a offence_n to_o the_o civil_a conventional_a court_n belong_v all_o cause_n concern_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o king_n table_n good_n unlawful_o receive_v extortion_n of_o custom_n negligence_n of_o magistrate_n etc._n etc._n all_o cause_n concern_v the_o ten_o of_o nobleman_n estate_n profanation_n of_o church_n land-office_n and_o honour_n etc._n etc._n the_o judge_n of_o this_o court_n be_v the_o king_n and_o the_o senator_n whilst_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n give_v their_o vote_n the_o king_n absent_v himself_o afterward_o when_o the_o decree_n be_v confirm_v by_o plurality_n of_o vote_n he_o return_v and_o the_o marshal_n have_v proclaim_v the_o sentence_n in_o the_o king_n presence_n command_v the_o person_n condemn_v to_o be_v clap_v into_o iron_n and_z takes_z care_n that_o execution_n be_v do_v for_o cause_n that_o relate_v to_o the_o public_a revenue_n there_o be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o exchequer_n usual_o hold_v at_o radom_n and_o therefore_o call_v tribunal_n radomiense_n the_o judge_n of_o this_o court_n beside_o the_o treasurer_n be_v certain_a senator_n elect_v for_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o general_a parliament_n of_o the_o kingdom_n before_o this_o court_n be_v examine_v and_o try_v all_o sub-treasurer_n and_o collector_n of_o contribution_n and_o captain_n which_o have_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n what_o collection_n be_v pay_v into_o their_o hand_n as_o also_o all_o merchant_n and_o other_o by_o who_o the_o treasury_n have_v suffer_v any_o damage_n this_o court_n seldom_o sit_v above_o a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n and_o always_o adjourn_v before_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o general_a convention_n near_o relate_v to_o this_o court_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o commission_n for_o payment_n of_o soldier_n wage_n here_o be_v try_v such_o soldier_n as_o have_v not_o appear_v after_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o pay_n or_o that_o have_v commit_v any_o act_n of_o violence_n towards_o the_o king_n subject_n the_o judge_n of_o this_o court_n be_v the_o chief_a commission-officer_n of_o the_o army_n with_o certain_a select_a senator_n and_o deputy_n to_o assist_v they_o to_o omit_v the_o military_a court_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o well_o discipline_v army_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o king_n house_n have_v also_o his_o court_n who_o jurisdiction_n extend_v not_o only_o over_o the_o king_n servant_n but_o also_o over_o the_o senator_n themselves_o that_o live_v in_o the_o court_n the_o captural_a court_n be_v twofold_a either_o general_n which_o sit_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la to_o prevent_v disorder_n have_v absolute_a power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n who_o judge_n be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o prime_a nobility_n or_o particular_a in_o the_o several_a palatinate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o judge_n whereof_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n at_o the_o several_a particular_a convention_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la they_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o cause_n tryable_a in_o the_o captain_n court_n and_o of_o all_o injury_n and_o battery_n but_o meddle_v not_o with_o civil_a matter_n be_v like_o a_o court_n constitute_v to_o keep_v the_o peace_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la all_o captural_a court_n cease_v three_o week_n before_o the_o assembly_n for_o election_n meet_v after_o the_o election_n be_v over_o they_o sit_v again_o till_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o king_n the_o jew_n be_v every_o where_o try_v and_o judge_v by_o the_o palatine_n from_o who_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n except_o the_o sum_n exceed_v a_o hundred_o florin_n they_o that_o live_v in_o town_n or_o village_n belong_v to_o nobleman_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o royalty_n in_o the_o assessorial_n court_n the_o chancellor_n sit_v as_o supreme_a judge_n assist_v by_o the_o master_n of_o request_n and_o the_o principal_a secretary_n of_o the_o kingdom_n here_o be_v hear_v all_o cause_n remove_v from_o the_o city_n court_v as_o also_o from_o the_o palatine_n when_o the_o controversy_n lie_v between_o a_o christian_a and_o a_o jew_n of_o the_o court_n of_o relation_n the_o king_n himself_o be_v judge_n and_o hear_v all_o cause_n remove_v by_o way_n of_o appeal_n out_o of_o the_o assessorial_n court_n hence_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n but_o only_o to_o the_o parliament_n itself_o and_o that_o but_o in_o two_o or_o three_o case_n as_o when_o the_o action_n relate_v to_o a_o estate_n which_o the_o possessor_n affirm_v that_o he_o hold_v by_o inheritance_n or_o that_o it_o concern_v the_o public_a revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n i_o do_v not_o find_v any_o ecclesiatical_a court_n particular_o name_v however_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v their_o several_a court_n where_o either_o they_o or_o their_o official_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o ceremony_n and_o institution_n ecclesiastical_a and_o be_v judge_n of_o heresy_n schism_n magic_a incantation_n usury_n simony_n as_o also_o controversy_n about_o tithe_n and_o church-land_n of_o murder_n or_o violence_n offer_v to_o a_o religious_a person_n or_o upon_o holy_a ground_n moreover_o they_o determine_v the_o right_n of_o patronage_n matrimonial_a difference_n and_o contest_v touch_v birthright_n as_o for_o will_n and_o testament_n the_o difference_n about_o they_o be_v decide_v in_o the_o secular_a court_n as_o well_o as_o in_o these_o unless_o in_o case_n of_o some_o legacy_n leave_v to_o the_o church_n from_o the_o bishop_n court_n there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n from_o he_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o apostolic_a see_n to_o the_o spiritual_a court_n belong_v the_o court_n of_o nunciature_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n for_o that_o purpose_n always_o reside_v in_o poland_n however_o before_o he_o
still_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o that_o time_n the_o polander_n begin_v to_o sleight_n and_o hate_v the_o silesian_n seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o silesian_n nobility_n to_o council_n of_o parliament_n and_o balk_v the_o right_a succession_n if_o any_o of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n these_o jealousy_n and_o quarrel_n be_v foment_v and_o increase_v by_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o by_o this_o mean_v whedle_v the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n into_o his_o yoke_n and_o afterward_o force_v casimir_n the_o great_a to_o resign_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o that_o province_n into_o his_o hand_n after_o this_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v frequent_a skirmish_n with_o the_o bohemian_o yet_o never_o regain_v any_o considerable_a foot_n in_o silesia_n for_o except_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o wschovia_n retake_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a a.d._n 1343_o and_o some_o other_o parcel_n of_o ground_n annex_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o poland_n silesia_n be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n lusatia_n be_v once_o conquer_v by_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n but_o soon_o after_o lose_v again_o lusâ—â—â—â—_n lusâ—â—â—â—_n for_o though_o when_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n subdue_v silesia_n lusatia_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o so_o continue_v yet_o the_o polander_n claim_v no_o more_o of_o it_o as_o lord_n of_o silesia_n than_o a_o few_o frontier_n town_n the_o rest_n be_v under_o the_o marquess_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o goldastus_n prove_v it_o be_v without_o all_o authority_n of_o annal_n what_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o etymology_n maâ—â—â—_n neâ—_n maâ—â—â—_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n that_o new_a marck_n indeed_o or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a share_n of_o it_o be_v they_o be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n since_o as_o the_o best_a historian_n witness_v miecislaus_fw-la or_o miscio_n the_o first_o christian_a duke_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n of_o lubuss_n this_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o polander_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o recover_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o successor_n keep_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1109_o when_o it_o be_v again_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v_n who_o give_v it_o to_o adelgot_v archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o silesia_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o second_o the_o territory_n of_o lubuss_n devolve_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o silesian_n duke_n whence_o it_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o to_o be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cromer_n say_v it_o be_v mortgage_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o bald_a and_o never_o redeem_v but_o dlugossus_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1198._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v sell_v by_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislavia_n from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v in_o new_a marck_n and_o at_o present_a have_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o it_o vladislaus_n jagello_n bring_v it_o whole_o under_o his_o power_n but_o his_o son_n find_v it_o too_o hot_a service_n for_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o marquis_n john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n part_v with_o the_o last_o stake_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o drahim_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o bydgost_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o that_o the_o slavonian_n be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n be_v undeniable_o true_a …_o pom_n …_o pomorska_n in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v near_o the_o sea_n whence_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n a_o ancient_a and_o judicious_a polish_v writer_n use_v frequent_o the_o word_n maritima_n for_o pomeren_n and_o speak_v of_o this_o country_n these_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o maritimae_n praeses_fw-la maritimae_n dux_n ingressus_fw-la est_fw-la maritimam_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o polander_n be_v master_n of_o pomeren_n immediate_o upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o slavoniaus_n be_v a_o grand_a question_n which_o the_o pole_n affirm_v but_o the_o pomeranian_o deny_v and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o they_o helmoldus_n agree_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v with_o the_o latter_a place_n pomeren_n among_o the_o free_a slavonian_a province_n lie_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n and_o before_o his_o day_n adam_n bremensis_n give_v we_o the_o same_o account_n micraelius_n a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n lib._n 2._o chron._n pomer_n num_fw-la 46._o p._n 191._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o the_o polander_n make_v upon_o pomeren_n be_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o authorize_v boleslaus_n chrobri_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o bring_v into_o his_o subjection_n the_o prussian_n pomeranians_n wendi_n and_o russian_n which_o do_v the_o emperor_n at_o a_o visit_n give_v king_n boleslaus_n make_v the_o bishop_n of_o colberg_n a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o spread_v his_o dominion_n all_o over_o casubia_n and_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n put_v garrison_n into_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n between_o the_o persandt_n and_o the_o vistula_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o they_o to_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n but_o upon_o bela_n return_n into_o hungary_n pomeren_n shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o only_o be_v subject_n to_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o till_o svantibor_n surrender_v it_o again_o to_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v free_v he_o from_o prison_n to_o which_o his_o own_o subject_n have_v commit_v he_o after_o svantibors_n death_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o four_o son_n whereof_o two_o who_o be_v duke_n of_o the_o western_a pomeren_n from_o colberg_n as_o far_o as_o the_o marck_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v admit_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n the_o other_o two_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v themselves_o subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o pomeranian_o soon_o weary_a of_o bondage_n revolt_v once_o more_o from_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o perhaps_o have_v for_o ever_o reject_v his_o government_n have_v not_o mestwin_n their_o duke_n want_v issue_n endeavour_v to_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n for_o look_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n as_o mere_a stranger_n be_v indeed_o three_o part_n of_o they_o german_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreign_a nation_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o swear_v fealty_n to_o praemislaus_fw-la ii_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o quarter_v his_o coat_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n the_o gryphin_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n become_v sole_a lord_n of_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1460_o casimir_n jagellonides_n straighten_a in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n commit_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o lavenburgh_n and_o bouta_n to_o the_o trust_n of_o eric_n ii_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n who_o successor_n george_n son_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la x._o and_o nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v these_o city_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v some_o sleight_n acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o these_o term_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n renew_v his_o title_n to_o these_o place_n after_o the_o usual_a fashion_n by_o his_o ambassador_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o what_o right_a the_o polander_n have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o former_o their_o pretension_n be_v much_o great_a than_o now_o sometime_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n lord_v it_o over_o the_o prussian_n and_o make_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_v his_o vicegerent_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o the_o
knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n have_v make_v their_o master_n in_o the_o year_n 1525_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o the_o teutonick_n order_n shall_v be_v whole_o extirpate_v and_o that_o part_n of_o prussia_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v ducal_z prussia_n shall_v be_v govern_v by_o the_o say_a marquis_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n or_o regal_a prussia_n remain_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n shall_v always_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o kingdom_n be_v precedent_n of_o the_o king_n council_n last_o john_n casimir_n the_o late_a king_n of_o poland_n grant_v first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o and_o again_o 1663._o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n and_o dominion_n over_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o dukedom_n upon_o defect_n of_o male_a issue_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o supreme_a landlord_n and_o be_v confer_v on_o the_o duke_n of_o onoldsbach_n and_o culmbach_n as_o feudatary_n muscovy_n muscovy_n how_o affair_n stand_v at_o present_a between_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n may_v appear_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v by_o both_o party_n a.d._n 1667_o speak_v of_o before_o but_o former_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v lay_v claim_n and_o make_v good_a their_o title_n either_o by_o justice_n or_o the_o sword_n to_o several_a large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o first_o jorislaus_n duke_n of_o russia_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n a.d._n 1018._o afterward_o a.d._n 1069_o boleslaus_n ii_o possess_v himself_o of_o kiow_n and_o indeed_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o russia_n over_o which_o he_o set_v jesaslaus_n a_o tributary_n duke_n after_o his_o death_n continual_a war_n be_v between_o the_o two_o nation_n till_o casimir_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 1340_o reduce_v the_o southern_a russia_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n but_o how_o little_a of_o that_o remain_v at_o this_o day_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v show_v before_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v style_v themselves_o king_n of_o sweden_n sweden_n sweden_n upon_o no_o other_o pretence_n then_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n but_o this_o title_n cease_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n as_o have_v already_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o description_n of_o liefland_n of_o the_o pretension_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n we_o have_v see_v to_o what_o kingdom_n and_o country_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v in_o former_a age_n claim_v a_o right_a and_o title_n and_o we_o may_v perhaps_o find_v as_o many_o king_n and_o prince_n of_o other_o nation_n who_o have_v challenge_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o as_o good_a ground_n but_o to_o omit_v the_o many_o conquest_n obtain_v by_o the_o russian_n bohemian_o hungarian_n and_o other_o over_o the_o pole_n enough_o to_o entitle_v any_o potent_a prince_n to_o their_o kingdom_n the_o strong_a pretension_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v those_o of_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o most_o of_o the_o polish_v historian_n tell_v we_o that_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v create_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o before_o which_o time_n the_o prince_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v only_a duke_n this_o story_n be_v confirm_v by_o beside_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a writer_n of_o poland_n a_o ancient_a epitaph_n find_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o posen_n in_o which_o among_o other_o commendation_n of_o boleslaus_n i._o be_v the_o follow_a rhythm_n tu_fw-la possedisti_fw-la velut_fw-la athleta_fw-la christi_fw-la regnum_fw-la slavorum_n gothorum_fw-la seu_fw-la polonorum_fw-la caesar_n praecellens_fw-la a_o te_fw-la ducalia_n pellens_fw-la and_o again_o ob_fw-la famam_fw-la bonam_fw-la tibi_fw-la contulit_fw-la otto_n coronam_fw-la propter_fw-la luctamen_fw-la sit_fw-la tibi_fw-la salus_fw-la amen_n however_o though_o the_o historian_n of_o poland_n grant_v that_o boleslaus_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o king_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n yet_o they_o deny_v stubborn_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v ever_o subject_a or_o tributary_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o conringius_n a_o ingenious_a and_o learned_a german_a physician_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v de_fw-fr finibus_fw-la germanici_fw-la imperii_fw-la c._n 18._o have_v demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a for_o not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a who_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a conquer_a poland_n as_o well_o as_o silesia_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o christian_a prince_n of_o poland_n pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n and_o the_o polish_v writer_n be_v force_v to_o confess_v that_o otto_n iii_o remit_v all_o homage_n due_a otherwise_o to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n when_o he_o create_v he_o king_n after_o boleslaus_n death_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o his_o successor_n be_v compel_v to_o pay_v the_o usual_a tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o after_o this_o several_a of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n very_o willing_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o other_o be_v force_v out_o of_o their_o obstinate_a refusal_n at_o last_o in_o the_o long_a vacancy_n of_o the_o imperial_a throne_n soon_o after_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o thirteen_o century_n during_o which_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o elect_a emperor_n whilst_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n be_v in_o a_o confuse_a distraction_n the_o polander_n take_v occasion_n to_o shake_v off_o the_o german_a yoke_n to_o which_o they_o can_v never_o since_o be_v reduce_v this_o be_v part_n of_o the_o relation_n which_o conringius_n give_v we_o of_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o poland_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n found_v chief_o upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o dithmarus_fw-la mersburgensis_n and_o helmoldus_n man_n of_o unquestionable_a veracity_n in_o their_o history_n hartknoch_n endeavour_v to_o evade_v the_o force_n of_o his_o argument_n by_o say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o polander_n have_v former_o pay_v some_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o emperor_n by_o who_o it_o be_v demand_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o tribute_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o necessary_o suppose_v any_o dependence_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n for_o it_o be_v ordinary_a even_o with_o the_o emperor_n themselves_o to_o buy_v peace_n with_o money_n and_o thus_o the_o english_a buy_v their_o peace_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o make_v lewis_n xi_o king_n of_o france_n pay_v for_o he_o but_o let_v he_o consider_v first_o whether_o the_o word_n of_o helmoldus_n chron._n slau._n lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o num_fw-la 9_o can_v be_v proper_o understand_v of_o any_o such_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o be_v usual_o pay_v by_o any_o nation_n upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n when_o he_o say_v seruit_fw-la &_o ipsa_fw-la speak_v of_o poland_n sicut_fw-la bohemia_n sub_fw-la tributo_fw-la imperatoriae_fw-la majestati_fw-la here_o the_o historian_n tell_v we_o plain_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v in_o his_o time_n as_o much_o tributary_n to_o the_o emperor_n as_o bohemia_n and_o how_o true_o that_o be_v under_o his_o subjection_n every_o historian_n will_v show_v again_o it_o be_v not_o very_o considerate_o do_v to_o instance_n in_o the_o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o english_a to_o the_o dane_n or_o by_o lewis_n xi_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o both_o these_o be_v doubtless_o acknowledgement_n of_o subjection_n and_o homage_n the_o dane_n all_o know_v be_v absolute_a lord_n of_o our_o land_n for_o 26_o and_o make_v almost_o continual_a incursion_n into_o it_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 250_o year_n dane-gelt_a which_o perhaps_o hartknoch_n as_o some_o of_o our_o own_o historian_n have_v do_v mistake_v for_o a_o tribute_n or_o composition-money_n pay_v the_o dane_n upon_o any_o invasion_n be_v at_o first_o only_o a_o subsidy_n gather_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o stand_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o danish_a fury_n afterward_o indeed_o the_o word_n be_v use_v to_o denote_v a_o tribute_n sometime_o amount_v to_o 72000_o pound_n levy_v yearly_a in_o england_n and_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o refusal_n of_o which_o payment_n the_o english_a be_v sure_a to_o feel_v the_o weight_n of_o that_o king_n displeasure_n this_o tribute_n be_v certain_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o true_a and_o real_a subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n which_o may_v have_v last_v long_o have_v not_o the_o saxon_a and_o danish_a line_n be_v peaceable_o unite_v in_o the_o pious_a king_n
gustavus_n x._o ann_n 1655_o and_o by_o this_o present_a king_n charles_n xi_o in_o 1663._o public_o ratify_v and_o subscribe_v to_o and_o ever_o since_o by_o he_o maintain_v so_o that_o lutheranism_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v take_v deep_a root_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o clergy_n of_o sweden_n be_v have_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o reputation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n be_v since_o the_o reformation_n very_o much_o impair_v gustavus_n i._n annex_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o the_o crown_n at_o one_o time_n 7500_o farm_n and_o ecclesiastical_a live_n yet_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o their_o minister_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v much_o abate_v their_o archbishop_n always_o perform_v the_o religious_a solemnity_n at_o the_o king_n coronation_n and_z with_o as_o many_o bishop_n as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o choose_v be_v admit_v privy-counsellor_n to_o his_o majesty_n he_o be_v reckon_v the_o chief_a person_n in_o the_o kingdom_n next_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o according_o take_v place_n of_o all_o temporal_a lord_n and_o ancient_o when_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o a_o knight_n or_o lay-privy-counsellor_n to_o have_v only_o twelve_o and_o a_o senator_n eight_o it_o be_v order_v that_o he_o may_v have_v forty_o and_o a_o bishop_n thirty_o horse_n in_o their_o retinue_n he_o have_v under_o he_o seven_o suffragans_fw-la viz._n the_o bishop_n of_o lyncopen_n scare_n stergne_n westeras_fw-la wexio_fw-la aboa_n and_o riga_n and_o divers_a superintendent_o who_o have_v episcopal_a jurisdiction_n viz._n of_o calmare_n gottenburgh_n marienstadt_n revel_v etc._n etc._n all_o which_o make_v up_o a_o ecclesiastical_a college_n call_v the_o supreme_a consistory_n of_o the_o kingdom_n wherein_o the_o archbishop_n always_o preside_v the_o clergy_n of_o this_o nation_n say_v loccenius_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n use_v to_o marry_v till_o pope_n innocent_a iu_o by_o a_o council_n hold_v at_o sceningia_n a_o city_n of_o ostrogothia_a ann_n 1248_o forbid_v marriage_n to_o priest_n and_o cause_v those_o that_o have_v wife_n to_o put_v they_o away_o what_o concern_v their_o religion_n or_o their_o church-government_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o lutheran_n must_v be_v elsewhere_o more_o large_o treat_v of_o the_o king_n be_v the_o absolute_a sovereign_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n which_o he_o determine_v not_o without_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n he_o name_v all_o the_o bishop_n and_o by_o his_o power_n be_v summon_v all_o ecclesiastical_a assembly_n author_n make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o their_o bishop_n and_o superintendent_o but_o it_o be_v not_o considerable_a both_o equal_o depend_v upon_o the_o archbishop_n but_o the_o superintendent_o have_v not_o in_o all_o thing_n equal_a power_n with_o the_o bishop_n 5._o the_o five_o and_o last_o city_n of_o vpland_n be_v stockholm_n stockholme_n stockholme_n lie_v in_o 42_o degree_n 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of_o sweden_n be_v and_o for_o many_o year_n have_v be_v absolute_a monarch_n over_o both_o kingdom_n a_o catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n be_v give_v by_o jo._n magnus_n grotius_n upon_o procopius_n crantzius_n loccenius_n gothish_n their_o king_n swedish_n and_o gothish_n wolf_n lazius_n and_o other_o author_n who_o we_o shall_v follow_v set_v down_o what_o we_o find_v most_o remarkable_a and_o agree_v upon_o concern_v they_o they_o be_v common_o divide_v into_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a or_o internal_a and_o external_a king_n who_o exercise_v their_o authority_n sometime_o in_o gothland_n and_o swedland_n sometime_o in_o scythia_n italy_n spain_n and_o other_o place_n which_o they_o subdue_v wolfgang_n lazius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o those_o king_n which_o be_v make_v in_o foreign_a country_n as_o not_o only_o in_o thracia_n maesia_n etc._n etc._n but_o even_o in_o scythia_n before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n do_v not_o only_o rule_v over_o their_o own_o particular_a colony_n but_o have_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o swedland_n subject_n to_o they_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o we_o have_v allege_v out_o of_o locc_n and_o other_o approve_a author_n for_o if_o the_o swede_n be_v subject_a to_o they_o in_o thracia_n etc._n etc._n upon_o what_o authority_n do_v they_o publish_v law_n for_o the_o recall_v they_o thence_o and_o if_o those_o be_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o sweden_n upon_o what_o account_n can_v they_o be_v just_o disinherit_v for_o not_o return_v thither_o and_o it_o be_v further_o say_v that_o when_o theodoricus_n be_v king_n of_o the_o goth_n in_o italy_n one_o radolphus_n king_n of_o swedland_n with_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n go_v to_o visit_v he_o which_o show_v that_o even_o then_o when_o the_o gothish_a nation_n be_v most_o potent_a abroad_o the_o swede_n have_v a_o distinct_a king_n of_o their_o own_o and_o exempt_a from_o their_o jurisdiction_n johannes_n magnus_n by_o what_o authority_n i_o know_v not_o loccenius_n himself_n in_o a_o matter_n so_o obscure_a not_o venture_v to_o be_v positive_a deduce_v the_o original_a both_o of_o this_o nation_n and_o monarchy_n of_o the_o swede_n from_o 1._o magog_n grandchild_n to_o noah_n by_o japhet_n who_o he_o make_v to_o be_v their_o first_o king_n and_o founder_n 2._o after_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v succeed_v swenno_n his_o elder_a son_n who_o as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v first_o of_o all_o give_v name_n to_o the_o swede_n or_o swenon_n 3._o gether_o or_o gogus_fw-la who_o found_v the_o getish_a or_o as_o afterward_o name_v the_o gothish_a nation_n 4._o vbbo_n brother_n to_o swenno_n anno_fw-la a_o dil._n 246_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v vpsal_n 5._o siggo_n who_o to_o defend_v his_o territory_n against_o the_o finlander_n build_v the_o city_n sigtuna_n near_o the_o lake_n meller_n 6._o ericus_n anno_fw-la a_o dil._n 357_o he_o so_o prudent_o manage_v and_o so_o far_o extend_v his_o kingdom_n that_o by_o many_o historian_n among_o which_o loccenius_n be_v one_o he_o be_v reckon_v as_o the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o goth_n how_o descend_v be_v somewhat_o uncertain_a but_o by_o some_o say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o poor_a man_n son_n and_o advance_v to_o the_o throne_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n in_o his_o reign_n several_a man_n vagabond_n such_o as_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o his_o law_n and_o government_n be_v send_v out_o into_o schonen_fw-mi and_o the_o cimbrick_n island_n he_o live_v to_o a_o great_a age_n and_o die_v peaceable_o after_o the_o death_n of_o ericus_n an._n mundi_fw-la 2014_o according_a to_o the_o swedish_n chronicle_n the_o state_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v much_o disturb_v by_o civil_a commotion_n and_o the_o succession_n in_o the_o throne_n for_o some_o time_n interrupt_v the_o next_o name_n be_v 7._o vddo_fw-la 8._o alo._n 9_o othenus_n 10._o charles_n i._n 11._o biorno_n and_o getharus_n all_o which_o rule_v both_o in_o gothia_n and_o their_o own_o country_n suecia_n 12._o gylfo_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v descend_v from_o one_o ferinoto_n king_n of_o finland_n 13._o after_o gulfo_n the_o kingdom_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v govern_v by_o judge_n for_o sometime_o till_o othinus_n or_o odinus_n who_o come_v out_o of_o asia_n into_o the_o northern_a part_n and_o settle_v at_o vpsal_n by_o his_o magic_n and_o sorcery_n gain_v so_o much_o favour_n among_o the_o people_n that_o they_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o after_o he_o be_v dead_a esteem_v he_o as_o one_o of_o their_o principal_a go_n he_o be_v as_o i_o may_v say_v the_o numa_n pompilius_n of_o the_o swede_n be_v the_o first_o that_o establish_v any_o set_a worship_n and_o sacred_a solemnity_n among_o they_o that_o give_v law_n and_o ordain_v officer_n both_o to_o execute_v justice_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o take_v care_n of_o all_o religious_a matter_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v twelve_o of_o a_o senatorian_a order_n call_v driar_n or_o drotnar_n whence_o drotset_n the_o name_n now_o in_o use_n to_o denote_v their_o viceroy_n seem_v to_o come_v this_o he_o do_v as_o he_o pretend_v by_o the_o advice_n or_o at_o the_o command_n of_o the_o god_n with_o who_o he_o keep_v great_a familiarity_n and_o correspondence_n 14._o niordus_n or_o nearchus_n a_o famous_a magician_n 15._o freius_n froerus_n or_o frotho_n surname_v the_o peaceable_a the_o first_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o drott_n or_o king_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v give_v the_o patrimony_n of_o vpsal_n call_v vpsala_n oedom_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o which_o the_o king_n take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o alienate_v or_o embezle_n 16._o odder_n and_o freia_n or_o frigga_n his_o wife_n who_o with_o her_o husband_n rule_v peaceable_o and_o be_v repute_v a_o goddess_n after_o her_o death_n 17._o fiolmus_n a_o sottish_a and_o negligent_a prince_n who_o neither_o regard_v his_o own_o nor_o the_o people_n welfare_n be_v invite_v to_o banquet_n by_o fretho_fw-mi king_n of_o denmark_n and_o make_v drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o be_v accident_o drown_v in_o a_o vessel_n of_o mead._n 18._o sueigder_o of_o who_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n mention_v many_o fabulous_a story_n and_o diabolical_a enchantment_n 19_o walander_n or_o wanlander_n who_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o schonen_fw-mi and_z hallandia_n and_o conquer_v they_o or_o rather_o regain_v they_o out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o one_o ostarus_n who_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o those_o part_n in_o his_o time_n the_o russes_z be_v say_v to_o have_v employ_v one_o retho_n a_o famous_a pirate_n to_o infest_v the_o swede_n who_o lie_v upon_o their_o coast_n and_o do_v very_o much_o injury_n to_o they_o hence_o retheran_n signify_v in_o the_o swedish_n language_n to_o commit_v rapine_n against_o this_o pirate_n the_o king_n levy_v all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v but_o withal_o distrust_v their_o power_n desire_a assistance_n of_o the_o devil_n promise_v he_o his_o body_n and_o soul_n upon_o condition_n he_o may_v obtain_v a_o victory_n over_o he_o which_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v do_v and_o the_o devil_n short_o after_o according_a to_o compact_n to_o have_v come_v and_o fetch_v away_o his_o bargain_n 20._o wisbur_fw-la 21._o domalder_n who_o with_o many_o of_o his_o noble_n be_v sacrifice_v to_o their_o god_n odinus_n or_o woden_n 22._o domarus_n 23._o vignerus_fw-la in_o the_o norwegian_a chronicle_n call_v dygue_n the_o first_o that_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n konung_n or_o king_n 24._o ingemarus_n or_o agnus_n as_o some_o report_n murder_v by_o his_o wife_n 25._o humelus_n or_o humblus_n who_o elder_a son_n dan_fw-mi be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o gve_n name_n to_o that_o nation_n 26._o sigtrugus_n who_o defeat_v gramus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n in_o battle_n 27._o suibdagerus_n first_o of_o all_o king_n of_o norway_n next_o of_o denmark_n and_o afterward_o of_o sweden_n the_o first_o foreigner_n after_o odinus_n that_o obtain_v the_o swedish_n kingdom_n 28._o asmundus_n 29._o vffo_n both_o which_o wage_v a_o long_a and_o bloody_a war_n with_o hadingus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n 30._o hunningus_n or_o hundingus_n who_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o hadingus_fw-la and_o love_v he_o so_o entire_o that_o hear_v a_o false_a report_v of_o his_o death_n he_o make_v a_o funeral_n banquet_n as_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o honour_n and_o remembrance_n of_o he_o invite_v his_o noble_n to_o it_o and_o as_o not_o will_v to_o survive_v his_o friend_n before_o they_o all_o drown_v himself_o in_o a_o vessel_n of_o metheglin_n which_o hadingus_fw-la hearing_n and_o be_v resolve_v that_o affection_n shall_v not_o seem_v cold_a on_o his_o part_n for_o very_a grief_n hang_v himself_o 31._o regnerus_n a_o good_a and_o peaceable_a king_n 32._o hothebrodus_n who_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o helgo_n king_n of_o denmark_n because_o he_o in_o disgrace_n of_o
to_o teach_v he_o and_o his_o subject_n in_o that_o religion_n ethelred_n according_o order_v sigfridus_n archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o with_o he_o two_o priest_n eschillas_n and_o davidus_fw-la to_o go_v into_o sweden_n where_o the_o king_n kind_o receive_v they_o be_v by_o they_o baptize_v and_o at_o their_o entreaty_n build_v christian_a church_n in_o most_o province_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o as_o some_o say_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a constancy_n and_o zeal_n in_o his_o religion_n have_v the_o name_n of_o christianissimus_a give_v he_o he_o among_o several_a good_a law_n and_o constitution_n order_v that_o the_o chief_a power_n of_o elect_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o goth_n in_o any_o case_n but_o principal_o to_o the_o swede_n and_o that_o they_o before_o call_v king_n of_o vpsal_n shall_v be_v thenceforth_o style_v king_n of_o swedland_n and_o gothland_n this_o king_n suppress_v duel_v and_o the_o runick_a character_n introduce_v the_o trial_n by_o fire_n ordeal_o and_o die_v in_o a_o happy_a old_a age_n 98._o anundus_fw-la nickname_v carbonarius_n because_o he_o order_v that_o whosoever_o offend_v against_o the_o law_n which_o he_o have_v promulgate_v shall_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o crime_n either_o have_v all_o his_o house_n or_o part_n of_o it_o burn_v down_o he_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n by_o the_o care_n of_o his_o father_n olaus_n which_o in_o his_o reign_n he_o defend_v and_o die_v peaceable_o 99_o enundus_fw-la base-son_n to_o olaus_n and_o brother_n to_o anundus_n surname_v gammel_n i._n e._n base_a from_o his_o contempt_n of_o religion_n or_o as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n because_o he_o yield_v up_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n schonen_fw-mi blekingia_n and_o hallandia_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gothia_n 100_o haquinus_fw-la iii_o surname_v rufus_n 101._o stenchillus_n ii_o breed_v up_o in_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o he_o very_o much_o encourage_v among_o his_o subject_n make_v his_o palace_n a_o sanctuary_n for_o any_o that_o be_v persecute_v in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n for_o that_o profession_n 102._o ingo_n iii_o not_o descend_v from_o the_o blood-royal_a but_o for_o his_o singular_a virtue_n elect_v king_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v so_o exact_a a_o observer_n of_o his_o own_o law_n that_o he_o never_o offend_v against_o any_o of_o they_o 103._o halstanus_n a_o just_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n 104._o philippus_n 105._o ingo_n iu._n in_o his_o progress_n through_o his_o dominion_n by_o some_o of_o his_o courtier_n poison_a at_o a_o small_a village_n in_o ostrogothia_a 106._o ragvaldus_n surname_v knaphofde_v i._n e._n cock-brained_a elect_v by_o the_o swede_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o goth_n which_o they_o not_o endure_v as_o think_v it_o a_o breach_n of_o their_o privilege_n rebel_v against_o he_o and_o in_o battle_n slay_v he_o for_o one_o to_o succeed_v he_o both_o nation_n pitch_v upon_o 107._o suercherus_fw-la two_o who_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o church_n on_o christmas_n day_n be_v by_o a_o ruffian_n employ_v by_o one_o scatelerus_n who_o hope_v to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n after_o his_o death_n miserable_o assassinate_v gothick_n king_n out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n who_o reign_v over_o the_o goth_n while_o they_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n vistula_n or_o weissel_n and_o also_o in_o dacia_n and_o thracia_n near_o that_o time_n when_o according_a to_o some_o author_n they_o divide_v themselves_o into_o ostro_fw-la and_o westro-goth_n 1._o anthinus_n 2._o antheas_n 3._o gothilas_n a_o famous_a queen_n who_o daughter_n medumpa_n be_v marry_v to_o philip_n king_n of_o macedonia_n 4._o sitalcus_fw-la elect_v king_n an._n ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 300._o he_o with_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o man_n lay_v waste_v all_o the_o country_n of_o greece_n 5._o dromgethes_n 6._o tanobonta_fw-la 7._o boroista_n cotemporary_a with_o sylla_n the_o roman_a dictator_n who_o live_v an._n aunt_n nat_n christ_n 76._o 8._o commositus_fw-la both_o king_n and_o priest_n 9_o corillus_fw-la under_o who_o conduct_n the_o goth_n say_v lazius_n first_o of_o all_o invade_v dacia_n 10._o dorpaneus_n co-temporary_a with_o domitian_n the_o roman_a emperor_n an._n christ_n 83._o 11._o decebalus_n 12._o ostrogotha_n 13._o cinna_z or_o omba_n 14._o cannabas_n or_o canabande_n 15._o hildericus_n surname_v ovida_fw-la who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a 16._o gebeticus_fw-la 17._o armanaricus_n who_o be_v say_v damasc_n suppl_n eutrop._n overcome_v by_o the_o hunns_n and_o make_v tributary_n to_o they_o 18._o vinnitarius_n 19_o hunimundus_n 20._o totismundus_n 21._o alaricus_n and_o fridigernus_n who_o as_o lazius_n mention_n reign_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o thracia_n they_o defeat_v the_o roman_a force_n send_v against_o they_o command_v by_o valens_n the_o emperor_n who_o they_o put_v to_o flight_n and_o apprehend_v he_o in_o a_o small_a cottage_n whither_o he_o have_v flee_v to_o hide_v himself_o burn_v he_o to_o death_n 23._o theomarus_n who_o conquer_v maesia_n 24._o radagaisus_n who_o to_o maesia_n add_v a_o great_a part_n of_o pannonia_n an._n christ_n 390._o 25._o alvaricus_n a_o potent_a king_n 26._o alaricus_n ii_o who_o subdue_v all_o illyricum_n and_o extend_v his_o arm_n as_o far_o as_o italy_n arcadius_n and_o honorius_n son_n to_o theodosius_n the_o emperor_n either_o for_o some_o private_a end_n wish_v the_o success_n or_o not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o power_n of_o his_o force_n and_o thereupon_o not_o timely_a prevent_v his_o design_n he_o sack_v rome_n subdue_v naples_n and_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o country_n but_o at_o last_o the_o goth_n be_v by_o stilico_n general_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n driven_z out_o of_o italy_n and_o after_o their_o departure_n thence_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v sit_v down_o in_o france_n the_o ostrogothish_a king_n who_o rule_v in_o italy_n according_a to_o wolf_n lazius_n 1._o alaricus_n i._o 2._o theodericus_fw-la who_o leo_n or_o as_o scalig._n zeno_n the_o emperor_n make_v his_o adopt_a son_n he_o expel_v the_o heruli_n out_o of_o italy_n and_o whole_o subject_v it_o to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o goth_n he_o have_v one_o daughter_n name_v amalasuentha_n 3._o theodatus_fw-la or_o as_o jornandes_n have_v it_o eutharicus_fw-la call_v out_o of_o france_n by_o the_o italic_a goth_n to_o be_v their_o king_n 4._o alaricus_n two_o though_o he_o be_v the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n who_o settle_v in_o italy_n 5._o alaricus_n iii_o 6._o athalaricus_n who_o have_v one_o only_a daughter_n who_o he_o marry_v to_o vittigis_fw-la who_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n for_o about_o fourteen_o year_n and_o defend_v himself_o brave_o against_o the_o roman_a power_n 7._o illovadus_n he_o be_v kill_v in_o battle_n by_o narses_n the_o roman_a general_n 8._o alaricus_n iu._n who_o reign_v only_o five_o month_n 9_o totylas_n or_o odilo_n 10._o teias_n the_o last_o gothish_a king_n in_o italy_n who_o himself_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o his_o people_n almost_o all_o root_v out_o and_o destroy_v by_o they_o some_o few_o only_o remain_v who_o mix_v and_o incorporate_n with_o the_o italian_n at_o present_a pass_n for_o the_o same_o nation_n with_o they_o westro_n or_o wiso-gothick_a king_n who_o reign_v in_o gallia_n lugdunensis_n and_o aquitanica_fw-la 1._o alaricus_n i._n who_o as_o be_v say_v conduct_v the_o gothick_n people_n into_o those_o part_n an._n salut_n 411._o 2._o austulphus_n son_n to_o alaricus_n 3._o theodericus_fw-la kill_v by_o attyla_n king_n of_o the_o hunns_n 4._o turismundus_n son_n to_o theodericus_fw-la who_o to_o revenge_v his_o father_n death_n wage_v war_n with_o the_o hunns_n and_o overcome_v they_o 5._o dietmarus_n in_o who_o time_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o goth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o vallia_n go_v into_o spain_n 6._o gundoccarus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o theodosius_n junior_a after_o his_o reign_n the_o goth_n in_o these_o part_n grow_v inconsiderable_a as_o intermix_v themselves_o with_o other_o people_n and_o not_o have_v a_o distinct_a king_n of_o their_o own_o but_o be_v subject_v to_o many_z other_o prince_n beside_o these_o gothish_a king_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v there_o be_v many_o other_o who_o rule_v over_o the_o wisogoth_n in_o spain_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n a_o catalogue_n of_o who_o we_o leave_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o spain_n and_o arragon_n and_o the_o kingdom_n where_o they_o reign_v for_o the_o goth_n in_o those_o part_n blending_a with_o the_o romani_n alani_n suevi_n mauri_n saraceni_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o so_o much_o continue_v a_o distinct_a nation_n of_o themselves_o as_o become_v a_o people_n incorporate_v with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n or_o these_o with_o the_o goth_n so_o that_o they_o be_v rule_v by_o
foreign_a prince_n and_o their_o manner_n model_v by_o different_a law_n the_o second_o great_a epocha_n in_o the_o swedish_n chronicle_n be_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 108._o ericus_n ix_o surname_v the_o saint_n a_o virtuous_a and_o pious_a prince_n he_o never_o lay_v any_o tax_n or_o imposition_n upon_o his_o subject_n but_o be_v content_a with_o the_o crown-patrimony_n and_o when_o money_n be_v offer_v he_o by_o his_o people_n he_o refuse_v to_o accept_v it_o he_o build_v the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o vpsal_n and_o propagate_v christianity_n to_o the_o finlander_n this_o king_n new_o model_v all_o the_o swedish_n law_n and_o expunge_v those_o that_o any_o way_n favour_v paganism_n he_o be_v murder_v by_o a_o party_n of_o rebel_n and_o in_o the_o very_a place_n where_o they_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n there_o present_o issue_v out_o say_v loccen_n a_o spring_n of_o pure_a water_n famous_a for_o cure_v disease_n 109._o charles_n vii_o a_o peaceable_a and_o religious_a king_n who_o found_v several_a monastery_n and_o have_v a_o archbishop_n see_v grant_v he_o in_o his_o own_o dominion_n 110._o canutus_n son_n to_o ericus_n 111._o suercherus_fw-la ii_o 112._o ericus_n x_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a king_n 113._o john_n ay_o surname_v the_o meek_a he_o propagate_v the_o christian_a religion_n among_o the_o leiflander_n 114._o ericus_n xi_o surname_v the_o stammerer_n he_o root_v out_o paganism_n in_o tavastia_n and_o bring_v over_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n 115._o waldemarus_n son_n to_o bergerus_n jerl_n who_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o ericus_n in_o his_o father_n absence_n be_v clect_v king_n which_o his_o father_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o at_o his_o return_n declare_v his_o displeasure_n that_o a_o unexperienced_a youth_n his_o son_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o himself_o disregard_v he_o be_v thereupon_o desire_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n after_o his_o death_n waldemarus_n have_v absolute_a power_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o rule_v by_o his_o own_o unfortunate_a command_v he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o people_n and_o his_o crown_n give_v to_o 116._o magnus_n i_o surname_v ladulaus_n i._n e._n the_o lock_n to_o granary_n because_o he_o make_v such_o severe_a law_n against_o steal_v corn_n and_o break_v up_o granary_n that_o in_o his_o reign_n the_o people_n use_v neither_o lock_n nor_o key_n his_o law_n be_v sufficien_fw-fr to_o secure_v they_o from_o thief_n and_o robber_n he_o build_v many_o church_n and_o make_v several_a wholesome_a law_n order_v that_o all_o offender_n instead_o of_o pay_v mulct_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v in_o build_v some_o tower_n or_o fort._n 117._o birgerus_n son_n to_o magnus_n in_o his_o time_n and_o by_o his_o mean_n carelia_n receive_v the_o gospel_n he_o manage_v affair_n imprudent_o and_o thereupon_o be_v depose_v and_o banish_v by_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o kingdom_n confer_v on_o 118._o magnus_fw-la ii_o surname_v smeek_a i._n e._n the_o flatter_a or_o cocker_v prince_n in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o rule_v peaceable_o and_o have_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n but_o fall_v into_o sottishness_n and_o follow_v strange_a woman_n he_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v in_o a_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n public_o arraign_v for_o his_o misdemeanour_n call_v for_o to_o answer_v for_o himself_o and_o not_o appear_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n by_o they_o depose_v ericus_n xii_o son_n to_o magnus_n sometime_o during_o his_o father_n reign_n manage_v all_o business_n of_o state_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v by_o some_o reckon_v among_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n though_o without_o good_a reason_n for_o he_o be_v only_o a_o assistant_n to_o the_o king_n in_o council_n not_o a_o partner_n in_o the_o government_n the_o four_o swedish_n epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o remarkable_a alteration_n of_o affair_n under_o 119._o albertus_n of_o mecklebourg_n elect_v by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n for_o some_o time_n he_o rule_v well_o but_o prefer_v germane_a to_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trust_n in_o his_o kingdom_n he_o thereupon_o lose_v the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o his_o crown_n to_o boot_v after_o he_o be_v depose_v he_o retire_v into_o a_o monastery_n the_o person_n who_o succeed_v be_v 120._o margarita_n queen_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n she_o vex_v her_o subject_n with_o intolerable_a tax_n admit_v dane_n englishman_n and_o italian_n into_o public_a office_n and_o be_v thereupon_o assault_v by_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v certain_o slay_v she_o have_v she_o not_o give_v they_o fair_a promise_n and_o propose_v to_o they_o one_o to_o succeed_v she_o viz._n 121._o ericus_n xiii_o her_o nephew_n son_n to_o wartislavus_n duke_n of_o pomeren_n he_o be_v king_n of_o denmark_n norway_n and_o sweden_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o marry_v philippe_n daughter_n to_o henry_n iv_o then_o king_n of_o england_n for_o some_o time_n he_o reign_v happy_o but_o break_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o not_o observe_v his_o coronation-oath_n he_o fall_v into_o great_a trouble_n and_o at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v three_o crown_n for_o five_o and_o forty_o year_n be_v dethrone_v by_o his_o subject_n this_o king_n after_o he_o be_v depose_v be_v say_v to_o have_v turn_v pirate_n and_o very_o much_o infest_a the_o british_a coast_n his_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n be_v give_v to_o 122._o christophorus_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n this_o king_n revise_v and_o correct_v the_o municipal_a law_n of_o sweden_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v promulgate_v from_o he_o call_v christopher_n law_n he_o die_v sudden_o at_o helsinburg_n as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o consult_v with_o his_o noble_n at_o jenecopia_n after_o this_o king_n death_n there_o be_v a_o interregnum_fw-la for_o some_o small_a time_n during_o which_o all_o public_a business_n be_v manage_v by_o one_o benedictus_n bielke_n and_o nicolaus_n banner_n two_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n christophorus_n the_o five_o epocha_n be_v reckon_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v when_o the_o government_n be_v undertake_v by_o 123._o carolus_n viii_o canuti_n marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o ancient_a gothish_a king_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o throne_n he_o pretend_a title_n to_o gotlandia_n which_o the_o dane_n then_o possess_v and_o thereupon_o make_v war_n with_o christianus_n i_o king_n of_o denmark_n but_o with_o small_a success_n he_o lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n heavy_a and_o grievous_a tax_n and_o attempt_v to_o take_v away_o church_n land_n and_o pious_a donation_n lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o be_v by_o they_o expel_v or_o rather_o by_o the_o danish_a force_n drive_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n his_o friend_n who_o he_o in_o his_o banishment_n trust_v himself_o with_o be_v casimirus_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o entertain_v he_o noble_o for_o seven_o year_n during_o which_o time_n sweden_n be_v govern_v by_o 124._o christiernus_fw-la i._n king_n of_o denmark_n call_v hither_o by_o the_o prevail_a faction_n but_o seize_v the_o public_a treasure_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o commit_v many_o cruelty_n he_o be_v short_o after_o depose_v from_o be_v king_n and_o 125._o carolus_n canuti_n recall_v from_o dantzick_n and_o restore_v to_o the_o throne_n but_o be_v trouble_v with_o civil_a commotion_n at_o home_n chief_o manage_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o vpsal_n and_o endanger_v by_o the_o danish_a force_n from_o abroad_o command_v by_o the_o depose_v king_n christiernus_fw-la i._n he_o voluntary_o leave_v the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o appoint_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o nephew_n 126._o steno_n stir_v senior_n who_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o senate_n at_o stockholm_n rather_o as_o a_o protector_n than_o a_o absolute_a governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o manage_v all_o public_a affair_n very_o happy_o and_o with_o great_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o people_n for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1491_o at_o which_o time_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o act_v in_o several_a matter_n without_o their_o knowledge_n and_o advice_n for_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o riga_n against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n of_o which_o the_o russes_z taking_z advantage_n have_v make_v some_o inroad_n into_o livonia_n and_o finland_n and_o suchlike_a crime_n and_o thereupon_o by_o they_o turn_v out_o of_o all_o office_n the_o kingdom_n be_v confer_v on_o 127._o john_n ii_o son_n to_o christiern_n i._o king_n of_o denmark_n he_o take_v steno_n stir_v into_o favour_n and_o go_v as_o be_v then_o the_o custom_n to_o visit_v his_o dominion_n leave_v he_o viceroy_n at_o stockholm_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o
call_v nystort_v or_o st._n olaus_n fort_n build_v in_o the_o year_n 1475_o by_o one_o ericus_n axelson_n governor_n of_o aboa_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o carolus_n canuti_n viii_o 5._o tavastia_n a_o inland_n province_n tavastia_n tavastia_n have_v on_o the_o west_n north_n finland_n on_o the_o north_n cajania_n on_o the_o east_n savolaxia_fw-la and_o carelia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n nylandia_n and_o the_o principality_n of_o raseborg_n in_o it_o there_o be_v one_o fort_n call_v the_o fort_n of_o tavastia_n or_o tavasthus_fw-la build_v by_o berjerus_n jerl_n a._n d._n 1250_o to_o keep_v the_o tavastians_n in_o awe_n who_o he_o at_o that_o time_n have_v bring_v over_o to_o the_o swedish_n government_n and_o force_v to_o profess_v the_o christian_a religion_n here_o be_v one_o lake_n of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n name_v jende_v or_o pejende_v and_o towards_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o province_n several_a other_o call_v kautilambi_n i.e._n iron_n lake_n not_o so_o large_a as_o the_o former_a but_o no_o less_o remarkable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o iron_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n find_v in_o they_o and_o as_o be_v say_v daily_a hook_n out_o for_o their_o private_a use_n 6._o nylandia_n or_o neuland_n so_o call_v new-land_n nylandia_n nylandia_n because_o its_o ancient_a inhabitant_n the_o finni_n and_o carelii_n be_v drive_v out_o new_a colony_n be_v send_v out_o of_o helsingia_n and_o suecia_n to_o go_v people_n or_o rather_o defend_v this_o country_n here_o be_v two_o city_n borgo_n and_o hesingfors_n 7._o carelia_n carelia_n carelia_n lie_v upon_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o great_a peninsula_n scandia_n or_o scandinavia_n part_v from_o russia_n by_o the_o river_n pinsyoki_n which_o run_v towards_o the_o north_n sea_n and_o povevetz_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n onega_n by_o the_o near_o approach_v of_o these_o two_o river_n towards_o each_o other_o scandia_n be_v almost_o make_v as_o the_o ancient_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o perfect_a island_n the_o nick_n of_o land_n call_v maanselke_o not_o be_v above_o three_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n in_o that_o part_n where_o the_o river_n come_v near_a together_o this_o province_n ancient_o contain_v all_o that_o large_a tract_n of_o ground_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n kymi_n on_o the_o north_n the_o lake_n pejende_v on_o the_o west_n and_o onega_n on_o the_o east_n and_o the_o river_n sueci_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o nieva_n which_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o south_n and_o southeast_n but_o at_o present_a its_o bound_n be_v much_o narrow_a take_v in_o only_a the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o that_o large_a country_n which_o former_o it_o do_v whole_o contain_v it_o afford_v good_a store_n of_o pasturage_n and_o breed_v cattle_n as_o ox_n horse_n etc._n etc._n in_o great_a abundance_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n carelia_n caria_n in_o the_o finlandish_a tongue_n signify_v herd_n or_o drove_n of_o cattle_n magnatus_n ducatus_fw-la finlandiae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la delineatio_fw-la caiania_n finl_n metz._n finland_n …_o finl_n sept._n savolexia_n tavastia_n nylandia_n caretia_n literis_fw-la et_fw-la morum_fw-la elegantiâ_fw-la probatissime_fw-la juveni_fw-la magnorum_fw-la parentum_fw-la filio_fw-la d._n no_o jacobo_n schütz_n suece_n tunc_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la excolendae_fw-la gratiâ_fw-la per_fw-la varias_fw-la terras_fw-la peregrinanti_fw-la tabula_fw-la haec_fw-la geographica_n submiss_a offertur_fw-la the_o chief_a city_n in_o finlandish_a carelia_n city_n city_n be_v 1._o wiburg_n a_o note_a mart-town_n well_o fortify_v with_o trench_n fort_n and_o a_o strong_a castle_n against_o which_o the_o muscovite_n very_o often_o have_v make_v unsuccessful_a attempt_n with_o no_o less_o than_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n 2._o kexholm_n or_o as_o the_o swede_n call_v it_o kekisalmi_n i.e._n the_o frith_n of_o gurnardi_n from_o keki_n signify_v a_o kind_n of_o fish_n call_v a_o car_n or_o gurnardi_n which_o abound_v in_o the_o river_n wax_v upon_o which_o this_o city_n stand_v and_o salmi_n a_o frith_n or_o bay_n the_o russes_z call_v it_o carelogorod_n i._n e._n the_o fort_n of_o carelia_n gorod_v in_o their_o language_n denote_v a_o fort._n in_o this_o province_n the_o soil_n be_v exceed_o rich_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o those_o place_n especial_o which_o lie_n near_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n for_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o mile_n northward_o from_o it_o the_o ground_n be_v so_o overflow_v with_o lake_n and_o river_n that_o it_o bear_v corn_n only_o on_o the_o high_a and_o more_o mountainous_a part_n whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n live_v most_o upon_o hunt_v and_o fish_v take_v more_o pain_n for_o their_o subsistence_n where_o the_o earth_n be_v less_o bountiful_a the_o large_a and_o most_o remarkable_a among_o the_o lake_n of_o this_o country_n and_o as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n of_o all_o europe_n be_v the_o lake_n ladoga_n of_o which_o four_o part_n in_o five_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o a_o kind_n of_o fish_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o herring_n call_v in_o the_o russian_a tongue_n lagdog_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o lake_n and_o with_o which_o it_o very_o much_o abound_v the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v oval_a about_o a_o hundred_o league_n in_o length_n and_o sixty_o in_o breadth_n in_o it_o be_v many_o small_a island_n and_o upon_o its_o bank_n several_a town_n of_o very_a good_a note_n near_o a_o place_n call_v kidila_n in_o this_o province_n be_v dug_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n a_o sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n which_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o kexholmian_a ruby_n the_o russes_z call_v they_o kidelsco_n camen_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o finland_n be_v say_v jornandes_n the_o most_o hospitable_a and_o least_o barbarous_a of_o any_o of_o the_o scandian_o finland_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o finland_n but_o at_o present_a they_o be_v of_o all_o the_o lap_n only_o except_v the_o most_o fierce_a and_o uncivilise_v their_o language_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o language_n their_o language_n and_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o themselves_o be_v of_o a_o harsh_a and_o uneven_a dialect_n difficult_o attainable_a by_o any_o stranger_n as_o have_v in_o it_o some_o propriety_n not_o common_a to_o any_o european_a tongue_n as_o in_o the_o whole_a language_n they_o have_v no_o f_o nor_o any_o word_n that_o begin_v with_o b_o d_o or_o g_z or_o two_o consonant_n so_o that_o they_o pronounce_v v._o g._n for_o the_o he_o for_o grant_v rant_v for_o both_o poth_o for_o good_a can_v etc._n etc._n thro'_o the_o whole_a tongue_n they_o observe_v no_o gender_n and_o have_v but_o one_o article_n se_fw-la to_o denote_v both_o sex_n their_o preposition_n they_o place_n after_o the_o word_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v their_o rythm_n in_o verse_n they_o count_v not_o from_o the_o like_o end_v but_o the_o like_a beginning_n of_o the_o last_o word_n and_o many_o suchlike_a difference_n the_o government_n of_o finland_n government_n their_o government_n be_v ancient_o administer_v by_o king_n of_o its_o own_o who_o exercise_v their_o power_n without_o control_n and_o be_v no_o way_n tributary_n to_o or_o dependent_a on_o a_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n till_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1150_o ericus_n ix_o surname_v the_o saint_n king_n of_o sweden_n bring_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o subjection_n to_o his_o law_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n compel_v they_o to_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n after_o his_o day_n tavastia_n be_v conquer_v by_o berjerus_n jerl_n and_o carelia_n by_o turgillus_n kuntesonius_n who_o build_v viburg_n to_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o russes_z a._n d._n 1193._o at_o present_a the_o whole_a principality_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o be_v reckon_v as_o a_o very_a considerable_a part_n of_o his_o dominion_n of_o ingria_n or_o ingermanland_n ingria_n ingermanland_n ingria_n of_o ingria_n or_o as_o the_o muscovite_n call_v it_o isera_n be_v a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a province_n have_v on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n part_n of_o muscovy_n on_o the_o west_n esthonia_n and_o part_n of_o the_o finnic_a bay_n on_o the_o north_n the_o lake_n ladoga_n and_o the_o river_n which_o join_v it_o with_o the_o finnic_a bay_n it_o afford_v beast_n both_o wild_a and_o tame_a of_o several_a species_n in_o great_a plenty_n that_o which_o abound_v most_o be_v the_o aelg_n elk_n or_o as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o ellent_a which_o as_o we_o mention_v in_o lapland_n in_o the_o spring-time_n swim_v over_o the_o river_n nieva_n in_o numerous_a herd_n into_o carelia_n and_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n return_v by_o the_o same_o way_n into_o russia_n and_o the_o more_o southern_a part_n of_o this_o province_n and_o also_o into_o esthonia_n livonia_n etc._n etc._n here_o be_v several_a city_n of_o great_a importance_n and_o strength_n which_o be_v former_o the_o
come_n of_o the_o asian_o into_o these_o part_n say_v odin_n or_o woden_n the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o asae_n spread_v his_o language_n over_o saxony_n as_o well_o as_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n add_v further_o that_o within_o awhile_o the_o asian_a tongue_n be_v general_o speak_v in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n the_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v a_o difference_n between_o this_o tongue_n and_o the_o old_a teutonic_n may_v be_v have_v from_o a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o various_a phrase_n and_o propriety_n of_o speech_n use_v in_o both_o of_o they_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o idiom_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a dutch_a differ_v and_o how_o vast_o the_o syntax_n of_o our_o english_a language_n be_v alter_v from_o the_o danish_a and_o german_a we_o shall_v have_v reason_n to_o confess_v before_o we_o pronounce_v these_o last_o two_o distinct_a primitive_a language_n that_o time_n be_v able_a strange_o to_o alter_v the_o physiognomy_n of_o tongue_n as_o well_o as_o man_n however_o the_o dispute_n be_v like_o short_o to_o have_v a_o end_n and_o the_o dane_n will_v in_o a_o little_a while_n if_o they_o do_v not_o already_o speak_v good_a dutch._n for_o the_o german_a tongue_n be_v now_o ordinary_o speak_v in_o copenhagen_n and_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a trade_n city_n in_o denmark_n to_o let_v pass_v the_o story_n of_o king_n dan_n government_n government_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v to_o reign_v in_o this_o kingdom_n three_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o unquestionable_a testimony_n of_o the_o best_a roman_a writer_n that_o denmark_n be_v a_o monarchy_n in_o the_o consulship_n of_o catulus_n and_o marius_n near_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n afterward_o we_o have_v a_o certain_a account_n of_o gothric_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a from_o who_o the_o present_a king_n of_o denmark_n be_v descend_v in_o a_o lineal_a succession_n except_o what_o pontanus_n seem_v not_o to_o allow_v of_o the_o line_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n fail_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n iii_o a._n d._n 1448_o the_o power_n of_o the_o danish_a nobility_n in_o council_n be_v exceed_o great_a but_o not_o so_o large_a as_o to_o make_v the_o supreme_a government_n aristocratical_a some_o will_v argue_v that_o the_o noble_n be_v above_o the_o king_n since_o it_o be_v well_o know_v they_o deny_v to_o crown_n frederic_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1559_o till_o he_o have_v swear_v never_o to_o pretend_v to_o be_v able_a by_o his_o own_o authority_n to_o put_v any_o nobleman_n to_o death_n from_o this_o and_o some_o other_o like_o instance_n bodinus_fw-la endeavour_n to_o prove_v the_o king_n of_o denmark_n petty_a prince_n rather_o than_o absolute_a monarch_n not_o remember_v that_o even_o in_o france_n itself_o as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n it_o have_v always_o be_v think_v requisite_a for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o people_n that_o every_o king_n at_o his_o coronation_n shall_v make_v some_o solemn_a vow_n to_o maintain_v the_o ancient_a law_n and_o privilege_n of_o his_o country_n and_o subject_n and_o if_o in_o the_o case_n mention_v the_o nobility_n of_o denmark_n require_v their_o king_n to_o lay_v a_o strict_a obligation_n on_o himself_o than_o be_v usual_a the_o performance_n be_v arbitrary_a and_o not_o constrain_v the_o subject_n may_v possible_o upon_o the_o king_n refusal_n to_o gratify_v they_o have_v rebel_v against_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n but_o can_v not_o just_o have_v compel_v he_o to_o a_o compliance_n before_o the_o year_n 1660_o king_n king_n the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n be_v not_o as_o norway_n hereditary_a but_o elective_a yet_o so_o that_o the_o senator_n usual_o choose_v the_o elder_a son_n of_o their_o king_n who_o thenceforward_o be_v style_v the_o prince_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o king_n son_n have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n and_o heir_n of_o norway_n the_o election_n in_o ancient_a time_n be_v common_o have_v in_o this_o solemn_a manner_n as_o many_o of_o the_o noble_n as_o be_v senator_n and_o have_v power_n to_o give_v their_o voice_n agree_v upon_o some_o convenient_a place_n in_o the_o field_n where_o seat_v themselves_o in_o a_o circle_n upon_o so_o many_o great_a stone_n they_o give_v their_o vote_n this_o do_v they_o place_v their_o new_a elect_a monarch_n in_o the_o middle_n upon_o a_o stone_n high_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o salute_v he_o king_n in_o seland_n to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v such_o a_o company_n of_o stone_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o kongstolen_a or_o the_o king_n seat_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o the_o same_o story_n of_o a_o great_a stone_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n morastaen_n near_o vpsal_n in_o sweden_n near_a st._n buriens_fw-la in_o cornwall_n in_o a_o place_n which_o the_o cornish-man_n call_v biscow-woune_a be_v to_o be_v see_v nineteen_o stone_n set_v in_o a_o round_a circle_n distant_a every_o one_o about_o twelve_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o and_o in_o the_o very_a centre_n one_o pitch_v far_o high_a and_o great_a than_o the_o rest_n this_o cambden_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v some_o trophy_n erect_v by_o the_o roman_n under_o the_o late_a emperor_n or_o else_o by_o athelstane_n the_o saxon_a when_o he_o have_v subdue_v cornwall_n and_o bring_v it_o under_o his_o dominion_n but_o wormius_n more_o probable_o guess_n that_o in_o this_o place_n some_o danish_a or_o saxon_a king_n be_v elect_v by_o his_o follower_n and_o i_o conceive_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o long_n meg_n and_o her_o daughter_n near_o little_a salkeld_n in_o cumberland_n but_o to_o return_v to_o denmark_n of_o late_a year_n the_o dane_n in_o their_o election_n have_v follow_v the_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n till_o frederic_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1660_o who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o venture_v to_o exercise_v the_o authority_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n and_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o dependence_n his_o ancestor_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o their_o subject_n procure_v with_o fair_a word_n and_o threat_n a_o law_n to_o be_v establish_v that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n shall_v immediate_o upon_o the_o king_n death_n descend_v upon_o his_o lawful_a heir_n whereupon_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n v._o be_v the_o same_o night_n his_o father_n die_v without_o any_o previous_a election_n or_o consent_v ask_v of_o the_o nobility_n proclaim_v king_n the_o rite_n of_o coronation_n be_v usual_o perform_v at_o copenhagen_n where_o the_o king_n be_v anoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o roschild_n the_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o have_v hitherto_o be_v publish_v king_n catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n be_v so_o imperfect_a and_o contradictory_n one_o to_o another_o that_o it_o be_v utter_o impossible_a to_o give_v a_o exact_a catalogue_n of_o their_o king_n saxon_a grammaticus_n who_o live_v say_v stephanus_n in_o the_o twelve_o century_n have_v make_v a_o shift_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a many_o story_n out_o of_o the_o scatter_a fragment_n of_o old_a runic_a inscription_n and_o ancient_a ballad_n and_o to_o relate_v they_o in_o a_o better_a method_n and_o stile_n than_o can_v be_v well_o expect_v from_o the_o age_n he_o live_v in_o but_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o the_o best_a he_o meet_v with_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v of_o more_o authority_n than_o such_o venerable_a scrap_n of_o chronicle_n as_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o monumenta_fw-la danica_n and_o see_v how_o these_o two_o run_v counter_a it_o be_v hard_o to_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o the_o relation_n he_o give_v we_o and_o yet_o as_o difficult_a to_o provide_v ourselves_o of_o a_o better_a the_o first_o rational_a account_n give_v we_o of_o any_o of_o the_o danish_a king_n which_o we_o may_v safe_o rely_v upon_o for_o truth_n be_v in_o our_o english_a chronicle_n which_o as_o the_o learned_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o a_o epistle_n to_o ol._n rosecrantz_n former_o danish_a ambassador_n in_o england_n treat_v more_o full_o and_o clear_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o denmark_n than_o any_o of_o the_o danish_a historian_n wherefore_o omit_v the_o relation_n give_v of_o dan_fw-mi humblus_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o heathen_a king_n as_o either_o false_a or_o frivolous_a we_o shall_v content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a register_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n since_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o 1._o harald_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o his_o brother_n reinferd_n accomplice_n flee_v to_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n for_o help_v who_o assist_v he_o in_o regain_n of_o his_o crown_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v forsake_v his_o idolatry_n and_o turn_v
34._o christian_n i_o son_n of_o theodoric_n count_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v elect_v king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o king_n christopher_n he_o be_v a_o generous_a pious_a and_o valiant_a prince_n but_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o learning_n he_o reduce_v the_o swede_n to_o their_o allegiance_n who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v revolt_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n annex_v holstein_n to_o his_o dominion_n make_v himself_o duke_n of_o dithmar_n and_o stormar_n and_o have_v rule_v three_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1481_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o he_o himself_o have_v build_v at_o roschild_n leave_v his_o crown_n to_o his_o son_n 35._o john_n who_o be_v a_o prince_n endue_v with_o all_o the_o royal_a quality_n of_o his_o father_n he_o be_v devout_a in_o exercise_n of_o religion_n temperate_a in_o diet_n grave_n in_o apparel_n and_o valiant_a in_o exploit_n of_o war_n which_o except_v only_o the_o overthrow_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o dithmarsians_n in_o the_o year_n 1500_o prove_v exceed_o successful_a he_o die_v of_o the_o plague_n at_o olburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 1513._o 35._o christian_n ii_o king_n john_n son_n who_o be_v the_o bloody_a cruel_a and_o most_o dissolute_a prince_n that_o denmark_n or_o perhaps_o any_o other_o kingdom_n ever_o see_v lindenbruch_n give_v this_o character_n of_o he_o that_o nero_n phalaris_n and_o sylla_n put_v in_o the_o scale_n against_o he_o will_v signify_v no_o more_o then_o half_a a_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n weight_n meursius_n report_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v with_o one_o hand_n grasp_v which_o when_o the_o midwife_n open_v she_o find_v full_a of_o blood_n this_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o his_o father_n as_o a_o certain_a prognostic_n of_o a_o bloody_a mind_n of_o which_o his_o subject_n have_v afterward_o a_o lamentable_a experience_n the_o only_a good_a he_o ever_o do_v his_o country_n be_v the_o sound_n a_o fair_a and_o establish_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a trade_n at_o copenhagen_n at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v by_o his_o wickedness_n throw_v himself_o out_o of_o three_o kingdom_n and_o for_o six_o and_o thirty_o year_n undergo_v the_o misery_n of_o banishment_n or_o imprisonment_n he_o die_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o kallenborg_n in_o zeeland_n in_o the_o year_n 1559._o 36._o frideric_n i._o king_n john_n brother_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n christian_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1524_o he_o begin_v to_o bring_v the_o augspur_n confession_n into_o all_o the_o church_n of_o denmark_n he_o rule_v almost_o ten_o year_n in_o quietness_n and_o die_v at_o sleswig_n in_o the_o year_n 1533._o 37._o christian_n iii_o frideric_n son_n he_o perfect_v the_o reformation_n which_o his_o father_n have_v begin_v in_o the_o church_n he_o live_v and_o dye_v in_o the_o year_n 1559_o a_o prince_n of_o singular_a piety_n wisdom_n temperance_n justice_n and_o all_o royal_a virtue_n and_o leave_v behind_o a_o fair_a pattern_n of_o a_o happy_a king_n and_o good_a christian_n to_o his_o son_n 37._o frederic_n ii_o who_o have_v exact_o imitate_v his_o father_n example_n after_o a_o happy_a reign_n of_o twenty-nine_o year_n dye_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o anderscow_n in_o the_o year_n 1587._o immediate_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o dithmar_n who_o he_o quell_v with_o small_a trouble_n afterward_o he_o wage_v war_n with_o eric_n fourteen_o king_n of_o sweden_n which_o last_v seven_o year_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n be_v spend_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n 39_o christian_n iu_o before_o his_o father_n burial_n be_v elect_v and_o soon_o after_o crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n in_o his_o reign_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n ferdinand_n ii_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n and_o have_v once_o well_o nigh_o bring_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o king_n christian_n contract_v as_o it_o be_v all_o the_o exspire_a spirit_n of_o his_o realm_n make_v the_o imperialist_n at_o last_o give_v ground_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o a_o treaty_n upon_o honourable_a term_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 40._o frederic_n iii_o who_o receive_v as_o great_a a_o blow_n from_o the_o swede_n as_o his_o father_n have_v do_v from_o the_o german_n charles_n gustave_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n have_v bring_v he_o to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o copenhagen_n which_o city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o denmark_n will_v doubtless_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o most_o of_o the_o northern_a prince_n jealous_a of_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n concern_v themselves_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o it_o he_o that_o desire_v a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o beginning_n continuance_n and_o end_n of_o these_o northern_a war_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o accurate_a history_n of_o they_o write_v by_o r._n manley_n and_o print_v in_o the_o year_n 1670._o king_n frideric_n get_v his_o noble_n persuade_v to_o consent_n that_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o norway_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a and_o be_v himself_o proclaim_v hereditary_a king_n the_o twenty-third_a day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n the_o twenty-fifth_a day_n of_o february_n 16_o 69_o 70._o and_o that_o night_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o nobility_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o the_o new_a king_n 41._o christian_n v._o now_o reign_v a_o valiant_a and_o active_a prince_n the_o royal_a family_n of_o denmark_n consist_v of_o the_o child_n of_o the_o king_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o and_o his_o near_a relation_n together_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n or_o oytin_n who_o be_v all_o descend_v from_o king_n christian_n the_o three_o except_v the_o house_n of_o oytin_n and_o gottorp_n who_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o his_o brother_n adolph_n duke_n of_o sleswic_n the_o noble_n who_o never_o pretend_v to_o nor_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o dukes_z earls_z or_o baron_n be_v such_o as_o have_v for_o many_o age_n have_v a_o single_a coat_n of_o arm_n belong_v to_o their_o family_n which_o they_o never_o alter_v nor_o quarter_n with_o any_o other_o there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n some_o family_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o denmark_n as_o wren_n and_o other_o who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v at_o the_o sign_v of_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o king_n hemming_n on_o the_o eidor_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o any_o nobleman_n all_o his_o good_n movable_a and_o immovable_a be_v divide_v among_o his_o child_n so_o as_o a_o son_n have_v two_o moiety_n and_o a_o daughter_n only_o one_o by_o the_o law_n of_o denmark_n the_o king_n be_v prohibit_v to_o purchase_v any_o part_n of_o a_o nobleman_n estate_n nor_o can_v any_o of_o the_o nobility_n buy_v any_o of_o the_o crown_n land_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a nobleman_n at_o this_o day_n in_o denmark_n be_v give_v we_o by_o the_o author_n of_o l'estat_fw-la des_fw-fr royaume_n de_fw-fr l'europe_n in_o the_o follow_a alphabetical_a order_n achsel_n appelgard_n alefeld_n andersem_n bielke_n banner_n brach_n bilig_n below_o bild_n brokenhusem_n biorn_n beck_n blick_n bassi_n bax_n baselich_n bockowlt_n bud_n baggen_n bammelberg_n brune_n blom_n blocktorp_n breiden_n daac_n dresselberch_n dune_n duram_fw-la dam_n freze_n fassi_fw-la falster_n falcke_n guldenstern_n grub_n goce_fw-mi green_n gelschut_v gall_n gram_n grissel_n goss_n gadendorp_n grabow_n hardenberg_n holke_n hoken_n hiderstorper_n hube_n hesten_n hager_n holer_n hoeken_fw-mi hoier_n hacken_n harberger_n jul_n juensen_n juenan_n jensen_n johensen_n korwitz_n krabbe_n kaas_z krusen_n kragge_n krumpen_a krumdick_n kercberg_n karssenbrock_n koelet_n knutzen_n lange_n lindeman_n lung_n lutkem_n laxman_n lancken_n leven_n lindow_n monk_n matiessen_n marizer_n must_v matre_fw-la meinstorf_n moeten_n magnussen_n negel_n narbu_n norman_n ofren_n otten_n pasberg_n podessen_n podebussen_n papenheimb_n podwisch_n plessen_n pensen_n paisen_n petersen_n qualem_fw-la quittow_n ranzaw_v rosenkrantz_n rastorp_n ruthede_v reuter_n ruten_n rosenspart_n rosengard_n ronnow_n reventlow_n ratlow_n ritzerow_n schram_n schefeldt_n schelen_n seestedt_n stuege_n swron_n stantbeke_fw-mi split_v solle_n swaben_n santbarch_n spar_n spegel_n sturen_n suinem_fw-la staken_v stove_n siversen_n trolle_v totten_n vhrup_n vonsflet_n vantinnen_n vken_n voien_fw-fr vlstandt_n vren_n wlefeld_n walkendorp_n wipfert_n witfelt_n wogersen_n wenfsterman_n will_v worm_n walstorp_n wenfin_fw-fr wittorp_n though_o none_o of_o these_o be_v ever_o make_v duke_n knight_n knight_n marquis_n earl_n or_o baron_n yet_o it_o be_v usual_a
top_n of_o a_o hill_n command_v the_o town_n and_o haven_n be_v first_o build_v by_o adolph_n of_o schaumburg_n the_o first_o earl_n of_o holstein_n earl_n adolph_n iv_o found_v a_o monastery_n of_o franciscan_a minorite_n in_o this_o city_n which_o upon_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n into_o this_o country_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a territory_n be_v change_v into_o a_o hospital_n 2._o rensborg_n or_o reinholsburg_n found_v by_o one_o reinold_n of_o who_o we_o have_v no_o further_o account_v then_o that_o he_o be_v either_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o some_o great_a nobleman_n this_o be_v the_o best_a fortify_v town_n in_o the_o dukedom_n environ_v with_o the_o byder_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n build_v by_o earl_n gerhard_n the_o great_a 3._o wilster_n a_o neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n seat_v on_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o soon_o after_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o stor_n 4._o nieumunster_n seat_v on_o the_o north-west_n of_o the_o stor_n not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o it_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n be_v only_o a_o province_n of_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o saxony_n until_o lotharius_n great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o emperor_n of_o germany_n bestow_v it_o upon_o adolph_n earl_n of_o schaumburg_n or_o schouwanburg_n about_o the_o year_n 1114._o since_o which_o time_n we_o have_v the_o follow_a account_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n 1._o adolph_n of_o schouwenburg_n the_o first_o absolute_a prince_n of_o holstein_n on_o who_o the_o earldom_n be_v bestow_v as_o a_o recompense_n for_o the_o service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n in_o his_o german_a and_o danish_a war_n 2._o adolph_n ii_o son_n to_o adolph_n the_o i._o have_v obtain_v his_o father_n earldom_n cast_v out_o the_o slavonian_n who_o a_o little_a before_o his_o time_n have_v overrun_v all_o this_o part_n of_o saxony_n and_o plant_v in_o their_o room_n colony_n of_o german_n frisian_n and_o nether_a saxon_n in_o the_o quarrel_n among_o the_o three_o pretender_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n sueno_n canutus_n and_o waldemar_n he_o side_v with_o canutus_n and_o have_v settle_v he_o in_o the_o throne_n have_v not_o king_n sueno_n by_o fair_a mean_n and_o promise_v prevail_v with_o he_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o arms._n he_o leave_v the_o earldom_n to_o his_o son_n 3_o adolph_n iii_o who_o after_o many_o skirmish_n and_o battle_n with_o waldemar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v at_o last_o vanquish_v and_o keep_v close_a prisoner_n by_o that_o king_n who_o by_o the_o intercession_n of_o andrew_n bishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o some_o other_o grant_v he_o his_o liberty_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v disclaim_v all_o right_a and_o title_n which_o he_o and_o his_o predecessor_n have_v hitherto_o pretend_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n or_o any_o other_o place_n former_o subject_a to_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o quiet_o retire_v to_o the_o inheritance_n of_o his_o ancestor_n at_o schouwenburg_n but_o these_o article_n though_o at_o the_o first_o secure_v by_o hostage_n be_v not_o long_o observe_v by_o his_o son_n 4._o adolph_n iu._n who_o associate_a to_o himself_o henry_n earl_n of_o zurin_n gerhard_n bishop_n of_o bremen_n and_o some_o other_o petit_fw-fr prince_n begin_v a_o rebellion_n against_o king_n waldemar_n and_o succeed_v so_o well_o in_o the_o undertake_n that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o the_o territory_n his_o father_n have_v be_v beat_v out_o of_o and_o renounce_v his_o son_n 5._o gerhard_n enjoy_v peaceable_o the_o dominion_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o father_n he_o be_v for_o some_o time_n keep_v prisoner_n at_o imsburg_n by_o the_o folchung_n a_o noble_a family_n in_o sweden_n for_o be_v in_o company_n with_o one_o ingemar_n a_o upstart_n gentleman_n but_o great_a favourite_n of_o their_o king_n magnus_n who_o they_o slay_v in_o a_o rage_n and_o cast_v his_o companion_n into_o prison_n 6._o henry_n gerhards_n son_n be_v the_o first_o that_o set_v up_o a_o custom-house_n in_o hamburg_n which_o bring_v in_o no_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o successor_n 7._o gerhard_n the_o second_o son_n of_o henry_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o christopher_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v make_v protector_n of_o the_o danish_a kingdom_n and_o tutor_n to_o the_o young_a king_n waldemar_n the_o three_o by_o these_o advantage_n his_o power_n grow_v so_o great_a that_o he_o venture_v to_o style_v himself_o duke_n of_o jutland_n and_o by_o degree_n will_v in_o all_o probability_n have_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n if_o not_o timely_o take_v off_o by_o one_o ebbo_n a_o danish_a nobleman_n who_o murder_v he_o in_o his_o bed_n at_o randerhusen_n 8._o henry_n the_o second_o son_n to_o gerhard_n ii_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n when_o it_o be_v offer_v he_o by_o ambassador_n send_v from_o that_o court_n a._n d._n 1363._o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o prince_n of_o great_a courage_n and_o candour_n courteous_a in_o his_o behaviour_n and_o exceed_o chaste_a and_o temperate_a in_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o his_o life_n in_o short_a a_o man_n that_o have_v in_o he_o all_o the_o royal_a virtue_n that_o may_v deserve_v a_o kingdom_n and_o the_o modesty_n to_o refuse_v one_o when_o offer_v 9_o gerhard_n the_o three_o henry_n the_o second_o be_v son_fw-it after_o he_o have_v get_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n annex_v to_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n by_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o dithmarss_n who_o he_o have_v require_v to_o do_v he_o homage_n his_o son_n 10._o henry_n the_o three_o be_v deny_v that_o right_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n which_o his_o father_n have_v enjoy_v make_v war_n against_o eric_n the_o eight_o king_n of_o denmark_n in_o which_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o flensburg_n he_o be_v slay_v 11._o adolph_n v._o common_o call_v the_o twelve_o by_o those_o that_o reckon_v all_o the_o earl_n of_o young_a house_n succeed_v his_o brother_n henry_n and_o be_v the_o last_o earl_n of_o this_o house_n in_o the_o year_n 1440_o he_o receive_v the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o christopher_n the_o three_o king_n of_o denmark_n swear_v fealty_n to_o that_o crown_n christian_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n son_n of_o hedvigis_fw-la sister_n to_o henry_n and_o adolph_n the_o two_o last_o earl_n of_o holstein_n succeed_v his_o uncle_n adolph_n in_o the_o earldom_n of_o holstein_n which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o dithmarss_n and_o change_v into_o a_o dukedom_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o a._n d._n 1474._o when_o this_o christian_a be_v advance_v to_o the_o throne_n of_o denmark_n the_o dukedom_n of_o holstein_n become_v a_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o the_o late_a accession_n in_o germany_n to_o their_o crown_n be_v reckon_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o duke_n of_o holstein_n though_o not_o oblige_v to_o repair_v to_o any_o diet._n afterward_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o holstein_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v give_v to_o adolph_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n by_o our_o queen_n elizabeth_n a._n d._n 1562_o who_o govern_v it_o interchangeable_o with_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n by_o turn_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o this_o duke_n and_o his_o issue_n male_a the_o title_n be_v confer_v on_o vlric_n king_n christian_n the_o four_o brother_n since_o his_o day_n there_o have_v be_v several_a house_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n as_o sunderburg_n norburg_n gluckburg_n arnsbeck_n gottorp_n and_o ottingen_n among_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n gottorp_n be_v chief_a and_o challenge_v the_o same_o power_n in_o govern_v and_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v at_o first_o confer_v upon_o duke_n adolph_n king_n christian_n the_o three_o brother_n in_o the_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n jealous_a of_o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o gottorp_n force_v this_o prince_n to_o quit_v his_o dukedom_n and_o leave_v his_o majesty_n in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o holstein_n but_o at_o the_o sign_v of_o the_o treaty_n between_o the_o king_n of_o france_n sweden_n and_o denmark_n at_o fountenblaeu_o on_o the_o second_o of_o september_n 1679_o the_o danish_a minister_n promise_v their_o master_n shall_v at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o most_o christian_n majesty_n restore_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n all_o his_o country_n town_n and_o place_n in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v and_o the_o sovereignty_n thereof_o all_o which_o he_o
for_o promotion_n which_o say_v wimpheling_n be_v a_o say_n that_o become_v so_o great_a a_o emperor_n he_o reign_v nineteen_o year_n and_o ten_o month_n 875._o charles_n the_o bald_a a_o base_a mean-spirited_n man_n ludowic_n the_o first_o be_v son_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n pope_n john_n ix_o persuade_v he_o with_o fair_a word_n and_o money_n to_o come_v to_o rome_n for_o his_o coronation_n and_o there_o to_o receive_v the_o imperial_a sceptre_n from_o his_o hand_n he_o reign_v only_o two_o year_n be_v poison_v as_o be_v suppose_v by_o one_o sedechias_n a_o jewish_a physician_n 878._o ludowic_n surname_v balbus_n succeed_v his_o father_n charles_n but_o never_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n if_o it_o be_v which_o many_o question_n ever_o set_v upon_o his_o head_n when_o he_o have_v linger_v out_o a_o year_n and_o a_o half_a he_o die_v leave_v his_o throne_n to_o 879._o charles_n iii_o surname_v the_o gross_a from_o his_o bulk_n and_o fatness_n he_o may_v have_v be_v style_v a_o second_o charles_n the_o great_a if_o he_o have_v be_v as_o successful_a in_o manage_v as_o obtain_v of_o kingdom_n for_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o two_o brother_n all_o germany_n france_n and_o italy_n come_v into_o his_o hand_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o add_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n to_o the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n in_o the_o date_v of_o any_o public_a proclamation_n grant_n etc._n etc._n at_o last_o when_o by_o several_a base_a action_n especial_o in_o conclude_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n betwixt_o himself_o and_o the_o norman_n in_o which_o he_o give_v they_o that_o part_n of_o france_n which_o be_v still_o call_v normandy_n he_o have_v contract_v the_o hatred_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o noble_n and_o die_v miserable_o in_o a_o poor_a beggarly_a village_n in_o schwaben_n 888._o arnolph_n natural_a son_n of_o caroloman_n duke_n of_o carinthia_n and_o king_n of_o bavaria_n be_v elect_v into_o the_o room_n of_o charles_n thus_o depose_v and_o rule_v the_o empire_n with_o a_o strong_a arm_n for_o twelve_o year_n he_o quell_v the_o rebel_n in_o moravia_n and_o normandy_n and_o defeat_v guido_n and_o berengarius_fw-la who_o have_v make_v head_n against_o he_o in_o italy_n he_o storm_v rome_n and_o take_v it_o but_o soon_o after_o be_v poison_v there_o by_o the_o procurement_n of_o guido_n wife_n and_o die_v in_o great_a misery_n be_v eat_v up_o of_o louse_n which_o the_o poison_n breed_v in_o his_o body_n 900._o ludowic_n iu._n arnolph_n son_n be_v elect_v by_o the_o noble_n into_o his_o father_n stead_n the_o hungarian_n be_v continual_o at_o war_n with_o this_o emperor_n who_o have_v seldom_o the_o good_a fortune_n to_o come_v off_o the_o field_n a_o conqueror_n in_o these_o skirmish_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o german_a nobility_n be_v cut_v off_o which_o shorten_v his_o life_n and_o bring_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n before_o he_o have_v get_v a_o son_n to_o inherit_v his_o throne_n he_o die_v a_o unfortunate_a prince_n and_o with_o he_o the_o family_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v whole_o extinct_a during_o his_o reign_n there_o be_v another_o ludowic_n set_v up_o for_o emperor_n by_o the_o pope_n in_o italy_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o have_v his_o eye_n put_v out_o by_o berengarius_fw-la king_n of_o lombardy_n 912._o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o prince_n of_o germany_n proffer_v the_o imperial_a crown_n to_o otto_n duke_n of_o saxony_n who_o have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n and_o best_a soldier_n of_o his_o time_n but_o old_a age_n have_v render_v he_o at_o least_o in_o his_o own_o conceit_n unfit_a for_o government_n whereupon_o he_o make_v over_o the_o proffer_a empire_n to_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n who_o upon_o otto_n recommendation_n be_v immediate_o declare_v emperor_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o step_v into_o the_o throne_n but_o his_o carriage_n disoblige_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n who_o 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future_a the_o power_n of_o choose_v pope_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o emperor_n alone_o the_o fashion_n of_o christen_n of_o bell_n be_v first_o bring_v up_o in_o his_o reign_n 973._o otho_fw-la ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n otho_n the_o great_a he_o find_v the_o empire_n in_o peace_n and_o except_v some_o small_a skirmish_n betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o cousin_n henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o some_o malcontent_a bishop_n have_v proclaim_v emperor_n never_o meet_v with_o any_o opposition_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n he_o overthrow_v the_o turk_n in_o apulia_n and_o be_v thence_o style_v pallida_fw-la saracenorum_n mors_fw-la he_o reign_v eleven_o year_n and_o at_o his_o death_n leave_v the_o empire_n as_o he_o find_v it_o in_o perfect_a peace_n 984._o otho_fw-la iii_o surname_v the_o child_n be_v advance_v to_o his_o father_n throne_n at_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n but_o quick_o grow_v up_o to_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o wonderful_a sagacity_n and_o prudence_n some_o say_v he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o institute_v the_o manner_n of_o elect_v a_o emperor_n by_o the_o majority_n of_o the_o voice_n of_o seven_o elector_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o he_o reign_v eighteen_o year_n and_o die_v in_o italy_n be_v poison_v with_o a_o pair_n of_o glove_n present_v to_o he_o by_o the_o wife_n of_o crescentius_n a_o rebel_n who_o he_o have_v cause_v to_o be_v hang_v the_o woman_n have_v be_v his_o concubine_n for_o some_o time_n after_o her_o husband_n death_n and_o be_v in_o hope_n of_o be_v marry_v to_o he_o and_o so_o make_v a_o empress_n but_o when_o she_o see_v he_o ready_a to_o leave_v italy_n without_o take_v notice_n of_o any_o former_a contract_n betwixt_o they_o and_o prepare_v for_o a_o return_n to_o germany_n she_o be_v resolve_v by_o this_o expedient_a to_o satisfy_v her_o revenge_n though_o she_o can_v not_o provide_v for_o her_o
his_o son_n charles_n succeed_v mathias_n in_o all_o his_o title_n and_o dominion_n the_o bohemian_o fear_v he_o may_v prove_v as_o severe_a a_o persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n in_o that_o kingdom_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v be_v refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v he_o their_o king_n but_o immediate_o upon_o his_o be_v proclaim_v emperor_n proffer_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n to_o frideric_n v._o count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n who_o accept_v their_o kindness_n which_o so_o high_o enrage_v the_o emperor_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n whole_o to_o ruin_n and_o overthrow_v the_o protestant_a party_n whereupon_o ensue_v that_o bloody_a german_a war_n of_o almost_o thirty_o year_n continuance_n which_o be_v at_o last_o happy_o conclude_v by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o after_o a_o troublesome_a reign_n of_o seventeen_o year_n spend_v in_o a_o continual_a civil_a war_n which_o have_v ruin_v and_o lay_v 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he_o mean_v no_o more_o by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d than_o the_o several_a province_n and_o territory_n of_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v then_o make_v themselves_o master_n so_o that_o though_o we_o shall_v grant_v which_o we_o shall_v find_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o do_v that_o the_o whole_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a caesar_n descend_v upon_o the_o german_a emperor_n it_o will_v not_o thence_o follow_v what_o some_o of_o the_o high_a dutch_a writer_n endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o that_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n to_o go_v no_o further_o aught_o to_o pay_v some_o homage_n or_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o we_o can_v indeed_o allow_v they_o so_o much_o as_o this_o that_o the_o german_a emperor_n have_v any_o right_a or_o title_n to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a empire_n the_o original_n of_o this_o conceit_n spring_v hence_o charles_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 800_o come_v to_o rome_n upon_o some_o religious_a account_n or_o other_o and_o not_o to_o lay_v claim_n to_o that_o city_n be_v unexpected_o salute_v by_o pope_n leo_n iii_o and_o the_o citizen_n by_o the_o title_n of_o romanorum_fw-la imperator_fw-la augustus_n but_o what_o a_o sorry_a kind_n of_o empire_n the_o roman_n can_v then_o pretend_v to_o be_v well_o know_v the_o western_a part_n of_o their_o ancient_a empire_n germany_n and_o france_n be_v already_o in_o charles_n possession_n and_o the_o sovereignty_n which_o that_o city_n once_o challenge_v in_o spain_n and_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n be_v quite_o lose_v nay_o in_o italy_n itself_o the_o pope_n and_o citizen_n of_o rome_n have_v nothing_o leave_v to_o dispose_v of_o except_o that_o city_n and_o some_o few_o small_a town_n which_o this_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o his_o father_n have_v take_v from_o the_o lombard_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n whence_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o charles_n 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marquess_n earl_n lord_n etc._n etc._n on_o who_o they_o please_v and_o to_o grant_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o what_o ordersoever_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o own_o kingdom_n to_o any_o who_o they_o fancy_n deserve_v their_o favour_n but_o in_o this_o the_o emperor_n surpass_v they_o all_o in_o that_o he_o challenge_v a_o power_n of_o create_v king_n which_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o authority_n never_o pretend_v to_o by_o any_o other_o potentate_n thus_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o make_v poland_n a_o kingdom_n in_o the_o year_n 1001_o which_o before_o that_o time_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o duke_n henry_n iv_o do_v the_o like_a for_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1086_o and_o charles_n the_o brave_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n desire_v the_o same_o kindness_n of_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iii_o but_o can_v not_o obtain_v it_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n lay_v claim_n to_o this_o prerogative_n as_o appear_v from_o their_o frequent_a excommunicate_v and_o depose_n of_o king_n in_o every_o country_n in_o christendom_n nay_o they_o go_v further_o and_o challenge_v a_o power_n of_o depose_v the_o emperor_n himself_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o create_v a_o new_a one_o in_o his_o place_n as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o show_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n but_o how_o empty_a and_o vain_a these_o pretension_n be_v may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o single_a example_n of_o pope_n pius_n v._n who_o endeavour_v to_o create_v cosmo_n di_fw-fr medici_n great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n for_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n ii_o oppose_a the_o design_n and_o first_o make_v cosmo_n receive_v the_o title_n from_o he_o and_o afterward_o force_v the_o pope_n to_o confess_v that_o he_o have_v exceed_v and_o transgress_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o power_n if_o any_o prince_n in_o germany_n chance_v to_o be_v a_o notorious_a delinquent_n and_o disturber_n of_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o emperor_n alone_o to_o divest_v such_o a_o offendor_n of_o his_o honour_n and_o dignity_n or_o to_o banish_v he_o the_o empire_n such_o punishment_n can_v be_v inflict_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o elector_n who_o be_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o misdemeanour_n and_o give_v in_o their_o opinion_n to_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n where_o the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n view_v the_o determination_n and_o take_v care_v the_o sentence_n be_v execute_v according_a to_o law_n the_o emperor_n at_o his_o coronation_n be_v swear_v not_o to_o infringe_v or_o violate_v the_o privilege_n and_o property_n of_o any_o free_a state_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o therefore_o can_v mitigate_v or_o augment_v any_o tax_n or_o subsidy_n which_o either_o a_o prince_n regent_n of_o the_o empire_n or_o a_o imperial_a city_n think_v fit_a to_o levy_v among_o their_o own_o subject_n beside_o he_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o punish_v a_o malefactor_n or_o raise_v money_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o these_o free_a state_n nor_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o advance_v a_o subject_a of_o any_o of_o these_o state_n to_o any_o honour_n but_o what_o shall_v be_v consistent_a with_o the_o allegiance_n he_o owe_v to_o that_o particular_a prince_n or_o city_n who_o more_o immediate_a subject_n he_o be_v in_o time_n of_o war_n he_o can_v command_v any_o free_a state_n or_o prince_n to_o assist_v he_o with_o man_n or_o money_n but_o must_v be_v force_v to_o undergo_v the_o whole_a burden_n thereof_o himself_o except_o it_o be_v the_o private_a interest_n of_o some_o peculiar_a prince_n to_o stand_v by_o he_o however_o though_o they_o be_v not_o very_o ready_a to_o take_v his_o part_n in_o every_o offensive_a quarrel_n he_o engage_v himself_o in_o yet_o must_v of_o they_o stick_v close_o to_o he_o when_o invade_v by_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o the_o empire_n lie_v at_o stake_n and_o indeed_o it_o near_o concern_v the_o free_a state_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o be_v cautious_a of_o assist_v and_o encourage_a the_o emperor_n engage_v himself_n in_o any_o other_o than_o a_o defensive_a war_n for_o if_o he_o shall_v by_o conquest_n enlarge_v his_o dominion_n they_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v curb_v and_o bring_v under_o but_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o victory_n shall_v go_v on_o the_o enemy_n side_n they_o will_v all_o certain_o suffer_v as_o his_o accomplice_n the_o overgrow_a authority_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n have_v among_o other_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o imperial_a prerogative_n robe_v the_o emperor_n of_o his_o ancient_a right_n of_o confer_v ecclesiastical_a benefice_n and_o bishopric_n on_o who_o he_o please_v it_o be_v well_o know_v in_o what_o subjection_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n live_v under_o the_o government_n of_o their_o ancient_a emperor_n however_o they_o have_v lord_v it_o for_o these_o late_a year_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n the_o great_a remove_v the_o empire_n from_o rome_n to_o constantinople_n the_o pope_n begin_v to_o have_v more_o elbow-room_n and_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o opportunity_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o their_o own_o greatness_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o decay_a power_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o italy_n another_o advantage_n they_o make_v of_o the_o blind_a zeal_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n who_o be_v exceed_v fervent_a in_o carry_v on_o the_o catholic_a cause_n till_o they_o have_v enable_v the_o pope_n to_o arrogate_v to_o themselves_o the_o title_n of_o universal_a bishop_n but_o still_o the_o lombard_n who_o have_v overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o italy_n keep_v these_o usurper_n under_o until_o pepin_n and_o his_o son_n charlemaigne_n undertake_v their_o protection_n and_o add_v to_o their_o riches_n the_o revenue_n of_o several_a town_n and_o province_n take_v from_o the_o lombard_n these_o good_a office_n oblige_v the_o roman_a bishop_n to_o a_o return_n of_o gratitude_n which_o they_o express_v by_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o say_a prince_n for_o the_o territory_n of_o ravenna_n and_o pentapolis_n or_o romagna_n which_o pepin_n have_v liberal_o bestow_v on_o they_o and_o make_v over_o to_o charles_n the_o great_a for_o ever_o the_o right_a and_o prerogative_n of_o choose_v pope_n after_o this_o emperor_n death_n some_o of_o the_o ambitious_a clergy_n who_o find_v they_o have_v not_o interest_n enough_o in_o the_o emperor_n court_n to_o compass_v their_o end_n go_v to_o rome_n where_o they_o get_v themselves_o choose_v pope_n and_o prevail_v with_o the_o easy_a emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o confirm_v the_o election_n from_o these_o beginning_n they_o arise_v by_o degree_n to_o that_o height_n as_o to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o power_n of_o elect_v and_o degrade_n of_o emperor_n at_o their_o pleasure_n nay_o of_o trample_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o emperor_n under_o their_o foot_n as_o pope_n alexander_n iii_o serve_v frideric_n barbarossa_n and_o we_o can_v imagine_v that_o they_o who_o have_v thus_o magnify_v themselves_o above_o all_o temporal_a monarch_n as_o they_o be_v please_v to_o distinguish_v shall_v stick_v to_o the_o old_a decree_n of_o accept_v the_o popedom_n at_o the_o emperor_n hand_n according_o leo_fw-la ix_o have_v receive_v the_o bishopric_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o henry_n iv_o repent_v of_o his_o so_o do_v and_o divest_v himself_o of_o his_o papal_a robe_n march_v to_o rome_n as_o a_o private_a person_n where_o he_o be_v elect_v anew_o by_o the_o clergy_n after_o which_o time_n the_o pope_n begin_v to_o invert_v charles_n the_o great_a be_v statute_n order_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v honour_v and_o obey_v as_o lawful_a emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o those_o who_o receive_v the_o imperial_a crown_n at_o their_o hand_n and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v so_o insolent_a as_o to_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v as_o much_o difference_n between_o pope_n and_o emperor_n as_o betwixt_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n intend_v from_o thence_o to_o infer_v that_o as_o the_o moon_n have_v no_o light_n but_o what_o she_o borrow_v from_o the_o sun_n so_o the_o emperor_n have_v no_o power_n or_o majesty_n but_o what_o the_o pope_n bestow_v on_o he_o but_o they_o do_v on_o it_o always_o meet_v with_o such_o tame_a emperor_n as_o will_v undergo_v their_o yoke_n and_o since_o charles_n the_o five_o time_n who_o take_v the_o pope_n of_o rome_n prisoner_n there_o have_v not_o be_v one_o emperor_n that_o have_v fetch_v his_o crown_n from_o rome_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n recover_v the_o ancient_a power_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n and_o probable_o the_o pope_n authority_n will_v have_v decay_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o in_o this_o time_n have_v not_o the_o jesuit_n who_o swarm_v in_o the_o court_n of_o vienna_n be_v diligent_a in_o work_v the_o mild_a temper_n of_o their_o
present_a religious_a emperor_n into_o a_o compliance_n with_o whatever_o they_o buzz_v into_o his_o ear_n how_o the_o emperor_n lose_v the_o power_n of_o investiture_n etc._n etc._n we_o shall_v show_v more_o at_o large_a when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o all_o proclamation_n patent_n decree_n etc._n etc._n the_o title_n of_o their_o present_a emperor_n run_v as_o follow_v leopold_n i._o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n emperor_n kayser_n of_o the_o roman_n always_o augustus_n mehrer_n des_fw-fr reichs_n etc._n etc._n king_n of_o germany_n hungary_n bohemia_n dalmatia_n croatia_n slavonia_n bulgaria_n bosnia_n servia_n and_o rescia_n archduke_n of_o austria_n duke_n of_o burgundy_n brabant_n styria_n carinthia_n carniola_n luxemburg_n wittenberg_n together_o with_o the_o high_a and_o low_a silesia_n marquis_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n burgaw_n moravia_n with_o the_o high_a and_o far_o lusace_n earl_n of_o habsburg_n tyrole_n ferrete_n kiburg_n goritia_n etc._n etc._n landtgrave_n of_o alsace_n lord_n of_o windischamrck_n portnaw_n and_o salin_n for_o what_o more_o peculiar_o relate_v to_o the_o emperor_n as_o archduke_n of_o austria_n we_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o description_n of_o that_o country_n where_o he_o may_v also_o expect_v a_o account_n of_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o emperor_n court_n retinue_n servant_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o election_n and_o coronation_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n the_o principal_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n next_o to_o the_o emperor_n himself_o be_v the_o eight_o elector_n viz._n the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n trier_n colen_n who_o be_v also_o arch-chancellor_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o first_o in_o germany_n the_o second_o in_o france_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n and_o the_o three_o in_o italy_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n cupbearer_n to_o the_o emperor_n the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n great_a steward_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n grand_a marshal_n or_o constable_n the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n great_a chamberlain_n and_o lasty_a the_o prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n chief_a treasurer_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o eight_o for_o so_o many_o they_o have_v be_v since_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n though_o heretofore_o only_o seven_o have_v right_o and_o authority_n to_o elect_a the_o emperor_n and_o also_o to_o depose_v he_o when_o by_o his_o enormous_a crime_n or_o unmanly_a idleness_n he_o neglect_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o public_a good_a and_o the_o duty_n of_o his_o place_n thus_o they_o serve_v wenceslaus_n though_o advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n at_o the_o request_n of_o his_o father_n charles_n the_o four_o who_o have_v deserve_v far_o better_a thing_n at_o their_o hand_n for_o compose_v the_o aurea_n bulla_n of_o which_o more_o hereaster_n the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n have_v several_a time_n take_v upon_o he_o to_o remind_v such_o emperor_n as_o have_v not_o suit_v with_o his_o humour_n of_o this_o grand_a power_n of_o the_o elector_n and_o to_o threaten_v they_o with_o the_o execution_n of_o it_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o alter_v their_o course_n at_o what_o time_n the_o power_n of_o choose_v the_o emperor_n be_v first_o commit_v to_o those_o prince_n who_o to_o this_o day_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o elector_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o charles_n the_o great_a transmit_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n to_o his_o posterity_n by_o way_n of_o succession_n and_o the_o same_o right_o continue_v for_o some_o age_n in_o his_o family_n until_o some_o of_o his_o successor_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o this_o incomparable_a emperor_n be_v think_v unfit_a to_o govern._n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v offer_v to_o otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o upon_o his_o refusal_n give_v to_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n after_o his_o death_n henry_n duke_n otho_n son_n be_v elect_v emperor_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v succeed_v afterward_o by_o his_o son_n otho_n i._n who_o obtain_v the_o crown_n by_o the_o same_o mean_n this_o way_n of_o succession_n from_o father_n to_o son_n be_v observe_v till_o henry_n iu._n who_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o he_o be_v a_o child_n and_o manage_v it_o very_o ill_a when_o he_o be_v of_o year_n to_o have_v govern_v better_a be_v contemn_v and_o slight_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o take_v this_o opportunity_n of_o magnify_v his_o own_o authority_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n excommunicate_v he_o and_o declare_v he_o unfit_a to_o sway_v the_o imperial_a sceptre_n order_v he_o to_o be_v depose_v which_o be_v a_o thing_n before_o that_o time_n never_o hear_v of_o in_o the_o empire_n whereupon_o the_o rebel_n prince_n think_v themselves_o absolve_v from_o their_o allegiance_n elect_v rudolph_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n into_o the_o emperor_n henry_n place_n and_o make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n shall_v be_v therein_o abolish_v and_o the_o power_n of_o choose_v emperor_n commit_v to_o the_o people_n what_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n follow_v upon_o this_o decree_n the_o german_a history_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o less_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o rabble_n of_o elector_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o late_a gain_v right_a and_o privilege_n of_o choose_v emperor_n the_o whole_a power_n be_v usurp_v by_o a_o few_o of_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o the_o imperial_a court_n from_o the_o year_n 1250_o till_o 1500_o it_o be_v the_o general_a opinion_n of_o all_o historian_n that_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o and_o pope_n gregory_n v._o reduce_v the_o number_n of_o elector_n to_o seven_o only_o in_o this_o the_o author_n of_o those_o time_n can_v agree_v whether_o the_o emperor_n or_o pope_n have_v the_o great_a authority_n in_o settle_v the_o affair_n but_o this_o opinion_n have_v of_o late_a year_n be_v strong_o oppose_v by_o most_o learned_a writer_n and_o it_o be_v high_o probable_a that_o more_o than_o seven_o have_v voice_n in_o the_o election_n of_o emperor_n until_o the_o time_n of_o frideric_n ii_o for_o otho_n frisingensis_n assure_v we_o that_o henry_n ii_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o after_o his_o death_n conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v advance_v into_o his_o place_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o same_o elector_n henry_n iii_o conrad_n son_n be_v likewise_o elect_v though_o we_o be_v not_o tell_v by_o who_o the_o abbot_n of_o vrsperg_n tell_v we_o that_o henry_n iv_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o imperial_a dignity_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o germany_n that_o henry_n v._o be_v choose_v by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n that_o lotharius_n ii_o be_v make_v emperor_n by_o two_o archbishop_n eight_o bishop_n with_o several_a abbot_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o imperial_a court_n that_o conrade_n iii_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o throne_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n not_o be_v call_v to_o the_o election_n and_o the_o see_v of_o mentz_n be_v then_o vacant_a that_o frideric_n barbarossa_n be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o german_a prince_n that_o philip_n be_v elect_v emperor_n by_o the_o suevian_o bavarian_o and_o saxon_n that_o otho_n iv_o have_v the_o sceptre_n from_o the_o citizen_n of_o colen_n strasburg_n and_o some_o other_o imperial_a city_n this_o otho_n be_v afterward_o excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o frideric_n king_n of_o sicily_n elect_v into_o his_o room_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o duke_n of_o austria_n and_o bohemia_n the_o landtgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n hitherto_o we_o see_v the_o emperor_n be_v not_o choose_v by_o any_o set_a number_n of_o elector_n though_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o those_o prince_n who_o have_v now_o get_v the_o sole_a power_n into_o their_o hand_n have_v even_o in_o those_o time_n the_o great_a share_n of_o authority_n in_o all_o election_n as_o be_v the_o most_o potent_a member_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o when_o after_o the_o death_n of_o frideric_n ii_o no_o man_n for_o many_o year_n take_v care_n of_o the_o supreme_a government_n in_o this_o deplorable_a condition_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n seven_o of_o the_o chief_a prince_n by_o take_v upon_o they_o as_o be_v probable_a the_o management_n of_o all_o public_a affair_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o electoral_a dignity_n which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v to_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o aurea_n bulla_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o number_n of_o elector_n be_v reduce_v to_o seven_n be_v this_o because_o that_o if_o in_o any_o election_n six_o of_o the_o voice_n chance_v to_o be_v equal_o divide_v the_o seven_o elector_n may_v cast_v the_o balance_n to_o that_o side_n where_o
make_v use_v of_o at_o such_o a_o solemnity_n be_v a_o wreath_n of_o white_a scarff_n wherewith_o they_o bind_v the_o head_n of_o their_o king_n the_o elector_n of_o colen_n for_o a_o long_a time_n perform_v the_o ceremony_n of_o coronation_n but_o because_o the_o archbishop_n of_o that_o see_v have_v not_o be_v priest_n for_o many_o year_n the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n have_v execute_v the_o office_n for_o this_o last_o century_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n iii_o there_o arise_v a_o grand_a dispute_n betwixt_o the_o elector_n of_o colen_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v a_o priest_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n the_o former_a demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o the_o honour_n which_o do_v former_o belong_v to_o his_o see_n and_o the_o late_a assert_v his_o right_n from_o the_o example_n of_o his_o predecessor_n who_o have_v long_o enjoy_v it_o however_o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n be_v overthrow_v and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n perform_v the_o office_n and_o in_o so_o do_v some_o say_v only_o preserve_v a_o right_n which_o many_o age_n before_o have_v belong_v to_o his_o predecessor_n at_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n carry_v the_o crown_n the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n bear_v the_o globe_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n the_o sword_n and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o sceptre_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o romans_z that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n choose_v while_o the_o emperor_n be_v live_v be_v a_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o none_o can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o who_o be_v conversant_a in_o the_o writing_n of_o the_o modern_a german_a historian_n thus_o charles_n iu._n wenceslaus_n maximilian_n i._o &_o ii_o rodolph_n ii_o ferdinand_n iii_o &_o iv_o be_v all_o elect_a in_o the_o life-time_n of_o their_o predecessor_n however_o many_o of_o their_o civilian_n question_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o election_n fancy_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o elector_n may_v disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o set_v up_o two_o prince_n at_o once_o who_o by_o election_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n the_o consequence_n indeed_o may_v be_v dangerous_a but_o there_o be_v no_o dispute_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o who_o doubtless_o have_v as_o great_a power_n in_o appoint_v the_o emperor_n a_o successor_n when_o they_o please_v as_o they_o have_v in_o depose_v he_o it_o be_v ordinary_a in_o some_o of_o the_o high_a dutch_a writer_n to_o mean_v the_o emperor_n when_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o till_o of_o late_a year_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o but_o now_o there_o be_v many_o mark_n of_o distinction_n as_o 1._o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n bear_v for_o his_o arm_n the_o eagle_n with_o one_o head_n the_o emperor_n with_o two_o 2._o the_o former_a be_v only_o style_v augustus_n but_o the_o late_a semper_fw-la augustus_n 3._o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o letter_n patent_n direct_v to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n begin_v his_o compellation_n with_o vnsern_n liebten_o i._n e._n to_o our_o belove_a &c._n &c._n but_o the_o king_n in_o his_o answer_n compliment_v the_o emperor_n with_o the_o title_n of_o ihre_n majestaet_n i._n e._n tour_n majesty_n last_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n always_o acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n his_o superior_a and_o have_v no_o authority_n of_o his_o own_o during_o the_o emperor_n life_n when_o the_o emperor_n be_v absent_a or_o employ_v in_o other_o affair_n he_o usual_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o after_o the_o emperor_n death_n succeed_v without_o any_o further_a election_n the_o first_o occasion_n of_o elect_v a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n proceed_v from_o a_o politic_a contrivance_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o by_o this_o mean_v get_v the_o imperial_a crown_n secure_v to_o their_o own_o family_n for_o make_v use_n of_o their_o power_n and_o authority_n while_o themselves_o sit_v in_o the_o throne_n they_o can_v easy_o obtain_v the_o favour_n of_o the_o elector_n to_o choose_v a_o son_n nephew_n or_o other_o relation_n to_o be_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n which_o at_o last_o be_v grow_v customary_a prove_v almost_o as_o considerable_a kindness_n to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n as_o if_o they_o have_v entail_v the_o empire_n upon_o that_o family_n for_o das_fw-la heilige_v romische_n reich_n or_o the_o holy_a roman_a kingdom_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n as_o the_o sacred_a empire_n and_o it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o choose_v any_o prince_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n as_o to_z elect_v he_o emperor_n of_o duke_n count_n and_o other_o order_n of_o nobility_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n though_o the_o ancient_a german_n have_v little_a or_o no_o magistracy_n among_o they_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n duke_n duke_n yet_o both_o julius_n cesar_n and_o tacitus_n agree_v in_o this_o that_o whenever_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n they_o have_v one_o supreme_a governor_n who_o rule_v the_o army_n and_o give_v law_n to_o the_o multitude_n this_o superintendent_n of_o their_o force_n they_o call_v heertog_n or_o heerzog_n a_o name_n which_o their_o duke_n to_o this_o day_n retain_v which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o the_o latin_a word_n dux_n or_o our_o duke_n i._n e._n a_o leader_n or_o commander_n of_o a_o army_n he_o be_v usual_o choose_v in_o a_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n by_o a_o majority_n of_o voice_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v elect_v they_o set_v he_o upon_o a_o banner_n and_o bear_v he_o upon_o their_o shoulder_n which_o ceremony_n as_o cluverius_n prove_v be_v afterward_o observe_v by_o late_a germane_a in_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n and_o by_o the_o roman_a soldier_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o their_o emperor_n julius_n cesar_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o duke_n have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n but_o tacitus_n who_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o germany_n assure_v we_o they_o have_v no_o such_o authority_n they_o can_v indeed_o give_v counsel_n and_o order_n to_o the_o soldier_n but_o have_v no_o power_n to_o punish_v offender_n or_o correct_v the_o obstinate_a for_o in_o all_o probability_n there_o be_v not_o any_o manner_n of_o judge_n in_o the_o land_n that_o have_v the_o power_n of_o sentence_v any_o offender_n to_o death_n when_o any_o controversy_n arise_v among_o the_o commonalty_n graven_n count_n or_o graven_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o choose_v a_o judge_n out_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o village_n where_o the_o quarrel_n begin_v these_o kind_n of_o judge_n they_o call_v grafen_n or_o graven_n and_o their_o office_n be_v to_o determine_v all_o trifle_a dispute_n in_o their_o neighbourhood_n meibomius_n in_o his_o learned_a tract_n of_o irmensul_n tell_v we_o that_o all_o germany_n be_v ancient_o divide_v into_o village_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n gouwen_v and_o that_o each_o of_o these_o have_v their_o peculiar_a judge_n thence_o name_v gowgraven_v ein_fw-mi graff_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o glossary_a upon_o the_o saxon_a spiegel_n bedeut_n nach_n altem_fw-la sachsischen_n deutschen_n ein_fw-mi richter_n i._n e._n graf_n signify_v a_o judge_n in_o the_o old_a saxon_a language_n die_v graven_n signify_v proper_o the_o grey_a head_a or_o elder_n of_o the_o people_n whence_o our_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n in_o the_o thirtyfifth_a chapter_n of_o his_o law_n afterward_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o low_a dutch_a greve_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o with_o the_o english_a eoldenman_n now_o alderman_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a state_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o germany_n before_o the_o roman_n overrun_v some_o part_n of_o that_o land_n but_o whatever_o come_v into_o their_o hand_n be_v immediate_o divide_v into_o province_n and_o govern_v as_o they_o themselves_o please_v whence_o deuce_n and_o comites_fw-la be_v create_v by_o they_o in_o several_a place_n but_o such_o as_o have_v another_o kind_n of_o power_n commit_v to_o they_o then_o the_o aforesaid_a hertzogen_fw-mi and_o graven_n can_v pretend_v to_o in_o roman_a historian_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o great_a many_o of_o this_o sort_n such_o as_o dux_n germaniae_fw-la primae_fw-la dux_n moguntiacensis_fw-la dux_n sequanicae_n dux_n rhetiae_n primae_fw-la &_o secundae_fw-la dux_n belgicae_fw-la secundae_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n speak_v of_o one_o carietto_n who_o he_o call_v comes_fw-la per_fw-la utramque_fw-la germaniam_fw-la these_o have_v authority_n to_o raise_v tax_n and_o be_v invest_v with_o many_o other_o privilege_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o the_o other_o want_v but_o the_o roman_n have_v never_o get_v any_o considerable_a foot_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o rhine_n can_v not_o fix_v any_o of_o their_o fashion_n of_o government_n in_o the_o northern_a
part_n of_o germany_n so_o that_o these_o still_o retain_v their_o ancient_a form_n until_o the_o frank_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o introduce_v new_a mode_n and_o establish_v a_o new_a sort_n of_o government_n everywhere_o for_o these_o conqueror_n imitate_v the_o roman_n reduce_v all_o germany_n into_o province_n over_o which_o they_o appoint_v so_o many_o duke_n who_o have_v authority_n to_o govern_v and_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o their_o respective_a commission_n to_o these_o duke_n they_o sometime_o add_v assistant_n who_o be_v from_o their_o office_n which_o be_v to_o aid_v the_o duke_n in_o the_o management_n of_o great_a and_o weighty_a affair_n call_v count_n or_o comites_fw-la the_o duke_n be_v always_o elect_v by_o the_o king_n and_o nobility_n out_o of_o some_o illustrious_a family_n yet_o so_o that_o if_o the_o decease_a duke_n son_n be_v capable_a and_o worthy_a of_o his_o father_n honour_n he_o be_v seldom_o reject_v at_o last_o the_o power_n of_o these_o duke_n grow_v exceed_o great_a and_o terrible_a insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o several_a of_o they_o to_o deny_v to_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o emperor_n which_o when_o charles_n the_o great_a observe_v he_o destroy_v the_o two_o great_a dukedom_n of_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n aquitane_n and_o bavaria_n by_o divide_v they_o into_o several_a small_a county_n but_o not_o long_o after_o charles_n death_n the_o emperor_n create_v new_a duke_n in_o most_o place_n where_o he_o have_v change_v they_o into_o count_n whereupon_o the_o empire_n be_v quick_o reduce_v to_o the_o former_a strait_n every_o duke_n pretend_v to_o and_o exercise_v regal_a authority_n in_o his_o own_o province_n the_o first_o of_o these_o that_o grow_v formidable_o potent_a be_v otho_n duke_n of_o saxony_n afterward_o elect_a emperor_n who_o though_o he_o refuse_v the_o imperial_a diadem_n and_o get_v it_o confer_v on_o conrade_n duke_n of_o franconia_n be_v always_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o most_o powerful_a prince_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n in_o his_o time_n after_o otho_n death_n the_o emperor_n conrade_n use_v all_o mean_n possible_a to_o reduce_v the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n to_o some_o tolerable_a mediocrity_n but_o his_o endeavour_n prove_v unsuccessful_a and_o duke_n henry_n stout_o maintain_v the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n which_o his_o father_n otho_n have_v enjoy_v without_o disturbance_n from_o that_o time_n forward_o the_o emperor_n lay_v under_o a_o obligation_n of_o create_v new_a duke_n who_o get_v into_o their_o hand_n the_o government_n of_o several_a potent_a city_n set_v up_o for_o almost_o absolute_a prince_n our_o learned_a antiquary_n mr._n selden_n reckon_v up_o six_o several_a sort_n of_o grave_n or_o count_n which_o be_v these_o 1._o schlechtgraven_a or_o simple_a count_n 2._o count_n palatine_a which_o as_o will_v be_v show_v anon_o be_v subdivide_v into_o several_a other_o branch_n 3._o count_n of_o the_o empire_n 4._o marck-grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o frontier_n 5._o landtgrave_n or_o count_n of_o province_n 6._o burggrave_n or_o count_n of_o city_n and_o great_a to_n there_o be_v ancient_o a_o seven_o sort_n here-graven_a who_o answer_v exact_o to_o the_o primitive_a duke_n or_o hertzogen_a for_o as_o the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v to_o conduct_v and_o govern_v the_o soldier_n so_o the_o other_o be_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n as_o field-judge_n the_o gefurstete_n graven_n do_v not_o make_v a_o distinct_a species_n be_v nothing_o else_o then_o such_o count_n as_o beside_o their_o ordinary_a title_n may_v challenge_v that_o of_o first_fw-ge or_o prince_n in_o the_o old_a law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o empire_n we_o meet_v with_o almost_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o inferior_a officer_n who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o graven_n bestow_v on_o they_o such_o be_v 1._o centgrave_a he_o that_o have_v the_o government_n of_o a_o hundred_o we_o may_v english_a the_o word_n high-constable_n 2._o holtz-grave_a or_o wald-grave_a overseer_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o forest_n 3._o gograf_n of_o which_o before_o 4._o spiel-grave_a the_o master_n of_o the_o revel_n 5._o hans-grave_a a_o title_n former_o give_v to_o the_o chief_a judge_n in_o all_o matter_n relate_v to_o trade_n debate_v in_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n but_o we_o shall_v not_o weary_v the_o reader_n with_o insist_v upon_o these_o obsolete_a title_n of_o honour_n content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o six_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v all_o our_o famous_a antiquary_n beforemention_v have_v think_v worthy_a his_o take_a notice_n of_o the_o first_o be_v such_o as_o be_v style_v bare_o count_n schlechtgraven_v schlechtgraven_v without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o more_o than_o the_o place_n which_o give_v they_o that_o title_n as_o der_n graf_n von_fw-mi eissenburg_n der_n graf_n von_fw-mi ortenberg_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v former_o only_a four_o of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n who_o be_v ordinary_o call_v die_n vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n i._n e._n the_o four_o grave_n or_o count_n of_o the_o holy_a roman_a empire_n these_o be_v the_o count_n of_o cleve_n schwartzenburg_n ciley_n and_o savoy_n but_o since_o the_o count_n of_o cleve_n and_o savoy_n be_v advance_v to_o duke_n and_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o ciley_n be_v extinct_a which_o happen_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n ago_o the_o count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n in_o thuringen_n be_v the_o only_a prince_n that_o bear_v that_o title_n still_v himself_o usual_o to_o this_o day_n der_fw-mi vier_fw-mi graven_n dess_n reichs_n grave_a zu_fw-ge schwartzenburg_n i._n e._n of_o the_o four_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n beside_o he_o there_o be_v nowadays_o several_a other_o german_a count_n who_o may_v just_o be_v refer_v to_o this_o head_n though_o they_o have_v no_o investiture_n into_o any_o graffschaft_n or_o county_n but_o be_v only_o style_v count_n of_o some_o small_a castle_n or_o inconsiderable_a territory_n of_o which_o they_o be_v lord_n such_o be_v the_o count_n of_o ottingen_n and_o zollern_n who_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v of_o the_o posterity_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a count_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o thence_o retain_v the_o title_n though_o not_o the_o grandeur_n and_o power_n of_o their_o ancestor_n count_n palatine_n call_v by_o the_o german_n pfaltzgraven_a palatine_a count_n palatine_a or_o dess_n heiligen_n romischen_n reichs_n hoffe-graven_a be_v such_o as_o have_v in_o their_o title_n a_o certain_a eminence_n of_o their_o dignity_n from_o a_o relation_n as_o their_o name_n denote_v to_o the_o emperor_n court_n or_o palace_n for_o palatinus_n be_v but_o the_o possessive_a of_o palatium_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o household_n with_o we_o in_o england_n but_o this_o title_n be_v twofold_a 1._o original_o feudal_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o name_n of_o some_o territory_n or_o grafschaft_n with_o such_o jura_fw-la imperii_fw-la &_o majestatis_fw-la as_o other_o ordinary_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v not_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o title_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n 2._o mere_o personal_a without_o the_o addition_n of_o any_o particular_a territory_n proper_a to_o he_o that_o have_v the_o dignity_n both_o the_o title_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o late_a kind_n be_v original_o to_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o example_n of_o the_o old_a roman_a empire_n but_o the_o former_a though_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o ancient_a constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n under_o the_o name_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la yet_o be_v in_o ordinary_a use_n as_o to_o the_o name_n and_o title_n only_o in_o the_o francic_a kingdom_n for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o francic_a king_n long_o before_o their_o kingdom_n be_v change_v into_o a_o empire_n a_o chief_a officer_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o comes_fw-la palatii_fw-la or_o count_n palatine_n who_o have_v a_o viceregency_n under_o the_o king_n in_o like_a sort_n as_o the_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la in_o the_o elder_a empire_n or_o the_o old_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n under_o our_o ancient_a king_n that_o be_v he_o have_v the_o exercise_n of_o supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o king_n in_o all_o cause_n that_o come_v to_o the_o king_n immediate_a audience_n i_o suppose_v the_o office_n of_o hofmeister_n use_v to_o this_o day_n in_o every_o german_a prince_n court_n be_v a_o relic_n of_o this_o palatinate_n and_o that_o come_v palatii_fw-la might_n easy_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la or_o hofmeister_n will_v not_o be_v difficult_a for_o any_o man_n to_o imagine_v that_o shall_v consider_v the_o signification_n which_o the_o word_n come_v have_v among_o the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o the_o usual_a compellation_n of_o
comites_fw-la and_o amici_n use_v by_o their_o emperor_n to_o the_o great_a officer_n in_o the_o court_n and_o state_n whence_o afterward_o in_o the_o eastern_a empire_n we_o meet_v with_o comites_fw-la sacrarum_fw-la largitionum_fw-la comites_fw-la metallorum_fw-la comites_fw-la rerum_fw-la privatarum_fw-la comites_fw-la patrimonii_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o all_o which_o expression_n come_v manifest_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o praefectus_fw-la or_o magister_fw-la the_o reason_n why_o the_o name_n of_o palatine_a which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v denote_v only_o such_o as_o be_v member_n of_o the_o king_n be_v or_o emperor_n household_n shall_v afterward_o be_v join_v with_o a_o province_n remote_a from_o the_o court_n seem_v plain_a enough_o for_o whereas_o other_o ordinary_a count_n have_v only_o a_o power_n subordinate_a to_o that_o of_o the_o count_n palatine_n who_o exercise_v supreme_a jurisdiction_n in_o the_o emperor_n name_n these_o have_v all_o the_o royalty_n and_o jura_n imperii_fw-la in_o their_o respective_a province_n which_o the_o count_v palatine_n enjoy_v at_o court_n and_o the_o like_a form_n of_o speak_v we_o meet_v with_o among_o the_o old_a roman_n in_o the_o officiary_a dignity_n of_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la orientis_fw-la praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la illyrici_fw-la praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la italiae_fw-la and_o praefectus_fw-la praetorio_fw-la galliarum_n where_o we_o see_v the_o title_n of_o the_o household_n or_o emperor_n palace_n transfer_v to_o these_o several_a province_n to_o denote_v that_o they_o who_o bear_v those_o office_n be_v as_o so_o many_o vice-roys_n in_o their_o peculiar_a territory_n shall_v enjoy_v like_o power_n jurisdiction_n and_o dignity_n in_o their_o respective_a dominion_n as_o if_o by_o the_o name_n of_o praefecti_fw-la praetorio_fw-la they_o have_v always_o live_v with_o the_o emperor_n in_o his_o court_n the_o additional_a title_n of_o palatine_n have_v be_v confer_v upon_o the_o count_n of_o habspurg_n tube_v witelenspach_n schiern_n ortenberg_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o some_o old_a list_n of_o the_o german_a prince_n we_o find_v mention_v make_v of_o four_o ertz-pfaltz-graven_a or_o archi-palatini_a viz._n rheni_n saxoniae_n francia_fw-la or_o franconiae_fw-la &_o hungariae_n but_o at_o this_o day_n the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n be_v so_o singular_o eminent_a prince_n by_o this_o title_n that_o common_o no_v other_o place_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o palatinate_n but_o only_o their_o territory_n however_o saxony_n be_v still_o a_o pfaltzgraffschaft_n or_o palatinate_n and_o the_o duke_n thereof_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o a_o count_n palatine_n though_o he_o be_v not_o so_o style_v because_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n be_v rare_o join_v with_o palatinus_n of_o the_o authority_n and_o power_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_a of_o the_o rhine_n we_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o when_o we_o come_v to_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o their_o territory_n what_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v emâ—_n â—â—nts_n of_o 〈◊〉_d emâ—_n may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o patent_n grant_v by_o the_o emperor_n rudolph_n ii_o to_o thomas_n arundel_n of_o wardour_n in_o wiltshire_n afterward_o make_v lord_n arundel_n of_o wardour_n by_o king_n james_n for_o the_o create_v of_o he_o a_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o title_n his_o heir_n have_v keep_v to_o this_o day_n that_o the_o title_n be_v hereditary_a appear_v from_o this_o passage_n in_o the_o patent_n te_fw-la supradictum_fw-la thomam_fw-la arundelium_fw-la qui_fw-la jam_fw-la ante_fw-la comitum_fw-la consanguinitatem_fw-la a_o majoribus_fw-la acceptam_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it obtines_fw-la omnesque_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la liberos_fw-la haeredes_fw-la posteros_fw-la &_o descendentes_fw-la tuos_fw-la legitimos_fw-la utriusque_fw-la sexus_fw-la natos_fw-la aeternaque_fw-la serie_fw-la nascituros_fw-la etiam_fw-la veros_fw-la sacros_fw-la romani_fw-la imperii_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o comitissas_fw-la creavimus_fw-la fecimus_fw-la &_o nominavimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o learned_a mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n speak_v of_o this_o patent_n tell_v we_o that_o whoever_o have_v the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o the_o empire_n confer_v on_o he_o have_v withal_o a_o seat_n assign_v he_o and_o may_v give_v his_o voice_n in_o the_o imperial_a diet_n he_o may_v purchase_v a_o estate_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n may_v listen_v volunteer_n and_o can_v be_v sue_v in_o any_o court_n of_o judicature_n save_v only_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a patent_n the_o title_n of_o count_n of_o the_o sacred_a empire_n be_v at_o present_a enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n honourable_a henry_n lord_n arundel_n of_o warder_n those_o of_o the_o nobility_n who_o the_o ancient_a francic_a king_n make_v governor_n of_o such_o province_n as_o be_v of_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o empire_n mark-graven_a mark-graven_a be_v style_v mark-graven_a from_o the_o old_a word_n marken_n which_o signify_v the_o outmost_a mark_n or_o limit_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o use_v the_o word_n marsh_n speak_v of_o the_o bound_n betwixt_o england_n and_o scotland_n or_o wales_n from_o the_o high_a dutch_a mark-grave_a the_o latin_n borrow_a their_o marchio_n and_o marggravius_n the_o italian_n marchese_n and_o the_o late_a greek_n their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d instead_o of_o our_o french_a marquis_n and_o marchioness_n some_o etymologist_n have_v endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o title_n of_o mark-grave_a from_o the_o old_a francic_a word_n mare_fw-la sometime_o write_v march_n signify_v a_o horse_n and_o these_o fancy_n there_o be_v no_o great_a difference_n former_o between_o the_o title_n and_o office_n of_o marschal_n and_o mark-grave_a or_o mar-grave_a as_o they_o write_v it_o in_o the_o feud_n we_o read_v qui_fw-fr de_fw-fr marchia_n investitur_fw-la marchio_n dicitur_fw-la dicitur_fw-la autem_fw-la marchia_n quia_fw-la marcha_n &_o ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la juxta_fw-la mare_fw-la sit_fw-la posita_fw-la where_o what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o derivation_n of_o the_o word_n marchio_n from_o marcha_n be_v true_a but_o if_o by_o ut_fw-la plurimum_fw-la juxta_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o author_n mean_v that_o the_o word_n mare_n bear_v a_o part_n in_o the_o original_n of_o mark-grave_a or_o marquis_n he_o be_v manifest_o mistake_v for_o although_o the_o marca_n anconitana_n and_o trevigiana_n in_o italy_n as_o also_o the_o marquisate_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n in_o brabant_n and_o the_o marca_n normanica_fw-la and_o britannica_fw-la in_o france_n be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o sea_n yet_o the_o marquisates_n of_o misnia_n lusatia_n brandenburg_n moravia_n austria_n mountferrat_n and_o susa_n in_o savoy_n be_v inland_o country_n but_o have_v the_o name_n of_o margrafchaften_o fix_v on_o they_o because_o they_o be_v such_o province_n as_o be_v the_o limit_n or_o frontier_n of_o the_o german_a kingdom_n when_o marquis_n as_o well_o as_o duke_n and_o count_n begin_v to_o multiply_v in_o the_o german_a empire_n there_o be_v four_o of_o they_o who_o have_v the_o title_n of_o die_fw-fr vier_fw-mi hohen_o mark-graffen_a i._n e._n the_o four_o high_a or_o chief_z marquis_n these_o be_v they_o of_o brandenburg_n merhern_n or_o moravia_n meisen_n and_o baden_n who_o territory_n be_v thence_o call_v die_v vier_fw-mi hohen_o markgrafchaften_o i._n e._n the_o four_o chief_a marquisates_n in_o the_o title_n of_o landtgrave_n and_o burggrave_n the_o termination_n grave_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o in_o markgrave_n landtgraven_v landtgraven_v landt_n in_o the_o german_a tongue_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o province_n or_o territory_n so_o that_o the_o word_n landtgrave_n if_o literal_o translate_v must_v be_v render_v comes_fw-la provincialis_fw-la a_o count_n that_o have_v supreme_a government_n in_o some_o particular_a province_n landtherr_n be_v ancient_o a_o title_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o confer_v upon_o the_o lord_n of_o verona_n who_o be_v of_o the_o family_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr scala_n or_o the_o scaliger_n of_o mirandula_n milan_n and_o milan_n who_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o prince_n equal_a in_o power_n and_o dignity_n to_o as_o many_o count_n palatine_n the_o german_n usual_o reckon_v up_o four_o landtgrave_n as_o well_o as_o four_o duke_n four_o count_n four_o marquis_n and_o four_o of_o most_o other_o dignity_n as_o most_o eminent_a in_o the_o empire_n these_o be_v the_o landtgrave_v of_o thuringen_n hessen_n alsace_n and_o luchtenburg_n of_o which_o the_o landtgrave_n of_o hessen_n be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o great_a note_n the_o most_o ancient_a creation_n of_o a_o landtgrave_n which_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o history_n be_v that_o of_o ludowic_n iii_o count_n of_o thuringen_n who_o by_o the_o emperor_n lotharius_n his_o father-in-law_n have_v his_o title_n alter_v into_o landtgrave_n of_o the_o same_o place_n in_o the_o year_n 1126._o sometime_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o word_n landtgrave_n make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v
teutonici_fw-la or_o the_o dutch_a knight_n though_o in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o order_n have_v this_o name_n before_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o these_o part_n consist_v at_o its_o first_o institution_n chief_o of_o german_n be_v call_v into_o prussia_n say_v some_o by_o the_o muscovite_n or_o as_o other_o send_v thither_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o they_o seat_v themselves_o at_o marienberg_n about_o the_o year_n 1340_o after_o a_o long_a engagement_n in_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o the_o native_n under_o the_o thirteen_o great_a master_n of_o their_o order_n sigefrid_n de_fw-fr feuchtwangen_n in_o the_o year_n 1450_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o casimir_n iv_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o last_o the_o order_n be_v surrender_v by_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o thirtyfifth_a and_o last_o great_a master_n of_o the_o order_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o thereupon_o create_v he_o duke_n of_o prussia_n such_o of_o the_o knight_n as_o disrelished_a this_o action_n of_o their_o master_n albert_n retire_v into_o germany_n where_o they_o choose_v one_o walter_n croneberg_n master_n of_o their_o order_n afterward_o the_o title_n be_v confer_v upon_o maximilian_n one_o of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n ii_o but_o the_o order_n never_o flourish_v but_o decay_v daily_o since_o the_o day_n of_o albert_n beforementioned_a and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o obscure_a honour_n of_o little_a or_o no_o repute_n in_o the_o world_n the_o only_a order_n of_o knighthood_n at_o this_o day_n know_v in_o germany_n or_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o knight_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v the_o geschlagenen_fw-la rittern_n or_o dub_v knight_n on_o who_o the_o emperor_n confer_v that_o honour_n by_o touch_v they_o light_o upon_o the_o shoulder_n with_o a_o naked_a sword_n and_o say_v to_o each_o of_o they_o esto_fw-la miles_n dei_fw-la &_o sancti_fw-la stephani_fw-la the_o title_n of_o armiger_n esquire_n esquire_n or_o esquire_n as_o we_o and_o the_o french_a use_n the_o word_n be_v whole_o out_o of_o use_n in_o the_o empire_n yet_o in_o ancient_a dutch_a record_n we_o read_v of_o skiltknaben_n and_o wapeneren_n both_o which_o word_n have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o be_v proper_o render_v armigeri_fw-la and_o these_o have_v their_o title_n and_o dignity_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o delivery_n of_o a_o sword_n only_o without_o gird_v it_o on_o with_o a_o blow_n on_o the_o cheek_n or_o ear_n which_o give_v they_o the_o liberty_n of_o bear_v a_o sword_n or_o other_o arm_n in_o attendance_n on_o a_o knight_n or_o ritter_n geschlagen_fw-ge but_o not_o of_o wear_v it_o gird_v on_o as_o the_o knight_n himself_o do_v for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a former_o for_o any_o subject_n whatever_o in_o the_o empire_n to_o bear_v arm_n except_v such_o as_o have_v the_o emperor_n more_o especial_a licence_n so_o to_o do_v the_o gentry_n in_o the_o empire_n be_v express_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o edel-lute_n gentleman_n gentleman_n which_o as_o our_o gentleman_n be_v a_o universal_a name_n for_o all_o such_o as_o either_o from_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o favour_n of_o their_o sovereign_n or_o their_o own_o virtue_n be_v raise_v to_o a_o eminency_n above_o the_o multitude_n hence_o edel-dom_a and_o edel-heit_a be_v use_v to_o signify_v nobility_n and_o veredelen_n and_o edel-machen_a to_o ennoble_v some_o singular_o eminent_a gentleman_n in_o francken_n schwaben_n and_o rhein-land_n who_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n and_o subject_a to_o no_o other_o court_n but_o the_o emperor_n have_v the_o title_n of_o die_v freye_a vom_n adel_n or_o die_v freye_a adeliche_n reichs_n ritterschaft_n i._n e._n the_o free_a gentleman_n or_o ordo_fw-la equestris_n of_o the_o empire_n our_o english_a saxon_n use_v the_o word_n aedel_n in_o the_o same_o signification_n whence_o in_o aelfric_n glossary_a generositas_fw-la be_v interpret_v aedelborynnesse_n noble_a birth_n and_o generosa_fw-la be_v render_v by_o þ_n aeðele_n or_o a_o noble_a woman_n indeed_o aetheling_n etheling_n or_o adeling_o be_v common_o use_v by_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n to_o denote_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n or_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n who_o afterward_o get_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o wales_n hence_o edgar_n etheling_n so_o often_o name_v in_o our_o english_a historian_n have_v his_o surname_n which_o robert_n of_o gloucester_n in_o his_o poem_n upon_o king_n harold_n a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n explain_v thus_o the_o good_a tryeweman_n of_o the_o lond_n will_v aabbe_v ymade_a king_n the_o kind_a eir_n the_o young_a child_n edgar_n atheling_n wo_n so_o be_v next_o king_n by_o kunde_n i_o clupe_v he_o atheling_n thervore_fw-la i_o clupe_v he_o so_o warrant_v by_o kunde_n he_o be_v king_n but_o if_o we_o search_v into_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o aeðeling_n be_v only_o a_o patronymic_a from_o the_o primitive_a aeðel_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o nobilis_fw-la ortu_fw-la or_o generosus_fw-la i._n e._n one_o descend_v from_o he_o that_o be_v aeðel_v or_o a_o nobleman_n thus_o in_o king_n aelfred_n saxon_a version_n of_o bede_n ecclesiastical_a history_n we_o read_v mid_a eallum_n aeðelingum_n his_o ðeode_n that_o be_v with_o all_o the_o etheling_n of_o his_o nation_n instead_o of_o the_o latin_a cum_fw-la cunctis_fw-la gentis_fw-la suae_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o german_a church_n with_o a_o view_n of_o the_o power_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a order_n therein_o contain_v how_o much_o several_a of_o the_o province_n and_o principality_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n differ_v among_o themselves_o in_o point_n of_o religion_n since_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o reformation_n by_o martin_n luther_n we_o have_v show_v before_o and_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o where_o the_o doctrine_n be_v so_o dissonant_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o uniformity_n in_o church_n discipline_n the_o intolerable_a greatness_n which_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v usurp_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n which_o render_v it_o uneasy_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o unexpected_a change_n when_o luther_n opinion_n have_v prevail_v with_o so_o many_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o see_v bishopric_n convert_v into_o secular_a principality_n and_o a_o new_a form_n of_o church-government_n set_v up_o instead_o of_o episcopal_a dignity_n which_o have_v be_v so_o much_o abuse_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n church_n prelate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o to_o this_o day_n bear_v rule_n in_o such_o part_n of_o germany_n as_o have_v not_o embrace_v either_o luther_n or_o calvin_n doctrine_n have_v more_o power_n and_o exercise_v a_o great_a authority_n in_o their_o several_a bishopric_n than_o any_o other_o prelate_n in_o christendom_n most_o of_o they_o be_v great_a prince_n and_o challenge_v as_o absolute_a a_o dominion_n over_o the_o temporality_n of_o their_o diocese_n as_o any_o secular_a elector_n can_v pretend_v to_o over_o his_o own_o land_n and_o inheritance_n heretofore_o beside_o the_o three_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n there_o be_v five_o archbishop_n and_o thirty_o bishop_n that_o have_v seat_n and_o voice_n in_o the_o assembly_n and_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o their_o number_n have_v exceed_o decrease_v of_o late_a since_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n bremen_n and_o riga_n together_o with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n minden_n and_o werden_n have_v be_v change_v into_o secular_a principality_n those_o also_o of_o besanson_n verdun_n mets_n and_o toul_n cut_v off_o from_o the_o empire_n and_o inseparable_o unite_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o spain_n and_o france_n and_o last_o those_o of_o valesia_n losanna_n and_o chur_n abolish_v by_o the_o swiss_n insomuch_o that_o at_o present_a in_o the_o college_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n only_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saltzburg_n beside_o the_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n and_o about_o twenty_o bishop_n have_v vote_n by_o this_o secularize_v three_o archbishopric_n and_o six_o bishopric_n the_o protestant_a prince_n some_o of_o they_o at_o least_o have_v lose_v the_o opportunity_n of_o provide_v for_o their_o young_a brethren_n in_o as_o plentiful_a a_o manner_n as_o they_o can_v have_v do_v before_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n for_o whilst_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n that_o of_o bremen_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spiritual_a dignity_n which_o be_v now_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o church_n be_v in_o the_o gift_n of_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n considerable_a maintenance_n be_v provide_v for_o many_o young_a duke_n and_o count_n who_o at_o this_o time_n can_v
get_v nothing_o but_o the_o bare_a title_n of_o their_o elder_a brethren_n and_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o have_v the_o least_o share_n in_o the_o inheritance_n and_o temporal_a estate_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o bishopric_n of_o lubec_n remain_v still_o a_o ecclesiastical_a preferment_n though_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lutheran_n and_o ever_o since_o the_o death_n of_o balthasar_n of_o rantzau_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1547_o have_v be_v in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sleswic_n and_o holstein_n the_o present_a bishop_n be_v a_o young_a brother_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o keep_v his_o residence_n at_o eutin_n a_o fair_a palace_n situate_a on_o a_o lake_n about_o two_o german_a mile_n from_o lubec_n among_o the_o roman_a prelate_n the_o archbishop_n of_o saltzburg_n be_v chief_a be_v bear_v legate_n of_o the_o papal_a see_v and_o give_v place_n to_o none_o but_o the_o elector_n in_o the_o public_a diet_n of_o the_o empire_n how_o fair_a and_o strong_a a_o city_n saltzburg_n be_v and_o what_o riches_n it_o bring_v in_o yearly_a to_o this_o prelate_n by_o the_o abundance_n of_o salt_n here_o vend_v we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o show_v hereafter_o bishop_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o still_o enjoy_v a_o seat_n and_o suffrage_n in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v bamberg_n wirsburg_n worm_n spire_n eichstedt_n augsburg_n constance_n hildesheim_n paderborn_n munster_n osnabrug_n passau_n strasburg_n frisinguen_n liege_n trent_n brix_n and_o basil_n among_o which_o osnabrug_n belong_v to_o the_o lutheran_n prince_n by_o turn_n and_o since_o the_o death_n of_o francis_n count_n of_o wirtemberg_n the_o bishopric_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o present_a bishop_n ernest_n augustus_n duke_n of_o lunenburg_n young_a brother_n of_o the_o house_n of_o zell_n and_o since_o the_o late_a decay_a power_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o colen_n who_o challenge_v the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o hanover_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o hildesheim_n and_o keep_v it_o by_o a_o strong_a hand_n and_o whether_o his_o brother_n ernest_n augustus_n bishop_n of_o osnabrug_n who_o have_v late_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o hanover_n will_v restore_v it_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o colen_n i_o can_v determine_v there_o have_v long_o be_v a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n about_o the_o right_n of_o election_n and_o investiture_n of_o bishop_n in_o the_o empire_n â—â—ops_n â—â—stiâ—â—â—_n of_o â—â—ops_n before_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n determine_v the_o controversy_n and_o give_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o confer_v of_o dignity_n and_o prelacy_n not_o only_o in_o the_o german_a empire_n but_o in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o christendom_n to_o the_o pope_n how_o unjust_a a_o usurpation_n this_o be_v the_o pope_n own_o canon_n will_v inform_v we_o where_o we_o meet_v with_o pope_n leo_n beg_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n and_o lotharius_n to_o consecrate_v one_o colonus_n bishop_n of_o riete_n with_o several_a other_o the_o like_a example_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o historian_n and_o other_o ancient_a author_n many_o of_o which_o the_o reader_n may_v find_v quote_v by_o the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o review_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o emperor_n always_o peaceable_o enjoy_v this_o right_n of_o invest_v bishop_n and_o abbot_n till_o the_o day_n of_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o who_o although_o himself_o have_v receive_v confirmation_n from_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iu._n yet_o thunder_v out_o a_o excommunication_n against_o all_o emperor_n king_n duke_n marquis_n earl_n and_o all_o other_o secular_a power_n that_o shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o the_o right_n of_o investiture_n into_o bishopric_n or_o any_o other_o ecclesiastical_a dignity_n and_o against_o all_o those_o that_o shall_v receive_v any_o such_o preferment_n at_o their_o hand_n this_o decree_n have_v be_v observe_v by_o gregory_n successor_n as_o a_o inviolable_a statute_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_n and_o enroll_v in_o their_o book_n of_o decretal_n after_o many_o irreconcilable_a broil_n and_o bicker_n betwixt_o the_o pope_n and_o emperor_n after_o this_o excommunication_n be_v issue_v out_o the_o one_o endeavour_v to_o keep_v the_o other_o to_o regain_v the_o say_a right_n at_o last_o henry_n v._o be_v force_v to_o yield_v to_o pope_n calixtus_n and_o divest_v himself_o of_o that_o right_n which_o his_o ancestor_n have_v always_o challenge_v and_o to_o which_o most_o of_o they_o make_v good_a their_o title_n and_o plea._n this_o poor_a emperor_n i_o say_v abandon_v almost_o by_o all_o the_o world_n and_o combat_v by_o his_o own_o subject_n those_o especial_o of_o the_o clergy_n be_v constrain_v to_o quit_v his_o claim_n to_o all_o manner_n of_o investiture_n by_o this_o formal_a declaration_n i_o henry_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n emperor_n of_o rome_n for_o the_o love_n of_o god_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a roman_a church_n and_o of_o pope_n calixtus_n and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o my_o own_o soul_n do_v restore_v unto_o god_n and_o to_o his_o bless_a apostle_n st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n and_o to_o the_o holy_a catholic_a church_n all_o kind_n of_o investiture_n make_v by_o the_o ring_n and_o staff_n and_o permit_v that_o election_n and_o free_a consecration_n be_v make_v in_o all_o church_n now_o though_o the_o term_n of_o this_o renunciation_n show_v that_o it_o be_v only_o personal_a and_o that_o it_o lay_v no_o obligation_n on_o his_o successor_n to_o follow_v his_o example_n yet_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o surrender_n the_o pope_n of_o rome_n have_v for_o more_o than_o five_o hundred_o year_n pretend_v to_o a_o unquestionable_a right_n of_o investiture_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o eclesiastical_a dignify_v person_n and_o that_o emperor_n successor_n have_v always_o want_v either_o courage_n or_o strength_n enough_o to_o regain_v their_o lose_a prerogative_n there_o be_v two_o way_n of_o advance_v these_o prelate_n in_o the_o german_a church_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v term_v election_n and_o the_o other_o postulation_n when_o the_o chapter_n of_o any_o cathedral_n be_v canonical_o assemble_v choose_v any_o particular_a member_n of_o their_o own_o body_n to_o be_v head_n thereof_o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v lawful_o do_v when_o two_o three_o of_o the_o canon_n give_v he_o their_o voice_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v archbishop_n or_o bishop_n by_o election_n but_o if_o the_o same_o canon_n think_v fit_a to_o promote_v to_o that_o dignity_n some_o prince_n or_o prelate_n who_o be_v not_o of_o their_o own_o body_n they_o call_v that_o kind_n of_o proceed_v postulation_n beside_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n there_o be_v several_a other_o ecclesiastical_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n abbot_n abbot_n who_o have_v seat_n and_o voice_n in_o the_o diet_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n though_o he_o have_v nothing_o but_o a_o bare_a title_n from_o his_o order_n who_o keep_v usual_o his_o residence_n at_o manenchal_n or_o morkenthal_n and_o have_v a_o vote_n in_o all_o assembly_n immediate_o after_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saltzburg_n the_o rest_n be_v the_o abbot_n of_o fulda_n hirsesfeld_n murbach_n kempten_a corbay_n prum_n stabel_n and_o ludors_n the_o grand_a prior_n of_o malta_n the_o provost_n of_o elvang_n and_o beressolagaden_v who_o have_v voice_n after_o the_o bishop_n there_o be_v three_o and_o twenty_o other_o prelate_n abbess_n abbess_n and_o fourteen_o abbess_n that_o come_v after_o the_o secular_a prince_n who_o though_o they_o have_v seat_n in_o the_o diet_n yet_o have_v no_o voice_n but_o in_o a_o full_a body_n no_o more_o than_o the_o count_n the_o abbess_n be_v they_o of_o quedlimburg_n essen_n hermord_n nidez_n and_o obermunster_n at_o ratisbon_n lindau_n herenroda_n buchau_n upon_o the_o lake_n federsic_a rottemmuster_v near_o rottevil_n hagbaen_n guttenzel_n beind_n dandelau_n and_o gunderthem_fw-mi these_o lady_n be_v oblige_v to_o send_v in_o their_o deputy_n to_o all_o public_a assembly_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v excuse_v a_o personal_a presence_n because_o of_o their_o sex_n however_o they_o have_v as_o good_a a_o right_a to_o challenge_v seat_n in_o the_o diet_n as_o any_o prince_n whatever_o the_o three_o and_o twenty_o prelate_n have_v each_o of_o they_o the_o title_n of_o abbot_n provost_z or_o bailiff_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n and_o have_v common_o so_o large_a revenue_n annex_v to_o their_o title_n and_o dignity_n that_o if_o their_o riches_n be_v employ_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n they_o will_v be_v able_a to_o strike_v terror_n into_o any_o secular_a power_n that_o shall_v dare_v to_o affront_v they_o all_o the_o reform_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n both_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n agree_v in_o this_o church_n reform_a church_n that_o they_o make_v all_o their_o clergy_n acknowledge_v
the_o misery_n be_v which_o their_o own_o dissension_n bring_v upon_o they_o but_o also_o learn_v in_o what_o condition_n the_o empire_n be_v after_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o say_v westphalian_a treaty_n first_o then_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o imperialist_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n five_o million_o of_o gold_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n one_o three_o part_n whereof_o be_v afterward_o lay_v out_o in_o pay_v off_o and_o disband_v some_o of_o the_o swedish_n force_n another_o be_v give_v away_o in_o reward_n to_o such_o officer_n as_o have_v show_v their_o gallantry_n in_o the_o war_n and_o the_o three_o be_v dispose_v of_o in_o liberality_n by_o the_o queen_n beside_o this_o money_n the_o empire_n quit_v and_o annex_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n all_o the_o hither_o pomeren_fw-mi with_o the_o island_n and_o principality_n of_o rugen_n the_o city_n of_o stetin_n gart_n dam_n holnau_n the_o isle_n of_o wollin_n the_o river_n oder_fw-ge and_o the_o part_n of_o frischehaff_n the_o collation_n of_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n challenge_v before_o the_o treaty_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o camin_n with_o the_o reversion_n of_o that_o bishopric_n nay_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o pomerania_n and_o the_o new_a marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o case_n the_o heir_n male_a of_o that_o family_n shall_v happen_v to_o fail_v add_v to_o these_o wismar_n a_o strong_a port-town_n on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o fortress_n of_o walfisch_n the_o bailiwic_n of_o poel_n and_o neucloster_n and_o last_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o werden_n both_o convert_v into_o dukedom_n together_o with_o the_o city_n and_o bailiwic_n of_o wilshausen_n so_o that_o by_o that_o treaty_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n get_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o bremen_n werden_n and_o pomeren_n prince_n of_o rugen_n and_o lord_n of_o wismar_n and_o in_o all_o these_o land_n and_o territory_n have_v supreme_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o erect_a university_n set_v impost_n upon_o all_o commodity_n either_o export_v or_o import_v and_o the_o like_a pay_v only_o to_o the_o emperor_n a_o small_a homage_n as_o be_v do_v by_o other_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n ii_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o successor_n for_o ever_o be_v give_v by_o the_o same_o treaty_n the_o city_n and_o bishopric_n of_o metz_n toul_n and_o verdun_n with_o moyenvic_n pignerol_n brisac_n the_o landtgravedom_n of_o alsatia_n the_o bailiwic_n of_o haguenau_n and_o the_o fortress_n of_o philipsburg_n by_o this_o bargain_n the_o french_a be_v great_a gainer_n and_o the_o emperor_n lose_v not_o much_o the_o former_a beside_o the_o considerable_a enlargement_n of_o their_o territory_n cut_v off_o all_o possibility_n of_o the_o spaniard_n unite_n his_o italian_a force_n with_o those_o in_o the_o low_a country_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v do_v as_o long_o as_o alsace_n and_o lorain_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n the_o late_a by_o give_v up_o his_o right_n in_o alsace_n make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hereditary_a to_o his_o house_n and_o therefore_o catch_v as_o much_o with_o one_o hand_n as_o he_o lose_v on_o the_o other_o what_o the_o acquisition_n or_o loss_n of_o particular_a prince_n be_v we_o shall_v take_v occasion_n to_o show_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o several_a principality_n which_o they_o now_o possess_v we_o see_v into_o what_o condition_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n be_v bring_v by_o engage_v himself_o in_o a_o civil_a war_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o empire_n estate_n present_a estate_n how_o much_o of_o his_o dominion_n be_v snatch_v away_o by_o the_o swede_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o french_a on_o the_o other_o this_o be_v the_o posture_n of_o the_o german_a affair_n till_o the_o late_a war_n with_o france_n and_o sweden_n alter_v the_o scene_n for_o the_o french_a enlarge_v their_o conquest_n in_o the_o german_a territory_n and_o the_o swede_n lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dominion_n which_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n have_v make_v they_o master_n of_o and_o more_o they_o have_v part_v with_o if_o the_o overgrow_a power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o french_a king_n have_v not_o force_v the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o resign_v a_o great_a many_o place_n which_o he_o have_v brave_o win_v how_o matter_n will_v at_o last_o be_v adjust_v between_o france_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v hard_o to_o determine_v since_o the_o french_a king_n lay_v claim_v daily_o to_o some_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n in_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n however_o strasburg_n be_v still_o reckon_v the_o imperial_a bulwark_n against_o the_o french_a fury_n as_o it_o have_v always_o be_v esteem_v notwithstanding_o the_o pretension_n of_o their_o king_n to_o several_a right_n of_o this_o city_n and_o as_o the_o empire_n seem_v secure_v from_o any_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o the_o french_a by_o strasburgh_n so_o it_o be_v from_o all_o invasion_n of_o the_o turk_n by_o vienna_n of_o the_o polander_n by_o wratislaw_n of_o the_o dane_n by_o hamburgh_n and_o lubeck_n and_o of_o the_o hollander_n by_o colln_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a fear_n of_o be_v injure_v by_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n if_o all_o the_o german_a prince_n will_v unanimous_o join_v hand_n in_o defend_v the_o strong_a hold_n and_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o that_o empire_n whereof_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v member_n but_o as_o long_o as_o each_o petty_a prince_n be_v only_o solicitous_a about_o the_o enlargement_n of_o his_o own_o small_a demesne_n and_o the_o strong_a permit_v to_o annex_v as_o much_o of_o their_o neighbour_n territory_n to_o their_o own_o as_o they_o can_v lay_v their_o hand_n on_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o be_v destroy_v by_o its_o own_o member_n the_o elector_n indeed_o and_o all_o the_o other_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n pay_v some_o small_a homage_n and_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o emperor_n but_o all_o the_o while_n exercise_n as_o absolute_a a_o monarchical_a dominion_n in_o their_o several_a principality_n as_o the_o emperor_n himself_o do_v in_o austria_n or_o bohemia_n so_o that_o germany_n be_v not_o real_o a_o nation_n subject_n to_o one_o supreme_a head_n and_o governor_n but_o a_o combination_n of_o several_a little_a commonwealth_n and_o kingdom_n who_o general_a inteterest_n consist_v in_o maintain_v a_o inviolable_a confefederacy_n among_o themselves_o and_o a_o unanimous_a desire_n to_o secure_v rather_o than_o enlarge_v their_o dominion_n in_o a_o word_n the_o foreign_a interest_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o speak_v in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o incomparable_a sir_n william_n temple_n be_v the_o defence_n of_o the_o eastern_a part_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o western_a circle_n against_o the_o growth_n of_o france_n the_o domestic_a be_v the_o limit_a constitution_n of_o the_o imperial_a power_n and_o the_o balance_n of_o the_o several_a free_a prince_n and_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o hans-town_n before_o we_o come_v to_o a_o particular_a description_n of_o hamburgh_n and_o other_o great_a city_n on_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o premise_v something_o of_o the_o hans-town_n in_o general_a that_o the_o reader_n may_v the_o better_o understand_v what_o we_o mean_v by_o that_o word_n when_o he_o shall_v meet_v with_o it_o in_o the_o follow_a sheet_n by_o hans-town_n then_o the_o german_a writer_n understand_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o great_a city_n all_o along_o the_o seashore_n from_o the_o finnic_a bay_n down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o several_a age_n ago_o enter_v into_o a_o solemn_a confederacy_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o better_a security_n of_o their_o territory_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o any_o foreign_a enemy_n in_o what_o year_n this_o league_n be_v make_v confederate_a when_o foâ—â—_n confederate_a be_v not_o certain_o know_v and_o chytreus_n who_o be_v as_o diligent_a and_o curious_a in_o inquire_v after_o these_o kind_n of_o antiquity_n as_o any_o historian_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n tell_v we_o that_o very_o few_o of_o the_o old_a record_n he_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o any_o of_o the_o hans-town_n can_v give_v he_o the_o least_o hint_n of_o the_o year_n when_o they_o be_v admit_v into_o that_o number_n however_o he_o guess_v the_o society_n be_v first_o institute_v a_o little_a before_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n ii_o about_o the_o year_n 1200._o and_o the_o noble_a historian_n thuanus_n embrace_v his_o opinion_n in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o most_o other_o particular_n of_o the_o german_a history_n which_o he_o meddle_v with_o john_n angelius_n werdenhagen_n a_o impertinent_a author_n who_o have_v scribble_v four_a
that_o great_a conqueror_n from_o his_o loin_n after_o several_a generation_n descend_v billiengus_n a_o potent_a king_n of_o the_o vandal_n who_o mother_n say_v some_o be_v charles_n the_o great_a be_v sister_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o after_o his_o own_o conversion_n bring_v in_o the_o profession_n of_o christianity_n into_o mecklenburg_n though_o afterward_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o his_o son_n micislaus_n both_o himself_o and_o all_o his_o subject_n turn_v apostate_n the_o next_o famous_a prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v gottschalck_n surname_v the_o godly_a who_o will_v often_o himself_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o preach_v christianity_n to_o his_o subject_n by_o who_o he_o be_v at_o last_o for_o his_o religion_n murder_v in_o the_o year_n 1066._o from_o he_o descend_v among_o many_o other_o henry_n ii_o who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1228_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n nicolot_n and_o john_n from_o the_o former_a of_o these_o spring_v all_o the_o succeed_a prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n until_o william_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o that_o line_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1430._o from_o the_o late_a surname_v knese_n janko_n or_o john_n the_o divine_a because_o he_o have_v take_v a_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n be_v degree_n in_o the_o university_n at_o paris_n be_v descend_v the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n this_o john_n leave_v behind_o he_o henry_n who_o be_v six_o and_o twenty_o year_n keep_v prisoner_n by_o the_o turk_n father_n to_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n who_o two_o son_n albert_n and_o john_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o create_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o the_o year_n 1349._o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v though_o i_o find_v this_o construction_n put_v upon_o it_o by_o several_a of_o the_o modern_a german_a historian_n as_o if_o these_o two_o prince_n before_o charles_n creation_n have_v be_v only_o ordinary_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o by_o the_o emperor_n advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o prince_n or_o duke_n for_o from_o he_o they_o receive_v no_o more_o than_o a_o admission_n into_o the_o number_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n under_o who_o protection_n they_o be_v brougth_n by_o make_v themselves_o member_n thereof_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v be_v subject_a to_o its_o law_n and_o contribute_v to_o its_o necessity_n albert_n elder_a son_n albert_n ii_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o sweden_n and_o not_o long_o after_o take_v prisoner_n by_o margaret_n queen_n of_o denmark_n by_o who_o after_o several_a year_n imprisonment_n he_o be_v at_o last_o release_v upon_o the_o payment_n of_o a_o vast_a ransom_n so_o that_o the_o management_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o brother_n magnus_n a_o prince_n that_o if_o we_o believe_v chytraeus_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n have_v give_v he_o a_o noble_a character_n be_v nomine_fw-la &_o re_fw-la magnus_fw-la endow_v with_o all_o the_o excellent_a quality_n that_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v a_o brave_a prince_n his_o son_n john_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o dukedom_n found_v the_o university_n at_o rostock_n in_o the_o year_n 1419._o this_o duke_n successor_n henry_n the_o fat_a and_o magnus_n ii_o founder_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o rostock_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o william_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o vandal_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o magnus_n and_o his_o son_n albert_n ii_o the_o dukedom_n come_v to_o his_o grandchild_n john_n albert_n in_o the_o year_n 1547_o who_o first_o bring_v in_o the_o lutheran_n confession_n into_o his_o dominion_n by_o demolish_n popish_a abbey_n and_o convert_v their_o revenue_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o university_n at_o rostock_n his_o son_n john_n iii_o who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1592._o leave_v two_o son_n the_o elder_a be_v adolph_n frideric_n who_o marry_v ann-mary_n countess_n of_o east_n friesland_n by_o who_o among_o other_o child_n he_o have_v christian-ludowic_a the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg-swerin_a his_o young_a son_n be_v gustavus_n adolphus_n who_o seat_v himself_o at_o gustrow_n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n in_o germany_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v overrun_v by_o the_o imperial_a army_n and_o the_o dukedom_n confer_v upon_o their_o ambitious_a and_o at_o last_o unfortunate_a general_n albrecht_n duke_n of_o friedland_n however_o within_o a_o little_a while_n after_o the_o two_o duke_n adolph_n frideric_n and_o john_n albrecht_n be_v reinstate_v in_o their_o dominion_n by_o gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n their_o kinsman_n for_o a_o character_n of_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n the_o reader_n may_v have_v recourse_n to_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o swerin_n and_o gustrow_n the_o place_n of_o their_o residence_n the_o strength_n of_o these_o prince_n will_v be_v considerable_a enough_o strength_n militâ—â—â—_n strength_n sufficient_a to_o secure_v their_o own_o territory_n and_o keep_v their_o neighbour_n in_o awe_n if_o firm_o unite_v their_o equal_a pretension_n to_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o city_n and_o university_n at_o rostock_n do_v former_o occasion_v some_o animosity_n between_o the_o two_o house_n but_o this_o quarrel_n have_v for_o some_o year_n last_o pass_v be_v quite_o lay_v aside_o and_o now_o a_o difference_n in_o religion_n the_o duke_n of_o swerin_n be_v a_o romanist_n and_o he_o of_o gustrow_n a_o lutheran_n be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o their_o mutual_a fear_n and_o jealousy_n heretofore_o they_o think_v it_o their_o chief_a interest_n to_o adhere_v to_o the_o swede_n and_o secure_v themselves_o under_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o potent_a king_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o when_o after_o the_o many_o conquest_n of_o the_o brave_a gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o power_n of_o those_o prince_n grow_v so_o formidable_a as_o to_o threaten_v a_o universal_a slavery_n to_o their_o neighbour_n round_o about_o they_o rather_o than_o the_o defence_n of_o any_o of_o their_o liberty_n the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o relinquish_v that_o party_n and_o join_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o branburger_n in_o oppose_v their_o common_a enemy_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n they_o see_v wismar_n rend_v out_o of_o their_o hand_n without_o any_o probability_n of_o be_v ever_o recover_v and_o they_o have_v reason_n to_o fear_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjoin_a country_n will_v follow_v it_o if_o their_o ruin_n be_v not_o timely_o prevent_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o new_a ally_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o mecklenburg_n so_o much_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o two_o duke_n which_o bear_v that_o title_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o these_o six_o part_n territry_n territry_n the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o vandalia_n the_o earldom_n of_o swerin_n the_o barony_n of_o rostock_n and_o stargard_n and_o the_o bishopric_n of_o butzow_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n be_v reckon_v the_o city_n of_o wismar_n to_o which_o be_v the_o neighbour_a island_n poel_n tempsin_n gades_n rhena_n and_o bucow_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o vandalia_n gustrow_n sterneberg_n malchin_n stavenhagen_n ivenack_n neu-calven_n warin_n pentzlin_n rebel_n wredenhagen_n malchau_n tetrou_n goltberg_n parchum_n plague_n lupsian_a grabou_n domitz_n neu-statt_a eldenau_n and_o gorlosen_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o rostock_n the_o city_n of_o rostock_n ribnitz_n gnoien_n tessin_n laga_n schwan_n salines_n and_o morlou_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o stargard_n brandeburg_n stargard_n furstenburg_n strelitz_n mirow_n fredland_n and_o wesenberg_n and_o last_o in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o butzow_n the_o city_n of_o butzow_n and_o the_o peninsula_n of_o swerin_n the_o most_o considerable_a city_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n i._o lubec_n lubec_n lubec_n this_o city_n be_v indeed_o situate_a in_o wagerland_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n some_o short_a account_n of_o it_o in_o the_o description_n of_o denmark_n but_o because_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o a_o imperial_a city_n whole_o independent_a upon_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n and_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n we_o have_v reserve_v a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o it_o for_o this_o place_n and_o it_o can_v so_o proper_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o particular_a province_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o although_o the_o citizen_n of_o lubec_n do_v not_o pay_v any_o manner_n of_o tribute_n or_o homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o mecklenburg_n yet_o it_o may_v perhaps_o as_o just_o be_v reckon_v part_n of_o that_o dukedom_n as_o bremen_n which_o never_o yet_o acknowledge_v any_o subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n may_v be_v esteem_v part_n of_o that_o principality_n which_o now_o bear_v
they_o in_o the_o year_n 1648_o which_o have_v not_o since_o be_v rebuilt_a however_o the_o place_n be_v still_o beautify_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n college_n and_o town-hall_n and_o the_o street_n especial_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v in_o a_o exact_a square_n be_v general_o neat_a and_o uniform_a oelsse_a have_v ancient_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n conrade_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o year_n 1492._o the_o dukedom_n be_v give_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o in_o this_o principality_n be_v reckon_v the_o small_a city_n of_o bernstatt_n festenberg_n kunstatt_n stroppen_n mosebahr_n hundsfeld_n and_o trebnitz_n vi_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o breslaw_n breslaw_n or_o wratislavia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o silesia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o wratislaus_n a_o bohemian_a prince_n its_o first_o founder_n whence_o the_o citizen_n bear_v a_o great_a w_n in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n other_o and_o ohla_n in_o a_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a country_n towards_o the_o north_n indeed_o there_o be_v some_o marsh_n and_o moist_a field_n whence_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o unwholesome_a gale_n send_v into_o the_o town_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v build_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o great_a pond_n dry_v up_o the_o citizen_n who_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a traffic_n with_o the_o hungarian_n bohemian_o polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o resort_v hither_o be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o neat_a and_o gentile_a in_o their_o clothes_n and_o cookery_n as_o any_o other_o of_o the_o emperor_n subject_n whatever_o breslawer_n love_v to_o be_v esteem_v immediate_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o bear_v the_o spread_a eagle_n in_o their_o escutcheon_n and_o that_o they_o petition_v charles_n v._o to_o confirm_v their_o privilege_n for_o this_o reason_n m._n boregius_n a_o breslaw_a who_o write_v a_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n rank_n breslaw_n among_o the_o imperial_a city_n but_o never_o mention_v it_o with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n town_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v former_o subject_n to_o that_o prince_n this_o goldastus_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bchemia_n evident_o prove_v notwithstanding_o what_o be_v usual_o allege_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o the_o contrary_a by_o some_o ignorant_a and_o silly_a historian_n that_o it_o be_v once_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n be_v fair_a and_o stately_a only_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o stand_v four_o old_a fashion_a fabric_n with_o turret_n on_o the_o top_n which_o the_o antiquary_n of_o this_o place_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o so_o many_o schwabish_a prince_n who_o in_o former_a day_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o city_n beside_o the_o vast_a traffic_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o bishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n wherein_o have_v be_v breed_v many_o learned_a man_n and_o some_o great_a writer_n the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n who_o have_v ancient_o the_o epiphet_n or_o title_n of_o golden_a give_v they_o from_o their_o vast_a revenue_n be_v put_v in_o by_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o they_o acknowledge_v their_o supreme_a head_n at_o least_o in_o temporal_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v no_o power_n to_o promote_v a_o stranger_n to_o any_o bishopric_n in_o silesia_n so_o that_o a_o bohemian_a be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o be_v advance_v to_o one_o of_o their_o diocese_n then_o a_o silesian_n be_v of_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o prague_n but_o how_o false_a this_o report_n be_v historian_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o boleslaus_n dukedom_n dukedom_n surname_v the_o long_a a_o polish_v prince_n be_v create_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o breslaw_n and_o lignitz_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o but_o these_o kind_n of_o petty_a prince_n not_o be_v able_a to_o secure_v their_o territory_n and_o especial_o this_o large_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o be_v a_o bait_n sufficient_a to_o tempt_v the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n be_v force_v to_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n or_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o who_o they_o be_v now_o immediate_o subject_a vii_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n lignitz_n a_o fair_a city_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n call_v katsbach_n be_v think_v to_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lygii_n city_n city_n a_o german_a people_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o silesia_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1170_o this_o town_n be_v much_o enlarge_v beautify_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o long_a the_o first_o duke_n of_o lignitz_n after_o he_o duke_n frideric_n the_o second_o so_o far_o improve_v his_o predecessor_n boleslaus_n undertake_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1532_o it_o become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fortify_v city_n next_o to_o breslaw_n in_o all_o silesia_n thing_n best_o worth_a see_v in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o hospital_n the_o town-hall_n and_o castle_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o best_a corn-country_n in_o silesia_n dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o afford_v near_o as_o great_a plenty_n of_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n especial_o the_o white_a sort_n which_o be_v here_o more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o any_o other_o province_n the_o whole_a be_v common_o subdivide_v into_o seven_o circle_n whereof_o four_o have_v name_n from_o the_o four_o city_n of_o luben_n parchwitz_n hayn_n and_o goldberg_n and_o the_o other_o three_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o barren_a or_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n viii_o the_o ducal_z city_n of_o jawer_n schweidnitz_n brieg_n monsterberg_n and_o oppelen_n the_o city_n of_o jawer_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n jawer_n jawer_n though_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o rugged_a crag_n and_o mountain_n which_o separate_a silesia_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n it_o have_v not_o the_o advantage_n of_o any_o river_n near_o it_o so_o that_o all_o the_o fortification_n it_o have_v be_v high_a rampire_n and_o deep_a ditch_n there_o be_v little_a of_o note_n in_o the_o town_n but_o the_o church_n burn_v down_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n a._n d._n 1648._o but_o rebuilt_a more_o stately_a than_o before_o and_o the_o castle_n wherein_o reside_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n of_o jawer_n and_o schweidnitz_n the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o king_n of_o bohemia_n marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o henry_n ii_o duke_n of_o javer_n who_o with_o his_o brother_n bolco_n duke_n of_o schweidnitz_n die_v without_o issue_n whereupon_o these_o two_o dukedom_n be_v more_o immediate_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o hand_n they_o still_o remain_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n belong_v the_o town_n of_o buntzlau_n lemberg_n schonau_n greiffenberg_n lahn_n fridberg_n lubenthal_n schmideberg_n naumburg_n upon_o the_o queiss_n kupfferberg_n and_o hirschberg_n 2._o schweidnitz_n or_o schweinnitz_n schweidnitz_n schweidnitz_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o great_a herd_n of_o wild_a swine_n which_o be_v harbour_v in_o this_o place_n before_o the_o forest_n be_v cut_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1070._o whence_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n be_v a_o wild_a boar._n it_o be_v afterward_o much_o enlarge_v by_o boleslaus_n i._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o beautify_v it_o with_o several_a fair_a building_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o fine_a city_n in_o silesia_n the_o most_o remarkable_a sight_n in_o the_o town_n next_o to_o the_o church_n and_o other_o public_a building_n be_v the_o great_a gun_n in_o the_o armoury_n which_o carry_v a_o bullet_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n weight_n this_o be_v by_o schickfusius_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o curaeus_n chronicle_n of_o silesia_n very_o improper_o reckon_v among_o the_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a blessing_n which_o the_o almighty_a have_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v on_o some_o of_o the_o city_n in_o silesia_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n be_v the_o town_n of_o strigau_n memorable_a as_o we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v
schweinfurt_n which_o some_o geographer_n bring_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o principality_n schmalcad_n be_v once_o a_o part_n of_o this_o principality_n but_o be_v not_o esteem_v so_o now_o principatus_fw-la hennenbergensis_n comitatus_n wertheimici_n finitimarumqve_fw-la regionum_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la exacta_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o wertheim_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o tauber_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o main_a be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n in_o a_o fruitful_a soil_n and_o good_a air_n the_o citizen_n who_o chief_a trade_n be_v in_o make_v wine_n live_v former_o in_o good_a credit_n till_o upon_o some_o disagreement_n between_o they_o and_o their_o earl_n who_o endeavour_v to_o reestablish_v popery_n in_o the_o town_n they_o be_v bring_v to_o so_o great_a poverty_n and_o strait_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o they_o have_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o recruit_v themselves_o to_o this_o day_n however_o they_o still_o stick_v close_o to_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n and_o be_v zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o saint_n luther_n the_o county_n of_o wertheim_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a francia_n orientalis_n as_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o river_n main_a be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o wurtzburg_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o county_n of_o hohenloe_n and_o the_o palatinate_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o silua_fw-la ottonica_fw-la and_o on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o large_a forest_n of_o speshart_n this_o province_n afford_v much_o more_o plenty_n of_o corn_n than_o the_o territory_n about_o francfurt_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o way_n inferior_a to_o those_o for_o the_o goodness_n of_o its_o wine_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v here_o good_a store_n of_o meadow_n and_o pasture-ground_n for_o cattle_n which_o bring_v in_o yearly_a as_o great_a revenue_n as_o their_o best_a vineyard_n they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o wild_a fowl_n and_o be_v cloy_v with_o venison_n among_o the_o several_a village_n that_o have_v dependence_n upon_o the_o city_n of_o wertheim_n niclashausen_n niclashausen_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v niclashausen_n famous_a for_o the_o birth_n and_o education_n of_o one_o john_n behaim_n who_o be_v burn_v for_o a_o heretic_n at_o wurtzburg_n a._n d._n 1476._o the_o occasion_n whereof_o be_v this_o the_o poor_a boar_n be_v melancholy_a and_o crack-brained_a fancy_v daily_o that_o he_o see_v in_o his_o melancholy_n and_o dumpish_a fit_n strange_a and_o terrible_a apparition_n one_o time_n the_o virgin_n marry_o forsooth_o among_o his_o other_o spiritual_a guest_n give_v he_o a_o visit_n and_o grow_v so_o familiar_a as_o to_o communicate_v to_o he_o several_a deep_a intrigue_n and_o secret_n the_o choice_a whereof_o be_v that_o there_o lie_v no_o obligation_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o burgher_n of_o wertheim_n to_o show_v any_o manner_n of_o respect_n to_o their_o earl_n or_o inferior_a magistrate_n but_o that_o they_o be_v all_o as_o free_v and_o boundless_a as_o the_o river_n that_o water_v their_o country_n this_o be_v a_o plausible_a doctrine_n in_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o commonalty_n and_o need_v but_o little_a divine_a revelation_n to_o authorise_v it_o so_o that_o behaim_n have_v present_o more_o proselyte_n than_o all_o the_o preacher_n in_o the_o country_n and_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n have_v pervert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n have_v he_o not_o early_o be_v overpower_v and_o prevent_v by_o the_o bishop_n force_n erpach_n norimberg_n hanaw_n etc._n etc._n be_v purposely_o omit_v in_o this_o place_n though_o part_n of_o franconia_n as_o be_v reserve_v for_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o germany_n the_o county_n palatinate_n of_o the_o rhine_n die_v pfaltz_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a german_a word_n for_o this_o county_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o palatium_n name_n name_n whereof_o palatinus_n be_v only_o a_o adjective_n possessive_a now_o how_o palatium_n shall_v be_v a_o name_n give_v to_o a_o county_n or_o palatinus_n to_o a_o earl_n we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n treat_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a nobility_n in_o the_o general_n description_n of_o germany_n there_o be_v only_o at_o this_o day_n two_o county_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n which_o be_v usual_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o counties_n palatinate_n whereof_o one_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bavaria_n and_o shall_v be_v treat_v of_o elsewhere_o about_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o year_n ago_o bound_n bound_n very_o little_a of_o the_o country_n about_o huydelberg_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n but_o most_o of_o the_o city_n in_o this_o neighbourhood_n be_v either_o imperial_a or_o subject_a to_o some_o other_o prince_n than_o the_o count_v palatine_n who_o be_v now_o by_o marriage_n conquest_n or_o purchase_n master_n of_o the_o land_n before_o the_o bohemian_a war_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o frideric_n count_n palatine_n and_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n the_o territory_n and_o revenue_n of_o this_o prince_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o make_v he_o more_o formidable_a than_o any_o of_o the_o other_o elector_n but_o such_o be_v his_o misfortune_n in_o those_o bloody_a engagement_n that_o he_o lose_v both_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n which_o he_o contend_v for_o and_o also_o all_o his_o own_o hereditary_a dignity_n and_o estate_n the_o upper_a palatinate_n be_v seize_v on_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o the_o low_a conquer_a and_o subdue_v by_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o late_a count_n charles-ludowic_a son_n to_o the_o unfortunate_a king_n of_o bohemia_n be_v restore_v to_o some_o part_n of_o his_o father_n dominion_n in_o the_o low_a palatinate_n but_o these_o be_v of_o no_o great_a extent_n and_o be_v still_o like_a to_o be_v lessen_v by_o the_o daily_a encroachment_n of_o the_o french_a king_n this_o country_n be_v much_o the_o pleasant_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n soil_n soil_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o great_a wonder_n that_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n have_v in_o all_o age_n watch_v a_o opportunity_n of_o get_v it_o into_o their_o clutch_n the_o hill_n be_v cover_v with_o vine_n which_o yield_v that_o rich_a liquor_n know_v all_o europe_n over_o by_o the_o name_n of_o rhenish_a wine_n the_o plain_n and_o valley_n afford_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n and_o fruit_n and_o the_o forest_n be_v plentiful_o stock_v with_o deer_n and_o other_o game_n the_o rhine_n pass_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o county_n give_v a_o fair_a advantage_n of_o export_v the_o commodity_n of_o this_o and_o import_v those_o of_o foreign_a nation_n the_o river_n rhine_n and_o neccar_n have_v store_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hill_n want_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n that_o part_n of_o the_o low_a palatinate_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v first_o conquer_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o french_a of_o who_o kingdom_n it_o be_v a_o part_n but_o more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o moselle_n afterward_o when_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lorraine_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v betwixt_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n this_o territory_n become_v a_o share_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n but_o be_v still_o possess_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o moselle_n as_o before_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o that_o family_n it_o fall_v under_o the_o more_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o for_o many_o good_a office_n do_v they_o be_v please_v to_o bestow_v it_o on_o the_o elector_n palatine_a by_o the_o same_o mean_n they_o become_v master_n of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o country_n on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o extirpation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o schwaben_n the_o present_a elector_n palatine_n be_v count_n charles_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o who_o be_v bear_v on_o the_o last_o day_n of_o may_n in_o the_o year_n 1651_o and_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o electorate_v upon_o the_o late_a death_n of_o his_o father_n charles-ludowic_a a._n d._n 1680._o he_o be_v a_o pious_a and_o learned_a prince_n and_o tread_v much_o in_o the_o step_n of_o his_o father_n who_o possible_o be_v consider_v the_o trouble_n he_o have_v undergo_v as_o learned_a a_o prince_n as_o europe_n afford_v in_o his_o time_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n ancestor_n be_v say_v to_o have_v amount_v to_o 100000_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a nor_o can_v we_o well_o imagine_v they_o to_o have_v be_v less_o when_o only_o the_o silver_n mine_n about_o amberg_n in_o the_o upper_a palatinate_n yield_v 60000_o crown_n a_o year_n and_o the_o passage_n over_o one_o bridge_n across_o the_o rhine_n bring_v in_o 20000_o more_o to_o which_o if_o
light-horse_n as_o the_o king_n think_v fit_a and_o pay_v in_o yearly_a such_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n into_o the_o treasury_n but_o these_o be_v neither_o so_o numerous_a nor_o large_a as_o before_o the_o alteration_n of_o government_n in_o the_o year_n 1660._o again_o out_o of_o the_o nobility_n be_v choose_v all_o the_o court-officer_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v 1._o court-officer_n court-officer_n the_o chancellor_n 2._o the_o admiral_n who_o take_v care_n of_o the_o building_n and_o repair_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n he_o have_v under_o he_o a_o vice-admiral_n who_o act_v by_o his_o commission_n 3._o the_o marshal_n who_o provide_v necessary_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o dispatch_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n 4._o the_o treasurer_n who_o receive_v in_o and_z gives_z acquittance_n for_o all_o sum_n pay_v into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n he_o have_v under_o he_o two_o secretary_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o 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