god_n make_v king_n for_o the_o people_n and_o not_o people_n for_o king_n how_o shall_v i_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o domineer_a of_o proud_a and_o insolent_a stranger_n that_o speak_v another_o language_n that_o scorn_v we_o that_o seek_v to_o make_v we_o slave_n or_o how_o shall_v i_o avoid_v the_o destruction_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o the_o cruelty_n of_o faction_n in_o a_o civil_a war_n unless_o the_o king_n to_o who_o alone_o you_o say_v belong_v the_o right_a of_o levy_v and_o dispose_v of_o the_o militia_n by_o which_o only_o it_o can_v be_v prevent_v have_v ready_a money_n upon_o all_o occasion_n to_o arm_n and_o pay_v as_o many_o soldier_n as_o for_o the_o present_a defence_n or_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v necessary_a shall_v not_o i_o and_o you_o and_o every_o man_n be_v undo_v tell_v i_o not_o of_o a_o parliament_n when_o there_o be_v no_o parliament_n sit_v or_o perhaps_o none_o in_o be_v which_o may_v often_o happen_v and_o when_o there_o be_v a_o parliament_n if_o the_o speak_n and_o lead_v man_n shall_v have_v a_o design_n to_o put_v down_o monarchy_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o parliament_n which_o begin_v to_o sit_v nou._n 3._o 1640._o shall_v the_o king_n who_o be_v to_o answer_v to_o god_n almighty_a for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o that_o end_n be_v entrust_v with_o the_o power_n to_o levy_v and_o dispose_v of_o the_o soldiery_n be_v disable_v to_o perform_v his_o office_n by_o virtue_n of_o these_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o you_o have_v cite_v if_o this_o be_v reason_n it_o be_v reason_n also_o that_o the_o people_n be_v abandon_v or_o leave_v at_o liberty_n to_o kill_v one_o another_o even_o to_o the_o last_o man_n if_o it_o be_v not_o reason_n than_o you_o have_v grant_v it_o be_v not_o law_n la._n it_o be_v true_a if_o you_o mean_v recta_fw-la ratio_fw-la but_o recta_fw-la ratio_fw-la which_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v law_n as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v 1_o inst._n sect._n 138._o be_v a_o artificial_a perfection_n of_o reason_n get_v by_o long_a study_n observation_n and_o experience_n and_o not_o every_o man_n natural_a reason_n for_o nemo_fw-la nascitur_fw-la artifex_n this_o legal_a reason_n be_v summa_fw-la ratio_fw-la and_o therefore_o if_o all_o the_o reason_n that_o be_v disperse_v into_o so_o many_o several_a head_n be_v unite_v into_o one_o yet_o can_v he_o not_o make_v such_o a_o law_n as_o the_o law_n of_o england_n be_v because_o by_o many_o succession_n of_o age_n it_o have_v be_v fine_v and_o refined_a by_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o grave_a and_o learned_a men._n and_o this_o be_v it_o he_o call_v the_o common-law_n ph._n do_v you_o think_v this_o to_o be_v good_a doctrine_n though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o no_o man_n be_v bear_v with_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n yet_o all_o man_n may_v grow_v up_o to_o it_o as_o well_o as_o lawyer_n and_o when_o they_o have_v apply_v their_o reason_n to_o the_o law_n which_o be_v law_n before_o they_o study_v they_o or_o else_o it_o be_v not_o law_n they_o study_a may_v be_v as_o fit_v for_o and_o capable_a of_o judicature_n as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n himself_o who_o whether_o he_o have_v more_o or_o less_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v not_o thereby_o a_o judge_n but_o because_o the_o king_n make_v he_o so_o and_o whereas_o he_o say_v that_o a_o man_n who_o shall_v have_v as_o much_o reason_n as_o be_v disperse_v in_o so_o many_o several_a head_n can_v not_o make_v such_o a_o law_n as_o this_o law_n of_o england_n be_v if_o one_o shall_v ask_v he_o who_o make_v the_o law_n of_o england_n will_v he_o say_v a_o succession_n of_o english_a lawyer_n or_o judge_n make_v it_o or_o rather_o a_o succession_n of_o king_n and_o that_o upon_o their_o own_o reason_n either_o sole_o or_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n without_o the_o judge_n or_o other_o professor_n of_o the_o law_n you_o see_v therefore_o that_o the_o king_n reason_n be_v it_o more_o or_o less_o be_v that_o anima_fw-la legis_fw-la that_o summa_fw-la lex_fw-la whereof_o sir_n edw._n coke_n speak_v and_o not_o the_o reason_n learning_n or_o wisdom_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o you_o may_v see_v that_o quite_o through_o his_o institutes_n of_o law_n he_o often_o take_v occasion_n to_o magnify_v the_o learning_n of_o the_o lawyer_n who_o he_o perpetual_o term_v the_o sage_n of_o the_o parliament_n or_o of_o the_o king_n council_n therefore_o unless_o you_o say_v otherwise_o i_o say_v that_o the_o king_n reason_n when_o it_o be_v public_o upon_o advice_n and_o deliberation_n declare_v be_v that_o anima_fw-la legis_fw-la and_o that_o summa_fw-la ratio_fw-la and_o that_o equity_n which_o all_o agree_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n be_v all_o that_o be_v or_o ever_o be_v law_n in_o england_n since_o it_o become_v christian_n beside_o the_o bible_n la._n be_v not_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n as_o also_o the_o imperial_a law_n use_v in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o particular_a place_n and_o the_o by-law_n of_o corporation_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n ph._n why_o not_o for_o they_o be_v all_o constitute_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o though_o the_o civil_a law_n use_v in_o the_o admiralty_n be_v at_o first_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n yet_o because_o they_o be_v in_o force_n by_o no_o other_o authority_n than_o that_o of_o the_o king_n they_o be_v now_o the_o king_n law_n and_o the_o king_n statute_n the_o same_o we_o may_v say_v of_o the_o canon_n such_o of_o they_o as_o we_o have_v retain_v make_v by_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v be_v no_o law_n nor_o of_o any_o force_n in_o england_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n la._n in_o the_o say_a statute_n that_o restrain_v the_o levy_v of_o money_n without_o consent_n of_o parliament_n be_v there_o any_o thing_n you_o can_v take_v exception_n to_o ph._n no_o i_o be_o satisfy_v that_o the_o king_n that_o grant_v such_o liberty_n be_v bind_v to_o make_v they_o good_a so_o far_o as_o it_o may_v be_v do_v without_o sin_n but_o if_o a_o king_n find_v that_o by_o such_o a_o grant_v he_o be_v disable_v to_o protect_v his_o subject_n if_o he_o maintain_v his_o grant_n he_o sin_n and_o therefore_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o the_o say_a grant_n for_o such_o grant_v as_o by_o error_n or_o false_a suggestion_n be_v get_v from_o he_o be_v as_o the_o lawyer_n do_v confess_v void_a and_o of_o no_o effect_n and_o aught_o to_o be_v recall_v also_o the_o king_n as_o be_v on_o all_o hand_n confess_v have_v the_o charge_n lie_v upon_o he_o to_o protect_v his_o people_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n betwixt_o they_o within_o the_o kingdom_n if_o he_o do_v not_o his_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o discharge_v himself_o thereof_o he_o commit_v a_o sin_n which_o neither_o king_n nor_o parliament_n can_v lawful_o commit_v la._n no_o man_n i_o think_v will_v deny_v this_o for_o if_o levy_v of_o money_n be_v necessary_a it_o be_v a_o sin_n in_o the_o parliament_n to_o refuse_v if_o unnecessary_a it_o be_v a_o sin_n both_o in_o king_n and_o parliament_n to_o levy_v but_o for_o all_o that_o it_o may_v be_v and_o i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o sin_n in_o any_o one_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v he_o one_o man_n or_o one_o assembly_n be_v entrust_v with_o the_o safety_n of_o a_o whole_a nation_n if_o rash_o and_o rely_v upon_o his_o own_o natural_a sufficiency_n he_o make_v war_n or_o peace_n without_o consult_v with_o such_o as_o by_o their_o experience_n and_o employment_n abroad_o and_o intelligence_n by_o letter_n or_o other_o mean_n have_v get_v the_o knowledge_n in_o some_o measure_n of_o the_o strength_n advantage_n and_o design_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o the_o manner_n and_o degree_n of_o the_o danger_n that_o may_v from_o thence_o arise_v in_o like_a manner_n in_o case_n of_o rebellion_n at_o home_n if_o he_o consult_v not_o with_o of_o military_a condition_n which_o if_o he_o do_v than_o i_o think_v he_o may_v lawful_o proceed_v to_o subdue_v all_o such_o enemy_n and_o rebel_n and_o that_o the_o soldier_n ought_v to_o go_v on_o without_o inquire_v whether_o they_o be_v within_o the_o country_n or_o without_o for_o who_o shall_v suppress_v rebellion_n but_o he_o that_o have_v right_o to_o levy_v command_n and_o dispose_v of_o the_o militia_n the_o last_o long_a parliament_n deny_v this_o but_o why_o because_o by_o the_o major_a part_n of_o their_o vote_n the_o rebellion_n be_v raise_v with_o design_n to_o put_v down_o monarchy_n and_o to_o that_o end_n maintain_v ph._n nor_o do_v
i_o hereby_o lie_v any_o aspersion_n upon_o such_o grant_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o ancestor_n those_o statute_n be_v in_o themselves_o very_o good_a for_o the_o king_n and_o people_n as_o create_v some_o kind_n of_o difficulty_n or_o such_o king_n as_o for_o the_o glory_n of_o conquest_n may_v spend_v one_o part_n of_o their_o subject_n life_n and_o estate_n in_o molest_v other_o nation_n and_o leave_v the_o rest_n to_o destroy_v themselves_o at_o home_n by_o faction_n that_o which_o i_o here_o find_v fault_n with_o be_v the_o wrest_n of_o those_o and_o other_o such_o statute_n to_o a_o bind_n of_o our_o king_n from_o the_o use_n of_o their_o army_n in_o the_o necessary_a defence_n of_o themselves_o and_o their_o people_n the_o late_a long_a parliament_n that_o in_o 1648_o murder_v their_o king_n a_o king_n that_o seek_v no_o great_a glory_n upon_o earth_n but_o to_o be_v indulgent_a to_o his_o people_n and_o a_o pious_a defender_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n no_o soon_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o sovereign_a power_n than_o they_o levy_v money_n upon_o the_o people_n at_o their_o own_o discretion_n do_v any_o of_o their_o subject_n dispute_v their_o power_n do_v they_o not_o send_v soldier_n over_o the_o sea_n to_o subdue_v ireland_n and_o other_o to_o fight_v against_o the_o dutch_a at_o sea_n or_o make_v they_o any_o doubt_v but_o to_o be_v obey_v in_o all_o that_o they_o command_v as_o a_o right_n absolute_o due_a to_o the_o sovereign_a power_n in_o whosoever_o it_o reside_v i_o say_v not_o this_o as_o allow_v their_o action_n but_o as_o a_o testimony_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o very_a man_n that_o deny_v the_o same_o power_n to_o he_o who_o they_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v be_v their_o sovereign_n immediate_o before_o which_o be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n that_o the_o people_n of_o england_n never_o doubt_v of_o the_o king_n right_o to_o levy_v money_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o army_n till_o they_o be_v abuse_v in_o it_o by_o seditious_a teacher_n and_o other_o prate_a man_n on_o purpose_n to_o turn_v the_o state_n and_o church_n into_o popular_a government_n where_o the_o most_o ignorant_a and_o bold_a talker_n do_v common_o obtain_v the_o best_a preferment_n again_o when_o their_o new_a republic_n return_v into_o monarchy_n by_o oliver_n who_o dare_v deny_v he_o money_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la or_o of_o these_o other_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o you_o have_v cite_v you_o may_v therefore_o think_v it_o good_a law_n for_o all_o your_o book_n that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v at_o all_o time_n that_o he_o think_v in_o his_o conscience_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o people_n levy_n as_o many_o soldier_n and_o as_o much_o money_n as_o he_o please_v and_o that_o himself_o be_v judge_n of_o the_o necessity_n la._n be_v there_o no_o body_n harken_v at_o the_o door_n ph._n what_o be_v you_o afraid_a of_o la._n i_o mean_v to_o say_v the_o same_o that_o you_o say_v but_o there_o be_v very_o many_o yet_o that_o hold_v their_o former_a principle_n who_o neither_o the_o calamity_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n nor_o their_o former_a pardon_n have_v thorough_o cure_v of_o their_o madness_n ph._n the_o common_a people_n never_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o they_o hear_v of_o this_o nature_n but_o when_o they_o be_v set_v on_o by_o such_o as_o they_o think_v wise_a that_o be_v by_o some_o sort_n of_o preacher_n or_o some_o that_o seem_v to_o be_v learned_a in_o the_o law_n and_o withal_o speak_v evil_a of_o the_o governor_n but_o what_o if_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o sight_n or_o apprehension_n of_o any_o great_a danger_n to_o his_o people_n as_o when_o their_o neighbour_n be_v bear_v down_o with_o the_o current_n of_o a_o conquer_a enemy_n shall_v think_v his_o own_o people_n may_v be_v involve_v in_o the_o same_o misery_n may_v he_o not_o levy_v pay_v and_o transport_v soldier_n to_o help_v those_o weak_a neighbour_n by_o way_n of_o prevention_n to_o save_v his_o own_o people_n and_o himself_o from_o servitude_n be_v that_o a_o sin_n la._n first_o if_o the_o war_n upon_o our_o neighbour_n be_v just_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o it_o be_v equity_n or_o no_o to_o assist_v they_o against_o the_o right_n ph._n for_o my_o part_n i_o make_v no_o question_n of_o that_o at_o all_o unless_o the_o invader_n will_v and_o can_v put_v i_o in_o security_n that_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o successor_n shall_v make_v any_o advantage_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o my_o neighbour_n to_o do_v the_o same_o to_o i_o in_o time_n to_o come_v but_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n to_o bind_v they_o to_o the_o peace_n la._n second_o when_o such_o a_o thing_n shall_v happen_v the_o parliament_n will_v not_o refuse_v to_o contribute_v free_o to_o the_o safety_n of_o themselves_o and_o the_o whole_a nation_n ph._n it_o may_v be_v so_o and_o it_o may_v be_v not_o for_o if_o a_o parliament_n then_o sit_v not_o it_o must_v be_v call_v that_o require_v 6_o week_n time_n debate_v and_o collect_v what_o be_v give_v require_v as_o much_o and_o in_o this_o time_n the_o opportunity_n perhaps_o be_v lose_v beside_o how_o many_o wretched_a soul_n have_v we_o hear_v to_o say_v in_o the_o late_a trouble_n what_o matter_n be_v it_o who_o get_v the_o victory_n we_o can_v pay_v but_o what_o they_o please_v to_o demand_v and_o so_o much_o we_o pay_v now_o and_o this_o they_o will_v murmur_n as_o they_o have_v ever_o do_v whosoever_o shall_v reign_v over_o they_o as_o long_o as_o their_o covetousness_n and_o ignorance_n hold_v together_o which_o will_v be_v till_o doomsday_n if_o better_a order_n be_v not_o take_v for_o their_o struction_n in_o their_o duty_n both_o from_o reason_n and_o religion_n la._n for_o all_o this_o i_o find_v it_o somewhat_o hard_a that_o a_o king_n shall_v have_v right_o to_o take_v from_o his_o subject_n upon_o the_o pretence_n of_o necessity_n what_o he_o please_v ph._n i_o know_v what_o it_o be_v that_o trouble_v your_o conscience_n in_o this_o point_n all_o man_n be_v trouble_v at_o the_o cross_v of_o their_o wish_n but_o it_o be_v our_o own_o fault_n first_o we_o wish_v impossibility_n we_o will_v have_v our_o security_n against_o all_o the_o world_n upon_o right_a of_o property_n without_o pay_v for_o it_o this_o be_v impossible_a we_o may_v as_o well_o expect_v that_o fish_n and_o fowl_n shall_v boil_v rost_n and_o dish_n themselves_o and_o come_v to_o the_o table_n and_o that_o grape_n shall_v squeeze_v themselves_o into_o our_o mouth_n and_o have_v all_o other_o the_o contentment_n and_o ease_n which_o some_o pleasant_a man_n have_v relate_v of_o the_o land_n of_o cocquam_fw-la second_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n where_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n do_v not_o take_v what_o money_n they_o please_v for_o defence_n of_o those_o respective_a nation_n when_o they_o think_v it_o necessary_a for_o their_o safety_n the_o late_a long_a parliament_n deny_v this_o but_o why_o because_o there_o be_v a_o design_n among_o they_o to_o depose_v the_o king_n three_o there_o be_v no_o example_n of_o any_o king_n of_o england_n that_o i_o have_v read_v of_o that_o ever_o pretend_v any_o such_o necessity_n for_o levy_v of_o money_n against_o his_o conscience_n the_o great_a sound_n that_o ever_o be_v levy_v compare_v the_o value_n of_o money_n as_o it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n with_o what_o now_o it_o be_v be_v levy_v by_o king_n edw._n 3d._n and_o king_n henry_n the_o 5_o king_n of_o who_o we_o glory_n now_o and_o think_v their_o action_n great_a ornament_n to_o the_o english_a history_n last_o as_o to_o the_o enrich_n of_o now_o and_o then_o a_o favourite_n it_o be_v neither_o sensible_a to_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v any_o treasure_n thereby_o convey_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n but_o so_o spend_v as_o it_o fall_v down_o again_o upon_o the_o common_a people_n to_o think_v that_o our_o condition_n be_v humane_a shall_v be_v subject_a to_o no_o incommodity_n be_v injurious_o to_o quarrel_v with_o god_n almighty_a for_o our_o own_o fault_n for_o he_o have_v do_v his_o part_n in_o annex_v our_o own_o industry_n and_o obedience_n la._n i_o know_v not_o what_o to_o say_v ph._n if_o you_o allow_v this_o that_o i_o have_v say_v then_o say_v that_o the_o people_n never_o be_v shall_v be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v free_a from_o be_v tax_v at_o the_o will_n of_o one_o or_o other_o be_v hinder_v that_o if_o civil_a war_n come_v they_o must_v levy_v all_o they_o have_v and_o that_o dearly_n from_o the_o one_o or_o from_o the_o other_o or_o from_o both_o side_n say_v that_o adhere_v to_o the_o king_n their_o victory_n be_v a_o end_n of_o their_o trouble_n that_o adhere_v to_o his_o
enemy_n there_o be_v no_o end_n for_o the_o war_n will_v continue_v by_o a_o perpetual_a subdivision_n and_o when_o it_o end_v they_o will_v be_v in_o the_o same_o estate_n they_o be_v before_o that_o they_o be_v often_o abuse_v by_o man_n who_o to_o they_o seem_v wise_a when_o then_o their_o wisdom_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o envy_n to_o those_o that_o be_v in_o grace_n and_o in_o profitable_a employment_n and_o that_o those_o man_n do_v but_o abuse_v the_o common_a people_n to_o their_o own_o end_n that_o set_v up_o a_o private_a man_n propriety_n against_o the_o public_a safety_n but_o say_v withal_o that_o the_o king_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n both_o write_a and_o unwritten_a and_o to_o no_o other_o and_o so_o be_v william_n the_o conqueror_n who_o right_a it_o all_o descend_v to_o our_o present_a king_n la._n as_o to_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v equity_n it_o be_v sure_a enough_o there_o be_v but_o one_o legislator_n which_o be_v god_n ph._n it_o follow_v then_o that_o which_o you_o call_v the_o common-law_n distinct_a from_o statute-law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o god_n la._n in_o some_o sense_n it_o be_v but_o it_o be_v not_o gospel_n but_o natural_a reason_n and_o natural_a equity_n ph._n will_v you_o have_v every_o man_n to_o every_o other_o man_n allege_v for_o law_n his_o own_o particular_a reason_n there_o be_v not_o among_o man_n a_o universal_a reason_n agree_v upon_o in_o any_o nation_n beside_o the_o reason_n of_o he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n yet_o though_o his_o reason_n be_v but_o the_o reason_n of_o one_o man_n yet_o it_o be_v set_v up_o to_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o that_o universal_a reason_n which_o be_v expound_v to_o we_o by_o our_o saviour_n in_o the_o gospel_n and_o consequent_o our_o king_n be_v to_o we_o the_o legislator_n both_o of_o statute-law_n and_o of_o common-law_n la._n yes_o i_o know_v that_o the_o law_n spiritual_a which_o have_v be_v law_n in_o this_o kingdom_n since_o the_o abolish_n of_o popery_n be_v the_o king_n law_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v make_v before_o for_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v no_o law_n neither_o here_o nor_o any_o where_o else_o without_o the_o pope_n temporal_a dominion_n far_o than_o king_n and_o state_n in_o their_o several_a dominion_n respective_o do_v make_v they_o so_o ph._n i_o grant_v that_o but_o you_o must_v grant_v also_o that_o those_o spiritual_a law_n legislator_n of_o the_o spiritual_a law_n and_o yet_o not_o all_o king_n and_o state_n make_v law_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o but_o our_o king_n here_o be_v so_o far_o bind_v to_o their_o assent_n as_o he_o shall_v judge_v conduce_v to_o the_o good_a and_o safety_n of_o his_o people_n for_o example_n if_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o shall_v advise_v he_o to_o restore_v those_o law_n spiritual_a which_o in_o queen_n mary_n time_n be_v in_o force_n i_o think_v the_o king_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n oblige_v without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o other_o law_n of_o god_n to_o neglect_v such_o advice_n la._n i_o grant_v you_o that_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a legislator_n but_o with_o this_o restriction_n that_o if_o he_o will_v not_o consult_v with_o the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n and_o hear_v the_o complaint_n and_o information_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o be_v best_a acquaint_v with_o their_o own_o want_n he_o sin_v against_o god_n though_o he_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o any_o thing_n by_o his_o subject_n by_o arm_n and_o force_n ph._n we_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o already_o since_o therefore_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a legislator_n i_o think_v it_o also_o reason_n he_o shall_v be_v sole_a supreme_a judge_n la._n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n of_o that_o for_o otherwise_o there_o will_v be_v no_o congruity_n of_o judgement_n with_o the_o law_n i_o grant_v also_o that_o he_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n over_o all_o person_n judge_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a within_o his_o own_o dominion_n not_o only_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n at_o this_o time_n but_o that_o he_o have_v ever_o be_v so_o by_o the_o common-law_n for_o the_o judge_n of_o both_o the_o bench_n have_v their_o office_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n and_o so_o as_o to_o judicature_n have_v the_o bishop_n also_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n have_v his_o office_n by_o receive_v from_o the_o king_n the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o to_o say_v all_o at_o once_o there_o be_v no_o magistrate_n or_o commissioner_n for_o public_a business_n neither_o of_o judicature_n nor_o execution_n in_o state_n or_o church_n in_o peace_n or_o war_n but_o he_o be_v make_v so_o by_o authority_n from_o the_o king_n ph._n it_o be_v true_a but_o perhaps_o you_o may_v â—â—ink_v otherwise_o when_o you_o read_v such_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o say_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v â—ave_n power_n and_o authority_n to_o do_v this_o or_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o act_n as_o eliz._n c._n 1._o that_o your_o highness_n your_o heir_n and_o successor_n king_n or_o queen_n of_o this_o realm_n shall_v have_v â—â—ll_v power_n and_o authority_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o act_n by_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o assign_v etc._n etc._n be_v it_o not_o this_o parliament_n that_o give_v this_o authority_n to_o the_o queen_n la._n for_o the_o statute_n in_o this_o clause_n be_v no_o more_o than_o as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n use_v to_o speak_v a_o affirmance_n of_o the_o common-law_n for_o she_o be_v head_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n may_v make_v commissioner_n for_o the_o deâ—iding_n of_o matter_n ecclesiastical_a as_o free_o â—s_v if_o she_o have_v be_v pope_n who_o do_v you_o know_v pretend_v his_o right_n from_o the_o law_n of_o god_n ph._n we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v of_o law_n without_o consider_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o essence_n of_o a_o law_n and_o now_o unless_o we_o define_v the_o word_n law_n we_o can_v go_v no_o â—arther_o without_o ambiguity_n and_o fallacy_n which_o will_v be_v but_o loss_n of_o time_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o agreement_n upon_o our_o word_n will_v enlighten_v all_o we_o have_v to_o say_v â—hereafter_o la._n i_o do_v not_o remember_v the_o definition_n of_o law_n in_o any_o statute_n ph._n i_o think_v so_o for_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v by_o authority_n and_o not_o draw_v from_o any_o other_o principle_n than_o the_o care_n of_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n statute_n be_v not_o philosophy_n as_o be_v the_o common-law_n and_o other_o disputable_a art_n but_o be_v command_n or_o prohibition_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v obey_v because_o assent_v to_o by_o submission_n make_v to_o the_o conqueror_n here_o in_o england_n and_o to_o whosoever_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n in_o other_o common_a wealth_n so_o that_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o all_o place_n be_v statute_n the_o definition_n of_o law_n be_v therefore_o unnecessary_a for_o the_o maker_n of_o statute_n though_o very_o necessary_a to_o they_o who_o work_n it_o be_v to_o teach_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n la._n there_o be_v a_o accurate_a definition_n of_o a_o law_n in_o bracton_n cite_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n lex_fw-la est_fw-la sanctio_fw-la justa_fw-la jubens_fw-la honesta_fw-la &_o prohibens_fw-la contraria_fw-la ph._n that_o be_v to_o say_v law_n be_v a_o just_a statute_n command_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v honest_a and_o forbid_v the_o contrary_a from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o all_o case_n it_o must_v be_v the_o honesty_n or_o dishonesty_n that_o make_v the_o command_n a_o law_n whereas_o you_o know_v that_o but_o for_o the_o law_n we_o can_v not_o as_o say_v st._n paul_n have_v know_v what_o be_v sin_n therefore_o this_o definition_n be_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o for_o any_o far_a discourse_n of_o law_n beside_o you_o know_v the_o rule_n of_o honest_a and_o dishonest_a refer_v to_o honour_n and_o that_o it_o be_v justice_n only_o and_o injustice_n that_o the_o law_n respect_v but_o that_o which_o i_o most_o except_v against_o in_o this_o definition_n be_v that_o it_o suppose_v that_o a_o statute_n make_v by_o the_o sovereign_a power_n of_o a_o nation_n may_v be_v unjust_a there_o may_v indeed_o in_o a_o statute_n law_n make_v by_o man_n be_v find_v iniquity_n but_o not_o injustice_n la._n this_o be_v somewhat_o subtle_a i_o pray_v deal_v plain_o what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o injustice_n and_o iniquity_n ph._n i_o pray_v you_o tell_v i_o first_o what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n and_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n la._n a_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v that_o which_o have_v cognizance_n of_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v to_o be_v end_v by_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o a_o
court_n of_o equity_n in_o that_o to_o which_o belong_v such_o cause_n as_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o equity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n ph._n you_o see_v then_o that_o the_o difference_n between_o injustice_n and_o iniquity_n be_v this_o that_o injustice_n be_v the_o transgression_n of_o a_o statute-law_n and_o iniquity_n the_o transgression_n of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o that_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o law_n be_v court_n of_o justice_n because_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o statute-law_n be_v iniquity_n and_o injustice_n also_o but_o perhaps_o you_o mean_v by_o common-law_n not_o the_o law_n itself_o but_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o the_o law_n as_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n by_o 12_o man_n freeholder_n though_o those_o 12_o man_n be_v no_o court_n of_o equity_n nor_o of_o justice_n because_o they_o determine_v not_o what_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a but_o only_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v or_o not_o do_v and_o their_o judgement_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o confirmation_n of_o that_o which_o be_v proper_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o witness_n for_o to_o speak_v exact_o there_o can_v possible_o be_v any_o judge_n of_o fact_n beside_o the_o witness_n la._n how_o will_v you_o have_v a_o law_n define_v ph._n thus_o a_o law_n be_v the_o command_n of_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n give_v to_o those_o that_o be_v he_o or_o their_o subject_n declare_v public_o and_o plain_o what_o every_o of_o they_o may_v do_v and_o what_o they_o must_v forbear_v to_o do_v la._n see_v all_o judge_n in_o all_o court_v aught_o to_o judge_n according_a to_o equity_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n a_o distinct_a court_n of_o equity_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v unnecessary_a and_o but_o a_o burden_n to_o the_o people_n since_o common-law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o same_o law_n ph._n it_o be_v so_o indeed_o if_o judge_n can_v not_o err_v but_o since_o they_o may_v err_v and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o any_o other_o law_n but_o that_o of_o equity_n it_o belong_v to_o he_o alone_o to_o give_v remedy_n to_o they_o that_o by_o the_o ignorance_n or_o corruption_n of_o a_o judge_n shall_v suffer_v damage_n la._n by_o your_o definition_n of_o a_o law_n the_o king_n proclamation_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n be_v a_o law_n for_o it_o be_v a_o command_n and_o public_a and_o of_o the_o sovereign_n to_o his_o subject_n ph._n why_o not_o if_o he_o think_v it_o necessary_a for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o subject_n for_o this_o be_v a_o maxim_n at_o the_o common-law_n allege_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n himself_o 1_o inst._n sect._n 306._o quando_fw-la lex_fw-la aliquid_fw-la concedit_fw-la concedere_fw-la videtur_fw-la &_o id_fw-la per_fw-la quod_fw-la devenitur_fw-la ad_fw-la illud_fw-la and_o you_o know_v out_o of_o the_o same_o author_n that_o divers_a king_n of_o â—ngland_n have_v often_o to_o the_o petition_n in_o parliament_n which_o they_o grant_v annex_v such_o exception_n as_o these_o unless_o there_o be_v necessity_n save_v our_o regality_n which_o i_o think_v shall_v be_v always_o understand_v though_o they_o be_v not_o express_v and_o be_v understand_v so_o by_o common_a lawyer_n who_o agree_v that_o the_o king_n may_v recall_v any_o grant_n wherein_o he_o be_v deceive_v la._n again_o whereas_o you_o make_v it_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o a_o law_n to_o be_v public_o and_o plain_o declare_v to_o the_o people_n i_o see_v no_o necessity_n for_o that_o be_v not_o all_o subject_n bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n when_o no_o act_n can_v pass_v without_o their_o consent_n ph._n if_o you_o have_v say_v that_o no_o act_n can_v pass_v without_o their_o knowledge_n than_o indeed_o they_o have_v be_v bind_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o but_o none_o can_v have_v knowledge_n of_o they_o but_o the_o member_n of_o the_o house_n of_o parliament_n therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n be_v excuse_v or_o else_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o furnish_v people_n with_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o copy_n at_o the_o people_n charge_n of_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n at_o their_o return_n into_o the_o country_n that_o every_o man_n may_v resort_v to_o they_o and_o by_o themselves_o or_o friend_n take_v notice_n of_o what_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v obey_v and_o that_o no_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o do_v a_o thing_n impossible_a be_v one_o of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n maxim_n at_o the_o common-law_n i_o know_v that_o most_o of_o the_o statute_n be_v print_v but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o every_o man_n be_v bind_v to_o buy_v the_o book_n of_o statute_n nor_o to_o search_v for_o they_o at_o westminster_n or_o at_o the_o tower_n nor_o to_o understand_v the_o language_n wherein_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n write_v la._n i_o grant_v it_o proceed_v from_o their_o own_o fault_n but_o no_o man_n can_v be_v excuse_v by_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o ignorance_n of_o the_o common-law_n except_o child_n madman_n and_o idiot_n but_o you_o exact_v such_o a_o notice_n of_o the_o statute-law_n as_o be_v almost_o impossible_a be_v it_o not_o enough_o that_o they_o in_o all_o place_n have_v a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o the_o penal_a statute_n ph._n yes_o if_o they_o have_v those_o penal_a statute_n near_o they_o but_o what_o reason_n can_v you_o give_v i_o why_o there_o shall_v not_o be_v as_o many_o copy_n abroad_o of_o the_o statute_n as_o there_o be_v of_o the_o bible_n la._n i_o think_v it_o be_v well_o that_o every_o man_n that_o can_v read_v have_v a_o statute-book_n for_o certain_o no_o knowledge_n of_o those_o law_n by_o which_o man_n life_n and_o fortune_n can_v be_v bring_v into_o danger_n can_v be_v too_o much_o i_o find_v a_o great_a fault_n in_o your_o definition_n of_o law_n which_o be_v that_o every_o law_n either_o forbid_v or_o command_v something_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o moral-law_n be_v always_o a_o command_n or_o a_o prohibition_n or_o at_o least_o imply_v it_o but_o in_o the_o levitical-law_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o he_o that_o steal_v a_o sheep_n shall_v restore_v four_o fold_n what_o command_n or_o prohibition_n lie_v in_o these_o word_n ph._n such_o sentence_n as_o that_o be_v not_o in_o themselves_o general_n but_o judgement_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v in_o those_o word_n imply_v a_o commandment_n to_o the_o judge_n to_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v a_o fourfold_a restitution_n la._n that_o be_v right_a ph._n now_o define_v what_o justice_n be_v and_o what_o action_n and_o man_n be_v to_o be_v call_v just._n la._n justice_n be_v the_o constant_a will_n of_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o give_v to_o every_o man_n that_o which_o be_v his_o right_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o to_o exclude_v the_o right_n of_o all_o man_n else_o to_o the_o same_o thing_n a_o just_a action_n be_v that_o which_o be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n a_o just_a man_n be_v he_o that_o have_v a_o constant_a will_n to_o live_v just_o if_o you_o require_v more_o i_o doubt_v there_o will_v no_o man_n live_v be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o definition_n ph._n see_v then_o that_o a_o just_a action_n according_a to_o your_o definition_n be_v that_o which_o be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o before_o there_o be_v a_o law_n there_o can_v be_v no_o injustice_n and_o therefore_o law_n be_v in_o their_o nature_n antecedent_n to_o justice_n and_o injustice_n and_o you_o can_v deny_v but_o there_o must_v be_v lawmaker_n before_o there_o be_v any_o law_n and_o consequent_o before_o there_o be_v any_o justice_n i_o speak_v of_o humane_a justice_n and_o that_o lawmaker_n be_v before_o that_o which_o you_o call_v own_o or_o property_n of_o good_n or_o land_n distinguish_v by_o meum_fw-la tuum_fw-la alienum_fw-la la._n that_o must_v be_v grant_v for_o without_o statute-law_n all_o man_n have_v right_o to_o all_o thing_n and_o we_o have_v have_v experience_n when_o our_o law_n be_v silence_v by_o civil_a war_n there_o be_v not_o a_o man_n that_o of_o any_o good_n can_v say_v assure_o they_o be_v his_o own_o ph._n you_o see_v then_o that_o no_o private_a man_n can_v claim_v a_o propriety_n in_o any_o land_n or_o other_o good_n from_o any_o title_n from_o any_o man_n but_o the_o king_n or_o they_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n because_o it_o be_v in_o virtue_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n that_o every_o man_n may_v not_o enter_v into_o and_o possess_v what_o he_o please_v and_o consequent_o to_o deny_v the_o sovereign_a any_o thing_n necessary_a to_o
also_o if_o he_o will_v and_o they_o say_v true_a but_o they_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o think_v he_o will_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o his_o own_o profit_n which_o can_v be_v for_o he_o love_v his_o own_o power_n and_o what_o become_v of_o his_o power_n when_o his_o subject_n be_v destroy_v or_o weaken_v by_o who_o multitude_n and_o strength_n he_o enjoy_v his_o power_n and_o every_o one_o of_o his_o subject_n his_o fortune_n and_o last_o whereas_o they_o sometime_o say_v the_o king_n be_v bind_v not_o only_o to_o cause_v his_o law_n to_o be_v observe_v but_o also_o to_o observe_v they_o himself_o i_o think_v the_o king_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v be_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o observe_v they_o himself_o for_o i_o never_o hear_v it_o take_v for_o good_a law_n that_o the_o king_n may_v be_v indict_v or_o appeal_v or_o serve_v with_o a_o writ_n till_o the_o long_a parliament_n practise_v the_o contrary_a upon_o the_o good_a king_n charles_n for_o which_o divers_a of_o they_o be_v execute_v and_o the_o rest_n by_o this_o our_o present_a king_n pardon_v la._n pardon_v by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n ph._n by_o the_o king_n in_o parliament_n if_o you_o will_v but_o not_o by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n you_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o pardon_v of_o injury_n to_o the_o person_n that_o be_v injure_v treason_n and_o other_o offence_n against_o the_o peace_n and_o against_o the_o right_n of_o the_o sovereign_n be_v injury_n do_v to_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o whosoever_o be_v pardon_v any_o such_o offence_n aught_o to_o acknowledge_v he_o owe_v his_o pardon_n to_o the_o king_n alone_o but_o as_o to_o such_o murder_n felony_n and_o other_o injury_n as_o be_v do_v to_o any_o subject_n how_o mean_a soever_o i_o think_v it_o great_a reason_n that_o the_o party_n endamage_v ought_v to_o have_v satisfaction_n before_o such_o pardon_n be_v allow_v and_o in_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n where_o restitution_n of_o life_n be_v impossible_a what_o can_v any_o friend_n heir_n or_o other_o party_n that_o may_v appeal_v require_v more_o than_o reasonable_a satisfaction_n some_o other_o way_n perhaps_o he_o will_v be_v content_a with_o nothing_o but_o life_n for_o life_n but_o that_o be_v revenge_n and_o belong_v to_o god_n and_o under_o god_n to_o the_o king_n and_o none_o else_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v reasonable_a satisfaction_n tender_v the_o king_n without_o sin_n i_o think_v may_v pardon_v he_o i_o be_o sure_a if_o the_o pardon_v he_o be_v a_o sin_n that_o neither_o king_n nor_o parliament_n nor_o any_o earthly_a power_n can_v do_v it_o la._n you_o see_v by_o this_o your_o own_o argument_n that_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n without_o a_o parliament_n can_v not_o have_v pass_v because_o not_o only_o the_o king_n but_o also_o most_o of_o the_o lord_n and_o abundance_n of_o common_a people_n have_v receive_v injury_n which_o not_o be_v pardonable_a but_o by_o their_o own_o assent_n it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v in_o parliament_n and_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o ph._n i_o grant_v it_o but_o i_o pray_v you_o tell_v i_o now_o what_o be_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o general_a pardon_n and_o a_o act_n of_o oblivion_n la._n the_o word_n act_n of_o oblivion_n be_v never_o in_o our_o book_n before_o but_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v in_o you_o ph._n in_o the_o state_n of_o athens_n long_o ago_o for_o the_o abolish_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n there_o be_v a_o act_n agree_v on_o that_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v molest_v for_o any_o thing_n before_o that_o act_n do_v whatsoever_o without_o exception_n which_o act_n the_o maker_n of_o it_o call_v a_o act_n of_o oblivion_n not_o that_o all_o injury_n shall_v be_v forget_v for_o then_o we_o can_v never_o have_v have_v the_o story_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o rise_v up_o in_o judgement_n against_o any_o man._n and_o in_o imitation_n of_o this_o act_n the_o like_a be_v propound_v though_o it_o take_v no_o effect_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o julius_n caesar_n in_o the_o senate_n of_o rome_n by_o such_o a_o act_n you_o may_v easy_o conceive_v that_o all_o accusation_n for_o offence_n past_a be_v absolute_o dead_a and_o bury_v and_o yet_o we_o have_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o the_o object_v one_o to_o another_o of_o the_o injury_n pardon_v be_v any_o violation_n of_o those_o act_n except_o the_o same_o be_v so_o express_v in_o the_o act_n itself_o la._n it_o seem_v then_o that_o the_o act_n of_o oblivion_n be_v here_o no_o more_o nor_o of_o other_o nature_n than_o a_o general_n pardon_v of_o court_n ph._n since_o you_o acknowledge_v that_o in_o all_o controversy_n the_o judicature_n original_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n and_o see_v that_o no_o man_n be_v able_a in_o his_o own_o person_n to_o execute_v a_o office_n of_o so_o much_o business_n what_o order_n be_v take_v for_o decide_v of_o so_o many_o and_o so_o various_a controversy_n la._n there_o be_v divers_a sort_n of_o controversy_n some_o of_o which_o be_v concern_v man_n title_n to_o land_n and_o good_n and_o some_o good_n be_v corporeal_a and_o land_n money_n cattle_n corn_n and_o the_o like_a which_o may_v be_v handle_v or_o see_v and_o some_o incorporeal_a as_o privilege_n liberty_n dignity_n office_n and_o many_o other_o good_a thing_n mere_a creature_n of_o the_o law_n and_o can_v be_v handle_v or_o see_v and_o both_o of_o these_o kind_n be_v concern_v meum_fw-la and_o tuum_fw-la other_o there_o be_v concern_v crime_n punishable_a divers_a way_n and_o among_o some_o of_o these_o part_n of_o the_o punishment_n be_v some_o fine_a or_o forfeiture_n to_o the_o king_n and_o then_o it_o be_v call_v a_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o case_n the_o king_n sue_v the_o party_n otherwise_o it_o be_v but_o a_o private_a plea_n which_o they_o call_v a_o appeal_n and_o though_o upon_o judgement_n in_o a_o appeal_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v his_o forfeiture_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v call_v a_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o when_o the_o crown_n plead_v for_o it_o there_o be_v also_o other_o controversy_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n in_o order_n to_o religion_n and_o virtuous_a life_n the_o offence_n both_o against_o the_o crown_n and_o against_o the_o law_n of_o the_o church_n be_v crime_n but_o the_o offence_n of_o one_o subject_a against_o another_o if_o they_o be_v not_o against_o the_o crown_n the_o king_n pretend_v nothing_o in_o those_o plea_n but_o the_o reparation_n of_o his_o subject_n injure_v ph._n a_o crime_n be_v a_o offence_n of_o any_o kind_n whatsoever_o for_o which_o a_o penalty_n be_v ordain_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n but_o you_o must_v understand_v that_o damage_n award_v to_o the_o party_n injure_v have_v nothing_o common_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o penalty_n but_o be_v mere_o a_o restitution_n or_o satisfaction_n due_a to_o the_o party_n grieve_v by_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o consequent_o be_v no_o more_o a_o punishment_n than_o be_v the_o pay_v of_o a_o debt_n la._n it_o seem_v by_o this_o definition_n of_o a_o crime_n you_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o crime_n and_o a_o sin_n ph._n all_o crime_n be_v indeed_o sin_n but_o not_o all_o sin_n crime_n a_o sin_n may_v be_v in_o the_o thought_n or_o secret_a purpose_n of_o a_o man_n of_o which_o neither_o a_o judge_n nor_o a_o witness_n nor_o any_o man_n take_v notice_n but_o a_o crime_n be_v such_o a_o sin_n as_o consist_v in_o a_o action_n against_o the_o law_n of_o which_o action_n he_o can_v be_v accuse_v and_o try_v by_o a_o judge_n and_o be_v convince_v or_o clear_v by_o witness_n farther_n that_o which_o be_v no_o sin_n in_o itself_o but_o indifferent_a may_v be_v make_v sin_n by_o a_o positive_a law_n as_o when_o the_o statute_n be_v in_o force_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v wear_v silk_n in_o his_o hat_n after_o the_o statute_n such_o wear_n of_o silk_n be_v a_o sin_n which_o be_v not_o so_o before_o nay_o sometime_o a_o action_n that_o be_v good_a in_o itself_o by_o the_o statute_n law_n may_v be_v make_v a_o sin_n as_o if_o a_o statute_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o forbid_v the_o give_v of_o alm_n to_o a_o strong_a and_o sturdy_a beggar_n such_o alm_n after_o that_o law_n will_v be_v a_o sin_n but_o not_o before_o for_o than_o it_o be_v charity_n the_o object_n whereof_o be_v not_o the_o strength_n or_o other_o quality_n of_o the_o poor_a man_n but_o his_o poverty_n again_o he_o that_o shall_v have_v say_v in_o queen_n mary_n time_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o authority_n in_o england_n shall_v have_v be_v burn_v at_o a_o stake_n but_o for_o say_v the_o same_o in_o the_o time_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n
nor_o that_o any_o judgement_n be_v give_v without_o due_a process_n of_o law_n ph._n this_o be_v no_o unreasonable_a petition_n for_o the_o common-law_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o equity_n and_o by_o this_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o chancellor_n before_o that_o statute_n make_v bold_a with_o the_o court_n of_o common_a law_n than_o they_o do_v afterward_o but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o common-law_n in_o this_o statute_n signify_v any_o thing_n else_o but_o general_o the_o law_n temporal_a of_o the_o realm_n nor_o be_v this_o statute_n ever_o print_v that_o such_o as_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o statute_n or_o not_o i_o know_v not_o till_o you_o tell_v i_o what_o the_o parliament_n answer_v to_o this_o petition_n la._n the_o king_n answer_n be_v the_o wage_n heretofore_o shall_v stand_v so_o as_o the_o king_n royalty_n be_v save_v ph._n this_o be_v slat_o against_o sir_n edw._n coke_n concern_v the_o chancery_n la._n in_o another_o parliament_n 17_o rich._n 2._o it_o be_v enact_v at_o the_o petition_n of_o the_o commons_o that_o forasmuch_o as_o people_n be_v compel_v to_o come_v before_o the_o king_n council_n or_o in_o chancery_n by_o writ_n ground_v upon_o untrue_a suggestion_n that_o the_o chancellor_n for_o the_o time_n be_v present_o after_o such_o suggestion_n be_v due_o find_v and_o prove_v untrue_a shall_v have_v power_n to_o ordain_v and_o award_v damage_n according_a to_o his_o discretion_n to_o he_o which_o be_v so_o travel_v undue_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a ph._n by_o this_o statute_n it_o appear_v that_o when_o a_o complaint_n be_v make_v in_o chancery_n upon_o undue_a suggestion_n the_o chancellor_n shall_v have_v the_o examination_n of_o the_o say_a suggestion_n and_o as_o he_o may_v avoid_v damage_n when_o the_o suggestion_n be_v untrue_a so_o he_o may_v also_o proceed_v by_o process_n to_o the_o detemine_n of_o the_o cause_n whether_o it_o be_v real_a or_o personal_n so_o it_o be_v not_o criminal_a la._n also_o the_o commons_o petition_v in_o a_o parliament_n of_o 2_o hen._n 4._o not_o print_v that_o no_o writ_n nor_o privy-seal_n be_v sue_v out_o of_o chancery_n exchequer_n or_o other_o place_n to_o any_o man_n to_o appear_v at_o a_o day_n upon_o a_o pain_n either_o before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o common-law_n ph._n what_o answer_n be_v give_v to_o this_o petition_n by_o the_o king_n la._n that_o such_o writ_n shall_v not_o be_v grant_v without_o necessity_n ph._n here_o again_o you_o see_v the_o king_n may_v deny_v or_o grant_v any_o petition_n in_o parliament_n either_o as_o he_o think_v it_o necessary_a as_o in_o this_o place_n or_o as_o he_o think_v it_o prejudicial_a or_o not_o prejudicial_a to_o his_o royalty_n as_o in_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o former_a petition_n which_o be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n that_o no_o part_n of_o his_o legislative_a power_n or_o any_o other_o essential_a part_n of_o royalty_n can_v be_v take_v from_o he_o by_o a_o statute_n now_o see_v it_o be_v grant_v that_o equity_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n and_o see_v sir_n edw._n coke_n 1_o inst._n sect._n 21._o define_v equity_n to_o be_v a_o certain_a reason_n comprehend_v in_o no_o write_v but_o consist_v only_o in_o right_a reason_n which_o interprete_v and_o amend_v the_o written-law_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v to_o what_o end_n there_o shall_v be_v any_o other_o court_n of_o equity_n at_o all_o either_o before_o the_o chancellor_n or_o any_o other_o person_n beside_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o civil_a or_o common-plea_n nay_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o can_v allege_v none_o but_o this_o that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o high_a court_n of_o equity_n than_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n to_o remedy_v the_o error_n in_o judgement_n give_v by_o the_o justice_n of_o inferior_a court_n and_o the_o error_n in_o chancery_n be_v irrevocable_a except_o by_o parliament_n or_o by_o special_a commission_n appoint_v thereunto_o by_o the_o king_n la._n but_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v that_o see_v matter_n of_o fact_n by_o the_o common-law_n be_v tryable_a by_o a_o jury_n of_o 12_o man_n this_o court_n shall_v not_o draw_v the_o matter_n ad_fw-la aliud_fw-la examen_fw-la i._n e._n to_o another_o kind_n of_o examination_n viz._n by_o deposition_n of_o witness_n which_o shall_v be_v but_o evidence_n to_o a_o jury_n ph._n to_o the_o deposition_n of_o witness_n any_o more_o or_o less_o then_o to_o evidence_n to_o the_o lord-chancellor_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o another_o kind_n of_o examination_n nor_o be_v a_o jury_n more_o capable_a of_o due_o examine_v witness_n than_o a_o lord-chancellor_n beside_o see_v all_o court_n be_v bind_v to_o judge_n according_a to_o equity_n and_o that_o all_o judge_n in_o a_o case_n of_o equity_n may_v sometime_o be_v deceive_v what_o harm_n be_v there_o to_o any_o man_n or_o to_o the_o state_n if_o there_o be_v a_o subordination_n of_o judge_n in_o equity_n as_o well_o as_o of_o judge_n in_o common-law_n see_v it_o be_v provide_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o avoid_v vexation_n that_o subpoena_n shall_v not_o be_v grant_v till_o surety_n be_v find_v to_o satisfy_v the_o party_n so_o grieve_v and_o vex_v for_o his_o damage_n and_o expense_n if_o so_o be_v the_o matter_n may_v not_o be_v make_v good_a which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o bill_n la._n there_o be_v another_o statute_n of_o 31_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 2._o wherein_o there_o be_v a_o proviso_n cite_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n in_o these_o word_n provide_v that_o no_o matter_n determinable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n shall_v be_v by_o the_o say_a act_n determine_v in_o other_o form_n then_o after_o the_o course_n of_o the_o same_o law_n in_o the_o king_n court_n have_v the_o determination_n of_o the_o same_o law_n ph._n this_o law_n be_v make_v but_o for_o seven_o year_n and_o never_o continue_v by_o any_o other_o parliament_n and_o the_o motive_n of_o this_o law_n be_v the_o great_a riot_n extortion_n oppression_n etc._n etc._n use_v during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o insurrection_n of_o john_n cade_n and_o the_o indictment_n and_o condemnation_n wrongful_o have_v by_o this_o usurp_a authority_n and_o thereupon_o the_o parliament_n ordain_v that_o for_o 7_o year_n follow_v no_o man_n shall_v disobey_v any_o of_o the_o king_n writ_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n or_o shall_v refuse_v to_o appear_v upon_o proclamation_n before_o the_o king_n council_n or_o in_o the_o chancery_n to_o answer_v to_o riot_n extortion_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o first_o time_n he_o shall_v lose_v etc._n etc._n wherein_o there_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o concern_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o any_o other_o court_n but_o a_o extraordinary_a power_n give_v to_o the_o chancery_n and_o to_o the_o king_n privy-council_n to_o determine_v of_o those_o crime_n which_o be_v not_o before_o that_o time_n tryable_a but_o only_o by_o the_o kings-bench_n or_o special_a commission_n for_o the_o act_n be_v make_v express_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o crime_n commit_v by_o those_o that_o have_v act_v by_o the_o say_v cade_n authority_n to_o which_o act_n the_o proviso_n be_v add_v which_o be_v here_o mention_v that_o the_o proceed_v in_o those_o court_n of_o chancery_n and_o of_o the_o king_n council_n shall_v be_v such_o as_o shall_v be_v use_v in_o the_o court_n to_o which_o the_o say_a court_n before_o this_o act_n be_v make_v do_v belong_v that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o cause_n as_o be_v criminal_a shall_v be_v after_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kings-bench_n and_o such_o cause_n as_o be_v not_o criminal_a but_o only_o against_o equity_n shall_v be_v try_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o chancery_n or_o in_o some_o case_n according_a to_o the_o proceed_n in_o the_o exchequer_n i_o wonder_v why_o sir_n edw._n coke_n shall_v cite_v a_o statute_n as_o this_o be_v above_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o expire_v and_o other_o two_o petition_n as_o if_o they_o be_v statute_n when_o they_o be_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o king_n unless_o he_o do_v it_o on_o purpose_n to_o diminish_v as_o he_o endeavour_v to_o do_v throughout_o his_o institutes_n the_o king_n authority_n or_o to_o insinuate_v his_o own_o opinion_n among_o the_o people_n for_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n for_o that_o also_o he_o endeavour_v by_o insert_v latin_a sentence_n both_o in_o his_o text_n and_o in_o the_o margin_n as_o if_o they_o be_v principle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n without_o any_o authority_n of_o ancient_a lawyer_n or_o any_o certainty_n of_o reason_n in_o themselves_o to_o make_v man_n believe_v they_o be_v the_o very_a ground_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n now_o as_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o
justice_n la._n the_o judgement_n for_o felony_n be_v ph._n heresy_n be_v before_o felony_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n la._n he_o have_v omit_v the_o judgement_n against_o a_o heretic_n because_o i_o think_v no_o jury_n confine_v heresy_n nor_o no_o judge_n temporal_a do_v ever_o pronounce_v judgement_n upon_o it_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o h._n 5._o c._n 7._o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n have_v convict_v any_o man_n of_o heresy_n shall_v deliver_v he_o to_o the_o sheriff_n and_o that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v believe_v the_o bishop_n the_o sheriff_n therefore_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o h._n 4._o after_o he_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o to_o burn_v he_o but_o that_o statute_n be_v repeal_v the_o sheriff_n can_v not_o burn_v he_o without_o a_o writ_n de_fw-fr heretico_fw-la comburendo_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o sheriff_n burn_v legate_n 9_o king_n james_n by_o that_o writ_n which_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o common-law_n at_o that_o time_n and_o in_o that_o writ_n the_o judgement_n be_v express_v ph._n this_o be_v strange_a reason_n when_o sir_n edw._n coke_n know_v and_o confess_v that_o the_o statute_n upon_o which_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr heretico_fw-la comburendo_fw-la be_v ground_v be_v all_o repeal_v how_o can_v he_o think_v the_o writ_n itself_o can_v be_v in_o force_n or_o that_o the_o statute_n which_o repeal_v the_o statute_n for_o burn_a heretic_n be_v not_o make_v with_o a_o intent_n to_o forbid_v such_o burn_n it_o be_v manifest_a he_o understand_v not_o his_o book_n of_o common-law_n for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 4._o and_o hen._n 5._o the_o word_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v the_o sheriff_n warrant_n and_o there_o be_v need_n of_o no_o such_o writ_n nor_o can_v he_o till_o the_o 25_o hen._n 8._o when_o those_o statute_n be_v repeal_v and_o a_o writ_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o put_v into_o the_o register_n which_o write_v fitzherbert_n cite_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o natura_fw-la brevium_fw-la again_o in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n be_v publish_v a_o correct_a register_n of_o original_a and_o judicial_a writ_n and_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr haeretico_fw-la comburendo_fw-la leave_v out_o because_o that_o statute_n of_o 25_o h._n 8._o and_o all_o statute_n against_o heretic_n be_v repeal_v and_o burn_v forbid_v and_o whereas_o he_o cit_v for_o the_o grant_n of_o this_o writ_n 9_o jac._n the_o lord_n chief_a justice_n the_o lord_n chief_a baron_n and_o two_o justice_n of_o the_o common-plea_n it_o be_v as_o to_o all_o but_o the_o lord_n chief_a against_o the_o law_n for_o neither_o the_o judge_n of_o common-plea_n nor_o of_o the_o exchequer_n can_v hold_v plea_n of_o the_o crown_n without_o special_a commission_n and_o if_o they_o can_v hold_v plea_n they_o can_v condemn_v la._n the_o punishment_n for_o felony_n be_v that_o the_o felon_n be_v hang_v by_o the_o neck_n till_o he_o be_v dead_a and_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o he_o cite_v a_o sentence_n from_o whence_o i_o know_v not_o quod_fw-la non_fw-la licet_fw-la felonem_fw-la pro_fw-la felonia_n decollare_fw-la ph._n it_o be_v not_o indeed_o lawful_a for_o the_o sheriff_n of_o his_o own_o head_n to_o do_v it_o or_o to_o do_v otherwise_o than_o be_v command_v in_o the_o judgement_n nor_o for_o the_o judge_n to_o give_v any_o other_o judgement_n than_o according_a to_o statute-law_n or_o the_o usage_n consent_v to_o by_o the_o king_n but_o this_o hinder_v not_o the_o king_n from_o alter_v his_o law_n concern_v judgement_n if_o he_o see_v good_a cause_n la._n the_o king_n may_v do_v so_o if_o he_o please_v and_o sir_n edw._n coke_n tell_v you_o how_o he_o alter_v particular_a judgement_n in_o case_n of_o felony_n and_o show_v that_o judgement_n be_v give_v upon_o a_o lord_n in_o parliament_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v hang_v he_o be_v nevertheless_o behead_v and_o that_o another_o lord_n have_v the_o like_a judgement_n for_o another_o felony_n and_o be_v not_o hang_v but_o behead_v and_o withal_o he_o show_v you_o the_o inconveniency_n of_o such_o proceed_n because_o say_v he_o if_o hang_a may_v be_v alter_v to_o behead_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v alter_v to_o burn_a ston_a to_o death_n etc._n etc._n ph._n perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v inconveniency_n in_o it_o but_o it_o be_v more_o than_o i_o see_v or_o he_o show_v nor_o do_v there_o happen_v any_o inconveniency_n from_o the_o execution_n he_o cit_v beside_o he_o grant_v that_o death_n be_v ultimum_fw-la supplicium_fw-la be_v a_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o law_n but_o what_o be_v all_o this_o to_o the_o purpose_n when_o it_o belong_v not_o to_o consider_v such_o inconvenience_n of_o government_n but_o to_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n or_o who_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o depute_a judge_n can_v derive_v a_o power_n to_o censure_v the_o action_n of_o a_o king_n that_o have_v depute_v he_o la._n for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n by_o misfortune_n there_o be_v he_o say_v no_o express_a judgement_n nor_o for_o kill_v a_o man_n in_o one_o own_o defence_n but_o he_o say_v that_o the_o law_n have_v in_o both_o case_n give_v judgement_n that_o he_o that_o so_o kill_v a_o man_n shall_v forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n debt_n and_o duty_n ph._n if_o we_o consider_v what_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v 1_o inst._n sect._n 745._o at_o the_o word_n felony_n these_o judgement_n be_v very_o favourable_a for_o there_o he_o say_v that_o kill_v of_o a_o man_n by_o chance-medley_n or_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la be_v felony_n his_o word_n be_v wherefore_o by_o the_o law_n at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o word_n felony_n in_o commission_n etc._n etc._n be_v include_v petit_n treason_n murder_n homicide_n burn_v of_o house_n burglary_n robbery_n rape_n etc._n etc._n chance-medley_n and_o se_fw-la defendendo_fw-la but_o if_o we_o consider_v only_o the_o intent_n of_o he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o misfortune_n or_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n the_o same_o judgement_n will_v be_v think_v both_o cruel_a and_o sinful_a judgement_n and_o how_o they_o can_v be_v felony_n at_o this_o day_n can_v be_v understand_v unless_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n to_o make_v they_o so_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o h._n 3._o cap._n 25._o the_o word_n whereof_o murder_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v not_o be_v judge_v before_o our_o justice_n where_o it_o be_v find_v misfortune_n only_o but_o it_o shall_v take_v place_n in_o such_o as_o be_v slay_v by_o felony_n and_o not_o otherwise_o make_v it_o manifest_a if_o they_o be_v felony_n they_o must_v also_o be_v murder_n unless_o they_o have_v be_v make_v felony_n by_o some_o latter_a statute_n la._n there_o be_v no_o such_o latter_a statute_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o say_v in_o commission_n nor_o can_v a_o commission_n or_o any_o thing_n but_o another_o statute_n make_v a_o thing_n felony_n that_o be_v not_o so_o before_o ph._n see_v what_o it_o be_v for_o a_o man_n to_o distinguish_v felony_n into_o several_a sort_n before_o he_o understand_v the_o general_a name_n of_o felony_n what_o it_o mean_v but_o that_o a_o man_n for_o kill_v another_o man_n by_o misfortune_n only_o without_o any_o evil_a purpose_n shall_v forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chartel_n debt_n and_o duty_n be_v a_o very_a hard_a judgement_n unless_o perhaps_o they_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o kindred_n of_o the_o man_n slay_v by_o way_n of_o amends_o for_o damage_n but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o that_o be_v it_o the_o common-law_n which_o be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n that_o justify_v this_o judgement_n or_o the_o statute-law_n it_o can_v be_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n if_o the_o case_n be_v mere_a misfortune_n if_o a_o man_n be_v upon_o his_o appletree_n to_o gather_v his_o apple_n and_o by_o ill_a fortune_n fall_v down_o and_o light_v on_o the_o head_n of_o another_o man_n kill_v he_o and_o by_o good_a fortune_n save_v himself_o shall_v he_o for_o this_o mischance_n be_v punish_v with_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o his_o good_n to_o the_o king_n do_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n warrant_v this_o he_o shall_v you_o will_v say_n have_v look_v to_o his_o foot_n that_o be_v true_a but_o so_o shall_v he_o that_o be_v under_o have_v look_v up_o to_o the_o tree_n therefore_o in_o this_o case_n the_o law_n of_o reason_n as_o i_o think_v dictate_v that_o they_o ought_v each_o of_o they_o to_o bear_v his_o own_o misfortune_n la._n in_o this_o case_n i_o agree_v with_o you_o ph._n but_o this_o case_n be_v the_o true_a case_n of_o mere_a misfortune_n and_o a_o sufficient_a reprehension_n of_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n la._n but_o what_o if_o this_o have_v happen_v to_o be_v do_v by_o one_o that_o have_v be_v steal_v apple_n upon_o the_o tree_n
can_v conceive_v i_o understand_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n be_v get_v by_o much_o study_n as_o all_o other_o science_n be_v which_o when_o they_o be_v study_v and_o obtain_v it_o be_v still_o do_v by_o natural_a and_o not_o by_o artificial_a reason_n i_o grant_v you_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n be_v a_o art_n but_o not_o that_o any_o art_n of_o one_o man_n or_o of_o many_o how_o wise_a soever_o they_o be_v or_o the_o work_n of_o one_o and_o more_o artificer_n how_o perfect_a soever_o it_o be_v be_v law_n it_o be_v not_o wisdom_n but_o authority_n that_o make_v a_o law_n obscure_a also_o be_v the_o word_n legal_a reason_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n in_o earthly_a creature_n but_o humane_a reason_n but_o i_o suppose_v that_o he_o mean_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o judge_n or_o of_o all_o the_o judge_n together_o without_o the_o king_n be_v that_o summa_fw-la ratio_fw-la and_o the_o very_a law_n which_o i_o deny_v because_o none_o can_v make_v a_o law_n but_o he_o that_o have_v the_o legislative_a power_n that_o the_o law_n have_v be_v fine_v by_o grave_a and_o learned_a man_n mean_v the_o professor_n of_o the_o law_n be_v manifest_o untrue_a for_o all_o the_o law_n of_o england_n have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n consult_v with_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n of_o which_o not_o one_o of_o twenty_o be_v a_o learned_a lawyer_n law_n you_o speak_v of_o the_o statute_n law_n and_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o common_a law_n ph._n i_o speak_v general_o of_o law_n la._n thus_o far_o i_o agree_v with_o you_o that_o statute_n law_n take_v away_o there_o will_v not_o be_v leave_v either_o here_o or_o any_o where_o any_o law_n at_o all_o that_o will_v conduce_v to_o the_o peace_n of_o a_o nation_n yet_o equity_n and_o reason_n which_o law_n divine_a and_o eternal_a which_o oblige_v all_o man_n at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o place_n will_v still_o remain_v but_o be_v obey_v by_o few_o and_o though_o the_o breach_n of_o they_o be_v not_o punish_v in_o this_o world_n yet_o they_o will_v be_v punish_v sufficient_o in_o the_o world_n to_o come_v sir_n edw._n coke_n for_o draw_v to_o the_o man_n of_o his_o own_o profession_n as_o much_o authority_n as_o lawful_o he_o may_v be_v not_o to_o be_v reprehend_v but_o to_o the_o gravity_n and_o learning_n of_o the_o judge_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v add_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n which_o have_v the_o sovereignty_n for_o of_o these_o law_n of_o reason_n every_o subject_a that_o be_v in_o his_o wit_n be_v bind_v to_o take_v notice_n at_o his_o peril_n because_o reason_n be_v part_n of_o his_o nature_n which_o he_o continual_o carry_v about_o with_o he_o and_o may_v read_v it_o if_o he_o will_n ph._n it_o be_v very_o true_a and_o upon_o this_o ground_n if_o i_o pretend_v within_o a_o month_n or_o two_o to_o make_v myself_o able_a to_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n you_o be_v not_o to_o think_v it_o arrogance_n for_o you_o be_v to_o allow_v to_o i_o as_o well_o as_o to_o other_o man_n my_o pretence_n to_o reason_n which_o be_v the_o common_a law_n remember_v this_o that_o i_o may_v not_o need_v again_o to_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n that_o reason_n be_v the_o common_a law_n and_o for_o statute_n law_n see_v it_o be_v print_v and_o that_o there_o be_v index_n to_o point_v i_o to_o every_o matter_n contain_v in_o they_o i_o think_v a_o man_n may_v profit_v in_o they_o very_o much_o in_o two_o month_n law_n but_o you_o will_v be_v but_o a_o ill_a pleader_n ph._n a_o pleader_n common_o think_v he_o ought_v to_o say_v all_o he_o can_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o client_n and_o therefore_o have_v need_n of_o a_o faculty_n to_o wrest_v the_o sense_n of_o word_n from_o their_o true_a meaning_n and_o the_o faculty_n of_o rhetoric_n to_o seduce_v the_o jury_n and_o sometime_o the_o judge_n also_o and_o many_o other_o art_n which_o i_o neither_o have_v nor_o intend_v to_o study_v la._n but_o let_v the_o judge_n how_o good_a soever_o he_o think_v his_o reason_v take_v heed_n that_o he_o depart_v not_o too_o much_o from_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o statute_n for_o it_o be_v not_o without_o danger_n ph._n he_o may_v without_o danger_n recede_v from_o the_o letter_n if_o he_o do_v not_o from_o the_o meaning_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n which_o may_v be_v by_o a_o learned_a man_n such_o as_o judge_n common_o be_v easy_o find_v out_o by_o the_o preamble_n the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v and_o the_o incommodity_n for_o which_o it_o be_v make_v but_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o to_o what_o end_n be_v statute-law_n ordain_v see_v the_o law_n of_o reason_n ought_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o every_o controversy_n that_o can_v arise_v la._n you_o be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o force_n of_o a_o irregular_a appetite_n to_o riches_n to_o power_n and_o to_o sensual_a pleasure_n how_o it_o master_v the_o strong_a reason_n and_o be_v the_o root_n of_o disobedience_n slaughter_n fraud_n hypocrisy_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o evil_a habit_n and_o that_o the_o law_n of_o man_n though_o they_o can_v punish_v the_o fruit_n of_o they_o which_o be_v evil_a action_n yet_o they_o can_v pluck_v up_o the_o root_n that_o be_v in_o the_o heart_n how_o can_v a_o man_n be_v indict_v of_o avarice_n envy_n hypocrisy_n or_o other_o vicious_a habit_n till_o it_o be_v declare_v by_o some_o action_n which_o a_o witness_n may_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o root_n remain_v new_a fruit_n will_v come_v forth_o till_o you_o be_v weary_a of_o punish_v and_o at_o last_o destroy_v all_o power_n that_o shall_v oppose_v it_o ph._n what_o hope_v then_o be_v there_o of_o a_o constant_a peace_n in_o any_o nation_n or_o between_o one_o nation_n and_o another_o la._n you_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v such_o a_o peace_n between_o two_o nation_n because_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n in_o this_o world_n to_o punish_v their_o injustice_n mutual_a fear_n may_v keep_v they_o quiet_a for_o a_o time_n but_o upon_o every_o visible_a advantage_n they_o will_v invade_v one_o another_o and_o the_o most_o visible_a advantage_n be_v then_o when_o the_o one_o nation_n be_v obedient_a to_o their_o king_n and_o the_o other_o not_o but_o peace_n at_o home_n may_v then_o be_v expect_v durable_a when_o the_o common_a people_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o see_v the_o benefit_n they_o shall_v receive_v by_o their_o obedience_n and_o adhaesion_n to_o their_o own_o sovereign_n and_o the_o harm_n they_o must_v suffer_v by_o take_v part_n with_o they_o who_o by_o promise_n of_o reformation_n or_o change_v of_o government_n deceive_v they_o and_o this_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v do_v by_o divine_n and_o from_o argument_n not_o only_o from_o reason_n but_o also_o from_o the_o holy_a scripture_n ph._n this_o that_o you_o say_v be_v true_a but_o not_o very_o much_o to_o that_o i_o aim_v at_o by_o your_o conversation_n which_o be_v to_o inform_v myself_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o england_n 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the_o sustain_n of_o his_o sovereign_a power_n be_v to_o destroy_v the_o propriety_n he_o pretend_v to_o the_o next_o thing_n i_o will_v ask_v you_o be_v how_o you_o distinguish_v between_o law_n and_o right_n or_o lex_fw-la and_o jus._n la._n sir_n ed._n coke_n in_o divers_a place_n make_v lex_n and_o jus_n to_o be_v the_o same_o and_o so_o lex_fw-la communis_fw-la and_o jus_fw-la communis_fw-la to_o be_v all_o one_o nor_o do_v i_o find_v that_o he_o do_v in_o any_o place_n distinguish_v they_o ph._n then_o will_v i_o distinguish_v they_o and_o make_v you_o judge_v whether_o my_o distinction_n be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v know_v by_o every_o author_n of_o the_o common_a law_n for_o law_n oblige_v i_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v the_o do_v of_o something_o and_o therefore_o it_o lie_v upon_o i_o a_o obligation_n but_o my_o right_n be_v a_o liberty_n leave_v i_o by_o the_o law_n to_o do_v any_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n forbid_v i_o not_o and_o to_o leave_v undo_v any_o thing_n 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right_n of_o sovereignty_n bracton_n the_o most_o authentic_a author_n of_o the_o common_a law_n fol._n 55._o say_v thus_o ipse_fw-la dominus_fw-la rex_fw-la habet_fw-la omne_fw-la jura_n in_fw-la manu_fw-la suâ_fw-la est_fw-la dei_fw-la vicarius_fw-la habet_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la pacis_fw-la habet_fw-la etiam_fw-la coercionem_fw-la ut_fw-la delinquentes_fw-la puniat_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la suâ_fw-la leges_fw-la nihil_fw-la enim_fw-la prodest_fw-la jura_n condere_fw-la nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la qui_fw-la jura_n tueatur_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n have_v all_o right_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n be_v god_n vicar_n he_o have_v all_o that_o concern_v the_o peace_n he_o have_v the_o power_n to_o punish_v delinquent_n all_o the_o law_n be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o make_v law_n be_v to_o no_o purpose_n unless_o there_o be_v somebody_o to_o make_v they_o obey_v if_o bracton_n law_n be_v reason_n as_o i_o and_o you_o think_v it_o be_v what_o temporal_a power_n be_v there_o which_o the_o king_n have_v not_o see_v that_o at_o this_o day_n all_o the_o power_n spiritual_n which_o bracton_n allow_v the_o pope_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o crown_n what_o be_v there_o that_o the_o king_n can_v do_v except_v sin_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o same_o bracton_n lib._n 21._o c._n 8._o say_v thus_o si_fw-la autem_fw-la a_o rege_fw-la petitur_fw-la cum_fw-la breve_fw-la non_fw-la curret_fw-la contra_fw-la ipsum_fw-la locus_fw-la erit_fw-la supplicationi_fw-la quod_fw-la factum_fw-la suum_fw-la corrigat_fw-la &_o emendet_fw-la quod_fw-la quidem_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la fecerit_fw-la satis_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ad_fw-la poenam_fw-la quod_fw-la dominum_fw-la expectet_fw-la vltorem_fw-la nemo_fw-la quidem_fw-la de_fw-la factis_fw-la ejus_fw-la praesumat_fw-la disputare_fw-la multo_fw-la fortius_fw-la contra_fw-la factum_fw-la ejus_fw-la venire_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o any_o thing_n be_v demand_v of_o the_o king_n see_v a_o writ_n lie_v not_o against_o he_o he_o be_v put_v to_o his_o petition_n pray_v he_o to_o correct_v and_o amend_v his_o own_o fact_n which_o if_o he_o will_v not_o do_v it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a penalty_n for_o he_o that_o he_o be_v to_o expect_v a_o punishment_n from_o the_o lord_n no_o man_n may_v presume_v to_o dispute_v of_o what_o he_o do_v much_o less_o to_o resist_v he_o you_o see_v by_o this_o that_o this_o doctrine_n concern_v the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n so_o much_o cry_v down_o by_o the_o long_a parliament_n be_v the_o ancient_a common-law_n and_o that_o the_o only_a bridle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n aught_o to_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n and_o again_o bracton_n c._n 24._o of_o the_o second_o book_n say_v that_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n can_v be_v grant_v away_o ea_fw-la vero_fw-la quae_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la &_o ea_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la justitiae_fw-la &_o paci_n annexa_fw-la ad_fw-la nullum_fw-la pertinent_a nisi_fw-la ad_fw-la coronam_fw-la &_o dignitatem_fw-la regiam_fw-la nec_fw-la a_o corona_n separari_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la a_o privata_fw-la persona_fw-la possideri_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o jurisdiction_n and_o peace_n and_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v annex_v to_o justice_n and_o peace_n appertain_v to_o none_o but_o to_o the_o crown_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n nor_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o crown_n nor_o be_v possess_v by_o a_o private_a person_n again_o you_o will_v find_v in_o fleta_n a_o law-book_n write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 2._o that_o liberty_n though_o grant_v by_o the_o king_n if_o they_o tend_v to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o justice_n or_o subversion_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v nor_o allow_v for_o in_o that_o book_n c._n 20._o concern_v article_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a be_v to_o inquire_v of_o the_o 54th_o article_n be_v this_o you_o shall_v inquire_v 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be_v the_o lord-chief-justice_n make_v now_o la._n by_o these_o
examinâ—â—_n judgement_n give_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n la._n you_o deny_v not_o but_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o england_n the_o kings-bench_n may_v examine_v the_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o court_n of_o common-plea_n ph._n it_o be_v true_a but_o why_o may_v not_o also_o the_o court_n of_o chancery_n do_v the_o same_o especial_o if_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o judgement_n be_v against_o equity_n and_o not_o against_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o law_n la._n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o that_o for_o the_o same_o court_n may_v examine_v both_o the_o letter_n and_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o statute_n ph._n you_o see_v by_o this_o that_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o court_n can_v easy_o be_v distinguish_v but_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o his_o parliament_n the_o lawyer_n themselves_o can_v do_v it_o for_o you_o see_v what_o contention_n there_o be_v between_o court_n as_o well_o as_o between_o particular_a men._n and_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o law_n of_o 4_o 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that_o that_o shall_v be_v against_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o can_v be_v take_v from_o it_o by_o any_o subject_a for_o that_o argument_n of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v away_o all_o his_o judicial_a power_n be_v worth_a nothing_o because_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o he_o can_v give_v away_o the_o essential_a right_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o because_o by_o a_o non-obstante_a he_o declare_v he_o be_v not_o deceive_v in_o his_o grant_n la._n but_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o precedent_n allege_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n the_o contrary_a have_v be_v perpetual_o practise_v ph._n i_o see_v not_o that_o perpetual_o for_o who_o can_v tell_v but_o there_o may_v have_v be_v give_v other_o judgement_n in_o such_o case_n
it_o and_o break_v his_o neck_n but_o by_o the_o same_o chance_n save_v his_o own_o life_n sir_n edw._n coke_n it_o seem_v will_v have_v he_o hang_v for_o it_o as_o if_o he_o have_v fall_v of_o prepense_a malice_n all_o that_o can_v be_v call_v crime_n in_o this_o business_n be_v but_o a_o simple_a trespass_n to_o the_o damage_n perhaps_o of_o sixpence_n or_o a_o shilling_n i_o confess_v the_o trespass_n be_v a_o offence_n against_o the_o law_n but_o the_o fall_n be_v none_o nor_o be_v it_o by_o the_o trespass_n but_o by_o the_o fall_a that_o the_o man_n be_v slay_v and_o as_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v quit_v of_o the_o kill_n so_o he_o ought_v to_o make_v restitution_n for_o the_o trespass_n but_o i_o believe_v the_o cause_n of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n mistake_n be_v his_o not_o well_o understanding_n of_o bracton_n who_o he_o cite_v in_o the_o margin_n for_o 1206_o he_o say_v thus_o sed_fw-la hic_fw-la erit_fw-la distinguendum_fw-la utrum_fw-la quis_fw-la dederit_fw-la operam_fw-la rei_fw-la licitae_fw-la vel_fw-la illicitae_fw-la si_fw-la illicitae_fw-la ut_fw-la si_fw-la bapidem_fw-la projiciebat_fw-la quis_fw-la versus_fw-la locum_fw-la per_fw-la quem_fw-la consueverunt_fw-la homines_fw-la transitum_fw-la facere_fw-la vel_fw-la dum_fw-la insequitur_fw-la equum_fw-la vel_fw-la bovem_fw-la &_o aliquis_fw-la ab_fw-la equo_fw-la vel_fw-la a_o above_o percussus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o hujusmodi_fw-la hoc_fw-la imputatur_fw-la ei_fw-la i._n e._n but_o here_o we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v whether_o a_o man_n be_v upon_o a_o lawful_a or_o unlawful_a business_n if_o a_o unlawful_a as_o he_o that_o throw_v a_o stone_n into_o a_o place_n where_o man_n use_v to_o pass_v or_o if_o he_o chase_v a_o horse_n or_o a_o ox_n and_o thereby_o the_o man_n be_v strike_v by_o the_o horse_n or_o the_o ox_n this_o shall_v be_v impute_v to_o he_o and_o it_o be_v most_o reasonable_a for_o the_o do_n of_o such_o a_o unlawful_a act_n as_o be_v here_o mean_v be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n 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se_fw-la unless_o it_o be_v first_o prove_v he_o be_v compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la ph._n how_o can_v that_o be_v prove_v of_o a_o man_n dead_a especial_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o any_o witness_n that_o a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n he_o speak_v as_o other_o man_n use_v to_o do_v this_o be_v a_o hard_a place_n and_o before_o you_o take_v it_o for_o common-law_n it_o have_v need_v to_o be_v clear_v la._n i_o will_v think_v on_o it_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n of_o 3_o hen._n 7._o c._n 14._o which_o make_v it_o felony_n in_o any_o of_o the_o king_n houshold-servant_n under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o lord_n to_o compass_n the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o the_o king_n privy-council_n the_o word_n be_v these_o that_o from_o henceforth_o the_o steward_n treasurer_n and_o controller_n of_o the_o king_n house_n for_o that_o time_n be_v or_o one_o of_o they_o have_v full_a authority_n and_o power_n to_o inquire_v by_o 12_o sad_a man_n and_o discreet_a person_n of_o the_o chequer-roll_n of_o the_o king_n be_v honourable_a household_n if_o any_o servant_n admit_v to_o his_o servant_n swear_v and_o his_o name_n put_v into_o the_o chequer-roll_n whatsoever_o he_o be_v serve_v in_o any_o manner_n office_n or_o room_n repute_v have_v or_o take_v under_o the_o state_n of_o a_o lord_n make_v any_o confederacy_n compassing_n conspiracy_n or_o imagination_n with_o any_o person_n to_o destroy_v or_o murder_v the_o king_n or_o any_o lord_n of_o this_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o person_n swear_v to_o the_o king_n council_n steward_z treasurer_n or_o controller_n of_o the_o king_n house_n and_o if_o such_o misdoer_n shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a by_o confession_n or_o otherwise_o that_o the_o say_a offence_n shall_v be_v judge_v felony_n ph._n it_o appear_v by_o this_o statute_n that_o not_o only_o the_o compass_v the_o death_n as_o you_o say_v of_o a_o privy-councillor_n but_o also_o of_o any_o lord_n of_o this_o realm_n be_v felony_n if_o it_o be_v do_v by_o any_o of_o the_o king_n household_n servant_n that_o be_v not_o a_o lord_n la._n no_o sir_n edw._n coke_n upon_o these_o word_n any_o lord_n of_o this_o realm_n or_o other_o person_n swear_v of_o the_o king_n council_n infer_v 4_o inst._n p._n 38._o that_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o lord_n only_o as_o be_v a_o privy-councillor_n ph._n for_o bar_v of_o the_o lord_n of_o parliament_n from_o this_o privilege_n he_o strain_v this_o statute_n a_o little_o far_a in_o my_o opinion_n than_o it_o reach_v of_o itself_o but_o how_o be_v such_o felony_n to_o be_v try_v la._n the_o indictment_n be_v to_o be_v find_v before_o the_o steward_n treasurer_n and_o controller_n of_o the_o king_n house_n or_o one_o of_o they_o by_o 12_o of_o the_o king_n household_n servant_n the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n for_o the_o trial_n must_v be_v 12_o other_o of_o the_o king_n servant_n and_o the_o judge_n be_v again_o the_o steward_n treasurer_n and_o controller_n of_o the_o king_n house_n or_o 2_o of_o they_o and_o yet_o i_o see_v that_o these_o man_n be_v not_o usual_o great_a student_n of_o the_o law_n ph._n you_o may_v hereby_o be_v assure_v that_o either_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n be_v very_o much_o oversee_v in_o choose_v such_o officer_n perpetual_o for_o the_o time_n be_v to_o be_v judge_n in_o a_o trial_n at_o the_o common-law_n or_o else_o that_o sir_n edw._n coke_n presume_v too_o much_o to_o appropriate_v all_o the_o judicature_n both_o in_o law_n and_o equity_n to_o the_o common-lawyer_n as_o if_o neither_o lay-person_n man_n of_o honour_n nor_o any_o of_o the_o lord_n spiritual_a who_o be_v the_o most_o verse_v in_o the_o examination_n of_o equity_n and_o case_n of_o conscience_n when_o they_o hear_v the_o statute_n read_v and_o plead_v be_v unfit_a to_o judge_n of_o the_o intention_n and_o meaning_n of_o the_o same_o i_o know_v that_o neither_o such_o great_a person_n nor_o bishop_n have_v ordinary_o so_o much_o spare_v time_n from_o their_o ordinary_a employment_n as_o to_o 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bishop_n and_o right_o of_o advowsan_n and_o presentation_n belong_v to_o himself_o and_o to_o the_o nobility_n that_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o such_o bishopric_n abbey_n and_o other_o benefice_n and_o he_o enact_v far_o that_o if_o any_o clerk_n which_o he_o or_o any_o of_o his_o subject_n shall_v present_v shall_v be_v disturb_v by_o any_o such_o provisor_n that_o such_o provisor_n or_o disturber_n shall_v be_v attach_v by_o his_o body_n and_o if_o convict_a lie_v in_o prison_n till_o he_o be_v ransom_v at_o the_o king_n will_v and_o have_v satisfy_v the_o party_n grieve_v renouced_a his_o title_n and_o sound_a surety_n not_o to_o sue_v for_o it_o any_o far_o and_o that_o if_o they_o can_v not_o be_v find_v than_o exigent_n shall_v go_v forth_o to_o outlawrie_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o benefice_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v take_v into_o the_o king_n hand_n and_o the_o same_o statute_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o 27_o year_n of_o king_n ed._n the_o 3d_o which_o statute_n 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court_n shall_v be_v out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n lose_v his_o inheritance_n and_o all_o his_o good_n personal_a and_o real_a and_o if_o take_v be_v keep_v in_o prison_n all_o his_o life_n this_o statute_n can_v be_v by_o sir_n edw._n coke_n torture_v make_v to_o say_v it_o beside_o such_o man_n be_v ignorant_a in_o what_o court_v they_o be_v to_o seek_v their_o remedy_n and_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n confirm_v by_o perpetual_a usage_n that_o such_o ignorant_a man_n shall_v be_v guide_v by_o their_o council_n at_o law_n it_o be_v manifest_a therefore_o that_o the_o maker_n of_o the_o statute_n intend_v not_o to_o prohibit_v man_n from_o their_o sue_n for_o their_o right_n neither_o in_o the_o chancery_n nor_o in_o the_o admiralty_n nor_o in_o any_o other_o court_n except_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n which_o have_v their_o jurisdiction_n from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n again_o where_o the_o statute_n say_v which_o do_v sue_v in_o any_o other_o court_n or_o defeat_v a_o 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and_o that_o no_o depute_a judge_n can_v punish_v a_o offender_n but_o by_o force_n of_o some_o statute_n or_o by_o the_o word_n of_o some_o commission_n and_o not_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la they_o may_v for_o a_o contempt_n of_o their_o court_n because_o it_o be_v a_o contempt_n of_o the_o king_n imprison_v a_o man_n during_o the_o king_n pleasure_n or_o fine_a he_o to_o the_o king_n according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o offence_n but_o all_o this_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o to_o leave_v he_o to_o the_o king_n judgement_n as_o for_o cut_v off_o of_o ear_n and_o for_o the_o pillory_n and_o the_o like_a corporal_a punishment_n usual_o inflict_v heretofore_o in_o the_o star-chamber_n they_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o hen._n 7._o that_o give_v they_o power_n to_o punish_v sometime_o by_o discretion_n and_o general_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o reason_n that_o every_o judge_n of_o crime_n in_o case_n the_o positive_a law_n appoint_v no_o punishment_n and_o he_o 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reason_n but_o by_o custom_n without_o reason_n for_o if_o a_o custom_n be_v reasonable_a then_o both_o he_o and_o other_o learned_a lawyer_n say_v it_o be_v common-law_n and_o if_o unreasonable_a no_o law_n at_o all_o la._n i_o believe_v sir_n edw._n coke_n meaning_n be_v no_o other_o than_o you_o in_o this_o point_n but_o that_o he_o insert_v the_o word_n custom_n because_o there_o be_v not_o many_o that_o can_v distinguish_v between_o custom_n reasonable_a and_o unreasonable_a ph._n but_o custom_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n have_v more_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o statute_n than_o of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n especial_o where_o the_o question_n be_v not_o of_o land_n and_o good_n but_o of_o punishment_n which_o be_v to_o be_v define_v only_o by_o authority_n now_o to_o come_v to_o particular_n what_o punishment_n be_v due_a by_o law_n for_o high_a treason_n la._n to_o be_v draw_v upon_o a_o hurdle_n from_o the_o prison_n to_o the_o gallow_n and_o there_o to_o be_v hang_v by_o the_o neck_n and_o lay_v upon_o the_o ground_n alive_a and_o have_v his_o bowel_n take_v out_o and_o burn_v whilst_o he_o be_v yet_o live_v to_o have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o his_o body_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n and_o his_o head_n and_o quarter_n to_o be_v place_v as_o the_o king_n shall_v assign_v ph._n see_v a_o judge_n ought_v to_o give_v judgement_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o that_o this_o judgement_n be_v not_o appoint_v by_o any_o statute_n how_o do_v sir_n edw._n coke_n warrant_v it_o by_o reason_n or_o how_o by_o custom_n la._n only_o thus_o reason_v it_o be_v that_o his_o body_n land_n good_n posterity_n etc._n etc._n shall_v be_v tear_v pull_v asunder_o and_o destroy_v that_o intend_v to_o destroy_v the_o majesty_n of_o government_n ph._n see_v how_o he_o avoid_v the_o say_n the_o majesty_n of_o the_o king_n but_o do_v not_o this_o reason_n make_v as_o much_o for_o punish_v a_o traitor_n as_o metius_n suffetius_n in_o old_a time_n be_v execute_v by_o tullus_n hostilius_n king_n of_o rome_n or_o as_o ravillac_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o in_o france_n who_o be_v tear_v in_o piece_n by_o four_o horse_n as_o it_o do_v for_o draw_v hang_v and_o quarter_a la._n i_o think_v it_o do_v but_o he_o confirm_v it_o also_o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n by_o holy_a scripture_n thus_o joab_n for_o treason_n 1_o king_n 2._o 28._o be_v draw_v from_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o altar_n that_o be_v proof_n for_o draw_v upon_o a_o hurdle_n esth._n 2._o 22._o bithan_n for_o treason_n be_v hang_v there_o be_v for_o hang_v acts._n 1._o 18._o judas_n hang_v himself_o and_o his_o bowel_n be_v pour_v out_o there_o be_v for_o hanging_n and_o embowel_v alive_a 2_o sam._n 18._o 14._o joab_n pierce_v absalom_n heart_n that_o be_v proof_n for_o pull_v out_o a_o traitor_n heart_n 2_o sam._n 20._o 22._o sheba_n the_o son_n of_o bichri_fw-la have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o which_o be_v proof_n that_o a_o traitor_n head_n ought_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o 2_o sam._n 4._o 12._o they_o slay_v baanah_n and_o rechab_n and_o hang_v up_o their_o head_n over_o the_o pool_n of_o hebron_n this_o be_v for_o set_v up_o of_o quarter_n and_o last_o for_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n and_o good_n psal._n 109._o v_o 9_o 10._o etc._n etc._n let_v their_o child_n be_v drive_v out_o and_o beg_v and_o other_o man_n make_v spoil_v of_o their_o labour_n and_o let_v their_o memory_n be_v blot_v out_o of_o the_o land_n ph._n learned_o say_v and_o no_o record_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v of_o the_o judgement_n also_o the_o punishment_n divide_v between_o those_o traitor_n must_v be_v join_v in_o one_o judgement_n for_o a_o traitor_n here_o la._n he_o mean_v none_o of_o this_o but_o intend_v his_o hand_n be_v in_o to_o show_v his_o read_n or_o his_o chaplain_n in_o the_o bible_n ph._n see_v then_o for_o the_o specify_v of_o the_o punishment_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n he_o bring_v no_o argument_n from_o natural_a reason_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o common_a law_n and_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o general_a custom_n of_o the_o land_n the_o same_o be_v rare_o or_o never_o execute_v upon_o any_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o the_o king_n may_v remit_v the_o whole_a penalty_n if_o he_o will_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o specify_v of_o the_o punishment_n depend_v mere_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n but_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o judge_n ought_v to_o give_v other_o judgement_n than_o have_v be_v usual_o give_v and_o approve_v either_o by_o a_o statute_n or_o by_o consent_n express_v or_o employ_v of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n but_o of_o a_o man_n subject_n to_o the_o law_n la._n in_o petit_fw-fr treason_n the_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n and_o hang_v by_o the_o neck_n or_o if_o it_o be_v a_o woman_n to_o be_v draw_v and_o burn_v ph._n can_v you_o imagine_v that_o this_o so_o nice_a a_o distinction_n can_v have_v any_o other_o foundation_n than_o the_o wit_n of_o a_o private_a man_n la._n sir_n edw._n coke_n upon_o this_o place_n say_v that_o she_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v behead_v or_o hang_v ph._n no_o not_o by_o the_o judge_n who_o ought_v to_o give_v no_o other_o judgement_n than_o the_o statute_n or_o the_o king_n appoint_v nor_o the_o sheriff_n to_o make_v other_o execution_n than_o the_o judge_n pronounce_v unless_o he_o have_v a_o special_a warrant_n from_o the_o king_n and_o this_o i_o shall_v have_v think_v he_o have_v mean_v have_v he_o not_o say_v before_o that_o the_o king_n have_v give_v away_o all_o his_o right_n of_o judicature_n to_o his_o court_n of_o
king_n after_o the_o report_n of_o the_o judge_n hear_v give_v the_o sheriff_n command_v to_o do_v it_o four_o that_o the_o general_a verdict_n of_o the_o king_n hinder_v not_o the_o king_n but_o that_o he_o may_v judge_v of_o it_o upon_o the_o special_a matter_n for_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o a_o ill-disposed_a person_n provoke_v a_o man_n with_o word_n or_o otherwise_o on_o purpose_n to_o make_v he_o draw_v his_o sword_n that_o he_o may_v kill_v he_o and_o pretend_v it_o do_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n which_o appear_v the_o king_n may_v without_o any_o offence_n to_o god_n punish_v he_o as_o the_o cause_n shall_v require_v last_o contrary_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o sir_n edw._n coke_n he_o may_v in_o his_o own_o person_n be_v judge_n in_o the_o case_n and_o annul_v the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n which_o a_o depute_a judge_n can_v do_v la._n there_o be_v some_o case_n wherein_o a_o man_n though_o by_o the_o jury_n he_o be_v find_v not_o guilty_a shall_v nevertheless_o forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n to_o the_o king_n for_o example_n a_o man_n be_v slay_v and_o one_o a._n hate_v b._n give_v out_o that_o it_o be_v b._n that_o slay_v he_o b._n hear_v thereof_o fear_v if_o he_o be_v try_v for_o it_o that_o through_o the_o great_a power_n of_o a._n and_o other_o that_o seek_v his_o hurt_n he_o shall_v be_v condemn_v fly_v and_o afterward_o be_v take_v and_o try_v and_o upon_o sufficient_a evidence_n be_v by_o the_o jury_n find_v not_o guilty_a yet_o because_o he_o flee_v he_o shall_v forfeit_v his_o good_n and_o chattel_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o such_o judgement_n give_v by_o the_o judge_n nor_o appoint_v by_o any_o statute_n but_o the_o law_n itself_o authorise_v the_o sheriff_n to_o seize_v they_o to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n ph._n i_o see_v no_o reason_n which_o be_v common-law_n for_o it_o and_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v ground_v upon_o no_o statute_n la._n see_v sir_n edw._n coke_n inst._n 1._o sect._n 709._o and_o read_v ph._n if_o a_o man_n that_o be_v innocent_a be_v accuse_v of_o felony_n and_o for_o fear_n fly_v for_o the_o same_o albeit_o that_o he_o be_v judicial_o acquit_v of_o the_o felony_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v find_v that_o he_o flee_v for_o the_o same_o he_o shall_v notwithstanding_o his_o innocence_n forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n debt_n and_o duty_n o_o unchristian_a and_o abominable_a doctrine_n which_o also_o he_o in_o his_o own_o word_n follow_v contradict_v for_o say_v he_o as_o to_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o they_o the_o law_n will_v admit_v no_o proof_n against_o the_o presumption_n of_o the_o law_n ground_v upon_o his_o flight_n and_o so_o it_o be_v in_o many_o other_o case_n but_o that_o the_o general_a rule_n be_v quod_fw-la stabitur_fw-la praesumptioni_fw-la donec_fw-la probetur_fw-la in_o contrarium_fw-la but_o you_o see_v it_o have_v many_o exception_n this_o general_a rule_n contradict_v what_o he_o say_v before_o for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o exception_n to_o a_o general_a rule_n in_o law_n that_o be_v not_o express_o make_v a_o exception_n by_o some_o statute_n and_o to_o a_o general_a rule_n of_o equity_n there_o can_v be_v no_o exception_n at_o all_o from_o the_o power_n of_o punish_v let_v we_o proceed_v to_o the_o power_n of_o pardon_v la._n touch_v the_o power_n of_o pardon_v sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v 3_o inst._n p._n 236._o that_o no_o man_n shall_v obtain_v charter_n of_o pardon_n out_o of_o parliament_n and_o cite_v for_o it_o the_o statute_n of_o 2_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 2._o and_o say_v far_a that_o according_o in_o a_o parliament_n roll_v it_o be_v say_v that_o for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o land_n it_o will_v help_v that_o no_o pardon_n be_v grant_v but_o by_o parliament_n ph._n what_o lawful_a power_n will_v he_o have_v leave_v to_o the_o king_n that_o thus_o disable_v he_o to_o practise_v mercy_n in_o the_o statute_n which_o he_o cit_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o grant_v charter_n of_o pardon_n but_o in_o parliament_n there_o be_v no_o such_o word_n as_o any_o man_n may_v see_v for_o that_o statute_n be_v in_o print_n and_o that_o which_o he_o say_v be_v in_o the_o parliament_n roll_n be_v but_o a_o wish_n of_o he_o tell_v not_o who_o and_o not_o a_o law_n and_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o a_o private_a wish_n shall_v be_v enrol_v among_o act_n of_o parliament_n if_o a_o man_n do_v you_o a_o injury_n to_o who_o think_v you_o belong_v the_o right_a of_o pardon_v it_o la._n doubtless_o to_o i_o alone_o if_o to_o i_o alone_o be_v do_v that_o injury_n and_o to_o the_o king_n alone_o if_o to_o he_o alone_o be_v do_v the_o injury_n and_o to_o both_o together_o if_o the_o injury_n be_v do_v to_o both_o ph._n what_o part_n then_o have_v any_o man_n in_o the_o grant_n of_o a_o pardon_n but_o the_o king_n and_o the_o party_n wrong_v if_o you_o offend_v no_o member_n of_o either_o house_n why_o shall_v you_o ask_v their_o pardon_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o a_o man_n may_v deserve_v a_o pardon_n or_o he_o may_v be_v such_o a_o one_o sometime_o as_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v need_n of_o may_v not_o the_o king_n pardon_v he_o though_o there_o be_v no_o parliament_n then_o sit_v sir_n edw._n coke_n law_n be_v too_o general_a in_o this_o point_n and_o i_o believe_v if_o he_o have_v think_v on_o it_o he_o will_v have_v except_v some_o person_n if_o not_o all_o the_o king_n child_n and_o his_o heir_n apparent_a and_o yet_o they_o be_v all_o his_o subject_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n as_o other_o men._n la._n but_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v grant_v pardon_n of_o murder_n and_o felony_n of_o his_o own_o head_n there_o will_v be_v very_o little_a safety_n for_o any_o man_n either_o out_o of_o his_o house_n or_o in_o it_o either_o by_o night_n or_o by_o day_n and_o for_o that_o very_a cause_n there_o have_v be_v many_o good_a statute_n provide_v which_o forbid_v the_o justice_n to_o allow_v of_o such_o pardon_n as_o do_v not_o special_o name_v the_o crime_n ph._n those_o statute_n i_o confess_v be_v reasonable_a and_o very_o profitable_a which_o forbid_v the_o judge_n to_o pardon_v murder_n but_o what_o statute_n be_v there_o that_o forbid_v the_o king_n to_o do_v it_o there_o be_v a_o statute_n of_o 13_o rich._n 2._o c._n 1._o wherein_o the_o king_n promise_v not_o to_o pardon_v murder_n but_o there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o clause_n for_o the_o save_n of_o the_o king_n regality_n from_o which_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o the_o king_n do_v not_o grant_v away_o that_o power_n when_o he_o think_v good_a to_o use_v it_o for_o the_o commonwealth_n such_o statute_n be_v not_o law_n to_o the_o king_n but_o to_o his_o judge_n and_o though_o the_o judge_n be_v command_v by_o the_o king_n not_o to_o allow_v pardon_n in_o many_o case_n yet_o if_o the_o king_n by_o writing_n command_v the_o judge_n to_o allow_v they_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o i_o think_v if_o the_o king_n think_v in_o his_o conscience_n it_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n he_o sin_v not_o in_o it_o but_o i_o hold_v not_o that_o the_o king_n may_v pardon_v he_o without_o sin_n if_o any_o other_o man_n be_v damnify_v by_o the_o crime_n commit_v unless_o he_o cause_v reparation_n to_o be_v make_v as_o far_o as_o the_o party_n offend_v can_v do_v it_o and_o howsoever_o be_v it_o sin_n or_o not_o sin_n there_o be_v no_o power_n in_o england_n that_o may_v resist_v he_o or_o speak_v evil_a of_o he_o lawful_o la._n sir_n edw._n coke_n deny_v not_o that_o and_o upon_o that_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n he_o say_v may_v pardon_v high_a treason_n for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o high_a treason_n but_o against_o the_o king_n ph._n that_o be_v well_o therefore_o he_o confess_v that_o whatsoever_o the_o offence_n be_v the_o king_n may_v pardon_v so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o be_v a_o injury_n to_o himself_o and_o that_o by_o his_o own_o right_n without_o breach_n of_o any_o law_n positive_a or_o natural_a or_o of_o any_o grant_n if_o his_o conscience_n tell_v he_o that_o it_o be_v not_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o you_o know_v that_o to_o judge_v of_o what_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n only_o now_o tell_v i_o what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v pardon_v la._n what_o can_v it_o be_v but_o only_o the_o offence_n if_o a_o man_n have_v do_v a_o murder_n and_o be_v pardon_v for_o the_o same_o be_v it_o not_o the_o murder_n that_o be_v pardon_v ph._n nay_o by_o your_o favour_n if_o a_o man_n be_v pardon_v for_o murder_n or_o any_o other_o offence_n it_o be_v the_o man_n that_o be_v
pardon_v the_o murder_n still_o remain_v murder_n but_o what_o be_v pardon_n la._n pardon_v as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v 3_o inst._n p._n 233_o be_v derive_v of_o per_fw-la and_o dono_fw-la and_o signify_v thorough_o to_o remit_v ph._n if_o the_o king_n remit_v the_o murder_n and_o not_o pardon_v the_o man_n that_o do_v it_o what_o do_v the_o remission_n serve_v for_o la._n you_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o when_o we_o say_v a_o murder_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o be_v pardon_v all_o englishman_n understand_v thereby_o that_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o the_o offence_n be_v the_o thing_n remit_v ph._n but_o for_o our_o understanding_n of_o one_o another_o you_o ought_v to_o have_v say_v so_o at_o first_o i_o understand_v now_o that_o to_o pardon_v murder_n or_o felony_n be_v thorough_o to_o save_v the_o offender_n from_o all_o the_o punishment_n due_a unto_o he_o by_o the_o law_n for_o his_o offence_n la._n not_o so_o for_o sir_n edw._n coke_n in_o the_o same_o chapter_n p._n 238._o say_v thus_o a_o man_n commit_v felony_n and_o be_v attaint_v thereof_o or_o be_v abjure_v the_o king_n pardon_v the_o felony_n without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o attainder_n or_o abjuration_n the_o pardon_n be_v void_a ph._n what_o be_v it_o to_o be_v attaint_v la._n to_o be_v attaint_v be_v that_o his_o blood_n be_v hold_v in_o law_n as_o stain_v and_o corrupt_v so_o that_o no_o inheritance_n can_v descend_v from_o he_o to_o his_o child_n or_o to_o any_o that_o make_v claim_v by_o he_o ph._n be_v this_o attaint_n a_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n or_o of_o the_o punishment_n la._n it_o can_v be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o crime_n because_o it_o be_v none_o of_o his_o own_o act_n it_o be_v therefore_o a_o part_n of_o the_o punishment_n viz._n a_o disherison_n of_o the_o offender_n ph._n if_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o punishment_n due_a and_o yet_o not_o pardon_v together_o with_o the_o rest_n then_o a_o pardon_n be_v not_o a_o through_o remit_v of_o the_o punishment_n as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v it_o be_v and_o what_o be_v abjuration_n la._n when_o a_o clerk_n heretofore_o be_v convict_v of_o felony_n he_o may_v have_v save_v his_o life_n by_o abjure_v the_o realm_n that_o be_v by_o depart_v the_o realm_n within_o a_o certain_a time_n appoint_v and_o take_v a_o oath_n never_o to_o return_v but_o at_o this_o day_n all_o statute_n for_o abjuration_n be_v repeal_v ph._n that_o also_o be_v a_o punishment_n and_o by_o a_o pardon_n of_o the_o felony_n pardon_v unless_o a_o statute_n be_v in_o force_n to_o the_o contrary_n there_o be_v also_o somewhat_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 13_o rich._n 2._o c._n 1._o concern_v the_o allowance_n of_o charter_n of_o pardon_n which_o i_o understand_v not_o well_o the_o word_n be_v these_o no_o charter_n of_o pardon_n for_o henceforth_o shall_v be_v allow_v before_o our_o justice_n for_o murder_n or_o for_o the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n by_o awayt_n or_o malice_n prepensed_a treason_n or_o rape_n of_o a_o woman_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v specify_v in_o the_o same_o charter_n for_o i_o think_v it_o follow_v thence_o that_o if_o the_o king_n say_v in_o his_o charter_n that_o he_o pardon_v the_o murder_n than_o he_o break_v not_o the_o statute_n because_o he_o specify_v the_o offence_n or_o if_o he_o say_v he_o pardon_v the_o kill_n by_o awayt_n or_o of_o malice_n prepense_a he_o break_v not_o the_o statute_n he_o specify_v the_o offence_n also_o if_o he_o say_v so_o much_o as_o that_o the_o judge_n can_v doubt_v of_o the_o king_n meaning_n to_o pardon_v he_o i_o think_v the_o judge_n ought_v to_o allow_v it_o because_o the_o statute_n save_v the_o king_n liberty_n and_o regality_n in_o that_o point_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o power_n to_o pardon_v he_o such_o as_o be_v these_o word_n notwithstanding_o any_o statute_n to_o the_o contrary_a be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v the_o charter_n to_o be_v allow_v for_o these_o word_n make_v it_o manifest_a that_o the_o charter_n be_v not_o grant_v upon_o surprise_n but_o to_o maintain_v and_o claim_v the_o king_n liberty_n and_o power_n to_o show_v mercy_n when_o he_o see_v cause_n the_o like_a meaning_n have_v these_o word_n perdonavimus_fw-la omnimodam_fw-la interfectionem_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v we_o have_v pardon_v the_o kill_n in_o what_o manner_n soever_o it_o be_v do_v but_o here_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o the_o king_n can_v pardon_v without_o sin_n any_o damage_n thereby_o do_v to_o another_o man_n unless_o he_o cause_v satisfaction_n to_o be_v make_v as_o far_o as_o possible_o the_o offender_n can_v but_o be_v not_o bind_v to_o satisfy_v man_n thirst_n of_o revenge_n for_o all_o revenge_n ought_v to_o proceed_v from_o god_n and_o under_o god_n from_o the_o king_n now_o beside_o in_o charter_n how_o be_v these_o offence_n specify_v la._n they_o be_v specify_v by_o their_o name_n as_o treason_n petit_fw-fr treason_n murder_n rape_n felony_n and_o the_o like_a ph._n petit_fw-fr treason_n be_v felony_n murder_n be_v felony_n so_o be_v rape_n robbery_n and_o theft_n and_o as_o sir_n edw._n coke_n say_v petit_n larceny_n be_v felony_n now_o if_o in_o a_o parliament-pardon_n or_o in_o a_o coronation-pardon_n all_o felony_n be_v pardon_v whether_o be_v petit_fw-fr larceny_n pardon_v or_o not_o la._n yes_o certain_o it_o be_v pardon_v ph._n and_o yet_o you_o see_v it_o be_v not_o specify_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n that_o have_v less_o in_o it_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o felony_n than_o there_o be_v in_o robbery_n do_v not_o therefore_o rape_n robbery_n theft_n pass_v under_o the_o pardon_n of_o all_o felony_n la._n i_o think_v they_o be_v all_o pardon_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n but_o those_o that_o be_v by_o the_o same_o statute_n except_v so_o that_o specification_n be_v needful_a only_o in_o charter_n of_o pardon_n but_o in_o general_a pardon_n not_o so_o for_o the_o statute_n 13_o rich._n 2._o cap._n 1._o forbid_v not_o the_o allowance_n of_o parliament-pardon_n or_o coronation-pardon_n and_o therefore_o the_o offence_n pardon_v need_v not_o be_v specify_v but_o may_v pass_v under_o the_o general_a word_n of_o all_o felony_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o member_n of_o the_o parliament_n who_o draw_v up_o their_o own_o pardon_n do_v not_o mean_a to_o make_v they_o as_o comprehensive_a as_o they_o can_v and_o yet_o sir_n edw._n coke_n 2_o inst._n sect._n 745._o at_o the_o word_n felony_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n for_o piracy_n be_v one_o species_n of_o felony_n and_o yet_o when_o certain_a englishman_n have_v commit_v piracy_n in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o come_v home_o into_o england_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n trust_v to_o his_o coronation-pardon_n of_o all_o felony_n they_o be_v indict_v sir_n edw._n coke_n be_v then_o attorney_n general_n of_o the_o piracy_n before_o commissioner_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o h._n 8._o and_o be_v find_v guilty_a be_v hang_v the_o reason_n he_o allege_v for_o it_o be_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v specify_v by_o the_o name_n of_o piracy_n in_o the_o pardon_n and_o therefore_o the_o pardon_n be_v not_o to_o be_v allow_v ph._n why_o ought_v it_o to_o have_v be_v specify_v more_o than_o any_o other_o felony_n he_o shall_v therefore_o have_v draw_v his_o argument_n from_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n la._n also_o he_o do_v that_o for_o the_o trial_n he_o say_v be_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o before_o commissioner_n not_o in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o lord_n admiral_n by_o the_o civil-law_n therefore_o he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o offence_n whereof_o the_o common-law_n can_v not_o take_v notice_n because_o it_o can_v not_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o men._n ph._n if_o the_o common-law_n can_v not_o or_o ought_v not_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o such_o offence_n how_o can_v the_o offender_n be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n and_o find_v guilty_a and_o hang_v as_o they_o be_v if_o the_o common-law_n take_v no_o notice_n of_o piracy_n what_o other_o offence_n be_v it_o for_o which_o they_o be_v hang_v be_v piracy_n two_o felony_n for_o one_o of_o which_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v hang_v by_o the_o civil-law_n and_o for_o the_o other_o by_o the_o common-law_n true_o i_o never_o read_v weak_a reason_n in_o any_o author_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n than_o in_o sir_n edw._n coke_n institutes_n how_o well_o soever_o he_o can_v plead_v la._n though_o i_o have_v hear_v he_o much_o reprehend_v by_o other_o as_o well_o as_o by_o you_o yet_o there_o be_v many_o excellent_a thing_n both_o for_o subtlety_n and_o for_o truth_n in_o these_o his_o institutes_n ph._n no_o better_a thing_n than_o other_o lawyer_n have_v that_o write_v of_o the_o law_n as_o of_o a_o science_n his_o
so_o nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o the_o subject_n whether_o they_o come_v into_o the_o family_n have_v no_o title_n at_o all_o to_o demand_v any_o part_n of_o the_o land_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o security_n to_o which_o also_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o contribute_v their_o whole_a strength_n and_o if_o need_v be_v their_o whole_a fortune_n for_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o any_o one_o man_n can_v protect_v all_o the_o rest_n with_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n and_o for_o the_o practice_n it_o be_v manifest_a in_o all_o conquest_n the_o land_n of_o the_o vanquish_a be_v in_o the_o sole_a power_n of_o the_o victor_n and_o at_o his_o disposal_n do_v not_o joshua_n and_o the_o high-priest_n divide_v the_o land_n of_o canaan_n in_o such_o sort_n among_o the_o tribe_n of_o israel_n as_o they_o please_v do_v not_o the_o roman_a and_o grecian_a prince_n and_o state_n according_a to_o their_o own_o discretion_n send_v out_o the_o colony_n to_o inhabit_v such_o province_n as_o they_o have_v conquer_a be_v there_o at_o this_o day_n among_o the_o turk_n any_o inheritor_n of_o land_n beside_o the_o sultan_n and_o be_v not_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n once_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n sir_n edw._n coke_n himself_o confess_v it_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o universal_a truth_n that_o all_o conquer_a land_n present_o after_o victory_n be_v the_o land_n of_o he_o that_o conquer_a they_o la._n but_o you_o know_v that_o all_o sovereign_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o double_a capacity_n viz._n a_o natural_a capacity_n as_o he_o be_v a_o man_n and_o a_o a_o politic_a capacity_n as_o a_o king_n in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n i_o grant_v you_o that_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n be_v the_o proper_a and_o only_a owner_n once_o of_o all_o the_o land_n in_o england_n but_o not_o in_o his_o natural_a capacity_n ph._n if_o he_o have_v they_o in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n than_o they_o be_v so_o his_o own_o as_o not_o to_o dispose_v of_o any_o part_n thereof_o but_o only_o to_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o people_n and_o that_o must_v be_v either_o by_o his_o own_o or_o by_o the_o people_n discretion_n that_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n but_o where_o do_v you_o find_v that_o the_o conqueror_n dispose_v of_o his_o land_n as_o he_o do_v some_o to_o englishman_n some_o to_o frenchman_n and_o some_o to_o norman_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o divers_a tenor_n as_o knight-service_n soccage_n etc._n etc._n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o that_o he_o ever_o call_v a_o parliament_n to_o have_v the_o assent_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n in_o dispose_v of_o those_o land_n he_o have_v take_v from_o they_o or_o for_o retain_v of_o such_o and_o such_o land_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n by_o the_o name_n of_o forest_n for_o his_o own_o recreation_n or_o magnificence_n you_o have_v hear_v perhaps_o that_o some_o lawyer_n or_o other_o man_n repute_v wise_a and_o good_a patriot_n have_v give_v out_o that_o all_o the_o land_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v possess_v have_v be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o people_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o shall_v therewith_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o their_o war_n and_o pay_v the_o wage_n of_o their_o minister_n and_o that_o those_o land_n be_v gain_v by_o the_o people_n money_n for_o that_o be_v pretend_v in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n when_o they_o take_v from_o the_o king_n his_o town_n of_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n but_o i_o know_v you_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o pretence_n be_v just_a it_o can_v therefore_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o land_n which_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n give_v away_o to_o englishman_n and_o other_o and_o which_o they_o now_o hold_v by_o his_o letter_n patent_n and_o other_o conveyance_n be_v proper_o and_o real_o his_o own_o or_o else_o the_o title_n of_o they_o that_o now_o hold_v they_o must_v be_v invalid_a la._n i_o assent_n as_o you_o have_v show_v i_o the_o begin_n of_o monarchy_n so_o let_v i_o hear_v your_o opinion_n concern_v their_o growth_n ph._n great_a monarchy_n have_v proceed_v from_o small_a family_n first_o by_o war_n wherein_o the_o victor_n not_o only_o enlarge_v his_o territory_n but_o also_o the_o number_n and_o riches_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o for_o other_o form_n of_o commonwealth_n they_o have_v be_v enlarge_v otherways_o first_o by_o a_o voluntary_a conjunction_n of_o many_o lord_n of_o family_n into_o one_o great_a aristocracy_n second_o by_o rebellion_n proceed_v first_o anarchy_n and_o from_o anarchy_n proceed_v any_o form_n that_o the_o calamity_n of_o they_o that_o live_v therein_o do_v prompt_v they_o to_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o choose_v a_o hereditary_a king_n or_o a_o elective_a king_n for_o life_n or_o that_o they_o agree_v upon_o a_o council_n of_o certain_a person_n which_o be_v aristocracy_n or_o a_o council_n of_o the_o whole_a people_n to_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v democracy_n after_o the_o first_o manner_n which_o be_v by_o war_n grow_v up_o all_o the_o great_a kingdom_n in_o the_o world_n viz._n the_o egyptian_a assyrian_a persian_a and_o the_o macedonian_a monarchy_n and_o so_o do_v the_o great_a kingdom_n of_o england_n france_n and_o spain_n the_o second_o manner_n be_v the_o original_n of_o the_o venetian_a aristocracy_n by_o the_o three_o way_n which_o be_v rebellion_n grow_v up_o in_o divers_a great_a monarchy_n perpetual_o change_v from_o one_o form_n to_o another_o as_o in_o rome_n rebellion_n against_o king_n produce_v democracy_n upon_o which_o the_o senate_n usurp_v under_o sylla_n and_o the_o people_n again_o upon_o the_o senate_n under_o marius_n and_o the_o emperor_n usurp_v upon_o the_o people_n under_o caesar_n and_o his_o successor_n la._n do_v you_o think_v the_o distinction_n between_o natural_a and_o politic_a capacity_n be_v insignificant_a ph._n no_o if_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o a_o assembly_n of_o man_n that_o assembly_n whether_o it_o be_v aristocratical_a or_o democratical_a may_v possess_v land_n but_o it_o be_v in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n because_o no_o natural_a man_n have_v any_o right_n to_o those_o land_n or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o can_v command_v a_o act_n by_o plurality_n of_o command_n but_o the_o command_n of_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v of_o no_o effect_n but_o when_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v in_o one_o man_n the_o natural_a and_o politic_a capacity_n be_v in_o the_o same_o person_n and_o as_o to_o possession_n of_o land_n undistinguishable_a but_o as_o to_o the_o act_n and_o command_n they_o may_v be_v well_o distinguish_v in_o this_o manner_n whatsoever_o a_o monarch_n do_v command_v or_o do_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n of_o his_o kingdom_n may_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n and_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n only_o or_o by_o letter_n sign_v with_o his_o hand_n or_o seal_v with_o any_o of_o his_o private_a seal_n be_v do_v in_o his_o natural_a capacity_n nevertheless_o his_o public_a command_n though_o they_o be_v make_v in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n have_v their_o original_n from_o his_o natural_a capacity_n for_o in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n which_o necessary_o require_v his_o assent_n his_o assent_n be_v natural_a also_o those_o act_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n previous_o to_o the_o pass_v of_o they_o under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n either_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n or_o warrant_v under_o his_o signet_n or_o privy_a seal_n be_v do_v in_o his_o natural_a capacity_n but_o when_o they_o have_v pass_v the_o seal_n of_o england_n they_o be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o do_v in_o his_o politic_a capacity_n la._n i_o think_v very_o your_o distinction_n be_v good_a for_o natural_a capacity_n and_o politic_a capacity_n signify_v no_o more_o than_o private_a and_o public_a right_n therefore_o leave_v this_o argument_n let_v we_o consider_v in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o far_o as_o history_n will_v permit_v what_o be_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n ph._n the_o saxon_n as_o also_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o germany_n not_o conquer_a by_o the_o roman_a emperor_n nor_o compel_v to_o use_v the_o imperial_a law_n be_v a_o savage_a and_o heathen_a people_n live_v only_o by_o war_n and_o rapine_n and_o as_o some_o learned_a man_n in_o the_o roman_a antiquity_n affirm_v have_v their_o name_n of_o german_n from_o that_o their_o ancient_a trade_n of_o life_n as_o if_o germane_a and_o hommes_fw-fr de_fw-fr guerre_fw-fr were_z all_o one_o their_o rule_n over_o their_o family_n servant_n and_o subject_n be_v absolute_a their_o law_n no_o other_o than_o natural_a equity_n write_v law_n they_o have_v little_a or_o none_o and_o very_o few_o there_o be_v in_o the_o time_n