capitulation to summon the States Generall and suspecting there might be some desseins against her authoritie she endevour'd to prevent it divers wayes First in the Mandats sent to the Governors of Provinces and Towns for the elections of Deputies there were speciall cautions inserted to choose no factious persons The second means was to defer the convocation of the States Generall till the Kings majority was declar'd that so his authoritie might be the more compleat and absolut whereby he might have a greater power to take into his hands her interests and oppose such resolutions that might prejudice them Lastly whereas the said convocation was appointed first to be at Rheims then at Sens she sent summons abroad that it should be held at Paris where the King was strongest by the residence of his servants the affections of all orders of people and the assistance of the ordinary Court of Parliament which is still there sitting though it was us'd to be ambulatory with the Kings Court. Now the difference which is in France between an Assembly of the three Estates and their Parliaments is that the former hath an analogie both in point of institution power and summons with our Soverain high Court of Parliament in England compos'd of Lords and Commons wherein the King sits as head and it is He alone who opens and shuts it with his breath This being the greatest of all Assemblies treats of matters touching the universall good of the State and the making correcting or repealing of laws and it is the highest Sphere which gives motion to all the rest The Parliaments of France whereof there are eight have not the same latitude of power yet are they Supreme Courts or Sessions of Justice where mens causes and differences are publikly determined in last ressort without any further appeale and any Peer of France by right of inheritance hath a capacitie to sit there The day being assign'd for publishing the Kings Majority the Queen Regent and He with his now sole brother the Duke of Anjou for his brother the Duke of Orleans was lately dead went in a stately solemn maner to the Court of Parliament accompagnied with the prime Prelats and Peers of the Kingdom and amongst them there were fower Cardinalls A contestation happen'd 'twixt the Cardinalls and Peers for precedency because the twelve Peers of France before an Ordinance made by Henry the third preceded any Prince of the bloud at the Coronation and Sacring of the King and the declaration of his Majority was an Act reflecting on that Yet the King inordred the priority for that time to the Cardinalls because they were Princes of the Church universal which made the Peers retire from the Court lest it might serve for a precedent to future Ages The Court being sat and all silenc'd the Queen Regent riss up and said That she prais'd and thank'd God to have afforded her grace to bring up her son to the yeers of his Majority and to maintain his Kingdom in peace the best she could That now he being come to age she transmitted the Government to him exhorting the company there present and all other his subjects to render him that service obedience and fidelity which is due unto him as to their King The Chancelor hereupon pronounced the Arrest of the Court importing a verification of the declaration of his Majesties Majority which was done in a solemn studied Oration This great solemnity did not end so but it was accompagnied with four wholsom Edicts as the first fruits or hansels of his raign 1. The first aym'd at a general concord 'twixt his subjects by strict injunction of observing the Edict of Nantes concerning them of the Religion 2. The second aym'd at a generall obedience prohibiting all ligues confederacy and intelligence with any strange Prince or State under pain of lifs 3. The third against Duells 4. The fourth against Blasphemy and Swearing Thus ended the Regency of Maria de Medici in form though not in effect for she swayed a good while after as Queen Mother in all Counsels the King reposing still his chief confidence in her during her Regency she did many public things which discover'd a pious and Princely soul Amongst others she provided divers Hospitalls in the suburbs of Saint German for the relief of the poor the aged and sick and to set young people at work which will continue there as long as the walls of Paris for monuments of her honour and charity The King having notice that the Deputies of the three States were com he sent the B p. of Paris to warn them in his name to fit themselfs for receiving the grace of God that so a blessing might fall upon their consultations to which purpose three daies fast was enjoyn'd them to prepare them the better for the holy Communion which was also inordred them So according to ancient custom a generall Procession was made wherein divers ranks of Fryars and Hopitalers went before then followed the Deputies of the third Estate who took place according to the rank of the 12. Governments of France and made in number 192. The Nobles followed them in number 132. They of the Clergie went last who made 140. so that in all they came to 464. which number I observe is inferior to that of the English Parliament where the Members of the House of Commons alone which corresponds the Third Estate in France come to neer upon 500. After these the King himself followed on foot accompagnied with the Queen and the Princes and Peeres The next day after all met in Bourbon House hall where the young King told them That having not long since declar'd his Majority he thought fitting to convoque the States Generall of his Kingdom to begin his raign by their good advice and Counsell to receive their complaints and provide for redres accordingly as it should be more amply told them by his Chancelor who took the word therupon This generall overture and Ceremony being ended the States Generall spent some daies to visit one another and to choosing of their three Praesidents or Prolocutors which they presented to the King with protestation of all fidelity and obedience The next day they took the Communion all in one Church going six at a time viz. two of every Order to the holy Table The Munday following they reassembled intending to fall close to work but their proceedings were retarded by some differences which interven'd touching the rank of the 12. Provinces or Governments and this clash kept a great noise till the King interpos'd therin his Authority and by the advice of his Privy Counsel which they submitted unto made this decision marshalling the 12. Governments thus 1. the Isle of France whereon Paris stands 2. Burgundy 3. Normandy 4. Guyen 5. Britany 6. Champany 7. Languedoc 8. Picardy 9. Dauphine 10. Provence 11. Lionnois 12. Orleans This being regulated by the King they fell to the main work and three Propositions were made the first by
early beames being the moneth of May corresponded with the verdant time of his age being not yet full nine yeares old so he was cradled first in the Fall and came to the crowne in the Spring The report of the monstrous parricide committed on the person of Henry the fourth did penetrate all hearts and made a strange kinde of consternation to seise upon the minds of men though it was no new thing in France to have their King torn away from them so for it was fresh in the memorie of many thousands how two and twentie yeares before Henry the third was dispatchd in that manner though the Assassin found his tombe in the very place where he did perpetrate the fact The Court of Parliament suddenly met that afternoon and declared Dame Mary de Medici Queene Regent which was the next day confirmed by the young King himselfe sitting on the bed of Iustice This was done without any opposition or scruple at all for King Henry had designd her for Regent before during his absence in the warres and the reverence that all had to the judgement of so wise and welbelovd a King advantagd the worke with a favourable conjuncture of some other circumstances for both the Princes of the blood were then absent the Count of Soissons was farre up in the Countrey where he had retird not without some discontentments The Prince of Conde was in Italy to whom an expresse was suddenly sent but the Count of Fuentes then Governour of Milan had given him the newes before of King Henries death and as some say labourd to infuse into him some aspiring thoughts for the Protectorship and so to embroyle France which tooke no effect There were also two great armies afoote one under L'esdigueres in Dauphine the other under the command of the Duke de Nevers in Champany ready to suppresse any insurrection The Queen mother being thus establishd in her Regency shee put three things in present consultation 1. The securitie of the Kingdome 2. A satisfaction to Iustice for the Assassinat 3. The obsequies of the dead King For the first it was thought fitting to re-publish the Edict of Nants in favour of them of the Religion And now the Author craves leave to give this advertisement by the way that though his intent be to draw as well as he can the Acts of this King to the life yet the Reader must not expect to have them here in their full length and in all their dimensions He must not thinke to finde Edicts Declarations Articles of Treaties Letters and such like in their entire bodies here He leaves that to the French Chroniclers such publike exemplarie precedents being more proper and usefull to the people who live under that government yet care will be had to insert here the substance of all such acts and not to pretermit any thing that is materiall and conducing to the exactnesse of the storie The first act of State as I said before was the reviving of the Edict of Nants to content them of the Religion who after the King are the powerfullest bodie in France having so many strong presidiarie townes for their securitie insomuch that they may be said to be a kinde of Republike in a Realme yet France receives this advantage of them that they are a meanes to keepe the King more narrowly within his bounds and make him more cautious in his actions They may be said to be like goats among sheepe whose smell keeps them from the shakings and other diseases so they keep the regall power from excesses In the Declaration wherein the foresaid Edict was incorporated there was also some clauses of compliance that reflected upon the Citie of Paris which was also to be pleasd Then the Princes of the blood were invited and expresses sent for them to come to the Court Governours of provinces were permitted to remain still in their commands and divers other acts of compliances and policie pass'd for prevention of discontentments and insurrection Concerning the second which was a satisfaction to Iustice and how Ravaillac should be offer'd up as a victim to her much paines were taken At his first examination they would have perswaded him that the King was not dead but like to recover whereat he smil'd saying that he knew well enough the worke was done for t' was not he but the hand of heaven that had don 't Then being ask'd how he durst embrue his hands in the bloud of Gods anointed the most Christian King and his Soverain naturall Prince at the word most Christian he smild again in a sleighting manner Being search'd there was found about him a paire of beads and a heart made of cotton with a piece of wood in 't which he was made to beleeve was a part of that very crosse whereon Christ suffer'd All meanes imaginable were essayed to make him discover if he had had any instigators or complices in this infandous plot but he still answerd positively and constantly he had none at all saying he durst never speake of it to his Confessor for feare of discovery for so he might have bin punish'd for the will without the deed yet a Iesuite and a Cordelier who were his ghostly fathers were strictly examin'd but nothing could be had out of them Hereupon there rose a nice question amongst the Divines whether the Priest be bound to reveale the confession of his penitent but 't was onely propounded and so left problematicall and indecided for that time Every one did whet his invention to devise some exquisite lasting torment for Ravaillac The Butchers of Paris who are habituated in bloud propos'd a way to flay him and the torture of excoriation should continue three daies Others gave the draught of an instrument in form of an Obelisk where he might be press'd and the torment should last a long time Others found out a way to have his body cut quite off from his hips downward and his bowels to be clap'd presently upon a hot yron plank which should preserve the other halfe of the body in pangs of agonie a long while But the court of Justice thought it not fit to invent or inflict any other punishment upon him but what the lawes allowed therefore he was condemn'd to be carried in a tombrell naked in his shirt with a flaming torch of two pound weight in his hand to the common place of execution where holding the knife wherewith he had perpetrated that most abominable parricide his hand should be first pierc'd with the said knife and so to be burn'd with fire of sulphur upon the stage That he should have buskins fill'd with boyling oile applyed to him That he should be pincer'd in the paps thighes and braun of the legs and that boyling lead should be powr'd into the one burning rozin into the other and wax melted with sulphur into the third That his body should be torn afterwards by horses all his members burn'd reduc'd to cinders and thrown into
the Clergy wherewith the Nobles joyn'd 1. That the Counsell of Trent should be publish'd through France 2. That the venality and selling of Offices should be suppressed 3. That the King should acknowledge in this Assembly to have no other superiour power on earth in his Temporalls and that he held the Crown immediatly of God alone This last Proposition was put on by the third Estate against the intention and without the concurrence of Clergy and Nobles of purpose to hinder the concession of the other two because divers of the third Estate were favourers of them of the Religion and Financiers The first Proposition was couch'd in these termes That the Oecumenical Counsel of Trent be receiv'd and publish'd in your Realms and the Constitutions thereof kept and observ'd but without prejudice to your Majesties rights the liberties of the Gallic Church the priviledges and exepmtions of Chapters Monasteries and Cominalties which his Holinesse shall be prayed may be reserv'd and to remain in their entire strength so that the publication of the said Counsell may not prejudice them any way The Third Estate protested against this alledging these reasons That in the said Counsell there were divers Decrees whereby the Spirituall invaded the Temporall rights That it would be a thing not only prejudiciall but dishonourable for France to approve of a Counsell wherein the most Christian King had received a palpable injury in the persons of his Ambassadors who were postpos'd to them of Spain which caus'd them to retire and quit the said Counsell in sense of that indignity offer'd to them who personated the first son of the Church in so public a Convention They excepted also against that clause that the Pope should be prayed the liberties of the Gallic Church might be preserv'd for that was to submit them to a forren power to the Papall authoritie whereas the said liberties are independent and originally inhaerent in the Gallican Church and contemporary with Christianity it self The difference 'twixt Liberties and Priviledges being this that the latter presuppose the concession and grant of some superior Power but liberties are originall and immemorial possessions and equall to inheritances Touching the second Proposition of the Clergy and Nobles against the venality and merchandising of Offices it was wav'd because divers of the Third Estate were either Financiers or Officers of Justice which places they had bought and so had power to sell them again for money Touching the third Proposition that concern'd the independency of the French Crown which was presented by the Commons in opposition to the first Proposition made by the Clergy and Nobles for the publication of the Counsell of Trent the one being made out of a zeale to the State Civil the other to the State Spiritual there were hot bandings on both sides The third Estate or Commons would have it declared for a fundamentall law that the King being supreme and absolute in his own Dominions there is no power on earth either Spirituall or Temporall that hath any right to deprive him of his Crown or to dispense and absolve his subjects from their allegiance unto him This was done to extinguish that dangerous Doctrin broached by som how it was lawfull to kill Tyrants and if the Roman Bishop had power to declare Kings Tyrants their lifes would be expos'd to the passion of every Pope and so to perpetuall apprehensions of danger The Clergy and Nobles finding how pertinacious and resolute the Commons were in this point for securing the lifes of their Kings and fearing it might breed a schisme 'twixt the Apostolicall See and the Monarchy of France Cardinal Perron a man of high merit and moderation was sent to make a Remonstrance unto them which he reduced to three heads 1. That it is not permitted upon any cause whatsoever to kill a King 2. That the Kings of France are Soverains in all degrees of Temporal soverainty within their Realm 3. That there is no case wherby subjects may be absolved from their oth of fidelity to their Prince Concerning the first two he pronounc'd them as absolut and categoricall but touching the last the Cardinal said that in regard it might usher in a Schisme he left it as problematicall not positif The President or Speaker of the Commons answer'd that the third Proposition being politicall he conceiv'd it concern'd not the Doctrin of Faith and consequently could not introduce any schisme much bussling there was about this point the Commons being very eager in it having the Parliament of Paris siding with them who pass'd an Arrest in favour of them accordingly but the King evok'd the difference to himself commanding that nothing should be determin'd theron in regard that he being assured of his own right and possession it appertain'd not either to the States or to the Court of Parliament or any other arbiter whatsoever to take cognisance thereof and remarkable it was that the King did not evoke and call that matter to Himself and to his Counsell according to the ordinary form but absolutly to himself and his own Person But although the King commanded the said Decree of the Court of Parliament to be suspended the Attorney Generall made such diligences because he was a friend to the businesse that divers Copies were sent abroad The great Assembly drawing now towards a closure they brought their Cayers or papers of grievances to the King at Bourbon House hall The Bishop of Luson after Cardinall of Richelieu was Prolocutor for the Clergy the King presently delivered the said Cayers to his Chancelor promising them an answer with all convenient expedition Thereupon a little after he sent for them to the Louure his royal Palace and told them that in regard of sundry affairs of great importance he could not answer their Cayers so soon as he desired but he would give speedy order to do it in the interim they might carry along with them to the Countrey an assurance of the satisfaction they expected touching the chiefest Articles for he was resolv'd to suppres the selling of offices to ease his people of tallies and subsidies to cause a research to be made into the misdemeanures of his Receivers and Financiers and lastly to retrench the multiplicitie of Offices and Pensions which were encreas'd from about two millions of franks which was the stint in the former Kings raign to four millions which make four hundred thousand pounds sterling Observ'd it was that the Marshall of Ancre while this busines of retrenching Officers and Pensions was in hottest agitation amongst the States got three new Tresurers of Pensions to be created from whom he drew neer upon one hundred thousand pound sterling as you will find hereafter when it will be thrown into his dish This was the first and last Assembly of the three Estates or Parliament general that was held in the raign of Lewis the thirteenth which it seems found his grave then for there hath bin none ever since and there is
Parliament mainly endevour'd to give some contentment to their Majesties therefore they employ'd again the prime President with others To declare the great displeasure the Court had that their Remonstrance was not agreeable to their Majesties wils protesting that it was never the intention of the Court to touch upon their actions or the Queens Regency whom they acknowledg'd to have oblig'd all France by her wise conduct and care she had both of the Kings Person and the State that as they could not so they would never attempt any thing upon royal authority what they had don was to testifie the zeal which they owe and will shew eternally to their Majesties Persons That they most humbly desir'd them to remember that the very next day after the death of Henry the Great their Majesties were pleas'd to honor that Court with their presence desiring them to contribut their good Counsels for the conduct of the public affairs which oblig'd them to present the foresaid Remonstrances c. So they concluded with all possible submission and a desire that the said Arrest of his Counsel of State should not be publish'd This took away somthing of the inflamation for the time but it cur'd not the wound which began to fester more and more and so gangrend that the whole body politic was like to perish For what the Court of Parliament sought by supplication the Prince of Conde not long after sought by the sword who having divers of the greatest Princes and them of the Religion ligu'd with him brought their Petition upon the Pikes point Conde flew to that height that he proceeded not by way of Remonstrance but as if he had bin a Prince absolut by way of Manifesto He was then in Picardy whither the King had sent divers Letters by persons of good quality to invite him to come to Court and to accompany him in his voyage to Guyen to fetch the Infanta but all would not do for old Bovillon had infus'd other Counsels into his head and so he publish'd a Manifesto that the cause of his retirement from the Court was the insolent deportment of the Marshall of Ancre the dissipation of Henry the Greats treasure the introduction of strangers of Iewes Sorcerers and Magicians by the said Marshall and so he concluded King-like parlant en sire Wherefore we pray and warn all the the Princes Peers and Officers of the Crown and all such as call themselfs French to succour and assist us in so good an occasion And we require and adjure all forren Princes and strangers all the Allies and Confederats of this State to give us ayd and assistance c. These were the specious pretences that caus'd this Manifesto which divers forren Princes took in foul scorn that he should require them being but a vassal himself The truth is there was but one generall grievance and that was the Marshall of Ancre a Confident of the Queen Mothers whom she had brought with her from Italy his wife having bin her foster sister He had the greatest vogue at Court which being a stranger made him repin'd at The King and the Queen Mother were then resolv'd upon a journey to Burdeaux to receive the Infanta and to deliver the Daughter of France for the King of Spain Conde disswades the King from the voyage by Letters which were not well taken So while the one prepares for his journey the other arms for a war and gets on his party Longueville Bulloin and Mayn who had concluded the match with Spain yet refus'd to attend in the jour ney Thus a fearfull clowd hung over France yet nothing could deter the King from going to fetch his wife and the Queen Mother said That all the power of earth should not hinder him Besides he was straitned for money for so long and costly a voyage nor would the Chamber of Accounts verify in Letters to take any out of the Bastile whereupon the King went himself in Person accompagnied by the Queen his Mother his Chancelor Secretaries of State and others in whose presence the Coffers were open'd and two millions and a halfe of Liures which make 250000. pounds sterling were taken out and deliver'd to the Treasurer of the Privy Purse The King being to begin his journey the first thing he did was to secure Paris so he left Mounsier de Liencour Governour thereof and to authorise him the more he admitted him to the Court of Parliament by Letters Patents which the said Court did verifie notwithstanding the harsh answer they had had to their late Remonstrance at the Louure The Marshal of Ancre was sent to Amiens with a considerable Army And another Army was left under the command of the Marshal de Bois Daufin consisting of 16000. foot 1500. horse and 2000. Carrabins to make head against the Mutiners So the King and his Mother accompagnied with the Dukes of Guyse Elbaeuf and Espernon with a good number of Gentlemen with 1200. light horse his Guard of Suisses and others making in all 400. foot parted from Paris towards Bourdeaux and being come to Poictiers Madame his sister which was to be sent to Spain fell sick of the small Pox which detaind the Court there five weeks and so much retarded the journey In the intrim the Princes forces encrease and prosper exceedingly having had the best in three rencounters Old Bovillon had got 600. Reiters from the Marquis of Brandenburg who joyn'd with them they got over the Loire maugre the Royall Army under Bois Dauphin The Duke of Vandom was then with the King and he gave him Commission extraordinary to make levies of horse and foot and having by virtu thereof rais'd an Army of 10000. Combatants he declar'd himself afterward for the Princes and employ'd them against the King He who did thrive best amongst the Royalists was the Marshal of Ancre who in the interim had taken Corbes and Clermont The King caus'd a Declaration to be publish'd wherein Conde and all his Adhaerents were Proclaim'd Traytors and sent it to Paris to be verified by the Parliament which was never more puzzled in any busines those that were averse to the Match with Spain and favour'd the Mutineers endevour'd to elude the Registring of the royal Declaration alledging that the Princes of the bloud being the prime Peers could not be censur'd there without their Peers and that the presence of the King himself was requisit without which his bloud could not be judg'd After tough altercations the voices of the Court were reduc'd to two Opinions one was of 73. voices who order'd that the Declaration should be registred but the Person of the Prince excepted for a moneth during which time he should be warn'd to submit himself to his Majesty and all others should lay down their arms The other Opinion was caried by 78. voices which was that the Court order'd that the reasons for which they could not and ought not to proceed to verifie the said Declaration should be
sent to the King Condé to make his quarrel more colourable and being heightned by the said Arrest of the Parliament of Paris added divers Articles more to his Manifesto viz. 1. That further research be made for the assassinat of Henry the Great 2. That a reformation be made of the Kings Counsell 3. That the grievances of the three Estates be answer'd with divers other They of the Religion were yet Neutrals and thinking to fish in these troubled waters propos'd these high demands 1. That the independence of the French Crown be declar'd 2. That the Counsell of Trent be never publish'd in this Kingdom 3. That his Majesty shall be desir'd to declare that upon his Coronation oath for extirpation of heresies he understood not or comprehended his subjects of the Religion 4. That in all public Acts it shall be inserted no more the pretended reform'd Religion but only Religion 5. That their Ministers shall be payed by the King c. These with divers other Propositions were first made at Grenoble where the King permitted them to Assemble but Lesdigueres could not endure them there therefore they remov'd to Nismes and thence to Rochell notwithstanding that the King commanded the contrary The Prince of Condé had an Agent in the Assembly who much press'd them to enter into the ligue with him which they did at last and writ a Letter to the King of the cause of their conjunction with Condé And as the King was importun'd by them of the Religion one way so was he sollicited by the Roman Catholiques of Bearn on the other side that his Majesty would please to restablish them in the possession of their goods whereof they were depriv'd by Iane d'Albret his paternal granmother Amongst these counter-distractions there came news unto the King that the 6000. Suisses which he had from the Protestant Cantons had quitted his pay and party and return'd to their own Countrey by the perswasion and practises of them of the Religion Madame the Kings sister being recover'd He went to Bourdeaux where the Spanish Ambassadour came to demand her for the Prince of Castile The Duke of Guise had a Procuration to marry her the next day which he did the Cardinal of Sourdis officiating and the pietie of the King much appear'd in the ceremony because he commanded the Cardinals Chaire should be put on a higher ground then his The same day the Duke of Lerma married the Infanta of Spain in Burgos for the King of France These nuptial ceremonies being perform'd Madame now Princesse of Castile departed from Bourdeaux conducted by the Duke of Guyse and in regard a rumor ran that they of the Religion as also the Count of Grammont with others who were said to have ligu'd with Condé had way-laid the young Bride the King commanded all the Regiment of his gard to attend her putting himself in the interim in the hands of them of Bourdeaux The exchange of the two Princesses was made upon a river call'd Bidasso hard by St. Iohn de Luz which separats those two mightie Kingdoms there were two stately Barges to waft them the Spaniards on their side had a huge vast globe representing the world rais'd upon a pavilion very high which made an ostentous shew The Duke of Guise took exception at it and protested he would never bring o're the Princesse till it was taken down which was done accordingly The next day the young Queen came to Bayon where Luynes then favorit to the King attended her with a Letter all written by the King himself in these words Madame since I cannot according to my desire find my self neer you at your entrance into my Kingdom to put you in possession of the power I have as also of my entire affection to love and serve you I send towards you Luynes one of my confident'st servants to salute you in my name and tell you that you are expected by Me with much impatience to offer unto you my Self I pray therefore receive him favorably and to beleeve what he shall tell you Madame from your most deer friend and servant Lewis Luynes deliver'd her also from the King two rich Standards of Diamonds which she receiv'd and kiss'd and from her table at Supper She sent a dish of meat unto him In the morning She return'd this Answer to the King Sir I much rejoyc'd at the good news Luynes brought Me of your Majesties health I come therewith being most desirous to arrive where I may serve my Mother and so I am making hast to that purpose and to kisse your Majesties hand whom God preserve as I desire Anne Being come afterwards to Bourdeaux they both receiv'd the nuptial benediction in magnificence according to the qualitie of the act and the persons and medals were made and thrown up and down with this Motto aeternae foedera Pacis pledges of eternal peace but the Poet that made that peece of verse for a Motto was no good Prophet for the eternal peace he spoake of lasted not many yeers between the two nations who notwithstanding that nature hath conjoyn'd them neer enough in point of local distance there being but a small river whereon the two Princesses were exchang'd that severs them yet there is no two people on earth are further asunder and more differing in disposition affections and interests being herein right Antipodes one to the other By this alliance is verified the saying of the Italian that Kings may wed but kingdoms never It appears also hereby what a hard destiny and sorry condition attends the daughters of Soverain Princes who are commonly made sacrifices of State and oblations for Politicall respects being also to be maried to aliens and oft-times to husbands of a different Religion they are wood by Proxy they must choose by picture fancy upon trust and tied in a knot indissoluble to one they never saw but in effigie perchance and afterwards they must be contented to be unpatriated disterr'd and as it were banish'd for ever from their own sweet native soyle and the ayr they first breath'd yet as the Civilian saith although they are the end of the House whence they come they are the beginning of that wherein they enter While the King was celebrating his nuptials in his town of Bourdeaux by divers inventions and exercises of pastime and pleasure as masks tilting playes bals and dances Condé with his Confederats leads another kind of dance up and down France but while he danc'd and revell'd thus the poore Countrey sung lachrymae being pitifully oppress'd torn and harass'd in most parts there being six or seven armies in motion on both sides he encreas'd mightily by concourse of partisans by conjunction of them of the Religion and by divers successfull rencounters The King on the other side was at a very low ebb having exhausted that two millions and a half of liures he had taken himself in person out of the Bastile and being put to hard shifts to get money to
defray his ordinary expences the town of Bourdeaux to her eternal glory shew'd herself carefull of his honor and supplied him Add hereunto that two whole armies fell from him that of the Suisse consisting of 6000. and that under the Duke of Vendosm being the greater of the two the one only left him the other turn'd against him and the whole body of them of the Religion declar'd it self against him and actually help'd the other side Moreover his Parliament at Paris would not verifie his Edicts Yet in the midst of all these straits He marcheth resolutly from Bourdeaux with his new Queen to joyn his army with Bois Dauphin with a purpose either to present battaile to the adverse party or to draw them to a treaty Espernon met him in the way with 4000. foot and 500. horse The Duke of Nevers did very much labour and made journeys to and fro for an accommodation and his endevors took so good effect that a Conference was agreed on at Lodun where Commissioners were appointed and did meet on both sides in the interim the Duke of Guyse perform'd a notable exploit with 2000. of the Kings prime horses wherwith he set upon three Regiments of Condés at Nantueil which he slew took and put to flight carrying all their colours to the King for a present Hereupon a suspension of arms was accorded through all the Kingdom except in Anjou Perch and the frontiers of Britany where Vendosm continued all acts of hostility notwithstanding that he had his Deputy at the Conference The King was then advanc'd to Chastel le Heraud where Villeroy deliver'd him the Articles of the Truce sign'd by the Princes and where a Legat came from the Pope to deliver him the Imperial Sword and to the Queen the Rosetree of flowers and leaves of gold Thence the King went to Blois where after a long debate an Edict of Pacification was publish'd upon the Treaty of Lodun which consisted of 54. Articles wherein all the Princes with their adhaerents as also They of the Religion found satisfaction and divers persons of base condition were nominated therein which the world cryed shame upon By this Edict the King approv'd of all actions pass'd as having bin done for his Service and by consequence tacitly disadvow'd what He and his Counsell had ordain'd to the contrary The former Arrests of the Court of Parliament of Paris which the King had suspended were reestablish'd and they of the Counsell of State annull'd and many high demands were accorded to them of the Religion The Chancelor Sillery and divers others who were the Kings Favorits before were outed of their offices Besides the said Edict there were also secret Articles condescended unto containing rewards and honors to some particular men in lieu of punishment and they were presented in a privat close way to the Parliament to be verified with the gran Edict The Court wav'd them a while but afterwards by expresse commandment of the Kings and by a Declaration he made that those secret Articles contain'd no more then what was granted in the secret Articles of the Edict of Nants already verified by the same Court the businesse pass'd though with much reluctancy for if those of Nants were verified what need these being the same have a second verification This as it were enforc'd Verification was accompagnied with Letters Patents from the King in special favor to the Prince of Condé and others Letters in favor of them of the Religion by which his Majesty declar'd not to have understood his subjects of the Reform'd pretended Religion in the Oath and Protestation he had made at his Coronation to employ his sword and power for the extirpation of heresies which put the world in an astonishment because it made the meaning of the Taker of that Oath and of the Prelat who administred it to differ This turn'd afterwards rather to the disadvantage then the benefit of the Demanders for those hard and high termes which reflected so much upon the conscience of a yong King stuck deep in his breast nor could he ever digest them as will appear in the ensuing Story Nor was his honor thought much to suffer hereby being newly come out of his nonage little vers'd in the art of Government and having not attain'd that courage and yeers which use to strike awe into Subjects This shrew'd tempest being pass'd the weather broak up and clear'd And the King brought his new Queen to Paris having surmounted such a world of difficulties and waded through a sea of troubles he had bin absent thence neer upon a twelvemoneth therefore you may well imagin with what joy and triumph the Parisians receiv'd him Observable it is that in this voyage the King notwithstanding that he had condescended to hard capitulations yet he attain'd his main ends which was to perfect the Alliance with Spain and to fetch home his wife in safety which he did maugre the great Martiall oppositions that were made by most of the Princes of France who malign'd the match In this yeer there happen'd some ill-favor'd jarrs in Italy twixt the Dukes of Savoy and Mantova about Monferrat The King employed thither the Marquis of Coeuures to compose the difference but he return'd without doing any good notwithstanding that the Ambassador of his Majesty of Great Britain joyn'd with him He sent afterwards the Marquis of Rambovillet who caried himself with more addresse for he tamper'd with the affections of the French and Suisses which made the better part of the Duke of Savoys army with such dexterity that the Duke entring into a diffidence of them hearkned to a Treaty Don Pedro de Toledo then Governor of Milan was arm'd for the Mantovan and by this Treaty both Parties were to disband in the interim if the Spaniard attempted any thing upon Monferrat France should assist his Highnes of Savoy But the Spaniard though he attempted nothing yet he reinforc'd his Troupes which struck an apprehension of fear into the Venetians who of all Nations are most eagle-ey'd to foresee dangers because there was a small difference twixt them and the Archduke of Grats about the Uscochi which made them confederat and co-arme with the Savoyard there were great Forces on both sides and Don Pedro took Verselli Damian but his Majesty of France employ'd thither Mons. de Bethune who procur'd a Treaty in Pavia to that end which took effect but the Spaniard afterwards delaying to give up Vercelli Modene Luynes kinsman was sent thither who did the work The difference also twixt the Republic and the Archduke of Grats was accommoded by French intercession so that in lesse then a twelve moneths four Ambassadors went from France to Italy About this time the Lord Hayes afterwards Earl of Carlile came in a very splendid equippage to Paris to congratulate in his Majestie of Great Britain's name 1. The alliance with Spain 2. The arrivall of the new Queen 3. The Kings return to Paris 4. The end
acknowledge him Governor of the Countrey of Aunis and of their Town which he pretended to derive by Patent from the raign of Henry the third He had also a grudge unto them that they had debauch'd the conscience of the Count of Candalle his son by inducing him to abjure his Religion and to professe theirs Espernon was commanded to wave that quarrel and to come to assist against the Princes divers others were wrought upon to abandon their party amongst the rest the Duke of Nevers was much sought and he refusing he was accus'd to have said That he was descended of a better House then the Queen Mother which he utterly disavowed and offer'd to combat the raiser of that report in Duel The obloquy and hatred of Ancre encreased daily and the executing of Colonel Stuard and Hurtevant with erecting of new gibets in divers places about Paris and one upon the new Bridge hard by the Louure in terrorem all which was imputed to the Marshall of Ancre exasperated the humors of the Parisians against him more and more in so much that it was an easie thing to be a Prophet what would become of him Luynes with others at Court infusd daily new thoughts of diffidence of him into the young King who had taken exception at some personall comportment of his by putting on his Hat when he play'd with him at Biliards so in a close Cabinet consultation twixt the King Luynes and Vitry who was Captain of his Guard the King gave him command to seize upon the said Marshall of Ancre and in case of resistance to kill him The businesse was carried wonderfull close and two dayes after the Marshall entring the Louure Vitry was prepar'd with his guard about him and while the Marshall was reading of a Letter Vitry comes and grapples him by the shoulder and told him he was commanded by the King to arrest him Me said Ancre yes you by the death of God mort Dieu repli'd Vitry hereupon Ancre laying his hand upon his sword to deliver it as most thought Vitry with a loud voyce cri'd out Kill him thereupon he received three Pistols shots into his body and was presently dispatch'd Vitry with naked sword in his hand cri'd out that none should stir For he had executed but the Kings commands Hereupon those hundred gentlemen which had attended the Marshall that morning to the Queens Court where he was us'd to go the back way slunk away and not one drawn sword appear'd amongst them The King being above in a gallery and hearing a noise below ask'd what the matter was one answerd that the Marshall of Ancre was kill'd and being told the manner he said I will make good what Vitry hath done and giving a caper he said I am now King of France I have no competitor Vitry presently after broke into Leonora's chamber Ancres wife seiz'd upon her person upon all her Trunks and Cabinets where in gold and jewels there was the value of above an hundred thousand pounds sterling Her Chamber was next the Queen Mothers who sending in for Vitry ask'd him without any shew of dismay whether he had kill'd the Marshall Yes Madame said he and why because the King had commanded me Ancres body was buried in a little Church hard by the Louure and stones laid and flatted upon the grave but the next morning the laquays of the Court and rabble of the City came and digg'd up his coffin toare his winding sheet and dragg'd his body through the gutters and hang'd it upon the new gibet which he had commanded to be set up upon the new bridge where they cut off his nose eares and genitories which they sent for a Present to the Duke of Mayne at Soissons and nayl'd his eares to the gates of Paris the rest of his body was burn'd and part of the ashes hurl'd into the river and part into the ayer His wife was then imprison'd search'd and raz'd for a Witch though little or no proofs God wot were produc'd against her only that she employ'd some Jews as also that she had bewitch'd a Spanish Ginet the Duke of Mayn had at Soissons which he should have mounted one morning but Mounsier Maurice his son who was Keeper of one of the chiefest Academies of Paris riding him before and the Horse having pranc'd and curvetted a good while under him he suddenly fell gave a grone and so breath'd his last and the Rider was taken up for dead and continued in a sleepy trance 48. houres together So she was also executed afterwards and the difference twixt her husband and her was this that she had the favor to dye after Sentence was given and he before for his indictment was made after his death and then his sentence pass'd when he was in tother world Thus Conchino Conchini a Florentin born Marquis of Ancre and Marshall of France was demolish'd or rather extinguish'd in a most disastrous manner and his wife Leonora Galligay beheaded who shew'd a notable Roman resolution at the block their estate which was not above four thousand pound sterling per an was given to Luynes most part of it They left one only male child who being young was sent to Italy where he lives to this day in a Noble equippage by the title of Earl of Pena though pronounced ignoble in France by an arrest of the Court of Parliament A stout man this Marquis of Ancre was a good Soldier and a compleat Courtier he was endowed with divers good parts only he wanted moderation and therein he did degenerat from an Italian There were divers censures abroad of this act of the young Kings and indeed it was the worst thing he did in all his life being an act fitter for the Seraglio then his Castle of the Louure for the wisest sort of men wonder'd that he should stain the walls of his Court with a Christians bloud in that manner without any legall proceeding against the party He sent Letters to the severall Princes that were in arms to content them as also to satisfie the world and all of them of this tenor following My Cousin I doubt not but in the cours of affairs which have pass'd since the death of the late King my Lord and Father whom God absolve you have observ'd how the Marshall of Ancre and his wife abusing my minority and the power which they acquir'd upon the spirit of the Queen my Mother have projected to usurp all authority to dispose absolutly of all matters of State and to deprive me of the means to take cognisance of mine own affairs a dessein which they have push'd on so far that hitherto there hath remain'd unto me but the sole name of a King and that it was a kind of capital crime for my Officers and subjects to have acces unto me and to entertain me with any serious discours which it pleasing God to make me perceive and to point out the danger which my Person and State
she came he still mistrusted if she return'd to Court she would project some way of revenge c. The King came the next day in Coach with the young Queen his two Sisters and the two Princes of Savoy to the House where the Queen was and there was a compleat glorious Court the mutual demonstrations and postures of tendernes which Mother and Son shew'd at their first enterview melted the hearts of all the Spectators A few daies after all parted the King and his Queen towards Paris the Queen Mother to Anger 's and the Princes of Piemont put themselfs in their journey to crosse the Alps. A little after the Prince of Condé was enlarg'd and the King sent him this Letter by his Favorit My Cosen I will not tell you how much I love you you see it I send my Cosen the Duke of Luynes unto you who knows all the secrets of my heart and will open them unto you Come away as soon as you can for I expect you with impatience in the interim I will pray God to preserve you in his holy grace Lovis Luynes having taken his oath as Duke and Peer of France in the Court of Parliament he moved the King to perfect the number of the Cavaliers of his Order the Order of the Holy Ghost who being an hundred by the primitive institution were now diminished to twenty eight so there were divers more created to the number of fifty nine whereof Luynes two brothers Cadenet and Brande were two Luynes plot was to ingratiat himself hereby into the Nobility but it prov'd otherwise for the Competitors that were excluded grew to be more bitterly his foes then they who were instal'd Knights became his friends Much murmuring also was at his two brothers this Order being the next degree to bring one to be Duke and Peer of France As the Ceremonies of these new Knights were a performing the two Princes of the bloud Condé and Soissons being at Court as the King was ready to sit down at diner the Steward of the Houshold deliver'd the towell to Soissons to give the King Condé perceiving it would have had it from him but he would not part with it so they fell to high words one saying it was his right as he was prime Prince of the bloud the other as he was gran Master of France as they were debating the point in hot termes the King sent for his brother to whom the Count of Soissons deliver'd it so with much ado the King made them both friends upon the place and the next day many hundreds of Gentlemen appearing on horseback and offring their service on both sides there came out a strict Order from the King there should be no more stirring in the businesse It fortun'd about this time that the young Queen fell sick and there were extraordinary Offices of devotion performed for her recovery and a generall Procession Ordred where the whole Court of Parliament assisted in their red robes The Queen being recover'd she employed the fifteen thousand Crowns which the King had given her for a ball to works of Piety and Charity The Kings Exchequer was at a very low ebbe at this time whereupon there came out an Edict call'd the Bursall Edict which tended to raise money and the King mistrusting the verification of it by the Court of Parliament went thither himself in great state where the Lord Keeper made a speech a bout it The Prime President answer'd him boldly That the Court receiv'd violence to verifie such Edicts without any precedent deliberation that being well assur'd of the goodnes and justice of his Majesty the Court imputed this disorder to ill counsell and therefore desired the names of them who gave him this damnable counsell should be given up and registred in Parliament to be proceeded against accordingly Servin the Kings Advocat was more hardy saying That his Majesty did wrong himself to come to Parliament to authorise by his presence that which could not be done with reason and justice Yet the Edict pass'd and that afternoon the Court of Parliament was commanded to wait at the Louure where his Majestie told them That he was ill edified by their Remonstrances which he found very insolent The Lord Keeper told them That to some ill purpose they thought to separat the King from his Counsell by blaming the one and exempting the other for being inseparable the offence must bring the blow upon both together a thing not to be endured by a Soverain Prince who is to exspect punctuall obedience from his subjects so the prime President making a large apologie at last they were dismiss'd with recovery of the Kings grace The prodigious and violent promotions of Luynes in dignity power wealth and command made him the object of envy to some of hatred to others of amazement to all nor was he contented to hoise himself so but he must pully up his two brothers along with him so there was a kind of generall discontentment fomented in the hearts of the people which was aggravated by the late shift the King had made to get money and the clash he had with the Parliament of Paris so mens minds were susceptible and ready to receive any impressions of mislike against the present Government The Duke of Mayn had a particular discontentment that Cadenet afterwards Duke of Chaune which was erected into a Pairrie a Peership of France had maried the Heiresse of Peguigny whom he had sought for wife so he with divers other Princes started out and put themselfs in armes the Count of Soissons Vendosm and the Gran Prior of France his brother both naturall sons to the last King went to the Queen Mother at Anger 's who quickly entred into the league They of the Religion offer'd her conjunctive forces which she wav'd but the Duke of Mayn presently accepted of them which made his army swell to 12000. and upwards Hereupon the King sent the Duke of Montbazon to invite the Queen Mother to Court and to assist in Counsell but she excus'd herself by indisposition of body though it was only of mind He sent again the Archbishop of Sens unto Her with a second invitation to Court and he would meet her in the way as far as Orleans but she continued still distrustfull and jealous of some plot upon her thinking that Fistula dulce canit volucrem dum decipit Auceps She inveighs bitterly against the present Favorits how they exhausted the Kings Tresure offended most of the Princes and dispos'd of all offices and honors making men of mean extraction lately Knights of the Holy Spirit and excluding ancient Gentlemen of merit these complaints she couch'd and enlarg'd in two Letters one to the King himself the other to the Parliament of Paris which the Court would not open but sent them to the King The discontented Princes grew daily more and more powerfull so it was high time for the King to get a Horsback which
should be a generall peace now 'twixt the French people because of the businesse of the Valtolin where the Spaniard had a purpose to block out France in all places towards Italy which was very necessary to be prevented so that it was not fit to enfeeble France at this time by attempting to extinguish them of the Religion and to plunge the whole Countrey in an intestine war for it was as if one would cut off his left hand with the right This last counsell took more with the King and so he left no way unessayed to reunite all his subjects Hereupon to content the Reformists he caus'd their Temples to be reedified he appointed 60000. Franks for the payment of their Ministers and permitted them to call a Synod at Charenton with divers other acts of compliance provided that on their part they should entertain no strangers for preachers nor admit Ministers into politic Assemblies In these difficulties and anxious traverses of things the King made the Cardinal of Richelieu his principall Minister of State chiefe of his Counsell and Director generall under his authority in the government of the State He made this election by the advice of the Queen Mother principally nor was it an improper choice for the party had a concurrence of high abilities in him answerable to that transcendent trust and he prov'd as will appear by the sequele of things a succesfull Instrument though many doubt whether his Counsel was as succesfull to France as it was fatall to the rest of Christendom which he hath plung'd in an eternall war touching this we leave the Ingenious Reader a freedom of censure according as his judgement shall be guided by an unpartiall and unbiass'd relation of matters as they ly connected in the ensuing part of this story Thus our third Lustre concludes with the commencement of Richelieus greatnes The fourth Lustre of the Life of Lewis the thirteenth VVE began the last lustre with the espousals of the Lady Christina second daughter of France with the Prince of Piemont this begins with the mariage of the Lady Henriette Marie de Bourbon the yongest Royall branch of Henry the Great and this was the first great act that the Cardinal of Richelieu performed after he was come to the superintendency of affairs of State France had two causes of perpetuall apprehensions of fear one external th' other internal The still growing greatnesse of Spain without and They of the Religion within doors which were made frequent use of by any discontented Princes upon all occasions and were cryed up by the Jesuits to be as Matches to set France on fire at any time Therefore the first gran dessein that he projected with himself was to clip their wings and diminish their strength by dismantling their Cautionary Towns and making them dismisse their Garrisons The Cardinal knew the King his Master did not affect them since the Treaty at Lodun wherein they forc'd him to put another interpretation upon his Coronation Oth then his conscience did dictat unto him or the Prelat who administred it unto him meant which appear'd in a churlish answer that he gave them not long after when he was solicited to prolong the terme of holding their Cautionary Towns as Henry the Third and Henry the Great his father had done Which answer was That what grace the first did shew you was out of fear what my father did was out of love but I would have you know that I neither fear you nor love you To compasse that great work of taking from them their Garrison Towns it was thought very expedient to secure forren Princes from assisting them specially England and the united Provinces Touching the latter they were charm'd with money for in a fresh Treaty the King accorded them a million of Franks and six hundred thousand Franks every one of the two yeers next ensuing which they were to re-inburse the next two yeers that they should conclude a peace or truce with Spain The Holland-Ambassadors who were employed in this Treatie did promise the King that there should be libertie of conscience given the Catholiks at his Majesties request That the States should associat the French with them in the commerce of the Indies give them some choice ports for traffic and repaire some depraedations they had made by sea but the money being once got there was little care taken to perform these promises which were no more then parol engagements or rather complements whereupon an Ambassador was expressely sent to complain hereof but he effected little To secure England from succouring Them of the Religion the first overture that the Erl of Holland made for an alliance was yeelded unto to whom the Erl of Carlile was sent in joynt commission to conclude it The King told them that he took it for an honour that they sought his sister for the sole sonne of so illustrious a King his neighbour and Allie onely he desir'd that he might send to Rome to have the Popes consent for better satisfaction of his conscience and in the mean time the English Ambassadors might send for a more plenary power to England so in lesse then the revolution of nine moons this great businesse was propos'd poursued and perfected whereas the Sun ran his carreer through the Zodiac ten times before that Spain could come to any point of perfection This may serve to shew the difference twixt the two Nations the leaden heel'd pace of the one and the quicksilver'd motions of the other it shewes also how the French is more round and frank in his proceedings not so full of scruples reservations and jealousies as the Spaniard And one reason that the Statists of the time alledg'd why Spain amus'd the English and protracted the Treaty of the Match so long was that all the daughters of France might be first married to prevent an alliance 'twixt England and her There was a concurrence of many things that favor'd the effecting and expediting of this alliance some previous Offices and Letters of invitation from France wherein there were strains of extraordinary endearments wherewith the King of Great Britain corresponded also in an unusuall stile as appears by this Letter following Most high most excellent and most puissant Prince Our most deer and most beloved good Brother Cousen and ancient Ally Although the deceased King of happy memory was justly call'd Henry the Great for having re-conquer'd by arms his Kingdom of France though it appertain'd unto him as his proper inheritance Yet you have made now a greater conquest for the Kingdom of France though it was regain'd by the victorious arms of your dead father it was his de jure and so he got but his own But you have lately carried away a greater victory having by your two last Letters so full of cordiall courtesies overcome your good Brother and ancient Ally and all the Kingdoms appertaining unto him for We acknowledge Our self so conquer'd by your more then
in his Palace at Theobalds A little before he broak out into a very passionate Speech to his Lords of the Counsel of the King of France saying My Lords the King of France hath writ unto me that he is so far my friend that if ever I have need of him he will render me Offices in Person whensoever I shall desire him Truly he hath gain'd upon me more then any of his Predecessors and he may beleeve me that in any thing that shall concern him I will employ not only my peoples lifes but mine own and whosoever of his subjects shall rise against him either Catholiks or others shall find me a party for him 'T is true if he be provok'd to infringe his Edicts I shall impart as much as in me lies by counsell and advice to prevent the inconveniences Then falling upon the perfections of Madame Henriette Marie he said pleasantly When she is come over I will denounce war against her because she would not read my Letter nor my sons as I understand before she had first receiv'd command from the Queen her Mother yet I have cause to thank her because that after she had perus'd them she put mine in her cushionet and the other in her bosome intimating thereby that she would rely upon me for counsell and lodg my son in her heart King Iame's death retarded a while the proceedings of the Match for things were at a stand till his Exequies were pass'd which were perform'd with a Magnificence sutable to so great a King This Ceremony being ended a procuration was sent the Duke of Cheureuse from his Majesty of Great Britain to be contracted unto the Lady Henriette and then to marry her in his name which was done with extraordinary celebrity the one in the Louure the last in the great Church of Paris by the ministery of the Cardinall Rochefaucaud a little before there was a clash twixt him and the Bishop of Paris who urg'd it was his right to officiat in his own Church but the Cardinal being a Prince of the Church Universall being also gran Almoner which makes him chief Clark of the Court and Cardinal Richelieu who had now the greatest stroak in the State favoring his own habit and the Hat more then the Mitre the Cardinal carried the day This solemnity was perform'd to the very height of greatnes and splendor and such was the bravery of the English Ambassadors the Earls of Carlile and Holland that they seem'd to outshine the French that day in their own Sphere One half of the dowry had bin delivered before upon the Contract which was in all as was said before eight hundred thousand crowns and it was more then the eldest Sister had by two hundred thousand crowns and double as much as the second had the one having but six hundred thousand the other but foure hundred thousand crowns to their portions The Contract and Mariage being thus finish'd the Duke of Buckingham came a fortnight after with admired gallantry to demand the Queen of Great Britain for the King his Master and to attend and conduct her over to England The Queen Mother accompagnied her as far as Amiens Monsieur her Brother to Bullen whence a Fleet of twenty Galeons Royall transported her to Dover This was the eighth Nuptiall conjunction of the Rose and Flowerdeluce that hath happend 'twixt England and France The first was in the yeer 900. 'twixt Charles the First of France and the Lady Ogine daughter to Edward the old King of England 120. yeers before the Norman conquest The second twixt Henry the Third of England and Margaret daughter to Lewis the Seventh of France The third was between Edward the First of England and the Lady Margaret daughter to Philip the Hardy of France The fourth 'twixt Edward the Second of England and Isabel daughter to Philip the Faire The fifth was 'twixt Richard the Second of England and Elizabeth daughter to Charles the Sixth The sixth 'twixt Henry the Fifth of England and Catherin daughter also to Charles the Sixth of France The seventh was 'twixt Lewis the twelfth of France and Mary daughter to Henry the Seventh of England The eighth was this 'twixt Charles Stuard Prince of Wales and Henriette Marie of Bourbon youngest daughter to Henry the Great so in these eight Matches England hath had six daughters of France and France two of Englands As soon as this great Nuptiall pompe was pass'd there came tydings that Soubize upon a new discontent of them of the Religion had a great Fleet of ships at Sea and surpriz'd the Port of Blauet in Britany which is a faire and large Haven deposited to the Spaniard in time of the Ligue and restored to Henry the Great at the peace at Vervins Soubize enterd the Haven with eleven Sayle of men of War and took and carried away six great ships whereof some belong'd to the Duke of Nevers This rendred them of the Religion powerfull at Sea and because their Ships might have choise of harbors they seiz'd upon the Islands of Re and Oleron where they began to fortifie Soubize sayles up the Garond towards Bourdeaux with a Fleet of seventy sayles of all sort which made him Master of the Sea and landing a considerable number of land forces at the land of Medoc they of Bourdeaux joyning with Toiras sent him a shipboard again with losse and so he return'd to Rochell A little after he sets out to Sea again and takes divers prises extremely interrupting all traffic on those Coasts Hereupon the King sent to the Hollander to hyre twenty Sayle of men of War according to the late Treaty which were accordingly sent him under Admirall Hauthain These joyning with another Fleet of the Duke of Monmorency made a considerable naval power Monmorency was very eagar to set upon Soubize and the Rochell Fleet but he found the Hollanders bacward and cold being charm'd by Letters and a Remonstance annexed unto it sent to Hauthain by two French Ministers and two Dutch Merchants from Rochell wherein they made piteous complaint that the King had performed little or nothing at all of the Treaty before Montpellier and that the utter ruine of the whole body of the Religion which was the same with that of Holland was intended therefore they did efflagitat and conjure the said Admiral Hauthain to lay his hand on his heart and conscience and not to contribute to so damnable a dessein This Remonstrance wrought much upon Hauthain and Dorp his Vice-Admiral in so much that he publiquely declar'd unto the Duke of Monmorency that he had Commission in expresse termes from his Masters the States to reduce Monsieur Soubize to his duty either by reason or force that he understood how he was ready to conforme himself to the first and to that effect he and his Brother the Duke of Rohan with other Towns of their party had Deputies employed to the King to desire Peace which was in a good forwardnes
was a business of the greatest consequence that possibly could import him for a wife is the best or worst fortune that can befall a man in the whole cours of his life There were some that whisper'd him in the eare to disswade him from the said Match 'mongst others the Marshall of Ornano his Governor who told him That if he maried in France all his Means Credit and Fortune would be bounded there whereas if he maried some forren Princesse he might have some support and a place to retire unto abroad upon hard usage at home which would make him better esteem'd This being brought to the Kings eare Ornano with divers other were taken out of their beds in the dead of night and clap'd in the Bastile hereupon Monsieur went to the Chancelor d' Haligre and reproach'd him to have counsell'd the King to have his Governor pluck'd away from him so the Chancelor excus'd himself and denied that he had given such counsell The King having notice of this poor answer of his Chancelor sent the next day for the Seales willing him to retire to his Countrey house The Duke of Vendosm and his brother the gran Prior were thought also to do ill Offices in this busines which made them fall into some dislike and so they were committed prisoners to the Castle of Ambois amongst other things wherewith Vendosm was charg'd one was that he should say he would never see the King againe but in picture so he was put out of the government of Britany which was conferr'd upon Marshall Themines Cardinall Richelieu having drawn a great deal of hatred upon himself about this match he had a guard allow'd him which was afterwards recented according as the measure of envie and danger accrued The King being at Nants in Britany to settle that Government told his brother that he much desired he were married to Madamoiselle Monpensier for the good of his state assuring him that he should find his own advantages in it Monsieur answer'd That if his Majesty judg'd that it would be for the good of his state he entirely conform'd himself to his pleasure thereupon he sent a long complement to Madamoiselle Monpensier concluding that he would prove a better Husband to her then he was a servant So the Articles of Mariage were drawn and Monsieur was to have for his appannage the Duchy of Orleans with other places to the sum of one hundred thousand franks annuall rent all charges defrayed so much more in pension and by speciall warrant five hundred and sixty thousand franks yeerly upon the receipts of Orleans which comes in all to about seventy thousand pounds sterlin per annum so the Cardinall of Richelieu betroth'd and married them the next day at Nants with as much solemnity as the place could afford At this time there were whispers up and down France of divers plots that were to be put in execution some gave out the King intended to repudiat the Queen Others that there was a design to clap up the King in a monasterie and that Monsieur should raign of this plot there was a whisper the mother was because she alwaies seem'd to love the younger better then the elder But I beleeve this was a groundlesse surmise There were divers in prison that would have perswaded Monsieur to a forrein match and endeavour'd to crosse this Amongst others the Count of Chalais was one who was beheaded at Nants and there being no headsman in the town a prisoner that was in for a capitall crime undertooke the office provided he might have his pardon but he manag'd the instrument so ill that he gave the Count thirtie foure stroakes before he could separat the head from the body Sanctarellus the Jesuit obtruded to the world dangerous tenets about this time viz. That the Pope hath power to depose the Emperour to admonish and punish with temporall pains other Princes and absolve their subjects from their Oath of fidelitie in case of heresie The book was burnt in Paris Father Cotton Provinciall of the French Jesuits brought a public instrument from the chief of the Colledge of Clermont wherein their Society did disadvow and detest the said opinion of Sanctarellus which instrument was commanded to be put upon Record It was an ancient custom in France before the erection of Sedentary Parliaments whereof there are eight to assemble once or twice every yeer the States General which Assembly was first call'd Parlement wherein they treated of the highest Affairs of State of making levies of money for the Kings extraordinary occasions for punishing corrupt Magistrats and questioning any Officers whatsoever upon the relations which were made by the Deputies or Members of the said Assembly which were call'd in old times Missi Dominici viz. Those who were sent by the Lord or King This as I said before in the second Lustre is equivalent to the High Court of Parlement in England though in number it be inferior to it in regard that this Generall Assembly of France consists but of foure hundred and odd members that in England of neer upon seven hundred Since the settling of the said Sedentary Parlements this Great Parlement hath bin seldom convok'd in France unlesse during the minority of the King for which the Countrey hath suffer'd much in regard this universall convention was us'd to keep good correspondence 'twixt the Prince and his people and the pecuniary levies which pass'd by their Suffrages were given with more cheerfulnesse and besides there was no need of so many Collectors and Receivors as are employed in the Kings ordinary Revenu which are so numerous that the fourth part is drunk up among Officers in fees and wages so that there hardly comes into the Kings Coffers cleer a Quardecu in every Crowne This Assembly of the three Estates in France grew to be very rare and in a manner obsolete since the Kings had power given them to impose public assessments the ground whereof was this When the English had taken such firme footing in France that they had advanc'd as far as the Loire and besieg'd Orleans the Assembly of the three States in these pressures being not able to meet after the ordinary maner by reason of the interposition of the enemy up and down that power which was formerly inhaerent in the three States of making Laws and assessing the subject with subsidiary taxes was transmitted to the King himself during the war which continuing long that intrusted power grew in tract of time so habitual that it could never be re-assum'd or the Kings disvested of it And that which made the busines more feasable for the Kings was that the burden fell most upon the Comminalty the Nobility and Clergy not feeling the weight neer so much And it happen'd in so favourable conjuncture of time that the Clergy and Nobles were contented to have the Peasans pull'd down a little because not many yeers before in that notable rebellion call'd la Iaquerie de Beauvoisin
which was suppress'd by Charles the Wise they boldly put themselfs in armes against the Nobility and Gentry to lessen their greatnes Add hereunto as an advantage to the work that this power being first transferr'd to Charles the Seventh there succeeded him a notable cunning King Lewis the Eleventh who knew well how to play his game for amongst all the rest he was said to be the first who put the French Kings horce de Page out of their minority or from being Pages any more though thereby he brought the Peasans to be worse then Laquais Out of some distast the King took at the last Convention of the three Estates which was upon his entrance to his Majority he resolv'd to summon them no more yet because he might be in good intelligence with his people a way was projected to call an Assembly of Notables which should be equivalent to the States Generall though fewer far in number and some out of every one of the Provinciall Sedentary Courts of Parlement were chosen to joyn with them such an Assembly as this was held in Roven as we mentioned before which did little good therefore the King was advis'd to convoque such another at Paris this yeer which was done accordingly They met in the great Hall of the Twilleries where the King spoak to them thus We protest before the living God that We have no other ayme or intention but his honour and the good and ease of Our subjects therefore in his Name We conjure and pray you whom we have here convoqued and by that lawfull power which is given Us over you We command and expresly enjoyn you that without any other respect or cōsideration whatsoever without regard of pleasing or displeasing any person you would afford Us with all freedom and sinceritie those counsels which you shall judge in your consciences to be most wholesome and convenient to the advancement of the publique good The Cardinal de Richelieu also made a long rhetoricall Oration which you shall find in the legend of his life hereunto annexed but there was no great advantage accrued to the public by this Assembly of Notables though it lasted from the second of December to the twenty fourth of February following This yeer a passage happend in the Court of England whence ensued ill-favord consequences and no lesse then a war afterward 'twixt the two Nations which was this The train of French servants which the Queen of Great Britain had brought with her at her first arrivall was suddenly dismiss'd to the number of one hundred and twenty In regard of no good offices they did twixt the King and Queen and for some petulant bold misdemeanurs of theirs by imposing also certain odd superstitious penances upon the Queen in prejudice of her health Besides his Majesty of Great Britain having settled a Royall joynture upon her of neer upon one hundred thousand crowns a yeer out of the choicest Demeans Royalties and Houses he had in England the Bishop of Mende sought to be Surintendent and steward of her lands and others of her French servants expected to have Offices in that kind which the King would not hearken unto in regard the said French were unfit for those extern employments having not the Language or knowledge of the Laws and Customs of the Countrey therefore he desir'd them to rest contented with the domestic Offices they had about the Person of the Queen they made a shew to be satisfied herewith though palpable discontentments appear'd in their countenances and carriage afterward more and more So they were suddenly discharg'd and summon'd to quit the Kingdom and there should be order taken for all conveniences for their journey by Land and Sea and the arrears of their wages and pensions were punctually paid them The Queen for the present took much to heart the renvoy of her servants and the King her brother resented it also when notice was sent him though it was nothing to be wondred at for he himself had discharg'd the Spanish servants his Queen had brought with her not long after she came in the same manner The King of England dispatch'd a Messenger of honor to the Court of France to give a true information of matters which affoorded but little satisfaction Thereupon Marshall Bassompierre was sent Ambassador extraordinary to England expresly about this busines but matters were thrust so far off the hinges that they could not be set right again so soon The French began the first act of hostilitie and that before any public Declaration was publish'd by seizing a great number of English and Scottish ships at Blay as they were returning from the vintage with cargazons of wines from Bourdeaux but the Scots were releas'd the English still stayed A little after an Edict issued out in the Kings name to interdict all commerce and traffic with England that no kind of grain wines or pulse should be transported thither nor from thence to France any cloth serges woolls lead tinn stuffs silk stockings with an enumeration of divers other commodities by this one may observe the advantage that England hath of France in varietie and substance of Marchandizes The French Chroniclers obtrude to the world divers wrong informations of this travers twixt England and France 1. They relate that the French were casheer'd of the Queens service with little or nothing at all of their wages which is false for they were payed to a peny and many of them parted with gifts and much wealth 2. They report that the Queen out of her necessities had borrow'd much money of them which was also a calumny for there was never Princesse liv'd in greater plentie 3. They make the world beleeve that the first depraedations at Sea and acts of Piracy were committed by the English which is another falshood for besides the seisure of the Marchants at Blay where they came to reimbarque their Ordnance divers other praedatory acts were done by the French 4. They publish also another imposture that while the Earls of Carlile and Holland were in the heat of the Treaty of a Match with England the same time they did machinat the ruine of France the first time that England was ever taxed of double dealing 5. That his Majesty of Great Britain had no hand in the Pacifications which were made twixt the King and them of the Religion whereas his Ambassadors and Agents did alwayes follow the Kings Army to their excessive expences and did perpetually negotiat in their behalf and became caution to them for performances on the Kings side Thus a black cloud hung between England and France which broak out into a shrew'd though short tempest of war The King of Great Britain riggs up his galeons and in a very short time puts to Sea a huge royall fleet in perfect equippage of 150. Sayles with an Army of 10000. combatants which by the advise and directions of Monsieur Subize and Blancart who had fled to England some moneths before were
to sayle towards Rochell and seize upon the Islands of Ré Oleron In Oleron the English when they were in possession of Guyen made those famous Maritim laws which are observ'd by all the Western world to this day The Duke of Buckingham was chosen Admiral by Sea and General by Land of this great expedition who publish'd this following Manifesto to the world What part the Kings of Great Britain have alwayes taken in the affairs of the Reformed Churches of this Kingdom and with what care and zeale they have labour'd for the good of them is manifest to all and the examples thereof are as ordinary as the occasions have been The now King my most honor'd Lord and Master comes nothing short of his Predecessors therein if his good and laudable designes for their good had not bin perverted to their ruine by those who had most interest for their due accomplishment What advantages hath he refus'd what Parties hath he not sought unto that by his alliance with France he might restore more profitably and powerfully the restitution of those Churches to their ancient liberty and splendor And what could be lesse hoped for by so strict an alliance and from so many reiterated promises by the mouth of a great Prince but effects truly royall and sorting with his greatnes But failings have bin such that his Majesty by so many promises and so straight an obligation of friendship hath not only bin disappointed of means to obtain Liberty and Surety for the said Churches and to restore Peace to France by the reconciliation of those whose breath utters nothing else but all manner of obedience to their King under the liberty of their Edicts that contrariwise they have prevayl'd by the interest which he had in those of the Religion to deceive them and by this means not only to untie him from them but also to make him if not odious unto them at least suspected in perverting the means which he had ordain'd for their good to a quite contrary end Witnes the English Ships not design'd for the extirpation of them of the Religion but to the contrary expresse promise was made that they should not be us'd against them in the last Sea-fight What then may be expected from so puissant a Prince as the King my Master so openly eluded but a thorough feeling equall and proportion'd to the injuries receiv'd but his patience hath gone beyond patience and as long as he had hopes that he could benefit the Churches by any other means he had no recours by way of Arms so far that having bin made an instrument and worker of the last Peace upon conditions disadvantagious enough and which would not have bin accepted without his Majesties intervention who interpos'd his credit and interest to the Churches to receive them even with threatnings to the end to shelter the honor of the most Christian King under assurances of his Part not onely for the accomplishment but also for the bettering of the said Conditions for which he stands caution to the Churches But what hath bin the issue of all this but onely an abuse of his goodnesse and that which his Majesty thought a soverain remedy for all their sores hath it not brought almost the last blow to the ruine of the Churches It wanted but a little by continuing the Fort before Rochell the demolishment whereof was promis'd by the violences of the soldiers and Garrisons of the said Fort and Isles as well upon the Inhabitants of the said Town as upon strangers in lieu whereas they should have retir'd they have bin daily augmented and other forts built as also by the stay of the Commissioners in the said Town beyond the time agreed on to the end to make broyles and by means of the division which they made to slide among the Inhabitants to open the gates to the neighbouring Troupes and by other withstandings and infractions of peace I say it little faild that the said Town and in it all the Churches had not drawn their last breath And in the mean time while his Majesty hath yet continued and not oppos'd so many injuries so many faith-breakings but by complaint and Treaty untill he had receiv'd certain advice confirm'd by intercepted Letters of the great preparation the most Christian King made to powre upon Rochell And then what could his Majesty of Great Britain do but to vindicat his honor by a quick arming against those who had made him a complice of their deceits And to give testimony of his integrity and zeale which he hath alwayes had for the reestablishing of the Churches an establishment which shall be dear and precious to him above any other thing This is the sole end of his arming at this time and not any particular interest Yet whosoever would doubt hereof let him consider the circumstance of times and disposition of affairs as they stand now with the King my Master For who will beleeve that he can have any dessein upon France or to have projected conquests here in a time so disadvantageous having now for his enemy one of the puissantst King of the world and if he had such a design surely he would have sent greater forces then I have now under command whereof if the number were known they would be judg'd but Auxiliaries only and that their ayme is no other but for the good of the Churches which for so many important reasons and considerations he finds himself oblig'd before God and men to protect and succour But if it be alledg'd that the King my Master hath been mov'd to take up armes for other respects as the detention and seizure of all the ships and goods of his subjects at Bourdeaux and other places of this Kingdom to the breach and manifest contravention of the peace 'twixt the two Crowns which in this point tend expresly to the irrepairable prejudice yea to the totall ruine of commerce in the rupture whereof the poore people of this Realme being not able to vent their Merchandises groans not onely under the burden of so many taxes and impositions but for the very necessities of life it self That the apprehensions the King my Master hath of the powerfull encrease of the most Christian King by Sea hath mov'd him to arme for preventing the growth thereof and lastly that being hopelesse of any accommodation of things he hath bin constrain'd to put himself in armes The answer to all this is that whosoever will search the Arrests prises and seasures which have bin made on both sides he shall find the King my Master and his subjects have hitherto profited by this breach and that it hath turn'd to their advantage In the second place he is so far off from being jealous of the pretended power by Sea and that he should have reason to hinder it that there needs no more then for him to grant when he thinks it fit Letters of Mart to his subjects and so these vain and feeble forces
Soubize he march'd away at last There was a great debate in the Cittadell whether the English should be poursued in the Retreat or whether a bridge of silver should be made them to passe quietly away The first opinion prevayl'd so they had not march'd a Musket shot from the Town but two hundred horse two thousand foot were at their heeles The English made a stand to see whether the French would fight but they would not so they continued their march till they came to la Nova a little village where they made another stand thinking the French would charge which they forboare still Thence they march'd to Lewisbridg where they were to imbark but before two Regiments were pass'd over the Bridg which was very narrow the French fell upon the English horse in the reare and routed them so that the foot could not charge then they began to fly and the enemy had the execution of five Regiments which he put most to the sword except twenty Officers and one hundred common soldiers divers also were drown'd in the salt-pits and dikes so there perish'd in all neer upon two thousand besides the sick which were left before the Cittadell all whose throats were cut and sent in a Bark thrust from the shore to the English Ships My Lord Monjoy now Earl of Newport was there taken prisoner old Colonel Gray was fallen into a salt-pit and being upon point of being drown'd he cryed out cent mill escus pour marancon a hundred thousand crowns for my ransom so the noise of the mony sav'd his life There were divers prisoners besides taken but they were sent as a present to the Queen of England to whom the King writ this following Letter by le Chevalier de la Ramé call'd du Meau Madame my sister It having pleas'd God to blesse my arms in such sort that my Lord Monjoy Colonel Gray divers Captains Officers and Gentlemen remaind my prisoners in the journey which pass'd at Ré the eighth of this moneth I was willing to testifie unto all Christendom the speciall esteem which I make of your Person by sending unto you the said prisoners which I have let go upon their words for your sake Nothing having invited me thereunto but the friendship which I bear you and the knowledge I also have that I cannot do an act more acceptable to the Queen my Mother then to do for your sake what I would not do for any other Du Meau will assure you of my health I pray you have a care of your own which is most deer unto me and I assure you that the world hath not a brother which makes more account of a sister then I do of you so I rest my Lady and Sister your most affectionat Brother Lewis From the Campe before Rochell the last of November 1627. There were also forty foure Colours taken which the King sent to the two Queens at Paris and they hang to this day in the great Church there This was the dismall'st day that the English ever had in France who in times pass'd perform'd such stupendous exploits in that Countrey yet the Invasion was made with much gallantry for they might be said to have swom through water and blood to take footing on the Island which discover'd much of the ancient courage of the Nation Besides they did before the Cittadel as much as men could do upon their marching away they made two stands to draw Schomberg to fight notwithstanding that they had not in number a quarter of the horse that he had newly transported from the Continent They took likewise divers prisoners of note who were released also without ransome by his Majesty of Great Britain Divers omissions there were that prov'd fatall to this expedition 1. The not speedy marching of the English Army in poursuance of their first victory to the Cittadell where Toiras had time in the interim to fortifie 2. The not taking of the little Fort la Prée in the way which might have serv'd for a retreat 3. That the Duke did not follow the advice of Burrowes to go to Oleron a greater Island and afterwards of the knowingst Colonels so often press'd upon him to march away before Schomberg came over for so he might have made an honorable retreat then which there is nothing more difficult in the fait of armes not is it any disgrace to go away in the night for preventing of being beaten in the day Monsieur Soubizes counsell was the cause of these omissions who was the main contriver of this infortunate voyage with Blancart who fell at first landing And it seems a hard destiny hanted the said Soubize though a worthy man of himself in all attempts from the beginning He was taken prisoner at Saint Iohn d'Angely he was forc'd to flye at Royan and twice with this time at Ré He had but ill succes at Medoc and divers ill-favor'd encounters at Sea though he lost lesse honor there then a shore Some outlandish Chroniclers would have it that there were three Furies which impell'd the English to this Expedition 1. The ambition of Buckingham 2. The felony of Soubize 3. The rebellion of the Rochellers but these men write more out of passion then knowledge for as I instanc'd in the beginning of this relation there were divers causes to move England to armes as matters stood then The King having had such rare successe against the English he resolves upon the planting of a serious siege before Rochell thereupon order was given for an exact circumvallation by Land and Pompco Targon an Italian Engineer was employed for Sea works the said Targon being assisted with the Cardinals headpeece fell on a plot to raise a huge dike in the channell which the Rochellers geer'd at first but they found it the bane of their Town at last The Rochellers had recourse to the King of Great Britain for protection who resenting their sad condition employed two Royall Fleets for their succour which made but sory returns The Duke of Buckingham was to be General of the last but he was tragically slain the day before he was to embark Thereupon the Earl of Linzey went in his place but before he appear'd before the Town Targon had finish'd the gran Dike whereof the Cardinal was dayly overseer the King being then in Paris there were certain kind of palissadoes and other strange fabriques rais'd in the channel to the wonderment of the world for Marquis Spinola at his revokment from Flanders to Spain and passing by the Kings Army said he had never seen the like being as trenches and barricadoes erected in the Sea and they were done with that advantage that no navall power could do any good upon them In so much that the English Fleet being arriv'd the Cardinal sent to the General that he should have safe pasport to come a shore with six of his knowingst Commanders with permission to view the works and if they thought in their judgements
would acknowledge him the greatest man of Europe were he not born for the ruine of our party and the abolition of the Reformed Religion This young generous warlike King though too much zealoused to Popery following in every thing the counsels of this Priest as Oracles can we doubt but our defence though lawfull as being for Religion and liberty of conscience be not an occasion to him to advance our destruction under pretext of rebellion and felony After all that Gentlemen you must consider that the taking of Rochell hath extinguish'd all Factions throughout the Kingdom which commonly serv'd to the encrease of our party In so much that of three hundred places good and bad which we had formerly in our hands we have not 30. remaining without rents without soldiers or means to put into them all together as many men as would serve to preserve one alone For although our Parsons cry out daily in their Chaires that we ought not to despaire of heavenly succour yet receiving every day proofs of the wrath of the Eternal there is more appearance to expect punishment for our sins then miracles for the re-establishment of our affaires Peradventure you will promise your selfs some great assistance from strangers and specially from Protestants whom the conformity of Religion which ties them to our interests may oblige to assist us in so urgent necessity But I pray consider that the Germans have enough to defend themselfs from the oppression of the Emperour consider the elusions of the Hollander the impuissance of the Savoyard who hath bled at the nose the lightnes of the English who have concluded a peace with France without comprehending us who were the sole object of the war And if you stay for the offers of Spain which loves not our Nation and our Religion lesse know that he studies how to engage us so far against the King that we may become incapable of his grace and that the succours wherewith he will supply us which is but a little money will not serve but to prolong our ruine by enfeebling France by our Civill Wars and intestine broyles For my self I am now as much solicited as ever to abandon you and to take advantagious conditions of his Majesty but I shall never hearken to any thing but wherein you may find your satisfaction in a generall Treaty for the whole Cause as also particularly for your Towns If your wisdoms find it to purpose that it be more expedient to seek our conservation with the exercise of our Religion and liberty of our consciences within the obedience which we owe to our lawfull Prince then in resistance which though just of it self is held by the Enemies of our Faith no other then a Rebellion and high Treason whereby under a more specious pretext to exterminat and destroy us Or if contrary to all appearance of human reason you take a resolution to stiffen your selfs against so victorious and invincible a power I resolve also to incur all hazards with you though I am sory that neither the advancement of the Faith can be found in my resolution nor your security in my danger nor your safety in my losse This studied speech with the sense of the late ill successe and of the Kings power wrought so far upon the Assembly that it extorted a willingnes to submit unto a Treaty which was propounded accordingly so a little after there was a generall peace concluded with the Reformists and the King being in Languedoc where the Plague after this scourge of War was very rife he went therefore himself to Paris and left the Cardinal behind to consummat all things who amongst other places entred Montauban where Espernon met him and reentred into a perfect friendship with him Montauban following the example of all the rest of the Towns dismantled herself of all new fortifications and restor'd the Church lands c. The Cardinall being return'd to Paris the Peace with his Majesty of Great Britain was solemnly renew'd and sworn unto but they of the Religion took it ill that there was no mention at all made of them in the Treaty they having bin declar'd to be the object of Englands last war with France All the Princes were commanded to be at this Ceremony and because a difference did arise for precedency 'twixt forrein Princes of souverain Houses and the naturall sons of Kings a provisional Order was made by the Privy Counsel That every one should take place according to his seniority of age Thus our fourth Lustre of the life of Lewis the thirteenth ends with an Olive branch of a double Peace one with a forren Prince the King of Great Britain which was solemnly sworn unto by both Kings Sir Thomas Edmunds being Ambassadour for the one and the Marquis of New-Castle de Chasteau neuf for the other The second Peace was concluded with his own subjects the whole Body of the Religion whom he had now reduc'd to an exact rule of obedience having seiz'd upon dismantled and secur'd all their praesidiary Towns which were neer upon fifty whereof Montauban was the last that left her Mantle So that they must hereafter depend no more upon Garrisons but Royall Grace A mighty work then which nothing could conduce more to make him so absolut a Monark Thus ends the fourth Lustre The fifth Lustre of the Life of Lewis the thirteenth THe King having with such a strong hand put a period to the Civill Wars in his own Kingdoms by debelling his subjects of the Religion and utterly disabling them from banding against him for the future in dismantling all the tenable Towns they had for their security and disguarding other places they held to the number of three hundred of all Military strength whereby he brought them to depend totally upon his favor for their liberty and the performance of the Edicts granted in their behalfe he now thinks upon another march ore the Alps for the support of the Duke of Mantova once his vassall and still partly so being a Frenchman by birth though not by extraction And this he might now do with lesse fear then formerly having quieted and secur'd all things in France according to the saying Frustrà foris agit bellum qui domi timet incendium He vainly combats abroad who fears combustions at home The Duke of Nevers being now settled in Mantova the French grew powerfull in Italy which the Spaniard could not well disgest Thereupon a Ligue was struck 'twixt the Emperour and him whereinto the Duke of Savoy entred afterward The Emperor questions the Duke of Nevers about Mantova though not for the Title yet for the investiture which he was to receive from him Hereupon he sends an Army to Italy under the command of Colalto a great Captain and Marquis Spinola a greater was Generall for the King of Spain nor was the little Duke Emanuel of Savoy inferior to either who after Henry the Great 's death assum'd to himself the title of the
of France holding Lorain in fee of the one and the Duchy of Bar of the other While the Treaty at Vic 'twixt the King and the Duke of Lorain was in agitation the Marshall de la Force and Schomberg took Moyenvic whence they marchd before the Town of Tryers the protection of whose Archbishop the King had undertaken he being amongst the seven Electors Lord High Chancelor of France as he of Collen is of Italy and he of Mentz of Germany Tryers in a short time fell to parley and so rendred herself upon honorable termes In this yeer there came an Ambassador from the Emperour of Morocco to the Court of France who afterwards went to his Majesty of Great Britain taking France first in his way as she stood he brought a Letter in Arabic to this effect God is Our confidence These Letters of the most mighty Emperour who being assisted by Divine grace and favor is alwayes happy swelling with victory whose most illustrious Court is full of grandeurs and prosperity are sent to the most Noble the most High and most excellent Dignity whose Realm within the bounds of Christendom hath the most illustrious name and ranke To the Dignity I say of the most eminent the most noble the most happy and the most renowned Emperour the King of France and Navar the Emperour Lewis son to mighty magnificent famous and magnanimous Emperours Having wish'd glory to God the soverain Master of all Glory and Majesty whose Empire hath no need of any Counsellor or the assistance of any Prince whose prayses cannot be expressed by any tongue though never so eloquent Having rendred the honours which are due to our Lord Mahomet most eminent in dignity most rich in treasure preserver of men in the tempestuous day of judgement we desire of God that the people made famous by this Prophet be acceptable unto him that he please to maintain them ever in his particular protection and that all they who love him persist to the end in the exercise of good and laudable actions And we make particular prayers for the prosperitie of his most high imperial prophetic and most eminent throne assisted always by God and wherein by the meanes of his invincible force the elect people and all his subjects are exalted his memory and steps remaining to eternity This Letter of our high Majesty hath bin written from the throne of our Empire of Maroc which God by his grace and goodnes and by the benediction of his Apostle conserve who doth not subsist but by the continuall assistance of God whose providence never ceasing to assist him serves incomparably more to his defence then any other of all the Armies of the world for which we render infinit thanks to his Divine Majesty to whom is the sole power strength and might c. The Superscription was To the most renowned and magnificent dwelling within all the bounds of Christendom the most eminent Palace The Palace of the most Honorable the most Noble the most Mighty Emperour the King of France and Navar the Emperour Lewis This Mahumetan Ambassador came from Muley King of Morocco in Barbary for the redemption of certain slaves that were in Marseilles Gallies which he obtain'd and in exchange all the French that were Captifs in Saly and other places belonging to Morocco were releas'd besides it was agreed that the King of France might nominat Consuls in those Towns of commerce which were under his Dominion who should have power to determin any controversie that might intervene between the subjects of France there traffiquing Such a bombardicall Letter he brought also accompagnied with presents to the King of Great Britain who sent an English Fleet in his favor against the Pyrats and Rebell Saint of Saly who did him much service for reducing the Town to his obedience Don Gonzales de Cordova passing through France to Flanders came to kisse the Kings hands who sent him a rich sword valued at four thousand crowns inlay'd with Diamonds which he refus'd and Monsieur Guron conducted him to Cambray he refus'd also the present that Gonzales would have given him saying That he disdain'd any present from him who refus'd the bounty of his King The Duke of Lorain receives Monsieur again into his Countrey notwithstanding the former Treaty and leavies forces for him to enter France the King being extremely incens'd thereat marcheth suddenly towards Lorain and employes the forces that was design'd for Germany that way with whom he joyn'd in person and took divers places in Lorain The Duke finding himself unable to resist and being in despair of any forces from Flanders the Spaniard being then busie at Mastric he had recourse to a Treaty which the King yeelded unto The Treaty was to be held at Liverdun where the Cardinal met the Deputies of the Duke Most of the Articles of the Treaty at Vic were confirm'd and the Duke was oblig'd besides to deliver unto him Iamets and Stenay for hostage and to make an absolut sale unto him of the County of Clermont for a pecuniary sum thus the busines was quickly concluded and the Cardinal of Lorain was to remain for pledge till the Capitulations were perform'd The Duke of Lorain being thus surpriz'd was made unable to assist Monsieur as he expected nor could he have any supplies from Flanders because of the siege at Maestrict yet he enters France with eighteen hundred horse most of them strangers as Liegeois and Crabats He publish'd a Manifesto to justifie his taking of Arms Charging Richelieu with the usurpation and dissipation of France and that he had no other intent but to let his Majesty know how much he was deceived and so exhorted all good Frenchmen to assist him in his laudable desseins The King caus'd a counter-Manifesto to be proclaimed declaring them Traytors in the highest degree that should adhere to Monsieur yet if he would lay down his Arms and submit himself within the compas of forty dayes after the publication of the said Manifesto he would forget all faults pass'd and Monsieur should find such welcome that he should have cause to extoll the Kings goodnes and detest the pernicious counsels that had bin given him The King doubting that words would little prevail without the sword dispatch'd Marshall de la Force with ten thousand foot and twelve hundred horse to Languedoc because he understood that Monsieur would draw in Monmorency to joyn him which he did with foure Bishops more the Duke of Monmorency then Governor of Languedoc summons the States together wherein he declar'd himself for Monsieur and never to separat from his interests till the Government was reform'd The King hearing of Monmorencies revolt was extreamly incens'd and the more because he had sent him extraordinary Commission and money besides to raise Troups for his service wherewith he was now ready to bandy against him therupon he commanded his House in Paris to be seiz'd on and all his goods inventoriz'd amongst which there were
550000. Franks found in money He caus'd a Declaration also to be publish'd wherein he and all his Adherents were proclaym'd Rebells Monsieur and Monmorency were grown so strong that the King in Person with an Army of twenty thousand foot and two thousand horse went to suppresse them Some of the Kings Army was about Castel nau-d ' Arry under the command of Schomberg where Monmorency in a martiall heat but more in a desperat then valiant resolution accompagnied with the Earls of Rieux and Fevillade and only eight horse more fac'd and set upon the Royalists broak the ranks of some of them kill'd divers and hurt many but after he was hurt himself in the face and in sundry places about his body so that he fell off his horse and cried out for a Confessor so one of his men taking him upon his back he was taken prisoner and carried upon a ladder to Castel nau d' Arry In the said conflict was kill'd one of Henry the Great 's base sons the Count of Moret with the fore-mentioned Earls of Rieux and Fevillade and the whole Army was routed Notwithstanding all these provocations the King sent a gracious Message to Monsieur inviting him to come unto him and the same day Monsieur had sent to the King Chaudebonne with these Propositions 1. That the Duke of Monmorency should be releas'd and reestablish'd in his estate and government together with the Dukes of Elbaeuf and Bellegarde 2. That his Majesty would render to the Duke of Lorain all the places he detain'd from him 3. That an Act of abolition should passe 4. That a million of Franks which he had borrow'd should be pay'd Whereunto the King made this Answer My Brother the Propositions which Chaudebonne hath made me in your behalf are so little sortable to my dignity to the public and your own proper good that I cannot return any other answer then what I sent you formerly by Monsieur Aiguebonne to testifie my affection unto you I pray dispose of your self to receive the effects of them assuring you that in so doing I shall forget what 's pass'd and shall make it appear unto you more and more that I am your most affectionat Brother Lewis This Letter was seconded a little after with Articles to this effect 1. That Monsieur should acknowledge his fault by writing and desire the King to forget and pardon 2. That he give the best assurance he can not to fall into a relaps 3. To have no intelligence with Spain Lorain or any other strange Prince nor with the Queen his Mother as long as she continues in the case she stands and to sojourn in what place the King shall appoint him 4. That he mingle not his interests with those that were his Complices and ill counsellors which must be proceeded against according to law yet amongst them his domesticks shall be exempted 5. That Puy Laurens who suggested these ill Counsels into him sincerely confesse what further practises were intended against the State and that he acknowledge himself culpable before he receive grace To all these Monsieur subscrib'd in this forme We Gaston son of France unic Brother to the King Duc of Orleans Chartres and Valois Earl of Blois do consent to what is propounded by his Majesty and upon the word and faith of a Prince we promise a religious performance of all the Articles We promise besides to conspire with all our power to all the good desseins of the King for the grandeur and safety of his Kingdoms and to love them that love his Majesty and specially our Cosen the Cardinall of Richelieu whom we hold to be necessary to the Person and States of the King for his fidelity After this a Declaration was publish'd for all strangers that came in with Monsieur to quit the Kingdom within 8. dayes some of the chiefest instruments of this sollevation were cut off by the sword of Justice and amongst other the foure Bishops spoken of before were legally proceeded against by a speciall Brief from Rome wherein there were foure Archbishops nominated as Deligats to judge them whereof the Archbishop and Prince of Arles was chief though the ancient form of proceeding against Prelats for crimes was us'd to be by a Synod of the Gallic Bishops Not one of the foresaid Delinquent Bishops was condem'd to die only the Bishop of Albi was depriv'd of his Bishoprick and confin'd to a Monastery to eat the bread of sorrow There fell this yeer upon the Kings return from Narbon through Languedoc in a sudden showr of rain such huge cataracts of water from the Airie Region that two hundred persons were drownd upon the highwayes four Coches of the Queens and fifty Carts were swallowed up in the deluge The Duke of Monmorency being taken prisoner was carried to Tholouse where he was to receive his tryall not by his Peers but by the ordinary way of Justice he was legally convicted and condemn'd there were all means possible us'd for his pardon but the King was inflexible so with exemplary patience and piety he pai'd Nature her last tribut he put off his doublet himself and cut off his hair and mustachos before he came to the Block Thus fell Henry of Monmorency Duke Peer and Marshall and of the ancientest extractions of France in so much that Henry the Great was us'd to say that he was a better Gentleman then himself the Motto in his Scutcheon was Dieu aide le premier Chevalier Chrestien God preserve the first Christian Cavalier he left no son nor male Heir behind so this Illustrious Family went out like a snuffe such an ill-savor'd sent Rebellion leaves behind it Monsieur for not obtaining Monmorencys pardon though he had prevayl'd for the Dukes of Elbaeuf and Bellegarde grew again discontented and forsakes France The Cardinall of Richelieu had at this time a dangerous fit of sicknes so that a great while the infirmities of his body would not give him leave to exercise the functions of his soule A little after his convalescence there was a chapter of the Knights of the Royall Order the Holy Spirit kept wherein there were forty nine more created and the honor was conferr'd chiefly upon them that had serv'd against them of the Religion The Duke of Lorain appearing more for the House of Austria then the Sweds in the German war the King to quarrell with him demanded homage for the Duchy of Bar the Duke wav'd the performance of this ceremony alledging that those homages which were pretended to be done by his Progenitors were but visits and complements not any reall dutyes there being no act upon record for them There happend another occasion of displeasure against the Duke in that the Princess Margaret was maried to Monsieur not only without the Kings consent but expresly against his command It being observ'd that Matches with that Family have bin fatall and that Lorain milk have engendred but ill bloud in France So he arms mainly against the Duke
and only aime was to procure an universall and well grounded peace throughout Christendom Before this Declaration was divulg'd a Herald of Arms was sent to Brussells where he publicly pronounc'd war against the King of Spain in the Market place and so in every Town at his return to France and he pass'd to and fro without any outrage at all The King had five Royall Armies in motion this Sommer the first in Lorain under the Duke of Angoulesme de la Force the second under the Cardinal de la Valette in Germany wherewith Bernard Weymer joyn'd The third was under the Duke of Crequy in Italy wherewith the Savoyard and Parmasan joyn'd The fourth was under the Duke of Rohan wherewith the Venetians and Grisons joyn'd to conserve the Valtolin The fifth was under the Marshall Chastillon in Picardy The first did some exploits against the Duke of Lorain where Ihon deWert Coloredo and the Baron of Clinchant took Saint Mihel and other places The second under de la Valette who had Coronell Hebron and divers Scots of his Army and having taken Binghen and other places he had a shrewd conflict with Galas neer Boulac where a great many of French Nobles and Gentlemen were slain so that this Army made not so good returns as the first The third under Rohan thrive well he fortified many places in the Valtolin and had a shrewd fight neer Bormio defeated Sarbellon and 3000. were slain upon the place The fourth under Crequy performed much in Italy divers places were taken in the Countrey of Alexandrin but laying a siege before Valentia he was forc'd to raise it The fifth under Chastillon had the best fortune of any for being to joyn with the Prince of Orenge at Maestricht he met in the way with Prince Tomaso at Avein neer Namur where after a tough serious fight above 3000. of the enemies fell 1500. men taken prisoners 95. Colours and 16. peeces of Ordnance After this exploit the French Army marchd towards Maestricht through the Countrey of Liege where Chastillon met with the Prince of Orenge and Bovillon there were high acclamations of joy at the conjunction of both Armies who came to the number specified in the Treaty all effectif men Add hereunto that there was a third Army of the Duke of Bovillons In so much that there was never since the beginning of the Belgique war a greater and more numerous body of Military strength at one time an Army able to gain an Empire for it was compos'd of neer upon 70000. combatants whereof there were above 10000. horse but their achievements and succes was not answerable to their power for they took but two mean Towns Tillemont and Diest and the Castle of Dormaet the first was pittifully pillag'd nor could the French soldiers be kept within any limits of awe but they did violat and plunder both Churches and Convents and committed many other strange outrages The Armies then march'd as far as Brussells and took prisoners out of the very suburbs but it was held neither safe to sit down before the place nor a thing feasible to take it the Cardinal Infante being intrench'd not far off in a very advantagious post therefore the Armies came before Lovain where they presently began their batteries the Marquis of Varennes with divers French fell there and divers more They of the Town made a furious sally upon the English quarters wherein Sir Charles Morgan was hurt and eighty more slain but in a short space they were repell'd to the Town with a considerable losse They made two brave sallies more upon Chastillons quarters a little after but the tenth day the siege was rais'd and the Town quite cleer'd of so vast an Army the reasons of the raising of this siege were first a great necessity of provision the second the strength of the enemy for Piccolomini was come to Namur with a fresh Army lastly the ignorance they had of the quality of the place in point of strength and her neernes to the greatest Towns in Brabant as Antwerp Brussells Malines with other These huge Armies being retreated from before Lovain the nimble Crabats did notably plague their reeres and carried away good booties Diest was also repris'd and the French Army being before Venlo news came that the famous Sconce of Schenk was taken by the Spanish Garrison of Gueldres as also that the Duke of Saxe the potentest Prince of Germany and the Dictator of the Protestants had made his peace with the Emperour besides that Iean de Wert had invaded and extremely ravag'd Lorain up and down which made Chastillon trusse up his baggage and leave Venlo and think upon homewards Thus this formidable French Army melted away to a small number nor could they who were left know which way to return to France so most of them were sent by Sea from Flushing and other places neverthelesse had their retreat bin answerable to their first entrance into the Netherlands when Chastillon gain'd such a notable victory of Prince Tomaso they had made a gallant Expedition of it but it was observ'd that after their sacriledges at Tillemont the Wind blew alwaies in their faces and nothing prosper'd with them Besides sundry good successes by Land the Spaniard this yeer had some prosperous gales at Sea for the Duke Fernandin and the Marquis de sancte Cruz took from the French with 22. Gallies and 5. Galeons two Islands in the Mediterranean call'd Sancta Margarita and Saint Honorat which much prejudic'd the Trade of Provence and all maritime commerce to Italy Young Oxenstern the Chancelor of Swedens son came in a gay equippage Ambassador to France this yeer he was treated with no common esteem and at his departure the King took off his finger a rich Ring which he wore that day of purpose to give him The said Oxenstern passing over to England upon the like employment though his reception was altogether as good and his present as valuable yet he refus'd the latter The maritim might and navall power of France never appear'd more then this yeer for the King being very sensible of the losse of his Islands neer Provence assembleth all the great ships which could be found in the Ports of Normandy Britainy Poitou and Guyen to the number of 59. vessels wherein there were embark'd neer upon 6000. men and they carie 400. peeces of Ordnance the first rendevous was at Rochell the Count of Harcour was appointed Generall and Sourdis the Archbishop of Bourdeaux Admirall they lanc'd out into the main and coasting Spain without any rencounter they entred the Mediterranean the Fleet of Province was then also in a readines which consisted of 12. Gallies of which squadron the Bishop of Nants was Director in chief who with him of Bourdeaux left his spirituall See to try his fortunes on the salt Sea he was embark'd in the gran Galeon of the Duke of Guyses of 1200. Tonns there was another squadron also of the gallies of France
Conestabili de Lediguieres in Generum datus est Ut Heroum filius Gallici Martis alumnus esset Sub eo Magistromaturè vincere coepit ut diu vinceret Ea aetate militiae Magister qua vix alii sunt Tyrones Nulla est Galliae Provincia ubi non vicerit hostes Regios Nulla occasio in qua non vicerit suos Renovavit gentilitii vexilli praerogativam dum renovavit victoriam Iterum hoc clamore Gallico dignus A Crequy Crequy le gran Baron nul ne s y frotte Tot ultra Alpes victorias retulit ut Galliam Cisalpinam restaurare potuerit Nisi Gallia Italiam sociam babere mallet quà m subditam Subaudiam Subalpinos sic expugnavit hostis ut Verruca una non steterit Si defendit Amicus ut Verruca una non perierit Nec dubium quin servasset Bremam qui Verrucam servaverat Nisi hostis absentem peremisset ne praesentem fugeret Nec tenacior fuit Regiae fidei quam Divinae Utramque obsignavit suo sanguine ut testatam faceret dum facit purpuream Inflictam ab Haeresi plagam medio in vultu ostentabat ut gemmam Nec insignior Gallicae fidei clientaris Legatus ire Romam potuit Quà m qui insignia Fidei in oculis gerebat Tacente lingua loqui haec plaga potuit Qualis esset fides Gallica Cujus Rex Apostolus Marescalli Martyres essent Nec siluit lingua Crequii cujus urbanitas Urbano sic placuit Ut in eo amaverit Palladem et agnoverit Martem Romanum patrocinium sic optavit Galliae ut Gallicum obtulerit Romae Nec silebit unquam haec lingua cui Fama pro voce erit Continuabit laudes lituo quas Mors intonare coepit tubo bellico Erravit Mors in Crequio laudavit dum peremit Inchoavit Elogium quod Fama absolvet et AEternitas canet Nec unquam exarescet Arbor Crequia cujus tot rami in poster is virent Videbit finem Galliae quae initium vidit Immortalis futura si tales semper nascantur surculi Abi viator ut mortem fallas Incipe immortalis esse dum moreris Generall Crequy being thus crack'd by a Cannon the Spaniard took Breme besieges Verselli which notwithstanding it was once succour'd by the French was rendred him upon the same termes that Don Pedro de Toledo had given the very same moneth when she was taken in the yeer 1625. France had better fortune this yeer by repelling the invading forces of Spain then by entring her confines another way for revenge We made mention a little before how bravely Leucato was preserv'd and to cry quittance with the Spaniard the Prince of Condé had a vast high Commission to be the Kings Lieutenant General in the Provinces of Guyen Languedoc Navar Bern and Foix with plenary power to command all the Gentry and make whom he would to mount a horseback for the war as also the Cominalty to forme the body of an Army to invade the territories of Spain so he pitch'd upon Fontarabia he took Iroon and Ouyarson Berha with other small places of advenues in the way and so he sate before the Town where the Pioner put presently spade in earth for a circumvallation The Archbishop of Bourdeaux came with a mighty Fleet by Sea to second this enterprise and the siege having lasted above threescore dayes he offer'd with his rondaches and by an assault Seaward to carry the Town Hereupon a Counsell of War was call'd where the Duke de la Valette who was Lieutenant Generall to the Prince of Condé spoak very gallantly that he and the Marshall de la Force had bin the chiefest Actors in that achievment thitherto that he had made a breach in the walls after the springing of two mines and done other things towards the straightning of the place and it was not consonant to reason or agreeable to the law of War and honor that another now that the work was almost brought to perfection should have the glory of their dangers sufferings and labours This clash 'twixt the Archbishop and the Duke de la Valette to whom Condé adhaer'd prov'd to be the ruine of this great Expedition for while they were debating the businesse after the breach was made for a generall assault the Spaniards came tumbling down the Hills and appeard to be more numerous far then they really were so after a great slaughter on both sides but more of the French whereof divers were thrust into the Sea the siege was rais'd and one may say The Town was lost for not offring to take it if they had presently poursued the breach Amongst divers errors which were committed in this action besides the weaknesse of their entrenchments two were the quitting of Passage without which the enemies would not have bin able to draw provision for their subsistence from Saint Sebastian then the not erecting of a work upon the mountain of Gadaloupe which was neer the Town and whence the Spaniard descended first The French Army retyring to the frontiers staid some dayes at Iroon expecting the enemy should poursue them which he did not whereby they inferr'd that he was not so strong as they took him to be and so he was willing to make them a bridge of sylver thus this Invasion came to nothing which made the Spaniard geer them afterwards saying They had in this attempt discover'd the true nature of the French viz. to enter like thunder and vanish like smoak De la Valette being come to Bourdeaux to the old Duke his Father after he had receiv'd relation how matters had gone and what traverses there pass'd 'twixt him and Condé and the Archbishop advis'd him to get away as soon as he could to England which he did and 't was time for him for afterwards his Proces was fram'd in Paris and he was executed in Effigie so by this act of Justice the publique dishonour which seem'd to reflect upon France in generall was restrain'd to his person Nor is it a new thing to sacrifice Commanders to such uses Besides the Duke of Espernon being now an hundred yeers of age and odd moneths and having continued above forty yeers Governour of Gascony was outed of his Office and commanded to retire to Plassac where he died some moneths after but before his death he had these severall disasters befell him within the revolution of one yeer his eldest son the Duke of Candale fell in Italy the Cardinall his brother died in Savoy his third son was in banishment in England and he himself dismiss'd of all command and depriv'd of this life The judgements of men were very discrepant touching the carriage of the busines of Fontarabia the major part imputed the fault to the Prince of Condé and the Archbishop who was a creature of the Cardinals For the first he was content his son the Duke of Anguien should marry the Cardinals Neece a little after which was done as some gave out of purpose for preventing
out for the Duke of Anjou the French quickly hearkens unto them so there was a Treaty at Narbona whither they sent twelve persons of quality for hostages and an Order issued out that he should be branded with a hot iron who spake of any accommodation with Castile It was agreed upon that upon putting themselfs under the Royall protection of the most Christian King he should furnish them with an Army of six thousand foot and two thousand horse to be maintain'd by the Catalans Whereupon three Commissioners were sent to Paris one for the Clergy another for the Nobility and a third for the Gentry and Cominalty They who were most busy herein and indeed the chiefest bellowes that blew this terrible fire were the Preaching Fryers and Monks who in lieu of obedience and conformity to Government and compliance with the necessities of the King having so many irons in the fire did teach and obtrude to the people nothing more then common priviledge and resumption of liberty whereby the affection of the vassall was imbitter'd and at last quite poyson'd against his Prince whence this Aphorisme may be collected That the best Instruments misapplied do greatest mischief and prove most dangerous to any State And as of the sweetest wines is made the sharpest Vineger so Churchmen who by their holy function and white robes of innocence should be the sweetest of all professions who should breath nothing but peace unity allegeance and love if they misapply their talent and abandon themselfs to the spirit of faction they become the bitterest enemies the most corroding cankers and worst vipers in any Common-wealth and most pernicious to the Prince In regard that they having the sway ore the conscience which is the Rudder that steers the actions words and thoughts of the rationall creature they transport and snatch it away whither they will making the Beast with many heads conceive according to the colour of those rods they use to cast before them The French having thus undertaken the protection of the revolted Catalan and cut the Spaniard work enough that way he did miracles against him about this time in the Netherlands for he made the Rat to eat the Cat and a Cow to spin out a bundle of Flax by rendring himself Master of Arras the chiefest Town of the Province of Artois after a strong stubborn siege which place the Flemins held to be inpregnable and as impossible to take as it was for the Rat and the Cow to do what was above said His Generall also in Italy the Count of Harcour did do strange exploits who having entred Piemont was besieg'd by the Spaniard in Chieri but he got through routs the enemy and succours Casal This he did with 1500. horse and a few foot who were nothing equall in number to the Spaniards who were thrice as many This ventrous achievement which some interpreted rashnes rather then true valor got him a mighty reputation Then he marcheth to Turin and besiegeth it but the gates were open'd to him within a short time so he made a glorious entrance into the Town and returns triumphantly ore the Hills to France having setled the King his Master in the protection of the Infant Duke of Savoy his Nephew which protection or tutele the Emperour seconded by the Spaniard alledg'd did belong to him by Imperial right during his minority There came a Messenger of State to Paris who brought notice of the Great Turks death in the flower of his youth though of a robust huge constitution He died by excesse of drinking some sorts of wine wherewith he was us'd to be oft distemper'd notwithstanding the strict law of Mahomet who us'd to preach this Doctrine That there was a Devill in every berry of the grape and therefore absolutly interdicted the use of wine in his Alchoran But such is the power of sensuall appetit in man that the spirit oftentimes is too weake to resist the motion of sense though the conscience should dictat that Hell it self stands gaping for him in the very fruition of the pleasure The genius of this great Potentat is very remarkable for when he came first to sit upon the throne of that mighty Empire he was of a mild gentle and peacefull nature but the Janizaries who may in time prove the bane of that Tyranicall Monarchy having violently cut off many of his great Officers and committed other acts of high insolencies whereat he had conniv'd and looked on as a sufferer a great while at last patience so often abus'd and stretch'd as it were upon the Tenter turn'd to fury in him and that in so high a degree that it came to alter and quite change his disposition and the very instinct of nature in him for of a soft easie and candid humour he became afterwards having bin so often provok'd by such bloudy spectacles as cruell and sanguinary as any that ever sway'd the Ottoman Empire And he order'd matters so that he found an opportunity to be reveng'd of all those that had affronted him before and bereft him of his Favourits and Officers He commonly carried with him a Ghelad an Executioner who at his sudden beck and in his sight took off many heads to offer up as Victimes for the life 's of his slain servants He grew to be so flesh'd in bloud that he was scarce capable of any compassion or appre hension of fear notwithstanding that his predecessor had been hacked to peeces not long before by one of his meanest soldiers for attempting to remove his Court from Constantinople t'other side the Hellespont to Damasco to be reveng'd of his cowardly Janizaries who would not fight the yeer before against the Pole as also of the Constantinopolitans for refusing to furnish him with moneys for that war Hence may be drawn this Caution That Princes natures are ticklish things to be tamper'd withall that it is dangerous to trench too far upon the softnesse of their dispositions as appears in this Monark who by often irritations fell from one extreme to another The horrid flames we spake of before which were kindled amongst those fiery Mountains the Pyreneys in Catalonia the chiefest part of Hispania Tarraconensis according to the old division did rage with such fury that the sparkles of them by a strong East-wind were caried into Portugall of old Hispania Lusitanica And as one torch lights another or any other thing whose matter is combustible and apt to take so this other Revolt was kindled by the first and Portugall was very well prepar'd to receive it as well for the aversnes and strong disaffection her Inhabitants have to the Castillan for I have heard them complain often that the greatest misery which could befall them was to lose their King Don Sebastian and to fall under the yoak of the Castillan as also for divers other causes First she complain'd that the King neglected to protect her against the Hollander in Brasil where he had taken Fernanbuck her chief
Duke of Savoy touching the Treaty of Monson though the Duke was not there in Person yet his businesse was dispatch'd with as much advantage to him as if he had bin there present by the French Ambassadors nor had he as much cause of grievance as he had of many high obligations of gratitude to have his Countrey and Towns restor'd unto him which had bin so often overrun by the French armes Concerning his colleguing with Protestants Spain may be upbraided as well for Charles the Fifth employed Lutherans whom he call'd his black bands against France and Rome her self and that by the advice of his Theologues This present King Philip had privat intelligence with the Duke of Rohan who pay'd him and his brother a yeerly Pension to keep France in action by Civill Wars and had entred into a Treaty with him accordingly consisting of divers capitulations Moreover the Catholic Kings have had and have to this day friendship and confederacie with divers Pagan Princes and amongst others with the King of Calecut who adores the Devil for a little Pepper or such like Commodities Nor are there wanting examples how in the time of the Moores the King of Aragon made use of Moriscos against another Christian King Another makes an odd Apologie for this King why he confederated with Protestants and employ'd them so much in his wars which is that he made use of them against the greatnes of the House of Austria only whom they suspect and perfectly hate And touching his subjects of the Religion in France it was never out of any affection unto them or out of any conceit of fidelity he had of them that from time to time he gave them Honor and offices in his Armies but out of a politic end to diminish and destroy them by degrees for a greater number of them then of Papists perish'd in his wars For breaking with his Brother in law the King of Spain and the House of Austria he did it meerly out of political interests and pure reason of State which is now grown to the highest point of subtilty and swayes the world more then ever It is well known that France as all Europe besides hath bin for many yeers emulous of Spaine and suspectfull of her greatnes for she hath bin still growing and gathering more strength any time these hundred yeers In so much that considering her huge large limbs she was become a Giant in comparison of all her neighbours France was fearfull of this unproportionable hugenes of hers more then any and therefore being somewhat distrustfull of his own strength to cope with her single he enters into confederation with others as the Hollander and Swed So that this war of France with Spain is meerly preventive Nor is preventive war a new thing but we have warrant for it from Antiquitie I am sure it is as old as that of Peleponnesus the ground whereof was to keep the power of Athens within its wonted channel which went daily swelling ore the old banks this gave the first alarum to the Lacedemonian to stand upon his Guard and to put himself in Armes whence afterwards issued that long liv'd war which History renders so famous to posterity Alphonso K. of Castile made war against the Moors and the rest of the Spanish Kings for there were divers then in Spain finding him encrease in power collegu'd against him and the reason the Historian gives is Nunquam satis fida principum potentia finitimis est occasionem proferendi Imperii avidè arripiente natura mortalium The Decree of the College of Sorbon is That the exorbitant greatnes of a neighbouring Prince may be a just ground for a war 'T is well known how watchfull those three Geryons of their times Charles the Fifth Henry the Eight of England and Francis the First of France were to keep their power in aequilibrio they had alwayes an eye upon the Scale to see which way it panch'd and out-pois'd And it hath bin us'd to be the old policy power of England though now crosse winds have long blown upon her to question any of her neighbours touching their encrease of strength in shipping There be examples without number how it hath bin alwaies the practise of the sagest Princes as being a rule that 's warrantable in the schoole of prudence and honor to prevent that their adjoyning neighbours oregrow them not by accesse of new power either by weakning their Allies by Monopolizing of Trade encrease of Territory by mastering of passages or by too neer approaches The last makes me think that it is high time for the Hollander to look about him considering the late acquests of the French in the Netherlands and to be warnd by the old Proverb Aye le François pour ton Amy non pas pour ton voisin Have the French for thy friend not for thy neighbour The Austrian Eagle had display'd his wings wider then formerly by addition of the Palatinat Triers and other places in Germany France took Armes to make him mew these new feathers and she had those three things which one said were requisit to make her eternall favourable unto her viz. Rome the Sea and Counsel Pope Vrban the Eight had his breeding there twenty yeers together and so was a friend to her she had a competent number of Ships and for Counsell she had Richelieu for her Pilot He was not like your Countrey Wasters that Demosthenes writes of who were us'd to grow skilful in defending those parts of the body where they had bin hurt but he could foresee and fence away the blow before it was given And for others he carried matters so that some of them found their hands sezi'd upon when they were ready to strike This caus'd him to make his King the first aggressor of the war against Spain wherein he had wonderfull successe and done such feats as hath appear'd already in the body of the story that as they have struck an amazement in the present age so they vvill breed an incredulity in the future Touching the last complaint against him that he peel'd and poll'd the Peasan 't is true he did so but he who is vers'd in the humour of that people vvhat boyling brains and perpetuall inclinations they have to noveltie and to break out into motion if they be pamper'd with peace and riches will conclude that there is a necessitie to keep them short in point of wealth vvhose ordinary effects are pride and insurrections Yet I beleeve there may be other more laudable vvayes of policy us'd for prevention of this then poverty It being a true maxime in the Academy of Honor that it is more glorious for a Prince to be King of an opulent free people then of a slavish and beggerly And the greatest reproach that Forreners cast upon the French Government is that the vvealth of the Countrey should be so unequally dispenc'd the King Clergy Nobles and Officers svvallovving up all vvhile the common people have scarce
to his youngest brother Armand whose life we write But afterwards by his meanes the Carthusian Fryer was brought to accept of the Archbishoprick of Aix in Provence then of Lions and so ascended to be Cardinal He had also two sisters Frances maried to the Baron of Pont de Curlay who had of her the Duchesse of Esguillon And Nicola his second sister was maried to the Marquis of Brezé Marshall of France and first French-Viceroy of Catalonia in Spain upon the late revolt who hath a son and a daughter by her Iohn Armand the son was Generall of the French Army in the West and employ'd Ambassador extraordinary to congratulat the new King of Portugall Clara Clemente the daughter was maried lately to the Duke of Anguiern eldest son to the Prince of Condé When his brother Alphonso had transmitted unto him the Bishoprick of Lusson he went to Rome for a Consecration and Paul the Fifth dispenc'd w th his incapacity of age for he was but 21 yeers old Some report that the Pope observing the height and activity of his spirit was overheard to say That that young Prelat would overturn the world being return'd to France from Rome and brought to kisse Henry the Fourths hands he was somewhat taken with him telling him that he was come from that place whence one day should descend upon him the greatest honor that Rome could affoord a Frenchman and afterwards he was us'd to call him his Bishop For divers yeers he applied himself altogether to the function of his Ministery and us'd to preach often in the Kings Chappell In the Assembly of the three States he was chosen Orator for the Ecclesiastiques where his pregnancy of wit first appeer'd publicly in matters of State Where upon he got footing afterward at Court and was made great Almoner Then his abilities discovering themselfs more and more he was nominated Ambassador extraordinary for Spain to accommode the differences then a foot 'twixt the Dukes of Savoy and Mantova when the Princes started out in discontent and put themselfs in armes to demolish the Marshall of Ancre some Privy Counsellors were outed of their Offices at Court amongst others Monsieur Villeray had his Writ of ease for being any more Secretary of State and the Bishop of Lusson was thought the fittest man to succeed him and to receive the Seales which he did and this diverted him from his forren employment to Spain When the Marquis of Ancre was Pistol'd and his wife beheaded there was a new face of things at Court another generation of Officers grew out of the corruption of the old among others Villeroy steps in to be Secretary of State again in the room of the Bishop of Lusson yet was the King willing he should sit still at the Counsell Table and Monsieur de Vignobles brought him an intimation of the Kings pleasure to that purpose But the Queen Mother retyring from Paris to Blois he chose rather to go with his old Mistresse then stay with a young Master as the pulse of the Court did beat then By some ill offices that were done 'twixt the King and his Mother by factious spirits many jealousies were dayly fomented between them Hereupon the Bishop of Lusson had order to withdraw himself from her Court so he retir'd to his Priory of Caussay but that distance being thought not sufficient he betook himself to his Bishoprick at Lusson and that place also being suspected to be too neer he was sent to Avignon the Popes Town which might be call'd a banishment for it was out of the Dominion of France Discontents growing higher twixt the King and his Mother till at last they broak out into a War and there being Armies on both sides in motion Luynes writ a Letter to the Bishop to repaire to Angoulesme to which Letter there was a Postscript annex'd all of the Kings own hand to the same effect The Queen Mother was fled thither from the Castle of Blois and by means of the Duke of Espernon with others had considerable forces a foot Here was a brave opportunity offer'd for the Bishop to shew his head-peece in atoning matters 'twixt the Mother and the Son for which end he was inordred to repaire thither He negotiated the busines so succesfully by his dextrous addresses and flexaminous strains of eloquence that he took away the inflamation of the wound and so made it easily curable A Treaty was agreed upon and the Capitulations being drawn he brought them to the King who receiv'd him with much shew of grace and so all matters were accommoded But this accommodation did not heale quite and consolidat the wound for it had not search'd it to the bottome therefore it began to fester and more putrified matter broak out of it then formerly The Mother and the Son take up armes again and the Bishop of Lusson was one of the prime Instruments to re-compose the busines which was done at last very effectually The merit of these high services got him a Red Hat and the dignity of Cardinal though some difficulties and many delayes interven'd before the finall dispatch came from Rome Then was he chosen Provisor of the ancient Colledge of Sorbon where he procur'd of the King that a new Chair of Controversie should be erected He also repair'd and much beautified that Colledge Then upon the instance and by the advice of the Queen Mother he was elected Prime Minister of State and Director in chief under the King of all matters concerning the public Government of the Kingdome so he came to be call'd the Argos of France The first great action that was performed by his guidance when he was clim'd to this Plenipotentiary power was the Mariage with England the Marquis of Vieu ville had been employ'd in this great busines but the Cardinal got some of the Capitulations better'd and more to the advantage of France alledging that it was not fit his Master being the Eldest Son of the Church should have conditions inferiour to those of Spain With this Match with England there was an alliance also made about the same time with Holland for a summe of Money These were the two first Coups d' estat stroaks of State that he made and it was done with this forecast that France might be the better enabled to suppres them of the Religion which the Cardinal found to be the greatest weaknes of that Kingdom Some of them being Pensioners to other Princes to embroyle France upon all occasions He found then that the House of Austria had got some advantage and encrease of power by certain holds it had seiz'd upon in the Valtolin He adviseth his King to ligue with the Venetian and the Savoyard which he did and so spoil'd the design of the Spaniard that way The King being told that upon the beheading of the Count of Chalais and the imprisonment of the Marquis of Ornano about Monsieurs Mariage his Cardinal had thereby got divers enemies he appointed him a band
vel jure vel injuria capite plecti voluit Magnates aliquot carcere perpetuo plures exilio damnavit multos ab Aula removit innumeros proscripsit ne ipsius consiliis obessent nec unquà m mitis Gallia tam frequentia supplicia vidit Magni Regis quem magno studio decepit nixus potentia foecundi Regni opibus adjutus infinitas sagittas perdidit ut scopum praecipnum a quo aberravit attingeret Aliquos exitus secundos insanis conatibus pepererunt mentis actio vel agitatio continua projecta est omnia tentans mentis audacia rigida severitas Brevi evertendus si inter hostes externos aliquos cautiores inter aversos Gallos ferè omnes vel adversarium unum invenisset Multùm illi favit quod eum vix quis noverit vel iis qui noverant crediderit Adeo fortunatus ut qui illi infensi erant nobiles milites pro illius gloria suum alienum funderent sanguinem dum ille regio jungeret suum In quo consilio Sejanus periit ipse perierat nisi Soissonensem Regium principem sustulisset Tam noxiae potestatis vestigia integro saeculo Germania Hispania Italia Belgium sed maximè Gallia vix delebunt Et Civium et vicinorum miseriis voluptatem captans ut istis capillos velleret illorum viscera laniaret Nec Regis sui sacrae valetudini aliquid indulsit illam agitavit dum suam exhausit curis vario animi pathemate Illi primò divinae nemesis brachium corrupit quod contra coelum tetenderat mox abstulit usum Dextrae quae bellis ultro illatis subscripserat illud octo ante obitum mensibus computruit unde haec exaruit Quod dolendum qui Deum ita Vindicem sensit non agnovit Id ex eo conjice quod furorem in hostes privatos ardentiùs exercuit Quod imminente morte politica magis prudentia quà m Christiana pietate plus suos Regi quam se Deo Comendavit Quod paucis diebus ante vitae tragicae catastrophen excogitatam a se fabulam quam Europam triumphantem vocabat exhiberi regia magnificentia voluit non tamen spectare potuit Quod Ecclesiam afflixit Cardinalis sanguinem effudit Sacerdos nullas injurias condonavit Christianus nec Homo meminerit se esse mortalem etiam cum ebullientes e multis ulceribus vermes admonerent quam fragili faetidae corruptioni obnoxious esset Ubi omnibus viis etiam impiis per 18. annos ad privatum dispendio publici cucurrit finem ad comnunem hominum placida in speciem morte sed multis quos praemisit tardiore tandem pervenit Fato functus est Lutetiae ante 57. cum tribus mensibus Galliam Domum deserens utramque incendere velle visus est illam extorta in Regis fratrem declaratione istam ad placitum foeminae condito testamento Caeterum nec unquum dives Gallia tantum homini contulit nec alium Natura satis impatiens tam diu pertulit nec pacis amans mortuum ullum tam hilariter extulit Haec palam assero quae tu clam suspicatus es sapiens Viator si quem adhuc dubitantem invenis roga ne deceptis vel corruptis adulatoribus credat sed mihi vera ex intimis sincerisque promenti Omnes verò Mortales ut sibi persuadeant velim plus apud Deum valere justitiam vel minimam quà m potestatem maximam nec aestimandam tam latè diffusam famam sed bonam Multa turbare non esse multum agere turbata componere plus esse ne turbentur impedire plurimum esse Vulgus felicia scelera pro virtutibus ducit tu contra nihil infelicius felici scelere cogita Fraudum egregius Artifex Richelius plurimos ad momentum decepit forte seipsum in perpetuum Heu Universa quae miscuit non rediget in ordinem qui pacem quae cum illius ingenio turbulento non conveniebat etiam fortunae suae non convenire credebat Inde tot mala quae Christianum Orbem a 15. annis afflixerunt Ora ne sit Deus vindex aeternus in authorem qui magna misericordiâ multisque miserationibus in magnis multisque criminibus indigebat Tu Hospes Christiane seriò perpende quam nihil sit quicquid momento praeterit Nemo ex istis quos purpuratos vides ex hoc ipso felix est non magis quà m ex illis quibus sceptrū chlamydem in scena fabulae assignant cum praesenti populo elati incesserunt et cothurnati simul exierunt excalceantur ad staturam suam redeant Adde parvus cinis modo est qui magnus Ignis fuit teter fumus nunc est qui nuper coruscans splendor omnium oculos perstringebat Utinam non et fax illi in alio sit orbe qui in hoc Europae fuit Haec jam pacem extincto bellorum fomite sperat Hortarer te Viator ut tanto pacis etiam suae dum viveret hosti pacem precareris nisi vererer ne illi molestus esses rem quam oderat illi apprecando precare tamen quia juberis inimicos deligere si ad illum non pervenerit pax ad te revertetur sic imperat Christus in quo vive pacificus ut in Illo placide conquiescas Interim vale This Epitaphicall Invective being a kind of Character of the whole man and a Legend of his life I thought worthy of rendring into English for the concisenes and weight of the style First O Passenger I desire thee to praise Almighty God that thou mayst read this securely in France Then admire that he is coop'd up in so narrow a compasse now dead whom living the whole Earth could scarce contain when he mov'd Her he also shook the Heavens arrogating to himself this Motto Mens sydera volvit That thou mayst know what an Intelligence this was He was in point of industry sagacious but turbulent being an Enemy both to the publique peace and his own In that great wit which neverthelesse some suspected some of his Familiars observ'd a great mixture of madnes All things puzzled his mind nothing settled it He stood so long not so much by the love of his great Master but by authority being more fortunat for the successe of things then solidity of counsell unhappy onely in the wrath of God being perpetually attended with foule diseases He was subject to both Choler 's the tormenters of mans life black and yellow so the poyson which he disgorg'd for others ruine was felt by himself He was ambitious above all men covetous above most prodigall of the Kings money and sparing of his own when cross'd he was cruell and more when he intended to crosse Being enrich'd by the Queen Mothers benefits promoted by her care and made potent by her power he deprived Her both of the Kings grace of her liberty goods and of France it self and at last of life at Colen where she died an exile He spar'd
her not after death but rescinded her last will and kept her body five moneths after above ground in her chamber He violated the Kings brothers honor and sought to oppresse his Person He separated not only Mother from Son brother from brother but wife from husband He caus'd Marillac to be chop'd off by extreme wrong Monmorency by extreme right Saint Marc by right and wrong and de Thou by right or wrong Some Nobles he condemn'd to perpetuall imprisonment he banish'd more he drive most of them from Court he proscrib'd numbers lest they might crosse his Counsells mild France never saw so frequent punishments the restlesse activity or agitation of his mind his projecting and all-daring boldnes and his severe rigidity produc'd some prosperous successes by such furious endevours How easily had he fallen if amongst his forren foes he had met with some more cunning or but with one amongst his own Countrey men It much advantag'd him that any scarce knew him or that he gave credit to any that did know him He was so fortunat that those Nobles and Commanders who mislik'd him spent their own and others bloud while he joyn'd his with the Kings In the same Counsell Sejanus fell had he also fallen had he not tane away the Royall Prince Soissons The prints of so destructive a power Germany Spain the Netherlands but France principally will scarce deface in a whole Age He took pleasure in his own Countrey mens and his Neighbours miseries that he might pluck the hairs of the one and teare the entrailes of the other Neither was he tender of the Sacred health of his King which he shook while he exhausted his own by cares and various anxieties of mind The Divine vengeance first corrupted his arm which he had lifted up against heaven then he lost the use of his right hand which had subscrib'd so many bloudy warrants the one putrified in eight moneths the other dried away And which is a fearefull thing he who thus felt the revengefull hand of God did scarce acknowledge him which may be inferr'd out of this because he exercis'd his fury more eagerly upon his privat enemies And that upon the point of death by Politicall prudence rather then Christian piety he recommended his own to the King more then himself to God besides a few dayes before the catastrophe of his tragic life he would have a Play acted of his call'd Europa Triumphans in Royall magnificence though he himself could not be at it Moreover he afflicted the Church being a Cardinal he shed bloud being a Priest he never forgat injuries being a Christian he scarce thought himself mortall being a man although those foule wormes which issued out of his ulcers might have warn'd him to what a fraile and faetid corruption he was subject unto Having by all even impious means run to his own privat ends for eighteen yeers at last he came to the common end of mankind by a gentle death in shew and slower far then was wish'd He expir'd at Paris where he was born being 57. yeers and odd moneths old Now leaving France and his own House he seem'd to have a will to set both on fire the one by extorting a Declaration against the Kings brother the other by making his last Will at the will of a woman Never did plentifull France bestow upon any one so much nor being somewhat impatient by nature did she endure any one longer neither being a lover of peace did she ever cary any one to his grave more joyfully Discreet Passenger this I openly avouch which thou haply doest privatly suspect If thou meetst with any yet doubting entreat him that he give no credit to flatterers either corrupted or deceived but to me deriving truth from its true source But I would have all mortals beleeve that with God the least dram of Justice prevailes more then an Ocean of Greatnesse nor is true Fame esteem'd by the extent but by the goodnesse That to embroyle many things is not to do much 't is more to compose troubles and more then that to prevent they may not happen The Vulgar give the names of vertues to lucky villanies but be thou of another mind and think nothing more unhappy then fortunat mischiefs Richelieu the egregious Artist of fraud deceiv'd many for a time but himself haply for ever Alas what he hath shatter'd can never be put again in order who thought that Peace which was contrary to his nature was not convenient for his fortunes hence issued all those mischiefs which have afflicted the Christian world so many yeers pray that God avenge not himself on the author who wanted mercy in so many great crimes O Christian stranger do thou seriously consider what a nothing 't is what passeth away in a moment none of those whom thou beholdest purpled all over are happy in that no more then those that a stage assignes a Scepter or stately Robes unto with the spectators they likewise go out are unbuskin'd and return to their old stature Seneca Behold what a few ashes he makes who was so huge a fire he is become now a black smoak who lately like a coruscant lampe dazled all eyes God grant he be not a firebrand to himself in the other world who was such a one to poore Europe which hath hopes of Peace now that the tinder is spent I could with thee O passenger wish peace to so great an enemy of peace even to his own while he lived if I feared not that thou would'st do him an ill office to wish him that which he most detested yet pray because thou art commanded to love thine enemies if peace go not to him it will return to thee So Christ commands in whom live peacefully that thou may'st rest in him eternally In the interim farewell There is another which draws neerer to the nature of an Epitaph of as pressing and ponderous a style as this but not falling so heavily upon him Adsta Viator quò proper as Quod nusquam videbis aut audies heic legitur Armandus Iohannes de Plessis Cardinalis de Richelieu Clarus origine magnus ingenio fortuna Eminentissimus Quodque mirere Sacerdos in Castris Theologus in Aula Episcopus sine plebe Cardinalis sine titulo Rex sine nomine â—lnus tamen omnia Naturam habuit in numerato fortinâ—m in Consilio AErarium in peculio securitatem in bello victoriam sub signis Socios in praecinctu Cives in servitute Amicos in obsequio inimicos in carcere Hoc tamen uno miser quod omnes miseros fecit Tam saeculi sui tormentum quà m ornamentum Galliam subegit Italtam terruit Germaniam quassavit Afflixit HispaniaÌ„ coronavit BragantiaÌ„ cepit Lotharingiam Accepit Catalontam fovit Suecram truncavit Flandriam Turbavit Angliam lusit Europam Poeta purpuratus Cui scena Mundus gloria stiparium Regia gaza Choragium fuit Tragicus maxime quam fabulam male solvit Post Regnum Testamento suis
distribatum paupertatem populo imperatam Dissipatos Principes Nobilitatem suppliciis exhaustam Senatum authoritate spoliatum exter as gentes bello incendiis vastatos Pacem terrâ marique profligatam Cùm fatiscente corpore animum gravioribus consiliis aegrè vegetaret Et nullius non interesset ipsum aut vivere aut mori Iamque bona sui parte mortuus aliorum tantum morte viveret Derepente spirare desiit et timeri O fluxa Mortalitatis Quà m tenue momentum est inter Omnia et nihil Mortui corpus rheda extulit Sccuti Equites peditesque magno numero Faces praetulerunt Ephebi crucem nemo quia currus publicam ferebat Denique hunc tumulum implet non totum Quem tota Europa non implebat Inter Theologos situs ingens disputandi argumentum Quo migravit sacramemtum est Haec te Lector volui heic te metire Et abi Stay Passenger where hastne'st thou Here may'st Thou read what thou shalt see nor hear any where els Armand Iohn du Plessis Cardinal of Richelieu Noble by descent great in wit most eminent in fortune And what thou may'st admire A Priest in the field a Divine at Court A Bishop without Cure a Cardinal without Title a King without name Yet One who was all these He had Nature in all her numbers Fortune in his Counsels The Royall treasure in possession Security in war Victory under his banner He kept his Confoederats in compasse his Countrey men in servitude His Friends at a distance his Enemies in prison In this only wretched that he made all men so Being as well the torment as the ornament of his times He subdued France he scar'd Italy he shook the Empire He afflicted Spain he crown'd Bragantia he took Lorain He accepted of Catalonia he fomented Swethland he maim'd Flanders He troubled England he cousen'd all Europe A purpled Poet Whose stage was the world glory his curtain the Exchequer his tyring-house His subject for the most part tragicall to which he put an il Catastrophe Having turn'd the Kingdom to Legacies bequeath'd poverty to the people Dissipated the Princes exhausted the Nobility with punishments Bereft the Parlement of power destroy'd other Nations with fire and sword driven away Peace by Sea and Land His body now fainting his mind not recreable for restles thoughts when it concern'd every one that he should live or die Being already mortified a good part and living only in others death He suddenly ceas'd to breath and to be fear'd O the frayl things of mortality What a small moment is there 'twixt something and nothing The corps was caried in a Chariot horse and foot follow'd in great numbers Pages caried Torches none the Crosse for the Chariot carried the public Crosse In fine he hardly fill'd up his grave Whom all Europe could not fill He lies among the Sorbonists Of dispute a mighty argument And where he is gone 't is a Sacrament Reader this is all I would have with thee Hereby measure thy self and be gone Thus was this great man the subject of every mans censure a thing incident and inevitable to all Favorits and Minions of Princes who like wooden popagayes fastned upon high poles are marks for every one to shoot at they are expos'd to unsavory as well as to sweet breaths to rough blasts as to gentle brizes But our Cardinal had taken such deep rooting in his Masters heart that for many yeers no crosse winds though never so impetuous and violent were able to shake him Add hereunto that he strongly fortified himself by alliances and had in his hands the tenablest places of France by Sea and Land So that he seem'd to be like a tree planted upon the Mount Olympus transcending all meteorologicall impressions and those frog-vapors and malignant ayres which use to hover in the lower Regions and if there hung any his Masters countenance like the Orient Sun would presently dispell them Considering as the world knows a directing minister of State was requisit in France certainly the King could not light upon a more idoneous instrument for he was cut out for a States-man his brain was alwayes at work and his thoughts still grinding something his counsels were oracles and his desseins mysteries till put in execution and then they turn'd to exploits most commonly He was not only wise but politic Now wisdome and policy as it is taken in these times though they both agree in their ends yet they differ in the means conducing to attain their ends the first goes the plain direct high road the other useth now and then some odd by-paths Never any brought the principles of policy which are generall and confus'd to a greater certainty they are easily prescrib'd but practis'd with more difficultie then those of any other Art The Navigator directed by his Compasse is sure to come at such a height and arrive to such a Port the Mathematician can exemplifie and really demonstrate the truth of any of his principles The Architect by his Model and instruments can exactly having materials accordingly raise such an edifice The Musician scruing up his strings to such a height is sure to hit upon such a tune The Physitian knowing the vertue and operation of his drugs is sure they will restringe or purge open or obstruct It is not so with the Polititian who though he adapt and apply his principles never so dextrously yet he cannot assure himselfe of the effects which must be imputed to the world of contingencies obstacles and inexpected accidents which use to attend the negotiations of men specially matters of State and War yet this great Minister brought them to as much certitude as could be In so much that before the breach with Spain he was us'd to say that the Almightie and irresistible hand of heaven was only able to ranverse his desseins not any humane power And it prov'd true for the Austrian tree which was the ayme of all his policies was never so shaken nor France never so secur'd so that take the Theoric and Practic part of policy together Olivares Oxenstern his contemporaries yea Machiavil himself taking him in the best sense had he bin living might have bin his apprentices And it was the more easie for him to bring such things to passe in regard that he had the power of disposing all things entire and so concentred in himself that he met with no opposition with no crosse counsels or contestation for the King had resign'd not only his power but his judgement and all the faculties of his soul unto him alone nor would he listen to any advis'd him otherwise which was no small advantage to the cariage of things for though in the multitude of Counsellors there be safety yet in the conduct of State affaires specially Martiall wherein secrecy and speed are so essentially requisit that they may be said to be the two poles whereon they move I say in the tracing and managery of such actions where oft-times
quòd ita Regi Regnóque servierit Ut utrumque servaret Tandem profligato Germano caeso Hispano Pacato Regno Séque ipso omnibus majore victo Spretis umbratilibus terrae triumphis Immarcescibilem a Deo Coronam recepturus excessit Incertum relinquens An vixerit et rexerit feliciùs an obierit sanctiùs Ab Invidia planctum extorsit Et quo praesentem exercuerat absentem luxit Nec poterat ultra progredi summum attigerat Exuvias mortis Sorbonae dedit quo vivo Sorbona fuerat animata In Sorbona quam dilexit tumulum elegit Et in sinu ejus jacere voluit Quam jacentem invenit et erexit Etiam Sorbonae Genium si jacuisset solus erecturus Debilitatis undique Hostibus Soli Morti cessit Mortis Victor suique superstes Dum in omnium ore animoque vivit Ora et Vale. Obiit iv Decem. 1642. aetat 57. 3. mens The Monument of the most eminent Cardinal Duke of Richelieu Stay Passenger Armand Iohn du Plessis Cardinal Duke of Richelieu hath deposited here whatsoever he had of mortalitie Stay if thou art French at his ashes by whose Counsels France stood Stay if thou art a Confederat at the Cardinals tombe on whom as upon a hinge all Europe mov'd Stay if thou art an Enemy at the trophey of the Duke of Richelieu at whose beck the Ocean stood Read on His first good was to have a being his next to have a well-being As he was adorn'd with Ancestors so he was an ornament unto them for his knowledge and actions the one came from heaven the other tended towards heaven He was promoted to be Secretary of State who was afterwards to rule the State He was assistant to the Queen Mother who was to be the Kingdoms Father The King being willing and his worth enforcing Rome so granted him the purple that it might be doubted whether he gave or received more Eminence unto it His vertue made him most eminent before Rome At the brightnesse of his purple the Eagle quak'd the Lion roar'd the Rose grew pale nor could He avoyd the purple which had he not worn as ensignes of Martyrs yet he might carry them died in the bloud of enemies He withdrew himself from the Queen mother when she would be more Queen then Mother A lover of public Peace not of fortune Hated he was because he could not be lov'd enough He fluctuated neither at Court nor in the Ocean floods He stood immoveable at whose nod the Rocks stirr'd and under him the conspiration of Rebels being quash'd Religion began to respire every where which without him was ready to expire he overcame his own foes when he listed the Kings alwaies He was so vacant to himself as if he intended nothing else so intent to others as he seem'd to neglect himself being the wonder of his age he did miracles happy he was that he pleas'd a just King and happier that he so serv'd the King and Kingdom that he preserv'd both At last the German routed the Spaniard slain the Kingdom quieted and having orecome himself the greatest of all contemning the shadowy triumphs of the earth being to receive an immarcescible crown of God he expir'd leaving it incertain whether he liv'd and rul'd more happily or died more piously He wrung teares from Envie herself who poursuing him living condol'd him dead He could go no further he had attain'd the highest The spoiles of death he gave to Sorbon who living animated Sorbon In Sorbon whom he lov'd he desir'd to lye and to rest in her bosom whom finding tottering he took up nay he only could have reviv'd the Genius of Sorbon had it been like to faint The foe enfeebled every where he only yeelded to death being deaths Conqueror and Survivour of himself while he lives in the mouths and minds of all men Pray and farewell He died 4th of December 1642. the 57. yeer and 3th moneth of his Age. This Epitaph gives a full compensation for the tartnes of the two former which were inserted expresly thereby to enfranchise the judgement of the Reader to discover the impartiality of the story and make truth more perspicuous for it is a good rule in Logic that Contraria juxta se posita magis elucescunt the confrontation of contraries makes things appear more clearly I know there is a saying in French that vent coulis a cranny wind is more hurtfull then an open such are reproaches 'twixt prayses But let not the Authour of this story be mistaken that he intended to derogat but only for the ends above mentioned from the merit of so brave a man whom his very enemies admir'd for his fagacity and cloquence for his admirable forecast and penetrating judgement for the vivacity of his spirit and quicknes of apprehension for his affiduity and indefatigable vigilance for his excellent addresse and sinewy expressions and dextrous way of dispatch for his rare policy and prudentiall parts and lastly for the stupendous succes of his counsels These atributes as it is no flattery to give him so it were injury to deny him By these he made France formidable to the world he made his Master Arbiter of his own interests an Avenger of all affronts and supporter of his Confederats by these he got him three keyes of invaluable advantage Brisack Pignerol and Perpignan the first to enter Germany the second Italy the third Spain at pleasure By these he made him the most absolute and independent Monark that ever raign'd in that Kingdom and freed him from all fears to receive the law from his subjects ever hereafter But by ascribing so much to the Minister let us not derogat from the Master who was as active in his way and concurr'd to achieve all these things We have an axiom in Philosophy that Sol et Homo generant Hominem The Sun and man beget man the one by his Universall influx being the fountain of heat the other by Naturall organs So we may say the King and Cardinal produc'd all these actions the one by the influence of his high power and Regall authoritie the other by his instrumentall activity The Cardinal de Richelieu's Armes were three Chevrons in a field argent 2 plain and simple coat therefore the more ancient which Armes with his Purple Hat which supported that great Crown and made the Lillies flourish and swell so many yeers we will lay upon his Tomb with this Distic for a finall farewell Aurea purpureo turgebant sceptra galero Crescebant triplici Lilia fulta Trabe And now 't is high time for us to put a period to the whole work both to the History of this mighty Monark as also to that of his great Minister And though their memory be not like the Rose and other fading flowers which smell sweeter after they are pluck'd yet the report of them shall ring in France as long as the rayes of the Sun shall reverberat upon that faire Continent and albeit Ghirlands of Olive be improper
daughter of France for the King of Spain 31 H Lord Hayes after Earl of Carlile Ambassador in Paris 34 The Duke of Halluin beats Serbellon and the Spaniards before Leucato 115 The Pr of Harcour relieves Casal appears before Turin takes it 129 The Hard fortune of Kings daughters 32 Henry the Great slain 3 His treasure his army his burial 4 Henry the third buried 22. yeers after his death 8 M. Hicks now Sir Ellis Hicks the good service he did at Montauban 58 Hesdin taken by the French 126 Twenty Holland men of War come according to article to serve the French King 68 The Lady Henrietta Maria married to the King of Great Britain 66 Humbert Duke of Viennois upon what termes he bequeath'd Dauphiné to Philip of Valois I King Jame's Letter to the French King 63 His passionate speech to his Counsell his complement to her Majesty now Queen 66 The Jacobins hold that in no case the Counsel is above the Pope the question solemnly debated in Paris 12 Inventions to torment Ravaillac 7 The Iesuits have the heart of Henry the Great 8 Jesuits not permitted to open their Colledge in Paris 11 The Imperialists and Spaniards overrun Picardy and Burgundy 113 Insurrection in Diion suppress'd 93 Insurrection in Normandy 126 John Duke of Bragansa made King of Portugal 130 His Letter to the K. of Spain 131 Saint John de Luz taken by the Spaniard 114 The Isles of Saint Margarita and Saint Honorat taken by the Spaniard 112 Repris'd by the French 115 Italian predictions of Henry the Greats death 4 K Kings presence oft-times advantagious 20 Kings of France majors when as high as a sword 21 New Knights of the Holy Spirit 46 L Landrecy taken by the Duke de la Valette 115 Letter of the King of Spain to the Duke of Bragansa 130 Letter of King James to the French King 63 Letter from Richelieu to the Q. Mother 160 Letters interchangeable 'twixt Buckingham and Toiras 83 Letter from Condé to the Queen Mother 18 Letter from the Queen Mother to Condé 19 Letter from the Queen at her first arrivall in France to the King 31 Letters from the King to Monsieur 104 Letters from the King to the Duke of Halluin 116 Letters from the King to Condé 47 Letters to Toiras against the English 82 The Duke of Lerma marrieth the Infanta for the King of France 31 Lewis the Thirteenth his inclination and sports when young 3 His minority 5 His solemn coronation 10 His majority declar'd by Parlement 21 His gracious declaration to the Princes 35 His speech to his Mother after d' Ancres death 39 He beds with the Queen 43 A clash 'twixt him and the Parlement at Paris 47 His exploits in Bearn 50 His Protest to the Assembly of Notables 75 His answer to the Rochelers when they yeelded 86 He crosseth the Alps in Winter 87 Hath a shrewd fit of sicknes 96 His harsh answer to them of the Religion 62 His harsh Declaration against his Mother 99 His Declaration against Spain 100 His speech to the Palsgrave 127 His speech to the D. of Lorain 132 reduc'd to a great straight 32 He protects the Catalan 134 His death with the circumstances thereof 135 Examples of his piety 139 Divers speeches of his 139 His chastity and constancy 140 His exploits run over 142 Did greater things then Henry the Great 143 Divers things objected against him 141 Duke of Longuevill in arms 18 L'esdiguiers made Constable 59 Luynes put first to the King 3 Incenses the K. against d'Ancre 38 Hath Ancres estate given him and made Constable 52 A clash twixt him and Sir Ed. Herbert then Lo Ambassadour now Baron of Cherbery 55 A Dialogue between them 55 How worthily the English Ambassador compos'd himself 56 Luynes dieth of the Plague in the Army 58 His Legend 59 Duke of Lorain meets the King at Metz. 101 Duke of Lorain waves the performance of homage for the Duchy of Bar. 106 His complement to the King 106 He comes to Paris 132 Monsieur de Lien Cour Governor of Paris 29 M Marie de Medici declar'd Queen Regent by Parlement 5 Her speech upon the resignation of the Government 22 Her discours with Marossan about her escape 45 The first war with her son 44 The second war with her son 48 The beginning of her aversenes to the Cardinal 96 The causes of it 98 Her complaint against him 99 She returns to Flanders in discontent 99 Thence to Holland and so to England then to Colen where she died 133 Her high qualities 134 Mariana's opinion touching Kings protested against in Paris 9 Q. Margaret de Valois dieth her Character 26 Moderation the true rule of wisdom 13 Mazarini makes a peace in Italy 96 Monsieur maried to the Duke of Monpensiers daughter 72 His complement to her 73 He falls in love with the Duke of Montava's daughter and being cross'd flies to Lorain 92 Flies again to Lorain 103 He entreth France with an Army of strangers 103 His high propositions to his brother 104 Flies the third time to Lorain 105 Marieth the Lady Margaret the Duke of Lorains sister goes then to Flanders whence at the Infante Cardinals approach he steales away to France 106 Duke of Monmorency joyn's with Monsieur is defeated by Schomberg 104 Is beheaded at Tholouze 105 Morocco Ambassador in Paris his credential Letter 102 Montauban the last Town of them of the Religion which submitted 91 Monpellier capitulats by the Duke of Rohans advice 60 Morgard the Astrologer made Gallislave 14 N Nancy given up to the French 106 The Nature of the Spaniard in adversity 131 The Nonage of Lewis the Thirteenth 5 The Nonage of Lewis the Fourteenth now King 135 O The Oath the Queen of Englands French servants were to take 65 Open hostility 'twixt France and Spain pronounc'd by Herauld 111 Saint Omer besieged by the French who were forc'd to retire 123 Octavio Lassani an Astrologer his prediction of the Duke of Savoy's death 94 Obelisks and triumphant Arches in Rome in joy of the Dauphins Nativity 125 Oxenstern Ambassador in France 112 The Outrages the French committed at Tillemont 112 P Paris in great fear 114 Parlement of England superiour to the Assembly of the three Estates of France in numbers and state 23 Perrons prudent cariage in the great Assembly 24 Pensions of the Crown of France 27 Pasquills upon the Gates of the Louur 40 Pasquill upon the Cardinals gates 168 Pasquill in Rome of the King and the Cardinal 168 The old Parlement of France turn'd now to an Assembly of Notables 74 Peace renew'd by the intervention of the Venetian and proclaim'd at Privas 'twixt England and France 88 Pignerol taken by the Cardinal 94 Pignerol sold to the French King 97 The Parlement of Paris suspends the verification of the Kings Declaration against Monsieur and is sharply rebuk'd 98 The Palsgrave prisoner in France releas'd and the Kings speech unto him 127 Philipsburg taken by the Spaniard 108
Power of vertue in the Proem The Pope refuseth to excommunicat the new King of Portugall 133 Perpignan taken by the French 134 Pope Julius the second 's answer to justifie Churchmens taking up armes in the Proem Profane hyperbole's written of the Cardinal in the Proem Prophetic complement 'twixt Barberino the Pope's Nuncio and the Quene Mother 8 Presents given to the D. of Mayn in Spain being Ambassador 14 Predictions of Henry the Great 's death 4 Predictions of the Duke of Savoyes death 94 Princes daughters subject to a hard fate oft-times 32 The presence of Kings advantagious 20 Popes Generalls 8 Propositions in the Generall Assembly 41 Q Queen Mother of France dieth at Colen 133 A new Queen Regent of France 135 Queen of England receives English prisoners as presents from France 84 R Ravaillaks odd humors 4 Examined 7 His confession death and admired patience 8 Reasons why France broak with Spain in the Proem Reason of the Queen Mothers discontentment ibid. Reason of slownes of speech in Lewes the thirteenth 2 Of the Reformists of France 6 Richer the Syndic of Sorbon opposeth the Popes power 12 The Reformists get advantagious conditions at the Treaty of Lodun 33 A Repartie 'twixt the Spanish and French Ambassadors at Rome upon the Dauphins birth 1 The Reformists outrag'd and some kill'd coming from Charenton 57 The Reformists generally rise up 59 The Reformists generally submit 91 The Rochelers high comportmēt 52 Rochell pitifully complains to the King 69 Rochell besieged by the King in Person 85 Rochell submits her extremities 86 The Duke of Rohan hath privat intelligence with Spain his Agent taken and executed 69 He himself executed in Effigie in Tholouze 86 He was pensioner to the King of Spain and treats with him upon articles 87 His notable speeche to them of the Religion for peace 89 He is wounded before Rhinfeld whereof he dies and is buried at Geneva 118 Certain Rodomontados of the Spaniards 115 Stupendous Rain in Languedoc 105 S Santarellus Book burnt in Paris for hoising the Pope above the King 74 Count of Soissons kill'd neer Sedan 133 Difference 'twixt him and the Cardinal ibid. M. Soubize summond at Saint John d'Angely taken prisoner and releas'd 53 Puts himself in armes again and flies from Royan 59 He takes Blaret Ré and Oleron and hath 70. Sayles of Ships 67 Is beaten at Medoc 67 Flies to England and incites that King to war against France 68 Soubize pensioner to the King of Spain 88 The Spaniards bold speech to the Pope about the Valtoline 70 The Duke of Suillie's blunt answer to Hen. the Fourth about Religion 57 Stuard and Hurtevant executed 38 T Title of the Prince of Wales more ancient then Dauphin 2 The Treaty of Saint Menehou 19 Treaty of Querasque 97 Treaty of Lodun dishonorable to the King 33 Treaty of Monson 71 Trade interdicted 'twixt England and France 76 Tillemont and Diest taken by the French and Hollanders 111 A Trophey erected upon the Alps in honour of King Lewis 87 Pr Tomaso defeated at Avein by Chastillon 111 Prince Tomaso relieves Saint Omer 123 M. de Thermes with divers persons of quality kill'd before Clayrac 56 Trent Counsel refus'd to be publish'd in France and the reasons why 24 V The D. of Vendom apprehended in the Louure got away by a wile 18 His Letters refus'd to be answer'd by the Queen Regent 19 He refuseth to deliver up Blavet 20 Leavies men for the King and then turns them against him 29 D. de la Valette's brave speech before Fontarabia he flies to England is executed in Effigie in Paris 122 W Wars of Iuillers 10 War against the Reformists 51 War in the Valtolin 70 The last War against the Reformists 88 Wallesteins death much lamented by Richelieu A Armand Cardinal of Richelieu his breeding 155 His genealogy 166 His degree of rising 167 He crosseth the Alps in quality of Generalissimo 168 Divers attempts to kill him 169 His death 169 His testament 160 His titles ibid. His Character ibid. Censures upon him 166 Epitaphs good and bad upon him 178 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Junii 3. 1646. Imprimatur NA BRENT fourth Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1610. Anno 1611. Anno 1611. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1612. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1613. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1614. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1615. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1616. Anno 1617. Anno 1617. Anno 1617. Anno 1618. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1619. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1620. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1621. Anno 1622. Anno 1623. Anno 1624. Anno 1624. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1625. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1626. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1627. Anno 1628. Anno 1628. Anno 1628. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1629. Anno 1630. Anno 1630. Anno 1630. Anno 1631. Anno 1631. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1631. Anno 1631. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1632. Anno 1633. Anno 1633. Anno 1634. Anno 1634. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1635. Anno 1636. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1637. Anno 1638. Anno 1638. Anno 1639. Anno 1639. Anno 1640. Anno 1640. Anno 1641. Anno 1640. Anno 1641. Anno 1642. Anno 1642. Anno 1643. Rochel