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his_o keep_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o future_a loyalty_n to_o hâm_n who_o the_o king_n immediate_o send_v into_o normandy_n to_o be_v keep_v there_o a_o concord_n and_o peace_n be_v thus_o make_v and_o ratify_v the_o king_n and_o nobles_n omni_fw-la populo_fw-la bonas_fw-la leges_fw-la &_o rectam_fw-la justitiam_fw-la promiserunt_fw-la 2_o promise_v good_a law_n and_o râght_a justicâ_n to_o all_o the_o people_n then_o they_o banish_v robert_n archbishop_n o_o canterbury_n willâam_n bâshop_n of_o london_n vlfe_a bishop_n of_o dorchester_n and_o all_o the_o other_o norman_n who_o incense_v and_o give_v the_o king_n evil_a counsel_n against_o earl_n godwin_n and_o the_o english_a and_o have_v invent_v unjust_a law_n and_o pronounce_v unjust_a judgement_n against_o they_o permit_v only_o some_o few_o norman_n nominate_v in_o our_o histoâians_n who_o the_o king_n love_v more_o than_o the_o rest_n and_o who_o have_v be_v faithful_a to_o he_o and_o all_o the_o people_n to_o remain_v in_o 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in_o this_o age_n a_o mere_a
cheat_a imposture_n of_o late_a day_n as_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v 6._o that_o all_o delinquent_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o just_o or_o unjust_o accuse_v aught_o to_o appear_v and_o justify_v themselves_o before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o noble_n in_o their_o parliamentary_a counsel_n without_o arm_a guard_n force_n tergiversation_n or_o resistance_n upon_o due_a summons_n to_o appear_v before_o they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o that_o time_n 7._o that_o king_n and_o great_a man_n come_v to_o parliamentary_a counsel_n with_o army_n strong_a arm_a guard_n and_o hold_v they_o with_o power_n or_o under_o army_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o their_o liberty_n &_o privilege_n and_o be_v a_o occasion_n of_o civil_a war_n disturbance_n much_o mischief_n to_o the_o nation_n as_o than_o they_o prove_v 8._o that_o english_a peer_n then_o be_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v try_v banish_a judge_v by_o their_o peer_n both_o in_o parliamentary_a counsel_n and_o other_o court_n 9_o that_o no_o english_a peer_n 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man_n who_o be_v most_o cordial_a and_o active_a to_o defend_v their_o just_a liberty_n law_n right_n against_o foreiner_n and_o other_o who_o invade_v they_o soon_o after_o the_o forementioned_a agreement_n between_o the_o king_n and_o godwin_n 441._o king_n edward_n according_a to_o his_o forementioned_a promise_n to_o make_v good_a law_n for_o all_o his_o people_n out_o of_o all_o the_o former_a british_a and_o saxon_a law_n by_o order_n of_o his_o wiseman_n compile_v a_o universal_a common_a law_n for_o all_o the_o people_n throughout_o the_o whole_a realm_n which_o be_v call_v king_n edward_n law_n be_v so_o just_a and_o equal_a and_o so_o secure_v the_o profit_n and_o wealth_n of_o all_o estate_n that_o the_o people_n long_o after_o as_o mr_n fox_n and_o other_o record_v do_v rebel_n against_o their_o lord_n and_o ruler_n to_o have_v the_o same_o law_n again_o when_o suspend_v or_o take_v from_o they_o or_o dis-used_n and_o prescribe_v this_o oath_n to_o 441._o william_n the_o conqueror_n himself_o and_o every_o of_o our_o king_n since_o to_o be_v solemn_o take_v at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o coronation_n for_o the_o further_a ratificationâ_n and_o better_a inviolable_a observation_n of_o these_o law_n and_o perpetuate_a they_o to_o all_o posterity_n 714._o sir_n will_v you_o grant_v and_o keep_v and_o by_o your_o oath_n confirm_v to_o the_o people_n of_o england_n the_o law_n and_o custom_n grant_v to_o they_o by_o ancient_a king_n of_o england_n rightful_a man_n and_o devout_a towards_o god_n &_o namely_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o franchise_n grant_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o to_o the_o peopie_n by_o the_o glorious_a king_n edwardââ_n to_o your_o power_n to_o which_o the_o king_n must_v answer_v i_o will_v do_v it_o before_o he_o be_v anoint_v or_o crown_v king_n now_o because_o these_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n make_v by_o his_o wiseman_n counsel_n and_o advice_n as_o this_o clause_n 607._o sapientes_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la super_fw-la hos_fw-la habere_fw-la consilium_fw-la et_fw-la constituerunt_fw-la in_o the_o chapter_n de_fw-fr illis_fw-la qui_fw-la have_v leges_fw-la despexerent_fw-la imply_v be_v so_o famous_a and_o fundamental_a most_o of_o our_o common_a old_a law_n be_v found_v on_o or_o result_v from_o they_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o this_o brief_a account_n of_o they_o out_o of_o our_o historian_n as_o most_o pertinent_a to_o my_o subject_a matter_n and_o useful_a for_o those_o of_o my_o profession_n to_o be_v inform_v of_o be_v general_o not_o so_o well_o verse_v in_o antiquity_n history_n and_o record_n as_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v for_o the_o honour_n and_o lustre_n of_o their_o honourable_a public_a calling_n pretermit_v the_o gross_a forgery_n and_o imposture_n of_o modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la so_o much_o cry_v up_o by_o 340_o sir_n edward_n cook_n for_o its_o antiquity_n and_o authority_n as_o make_v and_o observe_v in_o edward_n the_o confessor_n reign_v when_o as_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a counterfeit_a treatise_n and_o spurious_a antiquity_n scarce_o ancient_a than_o king_n richard_n the_o 2._o as_o i_o have_v prove_v in_o my_o leveller_n level_v and_o mr._n selden_n manifest_v in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n pars_fw-la 2._o p._n 713_o 738_o to_o 745_o yea_o it_o be_v own_o mention_v the_o bishop_n of_o carlisle_n which_o bishopric_n be_v not_o erect_v till_o the_o 400._o year_n 1132_o or_o 1134._o the_o mayor_n of_o london_n which_o have_v no_o london_n mayor_n till_o the_o year_n 1208_o and_o of_o other_o city_n with_o knight_n and_o burgess_n usual_a wage_n all_o institute_v long_o after_o the_o conqueror_n reign_v the_o not_o mention_v of_o this_o modus_fw-la in_o any_o of_o our_o record_n history_n or_o judicious_a antiquary_n and_o its_o difference_n from_o all_o the_o mode_n and_o form_n of_o parliament_n and_o great_a council_n of_o that_o or_o late_a age_n hold_v in_o england_n or_o âreland_n with_o the_o many_o falsehood_n and_o absurdity_n in_o it_o will_v sufficient_o evidence_n it_o to_o every_o intelligent_a peruser_n to_o be_v a_o late_a bastard_n treatise_n and_o no_o such_o ancient_a record_n as_o sir_n edward_n cook_n most_o confident_o averr_v it_o upon_o groundless_a reason_n and_o bold_a false_a averment_n void_a of_o truth_n which_o modus_fw-la if_o real_o make_v and_o observe_v in_o his_o reign_n and_o after_o age_n no_o doubt_n our_o hisâorians_n will_v have_v mention_v it_o as_o well_o as_o his_o law_n of_o which_o they_o give_v we_o this_o follow_a account_n 15._o henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n record_n that_o king_n edward_n after_o his_o coronation_n consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la et_fw-la caeterorum_fw-la regni_fw-la 6._o receive_v establish_a and_o confirm_v the_o good_a law_n which_o for_o 68_o year_n lay_v as_o it_o be_v asleep_a among_o the_o sleeper_n and_o bury_v in_o oblivion_n these_o law_n be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o st._n edward_n not_o because_o he_o have_v first_o invent_v they_o but_o because_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v put_v under_o a_o bushel_n and_o lay_v in_o oblivion_n from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o grandfather_n king_n edgar_n he_o put_v to_o his_o hand_n first_o to_o find_v they_o out_o and_o then_o âo_o establish_v they_o 569â_n wâl_n of_o malmesbury_n thus_o write_v of_o these_o law_n omnes_fw-la leges_fw-la ab_fw-la antiquis_fw-la regibus_fw-la &_o maximâ_n ab_fw-la antecessore_fw-la svo_fw-la ethelredâ_n latas_fw-la sub_fw-la interminatione_fw-la regiae_n mulctae_fw-la perpetuis_fw-la temporibus_fw-la observari_fw-la praecepit_fw-la in_fw-la quarum_fw-la custodia_fw-la etiam_fw-la nunc_fw-la tempore_fw-la bonorum_fw-la sub_fw-la nomine_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la juratur_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la statuerit_fw-la sed_fw-la observaverit_fw-la the_o author_n of_o the_o ancient_a manuscript_n chronicle_n of_o litchfield_n and_o 171._o mr._n selden_n out_o of_o he_o together_o with_o 608._o roger_n hoveden_n and_o 720._o bishop_n usher_n inform_v we_o concern_v these_o law_n exit_fw-la illo_fw-la die_fw-la magna_fw-la autoritate_fw-la veneratae_fw-la et_fw-la per_fw-la universum_fw-la regnum_fw-la
and_o franchise_n grant_v by_o the_o glorious_a king_n edward_n 3._o that_o they_o knyghton_n prescribe_v the_o due_a payment_n of_o tithe_n to_o god_n and_o his_o minister_n as_o well_o personal_a as_o praedial_a under_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a penalty_n be_v grant_v and_o consent_v unto_o a_o rege_fw-la et_fw-la baronibus_fw-la et_fw-la populo_fw-la 4._o that_o the_o knyghton_n cause_n and_o plea_n of_o the_o church_n ought_v first_o to_o be_v hear_v &_o end_v in_o court_n and_o council_n before_o any_o other_o knyghton_n justitia_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la deus_fw-la ubique_fw-la prae_fw-la caeteris_fw-la honoretur_fw-la 5._o that_o they_o thus_o define_v danegild_n 9_o danegaldi_n redditio_fw-la propter_fw-la piratas_fw-la primitus_fw-la statuta_fw-la est_fw-la patriam_fw-la enim_fw-la infestantes_fw-la vastationi_fw-la ejus_fw-la pro_fw-la posse_fw-la svo_fw-la insistebant_fw-la ad_fw-la eorum_fw-la quidem_fw-la insolentiam_fw-la reprimendam_fw-la statutum_n est_fw-la danegaldum_fw-la annuatim_fw-la reddi_fw-la scilicet_fw-la duodecim_fw-la denarios_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_n totius_fw-la patriae_fw-la ad_fw-la conducendos_fw-la eos_fw-la qui_fw-la piratarum_fw-la eruptioni_fw-la resistendo_fw-la obviarent_fw-la to_o which_o hoveden_n knyghton_n lambard_n and_o other_o subjoin_v de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la quoque_fw-la danegaldo_n omnis_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la libera_fw-la est_fw-la &_o quieta_fw-la &_o omnis_fw-la terra_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o proprio_fw-la dominico_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la erat_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la jacebat_fw-la nihil_fw-la prorsus_fw-la in_o tali_fw-la redemptione_n persolvens_fw-la quia_fw-la magis_fw-la in_o ecclesiae_fw-la confidebant_fw-la orationibus_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o armorum_fw-la defensionibus_fw-la usque_fw-la tempora_fw-la willielmi_n junioris_fw-la qui_fw-la ruffus_n vocabatur_fw-la donec_fw-la eodem_fw-la a_o baronibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la auxilium_fw-la requirente_fw-la ad_fw-la normanniam_fw-la requirendam_fw-la &_o retinendam_fw-la de_fw-fr roberto_n svo_fw-la fratre_fw-la cognomine_fw-la cortehose_fw-mi jerusalem_fw-la proficiscente_fw-la concessum_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la non_fw-la lege_fw-la sancitum_fw-la neque_fw-la confirmatum_fw-la sed_fw-la hac_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la causa_fw-la ex_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_fw-la sibi_fw-la dari_fw-la quatuor_fw-la solidos_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la non_fw-la excepta_fw-la dum_fw-la vero_fw-la collectio_fw-la census_fw-la fieret_fw-la proclamabat_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la svam_fw-la reposcens_fw-la libertatem_fw-la sed_fw-la nil_fw-la profecit_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a 1._o that_o this_o grievous_a tax_n of_o danegeld_n be_v first_o grant_v and_o appoint_v by_o a_o public_a law_n in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n to_o hire_v man_n to_o resist_v the_o eruption_n of_o the_o pirate_n and_o enemy_n that_o it_o amount_v but_o to_o 12_o d._n a_o year_n upon_o every_o ploughland_n that_o the_o church_n and_o demesne_n land_n of_o the_o church_n where_o ever_o they_o lay_v be_v exempt_v from_o it_o till_o william_n rufus_n his_o time_n who_o first_o exact_v it_o from_o the_o clergy_n upon_o a_o pretend_a necessity_n and_o raiâed_v it_o from_o 12_o d._n to_o 4_o s._n a_o ploughland_n by_o grant_n of_o the_o baron_n without_o any_o law_n to_o enact_v or_o confirm_v it_o for_o fear_v of_o draw_v it_o into_o consequence_n 6_o that_o these_o law_n thus_o describe_v the_o duty_n and_o office_n of_o a_o king_n lambard_n the_o king_n because_o he_o be_v the_o vicar_n of_o the_o high_a king_n be_v constitute_v for_o this_o end_n that_o he_o may_v rule_v the_o earthly_a kingdom_n and_o the_o lord_n people_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n that_o he_o may_v reverence_v his_o holy_a church_n and_o defend_v it_o from_o injury_n pluck_v away_o evil_a doer_n from_o it_o and_o utter_o to_o destroy_v and_o disperse_v they_o which_o unless_o he_o shall_v do_v the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n agree_v not_o unto_o he_o the_o prophet_n pope_n john_n witness_v nomen_fw-la regis_fw-la perdit_fw-la qui_fw-la quod_fw-la regis_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la faciat_fw-la he_o lose_v the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n who_o discharge_v not_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o king_n pepin_n and_o charles_n his_o son_n be_v not_o yet_o king_n but_o prince_n under_o the_o french_a king_n hear_v this_o definitive_a sentence_n as_o well_o true_o as_o prudent_o pronounce_v concern_v the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n by_o william_n the_o bastard_n king_n of_o england_n foolish_o write_v to_o pope_n john_n demand_v this_o question_n of_o he_o whether_o the_o king_n of_o france_n ought_v so_o to_o continue_v be_v content_a only_o with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n who_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o call_v they_o king_n who_o do_v watch_v over_o defend_v and_o govern_v the_o church_n of_o god_n and_o his_o people_n imitate_v king_n david_n the_o psalmograph_n say_v he_o shall_v not_o dwell_v in_o my_o house_n which_o work_v pride_n etc._n etc._n after_o which_o it_o follow_v in_o 214._o mr._n fox_n and_o some_o other_o but_o not_o in_o hoveden_n and_o knyghtonâ_n â_z moreover_o the_o king_n by_o his_o right_n and_o by_o his_o office_n aught_o to_o defend_v and_o conserve_v full_o and_o whole_o in_o all_o ampleness_n without_o diminution_n 10._o all_o the_o land_n honour_n dignity_n right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o further_o to_o reduce_v into_o their_o pristine_a state_n all_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v be_v disperse_v waste_a and_o lose_v which_o appertain_v to_o his_o kingdom_n also_o the_o whole_a and_o universal_a land_n with_o all_o land_n about_o the_o same_o in_o norwey_n and_o denmark_n be_v appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o be_v of_o the_o appurtenance_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o king_n make_v one_o monarchy_n and_o one_o kingdom_n which_o sometime_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o britain_n and_o now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n such_o bound_n and_o limit_n as_o be_v abovesaid_a be_v appoint_v and_o limit_v to_o the_o name_n of_o this_o kingdom_n a_o king_n abouâ_o all_o thing_n aught_o to_o fear_n god_n to_o âove_v and_o observe_v his_o commandment_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v through_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n he_o ought_v also_o to_o keep_v cherish_v maintain_v and_o govern_v the_o holy_a church_n within_o his_o kingdom_n with_o all_o integrity_n and_o liberty_n according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o predecessor_n and_o to_o defend_v the_o same_o against_o all_o enemy_n so_o that_o god_n above_o all_o thing_n be_v honour_v and_o ever_o before_o his_o eye_n â_o he_o ought_v also_o to_o set_v up_o good_a law_n and_o custom_n such_o as_o be_v wholesome_a and_o approve_a such_o as_o be_v otherwise_o to_o repeal_v they_o and_o thrust_v they_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n item_n he_o ought_v to_o do_v judgement_n and_o justice_n in_o his_o kingdom_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o his_o realm_n all_o these_o thing_n ought_v a_o king_n in_o his_o own_o person_n to_o do_v take_v his_o oath_n upon_o the_o evangelist_n swear_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o well_o of_o the_o temporalty_n ãâã_d of_o the_o spiritualty_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishopâ_n three_o servant_n the_o king_n ought_v to_o hauâ_n under_o his_o foot_n as_o vassal_n fleshly_a lust_n avarice_n and_o greedy_a desire_n who_o if_o he_o keep_v under_o as_o his_o servant_n and_o slave_n he_o shall_v reign_v well_o and_o honourable_o in_o his_o kingdom_n all_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v do_v with_o good_a advisement_n and_o premeditation_n and_o that_o proper_o belong_v to_o a_o king_n for_o hasty_a rashness_n bring_v all_o thing_n to_o ruin_n according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o the_o gospel_n every_o kingdom_n divide_v in_o itself_o shall_v be_v desolate_a etc._n etc._n a_o clear_a evidence_n that_o our_o saxon_a king_n have_v no_o arbitrary_a nor_o tyrannical_a power_n to_o condemn_v banish_v imprison_v oppress_v or_o tax_v their_o subject_n in_o any_o kind_n against_o their_o law_n liberty_n property_n and_o thus_o much_o touch_v king_n edward_n law_n qui_fw-la ob_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la integritatem_fw-la regnandi_fw-la justitiam_fw-la &_o clementiam_fw-la legumque_fw-la sive_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la latarum_fw-la sive_fw-la ex_fw-la veteribus_fw-la sumptarum_fw-la &_o equitatem_fw-la inter_fw-la sanctos_fw-la relatus_fw-la est_fw-la as_o 88_o matthew_n parker_n record_v of_o he_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1053._o as_o many_o or_o 1054._o as_o other_o compute_v it_o that_o old_a perjure_a traitor_n earl_n godwin_n come_v to_o a_o most_o soddein_a shameful_a exemplary_a death_n by_o divine_a justice_n which_o the_o 213._o marginal_a historian_n thus_o relate_v 1053._o and_o abbot_n ailred_n thus_o preface_v inserendum_fw-la arbitror_fw-la quâmodo_fw-la godwinum_fw-la proditionum_fw-la suarum_fw-la donatum_fw-la stipendiis_fw-la divini_fw-la judicii_fw-la ultrix_fw-la ira_fw-la consumpserit_fw-la detestandique_fw-la facinoris_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la fratremque_fw-la ejus_fw-la commiserat_fw-la populo_fw-la spectante_fw-la ipsam_fw-la quam_fw-la meruerat_fw-la poenam_fw-la exolverat_fw-la this_o godwin_n be_v the_o king_n father-in-law_n abuse_v his_o simplicity_n multa_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la contra_fw-la jus_o et_fw-la fas_fw-la pro_fw-la potestate_fw-la faciebat_fw-la do_v many_o thing_n in_o the_o
in_o the_o world_n who_o public_o embrace_v profess_a countenance_v propagate_v the_o faith_n and_o gospel_n of_o jesus_n christ_n and_o abolish_v pagan_a idolatry_n in_o their_o dominion_n and_o of_o late_a time_n as_o our_o english_a realm_n bring_v forth_o sacrament_n king_n henry_n the_o 8_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o the_o world_n who_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n abolish_v the_o pope_n usurp_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n out_o of_o his_o dominion_n king_n edward_n the_o six_o his_o son_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_z the_o first_o christian_a queen_n we_o read_v of_o in_o the_o world_n who_o total_o abolish_v suppress_v popery_n banish_v it_o their_o kingdom_n and_o establish_v the_o public_a profession_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n by_o public_a statute_n make_v in_o their_o parliament_n so_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n after_o they_o turn_v christian_n this_o realm_n of_o england_n procreate_v council_n more_o devout_a holy_a pious_a just_a and_o righteous_a king_n eminent_a for_o their_o piety_n justice_n excellent_a ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a law_n transcendent_a bounty_n to_o the_o church_n clergy_n and_o martyrdom_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o religion_n and_o their_o country_n against_o pagan_a invader_n than_o any_o one_o kingdom_n throughout_o the_o world_n there_o be_v council_n no_o less_o than_o 15_o or_o 16_o of_o our_o saxon_a king_n and_o 13_o queen_n within_o 200_o year_n space_n who_o out_o of_o piety_n devotion_n and_o contempt_n of_o the_o world_n according_a to_o the_o piety_n of_o that_o age_n out_o of_o date_n in_o this_o voluntary_o renounce_v their_o earthly_a crown_n and_o kingdom_n and_o become_v profess_a monk_n nun_n to_o obtain_v a_o incorruptible_a crown_n and_o kingdom_n in_o heaven_n &_o 12_o king_n crown_v with_o martyrdom_n be_v slay_v by_o pagan_a invader_n 10_o of_o they_o be_v canonize_v for_o transcendent_a saint_n and_o enroll_v for_o such_o in_o all_o martyrology_n liturgy_n of_o the_o church_n which_o i_o doubt_v few_o of_o our_o new_a republican_n saint_n will_v be_v yea_o the_o piety_n of_o our_o king_n in_o that_o age_n be_v general_o so_o surpass_v ut_fw-la mirum_fw-la tunc_fw-la fuerat_fw-la regem_fw-la non_fw-la sanctum_fw-la videre_fw-la as_o chroicle_n john_n capgrave_n inform_v we_o whence_o wernerus_n a_o foreign_a chronologer_n in_o his_o fasciculus_fw-la temporum_fw-la record_n plures_fw-la se_fw-la invenisse_fw-la sanctos_fw-la reges_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it quam_fw-la in_o alia_fw-la mundi_fw-la provincia_n quanâumcunque_fw-la populosa_fw-la and_o 371._o abbot_n ailred_n long_o before_o he_o give_v this_o memorable_a testimony_n of_o the_o sanctity_n martyrdom_n justice_n and_o study_n of_o the_o people_n public_a we_o all_o before_o the_o private_a shine_v forth_o in_o our_o saxon_a king_n more_o than_o in_o any_o other_o king_n throughout_o the_o world_n verum_fw-la prae_fw-la cunctis_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la regnisve_fw-la terrarum_fw-la de_fw-la sanctitate_fw-la regum_fw-la suorum_fw-la anglia_fw-it gloriatur_fw-la quorum_fw-la alii_fw-la coronati_fw-la martyrio_fw-la de_fw-la terreno_fw-la ad_fw-la caeleste_fw-la regnum_fw-la migraverunt_fw-la alii_fw-la exilium_fw-la patriae_fw-la praeferentes_fw-la mori_fw-la pro_fw-la christo_fw-la peregre_n deligerunt_fw-la nonnulli_fw-la posito_fw-la diademate_n disciplicinis_fw-la se_fw-la monasticis_fw-la subdederunt_fw-la quidam_fw-la in_o justitia_fw-la et_fw-la sanctitate_fw-la regnantes_fw-la prodesse_fw-la subditis_fw-la quam_fw-la praeesse_fw-la maluerunt_fw-la who_o footstep_n with_o the_o pretend_v self-denying_a antimonarchical_a domineer_a saint_n over_o we_o will_v now_o imitate_v inter_fw-la quos_fw-la istud_fw-la sydus_fw-la eximium_fw-la gloriosus_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la emicuit_fw-la quem_fw-la cernimus_fw-la &_o in_fw-la divitiis_fw-la egenum_fw-la &_o in_o deliciis_fw-la sobrium_fw-la in_fw-la purpura_fw-la humilem_fw-la &_o sub_fw-la corona_fw-la aurea_fw-la seculi_fw-la contemptorem_fw-la so_o as_o the_o prophecy_n of_o psal._n 72_o 2_o 6._o isay._n 42_o 4_o 10_o 12._o c._n 49.1_o 23._o c._n 51_o 5._o c._n 60_o 9_o 10_o 11._o c._n 66.19_o seem_v to_o be_v principal_o intend_v and_o verify_v of_o our_o king_n &_o isle_n above_o alâothers_n in_o the_o world_n no_o wonder_n then_o that_o these_o age_n of_o they_o afford_v we_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o war_n tumult_n combustion_n therein_o sundry_a memorable_a precedent_n of_o great_a parliamentary_a council_n synod_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a excelleut_fw-fr law_n and_o canon_n make_v in_o &_o royal_a charter_n confirm_v by_o they_o with_o divers_a memorable_a mowment_n both_o of_o our_o parliamentary_a council_n king_n prince_n nobles_z people_n constant_a care_n diligence_n prudence_n fortitude_n in_o defend_v preserve_v vindicate_a and_o perpetuate_n to_o posterity_n the_o good_a old_a law_n liberty_n franchise_n right_n custom_n government_n public_a justice_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o suppress_v abolish_v all_o ill_a law_n tyrannical_a unjust_a proceed_n oppression_n exaction_n impost_n grievance_n tax_n repugnant_a thereunto_o &_o to_o advance_v religion_n piety_n learning_n the_o free_a course_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o people_n welfare_n which_o i_o have_v here_o in_o a_o chronological_a method_n for_o the_o most_o part_n faithful_o collect_v out_o of_o our_o ancient_a best_a historian_n and_o antiquary_n of_o all_o sort_n where_o they_o lie_v confuse_v scatter_a and_o many_o of_o they_o be_v almost_o quite_o bury_v in_o oblivion_n and_o so_o far_o forget_v that_o they_o be_v never_o so_o much_o as_o once_o remember_v or_o insi_v on_o either_o in_o our_o late_a parliament_n and_o great_a court_n of_o justice_n in_o any_o late_a public_a argument_n or_o debate_n touch_v the_o violation_n or_o preservation_n of_o the_o fundamental_a law_n liberty_n property_n right_n franchise_n of_o the_o nation_n now_o almost_o quite_o forget_v and_o trample_v under_o foot_n after_o all_o our_o late_a contest_v for_o their_o defence_n i_o have_v throughout_o these_o collection_n strict_o confine_v myself_o to_o the_o very_a word_n and_o expression_n of_o those_o historian_n i_o cite_v couple_v their_o relation_n together_o where_o they_o accord_n in_o one_o cite_v they_o several_o where_o they_o vary_v and_o can_v not_o apt_o be_v conjoin_v transcribe_v their_o most_o pertinent_a passage_n in_o the_o language_n they_o pen_v they_o omit_v by_o our_o vulgar_a english_a chronologer_n and_o annex_v some_o brief_a observation_n to_o they_o for_o explanation_n or_o information_n where_o there_o be_v occasion_n the_o whole_a undertake_n i_o here_o humble_o submit_v to_o the_o favourable_a acceptation_n and_o censure_n of_o every_o judicious_a reader_n who_o if_o upon_o his_o perusal_n thereof_o shall_v esteem_v it_o worthy_a of_o such_o a_o encomium_n as_o 1757._o william_n thorn_n a_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n have_v by_o way_n of_o prologue_n prefix_a to_o his_o own_o chronicle_n valens_n labour_n &_o laud_fw-la dignus_fw-la per_fw-la quem_fw-la ignota_fw-la noscuntur_fw-la occulta_fw-la ad_fw-la noticiam_fw-la patescunt_fw-la praeterita_fw-la in_o lucem_fw-la praesentia_fw-la in_o experientiam_fw-la &_o futura_fw-la temporibus_fw-la non_fw-la omittantur_fw-la &_o quia_fw-la labilis_fw-la est_fw-la humana_fw-la memoria_fw-la necesse_fw-la constat_fw-la scriptis_fw-la inseri_fw-la memorandum_fw-la ne_fw-la humanae_fw-la fragilitatis_fw-la contingens_fw-la oblivio_fw-la fieret_fw-la posteris_fw-la inopinata_fw-la confusio_fw-la it_o will_v somewhat_o encourage_v i_o to_o proceed_v from_o these_o remote_a obscure_a time_n to_o age_n next_o ensue_v in_o the_o like_a or_o some_o other_o chronological_a method_n but_o if_o any_o out_o of_o disaffection_n to_o the_o work_n or_o diversity_n from_o i_o in_o opinion_n shall_v deem_v these_o collection_n useless_a or_o superfluous_a i_o hope_v they_o will_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v the_o selfsame_a apology_n for_o myself_o and_o they_o as_o our_o most_o judidious_a historian_n 174._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n long_o since_o make_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o historical_a collection_n et_fw-la quidem_fw-la erunt_fw-la multi_fw-la fortassis_fw-la in_o diversis_fw-la regionibus_fw-la anglâae_fw-la qui_fw-la quaedam_fw-la aliter_fw-la ac_fw-la ego_fw-la dixi_fw-la se_fw-la dicant_fw-la audisse_fw-la vel_fw-la legisse_fw-la veruntamen_fw-la si_fw-la recto_fw-la aguntur_fw-la judicio_fw-la non_fw-la ideo_fw-la i_o censorio_fw-la expungent_a stilo_fw-it ego_fw-la enim_fw-la veram_fw-la legem_fw-la secutus_fw-la historiae_fw-la nihil_fw-la unquam_fw-la posui_fw-la nisi_fw-la quod_fw-la à _fw-la sidelibus_fw-la relatoribus_fw-la vel_fw-la scriptoribus_fw-la addidici_fw-la porro_fw-la quoquo_fw-la modo_fw-la haec_fw-la se_fw-la habeant_fw-la privatim_fw-la ipse_fw-la mihi_fw-la sub_fw-la open_a christi_fw-la gratulor_fw-la quod_fw-la continuam_fw-la anglorum_fw-la historiam_fw-la ordinaveram_fw-la vel_fw-la solus_fw-la vel_fw-la primus_fw-la at_o least_o wise_a in_o this_o kind_n si_fw-la quis_fw-la igitur_fw-la post_fw-la i_o scribendi_fw-la de_fw-la talibus_fw-la munus_fw-la attentaverit_fw-la mihi_fw-la debeat_fw-la collectionis_fw-la gratiam_fw-la sibi_fw-la habeat_fw-la electionis_fw-la materiam_fw-la quod_fw-la superest_fw-la munus_fw-la meum_fw-la dignanter_fw-la suscipite_fw-la ut_fw-la gaudeam_fw-la grato_fw-la âognitoris_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la erravi_fw-la eligendi_fw-la judicio_fw-la thus_o crave_v the_o benefit_n of_o thy_o prayer_n for_o god_n blesâsing_v on_o these_o my_o
whereof_o be_v this_o that_o the_o church_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o enjoy_v her_o judgement_n rent_n and_o pension_n 700._o and_o 35._o anno_fw-la dom._n 700._o this_o king_n wither_a unâ_fw-la cum_fw-la consensu_fw-la principum_fw-la meorum_fw-la together_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o noble_n and_o bishop_n who_o subscribe_v their_o name_n to_o his_o charter_n grant_v to_o the_o church_n of_o god_n in_o kentâ_n thât_v they_o shall_v be_v perpetual_o free_v ab_fw-la omni_fw-la exactione_n publica_fw-la tributi_fw-la atque_fw-la dispendio_fw-la vel_fw-la laesione_n à _fw-la praesenti_fw-la die_fw-la &_o tempore_fw-la etc._n etc._n from_o all_o public_a exaction_n of_o tribute_n and_o from_o all_o damage_n and_o harm_n render_v to_o he_o &_o his_o posterity_n 1.10_o such_o honour_n and_o obedience_n as_o they_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o king_n hâs_n antecessor_n under_o who_o justice_n and_o liberty_n be_v keep_v towards_o they_o 706._o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 678._o 7â_n wilfrid_n archbishop_n of_o âorkâeing_v âeing_z in_o a_o council_n unjust_o deprive_v of_o his_o bishopric_n by_o theodor_n archbishop_n of_o canâerbury_n who_o envy_v the_o greatness_n of_o his_o wealth_n power_n and_o diocese_n which_o he_o will_v and_o do_v against_o wilfrids_n will_n in_o that_o council_n divide_v iâtoâ_n â_z more_o bishopric_n be_v after_o that_o time_n exile_v the_o realm_n through_o the_o malice_n of_o egfrid_n king_n of_o nortâumberland_n and_o emburga_n his_o queen_n who_o he_o will_v have_v persuade_v âo_o become_v a_o nun_n and_o desert_n her_o husband_n as_o some_o author_n write_v and_o other_o deny_v in_o his_o favour_n without_o any_o just_a and_o lawful_a cause_n and_o after_o that_o about_o the_o year_n 692._o be_v again_o deprive_v of_o his_o bishopric_n and_o right_n by_o the_o judgement_n and_o sentence_n of_o another_o council_n hold_v under_o aldrid_n king_n of_o northumberland_n and_o bertuald_a archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n he_o thereupon_o maâe_n two_o successive_a appeal_n to_o rome_n against_o their_o two_o unjust_a sentence_n as_o he_o conceive_v they_o the_o first_o to_o pope_n agatho_n and_o a_o council_n of_o 150_o bishop_n hold_v under_o he_o who_o decree_v he_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o his_o bishopric_n and_o make_v such_o bishop_n under_o he_o by_o advice_n of_o a_o council_n to_o be_v hold_v `by_n he_o as_o he_o shall_v deem_v meet_a with_o which_o decree_n against_o his_o first_o sentence_n he_o return_v from_o rome_n to_o king_n egfrid_n to_o who_o he_o deliver_v it_o seal_v with_o the_o pope_n seal_n the_o king_n upon_o âight_n and_o read_v thereof_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o some_o of_o his_o bishop_n tantùm_fw-la à _fw-la reverentiâ_fw-la romanae_fw-la sedis_fw-la abfuit_fw-la be_v so_o far_o from_o obey_v this_o decree_n of_o the_o roman_a see_v that_o he_o spoil_v wilfrid_n of_o all_o his_o good_n and_o possession_n and_o commit_v he_o prisoner_n to_o a_o barbarous_a and_o cruel_a governor_n who_o thrust_v he_o into_o a_o dark_a dungeon_n for_o many_o daysâ_n and_o after_o that_o commit_v he_o to_o another_o more_o cruel_a gaoler_n than_o he_o call_v tumber_n who_o endeavour_v to_o put_v he_o into_o fetter_n by_o the_o king_n command_n which_o he_o can_v no_o way_n fasten_v upon_o his_o leg_n but_o they_o present_o fall_v off_o again_o through_o a_o miracle_n whereupon_o wickedness_n give_v place_n to_o religion_n he_o be_v loose_v from_o his_o bond_n detain_v in_o free_a custody_n and_o afterward_o release_v but_o not_o restore_v after_o which_o about_o the_o year_n 693._o he_o appeal_v again_o to_o pope_n john_n against_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o second_o council_n which_o refuse_v to_o re-admit_a he_o to_o his_o archbishopric_n unless_o he_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o decree_n of_o archbishop_n theodore_n and_o brithwald_n his_o successor_n which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v unless_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o holy_a canon_n which_o he_o conceive_v they_o not_o to_o be_v because_o they_o will_v order_v he_o to_o condemn_v himself_o without_o any_o crime_n object_v to_o he_o upon_o which_o appeal_n this_o pope_n wiâh_v his_o bishop_n pronounce_v wilfrid_n free_a from_o all_o crime_n and_o order_v he_o to_o return_v to_o his_o archbishopric_n write_v letter_n to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o mercian_n and_o alfrid_n king_n of_o northumberland_n to_o restore_v he_o thereunto_o alfrid_n receive_v the_o pope_n letter_n by_o wilfrids_n messenger_n altogether_o refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o pope_n command_n in_o this_o case_n 7._o say_v quod_fw-la esset_fw-la contra_fw-la rationem_fw-la homini_fw-la jam_fw-la bis_fw-la à _fw-la toto_fw-la anglorum_fw-la concilio_n damnato_fw-la propter_fw-la quaelibet_fw-la apostolica_fw-la scripta_fw-la communicare_fw-la that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n to_o communicate_v with_o a_o man_n already_o twice_o condemn_v by_o the_o whole_a council_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n for_o any_o write_n of_o the_o pope_n so_o little_o be_v the_o pope_n authority_n and_o decree_n then_o regard_v in_o england_n contradict_v the_o king_n and_o english_a council_n proceed_n neither_o will_v he_o restore_v he_o all_o his_o life_n after_o his_o death_n edulfe_n usurp_v the_o crown_n by_o tyranny_n wilfrid_n repair_v to_o he_o to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o archbishopric_n upon_o this_o account_n of_o the_o pope_n letter_n whereupon_o he_o be_v so_o enrage_v with_o he_o for_o it_o though_o former_o his_o great_a friend_n that_o he_o present_o command_v he_o to_o depart_v the_o realm_n forthwith_o unless_o he_o will_v be_v spââled_v of_o all_o his_o good_n and_o cast_v out_o of_o it_o with_o disgrace_n but_o this_o usuper_fw-la be_v deprive_v both_o of_o his_o realm_n crown_n and_o life_n in_o little_a more_o than_o 3_o month_n space_n and_o osred_a son_n of_o king_n alfrid_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o noble_n as_o right_a heir_n thereunto_o at_o last_o wilfrid_n be_v reinvest_v in_o 705._o his_o bishopric_n by_o the_o decree_n of_o a_o council_n hold_v under_o he_o in_o northumberland_n at_o a_o place_n call_v nidden_v an._n 705._o not_o so_o much_o in_o obedience_n to_o the_o pope_n command_n as_o king_n alfrid_n attest_v by_o elfleda_n his_o sister_n than_o abbess_n of_o streneshash_n witness_v these_o word_n of_o berfride_n ego_fw-la jussionibus_fw-la papae_fw-la obediendum_fw-la censeo_fw-la praeâerâim_fw-la cum_fw-la eorum_fw-la roâori_fw-la accedat_fw-la regis_fw-la nostri_fw-la jussioâ_n â_z &_o nostrae_fw-la necessit_fw-la atis_fw-la sponsio_fw-la etc._n etc._n pver_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la levatâs_fw-la hostess_fw-la abactus_fw-la tyrannus_n extinctus_fw-la est_fw-la igitur_fw-la regiae_n voluntatis_fw-la ut_fw-la episcopus_fw-la wilfridus_n revestiatur_fw-la upon_o which_o he_o be_v accord_o restore_v whereupon_o all_o the_o bishop_n embrace_v he_o and_o reconcile_v themselves_o to_o he_o this_o bishop_n wilfrid_n procure_v to_o the_o church_n of_o hagustald_v which_o he_o found_v and_o be_v bishop_n thereof_o many_o privilege_n and_o that_o âor_a one_o mile_n circuit_n round_o about_o 10._o none_o shall_v be_v arrest_v go_v or_o come_v buâ_n enjoy_v inviolable_a peace_n quod_fw-la inâtitutum_fw-la authoritate_fw-la &_o privilegiis_fw-la romanae_fw-la sediâ_n apostolicorum_fw-la &_o archiepiscoporum_fw-la &_o episcoporum_fw-la &_o regum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la tam_fw-la scotiae_fw-la quam_fw-la angliae_fw-la confirmatum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la aliquis_fw-la 29â_n temerarius_fw-la insringere_fw-la audebit_fw-la &_o magnae_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la damno_fw-la obnoxius_fw-la erit_fw-la &_o perpet_n no_o anathematis_fw-la gladio_fw-la ab_fw-la ecclesia_n seperabitur_fw-la as_o richaâd_n prior_n of_o hagustald_v record_n 712._o anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 708_o 217._o egwin_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n procure_v king_n kenred_n and_o offa_n by_o their_o charter_n to_o grant_v and_o confirm_v many_o land_n and_o privilege_n âo_o the_o abbey_n of_o evesham_n which_o pope_n constantine_n likewise_o ratify_v by_o his_o subscription_n at_o rome_n as_o well_o as_o âhese_fw-mi king_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o archbishop_n bishop_n prince_n and_o noble_n of_o divers_a province_n who_o commend_v and_o approve_v their_o charter_n and_o liberality_n in_o pursuance_n whereof_o pope_n constantine_n write_v a_o letter_n to_o brithwald_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o summon_v concilium_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la 10._o a_o council_n of_o all_o england_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o king_n bishop_n religious_a person_n of_o holy_a order_n optimatesque_fw-la regni_fw-la cum_fw-la proceribus_fw-la suis_fw-la with_o the_o noble_n and_o great_a man_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o be_v all_o assemble_v together_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n the_o archbishop_n shall_v in_o their_o presence_n read_v the_o charter_n of_o these_o king_n and_o the_o pope_n confirmation_n of_o they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o tâe_v favour_n and_o assent_v of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o people_n and_o consecrate_v with_o their_o benediction_n whereupon_o king_n kenred_n and_o offa_n after_o their_o return_n from_o rome_n assemble_v a_o general_n council_n in_o a_o place_n call_v alne_n
who_o general_n he_o be_v and_o thereupon_o usurp_a his_o throne_n and_o turn_v a_o tyrant_n as_o most_o usurper_n do_v be_v in_o the_o very_a âirst_n year_n of_o his_o usurp_a reign_n expel_v the_o realm_n and_o soon_o after_o slay_v by_o offa_n and_o so_o dignum_fw-la sinem_fw-la insidiarum_fw-la tulit_fw-la be_v author_n necis_fw-la of_o his_o sovereign_n king_n ethelbald_n à _fw-la suis_fw-la tutoribus_fw-la fraudulentèr_fw-la interfectus_fw-la as_o our_o hisâorians_n observe_v a_o good_a memento_n for_o other_o traitor_n and_o usurper_n tread_v in_o his_o footstep_n qui_fw-la regnum_fw-la tyrannus_n invasit_fw-la &_o per_fw-la modicum_fw-la tempus_fw-la in_o paruà _fw-la laetitiâ_n &_o jocunditate_fw-la tenens_fw-la regnum_fw-la cum_fw-la vitâ_fw-la perdidit_fw-la as_o wigorniensis_n write_v of_o he_o 5._o the_o 315._o english_a complain_v to_o king_n offa_n 775._o in_o the_o year_n 775._o of_o the_o great_a exaction_n in_o foreign_a part_n under_o charles_n the_o emperor_n they_o be_v then_o at_o variance_n so_o as_o their_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n be_v every_o where_o prohibit_v in_o both_o their_o realm_n thereupon_o king_n offa_n by_o gift_n send_v to_o the_o emperor_n obtain_v this_o grant_n and_o privilege_n from_o he_o for_o his_o subject_n that_o all_o pilgrim_n pass_v through_o his_o dominion_n to_o rome_n for_o piety_n and_o devotion_n sake_n alone_o 4â_n shall_v have_v free_a and_o peaceable_a passage_n without_o any_o molestation_n or_o tribute_n that_o all_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o the_o company_n of_o pilgrim_n pass_v only_o for_o gain_v not_o devotion_n shall_v pay_v only_o a_o certain_a establish_a tribute_n in_o sit_v place_n that_o all_o english_a merchant_n and_o trader_n shall_v have_v lawful_a protection_n by_o his_o command_n within_o his_o realm_n and_o if_o in_o any_o place_n they_o be_v vex_v with_o unjust_a oppression_n that_o upon_o complaint_n to_o he_o or_o his_o judge_n they_o shall_v have_v full_a justice_n do_v unto_o they_o 781_o in_o the_o year_n 780._o aethelred_n or_o adelred_n king_n of_o northumberland_n 17._o be_v depose_v by_o his_o subject_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v 3_o year_n and_o quite_o drive_v out_o of_o his_o realm_n by_o his_o noble_n who_o the_o next_o year_n after_o assault_v and_o burn_v a_o certain_a consul_n or_o earl_n be_v their_o justice_n in_o his_o âwn_a house_n plus_fw-la aequo_fw-la saevientem_fw-la for_o tyrannize_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o law_n and_o right_n i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o the_o manifold_a insurrection_n of_o these_o northumberlander_n against_o their_o king_n nor_o their_o disloyal_a deposition_n expulsion_n murder_n of_o most_o of_o they_o upon_o pretend_a oppression_n and_o exorbitancy_n in_o government_n rather_o than_o âeal_v 4._o nor_o on_o the_o strange_a general_a bloody_a frequent_a depredation_n war_n devastation_n plague_n judgement_n invasion_n by_o dane_n norman_n scot_n and_o other_o inflict_v just_o on_o they_o for_o the_o same_o by_o divine_a justice_n more_o than_o on_o all_o other_o part_n of_o this_o island_n since_o i_o have_v touch_v some_o of_o they_o 64._o before_o and_o shall_v glance_v at_o more_o of_o they_o hereafter_o all_o which_o the_o studious_a may_v read_v at_o leisure_n in_o maslmesbury_n huntindon_n hoveden_n aethelwerdus_fw-la matthew_n westminster_n bromton_n florentius_n wigorniensis_n simeon_n dunelmensis_n radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la polychronicon_n holinsh_v speed_v and_o other_o only_a i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o sum_n of_o they_o about_o this_o age_n in_o the_o word_n of_o simâon_n dunelmensis_n and_o richardus_fw-la hagulstaldensis_fw-la 451_o crudelis_fw-la exinde_fw-la barbarorum_fw-la manus_fw-la innumeris_fw-la navibus_fw-la in_o angliâm_fw-la transvecta_fw-la omne_fw-la quaqua_fw-la versum_fw-la depopulans_fw-la northunhymbrorum_fw-la autem_fw-la provincias_fw-la atrocius_fw-la devastans_fw-la omnes_fw-la ecclesias_fw-la omne_fw-la monasteria_fw-la ferro_fw-la &_o incendio_fw-la delevit_fw-la adeò_fw-la ut_fw-la nullum_fw-la pene_fw-la christianitatis_fw-la signum_fw-la post_fw-la se_fw-la discedens_fw-la reliquerit_fw-la monachi_fw-la qui_fw-la loci_fw-la reverentia_fw-la confidentes_fw-la remanserunt_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesià _fw-la extracti_fw-la alii_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la sub_fw-la hostibus_fw-la submersi_fw-la alii_fw-la captivi_fw-la abducti_fw-la alii_fw-la detruncati_fw-la alii_fw-la aliis_fw-la tormentis_fw-la miserabiliter_fw-la affecti_fw-la omnes_fw-la simul_fw-la interiêrunt_fw-la et_fw-la indè_fw-la prosiliens_fw-la slammà _fw-la et_fw-la ferro_fw-la in_fw-la exterminium_fw-la omne_fw-la duxit_fw-la etc._n etc._n after_o which_o sad_a successive_a devastation_n for_o sundry_a year_n by_o the_o dane_n they_o be_v so_o total_o depopulate_v and_o extirpate_v by_o famine_n sword_n and_o pestilence_n by_o the_o norman_n an._n 1069._o that_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v reduce_v into_o a_o desolate_a wilderness_n without_o a_o inhabitant_n and_o lay_v untilled_a for_o nine_o year_n space_n bestiarum_fw-la tanâum_fw-la &_o latronum_fw-la latibula_fw-la be_v only_o den_n of_o beast_n and_o thief_n and_o how_o many_o time_n it_o have_v be_v waste_v the_o populate_a with_o fire_n and_o sword_n since_o this_o by_o the_o scot_n and_o what_o barbarous_a cruelty_n they_o have_v exercise_v therein_o you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o continuation_n of_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n by_o the_o prior_n of_o hagustald_v col_fw-fr 264._o in_o historia_n ricardi_n prioris_fw-la hagustaldensis_fw-la de_fw-la gestis_fw-la regis_fw-la stephani_fw-la &_o bello_fw-la standardi_fw-la col_fw-fr 315_o 316._o and_o other_o chronicle_n since_o that_o time_n the_o lord_n in_o mercy_n divert_v the_o like_a judgement_n from_o that_o northern_a part_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n now_o for_o the_o like_a transgression_n of_o a_o late_a date_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 787._o 787._o as_o most_o account_n 17._o pope_n adrian_n send_v legate_n into_o england_n 5.6_o to_o confirm_v the_o faith_n which_o augustine_n have_v preach_v who_o be_v honourable_o receive_v both_o by_o the_o king_n clergy_n and_o people_n thereupon_o hold_v a_o great_a parliamentary_a council_n at_o calchut_n chalchuthe_n or_o cealtide_n as_o henry_n huntindon_n style_v it_o in_o this_o council_n offa_n king_n of_o mercian_n and_o kenulphus_n king_n of_o west-saxonsâ_a â_z with_o all_o their_o ecclesiastical_a aâd_n secular_a prince_n nobles_z elder_n bishop_n abbotsâ_n 6._o be_v present_a who_o all_o subscriâeâ_n and_o consent_v to_o the_o ecclesiaestical_a and_o temporal_a law_n and_o canon_n therein_o make_v and_o publish_v be_v 20_o in_o number_n the_o principle_n whereof_o relaâing_v to_o my_o theme_n i_o have_v former_o recite_v in_o this_o parliamentary_a council_n king_n offa_n cause_v egfrid_n his_o elder_a son_n to_o be_v solemn_o crown_v king_n who_o from_o thenceforth_o reign_v with_o he_o and_o in_o it_o jambertus_fw-la or_o lambert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n much_o against_o his_o will_n resign_v part_n of_o his_o archbishopric_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o litchfield_n by_o the_o command_n and_o power_n of_o king_n offa_n who_o envy_v the_o âower_n and_o pride_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterb._n deprive_v he_o in_o this_o council_n notwithstanding_o all_o jamberts_n appeal_v to_o pope_n adrian_n of_o all_o land_n and_o jurisdiction_n within_o his_o realm_n of_o mercia_n erect_v a_o new_a archbishopric_a at_o litchfield_n to_o which_o he_o subject_v all_o the_o bishop_n of_o mercia_n be_v then_o six_o in_o number_n âill_v by_o another_o council_n they_o be_v reunite_v to_o canterbury_n after_o the_o decease_n of_o offa._n 788._o 297._o about_o the_o year_n 788._o there_o be_v some_o difference_n among_o historian_n in_o the_o year_n there_o be_v a_o great_a council_n hold_v at_o ade_n and_o after_o that_o another_o council_n keep_v at_o wincenhale_n or_o pincanhale_n in_o northumberland_n now_o call_v finke_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n conceive_v that_o these_o council_n be_v principal_o summon_v to_o prevent_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 787â_n come_v inâo_o britain_n with_o 3_o ship_n to_o discover_v the_o coast_n and_o prey_n upon_o it_o slay_v king_n bricticus_fw-la his_o provost_n and_o after_o that_o many_o thousand_o thousand_o of_o the_o english_a at_o sundry_a time_n 9_o after_o this_o there_o be_v another_o parliamentary_a council_n or_o synod_n hold_v at_o aclea_n or_o aclithâ_n at_o which_o time_n duke_n sigga_n by_o wicked_a treason_n slay_v his_o sovereign_a alfwold_n king_n of_o northumberland_n and_o be_v not_o long_o afterward_o slay_v himself_o by_o the_o dane_n who_o miserable_o waste_v and_o destroy_v that_o rebellious_a kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n as_o a_o condigu_n punishment_n for_o their_o treason_n rebellion_n and_o regicide_n of_o their_o king_n 3._o anno_fw-la 792._o 792._o there_o be_v a_o council_n hold_v at_o a_o place_n call_v fincale_n where_o the_o archbishop_n with_o his_o suffragan_n bishop_n and_o many_o other_o be_v present_a what_o the_o occasion_n of_o it_o be_v appear_v not_o only_o our_o historian_n relate_v that_o osred_a king_n of_o northumberland_n be_v this_o year_n chase_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n by_o his_o rebellious_a subject_n when_o he_o have_v reign_v but_o one_o year_n and_o
ethelred_n son_n of_o mollo_n substitute_v king_n in_o his_o place_n whereupon_o osred_n gather_v force_n together_o to_o expel_v ethelred_n which_o have_v expulse_v he_o out_o of_o his_o realm_n be_v in_o his_o march_n into_o it_o again_o take_v prisoner_n and_o slay_v by_o this_o usurper_n at_o tymmouth_n upon_o occasion_n of_o which_o insurrection_n and_o war_n i_o conceive_v this_o council_n be_v most_o probable_o summon_v soon_o after_o this_o usurp_a regicide_n ethelred_n be_v slay_v himself_o even_o by_o those_o seditious_a subject_n who_o expel_v and_o slay_v osr_v 9_o to_o advance_v he_o to_o the_o throne_n the_o common_a fate_n of_o bloody_a usurper_n especial_o in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n as_o our_o historian_n observe_v 17._o king_n offa_n in_o the_o year_n 793._o 793._o call_v a_o provincial_n parliamentary_a council_n 5.10_o where_o archbishop_n humbert_n and_o his_o suffragans_fw-la with_o all_o the_o primate_fw-la and_o nobles_n be_v present_a wherein_o he_o treat_v with_o they_o about_o sound_v the_o monastery_n of_o st._n alban_n the_o first_o martyr_n in_o the_o place_n where_o his_o corpse_n be_v find_v endow_v it_o with_o land_n and_o privilege_n placuit_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regis_fw-la propositum_fw-la whereupon_o they_o conclude_v the_o king_n shall_v go_v to_o rome_n in_o person_n and_o procure_v from_o the_o pope_n the_o canonization_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o a_o confirmation_n of_o privilege_n to_o the_o abbey_n he_o intend_v to_o build_v he_o repair_v to_o rome_n according_o the_o pope_n commend_v his_o devotion_n give_v he_o his_o full_a aââent_n both_o to_o find_v a_o monastery_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o all_o such_o privilege_n as_o he_o desire_v enjoin_v he_o that_o return_v to_o his_o country_n ex_fw-la consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o optimatum_fw-la suorum_fw-la 10._o by_o advice_n of_o his_o bishop_n and_o ãâ¦ã_z to_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n alban_n what_o possession_n or_o privilege_n he_o will_v which_o he_o ãâã_d grant_v or_o confirm_v to_o it_o by_o his_o special_a charter_n first_o and_o afterward_o he_o will_v confirm_v his_o original_n with_o his_o privilege_n and_o bull._n the_o king_n hereupon_o receive_v the_o pope_n benediction_n return_v home_o and_o hold_v two_o great_a council_n for_o the_o setliug_n of_o the_o land_n privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o st._n alban_n the_o one_o at_o celâyth_n where_o be_v present_a 9_o king_n 15_o bishop_n and_o 20_o duke_n as_o john_n stow_n relate_v in_o his_o chronicle_n who_o all_o subscribe_v and_o ratify_v his_o charter_n of_o land_n and_o privilege_n grant_v to_o st._n alban_n the_o other_o council_n be_v hold_v at_o verolam_n which_o matthew_n westminster_n thus_o express_v congregato_fw-la apud_fw-la verolamium_n episcoporum_fw-la &_o optimatum_fw-la concilio_n unanimi_fw-la omnium_fw-la consensu_fw-la &_o voluntate_fw-la beato_fw-la albano_n amplas_fw-la contulit_fw-la terras_fw-la &_o possessiones_fw-la innumeras_fw-la quas_fw-la multiplici_fw-la libertatum_fw-la privilegio_fw-la insignivit_fw-la monachorum_fw-la vero_fw-la conventum_fw-la ex_fw-la domibus_fw-la bene_fw-la religiosis_fw-la ad_fw-la tumbam_fw-la martyris_fw-la congregavit_fw-la &_o abbatem_fw-la eye_v nomine_fw-la willegodum_fw-la praefecit_fw-la cui_fw-la cum_fw-la ipso_fw-la monasterio_n jura_n regalia_z concessit_fw-la this_o king_n then_o reign_v over_o 20_o shire_n at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o the_o unanimous_a assent_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o noble_n 314._o give_v out_o of_o all_o those_o county_n to_o the_o english_a school_n at_o rome_n peter-pence_n in_o english_a call_v romescot_n yet_o he_o privilege_v the_o church_n of_o st._n alban_n with_o so_o great_a liberty_n that_o this_o church_n alone_o shall_v be_v quit_v of_o the_o apostolical_a custom_n and_o tribute_n call_v romescot_n when_o as_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o archbishop_n nor_o any_o bishop_n abbot_z 1.6_o or_o prior_n or_o any_o other_o in_o the_o realm_n be_v exempt_v frow_fw-mi this_o payment_n and_o likewise_o grant_v that_o the_o church_n of_o st._n alban_n shall_v faithful_o collect_v the_o say_a romescot_n from_o all_o the_o county_n of_o herâford_n wherein_o the_o say_a church_n be_v situate_v and_o receive_v the_o money_n collect_v to_o that_o church_n own_o use_n and_o that_o the_o abbot_n thereof_o or_o a_o monk_n constitute_v his_o archdeacon_n under_o he_o shall_v exercise_v episcopal_a authority_n over_o all_o the_o priest_n &_o layman_n within_o the_o possession_n belong_v to_o the_o abbey_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v make_v subjection_n to_o no_o archbishop_n bishop_n or_o legate_n but_o only_o to_o the_o pope_n himself_o so_o as_o that_o church_n have_v omne_fw-la jura_fw-la regalia_z and_o the_o abbot_n thereof_o for_o the_o time_n be_v pontificalia_fw-la ornamenta_fw-la and_o that_o by_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o this_o king_n then_o make_v with_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o his_o bishop_n and_o noble_n in_o this_o great_a council_n what_o land_n he_o give_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n augustine_n and_o christchurch_n in_o canterbury_n and_o the_o archbishop_n there_o you_o may_v read_v at_o large_a in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o william_n thorne_n col_fw-fr 1775._o and_o evidentiae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la cantuariensis_n col_fw-fr 2203_o 2219._o 776._o king_n offa_n decease_a an._n 797._o his_o son_n egfrid_n 797._o so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v settle_v in_o his_o father_n kingdom_n imitate_v the_o pious_a footstep_n of_o his_o father_n devout_o confer_v many_o land_n and_o possession_n on_o the_o church_n of_o st._n alban_n and_o confirm_v they_o by_o his_o charter_n anâ_n privilege_n with_o all_o those_o other_o land_n privilege_n and_o royal_a liberty_n which_o his_o father_n have_v confer_v on_o the_o say_a church_n to_o enjoy_v they_o in_o the_o free_a manner_n of_o ejus_fw-la donatio_fw-la ut_fw-la perpetuae_fw-la firmitatis_fw-la robur_n obtineret_fw-la juxta_fw-la morem_fw-la romanae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la comitum_fw-la et_fw-la baronum_fw-la totius_fw-la imperii_fw-la svi_fw-la assemble_v in_o a_o general_a council_n of_o âhe_n realm_n subscriptionem_fw-la 10._o &_o signum_fw-la crucis_fw-la apposuit_fw-la cause_v all_o his_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o his_o whole_a realm_n to_o subscribe_v and_o ratify_v his_o charter_n and_o donation_n with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n that_o it_o may_v be_v of_o perpetual_a force_n and_o validity_n moreover_o decline_v his_o father_n covetousness_n in_o all_o thing_n whatever_o he_o for_o the_o exaltation_n of_o his_o kingdom_n have_v diminish_v out_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o divers_a monastery_n he_o out_o of_o a_o pious_a devotion_n restore_v and_o confirm_v with_o his_o privilege_n or_o charter_n to_o all_o who_o desire_v it_o this_o pious_a king_n egfrid_n as_o our_o historian_n observe_v and_o let_v other_o note_v it_o who_o gain_n their_o kingdom_n power_n possession_n by_o bloodshed_n and_o treason_n be_v take_v away_o by_o sudden_a death_n on_o the_o 141_o day_n after_o his_o father_n decease_n which_o give_v great_a cause_n of_o grief_n to_o all_o the_o people_n of_o his_o realm_n not_o for_o his_o own_o sin_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suppose_v but_o because_o his_o father_n pro_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la confirmaâione_fw-la sanguine_v ãâã_d effudit_fw-la for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o his_o ringdom_n shed_v much_o blood_n for_o he_o 17._o come_v to_o the_o croân_n by_o the_o slaughter_n of_o king_n bernred_n foremention_v depose_v and_o slay_v by_o he_o for_o his_o usurpation_n tyranny_n and_o misgovernment_n than_o he_o invade_v and_o slay_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n alrick_n king_n of_o kent_n rout_z his_o force_n and_o reduce_v that_o kingdom_n under_o his_o own_o after_o this_o march_v from_o south_n to_o north_n even_o beyond_o humber_n he_o make_v havoc_n of_o all_o that_o stand_v in_o his_o way_n whence_o return_v in_o triumph_n he_o set_v upon_o the_o westsaxon_n and_o vanquish_v they_o force_v their_o king_n kenwolf_n to_o fly_v into_o wales_n to_o the_o briton_n for_o aid_n then_o enure_v into_o wales_n rout_v their_o king_n marmodius_n for_o break_v his_o truce_n make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o briton_n &_o after_o ten_o year_n prosperous_a war_n to_o conquer_v other_o return_v victorious_o into_o his_o own_o territory_n after_o his_o return_n thither_o to_o complete_a his_o bloody_a tragedy_n ethelbert_n king_n of_o east-angle_n come_v upon_o solemn_a invitation_n to_o his_o court_n in_o great_a state_n to_o marry_v his_o daughter_n be_v there_o treacherous_o murder_v by_o his_o wife_n quendreda_n solicitation_n and_o practice_n with_o his_o privity_n and_o consent_n who_o cause_v a_o deep_a pit_n to_o be_v dig_v in_o his_o bedchamber_n under_o his_o chair_n of_o state_n or_o bed_n into_o which_o he_o fall_v be_v there_o treacherous_o murder_v and_o his_o head_n âut_v off_o by_o gaymbertus_fw-la who_o present_v it_o all_o bloody_a to_o king_n offa_n who_o to_o colour_v the_o business_n seem_v to_o be_v sorrowful_a âor_a this_o murder_n shut_v himself_o up_o in_o his_o chamber_n
violence_n of_o the_o king_n they_o importune_v the_o archbishop_n that_o he_o will_v consent_v to_o the_o king_n will_v upon_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o king_n shall_v relinquish_v the_o difference_n which_o he_o have_v raise_v between_o the_o pope_n and_o archbishop_n by_o his_o messenger_n and_o shall_v restore_v to_o the_o say_a father_n all_o the_o power_n and_o dignity_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o say_v primate_fw-la see_v according_a to_o the_o authority_n which_o his_o predecessor_n most_o ample_o enjoy_v in_o former_a time_n but_o if_o the_o king_n can_v not_o do_v this_o that_o he_o shall_v then_o restore_v the_o money_n and_o land_n which_o he_o exact_v of_o the_o archbishop_n to_o he_o again_o upon_o this_o condition_n therefore_o the_o say_v reverend_a father_n give_v his_o assent_n but_o nothing_o of_o the_o aforesaid_a condition_n be_v perform_v for_o three_o whole_a year_n after_o the_o say_a agreement_n he_o remain_v deprive_v of_o the_o power_n which_o his_o predecessor_n and_o himself_o have_v before_o that_o difference_n over_o suthmenstre_n as_o well_o in_o pasture_n money_n vestment_n as_o obedience_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o metrapolitical_a see_n but_o after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n kenulf_n when_o beornulf_n reign_v the_o say_a archbishop_n wulfred_n invite_v abbess_n kenedrytha_n heir_n and_o daughter_n of_o king_n kenulf_n to_o the_o foresay_a council_n whither_o âhen_o she_o come_v the_o archbishop_n complain_v in_o the_o audience_n of_o all_o the_o council_n of_o the_o injury_n and_o trouble_n offer_v and_o do_v to_o he_o and_o to_o christ_n church_n by_o her_o father_n and_o require_v reparation_n from_o she_o if_o it_o be_v just_o then_o all_o the_o council_n find_v it_o to_o be_v justice_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la unanimi_fw-la consenâu_fw-la decreviâ_n and_o decree_v it_o by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n nota._n that_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o âer_o father_n have_v takân_v away_o from_o the_o archbishop_n she_o ought_v just_o to_o restore_v unto_o he_o and_o to_o give_v he_o so_o much_o âgâin_v for_o reparation_n and_o moreover_o shall_v restore_v all_o the_o use_n or_o profit_n the_o foresay_a father_n have_v lose_v in_o so_o long_a a_o space_n which_o she_o humble_o promise_v to_o do_v it_o seem_v good_a therefore_o to_o king_n beornulf_n with_o his_o wiseman_n for_o friendship_n sake_n most_o diligent_o to_o make_v a_o reconciliation_n and_o amends_o for_o the_o say_a land_n between_o the_o heir_n of_o king_n kenulf_n and_o the_o archbishop_n and_o because_o this_o please_v the_o king_n and_o he_o humble_o entreat_v it_o out_o of_o love_n and_o friendship_n to_o the_o king_n the_o archbishop_n conâented_v thereto_o âor_a âhe_n heir_n of_o the_o say_a king_n kenulf_n often_o desire_v to_o have_v the_o say_a father_n to_o be_v their_o patron_n and_o intercessor_n and_o they_o entreat_v he_o with_o humble_a devotion_n that_o for_o a_o full_a reconciliation_n he_o will_v receive_v in_o four_o place_n one_o hundred_o hide_n of_o land_n to_o wit_n herges_n and_o herford_v land_n wamdeloa_n and_o gedding_n then_o the_o archbishop_n for_o the_o love_n of_o god_n and_o the_o amiable_a friendship_n of_o beornulf_n consenred_n to_o this_o accord_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o foresay_a abbess_n shall_v deliver_v to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n the_o foresay_a land_n of_o one_o hundred_o hide_n with_o the_o book_n which_o the_o english_a call_n landâoâ_n and_o with_o the_o same_o liberty_n which_o he_o have_v before_o for_o a_o perpetual_a inheriânace_n whereupon_o king_n beornulf_n with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o whole_a council_n proclaim_v it_o to_o be_v altogether_o free_a but_o this_o agreement_n be_v not_o all_o this_o time_n ratify_v because_o after_o these_o thing_n the_o promise_n remain_v unfulfil_v for_o 12_o month_n for_o three_o hide_n or_o tenement_n of_o the_o foresay_a land_n be_v detain_v and_o the_o book_n of_o 47_o tenement_n to_o wit_n the_o book_n of_o bockland_n the_o book_n of_o wambelea_n and_o also_o the_o book_n of_o herfocd_a land_n but_o in_o the_o year_n follow_v she_o the_o say_a ahbess_n desire_v a_o conference_n with_o the_o foresay_a archbishop_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o wicii_fw-la at_o a_o place_n call_v ostaveshlen_n where_o he_o hold_v a_o council_n where_o when_o she_o have_v find_v the_o man_n of_o god_n she_o confess_v her_o folly_n in_o delay_v her_o former_a agreement_n upon_o which_o the_o archbishop_n with_o great_a sweetness_n show_v that_o he_o be_v altogether_o free_a from_o the_o foresay_a agreement_n and_o that_o of_o her_o part_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n want_v which_o she_o ought_v to_o have_v restore_v but_o she_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o councilâ_n great_o blush_v humble_o promise_v that_o she_o will_v restore_v all_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v want_v and_o with_o a_o willing_a mind_n restore_v to_o the_o archbishop_n the_o book_n of_o certain_a land_n which_o before_o she_o have_v not_o promise_v with_o the_o land_n adjudge_v to_o he_o as_o sir_n henry_n spelmans_fw-mi margin_n supply_v the_o defect_n in_o the_o same_o council_n she_o likewise_o add_v thereto_o a_o farm_n of_o 4_o tenement_n in_o heugam_n for_o his_o favour_n likewise_o she_o give_v to_o the_o archbishop_n 30_o hide_v land_n or_o tenement_n in_o cumbe_n with_o a_o book_n of_o the_o say_a land_n that_o a_o firm_a and_o stable_a friendship_n and_o accord_n may_v remain_v between_o all_o the_o heir_n of_o king_n kenulf_n and_o the_o archbishop_n to_o all_o which_o thing_n the_o archbishop_n give_v his_o consent_n upon_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o name_n of_o the_o afore_o say_v land_n shall_v be_v raze_v quite_o out_o of_o the_o ancient_a privilege_n which_o belong_v to_o wincelcumbe_v lest_o in_o after_o time_n some_o controversy_n shall_v be_v raise_v de_fw-fr hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la synodall_n authoritate_fw-la decretum_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la signo_fw-la crucis_fw-la firmatum_fw-la concern_v this_o which_o be_v end_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o council_n and_o confirm_v with_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o câoss_n by_o this_o and_o the_o precedent_a council_n of_o clovesho_n it_o be_v apdarent_a first_o that_o the_o injustice_n rapine_n and_o oppression_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n themselves_o be_v then_o examine_v and_o redress_v in_o and_o by_o our_o parliamentary_a council_n 2_o that_o tittle_n to_o land_n jurisdiction_n privilege_n unjust_o take_v from_o the_o church_n and_o other_o man_n by_o our_o king_n or_o other_o great_a person_n and_o complaint_n touch_v the_o same_o be_v usual_o hear_v determine_v and_o redress_v in_o the_o great_a parliamentary_a council_n of_o that_o age_n upon_o complaint_n make_v thereof_o and_o that_o to_o and_o before_o the_o whole_a council_n not_o to_o any_o private_a committee_n not_o then_o in_o use_n 3_o that_o restitution_n reparation_n and_o damage_n in_o such_o case_n be_v usual_o award_v in_o such_o parliamentary_a council_n not_o only_o against_o the_o king_n &_o party_n that_o do_v the_o wrong_n nota._n but_o likewise_o against_o their_o heir_n as_o here_o against_o abbess_n cenedritha_n daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o king_n kenulph_n after_o the_o decease_n of_o her_o father_n the_o tort_n feasor_n 4_o that_o the_o same_o cause_n and_o complaint_n be_v revive_v continue_a end_v in_o succeed_v that_o rest_v undecided_a and_o unrecompensed_a in_o former_a council_n 5_o that_o agreement_n exchange_n and_o judgement_n give_v upon_o complaint_n in_o parliamentary_a council_n be_v conclusive_a and_o final_a to_o the_o party_n and_o their_o heir_n 6_o that_o injury_n do_v by_o the_o power_n of_o our_o king_n or_o great_a man_n in_o one_o parliamentary_a council_n as_o in_o divide_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o canterbury_n etc._n etc._n be_v examine_v &_o redress_v by_o another_o subsequent_a council_n 7_o that_o parliamentary_a council_n in_o that_o age_n be_v very_o frequent_o hold_v at_o lest_o once_o or_o twice_o a_o year_n if_o not_o interrupt_v by_o war_n and_o that_o usual_o at_o clovesho_n according_a to_o the_o 334._o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o heartford_n under_o archbishop_n theodor_n that_o the_o bishop_n once_o a_o year_n shall_v assemble_v together_o in_o a_o council_n at_o clovesho_n as_o gervasius_n doroberniensis_n record_v there_o be_v 4_o council_n there_o and_o elsewhere_o hold_v in_o king_n beornulf_n 4_o year_n reign_n i_o find_v 335._o another_o council_n hold_v at_o clovesho_n in_o the_o year_n 824_o the_o 3._o of_o the_o calends_o of_o november_n under_o beornulf_n king_n of_o mercian_n and_o wulfred_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n where_o this_o king_n which_o all_o his_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o all_o the_o prince_n 6._o noble_n and_o many_o most_o wise_a man_n be_v assemble_v together_o among_o other_o business_n debate_v therein_o there_o be_v a_o suit_n between_o heabere_fw-la bishop_n of_o worcester_n and_o the_o nun_n of_o berclea_n concern_v the_o inheritance_n of_o aethelfrick_n son_n of_o aethelmund_n
she_o the_o less_o for_o it_o since_o her_o weakness_n be_v unable_a to_o resist_v the_o king_n power_n and_o vow_v by_o god_n assistance_n speedy_o to_o avenge_v himself_o &_o she_o of_o the_o king_n for_o this_o indignity_n whereupon_o be_v a_o noble_a and_o very_a potent_a man_n of_o great_a parentage_n he_o call_v all_o his_o kinsman_n and_o the_o chief_a noble_n of_o his_o family_n to_o he_o with_o all_o speed_n and_o acquaint_v they_o with_o this_o dishonour_n do_v to_o he_o by_o the_o king_n say_v he_o will_v by_o all_o mean_n be_v avenge_v thereof_o and_o by_o their_o counsel_n and_o consent_n they_o go_v all_o together_o to_o york_n to_o the_o king_n who_o when_o he_o see_v bruern_v call_v he_o courteous_o to_o he_o but_o he_o guard_v with_o his_o kindred_n and_o friend_n present_o defy_v the_o king_n resign_v up_o to_o he_o his_o homage_n fealty_n land_n and_o what_o ever_o he_o hold_v of_o he_o say_v that_o he_o will_v never_o hold_v any_o thing_n of_o he_o hereafter_o as_o of_o his_o lord_n and_o so_o without_o more_o word_n or_o great_a stay_n instant_o depart_v and_o take_v leave_n of_o his_o friend_n go_v speedy_o into_o denmark_n and_o complain_v to_o codrinus_n king_n thereof_o of_o the_o indignity_n do_v by_o king_n osbrith_n to_o he_o and_o his_o lady_n implore_v his_o aid_n and_o assistance_n speedy_o to_o revenge_v it_o he_o be_v extract_v out_o of_o his_o royal_a blood_n the_o king_n and_o dane_n hereupon_o be_v exceed_v glad_a that_o they_o have_v this_o induce_v cause_n to_o invade_v england_n present_o gather_v together_o a_o great_a army_n to_o revenge_v this_o injury_n do_v to_o bruern_n be_v of_o his_o blood_n appoint_v his_o two_o brother_n inguar_n and_o hubba_n most_o valiant_a soldier_n to_o be_v their_o general_n who_o provide_v ship_n and_o other_o necessary_n transport_v a_o innumerable_a army_n into_o england_n and_o land_v they_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n this_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o the_o dane_n at_o this_o time_n invade_v england_n in_o this_o manner_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o parent_n kindred_n and_o friend_n of_o bruern_n expel_v and_o reject_v king_n osbrith_n for_o this_o ânjury_n do_v to_o he_o and_o his_o lady_n 8_o refuse_v to_o hold_v their_o land_n of_o or_o to_o obey_v he_o any_o long_o as_o their_o sovereign_n and_o advance_v one_o ella_n to_o be_v king_n though_o none_o of_o the_o royal_a blood_n our_o other_o grafton_n historian_n who_o mention_v not_o this_o fact_n of_o osbrith_n and_o occasion_n of_o these_o dane_n arrival_n to_o revenge_v it_o write_z that_o the_o dane_n upon_o their_o land_n march_v to_o the_o city_n of_o york_n waste_v all_o the_o country_n before_o they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n unto_o tinmouth_n at_o that_o time_n they_o write_v by_o the_o devil_n instinct_n there_o be_v a_o very_a great_a discord_n raise_v between_o the_o northumberlander_n sicut_fw-la âemper_fw-la populo_fw-la qui_fw-la odium_fw-la incurrerit_fw-la evenire_fw-la solet_fw-la for_o the_o northumberlander_n at_o that_o time_n have_v expel_v their_o lawful_a king_n osbrith_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o advance_v one_o ella_n a_o tyrant_n not_o of_o the_o royal_a blood_n to_o the_o regal_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o division_n the_o dane_n take_v york_n run_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n fill_v all_o place_n with_o blood_n and_o grief_n waste_v and_o burn_v all_o the_o church_n and_o monastery_n far_o and_o near_o leave_v nothing_o stand_v but_o the_o wall_n and_o ruin_n of_o thom_n pillage_n depopulate_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a country_n in_o which_o great_a necessity_n and_o distress_n the_o northumberlander_n reconcile_n their_o two_o king_n osbrith_n and_o ella_n one_o to_o another_o gather_v a_o great_a army_n together_o against_o the_o dane_n which_o their_o two_o king_n and_o âight_a earl_n march_v with_o to_o york_n where_o ãâ¦ã_z long_o fight_v with_o various_a success_n both_o the_o say_a king_n with_o most_o of_o the_o northumberlander_n be_v all_o slainâ_n â_z aâril_n 11._o anno_fw-la 867._o the_o city_n of_o york_n consume_v with_o fire_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n make_v tributary_n to_o the_o dane_n 70._o simeon_n dunelmensis_n relate_v that_o both_o these_o king_n have_v violent_o &_o sacrilegious_o take_v away_o certain_a land_n from_o s._n cuthberts_n church_n in_o durham_n 4._o for_o osbrit_fw-mi have_v by_o a_o sacrilegious_a attempt_n take_v away_o wircewood_n and_o tillemouth_n and_o ella_n billingham_n heclif_n and_o wigeclif_n &_o creca_n from_o s._n cuthbert_n tandem_fw-la cum_fw-la maximâ_fw-la parte_fw-la suorum_fw-la ambo_fw-la praefati_fw-la reges_fw-la occubuerunt_fw-la &_o injurias_fw-la quas_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la sancti_fw-la cuthberti_fw-la aliquando_fw-la irrogaverant_fw-la vitâ_fw-la privati_fw-la &_o regno_fw-la persolverunt_fw-la which_o the_o author_n of_o the_o history_n of_o st._n cuthbert_n observe_v and_o record_n more_o large_o as_o a_o punishment_n of_o their_o sacrilegious_a rapine_n the_o dane_n hereupon_o make_v egbert_n king_n of_o northumberland_n as_o a_o tributary_n and_o viceroy_n under_o they_o sic_fw-la northumbria_n bellico_fw-la jure_fw-la obtenta_fw-la barbarorum_fw-la dominium_fw-la multo_fw-la post_fw-la tempore_fw-la pro_fw-la conscientiâ_fw-la libertatis_fw-la ingemuit_fw-la write_v malmesbury_n de_fw-fr gestis_fw-la regum_fw-la angliae_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 3._o p._n 42._o these_o rebellious_a northumberlander_n about_o 7_o year_n after_o 8._o uno_fw-la conspirantes_fw-la consilio_fw-la expel_v egbert_n the_o realm_n by_o unanimous_a consent_n together_o with_o archbishop_n wilfer_n make_v one_o richius_n king_n in_o his_o place_n the_o dane_n both_o then_o and_o long_o after_o possess_v and_o waste_v their_o country_n and_o slaughter_v they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n as_o the_o 57_o marginal_a historian_n record_v more_o than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o island_n by_o a_o just_a divine_a punishment_n for_o their_o manifold_a treason_n sedition_n faction_n rebellion_n against_o and_o murder_n of_o their_o sovereign_n 868._o in_o the_o year_n âthelred_n 868._o a_o great_a army_n of_o these_o victorious_a plunder_v dane_n march_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n to_o nottingham_n which_o they_o take_v and_o there_o winter_v whereupon_o beorred_a or_o brâthred_v king_n of_o mercian_n omnesque_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la gentis_fw-la optimates_fw-la and_o all_o the_o noble_n of_o that_o nation_n assemble_v together_o where_o the_o king_n consilium_fw-la habuit_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la comitibus_fw-la &_o comilitonibus_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la âiâi_fw-la subjecto_fw-la qualiter_fw-la inimicos_fw-la bellicâ_fw-la virtute_fw-la exuperaretâ_n sive_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la expelleret_fw-la hold_v a_o council_n with_o his_o earl_n and_o fellow_n soldier_n and_o all_o the_o people_n subject_n to_o he_o 9_o how_o he_o may_v vanquish_v these_o enemy_n with_o military_a power_n or_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o realm_n by_o who_o advice_n he_o send_v messenger_n to_o ethelâed_a king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n and_o to_o his_o brother_n elfrid_n humble_o request_v they_o that_o they_o will_v assist_v and_o join_v with_o he_o against_o the_o danish_a army_n which_o they_o easy_o condescen_v to_o gather_v a_o very_a great_a army_n together_o out_o of_o all_o part_n and_o join_v all_o together_o with_o beorred_a and_o his_o force_n march_v to_o nottingham_n unanimous_o with_o a_o a_o resolution_n to_o give_v the_o dane_n battle_n who_o shelter_v themselves_o under_o the_o work_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o town_n refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o they_o whereupon_o they_o besiege_v they_o in_o the_o town_n but_o be_v unable_a to_o break_v the_o wall_n they_o conclude_v a_o peace_n at_o last_o with_o the_o dane_n upon_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v relinquish_v the_o town_n and_o march_v back_o again_o inâo_o northumberland_n which_o they_o do_v where_o their_o army_n continue_v the_o whole_a year_n follow_v in_o &_o about_o york_n debacchaâs_n &_o insaniens_fw-la occidens_fw-la &_o perdens_fw-la perolurimos_fw-la viros_fw-la &_o muliâres_fw-la 864._o abbot_n ingulphus_n record_v that_o during_o the_o siege_n of_o nottingham_n king_n beor_v as_o he_o style_v he_o at_o the_o request_n of_o earl_n algar_n the_o young_a who_o be_v veây_o gracious_a with_o he_o and_o the_o other_o king_n causâ_fw-la suae_fw-la nobilis_fw-la militiae_fw-la grant_v a_o charter_n of_o confirmation_n not_o only_o of_o all_o the_o land_n advowsons_n possession_n 10.1_o which_o this_o earl_n with_o other_o particular_a person_n and_o king_n have_v give_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n but_o likewise_o of_o all_o their_o former_a privilege_n confirm_v all_o their_o land_n marsh_n church_n chapel_n manor_n mansion_n cottage_n wood_n land_n meadow_n therein_o specify_v to_o god_n and_o saint_n guthlac_n for_o ever_o libera_n &_o soluta_fw-la &_o emancipata_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la onere_fw-la âerreno_fw-la &_o servitio_fw-la seculari_fw-la in_o eleemâsynam_n aeternam_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la possidendam_fw-la which_o charter_n have_v ââis_o memorable_a exordium_n express_v the_o motive_n
induce_v this_o king_n to_o grant_v it_o beorredus_fw-la laâgiente_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la rex_fw-la merciorum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la provinciis_fw-la &_o populis_fw-la earum_fw-la universam_fw-la merciam_fw-la inhabitantibus_fw-la &_o fidem_fw-la catholicam_fw-la conservantibus_fw-la salutem_fw-la sempiternam_fw-la in_fw-la domino_fw-la nostro_fw-la jesus_n christo._n quoniam_fw-la peccatis_fw-la nostris_fw-la exigentibus_fw-la manum_fw-la domini_fw-la super_fw-la nos_fw-la extensum_fw-la quotidiè_fw-la cum_fw-la virgâ_fw-la ferreâ_fw-la cernimus_fw-la cervicibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la imminere_fw-la necessarium_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o salubre_fw-la arbitror_fw-la piis_fw-la sanctae_fw-la matris_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la precibus_fw-la eleemosynarumque_fw-la liberis_fw-la largitionibus_fw-la iratum_fw-la dominum_fw-la placatum_fw-la reddere_fw-la et_fw-la dignis_fw-la devotionibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la gratiam_fw-la in_o nostris_fw-la necessitaâibus_fw-la auxiliariam_fw-la imploraâe_fw-la ideoque_fw-la et_fw-la ad_fw-la petitionem_fw-la strenâi_fw-la comitis_fw-la mihi_fw-la meritoque_fw-la dilectissimi_fw-la concessi_fw-la regio_fw-la chirographo_fw-la meo_fw-la theodoro_n abbati_n croyland_n tam_fw-la donum_fw-la dicti_fw-la comitis_fw-la algari_fw-la quam_fw-la dona_fw-la aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la praeterit_fw-la orum_fw-la ac_fw-la praesentium_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o it_o conclude_v thus_o istud_fw-la regium_fw-la chirographum_fw-la meum_fw-la anno_fw-la incarnationis_fw-la domini_fw-la nostri_fw-la jesus_n christi_fw-la 868._o calendis_fw-la augusti_fw-la apud_fw-la snothingham_n coram_fw-la fratribus_fw-la &_o amiciss_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la meo_fw-la in_o obsidione_fw-la paganorum_fw-la congregatis_fw-la sanctae_fw-la crucis_fw-la munimine_fw-la confirmaviâ_n then_o follow_v the_o subscription_n and_o confirmation_n of_o ceolnoth_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n 5_o bishop_n 3_o abbot_n ethelred_n king_n of_o westsaxon_n and_o alfred_n his_o brother_n edmund_z king_n of_o east-angle_n 2_o duke_n and_o twelve_o earl_n who_o all_o ratify_v this_o charter_n after_o which_o charter_n confirm_v this_o king_n beor_v render_v special_a thanks_o to_o all_o his_o army_n for_o their_o assistance_n against_o the_o dane_n especial_o to_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o inferior_a ecclesiastical_a person_n for_o their_o voluntary_a assistance_n of_o he_o in_o those_o war_n against_o these_o enemy_n norwithstand_v his_o father_n exemption_n of_o they_o by_o his_o charter_n from_o all_o military_a expedition_n and_o secular_a service_n thus_o record_v by_o 865._o ingulphus_n and_o most_o worthy_a observation_n ego_fw-la beorredus_fw-la rex_fw-la merciorum_fw-la intimo_fw-la animi_fw-la affectu_fw-la totisque_fw-la praecordiis_fw-la gratias_fw-la exolvo_fw-la speciales_fw-la omni_fw-la exercitui_fw-la meo_fw-la maximè_fw-la tamen_fw-la viris_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la &_o abbatibus_fw-la aliis_fw-la etiam_fw-la inferioribus_fw-la status_fw-la &_o dignitatis_fw-la 8._o qui_fw-la licèt_fw-la piissimae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la rex_fw-la quondam_a eâhelwulfus_n pater_fw-la meus_fw-la per_fw-la sacratisâimam_fw-la chartam_fw-la svam_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la expeditione_n militari_fw-la vos_fw-la liberos_fw-la reddiderit_fw-la &_o ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la penitus_fw-la absolutos_fw-la dignisââma_fw-la tamen_fw-la miseratione_n super_fw-la oppressiones_fw-la christianae_n plebis_fw-la ecclesiarumque_fw-la &_o monasteriorum_fw-la destructiones_fw-la luctuosas_fw-la benignissimè_fw-la compassi_fw-la contra_fw-la nefandissimos_fw-la paganos_fw-la in_o exercitum_fw-la domini_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o spontanei_fw-la convenistis_fw-la ut_fw-la tanquam_fw-la martyr_n christi_fw-la cultus_fw-la sanguine_fw-la vestro_fw-la augeatur_fw-la &_o barbarorum_fw-la superstitiosa_fw-la crudelitas_fw-la effugetur_fw-la from_o these_o last_o passage_n it_o be_v apparent_a first_o that_o in_o those_o day_n our_o saxon_a king_n make_v war_n and_o peace_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o their_o noble_n and_o parliamentary_a great_a council_n 2_o that_o in_o case_n of_o common_a invasion_n and_o danger_n by_o foreign_a enemy_n all_o the_o force_n raise_v and_o way_n and_o mean_n to_o resist_v they_o be_v conclude_v on_o by_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o these_o great_a council_n and_o not_o by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n 3_o that_o all_o or_o most_o churchman_n and_o their_o church-land_n in_o those_o day_n be_v absolute_o free_v and_o discharge_v from_o all_o military_a expedition_n contribution_n aid_n and_o assistance_n against_o enemy_n by_o express_a charter_n but_o only_o such_o as_o themselves_o voluntary_o anââreely_o contribute_v in_o case_n of_o incumbent_n great_a danger_n and_o necessity_n without_o compulsion_n for_o which_o their_o king_n render_v they_o special_a and_o hearty_a thanks_o acknowledge_v and_o confirm_v these_o their_o immunity_n not_o violate_v they_o upon_o such_o necessity_n as_o this_o notable_a passage_n of_o ingulphus_n atte_v together_o with_o that_o of_o 37._o mat._n west_n an._n 867._o concern_v alstan_n bishop_n of_o sherborne_n a_o man_n of_o very_o great_a power_n and_o counsel_n in_o the_o realm_n contra_fw-la danos_n quoque_fw-la qui_fw-la tunc_fw-la primò_fw-la insulam_fw-la infestabant_fw-la regis_fw-la aethelulfi_n saevitiam_fw-la exacuit_fw-la ipse_fw-la ex_fw-la fisco_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la accipiens_fw-la 1.3_o ipse_fw-la excercitum_fw-la componens_fw-la martiis_fw-la felix_fw-la eventibus_fw-la contra_fw-la host_n bella_fw-la plurima_fw-la constant_a peregit_fw-la receive_v money_n out_o of_o the_o king_n exchequer_n not_o the_o people_n purse_n or_o contribution_n to_o manage_v these_o war_n and_o not_o war_a on_o his_o own_o expense_n 4_o that_o the_o noble_n gentry_z and_o people_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v the_o only_a stand_a militââ_n in_o that_o age_n to_o defend_v it_o against_o foreign_a enemy_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n or_o actual_a invasion_n when_o they_o march_v out_o of_o their_o own_o county_n against_o they_o voluntary_o and_o free_o adventure_v their_o life_n for_o defence_n of_o their_o king_n country_n religion_n liberty_n property_n as_o they_o do_v at_o this_o siege_n of_o nottingham_n and_o during_o all_o the_o long-lasting_a danish_a war_n invasion_n and_o depredation_n both_o by_o land_n and_o sea_n 5_o that_o our_o christian_a king_n nobles_z and_o great_a council_n of_o those_o day_n in_o time_n of_o great_a danger_n invasion_n and_o war_n hold_v it_o most_o seasonable_a and_o necessary_a to_o confirm_v and_o enlarge_v the_o church_n patrimony_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n thereby_o to_o stir_v up_o their_o clergyman_n more_o earnest_o to_o assist_v they_o with_o their_o prayer_n 870._o not_o to_o diminish_v invade_v or_o infringe_v they_o under_o pretext_n of_o real_a inevitable_a necessity_n and_o danger_n the_o practice_n of_o late_a and_o present_a time_n whereupon_o they_o grant_v and_o confirm_v this_o forecited_a charter_n in_o the_o very_a army_n during_o the_o siege_n of_o nottingham_n before_o all_o the_o king_n prince_n prelate_n duke_n earls_z and_o people_n there_o present_a 870._o in_o the_o year_n 870._o inguar_n and_o hubba_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o dane_n come_v into_o kesteven_n in_o lincolnshire_n waste_v and_o slay_v all_o the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n thereupon_o earl_n algarus_fw-la osgot_v sheriff_n of_o lincoln_n and_o all_o the_o gentry_n and_o people_n in_o those_o part_n with_o the_o band_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n under_o the_o command_n of_o toââus_n a_o monk_n former_o a_o soldier_n consist_v of_o 200_o stout_a man_n most_o of_o they_o fugitive_n thither_o for_o sanctuary_n unite_n all_o their_o force_n together_o in_o kesteven_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n maurice_n fight_v with_o the_o dane_n and_o slay_v 3_o of_o their_o king_n with_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o their_o force_n that_o night_n the_o other_o danish_a king_n disperse_v abroad_o to_o pillage_v the_o country_n with_o a_o great_a booty_n &_o many_o captain_n come_v to_o the_o tent_n of_o their_o rout_v companion_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n be_v enrage_v with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o their_o confederate_n in_o their_o absence_n whereupon_o most_o of_o the_o english_a secret_o flee_v away_o from_o the_o earl_n and_o their_o captain_n in_o the_o night_n through_o fear_n who_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n have_v hear_v divine_a office_n and_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n resolve_v not_o to_o retreat_v but_o manful_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o dane_n though_o not_o above_o 700_o to_o their_o many_o thousand_o be_v most_o ready_a to_o die_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o faith_n of_o christ_n and_o of_o their_o country_n whereupon_o the_o dane_n assail_a they_o with_o great_a multitude_n and_o fury_n they_o all_o stand_v and_o fight_v close_o together_o valiant_o sustain_v their_o assault_n from_o morning_n till_o evening_n without_o give_v ground_n upon_o which_o the_o dane_n to_o sever_v they_o purposely_o feign_v a_o flight_n and_o begin_v to_o leave_v the_o fieldâ_n hereupon_o the_o english_a contrary_a to_o the_o command_n of_o their_o captain_n dissolve_v their_o rank_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o to_o pursue_v the_o dane_n they_o sudden_o return_v and_o slay_v most_o of_o the_o english_a who_o fight_v gallant_o with_o they_o to_o the_o last_o gasp_n some_o few_o of_o they_o only_o escape_v after_o which_o the_o dane_n march_v to_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n put_v the_o abbot_n with_o all_o the_o monk_n and_o person_n they_o there_o find_v one_o child_n except_v to_o the_o sword_n after_o they_o have_v extreme_o
torture_v they_o to_o discover_v where_o their_o treasure_n be_v break_v up_o all_o the_o tomb_n pillage_v and_o burn_v the_o abbey_n with_o all_o the_o edifice_n thereof_o leave_v it_o a_o mere_a ruinous_a heap_n then_o march_v on_o lay_v all_o the_o country_n waste_v before_o they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n spare_v neither_o person_n age_n nor_o sex_n they_o cast_v down_o burn_v destroy_v and_o level_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o goodly_a monastery_n of_o bradney_n peterborough_n huntingdon_n ely_n with_o sundry_a other_o murder_v as_o well_o all_o the_o monk_n as_o nun_n therein_o which_o their_o merciless_a sword_n after_o they_o have_v first_o pollute_v they_o to_o avoid_v who_o barbarous_a rape_n 383._o ebba_n abbess_n of_o coldingham_n and_o her_o nun_n by_o her_o example_n and_o persuasion_n cut_v off_o their_o upper_a lip_n and_o nose_n to_o deform_v themselves_o to_o their_o lascivious_a eye_n which_o bloody_a spectacle_n preserve_v their_o chastity_n from_o their_o lust_n but_o not_o their_o monastery_n or_o body_n from_o their_o cruelty_n they_o burn_v they_o and_o their_o nunnery_n to_o ash_n 870._o 2.4_o after_o which_o the_o same_o year_n inguar_n and_o hubba_n march_v against_o st._n edmund_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 855._o be_v choose_v king_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regionis_fw-la illius_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la et_fw-la populis_fw-la by_o all_o the_o nobless_a and_o people_n of_o that_o realm_n be_v spring_v from_o the_o ancient_a royal_a blood_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o compel_v to_o take_v the_o government_n on_o he_o much_o against_o his_o will_n be_v then_o but_o 13_o year_n old_a and_o consecrate_a king_n by_o bishop_n humbert_n in_o the_o royal_a town_n call_v bury_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o malice_n to_o this_o king_n as_o some_o of_o our_o historian_n write_v be_v this_o that_o he_o be_v malicious_o accuse_v to_o have_v murder_v their_o father_n lothbroc_n drive_v by_o a_o sudden_a storm_n in_o a_o small_a boat_n into_o england_n as_o he_o be_v hawk_v at_o fowl_n by_o this_o king_n faulkoner_n who_o have_v murder_v himself_o out_o of_o mere_a malice_n be_v by_o judgement_n of_o the_o knight_n and_o lawyer_n banish_v the_o realm_n and_o put_v alone_o into_o lothbrocs_n boat_n without_o oâre_n or_o sail_n for_o murder_v he_o and_o so_o send_v to_o sea_n be_v drive_v in_o it_o into_o denmark_n to_o excuse_v himself_o he_o malicious_o accuse_v the_o king_n of_o this_o murder_n to_o these_o his_o son_n who_o thereupon_o invade_v england_n with_o a_o army_n to_o revenge_v their_o father_n death_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o they_o at_o this_o time_n so_o extraordinary_o prevail_v aâd_v overrun_v the_o land_n be_v the_o civil_a discord_n war_n and_o emulation_n among_o the_o saxon_a king_n who_o either_o out_o of_o malice_n or_o ambition_n to_o advance_v their_o own_o dominion_n or_o base_a unworthy_a fear_n will_v rather_o induce_v these_o common_a enemy_n to_o overrun_v they_o than_o assist_v one_o another_o against_o they_o which_o 42._o william_n of_o malmesburie_n thus_o express_v meminerit_fw-la interea_fw-la lector_n quod_fw-la interim_n reges_fw-la merciorum_fw-la et_fw-la northanimbrorum_fw-la captata_fw-la occasione_n âdventus_fw-la danorum_fw-la quorum_fw-la bellis_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la iâsudabat_fw-la a_o servitio_fw-la west-saxonum_n respirantes_fw-la dominaâionem_fw-la svam_fw-la penè_fw-la asseruerant_fw-la ardebant_fw-la ergo_fw-la cunctae_fw-la saevis_fw-la popularibus_fw-la provinciae_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la regum_fw-la inimicos_fw-la magis_fw-la in_o suis_fw-la sedibus_fw-la sustinere_fw-la quam_fw-la compatrioâis_fw-la laborantibus_fw-la opem_fw-la porrigere_fw-la curabat_fw-la ita_fw-la dum_fw-la maluit_fw-la vindicare_fw-la quam_fw-la praevenire_fw-la injuriam_fw-la socordiâ_fw-la suâ_fw-la exanguem_fw-la reddiderunt_fw-la patriam_fw-la dani_n sine_fw-la obstaculo_fw-la succressere_fw-la dum_fw-la et_fw-la provincialibus_fw-la timor_fw-la incresceret_fw-la et_fw-la proxima_fw-la quaeq_fw-la victoria_fw-la per_fw-la additamentum_fw-la captiâorum_fw-la instrumentum_fw-la sequentis_fw-la fieret_fw-la etc._n etc._n northanimbri_n jamdudâm_fw-la civilibus_fw-la dissentionibus_fw-la âluctuantes_n adventante_fw-la host_n correxerunt_fw-la discordiam_fw-la itaque_fw-la osbirthum_fw-la regem_fw-la quem_fw-la expulerant_fw-la in_fw-la solium_fw-la reformaâtes_fw-la magnosque_fw-la moliti_fw-la paratus_fw-la obviam_fw-la procâdunt_fw-la sed_fw-la facilè_fw-la pulsi_fw-la infra_fw-la urbem_fw-la eboracum_n se_fw-la includunt_fw-la quâ_fw-la mox_fw-la à _fw-la victoribus_fw-la succensâ_fw-la cum_fw-la laxos_fw-la crines_fw-la effusior_fw-la flamma_fw-la produceret_fw-la tota_fw-la depascens_fw-la maenia_fw-la ipsi_fw-la quoque_fw-la conflagrati_fw-la patriam_fw-la ossibus_fw-la texêre_fw-la suis_fw-la mercii_n non_fw-la semel_fw-la obtriti_fw-la obsidatu_fw-la miserias_fw-la svas_fw-la levaverunt_fw-la at_o vero_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la multis_fw-la laboribus_fw-la infractus_fw-la obiit_fw-la orientalium_fw-la anglorum_fw-la pagi_fw-la cum_fw-la urbibus_fw-la et_fw-la vicis_fw-la à _fw-la praedonibus_fw-la possessi_fw-la rex_fw-la eorum_fw-la sanctus_fw-la edmundus_n ab_fw-la eisdem_fw-la interemptust_fw-la anno_fw-la dominicae_fw-la incarnationis_fw-la 870._o 12_o calendas_fw-la decembris_fw-la temporaneae_fw-la mortis_fw-la compendio_fw-la regnum_fw-la emit_fw-la aeternum_fw-la the_o manner_n of_o king_n edmund_n martyrdom_n 3._o historian_n thus_o relate_v an._n 870._o hinguar_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n invade_v king_n edmund_n realm_n with_o a_o great_a power_n send_v a_o messenger_n to_o king_n edmund_n to_o demand_v the_o half_a of_o his_o treasure_n and_o wealth_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v hold_v his_o realm_n under_o he_o threaten_v otherwise_o to_o waste_v his_o kingdom_n and_o extirpate_v he_o and_o his_o people_n sed_fw-la nimis_fw-la fraudulentèr_fw-la hinguar_n thesauros_fw-la exigebat_fw-la qui_fw-la clementissimi_fw-la regis_fw-la caput_fw-la potius_fw-la quam_fw-la pecuntas_fw-la sitiebat_fw-la write_v 370._o matthew_n westminster_n where_o upon_o bishop_n humbeât_n advise_v he_o to_o fly_v ârom_o the_o dane_n who_o approach_v with_o their_o force_n towards_o he_o to_o save_v his_o life_n the_o king_n wisheâ_n will_v to_o god_n that_o i_o may_v preserve_v the_o life_n of_o my_o subject_n for_o who_o i_o desire_v to_o lay_v down_o my_o life_n for_o this_o be_v my_o chief_a wish_n that_o i_o may_v not_o survive_v my_o faithful_a subject_n and_o most_o dear_a friend_n which_o this_o cruâl_a pirate_n have_v thievish_o slay_v neither_o will_v i_o stain_v my_o glory_n by_o slâght_n who_o never_o yet_o sustain_v the_o reproach_n of_o waâre_n the_o heavenly_a king_n also_o be_v my_o witness_n that_o no_o fear_n of_o the_o barbarian_n shall_v separate_v i_o from_o the_o love_n of_o christ_n whether_o live_v or_o dead_a then_o turn_v to_o the_o messenger_n of_o hinguar_n he_o say_v thou_o be_v worthy_a to_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n of_o death_n be_v wât_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o my_o people_n but_o imitate_v the_o example_n of_o my_o christ_n if_o it_o shall_v so_o happen_v i_o be_o not_o afraid_a willing_o to_o die_v for_o they_o return_v therefore_o speedy_o to_o thy_o master_n and_o carry_v my_o answer_n to_o he_o although_o thou_o take_v away_o my_o treasure_n and_o riches_n whiâh_v the_o divine_a clemency_n have_v give_v i_o by_o thy_o power_n yet_o thou_o shall_v never_o subject_v i_o to_o thy_o infidelity_n for_o it_o be_v a_o honest_a thing_n to_o defend_v perpetual_a liberty_n together_o with_o purity_n of_o religion_n for_o which_o also_o if_o there_o be_v need_n we_o think_v it_o not_o unprofitable_a to_o die_v therefore_o as_o thy_o proud_a cruâlây_n have_v begin_v after_o the_o servant_n slaughter_n cut_v thou_o the_o king_n throatâ_n because_o the_o king_n of_o king_n see_v these_o thing_n 8._o will_v translate_v i_o into_o heaven_n there_o to_o reign_v eternal_o the_o messenger_n depart_v the_o king_n command_v his_o soldier_n to_o run_v to_o their_o arm_n aâfirmingâ_n that_o it_o be_v a_o worthy_a thing_n to_o fight_v both_o for_o their_o faith_n and_o country_n nota._n leât_v they_o shall_v prove_v deserver_n of_o their_o realm_n and_o betrayer_n of_o the_o people_n and_o be_v encourage_v by_o bishop_n humbert_n his_o noble_n and_o fellow_n soldier_n he_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n and_o near_o thedford_n fight_v a_o bloody_a battle_n with_o the_o dane_n from_o morning_n to_o night_n the_o place_n be_v all_o die_v red_a with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o slay_v aâ_n which_o grievoâââight_a king_n edmund_n be_v much_o grieve_v not_o only_o for_o the_o great_a slaughter_n of_o his_o own_o soldier_n âightâing_v for_o their_o country_n &_o native_a liberty_n &_o the_o faith_n of_o jesus_n christ_n &_o so_o already_o ârouned_v with_o martyrdom_n but_o likewise_o for_o the_o death_n of_o the_o barbarous_a infidel_n send_v down_o to_o hell_n in_o great_a number_n which_o he_o overmuch_o lament_v after_o which_o battle_n retire_v to_o hegelsdun_n with_o his_o force_n that_o be_v leave_v he_o immutable_o resolve_v in_o his_o mind_n never_o to_o fight_v battle_n with_o the_o enemy_n more_o say_v only_o this_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o alone_o shall_v die_v for_o the_o people_n and_o not_o the_o whole_a nation_n perish_v soon_o after_o hinguars_n army_n be_v recrute_v by_o the_o access_n of_o hubba_n to_o
and_o other_o officer_n nor_o burden_v with_o unjust_a exaction_n or_o contribution_n yea_o by_o his_o large_a aâmes_n and_o giââs_v he_o âent_v to_o romeâ_n â_z 1_o he_o procure_v the_o english_a school_n to_o be_v free_v from_o all_o tax_n and_o tribute_n by_o the_o pope_n special_a bull._n and_o we_o never_o read_v he_o impose_v the_o least_o public_a tax_n upon_o his_o subject_n during_o all_o his_o war_n and_o exigence_n by_o his_o own_o regal_a power_n upon_o any_o pretext_n of_o public_a necessity_n danger_n defence_n or_o safety_n of_o the_o realm_n against_o the_o numerous_a invade_v plunder_v danish_a force_n both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n which_o our_o late_a and_o present_a egyptian_a tax-master_n may_v do_v well_o to_o consider_v 894._o 23._o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 894._o this_o king_n alfred_n and_o guthurn_n the_o dane_n give_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n cuthbert_n in_o durham_n all_o the_o land_n between_o weor_n and_o tyne_n for_o a_o perpetual_a succession_n free_a from_o all_o custom_n and_o secular_a service_n 10._o with_o all_o custom_n saca_n and_o socua_n and_o infaugtheof_o thereunto_o belong_v with_o sundry_a other_o privilege_n which_o they_o ordain_v to_o be_v perpetual_o observe_v non_fw-la solum_fw-la anglorum_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la danorum_fw-la consentiente_fw-la et_fw-la collaudante_fw-la exercitu_fw-la by_o the_o consent_n and_o approbation_n of_o the_o army_n not_o only_o of_o the_o english_a but_o dane_n also_o have_v leges_fw-la &_o haec_fw-la statuta_fw-la which_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o parliamentary_a counsel_n then_o hold_v in_o both_o their_o army_n quicunque_fw-la quolibet_fw-la nisu_fw-la infringere_fw-la praesumpserint_fw-la eos_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la nisi_fw-la emendaverint_fw-la gehennae_fw-la ignibus_fw-la puniendos_fw-la anathematizando_fw-la sententia_fw-la omnium_fw-la contradidit_fw-la i_o pretermit_v the_o 387._o welsh_a synod_n hold_v under_o the_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n during_o king_n alfred_n reign_v as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n conjectureâ_n in_o who_o thâ_n reader_n may_v peruse_v they_o wherein_o the_o bishop_n of_o landaff_n and_o his_o clergy_n excommunicate_v some_o of_o their_o petty_a welsh_a king_n for_o murder_n perjury_n violate_v the_o church_n patrimony_n and_o injure_v the_o bishop_n family_n who_o upon_o their_o repentance_n and_o reconciliation_n give_v all_o of_o they_o some_o parcel_n of_o land_n to_o the_o church_n of_o landaff_n the_o rather_o because_o i_o conceive_v they_o fabulous_a there_o be_v no_o such_o form_n of_o excommunication_n use_v in_o those_o day_n as_o 3â0_n sir_n henry_n spelman_n prove_v nor_o any_o such_o episcopal_a synod_n hold_v in_o england_n under_o king_n alfred_n himself_o the_o barbarous_a dane_n have_v throughout_o all_o england_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n utter_o waste_v and_o destroy_v all_o city_n town_n castle_n monastery_n church_n put_v most_o of_o the_o bishop_n abbot_n clergy_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o almost_o quite_o delete_v the_o knowledge_n of_o learning_n and_o religion_n out_o of_o the_o whole_a nation_n insomuch_o that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o spiritual_a person_n on_o this_o side_n humber_n who_o can_v either_o understand_v the_o common_a prayer_n in_o the_o english_a tongue_n or_o translate_v any_o writing_n out_o of_o latin_a into_o english_a yea_o so_o few_o that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o one_o man_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o thames_n that_o can_v do_v it_o till_o king_n alfred_n after_o his_o conquest_n of_o the_o dane_n in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n restore_v learn_v and_o religion_n âgain_o by_o degree_n as_o this_o king_n himself_o record_v in_o express_a term_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o bishop_n wulsug_n by_o way_n of_o preface_n to_o his_o own_o translation_n of_o gregory_n pastoral_n into_o the_o english_a saxon_n language_n king_n alfred_n decease_a his_o son_n edward_n surname_v the_o elder_a 901._o 925._o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 901_o thereupon_o prince_n aethelwald_n his_o uncle_n son_n aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n and_o noble_n of_o the_o realm_n seize_v upon_o oxlie_n and_o winburne_n whereupon_o king_n edward_n march_v with_o his_o army_n against_o he_o to_o bath_n he_o flee_v from_o winburne_n to_o the_o dane_n in_o northumberland_n for_o assistance_n who_o be_v glad_a thereof_o they_o all_o make_v he_o king_n and_o prince_n over_o all_o their_o king_n and_o captain_n whereupon_o they_o invade_v essex_n and_o mercia_n king_n ed._n raise_v a_o great_a army_n chase_v they_o into_o northumberland_n and_o harrow_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o the_o lake_n of_o northumberland_n where_o the_o kentishman_n remain_v contrary_a to_o the_o king_n command_n and_o messenger_n send_v to_o they_o after_o the_o retreat_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n the_o danish_a army_n upon_o this_o advantage_n set_v upon_o they_o they_o gallant_o defend_v themselves_o slay_v their_o new_a king_n aethelwald_n with_o king_n eorit_n and_o sundry_a of_o their_o chief_a commander_n and_o many_o of_o their_o soldier_n though_o they_o lose_v the_o field_n this_o king_n and_o edelfle_v his_o sister_n queen_n of_o mercian_n to_o prevent_v the_o frequent_a eruption_n plunder_v the_o dane_n repair_v many_o old_a ruinate_a town_n and_o build_v many_o new_a one_o in_o convenient_a place_n which_o they_o replenish_v with_o soldier_n to_o protect_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o repel_v the_o enemy_n whereby_o the_o common_a people_n weâe_v so_o encourage_v and_o become_v such_o good_a soldier_n that_o if_o they_o hear_v of_o the_o enemy_n approach_n they_o will_v fight_v and_o rout_n they_o rege_fw-la etiam_fw-la &_o ducibus_fw-la inconsultis_fw-la in_o certamen_fw-la ruerent_fw-la 3_o eisque_fw-la semper_fw-la numero_fw-la &_o scientia_fw-la praeliandi_fw-la praeââarent_fw-la it_o a_o host_n contempâni_fw-la militibus_fw-la regi_fw-la risui_fw-la erant_fw-la as_o malmesbury_n write_v the_o country_n people_n themselves_o sight_v with_o the_o dane_n at_o ligetune_n put_v they_o to_o flight_n recover_v all_o the_o prey_n they_o have_v takend_v and_o likewise_o the_o dane_n horse_n as_o they_o likewise_o do_v in_o some_o other_o part_n among_o other_o place_n this_o king_n repair_v the_o wall_n of_o colchester_n put_v warlike_a man_n in_o it_o &_o certum_fw-la eye_v stipendium_fw-la assignavit_fw-la and_o assign_v they_o a_o certain_a stipend_n as_o matâ_n westm._n record_v neither_o he_o nor_o other_o our_o historian_n make_v mention_n of_o assign_a wage_n to_o any_o other_o garrison_n or_o soldier_n in_o that_o age_n at_o last_o the_o dane_n in_o most_o place_n throughout_o england_n perceive_v king_n edward_n power_n and_o wisdom_n submit_v themselves_o unto_o he_o elect_v he_o for_o their_o king_n and_o patâon_n and_o swear_v homage_n and_o fealty_n to_o he_o as_o likewise_o do_v the_o king_n of_o scotland_n northumberland_n and_o wales_n 905._o in_o the_o year_n of_o grace_n 905._o this_o 5._o king_n edward_n assemble_v a_o synod_n of_o the_o senator_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n as_o malmesbury_n or_o a_o great_a council_n of_o bishop_n abbot_n and_o faithful_a people_n as_o matthew_n westminster_n and_o other_o sâile_v it_o in_o the_o province_n of_o the_o gewisii_fw-la which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o enemy_n incursion_n have_v be_v destitute_a of_o a_o bishop_n for_o 7_o year_n space_n whereupon_o the_o king_n and_o bishop_n in_o this_o council_n take_v good_a advice_n make_v this_o wholesome_a constitution_n that_o instead_o of_o 2_o bishop_n whereof_o one_o have_v his_o sea_n at_o winchester_n the_o other_o at_o schireburn_n 5_o bishop_n shall_v be_v create_v ne_o grex_n domini_fw-la absque_fw-la cura_fw-la pastorali_fw-la luporum_fw-la incursionibus_fw-la quateretur_fw-la whereupon_o they_o in_o this_o council_n elect_v 5_o bishop_n to_o wit_n frithstan_n for_o winchester_n athelin_n for_o schireburn_n aedulâe_v for_o well_n werstan_n for_o crideton_n and_o herstan_n for_o cornwall_n assign_v they_o their_o several_a see_v and_o diocese_n and_o two_o other_o âishops_n âor_a dorchester_n and_o cirencester_n all_o consecrate_a by_o archbishop_n plegmond_n at_o cânterbury_n in_o one_o day_n wil._n of_o malmesb._n and_o some_o other_o write_v that_o this_o council_n be_v summon_v upon_o the_o letter_n of_o pope_n formosus_fw-la 6._o who_o excommunicate_v king_n edward_n with_o all_o his_o subject_n for_o suffer_v the_o bishopric_n of_o winton_n and_o scireburn_n to_o be_v void_a for_o 7_o year_n space_n together_o but_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o great_a mistake_n since_o pope_n formosus_fw-la be_v dead_a ten_o year_n before_o this_o council_n and_o before_o these_o bishopric_n become_v void_a and_o his_o pretend_a epistle_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n make_v no_o mention_n at_o all_o of_o the_o king_n as_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n well_o observe_v in_o the_o year_n 906._o 921._o 921._o king_n edward_n make_v a_o peace_n and_o firm_a agreement_n with_o the_o dane_n of_o northumberland_n and_o east-england_n at_o intingford_n when_o as_o some_o think_v he_o and_o
confidimus_fw-la quod_fw-la pax_fw-la nostra_fw-la melior_fw-la erit_fw-la quam_fw-la antea_fw-la fuit_fw-la as_o these_o passage_n demonstrate_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o parliamenrary_a council_n in_o that_o age_n unknown_a to_o most_o for_o which_o end_n i_o have_v transcribe_v they_o at_o large_a so_o they_o clear_o prove_v that_o thief_n or_o felon_n much_o less_o other_o english_a freeman_n can_v not_o be_v imprison_v kill_v put_v to_o death_n fine_v or_o ransom_v but_o by_o special_a act_n 6._o and_o law_n make_v in_o general_n parliamentary_a council_n nor_o any_o law_n make_v enact_v or_o alter_v in_o such_o council_n but_o by_o the_o king_n royal_a assent_n thereto_o who_o then_o frequent_o summon_v thâm_n and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o they_o by_o writ_n and_o nomination_n without_o the_o people_n election_n henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n de_fw-fr eventibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 5._o anâ_n warwick_n some_o other_o fabulous_a author_n relate_v 932._o that_o in_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o king_n aethelstans_n reign_n olaus_n king_n of_o denmark_n golanus_fw-la king_n of_o norwey_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n with_o 8_o duke_n and_o 5_o hundred_o thousand_o soldier_n arrive_v in_o england_n 10._o bring_v with_o they_o out_o of_o africa_n a_o giant_n call_v colybrand_n the_o strong_a and_o most_o famous_a at_o that_o time_n throughout_o the_o world_n whereupon_o king_n aethelstan_n hear_v of_o their_o come_n congregavit_fw-la magnates_fw-la assemble_v his_o nobleman_n at_o winchester_n to_o advice_n with_o they_o how_o they_o may_v resist_v the_o enemy_n and_o fight_v with_o they_o in_o battle_n thaâ_n while_o king_n aethelstan_n vacaret_fw-la tali_fw-la coneilio_fw-la et_fw-la congregatione_fw-la poâuli_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o wintonia_n the_o foresay_a king_n come_v upon_o he_o with_o their_o army_n and_o besiege_v he_o cum_fw-la baronia_fw-la sua_fw-la with_o his_o baton_n in_o that_o city_n for_o two_o year_n space_n neither_o dare_v the_o english_a fight_n with_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o multitude_n and_o power_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o make_v this_o agreement_n that_o king_n aethelstan_n shall_v find_v out_o one_o champion_n to_o fight_v a_o single_a duel_n with_o colybrand_n that_o in_o all_o future_a time_n the_o realm_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n under_o a_o tribute_n and_o if_o colybrand_n be_v conquer_v by_o aethelstans_n champion_n rhen_n olaus_n shall_v forfeit_v and_o disclaim_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n for_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o no_o king_n of_o denmark_n shall_v afterward_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n nor_o yet_o molest_v it_o that_o the_o king_n in_o near_a one_o whole_a year_n space_n can_v not_o find_v out_o a_o champion_n to_o encounter_v colybrand_n whereupon_o he_o and_o his_o noble_n be_v very_o much_o trouble_v at_o lasâ_n god_n by_o a_o angel_n from_o heaven_n direct_v the_o king_n to_o find_v out_o guy_n of_o warwick_n come_v thither_o as_o a_o pilgrim_n who_o undertake_v to_o encounter_v colybrand_n and_o after_o a_o sharp_a battle_n with_o he_o in_o the_o view_n of_o both_o king_n and_o their_o army_n cut_v off_o one_o of_o his_o hand_n and_o after_o that_o his_o head_n by_o which_o victory_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o england_n enjoy_v the_o unviolated_a privilege_n of_o rest_n and_o liberty_n from_o the_o danish_a king_n until_o cnute_n king_n of_o denmark_n gain_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n from_o edmund_n ironside_n but_o this_o relation_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o history_n and_o the_o stream_n of_o all_o our_o historiographer_n i_o shall_v repute_v it_o mere_o fabulous_a though_o i_o can_v not_o well_o omit_v it_o for_o that_o relation_n it_o have_v to_o this_o my_o theme_n anâ_n precedent_a proposition_n 378._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o other_o out_o of_o he_o record_n that_o elfrid_n a_o noble_a man_n who_o oppose_v aethelstans_n title_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o in_o vain_a intend_v to_o have_v seize_v on_o he_o at_o winchester_n and_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n but_o his_o treason_n be_v discover_v before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o accomplishment_n he_o be_v take_v and_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o purge_v himself_o by_o oath_n where_o before_o the_o altar_n of_o st._n peter_n and_o pope_n john_n the_o 10_o the_o he_o abjure_v the_o fact_n and_o thereupon_o fall_v sudden_o down_o dead_a to_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v carry_v from_o before_o the_o altar_n by_o his_o servant_n to_o the_o english_a school_n he_o there_o die_v within_o three_o day_n after_o 10._o upon_o this_o the_o poâe_a âent_n to_o âhe_n king_n to_o advise_v what_o he_o shall_v do_v with_o he_o and_o âhether_o he_o shall_v allow_v he_o burial_n with_o other_o christiaâ_n cârps_v the_o king_n hereupon_o assemble_v a_o council_n of_o his_o noble_n to_o advise_v about_o it_o optimates_fw-la regionisâ_n â_z the_o noble_n of_o the_o realm_n with_o a_o great_a company_n of_o elfrids_n kindred_n earnest_o request_v of_o the_o king_n with_o great_a humility_n that_o his_o body_n may_v be_v commit_v to_o christian_a burial_n the_o king_n consent_v to_o their_o request_n acquaint_v the_o pope_n therewith_o who_o grant_v he_o christian_a burial_n though_o unworthy_a hereupon_o the_o noble_n adjudge_v all_o his_o land_n and_o possession_n great_a and_o small_a to_o the_o king_n who_o by_o their_o consent_n 6.10_o grant_v and_o confirm_v they_o all_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o malmesbury_n by_o his_o charter_n wherein_o he_o recite_v sciant_fw-la sapientes_fw-la regionis_fw-la nostrae_fw-la non_fw-la have_v praefatas_fw-la terras_fw-la i_o injustè_fw-fr rapuisse_fw-la rapinamque_fw-la deo_fw-la dedicasse_fw-la sed_fw-la sic_fw-la eas_fw-la accepi_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la judicaverunt_fw-la omnes_fw-la optimates_fw-la regni_fw-la anglorum_fw-la insuper_fw-la et_fw-la apostolicus_n papa_n romanae_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la johannes_n after_o which_o recite_v the_o treachery_n perjury_n and_o death_n of_o elfred_n with_o his_o condescension_n to_o his_o noble_n and_o friend_n request_v aforesaid_a he_o conclude_v thus_o et_fw-la sic_fw-la adjudicata_fw-la est_fw-la mihi_fw-la tota_fw-la possessio_fw-la ejus_fw-la in_o magnis_fw-la et_fw-la modicis_fw-la sed_fw-la et_fw-la haec_fw-la apicibus_fw-la praenotamus_fw-la literarum_fw-la ne_fw-fr quamdin_fw-fr christianitas_fw-la regnat_fw-la aboleatur_fw-la unde_fw-la mihi_fw-la praefata_fw-la possessio_fw-la quam_fw-la deo_fw-la et_fw-la sancto_fw-it peiro_n dedi_fw-la donatur_fw-la nec_fw-la justius_fw-la novi_fw-la quam_fw-la deo_fw-la et_fw-la sancto_fw-la peiro_n hanc_fw-la possessionem_fw-la dare_v qâi_fw-la aemulum_fw-la meum_fw-la in_o conspectu_fw-la omnium_fw-la cadere_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la et_fw-la mihi_fw-la prosperitatem_fw-la regni_fw-la largiti_fw-la sunt_fw-la to_o which_o malmesbury_n subjoin_v in_o his_o verbis_fw-la regis_fw-la sapientiam_fw-la et_fw-la pietatem_fw-la ejus_fw-la in_o dei_fw-la rebus_fw-la suspicere_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-la sapientiam_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la animadverterat_fw-la juvenis_fw-la presertim_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la dei_fw-la gratiosum_fw-la de_fw-la rapinâ_fw-la holocaustum_fw-la pietatem_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la munus_fw-la ultione_fw-la divinâ_n collatum_fw-la deo_fw-la potissimum_fw-la non_fw-la ingratus_fw-la rependeret_fw-la from_o whence_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o elsrid_a be_v a_o pâer_n of_o the_o realm_n die_v perjure_v as_o aforesaid_a be_v adjudge_v to_o forfeit_v all_o his_o land_n for_o treason_n after_o his_o death_n only_o by_o his_o peer_n in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n and_o that_o iâ_n the_o king_n have_v seize_v on_o they_o without_o their_o judgement_n it_o have_v be_v a_o unjust_a rapine_n by_o his_o own_o confession_n but_o be_v legal_o confiscate_v to_o he_o by_o their_o judgement_n it_o be_v no_o rapine_n but_o justice_n for_o he_o to_o seizeâ_n and_o piety_n to_o dispose_v of_o they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n to_o this_o church_n what_o church_n and_o monastery_n he_o build_v and_o repair_v throughout_o the_o realm_n what_o land_n he_o restore_v to_o st._n augustine_n church_n at_o canterbury_n on_o the_o day_n of_o his_o coronation_n by_o the_o assent_n of_o his_o bishop_n and_o noble_n though_o long_o detain_v from_o it_o and_o how_o he_o give_v the_o land_n of_o folcastan_n in_o kent_n escheat_v by_o the_o dane_n destruction_n of_o the_o nunnery_n there_o to_o christchurch_n in_o canterbury_n you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o etc._n marginal_a author_n 878._o william_n of_o malmesbury_n inform_v we_o that_o baldwin_n earl_n of_o flanders_n send_v ambassador_n by_o hugh_n king_n of_o france_n to_o king_n ethelstan_n to_o demand_v his_o sister_n for_o his_o wife_n bring_v over_o with_o he_o divers_a rich_a present_n and_o relic_n among_o other_o the_o sword_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a the_o lance_z of_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o one_o of_o the_o 4_o nail_n that_o pierce_v our_o saviour_n body_n set_v in_o plate_n of_o gold_n a_o piece_n of_o our_o saviour_n cross_n enclose_v in_o a_o crystal_n case_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o he_o present_v to_o the_o king_n and_o lady_n come_v in_o conventu_fw-la procerum_fw-la apud_fw-la abindonium_fw-la proci_fw-la postulata_fw-la
the_o thing_n of_o the_o church_n he_o have_v take_v away_o with_o satisfaction_n and_o effusion_n of_o tear_n whereupon_o to_o obtain_v pardon_n and_o absolution_n for_o the_o penance_n they_o enjoin_v he_o he_o give_v the_o parish_n of_o guidcon_n with_o all_o the_o land_n liberty_n and_o commons_o appertain_v thereunto_o to_o god_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o landaffe_n for_o ever_o to_o be_v hold_v in_o frankalmoighne_n some_o five_o year_n after_o anno_fw-la 955._o y_o a_o deacon_n slay_v one_o merduter_n and_o sly_v into_o a_o church_n for_o sanctuary_n thereupon_o his_o kinsfolk_n and_o some_o of_o king_n nogui_n his_o family_n forcible_o enter_v into_o the_o church_n fly_v ili_n before_o the_o altar_n sprinkle_v his_o blood_n both_o upon_o the_o altar_n and_o wall_n of_o the_o church_n whereupon_o pater_n bishop_n of_o landaffe_n assemble_v a_o synod_n of_o all_o the_o priest_n deacon_n and_o ecclesiastical_a person_n within_o his_o diocese_n to_o excommunicate_v the_o delinquent_n which_o king_n nogui_n and_o his_o noble_n hear_v of_o fear_v the_o malediction_n of_o the_o church_n the_o weight_n whereof_o they_o dare_v not_o undergo_v send_v for_o the_o bishop_n and_o upon_o consultation_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o doctor_n of_o both_o side_n deliver_v up_o the_o murderer_n into_o the_o bishop_n hand_n who_o send_v they_o to_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n teliavi_n where_o they_o be_v keep_v 6_o month_n in_o iron_n chain_n aftâr_o which_o they_o be_v excommwicate_v synodo_fw-la quoque_fw-la judicanâe_fw-la definiâum_fw-la est_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la eorum_fw-la suum_fw-la agrum_fw-la suamque_fw-la totam_fw-la substantiam_fw-la insuper_fw-la &_o pretium_fw-la animae_fw-la suae_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la septem_fw-la libras_fw-la argenti_n redderet_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la quam_fw-la maculaverat_fw-la determinantibus_fw-la omnibus_fw-la divino_fw-la judicio_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o bishop_n rise_v up_o in_o the_o midââ_n of_o they_o hold_v the_o gospel_n in_o his_o hand_n say_v to_o nogui_n lay_v thy_o hand_n upon_o this_o gospel_n whereupon_o nogui_n lay_v his_o hand_n upon_o it_o say_v sit_v haec_fw-la terra_fw-la cum_fw-la incolis_fw-la suis_fw-la in_fw-la sempiterna_fw-la consecraâione_fw-la deo_fw-la etc._n etc._n &_o patri_fw-la episcopo_fw-la &_o omnibus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la landaviae_n libera_n ab_fw-la omni_fw-la laicali_fw-la servitio_fw-la nisi_fw-la tantum_fw-la in_o oratione_fw-la quoâidianâ_fw-la in_o perpetuo_fw-la it_o seem_v the_o petty_a welsh_a king_n and_o their_o courtier_n be_v all_o subject_n in_o those_o day_n to_o the_o censure_n and_o excommunication_n of_o their_o synod_n for_o their_o sacrilege_n and_o other_o unrighteous_a action_n infringe_v the_o church_n liberty_n that_o their_o synod_n have_v a_o judiciary_n power_n and_o that_o they_o can_v not_o convey_v land_n to_o the_o church_n but_o by_o the_o consent_n and_o judgement_n of_o their_o synod_n which_o attest_v and_o ratify_v the_o same_o as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o spelman_n who_o likewise_o inform_v we_o of_o another_o welsh_a synod_n hold_v at_o landaffâ_n about_o the_o year_n 988._o wherein_n arithmail_n son_n of_o nogui_n king_n of_o guenti_fw-la slay_v his_o brother_n elise_v be_v for_o this_o execrable_a fratricide_n excommunicate_v by_o gucan_n bishop_n of_o landaâfe_n and_o all_o the_o synod_n who_o thereupon_o submit_v to_o the_o penance_n therein_o enjoin_v he_o give_v certain_a land_n for_o ever_o in_o frankalmoighne_n to_o god_n and_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o landaffe_n to_o purchase_v his_o absolution_n king_n 6._o edred_n decease_a to_o the_o great_a grief_n of_o all_o hiâ_n 957._o subject_n his_o nephew_n edwin_n former_o put_v by_o the_o crown_n for_o his_o nonage_n be_v thereupon_o though_o young_a crown_v king_n at_o kingston_n by_o archbishop_n odo_n an._n 955._o but_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 957._o the_o mercian_n anâ_n northumberians_n whole_o cast_v off_o their_o obedience_n to_o he_o and_o conspire_v altogether_o by_o unanimous_a consent_n reject_v he_o from_o be_v their_o king_n elect_v his_o brother_n edgar_n for_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n deo_fw-la dictante_fw-la &_o annuente_fw-la populo_fw-la whereupon_o the_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v between_o they_o by_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n what_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o this_o deposition_n and_o rejection_n of_o edwin_n be_v very_o doubtful_a william_n of_o malmesbury_n hovedeu_n matthew_n westminster_n dunelmensis_n bromton_n henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n abbot_n ethelred_n hygden_n florence_n of_o worcester_n and_o most_o of_o our_o old_a historian_n be_v monk_n and_o overmuch_o devote_v to_o their_o arch-patron_n dunstan_n record_n that_o the_o true_a cause_n thereof_o be_v first_o his_o ill_a lascivious_a life_n and_o incontinency_n with_o alfgiva_n his_o concubine_n as_o they_o write_v and_o near_o kinswoman_n from_o who_o archbishop_n odo_n divorce_v he_o and_o likewise_o with_o sundry_a other_o concubine_n which_o he_o entertain_v in_o his_o court_n who_o odo_n excommunicate_v and_o banish_v thence_o 2._o his_o indiscreet_a and_o tyrannical_a gvernment_n contrary_a to_o his_o law_n 4._o 1._o in_o slight_v depress_v and_o destroy_v the_o noble_n and_o wiseman_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o disgust_v his_o lascivious_a course_n and_o in_o favour_v ignorant_a unjust_a vicious_a person_n and_o follow_v their_o most_o wicked_a counsel_n 2._o in_o banish_v abbot_n dunstan_n and_o seize_v upon_o all_o his_o good_n only_o for_o justice_n sake_n because_o he_o reprehend_v he_o foâ_n his_o exorbitant_a vicious_a course_n be_v then_o the_o chief_a sway_a grandee_n and_o head_n of_o the_o monkish_a faction_n 3._o in_o forcible_o thrust_v out_o by_o arm_a soldier_n all_o the_o regular_a monk_n throughout_o england_n and_o cast_v they_o forth_o of_o the_o monastery_n there_o be_v then_o no_o regular_a monk_n in_o any_o monastery_n but_o only_o in_o glastonbury_n and_o malmesbury_n as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o winchester_n and_o other_o record_n then_o seize_v upon_o all_o their_o wealth_n and_o bestow_v their_o land_n and_o monastery_n on_o secular_a and_o marry_a priest_n and_o afflict_v these_o monk_n in_o sundry_a other_o kind_n but_o 356._o henry_n archdeacon_n of_o huntingdon_n a_o ancient_a judicious_a impartial_a old_a historian_n flourish_v in_o the_o year_n 1148â_n mention_n none_o of_o these_o particular_n in_o his_o life_n but_o give_v this_o honourable_a testimony_n of_o his_o government_n thaâ_n it_o be_v both_o prosperous_a flourish_a and_o laudable_a rex_fw-la edwi_n non_fw-la illaudabiliter_fw-la regni_fw-la infulam_fw-la tenuit_fw-la anno_fw-la râgni_fw-la svi_fw-la quiuto_fw-la cum_fw-la in_o principio_fw-la regnum_fw-la ejus_fw-la decentissimè_fw-la âloreret_fw-la prospera_fw-la et_fw-la laetabunda_fw-la exordia_fw-la mors_fw-la immatura_fw-la perrupit_fw-la and_o therefore_o archbibishop_n 54._o parker_n 22._o bishop_n godwin_n 404._o speed_n and_o 430._o other_o conceive_v that_o the_o true_a cause_n why_o the_o mercian_n and_o noâthumbrians_n &_o those_o only_a not_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o kingdom_n reject_v he_o and_o sât_v up_o his_o brother_n edgar_n who_o lasciviousness_n be_v more_o excessive_a and_o vice_n more_o extorbitant_a in_o some_o degree_n than_o edwin_n which_o yet_o our_o former_a monkish_a historian_n blanch_v or_o excuse_v be_v the_o malice_n of_o dunstan_n and_o odo_n the_o pillar_n and_o oracle_n of_o the_o monkish_a clergy_n who_o stir_v up_o the_o merciaus_fw-la and_o seditious_a rebellious_a northumbrian_n against_o he_o to_z set_z up_z edgar_z in_o his_o stead_n who_o be_v total_o devote_v to_o they_o and_o dunstan_n by_o who_o counsel'_v he_o be_v afterward_o whole_o guide_v and_o build_v no_o less_o than_o 47_o new_a monastery_n for_o the_o monk_n beside_o all_o those_o he_o repair_v intend_v to_o build_v three_o more_o have_v he_o live_v to_o make_v they_o 50_o complete_a and_o likewise_o cast_v out_o the_o secular_a and_o marry_a priest_n out_o of_o all_o monastery_n and_o church_n unless_o they_o will_v become_v monk_n replenish_n all_o monastery_n &_o church_n with_o monk_n alone_o they_o likewise_o inform_v we_o that_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o king_n edwin_n banish_v dunstan_n eject_v the_o monk_n and_o seize_v their_o land_n and_o treasure_n be_v that_o dunstân_o have_v so_o bewitch_v edmund_n edward_n athelstan_n and_o aedred_a his_o predecessor_n with_o the_o love_n of_o monkery_n as_o that_o they_o noâ_n only_o take_v violent_o from_o marry_a priest_n âheir_a live_n to_o erect_v monastery_n but_o also_o lavish_o waste_v much_o oâ_n their_o own_o royal_a treasure_n land_n and_o revenue_n upon_o they_o which_o they_o shall_v have_v rather_o employ_v in_o resist_v the_o common_a enemy_n of_o god_n and_o their_o country_n the_o dane_n whereupon_o edwin_n perceive_v that_o all_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o land_n be_v creep_v into_o monastery_n not_o only_o refrain_v to_o bestow_v more_o on_o they_o but_o recall_v divers_a of_o those_o prodigal_a gift_n his_o predecessor_n have_v grant_v they_o which_o the_o monk_n refuse_v to_o renâer_n upon_o demand_n he_o seizeâ_n upon_o they_o by_o arm_a officer_n as_o have_v indeed_o cheat_v
king_n of_o wales_n dufnâll_n siferth_n howel_n james_n and_o juchill_n meet_v he_o as_o he_o have_v command_v âhem_n and_o swoâe_o ãâ¦ã_z he_o in_o âheâe_n word_n that_o they_o will_v be_v faithful_a and_o assist_v to_o he_o both_o by_o land_n and_o sea_n wâich_n do_v he_o on_o a_o certain_a day_n enure_v wiâh_v they_o into_o a_o barge_n and_o place_v they_o at_o the_o oar_n himself_o take_v the_o helm_n and_o steer_v the_o barge_n very_o skilful_o while_o they_o row_v it_o down_o the_o river_n of_o dee_n from_o his_o palace_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n john_n bapist_n on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o his_o duke_n and_o noble_n follow_v and_o accompany_v he_o in_o other_o barge_n where_o have_v make_v his_o prayer_n they_o all_o row_v he_o thence_o back_o again_o in_o like_a pomp_n to_o his_o royal_a palace_n which_o when_o he_o have_v enure_v he_o say_v to_o his_o noble_n 974._o thaâ_n any_o of_o his_o successor_n may_v then_o say_v he_o be_v king_n of_o england_n when_o wiâh_o so_o many_o king_n follow_v and_o subject_a to_o he_o he_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o like_a pomp_n and_o power_n buâ_n mr._n fox_n subjoin_v in_o my_o mind_n this_o king_n have_v say_v much_o better_a god_n âorbid_v that_o i_o shall_v glory_v in_o any_o tâing_n but_o in_o the_o cross_n of_o our_o lord_n iâsus_n christ._n 884._o the_o year_n follow_v an._n 974._o certain_a merchant_n come_v from_o york_n arrive_v in_o the_o islle_v of_o thanet_n in_o kent_n where_o they_o be_v present_o take_v by_o the_o islander_n and_o spoil_v of_o all_o their_o good_n which_o king_n edgar_n be_v inform_v of_o be_v so_o far_o incense_v against_o these_o plunderer_n 4._o that_o he_o spoil_v they_o of_o all_o their_o good_n and_o deprive_v some_o of_o they_o of_o their_o life_n which_o huntingdon_n and_o bromton_n thus_o record_v rex_fw-la edgarus_n undecimo_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la jussit_fw-la praedari_fw-la insulam_fw-la tenet_n quia_fw-la jure_fw-la regalia_z spreverant_fw-la non_fw-la ut_fw-la hostess_fw-la insaniâns_fw-la sââ_n ut_fw-la rex_fw-la malo_fw-la mala_fw-la puntens_fw-fr the_o same_o year_n as_o 28._o maâmesbuây_n etc._n inguâpâus_n and_o 489._o other_o write_v king_n edgar_z by_o his_o regal_a charter_n cause_v the_o secular_a priest_n to_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o monastery_n of_o malmesbury_n and_o introduce_v monk_n in_o their_o place_n restore_v to_o they_o the_o land_n and_o possession_n of_o the_o monastery_n which_o the_o secular_a priest_n former_o enjoy_v and_o have_v lease_v oâ_n â_o that_o upon_o a_o fulâ_n hear_v before_o the_o wiseman_n 6_o bishop_n &_o other_o in_o his_o presence_n most_o likely_a in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n as_o âhis_n câauâe_v in_o his_o charter_n intimate_v haec_fw-la a_o praedictis_fw-la accommodata_fw-la clâricis_fw-la a_o conâensioso_n possessa_fw-la est_fw-la edââânoââ_n sâd_fw-la superstitiosa_fw-la subtle_a que_fw-fr ejus_fw-la disceptâtione_fw-la a_o sapientibâs_fw-la meis_fw-la audita_fw-la ât_a conflictatione_fw-la illius_fw-la mendosa_fw-la ab_fw-la eisdem_fw-la i_o praesente_fw-la convicta_fw-la monasteriali_fw-la a_o i_o reddita_fw-la est_fw-la usui_fw-la if_o the_o council_n of_o winchester_n hereafter_o cite_v anno_fw-la 975._o be_v hold_v in_o king_n edgar_n life_n time_n as_o 491._o some_o affirm_v most_o probable_o this_o debate_n here_o mention_v touch_v these_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o and_o before_o that_o council_n and_o this_o charter_n therein_o make_v and_o ratify_v with_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o king_n archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o duke_n thereto_o annex_v according_a âo_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o age_n although_o king_n other_o edgar_n in_o his_o young_a day_n be_v subject_a to_o many_o vice_n and_o commit_v some_o injurious_a tyrannical_a aââs_n record_v by_o malmesbury_n fox_n speed_n and_o other_o yet_o repent_v of_o these_o his_o youthful_a lustful_a vice_n he_o prove_v such_o a_o just_a and_o prudent_a king_n that_o other_o our_o historian_n of_o elder_n and_o late_a age_n give_v these_o large_a encomium_n of_o his_o justice_n prudence_n piety_n virtue_n and_o politic_a government_n worthy_a perpetual_a memory_n and_o imitation_n so_o excellent_a be_v he_o in_o justice_n so_o sharp_a be_v he_o in_o correction_n of_o vice_n as_o well_o in_o his_o magistrate_n officer_n and_o other_o subject_n that_o never_o before_o his_o day_n be_v less_o felony_n by_o robber_n nor_o less_o extortion_n or_o bribery_n by_o false_a officer_n such_o as_o be_v wicked_a he_o keep_v under_o they_o that_o be_v rebel_n he_o repulse_v the_o godly_a he_o maintain_v and_o the_o just_a and_o modest_a he_o love_v the_o learned_a and_o virtuous_a he_o encourage_v he_o will_v suffer_v no_o man_n of_o whât_a deâree_n or_o qualiây_o soever_o he_o be_v to_o elude_v or_o violate_v his_o law_n without_o condign_a punishment_n in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v neither_o any_o private_a pilferer_n nor_o public_a thief_n but_o he_o that_o in_o steal_v other_o man_n good_n will_v venture_v and_o suffer_v as_o he_o be_v sure_a the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o good_n and_o life_n he_o be_v no_o respecter_n of_o person_n in_o âudgement_n but_o judge_v every_o man_n according_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o his_o offence_n and_o quality_n of_o his_o person_n he_o unite_z all_o the_o nation_n under_o he_o which_o be_v divers_a by_o the_o covenant_n and_o obligation_n of_o one_o law_n govern_v they_o all_o with_o such_o justice_n equity_n integrity_n and_o peace_n that_o he_o wâs_v stileâ_n rex_fw-la ãâã_d edgarus_n pacificus_fw-la tâe_v pâaceable_a king_n edgar_n in_o his_o day_n not_o torment_n not_o gibbeâs_n not_o exile_n not_o banishment_n be_v so_o much_o fear_v as_o the_o offend_n of_o so_o good_a and_o gracious_a a_o king_n he_o build_v and_o endow_v no_o less_o than_o 48_o monastery_n and_o restore_v many_o more_o endow_v they_o with_o large_a possession_n privilege_n out_o of_o piety_n and_o devotion_n âs_v these_o time_n repute_v it_o &_o be_v a_o great_a honourer_n lover_n promoter_n of_o the_o virtuous_a and_o learned_a clergy_n and_o suppressor_n of_o the_o vicious_a and_o scandalous_a there_o be_v scarce_o one_o year_n throughout_o all_o his_o reign_n wherein_o he_o do_v not_o some_o great_a and_o memorable_a necessary_a thing_n for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o country_n and_o people_n the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o advancement_n of_o religion_n all_o which_o make_v he_o so_o honour_v and_o belove_v by_o his_o subject_n at_o home_n so_o far_o dread_v by_o his_o enemy_n abroad_o that_o nullas_fw-la domesticorum_fw-la insidias_fw-la nullum_fw-la exterminium_fw-la alienorum_fw-la sensit_fw-la he_o never_o feel_v any_o homebred_a treachery_n or_o foreign_a invasion_n but_o reign_v peaceable_o all_o his_o daysâ_n without_o war_n or_o bloodshed_n which_o none_o of_o his_o predecessor_n ever_o do_v he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o tollerate_v any_o violence_n or_o rapine_n in_o man_n towards_o each_o other_o that_o he_o command_v all_o the_o wolf_n and_o ravenous_a beast_n greedy_a of_o blood_n to_o be_v destroy_v throughout_o his_o dominion_n and_o such_o a_o enemy_n be_v he_o to_o drunkenness_n the_o mother_n of_o vice_n murder_n quarrel_n theft_n wherewith_o the_o dane_n have_v much_o infect_v the_o english_a that_o to_o prevent_v and_o redress_v it_o he_o cause_v pin_n to_o be_v set_v in_o every_o cup_n prohibit_v by_o severe_a law_n and_o penalty_n that_o none_o shall_v force_v other_o to_o drink_v nor_o yet_o drink_v below_o âhose_v pin_n in_o that_o moderate_a proportion_n which_o he_o prescribe_v they_o among_o other_o his_o politic_a deed_n for_o the_o peace_n and_o safeguard_n of_o his_o realm_n against_o pillage_n pirate_n and_o foreign_a invader_n he_o have_v always_o in_o readiness_n 3600_o as_o most_o or_o 4800_o strong_a ship_n of_o war_n as_o other_o record_v to_o secure_v the_o sea_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n 9_o which_o he_o divide_v into_o three_o squadron_n or_o fleet_n whereof_o he_o place_v 1200_o in_o the_o east_n sea_n to_o guard_v they_o 1200_o in_o the_o south_n sea_n 1200_o in_o the_o west_n sea_n and_o 1200_o in_o the_o north_n sea_n as_o some_o write_v to_o prevent_v piracy_n and_o repulse_v the_o invasion_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n these_o ship_n immediate_o after_o easter_n meet_v together_o every_o year_n at_o their_o several_a place_n of_o rendezvous_n wherewith_o the_o king_n sail_v round_o about_o the_o island_n and_o seacoast_n with_o a_o great_a force_n to_o the_o terror_n of_o foreiner_n and_o exercise_v of_o his_o own_o subject_n sail_v with_o the_o eastern_a navy_n to_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o then_o send_v they_o back_o with_o the_o western_a fleet_n to_o tâe_v northern_a coast_n and_o then_o sail_v with_o the_o northern_a fleet_n to_o the_o south_n pius_fw-la scilicet_fw-la explorator_fw-la ne_fw-la quid_fw-la piratae_fw-la turbarent_fw-la after_o his_o return_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o spring_n he_o use_v to_o ride_v in_o progress_n
duke_n leofsi_n be_v send_v to_o the_o dane_n âho_n come_v to_o they_o importune_v they_o that_o they_o will_v accept_v of_o a_o stipend_n and_o tribute_n they_o glad_o embrace_v his_o embassy_n condescend_v to_o his_o request_n and_o determine_v how_o much_o tribute_n shall_v be_v pay_v they_o for_o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n whereupon_o âoon_o after_o a_o tribute_n of_o 24000_o pound_n be_v pay_v they_o pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi pacis_fw-la for_o the_o good_a of_o peace_n in_o this_o assembly_n and_o council_n as_o i_o conjecture_v 510._o king_n ethelred_n inform_v his_o counsellor_n who_o instruct_v he_o both_o in_o divine_a and_o humane_a thing_n with_o the_o sloathfulness_n negligence_n and_o vicious_a life_n of_o the_o secular_a priest_n throughout_o england_n and_o by_o their_o advice_n think_v meet_v to_o thrust_v they_o out_o and_o put_v monk_n in_o their_o place_n to_o pour_v forth_o prayer_n and_o praise_n to_o god_n for_o he_o and_o his_o people_n in_o a_o due_a manner_n whereupon_o he_o confirm_v by_o his_o charter_n the_o ejection_n of_o the_o secular_a priest_n out_o of_o christs-church_n in_o canterbury_n 10._o and_o the_o introduction_n of_o monk_n in_o their_o place_n and_o ratify_v all_o the_o land_n and_o privilege_n former_o grant_v they_o exempt_n the_o monastery_n and_o land_n thereof_o from_o all_o secular_a service_n except_o expeditione_n pontium_fw-la operatione_n et_fw-la arcium_fw-la reparatione_fw-la beseech_v and_o conjure_v all_o his_o lawful_a successor_n king_n bishop_n earls_z and_o people_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v ecclesiae_fw-la christi_fw-la praedones_fw-la sed_fw-la sitis_fw-la patrimonii_fw-la christi_fw-la defensores_fw-la seduli_fw-la ut_fw-la vita_fw-la et_fw-la gaudio_fw-la aeternis_fw-la cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la dei_fw-la sanctis_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la fruâmini_fw-la which_o charter_n be_v ratify_v by_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o king_n 2._o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o of_o several_a aelderman_n noble_n and_o officer_n and_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross._n this_o year_n other_o duke_n leofsi_n slay_v esric_n a_o nobleman_n the_o king_n chief_a provost_n be_v judicial_o banish_v the_o realm_n by_o the_o king_n for_o this_o offence_n after_o this_o peace_n make_v with_o the_o dane_n anno_fw-la 1002._o emma_n arrive_v in_o england_n 1002._o receive_v both_o the_o diadem_n and_o name_n of_o a_o queen_n daniel_n whereupon_o king_n ethelred_n puff_v up_o with_o pride_n see_v he_o can_v not_o drive_v out_o the_o dane_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n contrive_v how_o to_o murder_v and_o destroy_v they_o all_o in_o one_o day_n by_o treachery_n at_o unaware_o either_o by_o the_o sword_n or_o by_o fire_n because_o they_o endeavour_v to_o deprive_v he_o and_o his_o noble_n both_o of_o their_o life_n and_o the_o realm_n and_o to_o subject_v all_o england_n to_o their_o own_o dominion_n the_o occasion_n time_n and_o manner_n of_o who_o sudden_a universal_a massacre_n be_v thus_o relate_v by_o mat._n westminster_n an._n 1012._o though_o act_v an._n 1002._o as_o all_o accord_n and_o by_o mr._n fox_n and_o other_o huna_n general_n of_o king_n ethelreds_n militia_n a_o valiant_a warlike_a man_n who_o have_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o manage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n under_o the_o king_n observe_v the_o insolency_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o now_o after_o the_o peace_n make_v with_o they_o do_v so_o proud_o lord_n it_o through_o all_o england_n that_o they_o presume_v to_o ravish_v the_o wife_n and_o daughter_n of_o nobleman_n and_o every_o where_o to_o expose_v they_o to_o scorn_v by_o strength_n cause_v the_o english_a husbandman_n to_o soil_n and_o sow_v their_o land_n and_o do_v all_o vile_a labour_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n while_o they_o will_v sit_v idle_o at_o home_n hold_v their_o wife_n daughter_n and_o servant_n at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o when_o the_o husbandman_n come_v home_o they_o shall_v scarce_o have_v of_o their_o own_o as_o his_o servant_n have_v so_o that_o the_o dane_n have_v all_o at_o his_o will_n and_o fill_v fare_v of_o the_o best_a when_o the_o owner_n scarce_o have_v his_o fill_n of_o the_o worst_a thus_o the_o common_a people_n be_v of_o they_o oppress_v be_v in_o such_o fear_n and_o dread_n that_o not_o only_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o suffer_v they_o in_o their_o do_n but_o also_o glad_a to_o please_v they_o and_o call_v every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o the_o house_n where_o they_o have_v rule_v lord_n dane_n etc._n etc._n hereupon_o huna_n go_v to_o the_o king_n much_o perplex_v and_o make_v a_o lamentable_a complaint_n to_o he_o concern_v these_o thing_n upon_o which_o the_o king_n be_v not_o a_o little_a move_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o same_o huna_n send_v letter_n or_o commission_n unto_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o realm_n command_v all_o and_o every_o of_o the_o nation_n that_o on_o one_o day_n after_o to_o wit_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n brice_n the_o bishop_n all_o the_o dane_n throughout_o england_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o a_o secret_a massacre_n that_o so_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o english_a may_v all_o joint_o and_o at_o one_o timâ_n be_v free_v from_o the_o danish_a oppression_n and_o so_o the_o dane_n who_o by_o a_o firm_a covenant_n swear_v unto_o by_o both_o side_n a_o little_a before_o aught_o to_o have_v dwell_v peaceable_o with_o the_o english_a 2._o be_v too_o opprobrious_o slay_v and_o the_o woman_n with_o their_o child_n be_v dash_v against_o the_o post_n of_o the_o house_n miserable_o pour_v out_o their_o soul_n when_o âherefore_o the_o sentence_n of_o this_o decree_n be_v execute_v at_o the_o city_n of_o london_n without_o mercy_n many_o of_o the_o dane_n flee_v to_o a_o certain_a church_n in_o the_o city_n where_o all_o of_o they_o be_v slay_v without_o pity_n stand_v by_o the_o very_a altar_n themselves_o moreover_o that_o which_o aggravate_v the_o rage_n of_o this_o persecution_n be_v the_o death_n of_o guimild_a sister_n of_o king_n swain_n slay_v in_o this_o manner_n in_o england_n she_o be_v lawful_o marry_v to_o count_n palingers_n a_o noble_a man_n of_o great_a power_n who_o go_v into_o england_n with_o her_o husband_n they_o both_o there_o receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n and_o sacrament_n of_o baptism_n this_o most_o prudent_a virago_n be_v the_o mediatrix_fw-la of_o the_o peace_n between_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n give_v herself_o with_o her_o husband_n and_o only_a son_n as_o hostage_n to_o king_n ethelred_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o peace_n she_o be_v deliver_v by_o the_o king_n to_o that_o most_o wicked_a duke_n edric_n to_o keep_v that_o traitor_n within_o few_o day_n after_o command_v her_o husband_n with_o her_o son_n to_o be_v slay_v before_o her_o face_n with_o four_o spear_n and_o last_o of_o all_o command_v she_o to_o be_v behead_v she_o undergo_v death_n with_o a_o magnanimous_a mind_n without_o fear_n or_o change_v of_o countenance_n but_o yet_o confident_o pronounce_v as_o she_o be_v die_v that_o the_o shed_n of_o her_o blood_n will_v bring_v great_a detriment_n to_o england_n 360._o henry_n huntindon_n thus_o relate_v the_o story_n of_o this_o massacre_n in_o the_o year_n 1002._o emma_n the_o jewel_n of_o the_o norman_n come_v into_o england_n and_o receive_v both_o the_o diadem_n and_o name_n of_o a_o queen_n with_o which_o match_n king_n ethelred_n be_v puff_v up_o with_o pride_n bring_v forth_o perfidiousness_n cause_v all_o the_o dane_n who_o be_v with_o peace_n in_o england_n to_o be_v slay_v by_o clandestine_v treason_n on_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n to_o wit_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n brice_n concern_v which_o wickedness_n we_o have_v hear_v in_o our_o infancy_n some_o honest_a old_a man_n say_v that_o the_o say_a king_n send_v secret_a letter_n into_o every_o city_n 2._o according_a to_o which_o the_o english_a on_o the_o same_o day_n and_o hour_n destroyeâ_n all_o the_o dane_n either_o cut_v off_o their_o head_n without_o give_v they_o warning_n with_o sword_n or_o take_v anâ_n burn_v they_o sudden_o together_o with_o fire_n vbi_fw-la fuit_fw-la videre_fw-la miseriam_fw-la dum_fw-la cuique_fw-la charissimos_fw-la hospites_fw-la quos_fw-la etiam_fw-la arctissima_fw-la necessitudo_fw-la dulciores_fw-la effecerat_fw-la cogeretur_fw-la prodere_fw-la et_fw-la amplexus_fw-la gladio_fw-la deturbare_fw-la write_v 64._o malmsbury_n the_o news_n of_o this_o bloody_a massacre_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v bring_v into_o denmark_n to_o king_n swain_n by_o some_o youth_n of_o the_o danâsh_a nation_n who_o escape_v and_o fleâ_n out_o of_o england_n in_o a_o ship_n move_v he_o to_o tear_n 392._o uocatisque_fw-la cunctis_fw-la regni_fw-la principibus_fw-la who_o call_v all_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o realm_n together_o and_o relate_v the_o whole_a series_n of_o what_o be_v act_v to_o they_o he_o diligent_o inquire_v of_o they_o what_o they_o will_v advise_v he_o to_o do_v who_o all_o cry_v out_o together_o as_o with_o one_o mouth_n decree_v that_o the_o
public_a mean_n he_o can_v devise_v and_o that_o by_o emmaes_n advice_n 1._o by_o advance_v some_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n to_o place_n of_o honour_n and_o trust_v as_o other_o leoffric_n who_o he_o make_v duke_n in_o the_o place_n of_o his_o brother_n norman_n who_o he_o have_v slay_v with_o some_o other_o and_o love_v they_o very_o dear_o 2._o speed_n by_o grant_v to_o the_o english_a equal_a right_n and_o privilege_n with_o his_o dane_n in_o consessu_fw-la in_fw-la consilio_fw-la in_fw-la praelio_fw-la and_o favour_v and_o advance_v they_o both_o alike_o 3._o speed_n by_o favour_v and_o enrich_v the_o english_a clergy_n and_o churchman_n and_o manifest_v extraordinary_a piety_n devotion_n bounty_n in_o repair_v build_v endow_a monastery_n and_o church_n throughout_o the_o realm_n which_o have_v be_v partly_o decay_v part_o demolish_v and_o profane_v by_o his_o and_o his_o father_n former_a war_n and_o excursion_n and_o by_o erect_v new_a church_n in_o all_o place_n where_o he_o have_v fight_v any_o battle_n especial_o at_o asâhendune_n and_o place_v priest_n in_o they_o perpetual_o âo_o pray_v for_o the_o soul_n of_o those_o that_o be_v there_o slay_v ita_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la ipse_fw-la et_fw-la antecessores_fw-la svi_fw-la deliquerunt_fw-la corrigere_fw-la satagon_n prioris_fw-la injustitiae_fw-la naevum_fw-la apud_fw-la deum_fw-la fortassis_fw-la apud_fw-la homines_fw-la certè_fw-la abstulit_fw-la as_o 11._o malmsbury_n relate_v 4._o wigorniensis_n by_o âasing_v they_o of_o his_o danish_a force_n and_o constant_a heavy_a tax_n for_o their_o maintenance_n for_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o emma_n he_o send_v back_o all_o his_o danish_a stipendiary_a soldier_n to_o their_o native_a country_n and_o all_o his_o ship_n but_o 40_o which_o he_o retain_v to_o transport_v he_o into_o denmark_n the_o next_o year_n to_o return_v pay_v off_o and_o disband_v which_o foreign_a force_n the_o english_a pay_v he_o a_o tribute_n of_o 82._o as_o some_o or_o 72_o thousand_o pound_n as_o other_o historian_n record_v collect_v out_o of_o all_o england_n and_o the_o londoner_n 11_o thousand_o or_o 10500_o mark_n more_o which_o tribute_n i_o conceive_v be_v grant_v he_o in_o the_o council_n of_o london_n the_o year_n before_o wherein_o all_o the_o prelate_n and_o noble_n take_v a_o oath_n other_o svo_fw-la exercitui_fw-la vectigal_a dare_v according_a to_o their_o former_a agreement_n at_o gloucester_n upon_o the_o partition_n of_o the_o kingdom_n between_o edmond_n and_o cnute_n 175._o wherein_o king_n edmond_n and_o all_o the_o english_a noble_n and_o army_n ordain_v that_o a_o tribute_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o danish_a fleet_n tributo_fw-la quod_fw-la classicae_n manui_fw-la penderetur_fw-la statuto_fw-la so_o that_o i_o conjecture_v it_o be_v not_o impose_v on_o the_o people_n by_o cnute_n absolute_a power_n but_o by_o common_a grant_n and_o consent_v of_o a_o great_a parliamentary_a council_n 5._o other_o by_o ratify_v all_o their_o former_a good_a old_a fundamental_a law_n righâs_n liberty_n privilege_n which_o they_o use_v enjoy_v under_o their_o saxon_a king_n by_o enact_v other_o good_a wholesome_a law_n repeal_n all_o unjust_a law_n and_o redress_v all_o exaction_n and_o grievance_n by_o which_o mean_v he_o so_o oblige_v the_o english_a to_o he_o that_o they_o cordial_o assist_v he_o in_o his_o danish_a war_n cheerful_o obey_v he_o and_o never_o raise_v any_o insurrection_n or_o rebellion_n against_o he_o though_o frequent_o absent_a out_o of_o the_o realm_n all_o his_o reign_n albeit_o he_o have_v no_o army_n nor_o garrison_n to_o overawe_n they_o 1018._o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 272._o anno_fw-la 1018._o king_n cnute_n assemble_v a_o parliamentary_a council_n both_o of_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n at_o oxford_n wherein_o they_o both_o accord_v that_o king_n edgar_n law_n shall_v be_v observe_v angli_fw-la et_fw-la daci_n apud_fw-la oxonefordiam_fw-la de_fw-la lege_fw-la regis_fw-la edgari_fw-la concord_n sunt_fw-la effecti_fw-la as_o florentius_n wigorniensis_n sim._n dunelmensis_n and_o other_o express_v it_o but_o the_o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n thus_o posthaec_fw-la apud_fw-la oxoniam_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la tenuit_fw-la ubi_fw-la angli_fw-la simul_fw-la &_o dani_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la edgari_fw-la regis_fw-la observandis_fw-la concord_n facti_fw-la sunt_fw-la which_o fabian_n grafton_n speed_n and_o other_o thus_o express_v in_o english_a he_o call_v a_o parliament_n at_o oxford_n where_o among_o other_o thing_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o englishman_n and_o dane_n shall_v hold_v and_o firm_o keep_v the_o law_n of_o edgar_n 6._o late_a king_n which_o parliament_n they_o misplace_v some_o in_o the_o 3._o other_o in_o the_o 15._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o second_o 467._o king_n cnute_n sail_v into_o daenmark_n in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 1020._o have_v there_o settle_v his_o affair_n return_v into_o england_n anno_fw-la 1020._o about_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n apud_fw-la orencestriam_fw-la concilio_n congregato_fw-la as_o matthew_n westminster_n or_o apud_fw-la cirenceastram_n magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la habuit_fw-la as_o florentius_n wigorniensis_n hoveden_n and_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n record_v it_o and_o then_o hold_v a_o great_a parliamentary_a council_n at_o oâencester_n or_o cirencester_n wherein_o he_o banish_a duke_n ethelward_n and_o this_o year_n as_o radulphus_fw-la de_fw-la diceto_fw-la inform_v we_o 10._o rex_fw-la canutus_n consilio_fw-la cleri_fw-la et_fw-la procerum_fw-la by_o the_o counsel_n of_o his_o clergy_n and_o noble_n most_o likely_a assemble_v in_o this_o council_n at_o cirencester_n and_o especial_o of_o his_o queen_n emma_n he_o place_v monk_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o badricesworth_n wherein_o the_o body_n of_o king_n edmond_n the_o martyr_n rest_v remove_v the_o secular_a priest_n from_o thence_o matthew_n westminster_z thus_o relate_v it_o consilio_fw-la emmae_fw-la reginae_fw-la et_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la simul_fw-la et_fw-la baronum_fw-la angliae_fw-la monachos_fw-la in_o eo_fw-la constituit_fw-la etc._n etc._n caenobium_fw-la quoque_fw-la beati_fw-la regis_fw-la et_fw-la martyris_fw-la edmundi_fw-la tot_fw-la praediis_fw-la et_fw-la bonis_fw-la aliis_fw-la ampliavit_fw-la ut_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ferè_fw-la angliae_fw-la monasteriis_fw-la in_fw-la rebus_fw-la temporalibus_fw-la meriâo_fw-la praeferatur_fw-la sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o his_o 9_o report_n 1021._o out_o of_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n edmond_n which_o he_o say_v be_v in_o his_o custody_n give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o winchester_n in_o the_o 5._o year_n of_o king_n cnute_n his_o reign_n anno_fw-la 1021._o 534._o haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la statuta_fw-la canuti_n regis_fw-la anglorum_fw-la danorum_fw-la norwegiarum_fw-la venerando_fw-la sapientum_fw-la ejus_fw-la consilio_fw-la ad_fw-la laudem_fw-la et_fw-la gloriam_fw-la dei_fw-la et_fw-la svi_fw-la regalitatem_fw-la et_fw-la common_a commodum_fw-la habito_fw-la in_o sancto_fw-it natali_n domini_fw-la apud_fw-la winton_n etc._n etc._n rex_fw-la canutus_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la 5._o viz._n per_fw-la centum_fw-la et_fw-la triginta_fw-la annos_fw-la ante_fw-la compilationem_fw-la decretorum_fw-la quae_fw-la anno_fw-la dom._n 1150._o fuerunt_fw-la compilata_fw-la anno_fw-la septimo_fw-la pontificatus_fw-la papae_fw-la eugenâi_fw-la âertii_fw-la et_fw-la ante_fw-la compilationem_fw-la aliorum_fw-la canonum_fw-la quorumcunque_fw-la cunctos_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la praelatos_fw-la proceresque_fw-la ac_fw-la magnates_fw-la ad_fw-la suum_fw-la convocans_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la 10._o in_fw-la svo_fw-la publico_fw-la parliamento_fw-la persistenââbus_fw-la personaliter_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la wuââtano_fw-la et_fw-la adelnodo_fw-la archiepiscopis_fw-la et_fw-la ailwino_fw-la episcopo_fw-la elmhamense_n et_fw-la aliis_fw-la episcopis_fw-la ipsorum_fw-la suffraganeis_fw-la septem_fw-la ducibus_fw-la cum_fw-la totidem_fw-la comitibus_fw-la necnon_fw-la diversorum_fw-la monasteriorum_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la abbatibus_fw-la cum_fw-la quamplurimis_fw-la gregariis_fw-la militibus_fw-la ac_fw-la cum_fw-la populi_fw-la multitudine_fw-la copiosa_fw-la ac_fw-la omnibus_fw-la tunc_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la parliamento_fw-la personalitur_fw-la exisientibus_fw-la votis_n regiis_fw-la unanimiter_fw-la consentientibns_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la et_fw-la decretum_fw-la fuit_fw-la quod_fw-la monasterium_fw-la sancti_fw-la edmondi_n etc._n etc._n sit_fw-la ab_fw-la omni_fw-la jurisdictione_n episcoporum_fw-la comitatus_fw-la illius_fw-la ex_fw-la tunc_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la funditus_fw-la liberum_fw-la et_fw-la exemptum_fw-la etc._n etc._n illustris_fw-la rex_fw-la hardicanutus_n praedicti_fw-la regis_fw-la canuti_n filius_fw-la haeres_fw-la et_fw-la successor_n ac_fw-la svi_fw-la patris_fw-la vestigiorum_fw-la devotus_fw-la imitator_n etc._n etc._n cum_fw-la laud_fw-la et_fw-la favore_fw-la aegelnodi_fw-la doroberniensis_fw-la nunc_fw-la catuariensis_fw-la et_fw-la alfrici_fw-la eborac_n episcoporum_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la suffraganeis_fw-la necnon_fw-la cunctorum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la mundanorum_fw-la principum_fw-la descriptum_fw-la constituit_fw-la roboraviâque_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la that_o which_o this_o manuscript_n style_v so_o often_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o winchester_n in_o the_o 5_o year_n of_o king_n cnute_n of_o which_o there_o be_v not_o one_o syllable_n in_o any_o of_o our_o historian_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v that_o which_o matthew_n westminster_n wigorniensis_n hoveden_n and_o simeon_n dunelmensis_n stile_n concilium_fw-la et_fw-la magnum_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n hold_v at_o cirencester_n
meis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o proprio_fw-la meo_fw-la lucrentur_fw-la et_fw-la inde_fw-la mihi_fw-la serviant_fw-la et_fw-la nemo_fw-la cogatur_fw-la ad_fw-la firmae_fw-la adjutorium_fw-la aliquid_fw-la dare_v nisi_fw-la sponte_fw-la sua_fw-la velit_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la aliquem_fw-la inde_fw-la gravabit_fw-la werae_fw-la suae_fw-la reus_fw-la sit_fw-la orga_fw-la regem_fw-la lex_fw-la 97._o si_fw-mi quis_fw-la ex_fw-la hac_fw-la vita_fw-la decedat_fw-la sine_fw-la distributione_n rerum_fw-la suarum_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la incustodiamâ_n vel_fw-la per_fw-la mortem_fw-la improvisam_fw-la non_fw-la usurpet_fw-la dominus_fw-la ejus_fw-la de_fw-la pecunia_fw-la nisi_fw-la quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la justam_fw-la relevationem_fw-la pertinet_fw-la quae_fw-la anglicè_fw-la voco_fw-la hereget_fw-la sed_fw-la sit_fw-la secundnm_fw-la dictionem_fw-la ejus_fw-la ipsa_fw-la pecunia_fw-la recte_fw-la divisa_fw-la uxori_fw-la pveris_fw-la et_fw-la propinquis_fw-la unicuique_fw-la secundum_fw-la modum_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la pertinet_fw-la et_fw-la sint_fw-la relevationes_fw-la ità _fw-la minutae_fw-la sicut_fw-la modus_fw-la est_fw-la comitis_fw-la sicut_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la perâinet_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la octo_fw-la equi_fw-la quatuor_fw-la sellati_fw-la quatuor_fw-la insellati_fw-la et_fw-la galeae_fw-la quatuor_fw-la et_fw-la loricae_fw-la quatuor_fw-la cum_fw-la octo_fw-la lanceis_fw-la et_fw-la totidem_fw-la scutis_fw-la et_fw-la gladii_fw-la quatuorâ_n et_fw-la cc._o marcae_fw-la auri_fw-la postea_fw-la thayni_n regis_fw-la qui_fw-la ei_fw-la proximus_fw-la sit_fw-la quatuor_fw-la equi_fw-la duo_fw-la sellati_fw-la et_fw-la duo_fw-la insellati_fw-la et_fw-la duo_fw-la gladii_fw-la et_fw-la quatuor_fw-la laâceae_fw-la et_fw-la totidem_fw-la scuta_fw-la et_fw-la galea_fw-la cum_fw-la lorica_fw-la sua_fw-la et_fw-la 50._o marcae_fw-la auri_fw-la et_fw-la mediocris_fw-la thayni_n equus_fw-la cum_fw-la apparatu_fw-la svo_fw-la et_fw-la arma_fw-la sua_fw-la vel_fw-la suum_fw-la halsfang_n in_o westsaxia_n in_fw-la mircenis_fw-la ij_o l._n in_fw-it estanglia_fw-it ij_o l._n et_fw-la si_fw-la notus_fw-la sit_fw-la regi_fw-la equi_fw-la duo_fw-la unus_fw-la cum_fw-la sella_fw-la et_fw-la alius_fw-la sine_fw-la sella_fw-la et_fw-la unus_fw-la gladius_fw-la et_fw-la dvae_fw-la lanceae_fw-la et_fw-la totidem_fw-la scuta_fw-la et_fw-la 50_o marcae_fw-la auri_fw-la et_fw-la qui_fw-la minus_fw-la potest_fw-la det_fw-la dvas_fw-la libras_fw-la 9_o lex_fw-la 104._o et_fw-la qui_fw-la fugiat_fw-la à _fw-la domino_fw-la vel_fw-la socio_fw-la svo_fw-la pro_fw-la timiditate_fw-la in_o expedâtione_fw-la navali_fw-la vel_fw-la terrestri_fw-la per_fw-la that_fw-mi omne_fw-la quod_fw-la suum_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la svam_fw-la âpsius_fw-la vitam_fw-la et_fw-la manus_fw-la mittat_fw-la dominus_fw-la ad_fw-la terram_fw-la quam_fw-la ei_fw-la antea_fw-la dederat_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la terram_fw-la haereditariam_fw-la habeat_fw-la ipsa_fw-la in_o manum_fw-la regis_fw-la transeat_fw-la lex_fw-la 105._o et_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la aâte_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sât_fw-la hoc_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la relevatitone_n condonatae_fw-la et_fw-la haâ_n beânt_fw-la haeredes_fw-la ejus_fw-la terram_fw-la sicut_fw-la et_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la svam_fw-la et_fw-la rectè_fw-la dividant_a inter_fw-la se._n lex_fw-la 107._o et_fw-la volo_fw-la ut_fw-la omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la pacem_fw-la habeat_fw-la eundo_fw-la ad_fw-la gemoâum_fw-la uâl_fw-la rediens_fw-la de_fw-fr gemoto_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la placito_fw-la nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la fur_n probatus_fw-la lex_fw-la 110._o qui_fw-la leges_fw-la istas_fw-la apostabit_fw-la quas_fw-la rex_fw-la modo_fw-la nobis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la indulsit_fw-la sit_fw-la dacus_n sit_fw-la anglus_fw-la werae_fw-la suae_fw-la reus_fw-la sit_fw-la erga_fw-la regâm_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la secundo_fw-la faciat_fw-la reddat_fw-la bis_fw-la weram_fw-la svam_fw-la si_fw-mi quis_fw-la addat_fw-la tertio_fw-la râus_fw-la sit_fw-la omnium_fw-la quae_fw-la habebit_fw-la in_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o law_n all_o corporal_a and_o pecuniary_a penalty_n and_o fine_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o offence_n and_o crime_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o certainty_n and_o none_o leave_v arbitrary_a and_o by_o lex_fw-la 104_o 105._o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o military_a law_n as_o well_o as_o the_o civil_a &_o ecclesiastical_a be_v make_v in_o and_o by_o advice_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o great_a council_n the_o 913._o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n inform_v we_o that_o king_n cnute_n per_fw-la chartam_fw-la svam_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la et_fw-la haeredibus_fw-la suis_fw-la dedit_fw-la quam_fw-la cito_fw-la post_fw-la in_o parliamento_fw-la svo_fw-la apud_fw-la wintoniam_fw-la 10._o when_o and_o where_o âhose_v law_n be_v make_v coram_fw-la omnibus_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la magnatibus_fw-la confirmavit_fw-la give_v and_o confirm_v the_o manor_n of_o horning_n ludham_n and_o netershede_v to_o the_o monastery_n of_o cowholm_n in_o norfolk_n and_o that_o one_o maynard_n ride_v towards_o this_o parliamentary_a council_n break_v his_o neck_n who_o have_v so_o incense_v the_o king_n against_o wulfriâ_n and_o the_o monk_n of_o this_o monastery_n that_o he_o threaten_v to_o put_v âhem_fw-mi to_o death_n what_o land_n and_o privilege_n he_o give_v by_o his_o charter_n to_o st._n cuthberts_n church_n in_o durham_n christs-church_n in_o canterbury_n and_o other_o monastery_n the_o 1910._o marginal_a author_n will_v inform_v we_o about_o the_o year_n 1034._o 1034._o lifeâ_n king_n cnute_n have_v obtain_v the_o sovereign_a dominion_n of_o england_n scotland_n norwey_n a_o great_a part_n of_o sweden_n and_o of_o all_o denmark_n principal_o by_o the_o sword_n through_o the_o flattery_n of_o his_o follower_n who_o style_v he_o a_o king_n of_o all_o king_n most_o mighty_a sovereign_n and_o the_o like_a who_o have_v under_o his_o subjection_n &_o dominion_n not_o only_o the_o people_n and_o land_n but_o the_o sea_n likewise_o &_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a dominion_n be_v so_o much_o elevate_v with_o pride_n of_o heart_n that_o he_o once_o command_v the_o royal_a throne_n of_o his_o empire_n to_o be_v place_v on_o the_o sea_n shore_n near_o the_o water_n as_o the_o sea_n be_v flow_v in_o upon_o it_o and_o then_o step_v up_o into_o his_o throne_n &_o sit_v in_o it_o he_o speak_v thus_o to_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o imperious_a manner_n as_o if_o he_o be_v absolute_a sovereign_n of_o it_o tu_fw-la meae_fw-la ditionis_fw-la es_fw-la etc._n etc._n thou_o be_v under_o my_o dominion_n and_o part_n of_o my_o empire_n and_o the_o land_n on_o which_o i_o sit_v be_v i_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o one_o in_o it_o who_o dare_v resist_v my_o command_n without_o punishment_n therefore_o i_o now_o command_v thou_o that_o thou_o ascend_v and_o come_v not_o up_o upon_o my_o land_n nor_o yet_o presume_v to_o wet_v my_o royal_a robe_n nor_o the_o foot_n or_o member_n of_o thy_o sovereign_n but_o the_o sea_n notwithstanding_o this_o inhibition_n ascend_v after_o its_o accustom_a manner_n and_o nature_n and_o no_o way_n obey_v his_o command_n wet_a both_o his_o foot_n leg_n and_o royal_a robe_n without_o any_o reverence_n whereupon_o the_o king_n leap_v hasty_o out_o of_o his_o throne_n almost_o over-late_a and_o retire_v from_o the_o wave_n use_v these_o word_n lât_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o world_n know_v that_o the_o power_n of_o king_n be_v but_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a and_o that_o no_o man_n be_v worthy_a the_o name_n of_o a_o king_n but_o he_o alone_o to_o who_o beck_n both_o heaven_n earth_n and_o the_o sea_n obey_v by_o everlasting_a law_n henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n superadde_v thereto_o as_o part_v of_o his_o speech_n which_o most_o other_o omit_v i_o be_o a_o wretch_n and_o a_o captive_n able_a to_o do_v nothing_o possess_v nothing_o without_o his_o gift_n i_o commend_v i_o recommend_v myself_o to_o he_o and_o let_v he_o be_v the_o guardian_n of_o debility_n amen_n after_o which_o king_n cnute_n never_o wear_v his_o crown_n upon_o his_o head_n but_o put_v it_o upon_o the_o head_n of_o the_o crucifix_n at_o winchester_n as_o most_o accord_n to_o the_o praise_n of_o the_o great_a king_n thereby_o give_v a_o great_a example_n of_o humility_n to_o king_n and_o conqueror_n who_o in_o the_o height_n of_o all_o their_o power_n can_v not_o command_v the_o sea_n or_o least_o wave_v not_o to_o flow_v or_o wash_v they_o henry_n de_fw-fr knyghton_n conceive_v this_o to_o be_v before_o his_o pilgrimage_n to_o rome_n other_o express_o record_v it_o be_v after_o his_o return_n from_o thence_o who_o computation_n i_o here_o follow_v and_o therefore_o place_v it_o in_o this_o year_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1035._o king_n cnute_n a_o little_a before_o his_o death_n 1035._o make_v this_o partition_n of_o his_o kingdom_n among_o his_o son_n other_o swain_n his_o son_n by_o q._n algiva_n or_o as_o some_o affirm_v of_o a_o priest_n wife_n suborn_v by_o algiva_n as_o her_o own_o he_o make_v king_n of_o norwey_n his_o son_n hardecnute_a by_o queen_n emma_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o denmark_n as_o wigorniensis_n hoveden_n and_o other_o write_v yet_o some_o gainsay_v it_o that_o he_o make_v his_o son_n harold_n king_n of_o england_n and_o soon_o after_o die_v at_o shaftesbury_n november_n 12._o 1035._o and_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n immediate_o after_o his_o decease_n the_o noble_n meet_v at_o oxford_n about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a â_z which_o our_o historian_n thus_o
vix_fw-la aliquis_fw-la id_fw-la possit_fw-la persolvere_fw-la quapropter_fw-la omnibus_fw-la qui_fw-la prius_fw-la adventum_fw-la ejus_fw-la desiderabant_fw-la magnopere_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la exosus_fw-la summopere_fw-la anno_fw-la 1041._o hardecnute_a king_n of_o england_n huscarlas_n missit_fw-la per_fw-la omnes_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la provincias_fw-la or_o ministros_fw-la suos_fw-la per_fw-la omnes_fw-la fine_n regni_fw-la destinavit_fw-la send_v his_o officer_n through_o all_o the_o county_n &_o part_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o exact_v and_o collect_v the_o tribute_n which_o he_o have_v impose_v without_o spare_v any_o and_o to_o furnish_v his_o mariner_n with_o all_o necessary_n from_o thence_o two_o of_o which_o officer_n faeder_n and_o turstin_n exact_v this_o importable_a tribute_n with_o great_a rigour_n and_o cruelty_n from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o worcester_n be_v thereupon_o tumultuous_o slay_v by_o they_o in_o a_o monastery_n whither_o they_o flee_v for_o sanctuary_n on_o the_o 4_o the_o day_n of_o may._n the_o king_n be_v very_o much_o incense_v therewith_o send_v godwin_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o england_n and_o almost_o all_o his_o officer_n and_o whole_a army_n thither_o âo_o avenge_v their_o death_n command_v they_o to_o slay_v all_o the_o man_n if_o they_o can_v &_o to_o pillage_n and_o burn_v the_o whole_a city_n and_o county_n who_o come_v thither_o the_o 2._o of_o november_n waste_v the_o city_n and_o county_n for_o 4._o day_n space_n but_o take_v or_o slay_v few_o of_o the_o city_n or_o county_n because_o they_o have_v notice_n of_o their_o come_n flee_v all_o away_o to_o a_o island_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o severn_n call_v beverage_n which_o âhey_v fortify_v and_o so_o long_o manful_o defend_v against_o their_o enemy_n till_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o peace_n and_o obtain_v leave_v quiet_o to_o return_v to_o their_o home_n whereupon_o on_o the_o five_o day_n they_o burn_v the_o city_n every_o one_o return_v with_o great_a booty_n and_o thereupon_o the_o king_n wrath_n be_v pacify_v but_o his_o reputation_n much_o eclipse_v and_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n lose_v by_o that_o cruelty_n and_o tax_n 1._o which_o it_o seem_v be_v impose_v by_o his_o own_o arbitrary_a power_n without_o any_o grant_n or_o common_a consent_n in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n unde_fw-la cunctis_fw-la qui_fw-la prius_fw-la ejus_fw-la adventum_fw-la optaverant_fw-la in_o angliam_fw-la exosus_fw-la effectus_fw-la est_fw-la writes_z 412._o mat._n westminster_n contumeliam_fw-la famae_fw-la &_o amori_fw-la svo_fw-la detrimentum_fw-la ingessit_fw-la add_v 12._o malmsbury_n this_o whole_a tribute_n amount_v but_o to_o 32137_o l._n which_o come_v not_o to_o the_o moiety_n of_o one_o month_n contribution_n or_o excise_n in_o our_o day_n 407._o john_n speed_v and_o some_o other_o write_v that_o earl_n godwin_n devise_v how_o the_o crown_n may_v be_v wear_v by_o he_o or_o he_o to_o separate_v the_o heart_n of_o the_o subject_n from_o the_o prince_n thaen_n which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o great_a wound_n unto_o both_o cause_v the_o king_n to_o impose_v heavy_a tribute_n upon_o the_o english_a only_o to_o pay_v the_o dane_n in_o his_o fleet_n appoint_v every_o common_a soldier_n and_o mariner_n to_o receive_v 8._o mark_n in_o money_n and_o every_o officer_n and_o master_n 12._o amount_v to_o the_o sum_n of_o 32147_o l._n for_o the_o payment_n whereof_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o grudge_n that_o two_o of_o his_o collector_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o worcester_n which_o cause_v their_o city_n to_o be_v burn_v and_o part_n of_o the_o county_n to_o be_v spoil_v by_o the_o king_n command_n and_o their_o bishop_n alfred_n expulse_v the_o see_v till_o with_o money_n he_o have_v purchase_v his_o peace_n but_o observe_v god_n justice_n on_o this_o exactor_n and_o tax-imposing_a king_n soon_o after_o his_o cruelty_n at_o worcester_n as_o he_o be_v revel_v and_o carrouze_a amid_o his_o cup_n at_o lambheth_n at_o a_o solemn_a mariage-feast_n between_o a_o danish_a lord_n and_o gotha_n a_o english_a lady_n he_o sudden_o fall_v down_o dead_a to_o the_o ground_n without_o speech_n or_o breath_n âot_n be_v lament_v nor_o desire_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o unwonted_a tax_n excess_n and_o riot_n yea_o so_o far_o be_v all_o âorts_n from_o bewail_v he_o ibidem_fw-la that_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o freedom_n from_o the_o danish_a yoke_n which_o they_o attain_v ever_o since_o among_o the_o common_a people_n the_o 8._o of_o june_n the_o very_a day_n of_o his_o death_n be_v annual_o celebrate_v with_o open_a pastime_n in_o the_o street_n as_o the_o old_a roman_n keep_v their_o fugalia_fw-la for_o chase_v out_o their_o king_n which_o time_n be_v now_o call_v hoctide_n or_o herextide_v signify_v a_o time_n of_o scorn_v or_o contempt_n which_o fall_v upon_o the_o dane_n by_o his_o death_n when_o he_o have_v voluptuous_o and_o oppress_o reign_v over_o the_o english_a not_o full_a two_o year_n want_v ten_o day_n thereof_o now_o here_o take_v special_a notice_n of_o god_n exemplary_a justice_n upon_o king_n cnute_n the_o danish_a usurper_n and_o invader_n of_o other_o man_n crown_n and_o kingdom_n by_o treachery_n blood_n war_n treason_n the_o murder_n of_o edmund_n ironside_n pr._n edwin_n and_o alfred_n and_o exile_n of_o the_o royal_a posterity_n his_o base_a son_n harold_n dispossess_v his_o legitimate_a son_n hardecnute_a of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n contrary_a to_o his_o will_n and_o contract_n banish_v and_o spoil_v his_o own_o queen_n emma_n of_o her_o treasure_n and_o jewel_n oppress_v the_o people_n with_o tax_n and_o be_v soon_o cut_v ãâã_d by_o death_n without_o any_o issue_n hardecnute_a after_o his_o death_n dig_v up_o his_o brother_n harold_n corpse_n behead_v and_o then_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o common_a sink_n &_o thames_n incur_v god_n and_o his_o people_n hatred_n by_o his_o oppression_n tax_n luxury_n and_o be_v take_v away_o sudden_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o age_n without_o issue_n before_o he_o have_v reign_v two_o year_n his_o son_n 105â_n swain_n to_o who_o he_o bequeath_v the_o kingdom_n of_o norwey_n which_o he_o get_v by_o treachery_n bribery_n force_n and_o the_o expulsion_n murder_n oâ_n their_o rightful_a pious_a king_n olaus_n be_v expel_v both_o out_o of_o norwey_n and_o denmark_n too_o by_o magnus_n the_o son_n of_o olaus_n the_o english_a army_n send_v by_o hardecnute_a to_o re-establish_a he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norwey_n rout_v in_o the_o field_n and_o so_o force_v home_o thence_o with_o dishonour_n leave_v magnus_n in_o possession_n not_o only_o of_o norwey_n but_o denmark_n which_o he_o conquer_v and_o make_v tributary_n to_o he_o thus_o be_v all_o his_o three_o son_n within_o 8_o year_n space_n after_o cnutes_n death_n quite_o strip_v of_o all_o their_o three_o kingdom_n acquire_v by_o war_n blood_n conquest_n treachery_n and_o the_o english_a and_o norwegian_a royal_a line_n restore_v to_o their_o right_n and_o crown_n again_o what_o person_n then_o in_o their_o right_a sense_n will_v impious_o spend_v much_o treasure_n levy_v on_o the_o oppress_a people_n by_o violence_n rapine_n uncessant_a tax_n excise_n or_o shed_v much_o human_a christian_a blood_n to_o purchase_v other_o man_n crown_n kingdom_n which_o be_v not_o only_o full_a of_o care_n and_o trouble_n but_o so_o unstable_a short_a and_o momentary_a in_o their_o fruition_n as_o be_v most_o evident_a by_o the_o danish_a intruder_n chap._n v._o contain_v a_o brief_a historical_a collection_n of_o all_o the_o parliamentary_a council_n state-assembly_n historical_a passage_n and_o proceed_n that_o concern_v the_o fundamental_a liberty_n privilege_n right_n property_n law_n and_o government_n of_o the_o nation_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n from_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1042._o to_o 1066._o wherein_o he_o die_v king_n hardecnute_a be_v sudden_o take_v out_o of_o this_o world_n without_o issue_n 1042._o by_o divine_a justice_n on_o the_o 6_o day_n of_o june_n anno_fw-la 1042._o thereupon_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n immediate_o âfter_o his_o death_n assemble_v together_o in_o a_o great_a council_n about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n wherein_o grafton_n omnes_fw-la anglorum_fw-la magnates_fw-la ad_fw-la invicâm_fw-la tractantes_fw-la de_fw-fr communi_fw-la concilio_n et_fw-la juramento_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la quod_fw-la nunquam_fw-la temporibus_fw-la futuris_fw-la aliquis_fw-la dacus_n super_fw-la eos_n in_o anglia_fw-it regnaret_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la maximâ_n pro_fw-la contemptibus_fw-la quos_fw-la angli_fw-la à _fw-la dane_n saepiuâ_n accâperunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n &_o other_o inform_v we_o all_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o english_a treat_v together_o decree_v by_o common_a advice_n which_o they_o ratify_v with_o a_o oath_n that_o in_o time_n to_o come_n never_o any_o daâe_n or_o person_n of_o the_o danish_a blood_n shall_v reign_v or_o be_v king_n overdo_n they_o in_o england_n any_o more_o
danicos_fw-la solidarios_fw-la imposuerat_fw-la as_o 938.943_o brompton_n render_v it_o in_o another_o place_n roger_n the_o hunedon_n annalium_fw-la pars_fw-la 1._o p._n 441._o rodolphus_n de_fw-fr diceto_fw-la abbreviatione_fw-la chronicorum_fw-la col_fw-fr 145._o ââe_v the_o same_o word_n ailredus_fw-la abbas_n rievallis_n de_fw-fr vita_fw-la &_o miraculis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la confessori_fw-la col._n 383._o thus_o relate_v it_o insuper_fw-la &_o tributum_fw-la illud_fw-la gravissimum_fw-la quod_fw-la tempore_fw-la patris_fw-la svi_fw-la primo_fw-la classi_fw-la danicae_fw-la pendebâtur_fw-la postmodum_fw-la vero_fw-la fisco_fw-la regio_fw-la annis_n singulis_fw-la inferâbatur_fw-la regius_fw-la liberalitate_fw-la remisit_fw-la et_fw-la ab_fw-la onere_fw-la hoc_fw-la importabili_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la angliam_fw-la absolvit_fw-la vnde_fw-la sancto_fw-la huic_fw-la regi_fw-la non_fw-la inconuenienter_fw-la aptatur_fw-la quod_fw-la scriptum_fw-la est_fw-la bââtus_fw-la vir_fw-la qui_fw-la inventus_fw-la sine_fw-la macula_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la post_fw-la aurum_fw-la non_fw-la abiit_fw-la nec_fw-la speravit_fw-la in_o pecuniae_fw-la thesauris_fw-la post_fw-la aurum_fw-la non_fw-la abiit_fw-la quod_fw-la potius_fw-la dâspersit_fw-la nec_fw-la speravit_fw-la in_o thesauris_fw-la quos_fw-la in_o dei_fw-la opere_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la minuit_fw-la quam_fw-la consumpsit_fw-la 418._o matthew_n westminster_n record_v it_o in_o these_o word_n anno_fw-la gratiae_fw-la 1051._o rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la a_fw-la vectigali_fw-la gravissimo_fw-la anglos_n absolvit_fw-la quod_fw-la patre_fw-la vivente_fw-la danicis_n stipendâariis_fw-la triginto_fw-la octo_fw-la millia_fw-la librarum_fw-la solvi_fw-la consuevit_fw-la henry_n de_fw-fr knighton_n de_fw-fr eventibus_fw-la angliae_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 9_o fol._n 233_o 1â_n and_o higden_n in_o his_o polychronicon_n lib._n 6._o c._n 24._o f._n 254._o thus_o relate_v it_o rex_fw-la edvardus_fw-la absolvit_fw-la anglos_n a_o gravi_fw-la tributo_fw-la quod_fw-la paâur_fw-la ejus_fw-la ethelredus_fw-la danicis_n solidariis_fw-la solvi_fw-la fecerat_fw-la &_o jam_fw-la per_fw-la 40._o annos_fw-la duraverat_fw-la which_o fabian_n in_o his_o chronicle_n part_v 8._o c._n 210._o p._n 282._o graâton_n in_o his_o chronicle_n p._n 170._o speed_z in_o his_o history_n p._n 410._o holinshâad_a and_o other_o thus_o express_v this_o king_n enward_o discharge_v english_a man_n of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o heavy_a tribute_n call_v danegeld_v which_o his_o father_n ethelred_n have_v make_v they_o pay_v to_o the_o soldier_n of_o denmark_n and_o have_v then_o dure_v 40._o year_n so_o that_o after_o that_o day_n it_o be_v no_o more_o gather_v abbot_n juguphus_fw-la historiae_fw-la pag._n 897._o thus_o record_v it_o more_o at_o large_a eodem_fw-la etiam_fw-la anno_fw-la 1051._o cum_fw-la terra_fw-la non_fw-la daret_fw-la solitâ_fw-la fertilitate_fw-la fructus_fw-la suos_fw-la sed_fw-la fames_fw-la plurimos_fw-la habitatores_fw-la devoraret_fw-la in_fw-la tantum_fw-la ut_fw-la bladuum_fw-la carentia_fw-la &_o panis_fw-la inopia_fw-la multa_fw-la hominum_fw-la millia_fw-la morierentur_fw-la miserecordiâ_fw-la motus_fw-la super_fw-la populum_fw-la piâssimus_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la tributum_fw-la gravisimum_fw-la quod_fw-la danigelo_n dicebatur_fw-la omni_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la relaxavit_fw-la ferunt_fw-la quidam_fw-la regem_fw-la sanctissimum_fw-la cum_fw-la dictum_fw-la danigeld_n cublcularii_fw-la svi_fw-la collectum_fw-la in_o regis_fw-la cameram_fw-la infudissent_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la videndum_fw-la tanti_fw-la thesauri_fw-la cumulum_fw-la ipsum_fw-la adduxissent_fw-la ad_fw-la primum_fw-la aspectum_fw-la exhorruisse_fw-la protestantem_fw-la se_fw-la daemonem_fw-la super_fw-la acervum_fw-la pecuniae_fw-la saltantem_fw-la &_o nimio_fw-la gaudio_fw-la exultantem_fw-la prospexisse_fw-la unde_fw-la pristinis_fw-la possessoribus_fw-la jussit_fw-la statim_fw-la reddere_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr tam_fw-la fera_fw-fr exactione_n ne_fw-fr jota_fw-la unum_fw-la voluit_fw-la retinere_fw-la quin_fw-la in_o perpetuum_fw-la remisit_fw-la anno_fw-la scilicet_fw-la 38._o ex_fw-la quo_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la ethelredi_fw-la patris_fw-la svi_fw-la suanus_fw-la rex_fw-la danorum_fw-la svo_fw-la exercitui_fw-la illud_fw-la solvi_fw-la singulis_fw-la annis_fw-la imperavit_fw-la this_o history_n of_o the_o devil_n dance_v upon_o this_o money_n be_v thus_o more_o full_o relate_v by_o roger_n de_fw-fr honeden_n annaliâm_fw-la pars_fw-la prio_fw-la pag._n 447._o item_n de_fw-fr eodem_fw-la rege_fw-la edvardo_fw-la quadam_fw-la die_fw-la contigit_fw-la quod_fw-la cum_fw-la praedistus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la edwardus_fw-la regninâ_fw-la &_o comite_fw-la haraldo_n deducentibus_fw-la aerarium_fw-la suum_fw-la intravit_fw-la ut_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la videret_fw-la magnam_fw-la quam_fw-la regina_fw-la &_o comes_fw-la haraldus_n rege_fw-la ipso_fw-la nesciente_fw-la colligissent_fw-la ad_fw-la opus_fw-la regis_fw-la scilicet_fw-la per_fw-la singulos_fw-la comitatus_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la de_fw-la unaquaque_fw-la hida_fw-la terrae_fw-la quatuor_fw-la denarios_fw-la ut_fw-la rex_fw-la inde_fw-la contra_fw-la natale_fw-la domini_fw-la pannos_fw-la emeret_fw-la ad_fw-la opus_fw-la militum_fw-la &_o servientium_fw-la suorum_fw-la cumque_fw-la rex_fw-la intrasset_fw-la aerarium_fw-la suum_fw-la comitantibus_fw-la regnia_fw-la &_o comite_fw-la haraldo_n videt_fw-la diabolum_fw-la sedentem_fw-la inter_fw-la denarios_fw-la illos_fw-la &_o ait_fw-la illi_fw-la rex_fw-la quid_fw-la hic_fw-la facis_fw-la cui_fw-la daemon_n respondit_fw-la 1._o custodio_fw-la hic_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la meam_fw-la &_o dixit_fw-la rex_fw-la conjuro_fw-la te_fw-la per_fw-la patrem_fw-la &_o filium_fw-la &_o spiritum_fw-la sanctum_fw-la ut_fw-la indices_fw-la mihi_fw-la quamobrem_fw-la pecunia_fw-la ista_fw-la tua_fw-la est_fw-la &_o respondens_fw-la dixit_fw-la ei_fw-la daemon_n quia_fw-la injust_a accquisita_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la substantia_fw-la pauperum_fw-la illi_fw-la autem_fw-la qui_fw-la illum_fw-la comitabantur_fw-la stabant_fw-la stupefacti_fw-la audientes_fw-la quidem_fw-la illos_fw-la loquentes_fw-la neminem_fw-la autem_fw-la videntes_fw-la praeter_fw-la solum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o ait_fw-la illis_fw-la rex_fw-la reddite_fw-la denarios_fw-la istos_fw-la illis_fw-la a_o quibus_fw-la capti_fw-la sunt_fw-la &_o fecerunt_fw-la sicut_fw-la praecepit_fw-la illis_fw-la rex_fw-la which_o be_v likewise_o remember_v by_o capgrave_n surius_n ribadeniera_n and_o other_o in_o the_o life_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n from_o all_o which_o relation_n compare_v together_o it_o be_v apparent_a first_o that_o dangeld_n be_v a_o great_a most_o heavy_a and_o intolerable_a tribute_n first_o impose_v in_o king_n ethelreds_n reign_n to_o pay_v the_o danish_a navy_n and_o soldier_n then_o invade_v england_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o plunder_v and_o spoil_v the_o people_n 2._o that_o king_n swain_n the_o invade_v and_o usurp_a dane_n after_o he_o have_v get_v the_o power_n of_o this_o realm_n impose_v it_o annualy_a on_o the_o english_a and_o make_v it_o any_o early_a tribute_n to_o pay_v his_o army_n 3._o that_o the_o danish_a succeed_v king_n continue_v and_o make_v it_o a_o kind_n of_o annual_a revenue_n to_o cloth_n and_o pay_v their_o soldier_n and_o mariner_n for_o sundry_a year_n together_o 4._o that_o it_o be_v yearly_o pay_v unto_o the_o king_n exchequer_n and_o reduce_v to_o a_o certainty_n to_o wit_n four_o penny_n a_o year_n out_o of_o every_o hide_n or_o plough_v land_n throughout_o england_n or_o else_o twelve_o penny_n or_o two_o shilling_n a_o year_n as_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o black_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n in_o his_o glossaryâ_n title_n danegold_n affirm_v 5._o that_o king_n edward_n officer_n after_o the_o danish_a king_n expire_v reign_v do_v collect_v it_o of_o the_o english_a subject_n without_o his_o privity_n to_o clothe_v and_o pay_v his_o soldier_n and_o follower_n 6._o that_o he_o out_o of_o mercy_n piety_n conscience_n and_o justice_n to_o his_o people_n not_o only_o restore_v it_o to_o they_o when_o collect_v and_o bring_v into_o his_o exchequer_n without_o retain_v one_o farthing_n of_o it_o but_o likewise_o for_o ever_o release_v it_o to_o they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o collect_v during_o his_o reign_n 7._o that_o tax_n unjust_o levy_v upon_o the_o poor_a oppress_a people_n be_v very_o please_v and_o acceptable_a to_o the_o devil_n himself_o who_o claim_v the_o money_n so_o collect_v for_o his_o own_o and_o that_o the_o collector_n and_o exacter_n of_o such_o tax_n though_o for_o the_o payment_n of_o army_n and_o soldier_n be_v real_o but_o the_o devil_n agent_n and_o instrument_n who_o will_v one_o day_n pay_v they_o their_o deserve_a wage_n 8._o that_o heavy_a oppression_n and_o tax_n though_o for_o pretend_a public_a necessity_n continue_v for_o many_o year_n together_o ought_v not_o only_o to_o be_v eternal_o remit_v but_o restore_v when_o collect_v by_o all_o conscientious_a pious_a righteous_a merciful_a saintlike_a king_n and_o governor_n 9_o that_o illegal_a heavy_a taxeâ_n impose_v by_o or_o for_o invade_v usurper_n if_o once_o submit_v to_o and_o not_o strong_o oppose_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n will_v soon_o be_v claim_v &_o levy_v as_o a_o customary_a early_o legal_a revenue_n both_o by_o the_o imposer_n and_o their_o successor_n and_o hardly_o be_v lay_v down_o and_o discontinue_v again_o for_o the_o people_n ease_n 10._o that_o this_o tax_n of_o danegeld_n amount_v but_o to_o thirty_o eight_o or_o forty_o thousand_o â_z in_o one_o whole_a year_n be_v in_o truth_n a_o heavy_a and_o intolerable_a burden_n and_o grievous_a oppression_n to_o the_o whole_a nâtion_n fit_a to_o be_v abolish_v aâd_v release_v especial_o in_o time_n
corroboratae_fw-la &_o consecâaâae_fw-la sunt_fw-la prae_fw-la caeteris_fw-la regni_fw-la legibus_fw-la leges_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la quae_fw-la quidem_fw-la prius_fw-la inventae_fw-la &_o constitutae_fw-la âuerunt_fw-la tempore_fw-la regis_fw-la edgari_fw-la avi_fw-la svi_fw-la veruntatem_fw-la post_fw-la mortem_fw-la ipsius_fw-la regis_fw-la edgari_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la coronationem_fw-la s._n regis_fw-la edw._n quod_fw-la continet_fw-la annos_fw-la 67_o predictae_fw-la leges_fw-la sopitae_fw-la sunt_fw-la et_fw-la penitus_fw-la praetermissae_fw-la sed_fw-la postquam_fw-la rex_fw-la edwardus_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la fuit_fw-la sublimatus_fw-la consilio_fw-la baronum_fw-la angliae_fw-la legem_fw-la 67_o annis_fw-la âopitain_n excitavit_fw-la excitatam_fw-la reparavit_fw-la reparatam_fw-la decoravit_fw-la decoratam_fw-la confirmavit_fw-la &_o confirmata_fw-la vocata_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la sancti_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la prius_fw-la ipse_fw-la invenisset_fw-la eam_fw-la sed_fw-la cum_fw-la praetermissa_fw-la fuisset_fw-la &_o oblivioni_fw-la penitus_fw-la dedita_fw-la â_o morte_fw-la avi_fw-la svi_fw-la regis_fw-la edgari_fw-la qui_fw-la prius_fw-la inventor_n ejus_fw-la fuisse_fw-la dicitur_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la sua_fw-la tempora_fw-la videlicet_fw-la 67_o annis_fw-la the_o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n col_fw-fr 956_o 957._o give_v we_o this_o large_a account_n of_o these_o and_o our_o other_o ancient_a law_n this_o holy_a king_n edward_n the_o confessor_n leges_fw-la commune_v anglorum_fw-la genti_fw-la tempore_fw-la svo_fw-la ordinavit_fw-la ordain_v common_a law_n in_o his_o time_n for_o the_o english_a nation_n because_o the_o law_n promulge_v in_o former_a time_n be_v over-partial_a for_o dunwallo_n molmucius_n first_o of_o all_o set_v forth_o law_n in_o britain_n who_o law_n be_v call_v molmucine_n sufficient_o famous_a until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n among_o which_o he_o ordain_v that_o the_o city_n 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present_v upon_o oath_n to_o and_o confirm_v by_o king_n william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o which_o 914._o ingulphus_n abbot_n of_o croyland_n in_o the_o close_a of_o his_o history_n to_o which_o they_o be_v 172._o annex_v in_o some_o manuscript_n give_v we_o this_o account_n flourish_v in_o that_o age_n attuli_fw-la eadem_fw-la vice_fw-la mecum_fw-la de_fw-la londonâis_fw-la in_o meum_fw-la monasterium_fw-la leges_fw-la aequissimi_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la quas_fw-la dominus_fw-la meus_fw-la inclytus_fw-la rex_fw-la willielmus_fw-la autenticas_fw-la esse_fw-la et_fw-la perpetuas_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la inviolabiliter_fw-la tenendas_fw-la sub_fw-la paenis_fw-la gravissimis_fw-la proclamarat_fw-la et_fw-la suis_fw-la insticiariis_fw-la commendarat_fw-la eodem_fw-la idiomate_fw-la quo_fw-la editae_fw-la runt_n ne_fw-la per_fw-la ignorantiam_fw-la contingat_fw-la nos_fw-la vel_fw-la nostros_fw-la 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wife_n on_o who_o he_o beget_v harold_n swain_n wulnoth_n tosti_n girth_n and_o leofwin_n harold_n after_o edward_n be_v king_n for_o some_o month_n and_o be_v conquer_v by_o william_n at_o hastings_n lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n with_o his_o two_o young_a brother_n there_o slay_v in_o battle_n wulnoth_n send_v into_o normandy_n by_o king_n edward_n because_o his_o father_n have_v give_v he_o for_o a_o hostage_n be_v there_o detain_v a_o prisoner_n without_o any_o release_n during_o all_o king_n edward_n life_n and_o be_v send_v back_o into_o england_n in_o william_n reign_n continue_v in_o bond_n at_o sarisbury_n till_o his_o old_a age_n swain_n of_o a_o perverse_a wit_n treacherous_a against_o his_o king_n revolt_v oftentimes_o both_o from_o his_o father_n and_o his_o brother_n harold_n and_o become_v a_o pirate_n pollute_v the_o virtue_n of_o his_o ancestor_n with_o his_o maritime_a robbery_n and_o murder_n at_o last_o go_v barefoot_a to_o jerusalem_n in_o pilgrimage_n out_o of_o conscience_n to_o expiate_v the_o wilful_a murder_n of_o his_o cousin_n breuno_n and_o as_o some_o say_v his_o brother_n in_o his_o return_n thence_o he_o be_v circumvent_v and_o slay_v by_o the_o saracen_n tosti_n be_v advance_v by_o king_n edward_n to_o the_o earldom_n of_o northumberland_n after_o the_o death_n of_o earl_n syward_a rule_v the_o county_n near_o two_o year_n which_o be_v expire_v he_o stir_v up_o the_o northumbrian_n to_o a_o rebellion_n with_o the_o asperity_n of_o his_o manner_n for_o find_v he_o solitary_a they_o chase_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n not_o think_v âit_a to_o slay_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o dukedom_n but_o they_o behead_v all_o his_o man_n both_o english_a and_o dane_n and_o spoil_v he_o of_o all_o his_o horse_n arm_n and_o householdstuff_n whereupon_o be_v deprive_v of_o his_o earldom_n he_o go_v with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n into_o flanders_n and_o at_o
quia_fw-la ita_fw-la se_fw-la mansuete_fw-la ageret_fw-la ut_fw-la nec_fw-la viles_fw-la homunculos_fw-la verbo_fw-la laedere_fw-la noscet_fw-la nam_fw-la dum_fw-la quâdam_fw-la vice_fw-la venatum_fw-la isset_fw-la et_fw-la agrestis_fw-la quidem_fw-la stabulata_fw-la illa_fw-la quibus_fw-la in_o cass_n cervi_fw-la urgentur_fw-la confudisset_fw-la ille_fw-la sua_fw-la nobili_fw-la percitus_fw-la ira_fw-la per_fw-la deum_fw-la inquit_fw-la et_fw-la matrem_fw-la ejus_fw-la tantundem_fw-la tibi_fw-la nocebo_fw-la si_fw-la potero_fw-la egregius_fw-la animus_n quise_z regem_fw-la in_o talibus_fw-la non_fw-la meminisset_fw-la nec_fw-la abjectae_fw-la conditionis_fw-la homini_fw-la se_fw-la posse_fw-la nocere_fw-la putaret_fw-la erat_fw-la interea_fw-la ejus_fw-la apud_fw-la domesticos_fw-la reverentia_fw-la vehemens_fw-la apud_fw-la exteros_fw-la metus_fw-la ingens_fw-la fovebat_fw-la profecto_fw-la ejus_fw-la simplicitatem_fw-la deus_fw-la ut_fw-la posset_n timeri_fw-la qui_fw-la nesciret_fw-la irasci_fw-la no_o wonder_v then_o if_o his_o death_n be_v much_o lament_v by_o all_o his_o subject_n 402._o cum_fw-la omnes_fw-la et_fw-la in_o rege_fw-la cernerent_fw-la unde_fw-la gauderent_fw-la et_fw-la in_o se_fw-la sentirent_fw-la undâ_n dolerent_fw-la the_o english_a nobility_n be_v much_o trouble_v and_o divide_v in_o their_o mind_n and_o affection_n which_o be_v waver_v touch_v the_o election_n of_o a_o âit_a person_n to_o succeed_v he_o 433._o fluctuabant_fw-la proceres_fw-la regni_fw-la quem_fw-la sibi_fw-la regem_fw-la praeficerent_fw-la et_fw-la rectorem_fw-la many_o of_o they_o favour_v william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n as_o special_o design_v by_o king_n edward_n to_o succeed_v he_o other_o of_o they_o incline_v to_o prince_n edgar_n atheling_n as_o the_o next_o and_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n cui_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la debebatur_fw-la other_o of_o they_o favour_a harold_n earl_n godwin_n son_n as_o be_v a_o person_n then_o of_o great_a power_n and_o valour_n in_o the_o realm_n 99_o anglia_fw-it dubio_fw-la fauâre_fw-la nutabat_fw-la cui_fw-la se_fw-la râctori_fw-la committeret_fw-la incerta_fw-la a_o haraldo_n a_o willielmo_n a_o edgaro_n no_o &_o illum_fw-la pro_fw-la genere_fw-la proximum_fw-la regno_fw-la proceribus_fw-la rex_fw-la commendaverat_fw-la harold_n be_v a_o crafty_a subtle_a man_n know_v that_o delay_n be_v hurtful_a to_o those_o who_o be_v prepare_v on_o the_o very_a day_n of_o epiphany_n whereon_o king_n edward_n be_v bury_v have_v the_o command_n of_o all_o the_o militia_n and_o force_n of_o the_o realm_n as_o general_n and_o viceroy_n to_o the_o decease_a kiug_n by_o the_o strength_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o kindred_n and_o friend_n invade_v and_o seize_v upon_o the_o royal_a crown_n and_o then_o present_o set_v it_o upon_o his_o own_o head_n crowning_z himself_z king_n without_o any_o title_n right_o or_o due_a election_n by_o the_o noble_n or_o coronation_n by_o the_o bishop_n whereby_o he_o incur_v the_o hatred_n both_o of_o the_o english_a prelate_n and_o pope_n and_o then_o extort_a allegâance_n from_o the_o noble_n as_o william_n of_o malmsbury_n matthew_n paris_n ingulphus_n henry_n huntindon_n matthew_n westminster_n the_o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n knyghton_n caxton_n mr._n fox_n speed_n and_o some_o other_o attest_v but_o marianus_n scotus_n florent_fw-la wigorniensis_n roger_n de_fw-fr hoveden_n sim._n dunelm_n radulfus_n de_fw-fr diceto_n eadmerus_n hygden_n fabian_n grafton_n with_o other_o write_v in_o favour_n of_o harold_n that_o king_n edward_n before_o his_o death_n make_v he_o not_o only_o his_o general_n but_o viceroy_n and_o ordain_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v king_n after_o he_o whereupon_o a_o totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la primatibus_fw-la ad_fw-la regale_n culmen_fw-la electus_fw-la he_o be_v elect_v to_o be_v king_n by_o all_o the_o noble_n of_o englandâ_n and_o solemn_o consecrate_v and_o crown_v king_n by_o aldred_n archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o so_o juxta_fw-la quod_fw-la ante_fw-la mortem_fw-la edwardus_fw-la statuerat_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la ei_fw-la successit_fw-la haroldus_n write_v 5._o eadmerus_n that_o king_n edward_n design_v he_o for_o his_o successor_n in_o the_o crown_n seem_v very_o improbable_a because_o harold_n himself_o never_o allege_v nor_o pretend_v it_o in_o any_o of_o his_o answer_n to_o duke_n william_n ambassador_n to_o he_o who_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o his_o special_a bequest_n and_o designation_n in_o his_o life-time_n and_o because_o king_n edward_n hatred_n to_o godwin_n and_o his_o posterity_n seem_v inconsistent_a with_o itâ_n 93._o william_n of_o malmsbury_n a_o impartial_a disengage_v author_n live_v in_o or_o near_o that_o time_n give_v we_o this_o determination_n of_o these_o different_a relation_n recenti_fw-la adhuc_fw-la regalis_fw-la funeris_fw-la luctu_fw-la haroldus_n ipso_fw-la theophaniae_fw-la die_fw-la extorta_fw-la a_o principibus_fw-la fide_fw-la arripuit_fw-la diadema_fw-la quamvis_fw-la angli_fw-la dicant_fw-la a_o rege_fw-la concessum_fw-la quod_fw-la tamen_fw-la magis_fw-la benevolentia_fw-la quam_fw-la judicio_fw-la allegari_fw-la existimo_fw-la ut_fw-la illi_fw-la haereditâtem_fw-la tranâfunderet_fw-la svam_fw-la cujus_fw-la semper_fw-la suspectam_fw-la habuerat_fw-la potentiam_fw-la quamvis_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la celetur_fw-la veritas_fw-la pro_fw-la persona_fw-la quam_fw-la gerebat_fw-la regnum_fw-la prudentiae_fw-la &_o fortitudine_fw-la gubernaret_fw-la si_fw-la legitime_fw-la suscepiscet_fw-la abbot_n 900._o ingulphus_n live_v at_o that_o time_n thus_o relate_v his_o intrusion_n into_o the_o throne_n against_o his_o oath_n in_o crastino_fw-la regii_fw-la funeris_fw-la comes_fw-la haroldus_n conâra_fw-la suum_fw-la statum_fw-la &_o jusjurandum_fw-la contâmpler_n praestiâae_fw-la âidei_fw-la ac_fw-la nequiter_fw-la oblitus_fw-la svi_fw-la sacramenâi_fw-la throno_fw-la râgio_fw-la se_fw-la intrusit_fw-la yet_o add_v per_fw-la archiepiscopum_fw-la eboracae_fw-la aldredum_fw-la solenniter_fw-la coronatus_fw-la 367._o henry_n huntindon_n thus_o record_v it_o quidem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la edgar_n adeling_n promovere_fw-la volebant_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la haroldus_n vero_fw-la viribus_fw-la et_fw-la genere_fw-la fretus_fw-la regni_fw-la diadema_fw-la invasit_fw-la the_o 957._o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n and_o â339_n knyghton_n thus_o give_v we_o the_o story_n of_o it_o sancto_fw-it edwardo_n rege_fw-la et_fw-la confessore_fw-la mârtuo_fw-la quidam_fw-la anglorum_fw-la magnates_fw-la edgarum_fw-la adel_v âilium_fw-la edwardi_fw-la silij_fw-la regis_fw-la edmondi_n ironside_n in_o regem_fw-la promovere_fw-la moliebantur_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la pver_fw-la erat_fw-la et_fw-la tanto_fw-la oneri_fw-la minus_fw-la idoneuâ_n et_fw-la in_o bursa_fw-la minus_fw-la refertus_fw-la haroldus_n come_v viribus_fw-la et_fw-la genere_fw-la fretus_fw-la cui_fw-la erat_fw-la mens_fw-la astutior_fw-la crumena_fw-la fâcândior_fw-la et_fw-la mile_n copiosior_fw-la et_fw-la pompis_fw-la gloriosior_fw-la sinistro_fw-la omine_fw-la regnum_fw-la occupavit_fw-la et_fw-la contra_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la quod_fw-la willielmo_n duci_fw-la normanniae_fw-la praestiâerat_fw-la regni_fw-la diadema_fw-la sinistro_fw-la omine_fw-la illico_fw-la invasit_fw-la et_fw-la sic_fw-la perjurus_fw-la sancto_fw-la edwardo_n successiâ_n juxta_fw-la quod_fw-la idem_fw-la edwardus_fw-la ut_fw-la quidam_fw-la aiunt_fw-la ante_fw-la mortem_fw-la svam_fw-la statuerat_fw-la promissione_n quam_fw-la idem_fw-la rex_fw-la dum_fw-la juvenis_fw-la in_o normannia_n extitit_fw-la dicto_fw-la willielmo_n de_fw-la succedendo_fw-la post_fw-la âum_fw-la in_o regnum_fw-la fecerat_fw-la &_o sibi_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la postea_fw-la secundum_fw-la quosdam_fw-la solemne_v nuncios_fw-la ut_fw-la praemittitur_fw-la destinaverat_fw-la non_fw-la obstante_fw-la 404._o abbot_n ailred_n thus_o register_n herald_n usurpation_n and_o the_o sad_a event_n thereof_o intârea_fw-la haroldus_n godwini_fw-la filius_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la quod_fw-la secundum_fw-la fidem_fw-la sacramenti_fw-la debuerat_fw-la servasse_fw-la willielmo_n regis_fw-la edmundi_fw-la consobrino_fw-la sibi_fw-la nec_fw-la jure_fw-la debitum_fw-la nec_fw-la natura_fw-la irreverenter_fw-la usurpans_fw-la malum_fw-la quod_fw-la angliae_fw-la secundum_fw-la sancti_fw-la regis_fw-la oraculum_fw-la dominus_fw-la praeparaverat_fw-la transgressione_n pacti_fw-la et_fw-la fidei_fw-la acceleravit_fw-la laesione_n ut_fw-la autem_fw-la attenuati_fw-la viribus_fw-la facilius_fw-la ab_fw-la hiis_fw-la quos_fw-la injustè_fw-fr provocaverat_fw-la hostibus_fw-la vinceretur_fw-la suscitavit_fw-la ei_fw-la a_o parte_fw-la aquilonis_fw-la inimicos_fw-la haroldum_n cognomento_fw-la harfar_n norwagenorum_fw-la regem_fw-la et_fw-la tostium_fw-la fratrem_fw-la sâum_fw-la quem_fw-la de_fw-fr anglia_fw-it ipse_fw-la expâlerat_fw-la etc._n etc._n 28._o tho._n walsingham_n thus_o story_n it_o cujus_fw-la regnum_fw-la haroldus_n continuo_fw-la invasit_fw-la ex_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la pejuraâus_fw-la quam_fw-la duci_fw-la juraverat_fw-la ad_fw-la quem_fw-la legatos_fw-la direxit_fw-la protinus_fw-la hortans_fw-la ut_fw-la ab_fw-la hac_fw-la vesania_fw-la resipisceret_fw-la et_fw-la fidem_fw-la quam_fw-la juramento_fw-la sposponderaâ_n cum_fw-la digna_fw-la subjectione_n servaret_fw-la sed_fw-la ille_fw-la hoc_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la audire_fw-la contempsit_fw-la verum_fw-la omnem_fw-la ab_fw-la illo_fw-la anglorum_fw-la gentem_fw-la infideliter_fw-la avertit_fw-la hygden_n in_o his_o polychronicon_n l._n 6._o c._n 28._o mr_n john_n fox_n act_n and_o monument_n vol._n 1._o p._n 214._o mr._n cambden_n in_o his_o bâitannia_n p._n 145_o 146._o holinsh_v sir_n john_n hayward_n sir_n richard_n baker_n affirm_v the_o like_a and_o incline_v to_o this_o opinion_n that_o harold_n by_o his_o might_n power_n craft_n policy_n usurp_v and_o invade_v the_o crown_n without_o any_o right_n against_o his_o oath_n i_o shall_v sum_v up_o all_o their_o opinion_n in_o the_o word_n of_o 417._o john_n speed_n after_o king_n edward_n death_n the_o statesman_n perplex_v for_o choice_n of_o
and_o with_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o division_n distraction_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n and_o the_o imminent_a danger_n at_o home_n will_v no_o way_n concur_v with_o the_o noble_n londoner_n sea-captain_n and_o other_o to_z crown_z edgar_z but_o resolve_v to_o go_v forth_o and_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o victorious_a duke_n and_o elect_v and_o crown_v he_o for_o their_o sovereign_n history_n the_o nobility_n discern_v this_o waver_a inconstancy_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o consider_v that_o they_o be_v noble_o bear_v and_o must_v have_v a_o king_n that_o not_o to_o âake_v he_o who_o be_v of_o power_n to_o make_v himself_o king_a will_v show_v more_o of_o passion_n than_o discretion_n distrust_v each_o other_o faith_n begin_v to_o strive_v and_o run_v headlong_o who_o shall_v be_v the_o first_o to_o preoccupate_v the_o grace_n of_o servitude_n and_o intrude_v they_o into_o foreign_a subjection_n the_o commons_o like_o a_o strong_a vessel_n that_o may_v have_v be_v for_o good_a use_n be_v hereby_o leave_v without_o a_o stern_a and_o can_v not_o move_v irregular_o without_o apparent_a shipwreck_n so_o that_o all_o estate_n in_o general_a either_o transport_v with_o sordid_a fear_n or_o corrupt_v with_o new_a hope_n forsake_v edgar_n themselves_z and_o their_o distress_a country_n resolve_v all_o to_o become_v william_n swear_a vassal_n without_o any_o further_o contest_v 102._o ita_fw-la angli_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o unam_fw-la coeuntes_fw-la sententiam_fw-la potuissent_fw-la patriae_fw-la reformare_fw-la rvinam_fw-la dum_fw-la nullum_fw-la âx_fw-la suis_fw-la volebant_fw-la induxârunt_fw-la aliânum_fw-la during_o this_o their_o consultation_n at_o london_n 1._o duke_n william_n after_o his_o victory_n march_v with_o his_o army_n through_o oxfordshire_n buckinghamshire_n and_o hartfordshire_n towards_o london_n so_o far_o as_o berkhamsted_n without_o the_o least_o opposition_n waste_v the_o country_n burn_v the_o village_n and_o slay_v the_o people_n as_o hoveden_n cambden_n and_o other_o write_v notwithstanding_o his_o former_a inhibition_n of_o plunder_v to_o force_v they_o more_o ready_o to_o submit_v unto_o he_o hereupon_o aldred_n archbishop_n of_o york_n wulstane_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n walter_z bishop_n of_o hereford_n yea_o prince_n edgar_n himself_o all_o the_o english_a nobility_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o londoner_n and_o many_o other_o repair_v to_o the_o victorious_a duke_n at_o bârkhamsteed_o where_o give_v he_o hostage_n for_o their_o fidelity_n they_o resign_v themselves_o up_o unto_o he_o as_o his_o subject_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o with_o who_o he_o reciprocal_o make_v a_o covenant_n of_o peace_n &_o nihilominus_fw-la exercitui_fw-la svo_fw-la villa_n cremare_fw-la &_o rapinas_fw-la agâre_fw-la permiâit_fw-la add_v hoveden_n when_o the_o feast_n of_o christ_n nativity_n approach_v duke_n william_n resolve_v to_o march_v to_o london_n with_o all_o his_o army_n and_o there_o to_o be_v crown_v king_n 1._o but_o be_v on_o his_o way_n he_o find_v all_o the_o passage_n block_v up_o with_o many_o great_a tree_n which_o frederick_n abbot_n of_o st._n alban_n descend_v from_o the_o saxon_n noble_a blood_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v cut_v down_o and_o cast_v in_o the_o way_n to_o secure_v his_o monastery_n from_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o norman_n whereat_o the_o duke_n both_o wonder_v and_o fret_v send_v for_o the_o abbot_n under_o assurance_n of_o his_o safe_a return_n and_o demand_v the_o cause_n why_o his_o wood_n be_v thus_o fell_v and_o the_o way_n block_v up_o he_o return_v he_o this_o stout_a answer_n i_o have_v do_v say_v he_o both_o the_o duty_n of_o my_o birth_n and_o profession_n and_o if_o other_o of_o my_o rank_n have_v perform_v the_o like_a as_o they_o wâll_n might_n and_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o have_v not_o be_v in_o thy_o power_n to_o have_v pierce_v the_o land_n thus_o far_o william_n hear_v his_o bold_a answer_n and_o know_v it_o be_v now_o a_o fit_a time_n to_o pacify_v than_o exulcerate_v the_o english_a spirit_n give_v way_n to_o the_o present_a necessity_n and_o march_v to_o london_n with_o his_o army_n where_o he_o be_v joyful_o receive_v by_o the_o prelate_n noble_n and_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n and_o by_o they_o all_o elect_a and_o crown_v king_n on_o the_o day_n of_o christ_n nativity_n anno_fw-la 1066._o othârs_n in_o magna_fw-la exultatione_n a_o clero_fw-la et_fw-la populo_fw-la susceptus_fw-la et_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la rex_fw-la acclamatus_fw-la 28._o thomas_n of_o walsingham_n record_n that_o william_n vanguard_n march_v into_o london_n before_o he_o find_v many_o rebel_n against_o he_o in_o the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n with_o who_o they_o encounter_v forthwith_o bring_v no_o small_a grief_n and_o lamentation_n to_o the_o city_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o funeral_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o their_o son_n who_o they_o slay_v ât_z last_o the_o citizen_n perceive_v they_o can_v no_o long_o resist_v they_o put_v in_o hostage_n subject_v themselves_o with_o all_o they_o to_o their_o conqueror_n and_o hereditary_a lord_n after_o which_o write_v he_o the_o duke_n on_o christmas_n day_n be_v elect_v king_n by_o all_o the_o noble_n as_o well_o of_o the_o norman_n as_o english_a and_o anoint_a with_o sacred_a oil_n 1792._o and_o crown_v with_o the_o royal_a crown_n by_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o realm_n at_o westminster_n he_o receive_v the_o crown_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o aldred_n archbishop_n of_o york_n refuse_v to_o be_v crown_v by_o stigand_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o evil_n and_o horrible_a crime_n report_v of_o he_o and_o because_o he_o have_v unlawful_o invade_v that_o see_v during_o the_o life_n of_o robert_n for_o which_o he_o be_v suspend_v by_o the_o pope_n ne_fw-la maledictionem_fw-la videretur_fw-la endure_v pro_fw-la benedictione_n as_o most_o of_o our_o historian_n accord_v though_o the_o 962._o chronicle_n of_o bromton_n and_o 90._o mat._n parker_n assert_v that_o stigand_n peremptory_o refuse_v to_o crown_v he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o blood_n and_o a_o invader_n of_o another_o right_n cumque_fw-la willielmus_fw-la dux_n normanniae_fw-la conquâstor_fw-la angliae_fw-la tyranni_fw-la nomen_fw-la exhor_fw-la resceret_fw-la et_fw-la nomen_fw-la legitimi_fw-la principis_fw-la endure_v vellet_fw-la à _fw-la stigando_fw-la cantuariensi_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la petiit_fw-la consecrari_fw-la ille_fw-la vero_fw-la ut_fw-la quidam_fw-la dicunt_fw-la cruenti_fw-la viro_fw-la et_fw-la alieni_fw-la juris_fw-la invasori_fw-la manus_fw-la imponere_fw-la formidans_fw-la nullatenus_fw-la adquievit_fw-la unde_fw-la licet_fw-la ipse_fw-la willielmus_fw-la eundem_fw-la stigandum_fw-la ut_fw-la noverat_fw-la multis_fw-la modis_fw-la blandè_fw-la honoravit_fw-la ipâum_fw-la tamen_fw-la nunquam_fw-la cordialiter_fw-la amavit_fw-la 1786._o thomas_n sprot_n william_n thorne_n and_o out_o of_o they_o 90._o matthew_n parker_n kent_n mr._n lambard_n 325._o mr._n cambden_n 28_o godwin_n stow_n and_o 1._o speed_z record_v this_o story_n which_o none_o of_o our_o other_o ancient_a historian_n mention_v that_o after_o duke_n william_n have_v slay_v harold_n and_o the_o city_n of_o london_n with_o the_o generality_n of_o england_n have_v submit_v to_o his_o power_n be_v strike_v with_o the_o âear_n and_o terror_n of_o harold_n death_n and_o the_o englishman_n great_a slaughter_n except_o kent_n alone_o william_n march_v with_o his_o force_n towards_o dover_n castle_n the_o lock_n and_o key_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o better_a to_o command_v the_o sea_n and_o awe_v the_o kentishman_n to_o subject_v it_o and_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o county_n to_o his_o power_n archbishop_n stigand_n then_o lyiug_v close_o in_o that_o county_n either_o to_o renew_v the_o war_n or_o to_o obtain_v more_o honourable_a and_o just_a condition_n of_o subjection_n for_o his_o kentishman_n than_o any_o other_o effect_v for_o his_o kentish_a people_n that_o which_o none_o in_o his_o country_n do_v beside_o for_o persuade_v all_o his_o kentish_a man_n to_o keep_v at_o home_n and_o not_o stir_v out_o of_o their_o confine_n when_o he_o hear_v of_o william_n approach_n advise_v with_o eglesine_n abbot_n of_o st._n augustinet_fw-la they_o two_o be_v the_o chief_a lord_n and_o governor_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o kent_n they_o consider_v that_o the_o whole_a realm_n be_v in_o a_o very_a sad_a and_o ill_a condition_n for_o whereas_o before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o say_v william_n none_o of_o the_o english_a be_v a_o servant_n that_o now_o all_o indifferent_o as_o well_o noble_a as_o ignoble_a be_v subject_v to_o the_o perpetual_a servitude_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o out_o of_o the_o danger_n of_o their_o neighbour_n assume_v matter_n for_o their_o own_o and_o their_o county_n preservation_n they_o assemble_v all_o the_o commons_o of_o kent_n to_o canterbury_n where_o they_o represent_v to_o they_o the_o imminent_a danger_n of_o the_o country_n the_o misery_n of_o their_o neighbour_n the_o insolency_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o calamity_n of_o a_o servile_a condition_n all_o which_o now_o be_v too_o apparent_o see_v 5._o the_o
victoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la participarunt_fw-la de_fw-la caeter_fw-la be_v in_o âorum_fw-la mores_fw-la transeuntes_fw-la sed_fw-la haec_fw-la mala_fw-la de_fw-la omnibus_fw-la generaliter_fw-la anglis_fw-la dicta_fw-la intelligi_fw-la nolim_fw-la scio_fw-la clericos_fw-la multos_fw-la tunc_fw-la temporis_fw-la simplici_fw-la via_fw-la semitam_fw-la sanctitatis_fw-la trivisse_fw-la scio_fw-la multos_fw-la laicos_fw-la omnis_fw-la generis_fw-la &_o conditionis_fw-la in_o hae_fw-la eadem_fw-la gente_fw-la deo_fw-la placuisse_fw-la facessat_fw-la ab_fw-la hac_fw-la relatione_fw-la inuidia_fw-la non_fw-la cunctos_fw-la pariter_fw-la hâc_fw-la involvat_fw-la calumnia_fw-la verum_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o tranquillitate_fw-la malos_fw-la cum_fw-la boâis_fw-la fovet_fw-la plaerumque_fw-la dei_fw-la sereniâas_fw-la ita_fw-la in_o captivitate_fw-la bonâs_fw-la cum_fw-la malis_fw-la noânunquam_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la constringit_fw-la seuâritas_fw-la i_o have_v insist_v more_o large_o upon_o the_o historical_a part_n of_o harold_n usurpation_n perjury_n short_a and_o troublesome_a reign_n tragical_a death_n duke_n wâlliams_n claim_n to_o and_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n for_o this_o reason_n especial_o to_o refute_v the_o common_a receive_v error_n of_o some_o ignorant_a historian_n of_o many_o illiterate_a statist_n and_o swordman_n of_o this_o age_n and_o of_o fundry_a temporize_a ignoramuss_n of_o my_o own_o robe_n who_o public_o aver_v in_o their_o pamphlet_n speech_n charge_n and_o discourse_n that_o duke_n william_n claim_v and_o obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n only_o as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o thereupon_o alter_v the_o ancient_a law_n custom_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o give_v new_a law_n unto_o it_o by_o his_o own_o absolute_a power_n as_o a_o conqueror_n thereof_o upon_o which_o false_a ground_n they_o infer_v that_o those_o in_o late_a and_o present_a power_n come_v in_o by_o the_o same_o title_n of_o conquest_n may_v lawful_o give_v new_a law_n to_o &_o impose_v what_o tax_n government_n they_o please_v upon_o the_o english_a as_o well_o as_o scotish_n and_o irish_a as_o a_o mere_a conquer_a nation_n by_o their_o own_o inherent_a authority_n see_v by_o the_o 15._o law_n of_o war_n regular_o all_o right_n and_o law_n of_o the_o place_n and_o nation_n conquer_v be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o conqueror_n will_n and_o hereby_o they_o justify_v all_o their_o late_a imposition_n tax_n excise_n sequestration_n seizure_n sales_n of_o all_o the_o public_a revenue_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o many_o thousand_o private_a man_n estate_n by_o their_o westminster_n and_o white-hall_n ordinance_n edict_n with_o the_o change_n of_o our_o government_n new-modellings_a of_o our_o parliament_n and_o all_o other_o irregular_a proceed_n destructive_a to_o our_o fundamental_a right_n law_n liberty_n government_n which_o they_o former_o covenant_v inviolable_o to_o maintain_v without_o grant_n or_o consent_n by_o any_o free_a full_a lawful_a english_a parliament_n now_o to_o demolish_v all_o these_o their_o superstructure_n by_o subvert_v their_o âalse_a foundation_n of_o d._n william_n pretend_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n only_o by_o conquest_n it_o be_v most_o apparent_a by_o the_o premise_a historical_a authority_n 1._o that_o king_n william_n always_o claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n both_o before_o at_o and_o after_o his_o coronation_n as_o of_o right_o belong_v to_o he_o by_o the_o promise_n gift_n contract_n gift_n and_o bequest_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o as_o his_o heir_n and_o next_o kinsman_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n 2._o that_o he_o allege_v this_o gift_n and_o grant_n of_o the_o crown_n to_o he_o to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n earls_z godwin_n syward_n and_o other_o noble_n of_o the_o realm_n ratify_v by_o special_a messenger_n send_v unto_o and_o hostage_n deliver_v he_o for_o its_o performance_n and_o by_o harâlds_v own_o solemn_a agreement_n and_o oath_n send_v to_o he_o by_o king_n edward_n for_o that_o purpose_n as_o himself_o at_o least_o suggest_v to_o he_o which_o designation_n and_o grant_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o william_n be_v no_o fiction_n but_o a_o truth_n confess_v by_o all_o our_o historian_n and_o harold_n himself_o who_o by_o his_o answer_n never_o deny_v but_o only_o endeavour_v to_o evade_v it_o and_o voluntary_o acknowledge_v by_o all_o the_o noble_n of_o england_n both_o at_o his_o coronation_n and_o in_o parliament_n itself_o in_o the_o 4._o year_n of_o his_o reign_n 3._o that_o after_o king_n edward_n decease_n divers_a of_o the_o noble_n will_v have_v elect_v william_n king_n in_o pursuance_n hereof_o but_o that_o harold_n perjurious_o usurp_v the_o crown_n by_o mere_a force_n and_o power_n without_o the_o least_o right_a unto_o it_o or_o any_o election_n by_o the_o lord_n or_o people_n set_v the_o crown_n on_o his_o own_o head_n the_o very_a day_n king_n edward_n be_v inter_v and_o thereby_o prevent_v william_n election_n to_o it_o 4._o that_o hereupon_o divers_a of_o the_o noble_n prelate_n and_o other_o english_a send_v private_a messenger_n to_o william_n into_o normandy_n to_o come_v and_o demand_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o due_a unto_o he_o promise_v hostage_n and_o their_o assistance_n to_o recover_v it_o 5._o that_o thereupon_o he_o send_v ambassador_n twice_o or_o thrice_o to_o harold_n one_o after_o another_o before_o his_o land_n insist_v on_o his_o mere_a right_n and_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o gain_v it_o by_o parley_n without_o effusion_n of_o blood_n 6._o that_o upon_o harold_n obstinacy_n he_o appeal_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o to_o all_o his_o noble_n assemble_v in_o a_o parliamentary_a council_n for_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o title_n and_o right_o to_o the_o crown_n who_o declare_v his_o title_n lawful_a and_o just_a and_o thereupon_o encourage_v assist_v he_o all_o they_o can_v to_o regain_v it_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n from_o the_o usurper_n harold_n who_o will_v not_o otherwise_o depart_v from_o it_o 7._o that_o immediate_o after_o his_o land_n he_o make_v claim_v unto_o it_o only_o by_o the_o foresay_a right_n title_n and_o thereupon_o prohibit_v his_o soldier_n to_o plunder_v the_o country_n or_o hurt_v any_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o be_v his_o by_o right_n 8._o that_o very_o few_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n or_o nation_n will_v march_v or_o engage_v with_o harold_n against_o william_n and_o sundry_a withdraw_v themselves_o from_o the_o battle_n as_o conscious_a of_o harold_n usurpation_n perjury_n and_o william_n just_a cause_n against_o he_o however_o other_o cause_n be_v then_o pretend_v and_o among_o the_o rest_n his_o own_o brother-in-law_n the_o great_a peer_n of_o the_o realm_n earl_n morcar_n and_o edwin_n desert_v he_o in_o the_o fight_n 9_o that_o after_o the_o first_o battle_n win_v and_o harold_n slay_v all_o the_o prelate_n and_o clergy_n general_o except_o abbot_n frederick_n appear_v for_o he_o and_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o set_v up_o edgar_n though_o right_a heir_n 10._o that_o after_o good_a deliberation_n all_o the_o noble_n prelate_n londoner_n and_o other_o who_o first_o appear_v for_o edgar_n with_o the_o great_a pârt_n of_o the_o clergy_n people_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n without_o the_o least_o fight_n or_o resistance_n or_o before_o any_o siege_n or_o summons_n from_o he_o together_z with_o prince_z edgar_z himself_z voluntary_o go_v out_o and_o submit_v themselves_o swear_v faith_n and_o allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o their_o sovereign_n at_o berkhamsted_n and_o after_o that_o joyful_o receive_v he_o with_o high_a acclamation_n as_o their_o lawful_a king_n at_o his_o entry_n into_o london_n 11._o that_o all_o the_o prelate_n clergy_n and_o nobility_n soon_o after_o without_o any_o coercion_n upon_o his_o foresay_a right_n and_o title_n free_o elect_v and_o solemn_o crown_v he_o as_o their_o lawful_a king_n in_o a_o due_a and_o accustom_a manner_n and_o then_o do_v homage_n and_o swear_v new_a allegiance_n afresh_o unto_o he_o as_o their_o rightful_a sovereign_n 12._o that_o he_o take_v the_o ordinary_a coronation_n oath_n of_o all_o lawful_a king_n to_o mannitan_n and_o defend_v the_o right_n person_n of_o all_o his_o people_n to_o govern_v they_o just_o etc._n etc._n as_o become_v a_o good_a king_n which_o a_o king_n claim_v by_o mere_a conquest_n will_v never_o do_v all_o these_o particular_n be_v undeniable_a evidence_n that_o duke_n william_n never_o make_v the_o least_o pretence_n claim_n or_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o realm_n of_o england_n only_o as_o a_o absolute_a conqueror_n of_o the_o nation_n but_o mere_o by_o title_n as_o their_o true_a and_o lawful_a king_n by_o designation_n adoption_n and_o cognation_n second_v with_o the_o noble_n prelate_n clergy_n and_o people_n unanimous_a election_n and_o although_o it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o duke_n eject_v harold_n and_o get_v actual_a possession_n of_o the_o throne_n and_o kingdom_n from_o he_o by_o the_o sword_n as_o do_v aurelius_n ambrose_n and_o other_o before_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o 4._o edward_n the_o 4._o henry_n the_o 7._o with_o other_o
election_n of_o the_o noble_n clergy_n and_o people_n that_o although_o the_o several_a title_n he_o pretend_a be_v perhaps_o if_o curious_o examine_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v he_o a_o true_a legal_a title_n and_o right_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n à _fw-la parte_fw-la ante_fw-la because_o not_o agree_v unto_o and_o confirm_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o noble_n kingdom_n and_o nation_n in_o a_o parliamentary_a great_a council_n but_o only_o by_o the_o king_n and_o some_o particular_a prelate_n and_o noble_n out_o of_o parliament_n as_o harold_n in_o his_o answer_n allege_v yet_o be_v ratify_v ex_fw-la parte_fw-la post_fw-la both_o by_o the_o subsequent_a consent_n agreement_n submission_n election_n oath_n homage_n and_o fealty_n of_o all_o the_o people_n noble_n clergy_n by_o their_o legal_a free_a crown_v of_o he_o aâ_n first_o by_z edgar_z atheling_n his_o own_o submission_n fealty_n and_o resignation_n of_o his_o royal_a right_n and_o title_n thereby_o unâo_v he_o and_o ratify_v by_o succeed_a parliamentary_a council_n it_o become_v a_o inâuhitable_a right_n and_o title_n both_o in_o law_n and_o justice_n to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n against_o all_o other_o who_o can_v lay_v no_o legall_a title_n thereunto_o he_o continue_v confirm_v all_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n liberty_n custom_n and_o government_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n without_o any_o alteration_n both_o by_o oath_n and_o edict_n i_o shall_v therefore_o conclude_v this_o point_n with_o the_o word_n of_o 483._o share_v a_o learned_a lawyer_n in_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o his_o reign_n who_o when_o the_o king_n counsel_n in_o a_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la against_o the_o abbot_n of_o peterborough_n will_v have_v make_v a_o charter_n of_o king_n edgar_n void_a because_o they_o allegedâ_n all_o franchise_n be_v devolve_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o conquest_n reply_v thereto_o the_o conqueror_n come_v not_o at_o all_o to_o âut_v any_o who_o have_v lawful_a possession_n out_o of_o their_o right_n but_o to_o dispossess_v those_o who_o by_o their_o wrong_n have_v seize_v upon_o any_o land_n in_o dis-inherison_a of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o crown_n and_o with_o the_o word_n of_o our_o judicious_a historian_n sa._n daniel_n 37._o concern_v this_o king_n william_n neither_o do_v he_o âver_o claim_v any_o power_n by_o conquest_n but_o as_o a_o regular_a prince_n submit_v himself_o to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o kingdom_n desire_v to_o have_v his_o testamentary_a title_n howsoever_o weak_a to_o make_v good_a his_o succession_n rather_o than_o his_o sword_n and_o though_o the_o stile_n of_o conqueror_n by_o the_o flattery_n of_o the_o time_n be_v after_o give_v he_o he_o show_v by_o all_o the_o course_n of_o his_o government_n he_o assume_v it_o not_o introduce_v none_o of_o those_o alteration_n which_o follow_v by_o violence_n but_o by_o a_o mild_a gather_n upon_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o state_n and_o the_o occasion_n offer_v and_o that_o by_o way_n of_o reformation_n and_o although_o 153._o sir_n hen._n wotton_n give_v this_o verdict_n of_o they_o we_o do_v common_o and_o just_o style_v he_o the_o conqueror_n for_o he_o make_v a_o general_a conquest_n of_o tâe_v ââole_a kingdom_n and_o people_n either_o by_o composition_n or_o arm_n etc._n etc._n yet_o he_o add_v he_o be_v crown_v on_o christmas_n day_n 1066._o at_o which_o time_n he_o will_v fain_o have_v compound_v a_o civil_a title_n of_o i_o know_v not_o what_o alliance_n or_o adoption_n or_o rather_o donation_n from_o edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o if_o hereditary_a kingdom_n do_v pass_v like_o new-year_n gift_n the_o truth_n be_v he_o be_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o sword_n yet_o from_o these_o pretence_n howsoever_o there_o spring_v this_o good_a that_o he_o be_v thereby_o in_o a_o sort_v age_v to_o cast_v his_o government_n into_o a_o middle_n or_o mix_a nature_n as_o it_o be_v between_o a_o lawful_a successor_n and_o a_o invader_n though_o general_o as_o all_o new_a empire_n do_v savour_n much_o of_o their_o beginning_n it_o have_v more_o of_o the_o violent_a than_o of_o the_o legal_a if_o any_o domineer_a soldier_n or_o other_o upon_o this_o false_a surmise_n of_o duke_n william_n right_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o mere_a conquest_n have_v shall_v henceforth_o presume_v to_o claim_v and_o exercise_v a_o mere_a arbitrary_a absolute_a tyrannical_a and_o despotical_a power_n over_o our_o english_a nation_n law_n liberty_n parliament_n estate_n person_n as_o over_o a_o mere_a conquer_a nation_n against_o all_o commission_n trust_n oath_n engagement_n declaration_n and_o the_o rule_n both_o of_o law_n and_o war_n itself_o be_v raiâed_v wage_v commission_v only_o to_o defend_v and_o preserve_v we_o from_o conquest_n by_o the_o opposite_a party_n let_v they_o know_v that_o they_o be_v far_o great_a worse_a enemy_n to_o their_o own_o native_a country_n than_o this_o norman_a duke_n or_o any_o of_o our_o former_a british_a saxon_a danish_a norman_a or_o english_a king_n who_o never_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o mere_a conquest_n in_o any_o age_n but_o only_o by_o some_o real_a or_o pretend_a title_n of_o inheritance_n or_o at_o least_o by_o a_o free_a and_o general_a election_n both_o of_o the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o people_n as_o this_o king_n william_n do_v from_o the_o former_a historical_a passage_n concern_v harold_n tosti_n duke_n william_n and_o the_o kentishman_n i_o shall_v deduce_v these_o legal_a observation_n 1._o that_o no_o tax_n subsidy_n or_o imposition_n whatsoever_o 1._o can_v in_o that_o age_n be_v impose_v on_o the_o english_a or_o norman_a subject_n by_o their_o king_n or_o duke_n but_o by_o their_o common_a consent_n in_o their_o parliamentary_a council_n where_o they_o be_v deny_v when_o inconvenient_a to_o the_o public_a as_o well_o as_o grant_v when_o convenient_a 2._o that_o no_o english_a or_o norman_a subject_n be_v then_o 3_o oblige_v to_o aid_n and_o assist_v their_o sovereign_n with_o their_o person_n arm_n estate_n or_o subsidy_n grant_v in_o any_o foreign_a invasive_a war_n but_o only_o leave_v free_a to_o contribute_v what_o private_a assistance_n they_o think_v fit_a in_o such_o case_n 3._o that_o no_o public_a war_n in_o that_o age_n be_v ever_o undertake_v 9_o but_o by_o common_a advice_n and_o consent_n in_o great_a parliamentary_a council_n 4._o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o that_o age_n 4â_n however_o they_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o right_a or_o wrong_n hold_v it_o both_o their_o bind_a duty_n interest_n safety_n to_o defend_v and_o preserve_v the_o law_n right_n liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o people_n to_o enact_v and_o maintain_v good_a law_n and_o abolish_v all_o evil_a law_n rapine_n exaction_n tribute_n and_o to_o govern_v they_o just_o according_a to_o their_o coronation_n oath_n and_o not_o arbitrary_o or_o tyrannical_o according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n 5._o that_o no_o freeman_n in_o that_o age_n 4._o can_v be_v just_o imprison_v banish_a or_o put_v to_o death_n but_o for_o some_o heinous_a misdemeanour_n and_o that_o by_o a_o legal_a trial_n and_o conviction_n 6._o that_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n then_o hold_v it_o their_o bind_a duty_n 8._o in_o time_n of_o foreign_a invasion_n to_o defend_v the_o realm_n their_o life_n liberty_n property_n both_o by_o land_n and_o sea_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n yet_o they_o hold_v themselves_o dis-obliged_n and_o be_v general_o averse_a to_o defend_v the_o person_n or_o title_n of_o any_o usurper_n of_o the_o crown_n against_o any_o foreign_a prince_n or_o other_o person_n who_o have_v a_o better_a right_n and_o title_n to_o it_o 7._o that_o our_o english_a ancestor_n in_o that_o age_n esteem_v their_o hereditary_a liberty_n good_a ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n more_o dear_a and_o precious_a to_o they_o than_o their_o very_a life_n and_o will_v rather_o die_v fight_v for_o their_o law_n and_o liberty_n like_o freeman_n than_o live_v under_o slavery_n or_o bondage_n to_o any_o sovereign_n whatsoever_o 8._o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o that_o age_n can_v neither_o give_v away_o 10._o nor_o legal_o dispose_v of_o their_o crown_n kingdom_n or_o crown_n land_n to_o other_o without_o the_o privity_n and_o free_a consent_n of_o their_o noble_n and_o kingdom_n in_o general_a parliamentary_a council_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o harold_n answer_n to_o william_n ambassador_n the_o recite_v passage_n of_o 340._o matthew_n paris_n upon_o that_o occasion_n and_o this_o of_o samuel_n daniel_n p._n 34._o so_o much_o be_v do_v either_o by_o king_n edward_n or_o harold_n though_o neither_o act_n if_o any_o such_o be_v be_v of_o power_n to_o prejudice_v the_o state_n or_o alter_v the_o course_n of_o right_a succession_n as_o give_v the_o duke_n a_o colour_n to_o claim_v the_o crown_n by_o a_o donation_n make_v by_o testament_n which_o be_v against_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v be_v of_o no_o validity_n
at_o all_o for_o tâe_v crown_n of_o england_n be_v hold_v not_o as_o patrimonial_a but_o in_o succession_n by_o remotion_n which_o be_v a_o succeed_a to_o another_o place_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o king_n edward_n to_o collate_v the_o same_o by_o any_o dispositive_a and_o testamentary_a will_n the_o right_a descend_v to_o the_o next_o of_o blood_n only_o by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o successor_n be_v not_o saâd_v to_o be_v the_o heir_n of_o the_o king_n but_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o make_v he_o so_o and_o 16._o can_v be_v put_v from_o it_o by_o any_o act_n of_o his_o predecessor_n 9_o that_o the_o nobility_n clergy_n and_o people_n free-election_n have_v be_v usual_o most_o endeavour_v and_o seek_v aâter_n by_o our_o king_n âespecially_o life_n intruder_n as_o their_o best_a and_o sure_a title_n to_o these_o legal_a i_o shall_v only_o subjoin_v some_o political_a and_o theological_a observation_n natural_o flow_v from_o the_o premise_a history_n of_o king_n edward_n harold_n and_o william_n not_o unsuitable_a to_o nor_o unseasonable_a for_o the_o most_o serious_a thought_n and_o sad_a contemplation_n of_o the_o present_a age_n consider_v the_o revolution_n and_o posture_n of_o our_o public_a affair_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v very_o unsafe_a and_o perilous_a for_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o intrust_v the_o military_a and_o civil_a power_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o any_o one_o potent_a ambitious_a or_o covetous_a person_n who_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o abuse_v they_o to_o the_o people_n oppression_n the_o kingdom_n perturbation_n and_o his_o sovereign_n affront_n or_o danger_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o earl_n godwin_n and_o his_o son_n 2._o that_o devout_a pious_a soft-natured_a prince_n be_v apt_a to_o be_v abuse_v and_o their_o people_n to_o be_v oppress_v by_o evil_a officer_n 3._o that_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o pernicious_a to_o heditary_a kingdom_n for_o their_o king_n to_o die_v without_o any_o certain_a know_v and_o declare_v right_a heir_n or_o successor_n to_o their_o crown_n yea_o a_o occasion_n of_o many_o war_n and_o revolution_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o king_n edward_n death_n without_o iâsue_n or_o declare_v right_a heir_n 4._o that_o right_a heir_n to_o crown_n who_o be_v of_o tender_a year_n weak_a judgement_n or_o impotent_a in_o friend_n and_o purse_n be_v easy_o and_o frequent_o put_v by_o their_o right_n by_o bold_a active_a and_o powerful_a intruder_n as_o edgar_n atheling_n be_v both_o by_o haroâd_n and_o william_n successive_o yet_o this_o be_v remarkable_a in_o both_o these_o invader_n of_o his_o royal_a right_n 1._o that_o 349._o harold_n who_o first_o dethrone_v he_o to_o make_v he_o some_o kind_n of_o recompense_n and_o please_v the_o noble_n of_o his_o party_n create_v edgar_n earl_n of_o oxford_n and_o hold_v he_o in_o special_a favour_n 2_o lie_n that_o king_n willam_n the_o first_o to_o who_o 369._o he_o submit_v himself_o and_o do_v homage_n and_o fealty_n use_v he_o very_o honourable_o and_o entertain_v he_o in_o his_o court_n not_o only_o at_o first_o buâ_n even_o after_o he_o have_v twice_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o 2350._o join_v first_o with_o the_o english_a nobility_n then_o with_o the_o dane_n and_o scot_n against_o his_o interest_n for_o edgar_n come_v to_o he_o into_o normandy_n anno_fw-la 1066._o out_n of_o scotland_n where_o he_o live_v some_o year_n where_o nihil_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la commodi_fw-la nihil_fw-la ad_fw-la futurum_fw-la spei_fw-la praeter_fw-la quotidianam_fw-la stipem_fw-la nactus_fw-la esset_fw-la he_o not_o only_o pardon_v his_o forepast_a offence_n but_o magno_fw-la donativo_fw-la donatus_fw-la est_fw-la pluribusque_fw-la annis_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la manens_fw-la libram_fw-la argenti_n quotidie_fw-la in_o stipendio_fw-la accipiebat_fw-la write_v 103._o malmesb._n receive_v a_o great_a donative_n from_o he_o and_o a_o pound_n of_o silver_n for_o a_o stipend_n every_o day_n and_o continue_v many_o year_n in_o his_o court._n after_o which_o anno_fw-la 1089._o he_o go_v into_o â76_n apulia_n to_o the_o holy_a war_n by_o king_n william_n licence_n with_o 200_o soldier_n and_o many_o ship_n whence_o return_v after_o the_o death_n of_o robert_n son_n of_o godwin_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o best_a soldier_n he_o receive_v many_o benefit_n from_o the_o emperor_n both_o of_o greece_n and_o germany_n who_o endeavour_v to_o retain_v he_o in_o their_o court_n for_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o birth_n but_o he_o contemn_v all_o their_o proffer_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n to_o enjoy_v his_o native_a country_n return_v into_o england_n and_o there_o live_v all_o king_n william_n reign_n 217._o in_o the_o year_n 1091._o wil._n rufus_n go_v into_o normandy_n to_o take_v it_o by_o force_n from_o his_o brother_n robert_n deprive_v edgar_n of_o the_o honour_n which_o his_o brother_n with_o who_o he_o side_v have_v confer_v upon_o he_o and_o banish_v he_o out_o of_o normandy_n whereupon_o he_o go_v into_o scotland_n where_o by_o his_o mean_n a_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o william_n rufus_n and_o malcholm_n king_n of_o scot_n he_o be_v again_o reconcile_v to_o edgar_n by_o earl_n robert_n mean_n &_o return_v into_o england_n be_v in_o so_o great_a favour_n with_o the_o king_n that_o in_o the_o 466._o year_n 1097._o he_o send_v he_o into_o scotland_n with_o a_o army_n ut_fw-mi in_o ea_fw-la consobrinum_fw-la suum_fw-la eadgarum_fw-la malcholmi_n regis_fw-la filium_fw-la patruo_fw-la svo_fw-la dufenoldo_n qui_fw-la regnum_fw-la invaserat_fw-la expulso_fw-la regem_fw-la constitueret_fw-la whence_o return_v into_o england_n he_o live_v there_o till_o after_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o betake_v himself_o in_o his_o old_a age_n to_o a_o retire_a life_n in_o the_o country_n as_o 103._o malmesbury_n thus_o record_v angliam_fw-la rediit_fw-la ubi_fw-la diverso_fw-la fortunae_fw-la ludioro_n rotatus_fw-la nunc_fw-la remotus_fw-la &_o tacitus_fw-la canos_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o agro_fw-la consumit_fw-la where_o most_o probable_o he_o die_v in_o peace_n since_o i_o find_v no_o mention_n of_o his_o death_n no_o less_o than_o 4_o successive_a king_n permit_v this_o right_a heir_n to_o their_o crown_n to_o live_v both_o in_o their_o court_n and_o kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o peace_n and_o security_n such_o waâ_n the_o christian_a generosity_n charity_n and_o piety_n of_o that_o age_n without_o repute_v it_o high_a treason_n for_o any_o to_o relieve_v or_o converse_v with_o he_o as_o the_o charity_n of_o some_o saint_n in_o this_o iron_n age_n will_v have_v adjudge_v it_o have_v they_o live_v in_o those_o time_n who_o have_v quite_o forget_v this_o gospel_n lesson_n of_o our_o saviour_n they_o then_o practise_v 21._o but_o i_o say_v unto_o you_o love_v your_o enemy_n do_v good_a to_o those_o that_o hate_v you_o etc._n etc._n wherefore_o if_o thy_o enemy_n huâger_n give_v he_o meat_n if_o he_o thirst_v give_v he_o drink_v etc._n etc._n bâ_n not_o overcome_v of_o evil_a but_o overcome_v evil_a with_o goodness_n 5._o that_o base_a carnal_a fear_n and_o cowardice_n oft_o cause_v both_o prelate_n noble_n and_o people_n to_o desert_n their_o own_o best_a interest_n and_o lawful_a prince_n and_o to_o act_v vote_n and_o submit_v to_o mere_a unrighteous_a usurper_n against_o their_o primitive_a resolution_n judgement_n conscience_n as_o here_o in_o the_o case_n of_o edgar_n and_o rich._n 3._o since_o 6._o that_o general_n puff_v up_o with_o victorious_a success_n and_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o land_n and_o sea_n force_v in_o their_o power_n be_v apt_a to_o aspire_v after_o the_o royal_a crown_n and_o sovereignty_n and_o forcible_o to_o usurp_v it_o upon_o the_o next_o occasion_n even_o with_o the_o disinherit_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n and_o hazard_v of_o the_o whole_a realm_n of_o which_o harold_n be_v a_o most_o pregnant_a example_n 7._o that_o ambitious_a aspirer_n after_o the_o royal_a crown_n and_o throne_n will_v make_v no_o conscience_n to_o violate_v all_o sacred_a and_o civil_a oath_n obligation_n contract_n and_o find_v out_o any_o evasion_n to_o elude_v they_o rather_o than_o go_v without_o themâ_n or_o part_n with_o they_o when_o injurious_o usurp_v ây_a they_o and_o will_v adventure_v to_o crown_v themselves_o with_o their_o own_o hand_n than_o not_o wear_v the_o diadem_n witness_n harold_n 8._o that_o usurper_n of_o crown_n without_o right_n though_o they_o court_v the_o people_n with_o coronation_n oath_n and_o fair_a promise_n of_o good_a law_n liberty_n immunity_n from_o all_o tax_n and_o grievance_n yet_o usual_o prove_v the_o great_a tyrant_n and_o oppressor_n to_o they_o of_o all_o other_o as_o harold_n and_o william_n in_o some_o sort_n do_v that_o invader_n of_o crown_n and_o sovereign_a power_n without_o any_o right_n title_n or_o colour_n of_o justice_n be_v once_o in_o possession_n will_v never_o part_v with_o they_o to_o those_o who_o have_v better_a right_n upon_o any_o verbal_a treaty_n but_o rather_o
adventure_v their_o life_n body_n soulâ_n and_o their_o whole_a kingdom_n utter_a ruin_n than_o part_n with_o their_o usurp_a supremacy_n 10._o that_o the_o most_o unrighteous_a usurper_n of_o the_o royal_a throne_n by_o apparent_a perjury_n fraud_n force_n treachery_n will_v feign_v forge_n publish_v some_o specious_a pretext_n or_o other_o of_o title_n or_o popular_a election_n to_o palliate_v or_o extenuate_v their_o intrusion_n to_o avoid_v the_o infamy_n of_o tyrant_n and_o usurper_n and_o take_v off_o the_o odium_n of_o their_o most_o unrighteous_a intrusion_n of_o which_o we_o see_v footstep_n both_o in_o harold_n william_n then_o and_o rich._n 3._o of_o late_a 11._o that_o unjust_a invader_n of_o crown_n for_o the_o most_o part_n bring_v many_o misery_n trouble_n war_n and_o ruin_n not_o only_o on_o themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n but_o likewise_o on_o their_o kingdom_n and_o people_n as_o harold_n do_v 12._o that_o royal_a usurper_n when_o they_o be_v most_o successful_a insolent_a and_o secure_a as_o harold_n after_o his_o victory_n in_o the_o north_n be_v near_a great_a danger_n and_o ruin_n 13._o that_o such_o usurper_n be_v common_o very_o vigilant_a and_o industrious_a to_o preserve_v their_o own_o interest_n and_o power_n under_o pretext_n of_o the_o common_a defence_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o nation_n yet_o more_o rely_v on_o their_o mercenary_a force_n than_o the_o unmercinary_a militia_n of_o the_o nation_n 14._o that_o usurper_n though_o they_o may_v have_v many_o flatterer_n and_o seem_a friend_n to_o write_v and_o act_n for_o they_o while_o in_o prosperity_n yet_o be_v common_o general_o desert_v both_o by_o noble_n people_z yea_o their_o own_o endear_a friend_n and_o kindred_n in_o their_o great_a danger_n when_o they_o need_v they_o most_o as_o harold_n be_v 15._o that_o few_o english_a noble_n gentry_n or_o commons_o will_v ready_o adventure_v their_o life_n in_o a_o usurper_n quarrel_n when_o and_o where_o his_o title_n stand_v in_o competition_n with_o a_o better_a and_o clear_a right_n as_o most_o of_o they_o desert_a harold_n 16._o that_o the_o reign_n of_o perjure_a invader_n of_o other_o throne_n be_v common_o 36._o very_o short_a full_a of_o warâ_n trouble_n fear_n jealousy_n and_o their_o end_n for_o the_o most_o part_n bloody_a tragical_a as_o be_v herald_n and_o rich._n 3._o 17._o that_o the_o sordid_a covetousness_n of_o king_n and_o general_n in_o oppress_v their_o people_n and_o deprive_v their_o subject_n and_o soldier_n of_o their_o just_a and_o lawful_a spoil_n after_o victory_n over_o the_o enemy_n be_v a_o ready_a mean_n to_o alienate_v their_o affection_n and_o cause_v a_o defection_n from_o they_o to_o their_o opposite_n 18._o that_o when_o god_n have_v design_v a_o perjure_a usurper_n or_o nation_n ruin_v for_o their_o cry_a sin_n he_o sudden_o stir_v up_o unexpected_a enemy_n and_o instrument_n to_o effect_n occasion_n to_o facilitate_v it_o and_o so_o infatuate_v they_o that_o they_o become_v altogether_o uncapable_a of_o any_o good_a advice_n and_o reject_v all_o proposition_n and_o accommodation_n that_o may_v prevent_v the_o sâme_n as_o harold_n obstinate_o do_v 19_o that_o none_o be_v more_o forward_o public_o to_o appeal_v to_o god_n himself_o for_o to_o judge_v and_o decide_v the_o justice_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o proceed_n than_o the_o most_o perjurious_a and_o unrighteous_a usurper_n that_o when_o such_o presumptuous_o and_o atheistical_o dare_v open_o appeal_v to_o god_n himself_o for_o justice_n against_o their_o opposite_n or_o competitor_n he_o usual_o cut_v they_o off_o by_o exemplary_a death_n and_o fatal_a overthrow_v as_o he_o do_v harold_n both_o to_o manifest_v his_o severe_a justice_n and_o indignation_n against_o such_o atheistical_a and_o hypocritical_a apellant_n and_o appeal_n and_o to_o deter_v all_o other_o from_o such_o practice_n 20._o that_o all_o sacred_a oath_n and_o swear_a contract_n solemn_o make_v to_o other_o in_o thing_n lawful_a or_o indifferent_a be_v it_o through_o fear_n or_o voluntary_o upon_o premeditation_n ought_v religious_o and_o inviolable_o to_o be_v observe_v and_o not_o wilful_o infringe_v or_o elude_v by_o shift_n and_o pretence_n as_o here_o by_o harold_n 21._o that_o god_n soon_o or_o late_a do_v usual_o avenge_v in_o a_o exemplary_a manner_n the_o perjurious_a wilful_a breach_n of_o solemn_a oath_n even_o in_o king_n themselves_o and_o the_o great_a person_n who_o detestable_a perjury_n oft_o bring_v sudden_a destruction_n both_o upon_o themselves_o their_o kindred_n posterity_n and_o whole_a army_n and_o kingdom_n too_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o harold_n 22_o that_o perjure_a person_n fight_v in_o a_o cause_n direct_o against_o their_o corporal_a oath_n can_v expect_v no_o other_o success_n in_o battle_n but_o either_o flight_n or_o death_n and_o that_o one_o battle_n may_v both_o lose_v and_o win_v a_o whole_a kingdom_n so_o unstable_a be_v even_o kingdom_n themselves_o 23._o that_o the_o barbarous_a murder_n the_o cruel_a oppression_n of_o innocent_a people_n be_v apt_a to_o stirrup_n a_o universal_a insurrection_n against_o their_o governor_n and_o instrument_n and_o usual_o end_v in_o the_o dethron_n expulsion_n death_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o author_n of_o they_o of_o which_o tosti_n yield_v we_o a_o notable_a precedent_n and_o that_o people_n when_o once_o just_o enrage_v against_o such_o bloody_a tyrannical_a oppressor_n become_v altogether_o implacable_a and_o will_v never_o brook_v their_o future_a government_n over_o they_o 24._o that_o base_a carnal_a fear_n in_o time_n of_o imminent_a danger_n usual_o disjoint_n those_o person_n counsel_n force_n who_o the_o common_a danger_n shall_v more_o unite_v and_o make_v they_o desert_n the_o probabl_a mean_n of_o their_o public_a preservation_n liberty_n peace_n settlement_n by_o set_v up_o the_o right_a heir_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o edgar_n here_o against_o the_o intrusion_n and_o pretence_n of_o all_o usurp_a invader_n of_o the_o sovereign_a power_n 25._o that_o a_o few_o timorous_a counsellor_n great_a person_n or_o clergyman_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n be_v apt_a to_o disappoint_v the_o magnanimous_a resolution_n and_o daunt_v the_o heroical_a spirit_n of_o such_o who_o be_v most_o cordial_o affect_v both_o to_o their_o native_a country_n law_n liberty_n and_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o draw_v they_o to_o unworthy_a compliance_n with_o they_o against_o both_o 26._o that_o stout_a resolute_a real_a patron_n of_o their_o native_a country_n law_n and_o liberty_n will_v then_o appear_v most_o cordial_o zealous_a to_o protect_v own_o and_o fight_v for_o they_o when_o they_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n to_o be_v lose_v and_o most_o disowned_a desert_a betray_v by_o other_o timorous_a and_o time-serving_a person_n witness_v the_o example_n of_o abbot_n fredârick_n stigand_n egâlsine_n and_o the_o kentish_a man_n 27._o that_o true_a heroic_a english_a freeman_n prefer_v their_o old_a native_a liberty_n law_n custom_n bâfore_o their_o life_n and_o will_v rather_o die_v fight_v for_o they_o in_o the_o field_n than_o depart_v with_o they_o upon_o any_o term_n to_o a_o victorious_a sovereign_n or_o subject_n themselves_o to_o the_o leâst_o public_a servitude_n the_o name_n whereof_o have_v be_v ever_o odious_a to_o they_o much_o more_o the_o thing_n itself_o 28._o that_o the_o best_a mean_n to_o preserve_v our_o public_a law_n liberty_n custom_n against_o all_o invader_n of_o they_o be_v manful_o resolute_o and_o unanimous_o to_o stand_v up_o in_o their_o defence_n both_o by_o word_n and_o deed_n when_o they_o be_v most_o endanger_v that_o such_o person_n county_n place_n who_o have_v appear_v most_o stout_a and_o resolute_a in_o their_o defence_n when_o other_o have_v general_o desert_v surrender_v or_o betray_v they_o have_v thereby_o preserve_v secure_v perpetuate_v they_o to_o themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n when_o all_o else_o have_v lose_v and_o be_v deprive_v of_o they_o yea_o gain_a immortal_a honour_n and_o precedency_n of_o all_o other_o to_o boot_v witness_v the_o kenâish-men_n 29._o that_o the_o stout_a maintainer_n of_o their_o country_n law_n and_o liberty_n be_v common_o most_o odious_a to_o most_o injure_a oppress_v by_o tyrannical_a sovereign_n though_o upon_o other_o pretence_n witness_v archbishop_n stigand_n abbot_n frederick_n and_o egelsine_n yet_o this_o must_v not_o deterâ_n they_o from_o their_o duty_n 30._o that_o no_o age_n or_o person_n ever_o yet_o repute_v conquest_n a_o just_a safe_a prudent_a title_n or_o pretext_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n but_o ever_o disclaim_v it_o as_o most_o absurd_a and_o dangerous_a to_o their_o interest_n 31._o that_o the_o murder_a or_o disinherit_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n have_v be_v the_o principal_a occasion_n and_o groundwork_n of_o all_o the_o great_a sad_a revolution_n of_o government_n in_o this_o island_n and_o of_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n from_o the_o 38._o briton_n to_o the_o saxon_n from_o the_o saxon_n to_o