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as_o in_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o wine_n an._n 5._o of_o queen_n mary_n vouch_v by_o i_o and_o be_v in_o some_o of_o those_o old_a precedent_n if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o i_o must_v confess_v i_o know_v not_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o this_o from_o other_o contempt_n you_o see_v that_o i_o have_v yield_v to_o their_o proposition_n that_o the_o king_n may_v by_o his_o absolute_a power_n restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o merchant_n and_o have_v therein_o grant_v more_o than_o their_o precedent_n prove_v but_o be_v the_o consequence_n good_a that_o because_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v therefore_o he_o may_v impose_v upon_o such_o as_o pass_v first_o i_o deny_v that_o in_o our_o case_n there_o be_v any_o restraint_n at_o all_o as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o french_a wine_n by_o queen_n mary_n by_o her_o proclamation_n go_v before_o the_o imposition_n for_o proof_n of_o which_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n prefix_v before_o 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merchant_n who_o adventure_n their_o person_n and_o estate_n in_o so_o many_o danger_n to_o bring_v we_o from_o far_a place_n such_o thing_n as_o without_o which_o we_o can_v subsist_v and_o to_o return_v we_o profit_v for_o our_o superfluity_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o involuntarie_a burden_n their_o estate_n be_v of_o all_o other_o man_n most_o unhappy_a and_o slavish_a which_o of_o all_o other_o trade_n be_v indeed_o the_o noble_a and_o most_o worthy_a to_o be_v cherish_v and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o note_v that_o in_o all_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n where_o the_o merchant_n be_v subject_a to_o imposition_n at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n the_o landlord_n the_o farmer_n the_o artificer_n the_o very_a ploughman_n and_o all_o other_o be_v in_o like_a sort_n subject_n to_o tax_n and_o burden_n when_o the_o king_n please_v the_o merchant_n be_v not_o the_o man_n alone_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o tax_n and_o all_o other_o man_n free_a if_o in_o the_o frame_n of_o our_o 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but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o argument_n of_o restraint_n from_o whence_o i_o be_o a_o little_a digress_v if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n that_o because_o the_o king_n may_v restrain_v in_o toto_fw-la he_o may_v restrain_v in_o tanto_fw-la it_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v unto_o i_o for_o it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o in_o case_n where_o he_o can_v restrain_v in_o toto_fw-la he_o can_v restrain_v in_o tanto_fw-la but_o there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o will_v say_v that_o he_o may_v restrain_v the_o entrance_n and_o passage_n of_o all_o merchant_n to_o and_o from_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n whatsoever_o without_o any_o limitation_n of_o time_n but_o the_o restraint_n to_o endure_v for_o ever_o and_o for_o all_o kind_n of_o merchandize_n whatsoever_o of_o most_o necessary_a and_o common_a use_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o or_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v no_o man_n i_o suppose_v will_v say_v that_o the_o law_n have_v give_v the_o king_n power_n to_o make_v 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there_o any_o limitation_n of_o time_n but_o to_o endure_v for_o ever_o if_o i_o say_v such_o a_o restraint_n have_v be_v unlawful_a which_o i_o suppose_v no_o man_n will_v deny_v than_o whatsoever_o impli_v such_o a_o restraint_n which_o our_o imposition_n do_v be_v likewise_o unlawful_a but_o the_o ill_a consequence_n of_o this_o their_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o king_n power_n of_o restraint_n will_v best_o appear_v by_o compare_v it_o to_o other_o case_n i_o little_a doubt_n but_o the_o king_n upon_o some_o occasion_n may_v lawful_o restrain_v the_o passage_n of_o all_o man_n through_o the_o gate_n of_o london_n as_o for_o the_o purpose_n when_o the_o city_n shall_v be_v besiege_v or_o in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o extreme_a plague_n nay_o be_v it_o not_o by_o authority_n derive_v only_o from_o he_o that_o the_o gate_n be_v shut_v every_o night_n do_v it_o follow_v therefore_o that_o because_o he_o may_v do_v it_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n or_o at_o some_o time_n that_o he_o may_v shut_v up_o the_o passage_n for_o ever_o or_o that_o presuppose_v such_o a_o restraint_n by_o his_o absolute_a power_n he_o may_v lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o every_o burden_n of_o any_o thing_n bring_v in_o or_o carry_v out_o as_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n and_o many_o other_o state_n in_o italy_n and_o germany_n do_v or_o upon_o every_o man_n by_o the_o poll_n that_o shall_v pass_v through_o the_o gate_n you_o see_v the_o weakness_n and_o danger_n of_o the_o consequence_n of_o this_o argument_n and_o how_o it_o tend_v to_o justify_v imposition_n within_o the_o land_n and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o and_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o the_o port_n and_o haven_n town_n of_o england_n be_v say_v they_o the_o king_n answer_v the_o three_o argument_n that_o the_o port_n be_v the_o
the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n against_o the_o pretend_a power_n of_o imposition_n maintain_v by_o a_o argument_n in_o parliament_n ano._n 7o._o jacob_n 1_o regis_n by_o william_n hakewil_n of_o lincoln_n inn_n esq_n london_n print_v by_o r._n h._n an._n dom._n 1641._o to_o the_o reader_n be_v very_o sensible_a of_o a_o great_a injury_n late_o do_v i_o by_o the_o extreme_a false_a print_n of_o a_o small_a treatise_n of_o my_o compose_v steal_v out_o without_o my_o consent_n and_o hear_v accidental_o that_o some_o part_n of_o this_o also_o have_v pass_v the_o press_n i_o think_v good_a for_o the_o prevent_n of_o the_o like_a wrong_n to_o stay_v the_o forwardness_n of_o the_o printer_n until_o i_o have_v review_v and_o correct_v it_o by_o my_o own_o note_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v have_v be_v content_v altogether_o to_o have_v restrain_v it_o if_o i_o may_v but_o now_o see_v it_o must_v abroad_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v ashamed_a to_o let_v it_o bear_v my_o name_n and_o own_o the_o error_n of_o it_o myself_o those_o of_o the_o press_n except_v though_o heretofore_o it_o have_v gain_v so_o much_o reputation_n by_o some_o as_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o worthy_a author_n some_o there_o be_v yet_o survive_v that_o hear_v this_o argument_n about_o thirty_o year_n since_o in_o the_o commons-house_n of_o parliament_n but_o it_o have_v now_o extend_v itself_o beyond_o the_o probable_a proportion_n of_o a_o speech_n or_o argument_n by_o the_o insertion_n of_o many_o record_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n more_o at_o large_a which_o at_o the_o delivery_n of_o it_o be_v but_o mere_o quote_v the_o endeavour_n of_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o just_a prerogative_n of_o our_o king_n never_o warrant_v they_o to_o raise_v money_n at_o their_o pleasure_n by_o lay_v a_o charge_n on_o merchandise_n to_o be_v export_v or_o import_v without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o settle_a law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o precedent_n of_o former_a age_n the_o act_n of_o our_o most_o necessitous_a and_o powerful_a prince_n and_o indeed_o every_o thing_n requisite_a to_o make_v the_o truth_n apparent_a do_v as_o it_o be_v unanimous_o consent_v to_o discharge_v we_o of_o this_o unjust_a and_o heavy_a burden_n and_o you_o shall_v see_v herein_o how_o the_o policy_n of_o active_a prince_n have_v by_o many_o way_n attempt_v to_o undermine_v those_o fortification_n which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n have_v raise_v to_o maintain_v themselves_o from_o this_o kind_n of_o assault_n you_o shall_v see_v with_o how_o great_a difficulty_n their_o prevail_a be_v withstand_v and_o which_o be_v the_o glory_n of_o truth_n you_o shall_v find_v those_o design_n which_o be_v lay_v to_o overthrow_v our_o right_n main_o to_o make_v for_o the_o evidence_n and_o confirmation_n of_o it_o for_o whatever_o unjust_a imposition_n be_v either_o exact_v by_o a_o pretend_a lawfullnesse_n or_o set_v up_o by_o a_o command_a power_n be_v by_o complaint_n in_o parliament_n present_o follow_v take_v down_o and_o remain_v on_o record_n as_o witness_n against_o themselves_o unlawful_a and_o against_o our_o liberty_n these_o reason_n and_o argument_n of_o i_o how_o mean_a soever_o those_o time_n wherein_o i_o urge_v they_o accept_v favourable_o and_o since_o in_o their_o private_a passage_n in_o manuscript_n be_v entertain_v in_o many_o judicious_a hand_n which_o make_v i_o somewhat_o enlarge_v the_o conceit_n that_o before_o i_o have_v of_o they_o and_o now_o see_v necessity_n enforce_v i_o to_o make_v they_o more_o public_a i_o must_v adventure_v they_o to_o the_o censure_n of_o these_o nice_a time_n beneficial_a happy_o they_o may_v be_v to_o some_o prejudicial_a i_o hope_v to_o none_o in_o which_o confidence_n have_v the_o leave_n of_o authority_n they_o have_v likewise_o my_o leave_n to_o go_v abroad_o vale._n w._n h._n the_o content_n 1_o that_o there_o be_v ever_o some_o custom_n due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common-law_n folio_fw-la 6._o 2_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sum_n certain_a by_o the_o common-law_n folio_fw-la 10._o 3_o that_o all_o the_o revenue_n which_o the_o common_a law_n give_v to_o the_o king_n out_o of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o subject_a be_v certain_a or_o reduceable_a to_o a_o certainty_n by_o some_o legal_a course_n and_o none_o leave_v to_o the_o king_n pleasure_n folio_fw-la 11._o 4_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o law_n require_v such_o certainty_n in_o those_o revenue_n which_o the_o king_n have_v out_o of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o subject_a folio_fw-la 12._o 5_o example_n of_o revenue_n give_v by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o the_o king_n out_o of_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o they_o be_v all_o certain_a folio_fw-la 13._o 6_o answer_n to_o a_o objection_n that_o the_o king_n may_v lay_v imposition_n upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n folio_fw-la 21._o 7_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o action_n of_o our_o king_n that_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o impose_v folio_fw-la 25._o 8_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o forbearance_n of_o our_o king_n to_o lay_v imposition_n notwithstanding_o their_o urgent_a occasion_n folio_fw-la 34._o 9_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o precedent_n urge_v of_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o those_o which_o be_v now_o lay_v folio_fw-la 29._o 10_o a_o particular_a answer_n to_o the_o imposition_n of_o 3_o in_o the_o pound_n lay_v upon_o merchant-stranger_n by_o charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la 31_o ed._n 1._o folio_fw-la 42_o 43._o 11_o the_o urgent_a occasion_n which_o ed_n 2._o have_v to_o lay_v imposition_n and_o yet_o how_o he_o forbear_v folio_fw-la 48._o 12_o the_o several_a policy_n use_v by_o ed_n 3._o for_o the_o introduce_v of_o the_o power_n of_o impose_v 1._o imposition_n take_v by_o colour_n of_o a_o voluntary_a grant_n from_o merchant_n folio_n 49._o 2_o by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n wiih_o penal_a law_n folio_n 59_o 3_o by_o way_n of_o ordinance_n in_o parliament_n folio_n 61._o 4_o by_o colour_n of_o a_o loane_n by_o merchant_n folio_n 64._o 5_o by_o grant_n of_o merchant_n for_o liberty_n grant_v to_o they_o folio_n 65._o 6_o by_o express_v and_o direct_a commandment_n folio_fw-la 66._o with_o several_a answer_n to_o all_o these_o several_a way_n 13_o in_o what_o statute_n imposition_n be_v mention_v after_o edw._n 3._o time_n until_o qu._n mary_n and_o upon_o what_o occasion_n and_o how_o to_o be_v interpret_v folio_fw-la 73._o 14_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n imposition_n toll_n maletolt_n custuma_n &_o consuetudo_fw-la magna_fw-la &_o parva_fw-la folio_fw-la 73_o 103._o 15_o no_o imposition_n lay_v from_o edw._n 3._o time_n till_o qu._n mary_n folio_fw-la 78._o 16_o what_o urgent_a occasion_n all_o the_o king_n from_o edw._n 3._o till_o qu._n mary_n time_n have_v to_o lay_v imposition_n and_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o rich._n 2._o f._n 79._o hen._n 4._o f._n 82._o hen._n 5._o f._n 84._o hen_n 6._o f._n 85._o edw._n 4._o f._n 85._o hen._n 7._o f._n 86._o hen_n 8._o f._n 89._o edw._n 6_o f_o 92._o with_o a_o corolary_n of_o all_o those_o time_n and_o occasion_n folio_fw-la 92._o 17_o the_o imposition_n lay_v by_o q._n mary_n and_o how_o answer_v folio_fw-la 93._o 18_o admit_v the_o king_n have_v power_n by_o the_o common_a law_n to_o lay_v imposition_n yet_o how_o they_o be_v bar_v by_o statute_n folio_fw-la 98._o 19_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 30._o urge_v against_o imposition_n and_o the_o objection_n make_v against_o it_o answer_v 1_o objection_n that_o it_o extend_v only_o to_o merchant-stranger_n f._n 100_o 2_o that_o it_o be_v make_v only_o against_o tax_n within_o the_o land_n f._n 101._o 3_o that_o by_o the_o exception_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o statute_n the_o king_n prerogative_n be_v salve_v folio_fw-la 111._o 20_o the_o statute_n de_fw-fr tallagio_n non_fw-la concedendo_fw-la urge_v with_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n make_v thereunto_o folio_n 113._o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o word_n tallage_n aid_n subsidy_n folio_fw-la 112_o 114._o 21_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n 1._o cap._n 7._o urge_v against_o imposition_n and_o clear_v from_o objection_n 1_o that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o excess_n of_o impositition_n and_o not_o against_o the_o right_n f._n 115_o 116._o 2_o that_o it_o be_v only_o against_a imposition_n on_o wool_n folio_fw-la 118._o 22_o the_o statute_n of_o 14_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 21._o urge_v against_o imposition_n and_o clear_v from_o objection_n 1_o that_o it_o extend_v only_o to_o imposition_n within_o the_o land_n and_o not_o upon_o merchandize_n with_o a_o exposition_n of_o the_o word_n charge_n folio_fw-la 118_o 121._o 23_o answer_n to_o the_o reason_n urge_v in_o maintenance_n of_o imposition_n 1_o that_o because_o it_o can_v appear_v that_o the_o ancient_a custom_n be_v set_v by_o parliament_n therefore_o they_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o king_n folio_n
125._o the_o antiquity_n of_o parliament_n folio_fw-la 128._o 24_o answer_n to_o the_o the_o second_o reason_n urge_v for_o imposition_n that_o the_o king_n may_v total_o restrain_v importation_n and_o exportation_n and_o therefore_o may_v restrain_v sub_fw-la modo_fw-la by_o lay_v imposition_n folio_fw-la 124_o 125_o etc._n etc._n 25_o answer_n to_o the_o three_o reason_n that_o the_o port_n be_v the_o king_n and_o that_o he_o may_v open_v and_o shut_v they_o on_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v folio_fw-la 136._o 26_o answer_n to_o the_o four_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o protect_v merchant_n and_o safeguard_v the_o sea_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o may_v lay_v moderate_a imposition_n for_o raise_v of_o many_o to_o defray_v his_o charge_n folio_fw-la 138._o 27_o answer_n to_o the_o five_o objection_n that_o all_o foreign_a prince_n have_v power_n to_o impose_v and_o if_o our_o king_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o like_a it_o may_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a to_o this_o state_n ibid._n 28_o a_o summary_n conclusion_n of_o the_o whole_a argument_n folio_fw-la 141._o mr._n speaker_n the_o question_n now_o in_o debate_n among_o we_o be_v whether_o his_o m_n tie_v may_v by_o his_o prerogative_n royal_a without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n at_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n lay_v a_o new_a charge_n or_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o or_o out_o of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o enforce_v merchant_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o when_o this_o point_n be_v first_o stir_v among_o we_o and_o that_o we_o not_o content_v to_o seek_v redress_n for_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o present_a imposition_n resolve_v to_o proceed_v far_o by_o call_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o impose_v into_o question_n i_o be_v very_o sorry_a for_o i_o see_v we_o be_v then_o in_o a_o fair_a way_n to_o have_v obtain_v a_o very_a great_a abatement_n of_o the_o imposition_n that_o now_o be_v and_o beside_o we_o have_v his_o majesty_n promise_n never_o to_o lay_v any_o more_o but_o in_o parliament_n time_n by_o the_o advice_n and_o free_a consent_n of_o his_o subject_n repair_v hither_o from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o realm_n this_o hope_n of_o a_o present_a ease_n and_o gracious_a promise_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v give_v i_o i_o confess_v a_o full_a satisfaction_n especial_o see_v i_o be_v confident_o persuade_v that_o his_o majesty_n right_a to_o impose_v be_v very_o clear_a and_o not_o to_o be_v dispute_v and_o that_o therefore_o by_o draw_v into_o question_n the_o right_n we_o may_v give_v his_o majesty_n just_a occasion_n to_o withdraw_v from_o we_o his_o gracious_a purpose_n of_o the_o present_a abatement_n as_o also_o his_o promise_n for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o sir_n when_o the_o case_n of_o bates_n who_o as_o you_o know_v be_v call_v into_o question_n for_o refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o curran_n be_v argue_v in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o which_o case_n his_o majesty_n right_a to_o impose_v be_v solemn_o dispute_v and_o there_o resolve_v for_o his_o majesty_n i_o be_v then_o present_a at_o all_o the_o argument_n both_o at_o the_o bar_n and_o at_o the_o bench_n and_o i_o do_v confess_v that_o by_o the_o weighty_a and_o unanswerable_a reason_n as_o i_o then_o conceive_v they_o of_o those_o grave_n and_o reverend_a judge_n savil._n flâ—ming_v ch._n bar._n clarke_n savil._n sit_v in_o their_o seat_n of_o justice_n i_o be_v much_o persuade_v but_o by_o those_o many_o record_n vouch_v by_o they_o i_o be_v altogether_o overcome_v and_o as_o it_o be_v vanquish_v to_o yield_v to_o they_o for_o sir_n ratio_fw-la suadet_fw-la anthoritas_fw-la vincit_fw-la but_o though_o i_o be_v then_o and_o when_o the_o question_n be_v first_o move_v in_o this_o house_n very_o confident_a yet_o as_o you_o shall_v perceive_v anon_o i_o be_v not_o very_o constant_a in_o that_o opinion_n for_o be_v among_o other_o employ_v by_o this_o house_n to_o make_v search_n in_o the_o exchequer_n for_o record_n which_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o former_a age_n may_v guide_v our_o judgement_n in_o this_o weighty_a point_n and_o have_v diligent_o collect_v the_o argument_n make_v in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o compare_v my_o own_o collection_n with_o report_n thereof_o make_v by_o divers_a other_o of_o my_o friend_n &_o find_v that_o some_o of_o the_o record_n urge_v in_o those_o argument_n be_v untrue_o vouch_v and_o many_o misaply_v i_o then_o begin_v to_o stagger_v in_o my_o opinion_n and_o present_o fall_v to_o examine_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o reason_n which_o have_v be_v allege_v which_o in_o my_o poor_a censure_n i_o find_v not_o of_o strength_n sufficient_a without_o the_o full_a concurrence_n of_o clear_a precedent_n of_o former_a time_n to_o maintain_v the_o judgement_n give_v or_o my_o opinion_n ground_v thereupon_o and_o therefore_o sir_n in_o love_n to_o the_o truth_n i_o do_v forsake_v my_o former_a opinion_n as_o erroneous_a and_o do_v now_o embrace_v the_o contrary_a that_o be_v that_o his_o majesty_n have_v no_o right_a to_o impose_v and_o so_o be_o now_o become_v a_o convert_n those_o reason_n that_o move_v i_o thus_o to_o change_v and_o the_o weakness_n which_o i_o discover_v in_o the_o reason_n allege_v against_o the_o opinion_n which_o i_o now_o hold_v i_o will_v with_o your_o patience_n open_a unto_o you_o and_o will_v therein_o follow_v the_o commandment_n of_o christ_n to_o peter_n be_v convert_v seek_v to_o convert_v my_o brethren_n as_o touch_v the_o judgement_n in_o the_o exchequer_n stand_v yet_o in_o force_n so_o often_o cast_v as_o a_o block_n in_o our_o way_n though_o i_o much_o reverence_n the_o person_n of_o those_o yet_o live_v and_o the_o memory_n of_o those_o that_o be_v with_o god_n who_o give_v the_o judgement_n yet_o see_v as_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a evident_o to_o prove_v the_o same_o to_o be_v against_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o our_o liberty_n i_o can_v esteem_v no_o otherwise_o of_o it_o then_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o ed._n 1._o cap._n 10._o pronounce_v of_o all_o such_o judgement_n that_o be_v that_o it_o be_v void_a and_o to_o be_v hold_v for_o nought_o thus_o much_o i_o think_v good_a to_o say_v by_o way_n of_o preamble_n or_o introduction_n to_o the_o matter_n now_o by_o your_o favour_n i_o will_v enter_v into_o the_o debate_n of_o the_o question_n in_o handle_v of_o which_o i_o will_v purposely_o avoid_v the_o repetition_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v speak_v by_o any_o man_n that_o have_v argue_v before_o as_o know_v in_o what_o presence_n i_o speak_v that_o i_o may_v the_o better_o convey_v myself_o through_o my_o argument_n and_o be_v the_o better_o conceive_v of_o you_o that_o be_v to_o hear_v i_o i_o will_v divide_v that_o which_o i_o have_v to_o say_v into_o certain_a part_n which_o i_o will_v prosecute_v in_o order_n first_o i_o hold_v it_o necessary_a to_o consider_v whether_o custom_n be_v due_a to_o the_o 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law_n in_o the_o world_n delight_v in_o certainty_n and_o abandon_v incertainty_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o all_o debate_n and_o confusion_n than_o which_o nothing_o be_v more_o odious_a in_o law_n and_o therefore_o the_o rule_n be_v quod_fw-la certum_fw-la est_fw-la retinendum_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la incertum_fw-la est_fw-la dimittendum_fw-la nay_o further_o quod_fw-la incertum_fw-la est_fw-la nihil_fw-la est_fw-la this_o be_v the_o censure_n of_o law_n upon_o all_o the_o act_n of_o man_n which_o fall_v under_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n if_o then_o the_o law_n so_o judge_v of_o the_o act_n of_o man_n hold_v they_o for_o nought_o and_o void_a that_o be_v incertain_a how_o much_o more_o than_o do_v the_o law_n require_v certainty_n in_o her_o own_o act_n which_o be_v to_o bind_v all_o man_n and_o if_o in_o any_o of_o the_o act_n of_o law_n certainty_n be_v to_o be_v special_o expect_v most_o of_o all_o be_v it_o requisite_a that_o bound_n of_o limitation_n and_o certainty_n 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if_o the_o law_n be_v otherwise_o and_o therefore_o without_o more_o say_n i_o may_v here_o conclude_v that_o custom_n be_v due_a by_o the_o common-law_n be_v and_o be_v a_o sum_n certain_a not_o to_o be_v increase_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n by_o way_n of_o imposition_n but_o because_o there_o be_v many_o other_o revenue_n due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common-law_n as_o well_o as_o custom_n if_o they_o all_o or_o as_o many_o as_o we_o can_v call_v to_o mind_n shall_v fall_v out_o to_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v sum_v certain_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o be_v increase_v at_o the_o king_n will_v this_o will_v be_v a_o forcible_a argument_n that_o custom_n be_v likewise_o certain_a and_o not_o to_o be_v inhannce_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n for_o this_o argument_n draw_v à _fw-la simili_fw-la be_v of_o great_a force_n and_o the_o most_o usual_a of_o any_o other_o in_o debate_n of_o thing_n doubtful_a in_o law_n quae_fw-la legibus_fw-la decisa_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la index_n 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magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n be_v call_v old_a and_o ancicient_a duty_n this_o be_v vectigal_a patrimoniale_a of_o which_o sort_n i_o can_v produce_v many_o other_o all_o which_o have_v like_o certainty_n nay_o there_o be_v one_o duty_n well_o know_v to_o we_o all_o which_o the_o common-law_n give_v to_o the_o king_n and_o be_v in_o his_o nature_n a_o custom_n our_o very_a case_n in_o which_o the_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o a_o certainty_n which_o he_o can_v exceed_v and_o that_o be_v prisage_n a_o duty_n give_v by_o the_o common-law_n to_o the_o king_n upon_o every_o shipload_v of_o wine_n bring_v into_o the_o kingdom_n by_o english_a merchant_n and_o be_v one_o tun_n of_o wine_n before_o the_o mast_n and_o another_o behind_o i_o be_o unwilling_a to_o trouble_v you_o with_o any_o more_o particular_n of_o this_o kind_n but_o let_v any_o man_n show_v i_o one_o particular_a to_o the_o contrary_a and_o i_o will_v then_o yield_v that_o my_o position_n be_v false_a in_o one_o may_v be_v 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and_o his_o people_n you_o have_v hear_v likewise_o the_o particular_a reason_n of_o that_o position_n you_o have_v also_o hear_v what_o proof_n i_o have_v make_v by_o particular_a case_n of_o like_a nature_n to_o this_o in_o question_n and_o how_o i_o have_v apply_v they_o to_o the_o point_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o whole_a to_o your_o wisdom_n who_o can_v best_o discern_v whether_o the_o argument_n be_v of_o weight_n i_o proceed_v to_o my_o second_o reason_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o policy_n and_o frame_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o providence_n of_o the_o common-law_n the_o which_o as_o it_o require_v at_o the_o subject_n hand_n loyalty_n and_o obedience_n to_o their_o sovereign_n so_o do_v it_o likewise_o
require_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o sovereign_n protection_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o subject_a against_o all_o wrong_n and_o injury_n whatsoever_o offer_v either_o by_o one_o subject_a to_o another_o or_o by_o the_o common_a enemy_n to_o they_o all_o or_o any_o of_o they_o this_o protection_n the_o law_n consider_v can_v be_v without_o a_o great_a charge_n to_o the_o king_n and_o because_o as_o christ_n say_v no_o man_n go_v to_o war_n upon_o his_o own_o charge_n the_o common-law_n therefore_o have_v not_o only_o give_v the_o king_n great_a prerogative_n and_o favour_n touch_v his_o own_o patrimony_n more_o i_o believe_v than_o any_o other_o prince_n in_o the_o world_n have_v but_o also_o have_v for_o the_o sustentation_n of_o his_o great_a and_o necessary_a expense_n in_o the_o protection_n of_o his_o subject_n give_v he_o out_o of_o the_o interest_n and_o property_n of_o the_o subject_a a_o ample_a and_o very_o honourable_a revenue_n in_o very_a many_o particular_a case_n 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a_o idle_a act_n which_o shall_v never_o be_v impute_v to_o a_o wise_a law_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o as_o the_o revenue_n be_v ordinary_a occasion_n answer_v to_o a_o objection_n that_o the_o king_n may_v lay_v imposition_n in_o time_n of_o extraordinary_a occasion_n so_o be_v they_o by_o the_o law_n provide_v only_o for_o the_o susteyn_v of_o the_o king_n ordinary_a charge_n and_o that_o if_o the_o law_n have_v not_o take_v further_o consideration_n and_o limit_v some_o certain_a course_n how_o upon_o sudden_a and_o extraordinary_a occasion_n the_o king_n charge_n may_v be_v sustain_v that_o there_o be_v yet_o no_o reason_n show_v to_o the_o contrary_a why_o the_o king_n may_v not_o upon_o such_o occasion_n take_v some_o extraordinary_a course_n for_o the_o raise_n of_o money_n as_o by_o the_o lay_n of_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n or_o by_o a_o tax_n within_o the_o realm_n rather_o than_o the_o common_a wealth_n for_o want_v thereof_o shall_v perish_v or_o be_v endanger_v hitcham_n sir_n robert_n hitcham_n and_o hereupon_o by_o the_o knight_n that_o last_o speak_v it_o be_v hold_v that_o upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a war_n the_o king_n may_v not_o only_o lay_v imposition_n but_o levy_v a_o tax_n within_o the_o realm_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n which_o position_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v very_o dangerous_a for_o to_o admit_v this_o be_v by_o consequence_n to_o bring_v we_o into_o bondage_n you_o say_v that_o upon_o occasion_n of_o sudden_a war_n the_o king_n may_v levy_v a_o tax_n who_o shall_v be_v judge_n between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n of_o the_o occasion_n can_v it_o be_v try_v by_o any_o legal_a course_n in_o our_o law_n it_o can_v if_o then_o the_o king_n himself_o must_v be_v the_o sole_a judge_n in_o this_o case_n will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o the_o king_n may_v levy_v a_o tax_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n see_v his_o pleasure_n can_v be_v bound_v by_o law_n you_o see_v into_o what_o a_o mischief_n the_o admittance_n of_o one_o error_n have_v draw_v you_o but_o for_o a_o full_a answer_n to_o the_o objection_n i_o say_v that_o the_o providence_n of_o the_o common-law_n be_v such_o and_o so_o excellent_a as_o that_o for_o the_o defray_n of_o the_o king_n charge_v upon_o any_o occasion_n of_o a_o sudden_a war_n it_o have_v over_o and_o above_o all_o the_o ordinary_a revenue_n which_o it_o give_v the_o king_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n can_v indeed_o but_o fall_n short_a make_v a_o excellent_a provision_n for_o sir_n the_o war_n must_v needs_o be_v either_o offensive_a or_o defensive_a offensive_a must_v either_o be_v upon_o some_o nation_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o against_o the_o scot_n or_o welsh_a or_o other_o borderer_n within_o the_o island_n if_o it_o be_v a_o offensive_a war_n upon_o some_o nation_n beyond_o the_o sea_n it_o can_v be_v a_o sudden_a accident_n for_o it_o be_v the_o king_n own_o act_n and_o he_o may_v and_o it_o be_v fit_v he_o shall_v 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it_o to_o your_o judgement_n whether_o i_o maintain_v my_o assertion_n or_o be_v not_o rather_o better_o than_o my_o word_n for_o the_o number_n the_o first_o imposition_n by_o they_o allege_v doderig_n urge_v by_o flem._n clark_n doderig_n be_v that_o of_o 16._o ed._n 1._o which_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n be_v 4._o shilling_n upon_o a_o tun_n of_o wine_n this_o indeed_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v a_o mere_a imposition_n such_o as_o be_v now_o in_o question_n and_o yet_o if_o i_o do_v deny_v it_o and_o say_v that_o it_o be_v lay_v by_o assent_n of_o parliament_n i_o know_v not_o how_o the_o contrary_a can_v be_v prove_v for_o though_o indeed_o the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n be_v cum_fw-la rex_fw-la precipisset_fw-la ut_fw-la de_fw-la singulis_fw-la doliis_fw-la vini_fw-la caperentur_fw-la 4._o solidi_fw-la it_o follow_v not_o that_o it_o be_v lay_v therefore_o only_o by_o the_o king_n commandment_n for_o we_o see_v that_o even_o some_o act_n 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i_o shall_v i_o hope_v clear_o prove_v unto_o you_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o rest_n the_o next_o precedent_n urge_v be_v a_o imposition_n of_o 40._o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n lay_v by_o e._n 1._o a_o 21._o for_o the_o proof_n of_o which_o a_o record_n of_o the_o exchequer_n of_o that_o year_n have_v be_v vouch_v i_o must_v confess_v i_o have_v not_o see_v that_o record_n but_o by_o another_o record_n of_o the_o same_o court_n an_z 26._o e._n 1._o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o say_a imposition_n be_v not_o raise_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n but_o by_o grant_n and_o that_o also_o the_o same_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n and_o to_o endure_v but_o two_o or_o three_o year_n if_o the_o war_n shall_v so_o long_o continue_v as_o will_v best_o appear_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o record_n cum_fw-la custuma_fw-la 40_o nobis_fw-la in_o subsidium_fw-la guaerrae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la contra_fw-la regem_fw-la francia_fw-la 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against_o all_o other_o imposition_n whatsoever_o as_o i_o say_v i_o hope_v i_o shall_v anon_o clear_o prove_v unto_o you_o insomuch_o as_o this_o imposition_n of_o 40._o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n aught_o to_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v urge_v as_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o present_a imposition_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n which_o follow_v thereupon_o as_o that_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n it_o may_v be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o happy_a accident_n in_o the_o consequence_n thereof_o that_o ever_o befall_v the_o common_a wealth_n in_o this_o kind_n for_o it_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o first_o law_n that_o ever_o be_v make_v against_o imposition_n and_o other_o charge_n and_o burden_n of_o that_o nature_n to_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n and_o so_o i_o leave_v their_o second_o precedent_n hobart_n vouch_a by_o fleming_n clark_n 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plowdens_n argument_n against_o it_o in_o m._n tates_n hand_n but_o their_o resolution_n be_v not_o where_o to_o be_v find_v at_o least_o by_o we_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o if_o they_o have_v give_v judgement_n for_o the_o queen_n it_o will_v not_o have_v be_v keep_v close_o but_o howsoever_o the_o profit_n be_v too_o great_a to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o crown_n and_o therefore_o it_o continue_v till_o this_o day_n howsoever_o the_o reason_n in_o equity_n in_o the_o lay_v this_o imposition_n upon_o cloth_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v sound_n unto_o some_o man_n and_o so_o to_o allow_v of_o this_o imposition_n as_o differ_v from_o we_o yet_o for_o my_o part_n i_o hold_v it_o not_o so_o when_o i_o consider_v what_o course_n be_v take_v by_o ed._n 3._o upon_o the_o same_o occasion_n a_o 11._o e._n 3._o c._n 1._o &_o 2._o it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o wool_n shall_v be_v carry_v out_o of_o england_n but_o by_o the_o king_n licence_n and_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v wear_v cloth_n 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king_n and_o that_o he_o may_v open_v they_o and_o shut_v they_o upon_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v answer_v and_o in_o regard_n thereof_o he_o may_v open_v and_o shut_v they_o upon_o what_o condition_n he_o please_v i_o answer_v i._o that_o the_o position_n that_o all_o the_o port_n be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o general_o true_a for_o subject_n may_v also_o be_v owner_n of_o port_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o 3._o e._n 1._o m._n 1._o parl._n where_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o king_n ed._n 1._o grant_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o port_n town_n the_o forfeiture_n grant_v to_o he_o by_o parliament_n for_o not_o due_o pay_v the_o new_a custom_n of_o the_o demy-marke_a within_o every_o several_a port_n of_o they_o where_o the_o merchandize_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v import_v or_o export_v but_o admit_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o position_n yet_o be_v the_o consequence_n as_o weak_a and_o dangerous_a as_o of_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o argument_n for_o 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therefore_o he_o may_v take_v what_o he_o listen_v no_o more_o than_o he_o may_v at_o his_o pleasure_n increase_v that_o old_a revenue_n which_o the_o law_n give_v he_o for_o protect_v of_o subject_n in_o their_o suit_n or_o for_o protect_a ward_n etc._n etc._n another_o argument_n of_o they_o be_v this_o all_z other_z prince_n of_o the_o world_n may_v impose_v upon_o merchandise_n at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o so_o may_v make_v our_o merchandize_n less_o vendible_a with_o they_o by_o lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o they_o to_o be_v pay_v by_o we_o when_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o their_o territory_n whereby_o their_o own_o commodity_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n may_v be_v sell_v more_o to_o the_o gain_n of_o their_o merchant_n and_o our_o merchant_n impoverish_v or_o drive_v from_o his_o trade_n they_o may_v also_o lay_v imposition_n upon_o our_o merchant_n fetch_v commodity_n from_o thence_o and_o leave_v their_o own_o merchant_n free_a from_o any_o imposition_n in_o the_o same_o 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to_o meet_v with_o the_o inconvenience_n and_o in_o deed_n the_o mean_n be_v divers_a which_o these_o our_o king_n use_v to_o prevent_v it_o first_o they_o be_v careful_a in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n with_o foreign_a prince_n special_o to_o provide_v for_o it_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o the_o ancient_a league_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o league_n of_o late_a time_n that_o have_v not_o have_v a_o article_n for_o provision_n in_o this_o point_n which_o league_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v upon_o oath_n on_o both_o part_n and_o yet_o for_o further_a security_n our_o king_n have_v always_o have_v ambassador_n resident_a in_o the_o court_n of_o such_o foreign_a prince_n to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o their_o league_n if_o upon_o any_o occasion_n our_o merchant_n have_v in_o that_o case_n happen_v to_o be_v never_o so_o little_o wrong_v by_o they_o &_o if_o upon_o complaint_n of_o the_o ambassador_n our_o merchant_n have_v not_o find_v redress_n our_o king_n have_v hold_v the_o league_n as_o break_v and_o denounce_v war_n or_o seize_v all_o the_o good_n of_o the_o same_o prince_n subject_n within_o england_n and_o i_o dare_v say_v there_o have_v be_v more_o war_n undertake_v by_o our_o prince_n against_o foreign_a nation_n only_o for_o this_o cause_n then_o for_o any_o one_o other_o cause_n whatsoever_o beside_o our_o king_n have_v in_o this_o case_n sometime_o make_v use_n of_o that_o their_o prerogative_n of_o restraint_n either_o by_o prohibit_v our_o merchant_n from_o carry_v our_o commodity_n into_o those_o part_n where_o they_o be_v charge_v with_o imposition_n that_o so_o by_o the_o want_n of_o our_o commodity_n foreign_a prince_n may_v be_v enforce_v to_o abate_v their_o imposition_n lay_v upon_o they_o or_o by_o restrain_v the_o merchant_n of_o foreign_a prince_n to_o import_v or_o export_v commodity_n from_o hence_o by_o which_o mean_v foreign_a prince_n have_v be_v compel_v to_o deal_v favourable_o with_o our_o merchant_n for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o own_o subject_n all_o these_o be_v lawful_a and_o ordinary_a mean_n to_o prevent_v or_o redress_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v grow_v by_o the_o imposition_n of_o other_o prince_n if_o all_o these_o ordinary_a mean_n shall_v happen_v to_o fail_v which_o can_v hardly_o so_o fall_v out_o and_o that_o the_o lay_n of_o imposition_n be_v indeed_o the_o only_a mean_n that_o be_v leave_v to_o redress_v the_o inconvenience_n why_o shall_v not_o that_o be_v do_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o well_o in_o these_o time_n as_o it_o be_v in_o 7._o h._n 7._o cap._n 7._o to_o take_v down_o the_o imposition_n of_o four_o ducat_n upon_o a_o but_o of_o malmsey_n impose_v by_o the_o venetian_n and_o as_o it_o be_v do_v by_o queen_n eliz._n the_o 19_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n to_o prevent_v the_o lay_n of_o imposition_n by_o foreign_a prince_n upon_o saltfish_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o print_a statute_n of_o 19_o eliz._n cap._n 10._o but_o as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o providence_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o ordinary_a power_n of_o restraint_n may_v very_o well_o meet_v with_o the_o inconvenience_n these_o be_v the_o chief_a reason_n make_v in_o maintenance_n of_o imposition_n the_o weakness_n of_o they_o and_o their_o dangerous_a consequence_n you_o can_v but_o perceive_v for_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n tax_n within_o the_o land_n may_v be_v as_o well_o prove_v to_o be_v lawful_a on_o the_o contrary_a part_n you_o have_v hear_v the_o reason_n against_o imposition_n fortify_v by_o many_o record_n and_o statute_n in_o the_o point_n so_o as_o i_o conclude_v that_o imposition_n neither_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n or_o other_o the_o great_a necessity_n or_o occasion_n that_o may_v be_v much_o less_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n neither_o upon_o foreign_a nor_o inland_n commodity_n of_o whatsoever_o nature_n be_v they_o never_o so_o superfluous_a or_o unnecessary_a neither_o upon_o merchant_n stranger_n nor_o denizen_n may_v 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of_o certainty_n and_o this_o of_o the_o provision_n make_v by_o the_o common-law_n be_v in_o my_o poor_a opinion_n argument_n of_o direct_a proof_n that_o the_o king_n can_v impose_v i_o will_v now_o according_a to_o my_o division_n urge_v a_o argument_n or_o two_o of_o inference_n and_o presumption_n the_o rather_o because_o argument_n of_o this_o nature_n have_v be_v much_o enforce_v by_o those_o who_o have_v maintain_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n bacon_n sir_n francis_n bacon_n especial_o by_o mr._n solicitor_n i_o call_v they_o argument_n of_o inference_n and_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n those_o which_o i_o shall_v urge_v be_v also_o of_o good_a proof_n such_o as_o they_o be_v you_o shall_v judge_v of_o they_o they_o be_v draw_v either_o from_o the_o action_n or_o forbearance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o this_o realm_n or_o from_o the_o action_n and_o forbearance_n of_o the_o people_n first_o in_o the_o action_n and_o forbearance_n of_o the_o king_n impose_v argument_n draw_v from_o 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proof_n of_o which_o i_o produce_v charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v anno_fw-la 31._o ed._n 1._o whereby_o it_o be_v recite_v that_o in_o lieu_n of_o certain_a liberty_n and_o immunity_n grant_v by_o the_o king_n to_o the_o merchant-stranger_n as_o also_o for_o the_o release_n of_o prisage_n they_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n a_o increase_n of_o custom_n what_o be_v all_o the_o special_a liberty_n that_o be_v grant_v they_o i_o know_v not_o nor_o whether_o they_o continue_v but_o sure_o i_o be_o that_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o grant_v they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n free_a of_o prisage_n pay_v only_o 2s._o upon_o a_o tun_n of_o wine_n by_o the_o name_n of_o butlerage_n which_o they_o grant_v by_o the_o same_o charter_n whereas_o englishman_n pay_v prisage_n in_o specie_fw-la viz._n one_o tun_n before_o the_o mast_n and_o one_o tun_n behind_o and_o it_o be_v very_o worthy_a the_o observation_n how_o the_o same_o king_n e._n 1._o in_o the_o same_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n do_v command_v his_o customer_n throughout_o england_n that_o whereas_o certain_a english_a merchant_n be_v as_o he_o be_v inform_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n willing_a to_o pay_v he_o the_o like_a increase_n of_o custom_n which_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n have_v grant_v unto_o he_o so_o as_o they_o may_v enjoy_v the_o like_a liberty_n and_o benefit_n that_o nevertheless_o they_o shall_v not_o compel_v such_o english_a merchant_n against_o their_o will_n to_o pay_v it_o the_o word_n be_v worth_a the_o hear_n cum_fw-la quidam_fw-la mercatores_fw-la de_fw-la regno_fw-la &_o potestate_fw-la nostri_fw-la ut_fw-la ipsi_fw-la dictis_fw-la libertat_fw-la have_v before_o recite_v charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la uti_fw-la &_o gandere_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr prisis_fw-la nastris_fw-la quieti_fw-la esse_fw-la possint_fw-la praestationes_fw-la &_o custumas_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la de_fw-la bonis_fw-la &_o mercandizis_fw-la suis_fw-la nobis_fw-la dare_n &_o solvere_fw-la velint_fw-la ut_fw-la accepimus_fw-la assignavimus_fw-la vos_fw-la ad_fw-la praestationes_fw-la &_o custumas_fw-la praedictas_fw-la de_fw-la his_fw-la qui_fw-la praestationes_fw-la &_o custumasillas_fw-la gratanter_fw-la &_o absque_fw-la cohercione_fw-la solvere_fw-la volnerint_fw-la colligendum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la opus_fw-la nostrum_fw-la recipiendum_fw-la ita_fw-la tamen_fw-la quod_fw-la aliquem_fw-la mercatorem_fw-la de_fw-la dicto_fw-la regno_fw-la nostro_fw-la ad_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la praestationes_fw-la &_o custumas_fw-la nobis_fw-la invite_v solvendum_fw-la nullatenus_fw-la distringatis_fw-la what_o strong_a inference_n can_v there_o almost_o possible_o be_v against_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n of_o impose_v than_o this_o that_o he_o be_v content_v and_o so_o specify_v to_o all_o his_o officer_n of_o the_o port_n that_o if_o the_o merchant_n do_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n pay_v more_o than_o their_o ancient_a custom_n they_o shall_v have_v consideration_n for_o it_o but_o if_o they_o themselves_o be_v not_o 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subsidy_n the_o xls._n de_fw-fr sacc_fw-la de_fw-mi lie_v outre_fw-fr le_fw-fr droiturel_fw-fr male_a tout_fw-fr de_fw-fr demi_a mark_n et_fw-fr prion_n que_fw-fr soit_fw-fr amend_v a_o rest_n parliament_n car_fw-fr est_fw-fr encounter_n reason_n que_fw-fr le_fw-fr comialtie_n de_fw-mi lour_v biens_fw-fr soient_fw-fr per_fw-la merchant_n charge_n which_o i_o english_a thus_o the_o commons_o show_v how_o the_o merchant_n have_v grant_v by_o themselves_o wihout_v assent_n of_o parliament_n â—_o subsidy_n of_o 40s._o upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n over_o and_o above_o the_o rightful_a custom_n of_o half_a a_o mark_n and_o pray_v that_o it_o may_v be_v redress_v at_o this_o parliament_n for_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o the_o commonalty_n shall_v be_v charge_v in_o their_o good_n by_o merchant_n with_o this_o agree_v the_o print_a statute_n of_o 36._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 11._o in_o the_o statute_n at_o large_a where_o you_o shall_v find_v a_o express_a provision_n against_o the_o raise_n of_o imposition_n upon_o wool_n by_o grant_n
of_o merchant_n in_o which_o petition_n i_o do_v observe_v that_o the_o parliament_n in_o those_o day_n do_v distinguish_v even_o as_o we_o now_o do_v between_o imposition_n lay_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o imposition_n lay_v only_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o merchant_n acknowledge_v that_o imposition_n lay_v by_o parliament_n be_v only_o lawful_a and_o condemn_v all_o other_o as_o unlawful_a for_o otherwise_o why_o shall_v they_o term_v the_o demy-marke_a which_o be_v lay_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 3._o ed._n 1._o droiturel_n maletout_a a_o lawful_a imposition_n but_o with_o relation_n to_o the_o unlawfulnesse_n of_o these_o imposition_n grant_v by_o merchant_n which_o they_o then_o do_v complain_v of_o beside_o i_o observe_v that_o they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v against_o reason_n that_o merchant_n shall_v by_o their_o grant_n without_o assent_n in_o parliament_n charge_v the_o whole_a commonalty_n by_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o they_o complain_v not_o so_o much_o of_o the_o excess_n or_o greatness_n of_o the_o imposition_n as_o of_o the_o unlawful_a manner_n of_o the_o raise_n of_o it_o by_o grant_n of_o merchant_n without_o assent_n in_o parliament_n hitherto_o i_o have_v according_a to_o my_o division_n draw_v argument_n from_o that_o which_o our_o king_n have_v do_v and_o put_v in_o practice_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o custom_n i_o will_v now_o make_v some_o observation_n of_o their_o forbearance_n occasion_n argument_n draw_v from_o the_o forbearance_n of_o our_o king_n to_o lay_v imposition_n not_o withstand_v their_o great_a occasion_n to_o put_v this_o pretend_a power_n in_o practice_n consider_v the_o several_a occasion_n of_o the_o time_n which_o i_o will_v prosecute_v in_o order_n first_o therefore_o in_o general_a i_o observe_v that_o from_o the_o conquest_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n be_v no_o less_o than_o 480._o year_n space_n whatsoever_o the_o occasion_n be_v whatsoever_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o king_n be_v yet_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o this_o pretend_a prerogative_n of_o impose_v the_o king_n have_v be_v so_o spare_v as_o notwithstanding_o this_o curious_a search_n that_o have_v be_v make_v wherein_o i_o suppose_v nothing_o that_o may_v make_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o the_o question_n have_v escape_v we_o it_o can_v be_v find_v or_o prove_v by_o matter_n of_o record_n that_o six_o imposition_n such_o as_o we_o now_o complain_v of_o be_v lay_v by_o all_o those_o king_n who_o be_v in_o number_n 22._o and_o those_o six_o if_o they_o be_v so_o many_o though_o they_o be_v unlawful_a yet_o be_v they_o in_o some_o sort_n to_o be_v bear_v withal_o first_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v very_o moderate_a second_o that_o they_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o great_a and_o apparent_a necessity_n and_o that_o they_o be_v to_o endure_v but_o for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o for_o none_o of_o they_o except_o only_o that_o upon_o wine_n lay_v 16._o e._n 1._o last_v long_o they_o be_v i_o say_v notwithstanding_o their_o unlawfulnesse_n yet_o in_o these_o other_o respect_n so_o far_o to_o be_v bear_v withal_o as_o if_o the_o imposition_n which_o be_v now_o lay_v have_v be_v so_o qualify_v we_o shall_v i_o suppose_v never_o have_v complain_v of_o they_o and_o yet_o not_o one_o of_o these_o few_o imposition_n lay_v in_o former_a time_n but_o be_v complain_v of_o and_o upon_o complaint_n take_v away_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o record_n here_o among_o we_o how_o much_o more_o reason_n be_v there_o then_o that_o we_o shall_v expect_v the_o like_a justice_n now_o consider_v that_o not_o one_o merchandise_n alone_o as_o then_o but_o very_o near_o all_o the_o sort_n and_o several_a kind_n of_o merchandise_n that_o be_v be_v charge_v that_o not_o a_o moderate_a and_o easy_a charge_n be_v lay_v upon_o they_o but_o such_o as_o though_o we_o shall_v confess_v his_o majesty_n absolute_a power_n to_o lay_v what_o he_o listen_v yet_o we_o have_v just_a cause_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o excessivenesse_n of_o the_o burden_n for_o first_o the_o rate_n of_o merchandise_n for_o the_o subsidy_n of_o poundage_n and_o tonnage_n be_v extreme_o raise_v a_o thing_n also_o though_o lawful_a yet_o have_v be_v rare_o put_v in_o practice_n then_o come_v the_o impost_n upon_o the_o back_n of_o that_o and_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o subsidy_n itself_o be_v in_o some_o few_o merchandise_n it_o be_v true_a the_o impost_n be_v perhaps_o less_o than_o the_o subsidy_n but_o it_o be_v as_o true_a that_o in_o divers_a other_o the_o impost_n be_v far_o more_o beside_o these_o imposition_n be_v not_o lay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n but_o even_o then_o when_o we_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o all_o the_o world_n except_o perhaps_o there_o be_v some_o spark_n of_o rebellion_n in_o ireland_n than_o not_o full_o quench_v last_o these_o imposition_n be_v not_o as_o those_o in_o former_a time_n be_v limit_v to_o endure_v for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o but_o be_v to_o come_v to_o his_o majesty_n his_o 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enough_o to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o act_n i_o dare_v undertake_v that_o as_o well_o tax_n within_o the_o land_n as_o imposition_n upon_o merchandize_n may_v be_v prove_v to_o be_v lawful_a but_o to_o allege_v the_o act_n of_o king_n in_o raise_v a_o profit_n to_o themselves_o upon_o their_o subject_n to_o prove_v thereby_o their_o right_n be_v of_o all_o other_o argument_n that_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o so_o i_o leave_v it_o and_o call_v to_o mind_n that_o when_o i_o tell_v you_o it_o can_v not_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o record_n among_o we_o that_o from_o the_o conquest_n to_o queen_n mary_n time_n there_o have_v be_v any_o more_o than_o six_o imposition_n lay_v i_o do_v in_o that_o number_n limit_v myself_o to_o such_o imposition_n as_o those_o be_v which_o we_o now_o complain_v of_o for_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o in_o that_o space_n many_o more_o imposition_n be_v lay_v but_o they_o be_v of_o a_o far_o differ_v nature_n from_o we_o differ_v i_o say_v not_o only_o in_o those_o circumstance_n by_o which_o i_o do_v even_o now_o compare_v the_o imposition_n of_o these_o time_n to_o those_o five_o or_o six_o of_o former_a age_n but_o in_o very_a essence_n and_o property_n insomuch_o as_o they_o may_v not_o proper_o be_v call_v imposition_n and_o yet_o the_o frequent_a practice_n of_o they_o have_v be_v object_v and_o rely_v upon_o as_o so_o many_o precedent_n to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o imposition_n now_o complain_v of_o it_o behove_v i_o therefore_o that_o in_o maintenance_n of_o my_o assertion_n that_o so_o few_o imposition_n have_v be_v lay_v as_o i_o have_v affirm_v that_o i_o open_v unto_o you_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o which_o be_v do_v yourselves_o will_v easy_o judge_v that_o the_o great_a part_n make_v nothing_o towards_o the_o defence_n of_o these_o present_a imposition_n for_o these_o imposition_n which_o now_o be_v in_o question_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o increase_n of_o custom_n at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o command_v by_o he_o to_o be_v take_v the_o passage_n be_v free_a and_o open_a to_o all_o man_n those_o other_o which_o make_v such_o a_o great_a show_n in_o number_n and_o be_v produce_v as_o so_o many_o precedent_n in_o maintenance_n of_o these_o be_v no_o other_o than_o so_o many_o dispensation_n or_o licence_n for_o money_n to_o pass_v with_o merchandize_n prohibit_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v export_v as_o will_v evident_o appear_v by_o compare_v the_o time_n and_o examine_v the_o statute_n i_o will_v therefore_o in_o this_o place_n as_o short_o as_o i_o can_v run_v over_o those_o precedent_n that_o have_v be_v or_o may_v be_v allege_v by_o the_o contrary_a part_n out_o of_o those_o record_n which_o be_v here_o among_o we_o and_o leave_v
these_o indeed_o and_o only_o these_o be_v mere_a imposition_n and_o may_v be_v apt_o compare_v with_o these_o of_o our_o time_n of_o this_o kind_n among_o all_o the_o record_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o time_n i_o find_v only_o two_o which_o i_o will_v true_o open_v unto_o you_o the_o first_o be_v in_o the_o twenty_o one_o of_o his_o reign_n where_o it_o appear_v that_o lionel_n afterward_o duke_n of_o clarence_n name_v upon_o the_o record_n parliam_fw-la 21._o ed._n 3_o not_o 11_o ro._n parliam_fw-la lionel_n of_o antwerp_n because_o i_o suppose_v he_o be_v there_o bear_v the_o king_n second_o son_n be_v then_o guardian_n of_o england_n while_o the_o king_n his_o father_n be_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o calais_n at_o a_o counsel_n by_o he_o hold_v the_o same_o year_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o privy_a counsel_n assess_v without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n upon_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n two_o shilling_n upon_o every_o tun_n of_o wine_n two_o shilling_n 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in_o 13._o ed._n 3._o forty_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n be_v usual_a and_o sometime_o fifty_o shilling_n second_o it_o be_v to_o continue_v no_o long_o then_o till_o michaelmas_n follow_v three_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o most_o chargeable_a war_n and_o ordain_v to_o be_v employ_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o ship_n of_o war_n at_o sea_n for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o merchant_n in_o their_o passage_n of_o which_o it_o be_v apparent_a there_o be_v at_o this_o instant_n very_o great_a necessity_n for_o it_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v impose_v then_o when_o king_n ed._n 3._o lay_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o calais_n beside_o such_o as_o it_o be_v and_o so_o qualify_v as_o you_o perceive_v it_o be_v nevertheless_o complain_v of_o in_o parliament_n by_o a_o petition_n from_o the_o commons_o as_o may_v appear_v be_v the_o record_n of_o the_o same_o parliament_n of_o 21._o ed._n 3._o to_o which_o petition_n or_o complaint_n this_o answer_n be_v give_v that_o all_o the_o say_a imposition_n be_v already_o take_v away_o save_v only_o the_o two_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n which_o shall_v last_v no_o long_o than_o easter_n and_o see_v the_o same_o be_v ordain_v for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o merchant_n in_o which_o there_o have_v be_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n expend_v by_o the_o king_n then_o can_v be_v collect_v between_o that_o and_o michaelmas_n therefore_o to_o continue_v the_o same_o till_o easter_n he_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o seem_v over-burdensome_a or_o grievous_a unto_o they_o in_o the_o parliament_n follow_v viz._n anno_fw-la 22._o the_o commons_o pray_v that_o writ_n may_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o customer_n to_o forbear_v at_o easter_n next_o to_o take_v the_o two_o shilling_n upon_o a_o sack_n par._n 22_o e._n 3._o n_o 16._o ro._n par._n according_a as_o it_o be_v grant_v at_o the_o last_o parliament_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o any_o long_o continue_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o any_o merchant_n the_o king_n answer_v let_v it_o cease_v at_o easter_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v the_o last_o parliament_n here_o you_o see_v it_o be_v absolute_o take_v away_o and_o therefore_o though_o it_o have_v want_v these_o qualification_n and_o circumstance_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o have_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n so_o public_o condemn_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v of_o little_a force_n with_o you_o to_o justify_v these_o present_a imposition_n but_o that_o which_o i_o observe_v out_o of_o this_o last_o record_n make_v i_o rather_o to_o incline_v that_o this_o imposition_n be_v only_o by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n then_o that_o it_o be_v a_o absolute_a imposition_n such_o as_o we_o be_v for_o to_o what_o end_n i_o pray_v you_o shall_v the_o commons_o pray_v that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v any_o long_o continue_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o any_o merchant_n except_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o merchant_n for_o their_o benefit_n shall_v pray_v the_o long_a continuance_n thereof_o and_o what_o benefit_n can_v any_o imposition_n whatsoever_o be_v to_o a_o merchant_n except_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n to_o give_v he_o leave_v to_o trade_v where_o before_o such_o dispensation_n give_v he_o stand_v altogether_o restrain_v if_o then_o it_o be_v a_o imposition_n by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n with_o a_o penal_a statute_n of_o restraint_n then_o be_v it_o no_o precedent_n for_o our_o present_a imposition_n but_o whether_o or_o no_o it_o be_v a_o dispensation_n or_o absolute_a imposition_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o your_o judgement_n you_o have_v hear_v my_o observation_n and_o so_o i_o come_v to_o the_o next_o precedent_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 3._o produce_v for_o maintenance_n of_o our_o imposition_n scac._n 24_o e._n 3._o n._n 12._o orig._n de_fw-fr scac._n which_o be_v in_o the_o 24_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o record_n of_o which_o and_o that_o which_o follow_v thereupon_o i_o will_v without_o any_o enforcement_n at_o all_o open_v unto_o you_o and_o so_o leave_v it_o to_o your_o censure_n the_o king_n recite_v that_o whereas_o the_o spaniard_n and_o french_a have_v join_v in_o league_n to_o make_v war_n against_o he_o and_o that_o for_o the_o withstand_v of_o his_o say_a adversary_n as_o also_o for_o the_o safeguard_n of_o merchant_n against_o pirate_n he_o have_v ordain_v that_o certain_a ship_n shall_v be_v set_v forth_o and_o that_o for_o maintenance_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n there_o shall_v be_v pay_v by_o merchant_n two_o shilling_n for_o every_o sack_n of_o wool_n two_o shilling_n for_o three_o hundred_o woolfel_n four_o shilling_n for_o a_o last_o of_o leather_n a_o scute_n of_o gold_n or_o four_o shil_n impose_v poundage_n impose_v for_o a_o ton_n of_o wine_n and_o six_o penny_n of_o the_o pound_n upon_o all_o other_o merchandize_v for_o one_o year_n follow_v he_o command_v his_o customer_n to_o levy_v the_o same_o according_o the_o very_a next_o year_n and_o parliament_n follow_v par._n 25_o ed_n 3_o no._n 12_o rot_v par._n the_o commons_o exhibit_v a_o petition_n in_o parliament_n against_o imposition_n and_o other_o like_a charge_n without_o assent_n of_o parliament_n to_o which_o answer_n be_v give_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o king_n intion_n they_o shall_v be_v charge_v i_o have_v now_o go_v through_o all_o the_o material_a record_n here_o among_o we_o of_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 3._o in_o which_o though_o his_o reign_n be_v very_o long_o and_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o war_n and_o other_o excessive_a charge_n more_o occasion_n be_v give_v he_o to_o try_v the_o strength_n of_o this_o point_n of_o the_o prerogative_n than_o ever_o any_o king_n before_o or_o since_o though_o oftentimes_o and_o by_o many_o politic_a invention_n as_o you_o have_v hear_v he_o attempt_v to_o establish_v this_o prerogative_n of_o lay_v imposition_n without_o assent_n in_o parliament_n yet_o can_v there_o not_o be_v produce_v in_o all_o his_o time_n any_o more_o than_o two_o precedent_n of_o imposition_n like_v to_o these_o of_o we_o that_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a authority_n and_o yet_o these_o two_o be_v also_o as_o you_o perceive_v qualify_v with_o such_o circumstance_n as_o if_o we_o be_v such_o we_o shall_v have_v hold_v they_o tolerable_a though_o perhaps_o not_o lawful_a yet_o they_o such_o as_o they_o be_v escape_v not_o without_o be_v complain_v of_o and_o condemn_v also_o in_o parliament_n as_o you_o have_v hear_v it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v that_o some_o one_o or_o two_o of_o these_o imposition_n which_o be_v by_o assent_n or_o grant_v of_o merchant_n in_o this_o time_n of_o ed._n 3._o be_v in_o time_n when_o the_o passage_n be_v open_a and_o not_o restrain_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o so_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o our_o imposition_n but_o whosoever_o shall_v by_o look_v over_o the_o statute_n
and_o record_n with_o never_o so_o much_o heed_n consider_v the_o time_n of_o open_v and_o shut_v of_o the_o sea_n by_o statute_n shall_v find_v it_o so_o intricate_a as_o he_o shall_v be_v very_o hardly_o able_a direct_o to_o say_v that_o at_o the_o time_n when_o any_o of_o these_o imposition_n be_v grant_v the_o passage_n be_v open_a if_o in_o my_o observation_n i_o have_v find_v any_o such_o i_o shall_v have_v admit_v it_o for_o a_o absolute_a imposition_n as_o i_o have_v do_v charta_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la which_o be_v by_o grant_n of_o merchant_n for_o certain_o as_o i_o have_v yield_v the_o grant_n of_o merchant_n be_v in_o this_o case_n of_o no_o other_o effect_n than_o the_o declaration_n only_o of_o their_o assent_n and_o the_o imposition_n rest_v mere_o upon_o the_o king_n authority_n but_o i_o find_v none_o such_o if_o any_o such_o can_v be_v produce_v you_o have_v hear_v how_o they_o have_v be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n control_v in_o parliament_n and_o so_o i_o pass_v from_o e._n 3._o to_o the_o time_n follow_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o e._n 3._o till_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n mary_n who_o be_v the_o eleven_o prince_n of_o this_o realm_n after_o ed._n 3._o as_o ed._n 3._o be_v the_o eleven_o after_o the_o conquest_n be_v the_o space_n of_o 170._o year_n or_o thereabouts_o it_o have_v be_v confess_v by_o all_o those_o that_o have_v argue_v in_o maintenance_n of_o his_o majesty_n right_o to_o impose_v that_o there_o have_v not_o be_v find_v one_o record_n that_o prove_v any_o one_o imposition_n to_o have_v be_v lay_v there_o be_v indeed_o in_o our_o print_a book_n some_o three_o or_o four_o statute_n during_o that_o time_n in_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o imposition_n but_o they_o be_v as_o i_o shall_v prove_v imposition_n of_o another_o nature_n than_o those_o be_v which_o we_o complain_v of_o and_o so_o make_v nothing_o at_o all_o to_o the_o proof_n of_o his_o majesty_n right_o or_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o we_o be_v yet_o be_v they_o no_o where_n find_v mention_v but_o with_o disgrace_n and_o to_o the_o end_n to_o be_v take_v away_o which_o may_v be_v the_o reason_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a use_n that_o may_v have_v be_v make_v of_o three_o or_o four_o precedent_n of_o imposition_n in_o these_o time_n for_o the_o patch_v up_o of_o a_o continuance_n of_o the_o practice_n which_o otherwise_o by_o this_o long_a discontinuance_n receive_v a_o great_a blemish_n those_o which_o argue_v for_o imposition_n do_v not_o take_v hold_n of_o these_o but_o choose_v rather_o to_o confess_v that_o no_o imposition_n at_o all_o be_v lay_v during_o all_o this_o time_n and_o labour_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o discontinuance_n i_o will_v brief_o show_v you_o what_o statute_n they_o be_v during_o that_o time_n which_o mention_n imposition_n the_o first_o be_v 11_o r._n 2._o cap._n 9_o 3._o 11_o r._n 2._o cap._n 9_o statute_n in_o which_o there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o imposition_n after_o the_o end_n of_o edw._n the_o three_o reign_n until_o queen_n maries_n ed._n 3._o no_o imposition_n nor_o charge_n shall_v be_v put_v upon_o wool_n leather_n or_o woolfels_n other_o than_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n this_o present_a parliament_n and_o if_o any_o be_v the_o same_o shall_v be_v repeal_v and_o annul_v as_o it_o be_v another_o time_n ordain_v by_o statute_n save_v always_o to_o the_o king_n his_o ancient_a right_n if_o by_o this_o save_v the_o pretend_a right_n of_o impose_v shall_v be_v except_v as_o be_v say_v in_o the_o exchequer_n the_o save_a shall_v then_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o act_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v some_o other_o interpretation_n that_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o act_n and_o not_o condemn_v the_o law_n maker_n of_o so_o much_o want_n of_o discretion_n therefore_o doubtless_o this_o save_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o exception_n of_o the_o ancient_a right_n full_a custom_n due_a upon_o those_o staple_n commodity_n and_o for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o statute_n be_v make_v not_o so_o much_o to_o take_v away_o any_o imposition_n lay_v by_o this_o king_n r._n 2._o as_o out_o of_o a_o provident_a and_o prudent_a care_n in_o the_o law_n maker_n proceed_v from_o the_o fresh_a memory_n of_o the_o practice_n of_o ed._n 3._o in_o this_o kind_n for_o all_o those_o that_o be_v of_o this_o parliament_n do_v live_v and_o be_v at_o man_n age_n in_o ed._n 3._o time_n and_o can_v not_o but_o well_o remember_v the_o grievousnes_n of_o his_o imposition_n beside_o i_o observe_v that_o they_o desire_v that_o no_o imposition_n be_v lay_v by_o way_n of_o addition_n to_o the_o subsidy_n upon_o wool_n and_o leather_n then_o grant_v it_o be_v never_o hear_v till_o of_o late_a that_o a_o imposition_n upon_o any_o merchandise_n be_v charge_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o a_o subsidy_n and_o therefore_o without_o question_n this_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o abundant_a provision_n by_o they_o wherein_o they_o be_v no_o more_o careful_a than_o any_o wise_a man_n will_v be_v in_o the_o like_a case_n when_o they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o free_a will_v give_v the_o king_n a_o liberal_a gift_n they_o be_v careful_a not_o to_o be_v further_o charge_v by_o he_o the_o next_o statute_n in_o these_o time_n where_o imposition_n be_v find_v mention_v be_v 23_o h._n 6._o cap._n 18._o 18._o 23_o h._n 6._o cap._n 18._o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o english_a merchant_n be_v restrain_v from_o repair_v to_o gâ—scoigne_n and_o guien_n to_o buy_v the_o wine_n of_o that_o country_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o suffer_v to_o repair_v thither_o pay_v certain_a new_a imposition_n which_o be_v demand_v of_o they_o upon_o complaint_n hereof_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o all_o english_a merchant_n may_v free_o pass_v into_o those_o part_n and_o buy_v wine_n there_o at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o any_o new_a imposition_n or_o charge_n to_o be_v put_v upon_o they_o for_o that_o such_o imposition_n be_v to_o the_o damage_n of_o merchant_n and_o to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o all_o the_o king_n people_n if_o any_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o king_n officer_n the_o officer_n so_o demand_v they_o shall_v forfeit_v twenty_o pound_n beside_o treble_a damage_n to_o the_o party_n grieve_v that_o these_o imposition_n be_v by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n with_o a_o statute_n which_o restrain_v the_o repair_n of_o english_a merchant_n into_o those_o part_n and_o not_o by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n thereupon_o to_o ground_v a_o imposition_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o statute_n in_o print_n for_o from_o 27_o ed._n 3._o 12._o 27._o e._n 3._o c._n 6._o 38._o ed._n 3._o c._n 10_o &_o 38_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 42_o e._n 3._o cap._n 8._o 43_o e._n 3._o c._n 12._o till_o this_o 23_o h._n 6._o there_o be_v five_o or_o six_o statute_n in_o print_n to_o this_o purpose_n some_o more_o strict_a than_o other_o which_o continue_v in_o force_n till_o 23_o h._n 6._o the_o reason_n of_o the_o restraint_n by_o ed._n 3._o i_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v because_o gascoigne_n and_o guien_n be_v then_o in_o his_o possession_n and_o he_o be_v desirous_a his_o subject_n the_o merchant_n of_o those_o country_n shall_v have_v the_o sole_a profit_n of_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o that_o they_o only_o shall_v import_v they_o into_o england_n and_o not_o the_o merchant_n of_o england_n whatsoever_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o restrain_v be_v it_o be_v very_o clear_a the_o restraint_n be_v by_o statute_n and_o that_o this_o imposition_n raise_v by_o way_n of_o dispensation_n be_v condemn_v which_o nevertheless_o suppose_v it_o have_v not_o be_v control_v yet_o as_o i_o have_v say_v oftentimes_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n so_o far_o differ_v from_o we_o as_o the_o practice_n thereof_o will_v not_o so_o much_o as_o help_v to_o salve_v this_o long_a discontinuance_n the_o next_o mention_n of_o imposition_n be_v find_v 1_o r._n 3._o cap._n 12._o 12._o 1_o r._n 3._o cap._n 12._o the_o word_n be_v the_o subject_n and_o cominalty_n of_o this_o realm_n shall_v not_o from_o henceforth_o be_v charge_v by_o any_o such_o charge_n or_o imposition_n call_v a_o benevolence_n nor_o by_o such_o like_a charge_n you_o perceive_v by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n what_o imposition_n be_v intend_v within_o that_o statute_n the_o next_o mention_n of_o imposition_n in_o these_o time_n i_o find_v to_o be_v 7_o h._n 7._o 7._o 7_o h._n 7._o cap._n 7._o where_o a_o charge_n of_o eightteen_fw-mi shilling_n lay_v upon_o a_o but_o of_o malmesy_n by_o parliament_n be_v call_v a_o imposition_n another_o mention_n of_o imposition_n i_o find_v to_o be_v 12_o h._n 7._o cap._n 6._o 6._o 12_o h_n 7._o cap._n
6._o in_o the_o preamble_n of_o the_o statute_n the_o word_n be_v that_o every_o person_n ought_v to_o use_v himself_o to_o his_o most_o advantage_n without_o exaction_n fine_a imposition_n or_o contribution_n to_o be_v have_v or_o take_v of_o he_o to_z or_o by_o any_o english_a person_n or_o person_n though_o some_o that_o have_v argue_v before_o i_o against_o imposition_n have_v urge_v this_o statute_n as_o make_v against_o our_o present_a imposition_n yet_o for_o my_o part_n i_o be_o not_o of_o that_o opinion_n but_o upon_o peruse_v the_o statute_n do_v rather_o think_v that_o it_o extend_v only_o to_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o merchant_n of_o london_n upon_o the_o merchant_n of_o other_o city_n and_o town_n not_o incorporate_a into_o their_o company_n as_o will_v evident_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n so_o as_o notwithstanding_o this_o statute_n that_o which_o i_o have_v aver_v and_o have_v be_v yield_v to_o by_o the_o king_n counsel_n that_o no_o imposition_n be_v lay_v from_o ed._n 3._o to_o queen_n mary_n reign_n be_v not_o yet_o impeach_v there_o be_v yet_o one_o other_o statute_n of_o late_a time_n in_o which_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o imposition_n and_o that_o be_v 14._o h._n 8._o 4._o 14._o h._n 8._o cap._n 4._o cap._n 4._o the_o word_n be_v every_o subject_a bear_v in_o england_n and_o swear_v to_o be_v subject_n of_o other_o prince_n as_o long_o as_o they_o shall_v so_o abide_v subject_n to_o the_o other_o prince_n shall_v pay_v such_o custom_n subsidy_n toll_n and_o other_o imposition_n within_o this_o realm_n as_o stranger_n do_v i_o hold_v that_o this_o word_n imposition_n in_o this_o place_n be_v use_v as_o a_o general_a to_o all_o the_o particular_n before_o mention_v and_o no_o otherwise_o and_o be_v no_o more_o in_o effect_n then_o charge_n a_o thing_n usual_a in_o statute_n of_o this_o nature_n to_o add_v general_a word_n for_o the_o more_o security_n which_o i_o collect_v by_o the_o word_n other_o go_v next_o before_o it_o for_o to_o what_o end_n shall_v it_o be_v say_v no_o other_z imposition_n if_o those_o particular_n first_o name_v be_v not_o contain_v within_o that_o general_a word_n of_o imposition_n this_o word_n other_o be_v a_o relative_n and_o must_v needs_o be_v answer_v with_o word_n go_v before_o when_o there_o be_v no_o other_o word_n follow_v beside_o it_o be_v common_a in_o the_o statute_n and_o record_n of_o ed._n 3._o no_o imposition_n upon_o wool_n shall_v be_v lay_v but_o in_o parliament_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o a_o charge_v lay_v by_o parliament_n may_v be_v call_v a_o imposition_n which_o be_v very_o evident_a by_o a_o statute_n make_v not_o above_o 28._o year_n before_o this_o i_o mean_v the_o statute_n of_o 7._o h._n 7._o cap._n 7._o 7._o 7_o h_n 7._o 7._o which_o i_o speak_v of_o even_o now_o where_o a_o charge_n of_o eighteen_o shilling_n upon_o a_o butt_n of_o malmsey_n lay_v by_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v call_v a_o imposition_n and_o as_o i_o have_v show_v you_o the_o word_n imposition_n have_v be_v apply_v to_o all_o these_o several_a invention_n use_v by_o ed._n 3._o impost_n the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n maltolt_n and_o imposition_n or_o impost_n for_o the_o charge_v of_o merchandize_n nay_o the_o word_n maltolt_n which_o be_v english_v by_o rastall_a a_o evil_a toll_n as_o indeed_o it_o signify_v and_o in_o that_o respect_n be_v of_o a_o far_o hard_a sense_n than_o the_o word_n imposition_n be_v use_v indifferent_o for_o a_o charge_n set_v by_o parliament_n or_o a_o charge_n set_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a power_n upon_o merchandises_n impositio_fw-la derive_v from_o the_o verb_n imponere_fw-la be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o act_n of_o lay_v on_o or_o impose_v and_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n imposition_n be_v more_o proper_o by_o the_o merchant_n call_v impost_n which_o signify_v the_o thing_n impose_v but_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v any_o further_a to_o enforce_v this_o consider_v it_o have_v so_o liberal_o be_v confess_v by_o the_o king_n counsel_n mary_n no_o imposition_n lay_v from_o ed._n the_o three_o time_n till_o q._n mary_n that_o there_o be_v no_o record_n or_o statute_n from_o ed._n 3._o till_o queen_n mary_n reign_n that_o give_v any_o assurance_n that_o imposition_n or_o so_o much_o as_o any_o one_o imposition_n be_v lay_v during_o all_o that_o space_n of_o above_o 170._o year_n only_o it_o behoove_v i_o for_o further_o open_v the_o truth_n to_o testify_v that_o be_v one_o of_o those_o that_o be_v by_o you_o employ_v to_o make_v search_n in_o the_o ancient_a custom_n book_n of_o those_o time_n remain_v in_o the_o exchequer_n together_o with_o some_o of_o the_o best_a experience_a merchant_n of_o this_o house_n some_o of_o which_o have_v sit_v at_o the_o receipt_n of_o custom_n we_o have_v many_o meeting_n and_o spend_v many_o whole_a day_n in_o turn_v over_o the_o old_a custom_n book_n and_o as_o careful_o as_o we_o can_v do_v survey_v some_o book_n of_o every_o age_n and_o time_n but_o after_o all_o our_o search_n end_v can_v not_o find_v any_o one_o imposition_n from_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 3._o till_o queen_n mary_n reign_n to_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o any_o customer_n or_o collector_n and_o if_o you_o please_v to_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o remember_v to_o you_o the_o passage_n of_o those_o time_n you_o can_v but_o marvel_n that_o none_o of_o all_o those_o prince_n shall_v so_o much_o as_o attempt_v to_o try_v the_o strength_n of_o this_o so_o beneficial_a a_o prerogative_n so_o much_o practise_v by_o ed._n 3._o and_o when_o you_o have_v hear_v their_o occasion_n and_o compare_v their_o other_o action_n not_o what_o great_a occasion_n all_o the_o king_n from_o ed._n 3._o till_o q._n ma._n have_v to_o lay_v imposition_n and_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o with_o their_o forbearance_n in_o this_o kind_n you_o will_v i_o think_v conclude_v and_o say_v in_o your_o heart_n that_o sure_o none_o of_o all_o those_o king_n have_v so_o much_o as_o any_o imagination_n that_o any_o such_o prerogative_n belong_v unto_o they_o as_o to_o raise_v money_n at_o their_o pleasure_n by_o lay_v a_o charge_n upon_o merchandize_n to_o be_v export_v or_o import_v without_o assent_n in_o parliament_n richard_z the_o second_o be_v the_o grandchild_n and_o next_o successor_n of_o ed._n 3._o 2._o rich._n 2._o in_o who_o time_n imposition_n of_o all_o sort_n do_v so_o much_o rage_n have_v little_o less_o occasion_n than_o his_o predecessor_n have_v for_o first_o he_o have_v little_a treasure_n leave_v he_o and_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o in_o his_o throne_n but_o news_n be_v bring_v that_o the_o french_a have_v invade_v the_o realm_n they_o have_v burn_v rye_n and_o hastings_n in_o sussex_n they_o have_v take_v and_o possess_v the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n they_o have_v besiege_v winchelsey_n from_o the_o northern_a part_n that_o the_o scot_n have_v burn_v roxborough_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o overrun_v all_o the_o north_n part_n of_o england_n be_v thus_o beset_v with_o 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custom_n and_o subsidy_n of_o so_o much_o wool_n not_o clothe_v in_o every_o sack_n in_o short_a clothes_n thirty_o five_o shilling_n fourpence_n which_o difference_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o equality_n by_o rate_v upon_o every_o short_a cloth_n ten_o shilling_n after_o this_o declaration_n make_v of_o the_o difference_n and_o of_o the_o rate_n which_o reduce_v both_o to_o a_o equality_n follow_v these_o word_n which_o difference_n consider_v and_o the_o great_a loss_n sustain_v by_o we_o in_o the_o same_o by_o reason_n that_o clothing_n be_v much_o increase_v it_o be_v think_v convenient_a by_o we_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o our_o council_n towards_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o loss_n for_o to_o assess_v upon_o the_o clothes_n carry_v out_o by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n some_o large_a rate_n than_o heretofore_o have_v be_v use_v and_o though_o it_o be_v reason_n to_o appoint_v such_o a_o rate_n as_o may_v recompense_v the_o full_a of_o the_o loss_n sustain_v yet_o upon_o divers_a 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sibi_fw-la de_fw-la maletoltis_n quas_fw-la faciet_fw-la rex_fw-la as_o touch_v the_o word_n toll_n toll_n derivation_n of_o the_o word_n toll_n which_o they_o say_v be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o toll_n for_o passage_n and_o for_o buy_v and_o sell_v in_o fair_n and_o market_n it_o behoove_v i_o to_o say_v something_o of_o the_o derivation_n thereof_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v very_o often_o use_v in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v in_o this_o place_n and_o by_o the_o derivation_n thereof_o the_o natural_a and_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o word_n shall_v be_v best_o understand_v i_o hold_v it_o therefore_o to_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n teolonium_n which_o signify_v custom_n by_o cut_v off_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o word_n and_o retain_v only_o the_o first_o part_n teol_n by_o contraction_n toll_n of_o which_o manner_n of_o derivation_n there_o be_v infinite_a example_n in_o our_o language_n the_o 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place_n malum_fw-la tolnetum_fw-la proper_o signify_v not_o a_o toll_n in_o the_o common_a sense_n but_o a_o unlawful_a charge_n lay_v by_o the_o king_n upon_o merchandize_n as_o a_o increase_n of_o custom_n according_a to_o the_o primitive_a signification_n which_o be_v evident_o prove_v in_o that_o it_o be_v here_o oppose_v to_o old_a and_o rightful_a custom_n sine_fw-la omnibus_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-gr per_fw-la certas_fw-la &_o antiquas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la wherefore_o it_o ought_v so_o to_o have_v be_v translate_v for_o so_o it_o signify_v without_o imposition_n by_o the_o old_a and_o rightful_a custom_n this_o exposition_n and_o translation_n be_v further_o warrant_v by_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n maletolt_n so_o often_o find_v in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n &_o record_n which_o without_o scruple_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o latin_a malum_fw-la tolnetum_n the_o very_a word_n of_o our_o statute_n i_o find_v it_o diverse_o write_v maletout_a maletolt_n maletot_n and_o sometime_o maletent_a but_o i_o never_o find_v it_o any_o where_o use_v in_o any_o other_o sense_n then_o for_o a_o imposition_n by_o way_n of_o increase_n of_o custom_n upon_o merchandize_n sometime_o indeed_o but_o that_o very_o rare_o it_o be_v take_v in_o the_o best_a sense_n for_o lawful_a and_o rightful_a custom_n as_o the_o word_n imposition_n sometime_o be_v but_o then_o common_o it_o be_v accompany_v with_o another_o word_n to_o free_v it_o from_o the_o worst_a sense_n as_o droiturel_fw-fr maletout_fw-fr etc._n etc._n that_o malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-gr be_v in_o this_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v translate_v imposition_n may_v be_v far_o prove_v by_o that_o which_o i_o find_v in_o a_o writer_n of_o the_o french_a history_n one_o jean_n serres_n who_o say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n le_fw-fr beau_n king_n of_o france_n which_o be_v about_o the_o time_n of_o ed._n 3._o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v rebellion_n in_o france_n because_o of_o imposition_n lay_v by_o the_o k._n which_o in_o those_o day_n they_o do_v say_v he_o call_v maletouts_o the_o very_a word_n then_o ancient_o use_v in_o engl._n for_o imposition_n as_o may_v plentiful_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n and_o record_n of_o h._n 3._o ed._n 1._o ed._n 2._o &_o ed._n 3._o imposition_n the_o word_n imposition_n for_o the_o word_n imposition_n be_v not_o use_v in_o any_o french_a record_n statute_n or_o other_o for_o aught_o i_o have_v see_v till_o ed._n 3._o i_o find_v it_o once_o use_v in_o latin_a 12._o ed._n 3._o in_o the_o letter_n which_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o write_v to_o the_o archbishop_n to_o excuse_v he_o to_o the_o people_n for_o lay_v imposition_n and_o as_o all_o that_o letter_n throughout_o be_v of_o a_o eloquent_a stile_n so_o as_o it_o seem_v he_o be_v careful_a to_o avoid_v also_o that_o barbarous_a word_n malum_fw-la tolnetum_fw-la though_o common_a and_o familiar_a and_o in_o stead_n thereof_o to_o use_v the_o pure_a latin_a word_n impositio_fw-la silvius_n write_v upon_o tully_n oration_n for_o marcus_n fonteius_n where_o these_o word_n be_v use_v by_o tully_n imposuit_fw-la vectigal_a say_v ita_fw-la usitatum_fw-la vulgo_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la vectigalia_fw-la nova_fw-la appellent_fw-la impositiones_fw-la the_o word_n vectigal_n in_o this_o place_n though_o in_o a_o general_a sense_n it_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o any_o revenue_n whatsoever_o yet_o with_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o excellence_n common_o use_v for_o custom_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o calvin_n in_o his_o lexicon_n vectigal_n quod_fw-la fisco_fw-la vel_fw-la reipubl_n portorii_fw-la nomine_fw-la pendintur_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la mercibus_fw-la quae_fw-la invehuntur_fw-la vel_fw-la evehuntur_fw-la sometime_o they_o use_v to_o join_v with_o it_o for_o a_o more_o clear_a distinction_n the_o word_n portorium_n as_o a_o man_n will_v say_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n agreeable_a with_o which_o upon_o some_o record_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n i_o have_v find_v it_o to_o be_v call_v exitus_fw-la portuum_fw-la by_o this_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o impositio_fw-la in_o pure_a latin_a and_o imposition_n in_o english_a be_v the_o same_o with_o maletolt_n in_o french_a and_o malum_fw-la tolnetum_fw-la in_o our_o law_n latin_a and_o they_o do_v all_o signify_v a_o new_a increase_n of_o custom_n and_o not_o any_o thing_n else_o wherefore_o i_o conclude_v that_o these_o word_n sine_fw-la malis_fw-la tolnetis_fw-gr in_o our_o present_a statute_n be_v natural_o and_o proper_o to_o be_v expound_v and_o understand_v of_o imposition_n and_o so_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v translate_v and_o not_o as_o they_o be_v and_o although_o the_o word_n imposition_n itself_o as_o also_o the_o word_n maletout_a and_o malum_fw-la tolnetum_fw-la may_v be_v as_o i_o have_v confess_v take_v as_o well_o for_o a_o new_a increase_n of_o custom_n by_o a_o lawful_a mean_n viz._n by_o assent_n in_o parliament_n as_o for_o a_o increase_n 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call_v custom_n this_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o pipe_n roll_n
of_o 52._o hen._n 3._o this_o title_n consuetudo_fw-la mercandizorum_n and_o by_o divers_a other_o record_n of_o hen._n 3._o time_n the_o roll_n and_o record_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o ed._n 1_o do_v likewise_o prove_v the_o same_o very_o evident_o insomuch_o that_o not_o only_o that_o which_o in_o this_o kind_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o by_o ancient_a prescription_n be_v call_v consuetudo_fw-la but_o in_o late_a time_n if_o any_o increase_n be_v of_o that_o duty_n though_o it_o come_v not_o by_o prescription_n but_o by_o grant_n in_o parliament_n or_o otherwise_o yet_o it_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n consuetudo_fw-la which_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n come_v to_o be_v the_o proper_a name_n to_o that_o kind_n of_o duty_n howsoever_o it_o begin_v and_o therefore_o in_o 3._o ed._n 1._o you_o shall_v find_v that_o after_o the_o old_a custom_n of_o wool_n be_v increase_v to_o a_o demy-marke_a by_o act_n of_o parliament_n yet_o the_o word_n consuetudo_fw-la be_v nevertheless_o still_o retain_v but_o with_o a_o addition_n for_o it_o be_v then_o call_v nova_fw-la consuetudo_fw-la nay_o though_o the_o increase_n be_v by_o the_o king_n absolute_a authority_n and_o upon_o the_o matter_n a_o mere_a imposition_n yet_o the_o king_n in_o his_o commission_n do_v always_o call_v it_o consuetudo_fw-la as_o in_o 16._o ed._n 1._o the_o imposition_n of_o four_o shilling_n upon_o a_o tun_n of_o wine_n be_v in_o the_o king_n commission_n to_o collect_v it_o call_v consuetudo_fw-la nevertheless_o i_o assure_v myself_o the_o people_n call_v it_o by_o some_o worse_a name_n as_o maletolt_v or_o the_o like_a the_o several_a application_n of_o this_o word_n consuetudo_fw-la to_o all_o duty_n whatsoever_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o reason_n of_o trade_n be_v the_o reason_n as_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o word_n be_v use_v in_o the_o plural_a number_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la per_fw-la antiquas_fw-la &_o 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