for Ecclesiastical Rule Authority and Jurisdiction over one another all Affectation Claim and Exercise of Imperial Power over one another for they were all equal in Office Brethren in the Ministry Fellow-Apostles no one was Pope and Monarch over the rest neither might be 11. If Bishops were Spiritual Lords in respect of inward spiritual Worth and Goodness then they would be Spiritual Lords while they are but Presbyters and before they are made Bishops For first they are Presbyters which the Advocates for Prelacy suppose to be an Order or Degree in the Ministry inferiour to a Bishop Now it is plain that what inward spiritual Worth and Goodness is in the new-made Bishop it was in him before he was Bishop even whilst he was a Presbyter But no one did repute him a Spiritual Lord while he was but a Presbyter though he was a good and worthy Man His assuming of the Episcopal Office adds no inward spiritual Worth and Goodness to his Soul it being but a thing common to worthy and unworthy Men. Mr. Prideaux in his Introduction for reading all sorts of Histories pag. 67. divides the Bishops of Rome into seven Ranks 32 good Bishops 33 tolerable Archbishops or Patriarchs 38 usurping Nimrods 40 luxurious Sodomites 40 Egyptian Magicians 41 devouring Abaddons and 20 incurable Babylonians 12. It is then plain that Lord-Bishops are so by Humane Law and not by Divine Law they are made by Man and not by God their Office Power and Authority as they are Lord-Bishops is Humane and not Divine I say not that it is unlawful but that it is not Divine many things are lawful which yet are not Divine as the Offices of Constables Head-Constables Sheriffs Mayors Lord-Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal are all lawful and yet they are not Divine and Evangelical but Humane and Civil 13. Lord-Bishops being but Civil and Temporal Lords of Man's making their Courts cannot be Spiritual Courts but only Civil and Temporal By Permission of the King and Parliament they hold their Courts not expresly in the King's Name but in their own Name Yet are they nevertheless but Civil and Temporal Courts deriving their Authority from and dependent on the King and Parliament which under God are the highest Judicature in this Nation from whom there lies no Appeal save to God But there lies an Appeal from the highest Ecclesiastical Court in the Nation to the King and Parliament The contrary Doctrine brings in foreign Jurisdiction and sets up the Papacy and is destructive both of Church and State 14. Many of the Nobility and Gentry of England and others of the Laity hold Courts not expresly in the King's Name but in their own Name And yet no one doubts but that they are Civil and Temporal Courts derived from and dependent on the Crown and there lies an Appeal from them to a superiour Civil Court 15. True it is that in the first Ages of the Church after Christ's Ascension the Holy Ghost by Paul reproves the Christians at Corinth for going to Law with one another before the Heathen Judges about worldly and secular Matters there being then no Christian Magistracy I speak to your Shame Is it so that there is not a wise Man amongst you 1 Cor. 6 5â— no not one that shall be able to judg between his Brethren Upon which it is like the Christians from thenceforth did desist from going to Law with one another before the Heathen Judges about small Matters pertaining to this Life and chose some judicious and understanding Christian as an Umpire or Arbitrator for the ending and deciding of their litigious Causes about worldly Matters which continuing for some hundreds of Years unto the Reign of Constantine the first Christian Emperor it is very likely that he by his Imperial Sanction confirmed the aforesaid Apostolical Decree and the Way of the Primitive Churches ending and deciding their Suits about secular Matters pursuant to and grounded on the same and did enlarge and add to it and so made it an Ecclesiastical Court and called it the Bishops Court and the Judg thereof the Bishops Chancellor or the Chancellor of the Ecclesiastical Court But before this Sanction by the Emperor it was no Ecclesiastical Court neither had it any Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction it was only a prudential Institution without all external Jurisdiction 16. The King of England is by God's Grace a Christian King Being so he must needs be a Christian and as such he is a Member of God's Church in England in common with all other Christian People therein and he is no more he is not Head thereof for only Christ is Head of God's Church in England like as he is sole Head of the whole Church on Earth it being a Contradiction to be sole Head of the whole and not of every Part. Considered as a King so he hath no more Power and Jurisdiction over the Church and its Causes than he would have if he were a Heathen King his being a Christian doth not inlarge and add to his Regal Power but only qualify him supposing him truly godly with Grace and spiritual Wisdom to use his Regal Power aright for God which a Heathen King cannot 17. The King is sole Supream under God and Christ the Mediator over all the Souls in the Nation as to coercive Rule by the Sword yet is he limited by fundamental Laws whereby the Rights of Prince and People mutually consist and which he is bound inviolably to observe But all his Power is only Civil and Temporal and not Spiritual and therefore he can grant no Spiritual Jurisdiction he can create no Spiritual Office For no Effect can exced its Cause neither can the Streams differ in kind from the Water in the Fountain 18. The King and Parliament will meekly and reverently hear a common Presbyter or Minister preach the Gospel and be awed by the Word in his Mouth as the Word of God and not the Word of Man though Man be the Preacher and they will reverently own and submit to Baptism and the Lord's Supper dispensed by him as Divine and not Humane Institutions Convincing Evidence will go along with the Preacher's Word being scriptural sound good and faithful whereby it will evidence it self to be Divine and from above to all such as believe it will to them be the Savour of Life unto Life and the rest who do not believe yet will stand condemned by it and it may be with Felix tremble under it as being through their own Sin the Savour of Death unto Death to them Here it is plain Jesus Christ as sole Lord of the Conscience doth by the Ministry of a weak Man a coâ—â—â—â— Presbyter exercise Spiritual Lordship and Jurisdiction over the King and all the Lords and Commons inwardly in each one's Bosom over such as are good willingly and in Love over such as are wicked against their Will for if wicked ones might have their Will they would all be above God and lord over him at
if you suppose him to have external supreme Jurisdiction you make him a meer Man a worldly Monarch the same for Kind with Cesar and then he is not the true Messias Not subordinate for if you suppose him to have external subordinate Jurisdiction so also you make him a meer Man a worldly Deputy and Lieutenant the same for Kind with Pilate having all his Power from Cesar and then he is not true Christ 5. The Apostles of Christ renounced all manner of external Jurisdiction as well knowing that the Disciple is not above his Master nor the Servant above his Lord Mat. 10.24 Christ as Man in his State of Humiliation having no external Jurisdiction he could communicate none to his Apostles After his Resurrection he says to them As my Father hath sent me even so send I you John 20.21 Now the Father sent Christ as Man in his State of Humiliation compleatly furnished with spiritual Wisdom Grace Holiness Power Authority and Ability for the Work of the Ministry but without all external Jurisdiction it no way suting with his Person and Office The Apostles contented themselves with Ministerial Authority as Stewards of the Mysteries of God without all external Jurisdiction Not for that we have Dominion over your Eaith 2 Cor. 1.24 They had no Dominion over the Faith and Consciences of God's People neither over their Bodies nor over their Souls and therefore no external Jurisdiction 6. Hence the Apostle Paul in a Point of Controversy between him and the Jews touching the Way of Religion who prosecuted him before one of the Roman Lieutenants in Judea justly appealed to Cesar as under God sole Supream over Paul and his Accusers and the whole Roman Empire as to external Jurisdiction Acts 25.11 7. King Solomon did rightly in deposing the High-Priest Abiathar for his Crimes and setting Zadok a worthy Man in his room 1 Kings 2.26 27 35. Which had not been justifiable if Abiathar had had supreme and independent Power and Jurisdiction for par in parem non habet potest at em one supreme and independent Power can have no Authority over another equally supreme and independent 8. Church and State are truly distinct but they are not two independent and sovereign Powers For the Church is the Body of Christ wholly dependent on him as to inward spiritual Power and Jurisdiction and wholly dependent on the State as to external Power and Jurisdiction Whilst she keeps her self thus humble lowly and dependent she is glorious in the sight of God the Gates of Hell cannot prevail against her she is safe and quiet from fear of Evil. But when once she affects to be independent and assimes to her self sovereign Power over Mens Souls and Consciences inwardly and in ordine ad spiritualia over Mens Bodies Estates and Civil Liberties outwardly she becomes Papal and Antichristian the Synagogue of Satan and not the Church of God 9. We read of an Assembly and Consultation of the Apostles and Presbyters and Brethren at Jerusalem about Circumcision Acts 15. and of Decrees ordained by the Apostles and Presbyters there Acts 16.4 But we read of no external Jurisdiction exercised in this Assembly here was no President but Christ no Moderator but the Holy Ghost Here was Order Decency Ministerial Authority Wisdom Holiness the Presence of Christ exercising inward spiritual Jurisdiction in the Souls of the Apostles themselves and the rest of the Assembly and awing their Consciences inwardly with his Fear but external Jurisdiction there was not any If indeed Cesar had presided in Person as once Constantine did in the Council of Nice or if he had deputed some Agent or Lieutenant to preside in his Name and Stead and to give Imperial Sanction to the Decrees then there would have been external Jurisdiction exercised but there being no such Sanction there could be no external Jurisdiction it was an orderly Assembly wherein Christ was graciously present by the invisible Operation of his Word and Spirit but no Juridical Court. 10. Mr. Gillespy an eminent Asserter of the Presbyterian Way in Scotland in his Aaron's Rod Book 2. chap. 6. in the Contents of the Chapter confesseth That if Princes and Magistrates be the Officers of Jesus Christ the Mediator it will do much in the Decision of the Erastian Controversy Now it is certain de fide that they are For all Power in Heaven and on Earth is given unto Christ our Mediator Eph. 1.20 21 22 23. Mat. 28.18 Phil. 2.8 9 10. and his Kingdom ruleth over all the Angels and over all Earthly Princes and Magistrates and all other Men on Earth for the good of Militant Saints and in order to the carrying on the great Work of Redemption by Faith in the Souls of Sinners 11. Jus divinū regiminis Ecclesiastici p. 43. Mr. Jeanes of the Fulness of Christ p. 43. Tho Heathen Princes and Magistrates by the bare Light of Nature cannot know Jesus Christ our Mediator yet they are bound to know God and to glorify him as God to be just and to rule in the Fear of God to be godly themselves and all that in them lies to promote Godliness in their Dominions and Jurisdictions to protect the Good and be a Terror to the Wicked parcere subjectis debellare superbos Now in these things consisteth the Kingdom of Christ our Mediator 12. Tho the Church on Earth can subsist without a Christian Magistracy as it hath done many a time yet it cannot in an ordinary way subsist without a Magistracy for without Magistracy Humane Society cannot subsist there will be no Order no Government no Restraint of Sin Mankind will not be a Society but a Rout of lawless belluine and ungoverned Men. No Society no Ecclesiastical Society and consequently no Church Therefore Jesus Christ our Mediator and God in and by him is the Author of Magistracy as a thing very useful for the Good of Mankind in general and of the Church Militant in special And therefore those do greatly mistake who hold that Magistracy is but an Accident to the Church quod potest adesse vel abesse absque subjectinteritu 13. The Gospel may be taken two ways strictly and largely Taken strictly so it means God's Gift of Christ and Life eternal in him to all the Elect through Faith and thus Princes and Magistrates have not their Authority by the Gospel Considered largely so it comprizeth the Principles Rules and Maxims of Natural Religion common to us and Heathens and whatsoever is useful to Humane Society and to the uphold of Order Godliness and true Religion among Men and thus Princes and Magistrates have their whole Office and Authority by the Gospel 14. Tho under Christ our Mediator the Prince hath Imperial Independent and Supreme Power over all in his Dominions as to coercive Rule by the Sword yet still he is under Christ the Mediator and accountable to him who is King of Kings and Lord of Lords and at the great Day will sit in Judgment
upon all the Princes and Potentates of the Earth and the Good he will adjudg unto everlasting Joy and the Wicked unto everlasting Fire 15. Dr. Parker afterward Bishop of Oxford in his Book of Religion and Loyalty par 1. p. 28. says It is but a crude Expression not to call it profane because it is so common by customary Mistake to affirm that Kings are Supreme Governours under Christ They are and ever were so under God but so as to be superiour to Christ as Christ is Head of his Church within their Dominions for as Head of his Church he ever owned himself subject to the Temporal Powers There are others * Mr. Buâ—rough's Irenicum p. 21. Mr Peâ—â—â—… Reformed Catholicâ— in the 〈◊〉 concerning Supremacâ— who hold the Kingdom of Christ to be twofold one as he is God and another as he is Mediator These are great Errors 16. As Christ is but one Person the Word made Flesh one Immanuel in whom dwelleth all the Fulness of the Godhead bodily so the Kingdom of Christ is but one ruling over the whole World in general for the Good of Militant Saints in special And tho Christ as Man in the Days of his Flesh and in his State of Humiliation owned himself subject to the Temporal Powers yet as now he is and since his Ascension hath been in his State of Exaltation at God's right Hand in Glory he is hath been and ever will be Superiour to all Temporal Powers It is Christ purposed to be Mediator who raised up Moses Joshua David Cyrus Alexander the Great and the rest of Kings and Princes under the Old Testament and was the Author of Magistracy then and it is the same Christ who being Mediator according to his eternal Purpose raised up Vespasian Titus Trajan Constantine Charles the Great Q. Elizabeth and the rest of Kings and Princes since his Ascension and who is the Author of Magistracy under the New Testament Tho the Mediator be Man yet not a mere and bare Man but that Man in whom dwelleth all the Fulness of the Godhead bodily Col. 2.9 And he only is Mediator 17. Bp Andrews holds but one Place wherein external Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction is founded and that is Mat. 18.17 Tell it unto the Church but if he neglect to hear the Church let him be unto thee as an Heathen Man By these Words he supposeth the major Excommunication appointed of Christ â—ortura â—orti p. 41 De exteriore foro ibi agitur exterioris fori jurisdictio illo nec alio loco fundata est there Christ treats of the exteriour Court the Jurisdiction of the exteriour Court is founded in that Place and no other 18. CertuÌ„ hoc â—uidem in â—heologia receptuÌ„ 〈◊〉 omniâ—â—s Non 〈◊〉 venisse â—hristum 〈◊〉 qui jam â—…te adâ—…ntum suâ—â—… crat â—â—…do vel â—â—…turae vel â—…olitiae euÌ„â—el inverâ—…et vel â—…erteret 〈…〉 â—ictuÌ„ maâ—â—… reddeâ—â—… Id. ib. p. 43. But herein Bp Andrews contradicts himself and the unanimous Judgment of all sound Divines who hold it for a sure Axiom that the Gospel doth not make void but establish Civil Order and Government founded in Nature and Natural Religion common to us and Heathens Christ came not to alter unhinge and overthrow the mutual Ties and Offices of Husband and Wife Parents and Children Master and Servant Prince and People but rather by his Example and the Effusion of his Grace upon his Disciples and Followers to render them more sacred and inviolable But how can this consist with his supposed Institution of a new exteriour Court and a new exteriour Jurisdiction in the Church superiour to and not dependent upon the State For such a new exteriour Court Supremacy and Jurisdiction is plainly Papal inconsistent with and repugnant to the supream Authority of Kings and Princes and Sovereign Civil Rulers in their several Territories and Dominions 19. And therefore it is evident that in these Words Tell it unto the Church but if he neglect to hear the Church let him be unto thee as an Heathen Man Christ instituted no exteriour Court no exteriour Jurisdiction in the Church But this is one of those Divine Rules which concern the inward Court of the Heart and the Jurisdiction of Christ there for this and the like holy Rules and Laws he doth by supernatural Grace write in the Hearts of God's Elect who are his Church the Mystical Body of Christ and thereby doth teach and enable them to shun the Society of obstinate and unreformable and incorrigible Sinners and to put a due difference between the Precious and the Vile Penitent and Impenitent ones to use their best endeavour privately and publickly to draw a scandalous Brother to Repentance and holy Amendment and if after all he will not be amended to leave him to God So that this whole Precept concerns the Conscience and inward Man and the sovereign Jurisdiction of Christ over the Heart inwardly and doth not at all concern external Jurisdiction nor give any colour for the founding of a new external Tribunal and external Jurisdiction in the Church superiour to Civil Supremacy and the Authority of sovereign Princes no such Thought could come into Christ's Heart 20. Finally all Jurisdiction is necessarily either spiritual and internal or temporal and external Spiritual and internal Jurisdiction is the absolute Prerogative of Christ and of God in and by him and is not communicable to any meer Creature Tho Christ make great use of Bishops Pastors and Ministers in his Church yet he himself is sole Head of it and sole Lord and King of the Conscience and inward Man He dwells in the Hearts of his People by Faith and all both Angels and Men owe absolute Subjection to him and to his supreme Jurisdiction for the everlasting Good of Militant Saints Temporal and external Jurisdiction is communicated by Christ to such in each Nation as bear the Sword and are supreme Governours under him and so what external Jurisdiction is regularly exercised by any in the Church is not from Christ but from the State and therefore the Jurisdiction of all the Ecclesiastical Courts in England is not by Divine but Humane Law dependent on the King and Parliament And all Protestant Divines agree that Jesus Christ the Mediator is Author of Magistracy but many of them I confess hold that he is not so as he is Mediator but as he is God Do but set aside this one very little word as and we are all agreed against Arians Socinians and all other Impugners of Christ's Deity and supreme Authority The Bishops are not Spiritual but Civil and Temporal Lords and their Courts accordingly Civil and Temporal Courts 1. THat they are Civil and Temporal Lords is evident for that they are made Lords by the King and State as truly as the Temporal Lords those I mean who really are so and are so called But no earthly King or State can make a Spiritual Lord none but God and the Lord Jesus