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A26203 Englands common-wealth shewing the liberties of the people, the priviledges of Parliament, and the rights of souldiery : with epistles to the persons mentioned ... / written by John Audley ... Audley, John, Preacher of the Gospel. 1652 (1652) Wing A4202; ESTC R1402 34,551 48

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first Samuel chose Saul King then the people and Benaiah Nathan and Zadok first chose Salomon King the generality of the people freely suffering the choyse afterwards the rest of the people came in approved the choyse and renewed the Kingdome 1 Sam. 11 12. But the people of Israel gave not their approbation of their Kings chosen by the better sort untill the persons chosen had given them some singular proofe of their valour as Saul did or of their wisdome as Solomon did when Nahash the Ammonite was destroyed and the City of Jabesh Gilead delivered by the hand of Saul then the people cried Who is he that said Saul shall not reigne over us bring the men that we may slay them and all the people went with Samuel to Gilgal and there they made Saul King 1 Sam. 11. 14 15. Likewise when Salomon had given Judgement between the two women both claiming the living childe they feared the King for they saw the wisdome of God was in him to doe Justice So Salomon was King over all Israel 1 King 3. 28. 4. 1. Thus here in England when the Peoples Trustees by Counsels in Parliament had often delivered this Common-wealth from their enemies hand and had from among their Brethren of the same Nation and Religion set up Keepers of the Liberties of the people by Authority of Parliament approving the choyse made have liberally laid out their persons and estates for the safety of their Rulers and of themselves People may not chuse new Governours without a cause Governours being chosen the power lyeth in them effectually provided they rule well and their people may not chuse new Governours without the consent or death of the old or without the Male administration of Justice in the old Rulers for in case the old Governours chosen continue to rule well the people may not force their consent but it must be a Free Act of the good Rulers to desire the people to chuse a New else if the people causelesly reject well ruling Governours they reject the Lord that he should not rule over them 1 Sam. 8. 6 7 8. The people may not without imputation of Treason cry What portion have we in David while David liveth and ruleth well nor have they at such a time any cause to follow a rebellious and flattering Absalom to doe them Justice Indeed on just reason declared Governours may remit their power to the people that chose them and people thus re-impowred may with the same Liberty set up other Governours over themselves as Nathan Zadok and Benaiah made choyse of Salomon for King when David grew old sick Bed-rid unserviceable and bad them make Salomon King 1 King 1. 33 34 35. otherwise the people may not change without a cause and the Governour or Governours are to use his or their power for the Common good that they give no just occasion to dis-engage the people and to make them change The occasion of chusing Governours The occasion of people's chusing Governours was the Countries danger and the end of that choyse was the peoples safety which Samuel implyed when he faulted the Israelites for desiring a King so unseasonably at a time when they dwelled safely and were delivered from their enemies on every side 1 Sam. 12. 11. Indeed Israel were without Rulers sometimes when all things were in peace and every man went to his owne inheritance Judg. 21. 25. but when Famine appeared or when War approached then they chose them Governours to feed them Esa. 3. 5. 8. or to judge them and to fight their Battels 1 Sam. 8. 20. when Judges ruled Ruth 1. 1. Elders Kings or Captaines and the Governours chosen performing the peoples trust did thereby oblige the people to stand by their Trustees and some by the Word preached for them some by the Sword fought for them some by their Pen wrote for them and some with heart and tongue prayed for them accordingly Againe when Kings and Rulers did faile their trust reposed in them they dissolved the bands of the peoples Allegiance towards them and the people failing of performing their fealty to such Trust-breakers were spared by Gods appointment Thus when the ten Tribes fell from King Rehoboam for his roughnesse towards them and the people set up Jeroboam for their King Judah was from God by the Prophet forbid to fight against them for the thing was of the Lord 1 King 12. 16. 20. 24. Thus the old Romans cast off Tarquin and all Kingly Government for the pride and cruelty of that King and for the unchastity of his lecherous Sons and chose them Consuls who might better consult and provide for the Countries good Also it is said of Brutus who was one of their Consuls That he scourged and beheaded his owne Sons for attempting to bring in Kings againe Florus lib. 1. cap. 9. Just Governours to be upheld by the people To the Free People of England Epist. DEare Fellow Commoners it hath been declared already that the best way to settle the Common-wealth in a firme and lasting peace is to looke backe to rules of equity and justice to principles of Nature and right-Reason to Gods Law and good Conscience and every one of you must contribute your utmost hereunto That power lyeth in you and there is now recovered your right to use it Your Liberties have been redeemed to you at a deare rate and with great expence of Bloud and of Treasure maintaine it then as Free-men and use your Liberty not against your selves but for your selves Cease mourning for Saul the King and his Traines the Body is not destroyed by removing bad humours let your hearts be towards the Governours of England who have willingly offered themselves among the people and to their Servants who have jeoparded their lives for your sakes I meane to the Commons in Parliament the Councell of State and their Armies who have not designed upon you for their owne worldly advantage but have scoped at your welfare who by no sensible feares have suffered themselves to be perverted from impartiall Justice but have bound up your safety and theirs in one With what reason should they receive the benefits of Law who deny obedience to the Law What priviledge can a proprietary possesse by Law of the Land who denies to doe that which even the Law of Nature calls for of him The non-engaging does not strip him of his priviledge of the Law but the standing by himselfe without Law who engages not brings him into danger and certainly he deserves no advantage by a Garrison who refuses to help in time of a Siedge And having performed their trust they have declared themselves willing to lay downe their power not Lording it over you but leaving the power free to you for chusing a new Representative and being set free chuse for your selves for yee need Counsellours but Nunquam consilium suit in populo nunquam certa constans vitae ratio and where no counsell is the
came short of the practick part of the Law Thou that teachest the Law through breaking the Law dishonourest thou God Rom. 2. 21 22 23. And men being lovers of themselves reproved not themselves when they transgress'd the Law God therefore stirr'd up other men and creatures to avenge the quarrell of his Covenant upon the Lawlesse Thus it 's said God made the wicked for the day of wrath Prov. 16. 4. That is to execute wrath upon them that doe evill For instance when men worshipped the Creature more then the Creator and in the place of God set up a Golden Calfe to worship it Then Moses cried out Who is on my side let him come to me put every man his sword on his side and slay every man his brother and every man his companion and every man his neighbour and the children of Levi did so and there fell of the people that day three thousand men Exod. 32. 26 27 28. All this was for the peoples sinne against the Law of Nature and of God and this was done when yet the state of the Israelites had not formerly enacted a Law to punish that fact thus Lawes of Nations are by occasion supplied out of the Law of Nature and of God according to the wisdome of that State under which men live as it is said By men of understanding and knowledge a Land is preserved Prov. 28. 2. Divers kindes of Freedome of Nature of Grace and of Glory 1. In the Creation it was the Liberty of all Creatures to serve God and man made after the similitude of God for God set man over the workes of his owne hands Gen. 1. 27 28. Psal. 8. 6. This freedome of perfect Nature man soone lost by sinne and there-through became a Bond-man to God till Christ came to deliver him in this bondage of man Omnes affines sceleris yea all Creatures partooke and are made subject to vanity not willingly but by reason of him who hath subjected the same in hope Rom. 8. 20. 2. Againe in the restitution of all things there will be a glorious Liberty of the Sons of God when the Creature it selfe shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into that Liberty and the expectation of the Creature waiteth for the manifestation of the Sons of God in that glorious liberty Rom. 8. 19 23. and if this be not the day there will come a time when the Sons of God shall be gloriously made knowne and then all Creatures shall freely serve them they shall not groane to doe it and That Nation and Kingdome which will not serve them shall perish and be utterly wasted Esa. 60. 12. 3. Also man hath a Freedome by Grace and this begins in Christ for Christ having redeemed us to himselfe of Bondmen and made us Free-men in Christ we here live to recover our selves to become Free-men through Christ free indeed which Freedome all they obtaine who by the Spirit are joyned to Christ by faith and repentance See 1 Cor. 6. 17. John 8. 36. This freedome of Grace is to repaire the ruines of nature and to perfect nature into a glorious liberty which shall be outwardly manifest in the Sonnes of God The Kings daughter is all glorious within even here Psal. 45. 13. but for outward glory It does not yet appeare what we shall be 1 Joh. 3. 2. And as for outward liberty in this worke Our Kingdome is not from hence as Christ said of his Joh. 18. 36. we affect not Lordship over one another that government Christ forbad his Disciples to use Matth. 20. 25. howbeit we looke for a liberty to serve God and to lead quiet and peaceable lives in all godlinesse and honesty 1 Tim. 2. 1. for this liberty we pray God and doe provide against such persons as kill the Prophets and chase Christian men and women {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} who please themselves and are contrary to all men 1 Thes. 2. 15. that none may harme us for well doing and that they that doe well may have praise of the same that well-doers may not suffer wrongfully and that by Law that men may not condemne innocent bloud Psal. 94. 20. This is all the Liberty we contend for now till we be delivered into the glorious Liberty hereafter Indeed holy men must follow peace with all men but if we can have peace yet we must preferre holinesse to peace for without holinesse no man shall see the Lord Heb. 12. 14. Holinesse is our Birth-right It is holinesse that gives us hope towards God and being borne of God we may not prophanely sell our holinesse with God for peace with men if Abraham will have in his house an holy peace he must cast out the Bond-woman and her sonne both though it seemed grievous in his eyes Gen. 21. 11. our sufferings here for Christ shall end in the glorious liberty of the Sons of God wherefore take forth the precious from the vile O holy men let them returne to thee but returne not thou to them Jer. 15. 19. men that will not bow to the golden Scepter of Gods mercy to doe well shall be bruised with the Iron rod of Gods Justice for their ill doing Psal. 2. Divers formes of good Government There were Kings of Nations Gen. 14. 1. but there were in Israel divers other Rulers before any King was among them Moses a deliverer of Israel out of Aegypt after that seventy Elders to beare part of the Burden with him and they judged the people then Joshua their Captain-Generall who sought their Battels for them after him Elders who were raised up of God but accepted of the people to rule in Israel to guide their Counsels and to fight their Battels as Joshua had done untill the times of Saul and David and these two persons God did chuse and the people did approve them their Kings after David the well-affected Israelites chose Salomon their King all these Governments Aristocraticall Democraticall and Monarchicall were allowed of God for the peace of them that doe well and the people lived orderly under them all and enjoyed much peace and if people lived under other Rulers peaceably while they did well afore Kings were in Israel why should not men in well doing live quietly in England now governed without a King where trusty men in Parliament have resolved the government of this Common-wealth into another forme a Government of States formerly blessed be God a mixed Government equally maintaining the peoples Liberties and the Rulers safety their Rulers doing the people Justice and the people doing their Rulers honour Power in the People to chuse their Governours The power to chuse or approve their owne Governours lyes in the people fundamentally and after the peoples choyse made the power of ruling lyeth supreamely and formally in the Governours themselves People well-affected to God and well doing have the liberty of making this choyse primarily and secondarily all the people of that Common-wealth at