it belongs to the Church as it is proved Acts 1.23 24 c. 16.22 And witnessed by Cyprian in his Epistles Book 1. Epist 4. But we say that the calling to a certain place those that are ordained is of the Church II. This Right of the Church doth consist in this that the Church hath power to chuse her Rulers from within her self this is evident in the case of Deacons Acts 6. The Twelve called the Multitude and said to them look ye out amongst you seven men of honest report So it is in the case of Elders which Paul and Barnabas did ordain not without the votes of the people Acts 14.23 And indeed since the fundamental right of Government dothly in the whole Congregation it must be their Prerogative to elect whom they think fit for the Administration of it It is an Article of the Waldences written 500 years ago that amongst other Priviledges which Christ hath granted to his Church this is one they must chuse their Rulers from among themselves yet alwayes provided they chuse them according to the will of Christ revealed in his word and if it be according to his appointment he will fit them with gifts to rule and so he will prosper their weak endeavour besides that as after the Election the Congregation must obey their Rulers so afore their Election they must give their vote and consent to that effect or else that Obedience which is due to Rulers Heb. 13.17 will not be very free and voluntary as it ought to be for as we have said afore of Pastors so we say of this it is a kinde of Marriage where consent of both Parties is required And as we have said That the Church so called in distinction of any Civil body hath right to chuse her Rulers from among herself so here by this amongst her self we speak of the Laity of it from the Flock distinguished from the Pastor or Teacher In the 2 Chron. 19.8 there were chosen as Priests and Levites so also of the chief of the Fathers of Israel for the Judgment of the Lord and since it is well known that the Synagogue had a Councell of Secular men chosen out of the Congregation to rule it which was continued in the dayes of our Saviour for we read often of the Rulers of the Synagogue which Jewish Church we know to have been as well govern'd as any that ever was and since our Saviour although he much condemned their corruption in Doctrine and Conversation yet he never had a word against this Form of Government the continuation of which the Lord Jesus foretold his Disciples when he said they should be brought and beaten in the Synagogues in the Christian Church these also are appointed to be Rulers as in our Letters to a Person of Quality we have demonstrated out of several Texts of Scripture This only I add as the Church did chuse their Messengers of whow we read 2 Cor. 8.19 23. as they chose their Representatives Acts 15.23 So also they elected their Rulers called Elders 1 Tim. 5.17 to whom the relief for the brethren was to be delivered Acts 11.30 III. The Right of the Church doth consist in the Administration of Discipline the power whereof is in the Church or her Representatives by vertue of which they may suspend erroneous and scandalons Persons from the publick hearing of the Word receiving of the Lords Supper and exclude them from communion with Gods people 2 Thessal 3.6.14 untill they repent and give a publick Testimony of it In the Primitive Church there were several degrees of these Church Censures according to the Nature of their Offences some were only censured in private others in a more publick way others were not permitted to come into the Church to hear the Word although they were permitted to stand just at the door some were suffered to go in untill Sermon was done and then they went forth some were permitted to stay till after Prayers but they were to go out before the blessing was pronounced and others might tarry till after the Blessing but not to be admitted to the Lords Supper when it was to be administred All those things may be accounted circumstantial because left to the prudence of the Church for now adayes we do not follow it altogether although we know thus much to be necessary to use Censures against Offenders but the manner is left to the Discretion of the Church however they must not be so absurd and ridiculous as to give a white sheet as the Episcopal Custome was I cannot but admire at some who fearing to disoblige men rather than to displease God do connive at the licentiousnesse and prophanenesse of others as if in imitation of these unruly persons they were resolved not to performe their duty and this upon this account that such and such men are of such a temper as that if they were censured they would altogether forsake the Church but I must tell them that they will be wiser than God as if to prevent an evil not in being but only feared they were to suffer and comply with a real and actual evil they to whom Discipline is commited must be carefull to execute it for saith the Apostle Rom. 12. He that ruleth let him do it with diligence as for the success they must commit it to the hand of God however let the event be what it will they have that comfort to have discharged their duty The case of the French Church is notable in this where the Offenders have liberty to forsake the Reformed Religion and be welcome amongst Papists the King being that way yet notwithstanding this Consideration they strictly administer Discipline and such is the Blessing of God that he overrules mens hearts for instead of a postatising they submit to the power and Censures of the Church and although upon this they would depart from the Church of which I cannot bring so much as an Instance although I have reason to be aquainted with their Affairs yet they may say They went from among us because they were none of us Rotten Members if obstinate must-be cut off lest they corrupt others as S. Paul saith of Hymeneus and Philetes 2 Tim. 2.17 That this Right is belonging to the Church is clear out of our Blessed Saviours saying Matth. 15. v. 17 If he will not hear thee tell it the Church wherein is implyed That the Church had Power to procure some satisfaction for the Offence received which power if a man will not submit unto he must be unto us as an Heathen and a Publican This Right the Church of Corinth made use of according to S Paul's Exhortation 1 Cor. 5. which was not committed to a single Person but to the whole church to which the Apostle writeth this Epistle and S. Paul by vertue of this Right delivered up that is excommunicated Hymeneus and Philetes 1 Tim. 1.20 Yet from hence one must not infer That this Right is administred by a
single person for 1. It cannot be demonstrated that Paul alone did it but it is more then probable that he had the Advice and Assent of the Church which these two were of perhaps of the Church of Laodicea whence that Epistle was written for this was his practice 1 Cor. 3. When ye are Assembled and my Spirit with the power of the Lord J. ch 2. Neither must every one draw this Consequence Whatsoever Paul did I may do for his Calling was immediate from Christ and extraordinary in it self The Sentence of the Church in the Execution of this Discipline is passed by the Representative of it and in case the Nature of the thing be such as that because the power of the Party or of some other Consiedration it is not or cannot be decided in particular Congregations by the Pastor and his Elders it must be referred to a Classis from it to a SYNOD according to the Pattern Acts 15. So that It is a Sacrilegious usurpation of any particular one as POPE or any other that will do it alone without the Church or her Representatives in the chusing of which there ought to be such care as that they be not Idiots or Ignorant men but men of Piety understanding and of Credit as much as can be to meet in a certain place and alwayes they must remember that their Authority is not supream but Ministerial and therefore that they are bound onely to the Laws and Rules given by the Holy Ghost in the Word and therefore as in point of Doctrine so as to Discipline in all things they must follow the Word For it doth not belong to the Church now established to make any Lawes different from or contrary to the Rules of the Word The Right of the Church doth in the 4th place consist in the power of advising and voting in Synods Councels and Ecclesiastical Assemblies by their Elders Deputies and Representatives not only Arch Bishops and Bishops as Papists would have and not onely Pastors and those that are professed Divines as the Prelatical Party desireth but also other godly and knowing Persons chosen and sent by the Church afore called Elders Deputies and Representatives are to be admitted to vote in the decision of Controversies this I speak not of my own neither must it be called a new thing since for the confirmation of it I will bring 1. Scripture 2. Antiquity 3. Reason As to the 1. in the Councells Synods or Assemblies held by the Apostles not only the Apostles themselves but also the Elders and Deputies of the people who were not professed Divines were admitted so in the Councill of HYERUSALEM of which we read Acts the 15 out of which place these 2 things do appear 1. that the Church Deputies were admitted into the Assemblies v. 22. It pleased the Apostles and Elders with the whole Church which is interpreted the next Verse The Brethren representing the Church 2. it doth appear that they were admitted not to be simply and meer Spectators but also to be Judges and to decide with their Votes Affairs propounded in the Assembly for they are named among those whom the Letter came from who had not been named in the Letter except they had a Vote in the Decree Wherefore in these times except the Prelatical Party do think themselves wiser and greater than the Apostles they ought not to deprive the Church of this right as they do through Usurpation but rather to restore them to that share which they ought to have in the Government of the Church which to deny is to commit a heynous Sacriledg and to be guilty of as great a tyranny as can be usurped over the people of God And as the Apostles yielded to the Church her right so in the Primitive times the Church was not deprived of it for in the most famous and Oecumenical Councils this was granted to the Church 1. In the First Councel of Nice called by the Emperour Constantine the Great against Arius who denyed the Deity of Christ the Elders of the People and Representative of the Church had their Votes in it So in the First Council of Constantinople called by the Emperour Theodosius the first against Macedonius who denyed the Deity of the Holy Ghost in this also the Deputies of the Church voted in the ARTICLES therein debated as it doth appear by the Subscriptions of the Acts of these Two Synods For further confirmation of this Right of the Church to my judgement no better reason than this can be given These Synods and Assemblies do represent the Church If it be a Provincial Synod it representeth the Churches of a Province if National of a Nation so if universall it representeth the whole Christian Church Now If this Church either Provincial National c. represented by these Synods doth consist not only of Bishops or Pastors Doctors Teachers and Ministers but also of Lay or Secular Persons among whom sometimes there happen to be men no way inferiour in parts and Piety to many of the Clergy So it is of good consequence to say that some of the body of the Church consisting of Lay men are to be admitted to these Church-Assemblies for since they are interessed in the Transactions of such meetings they must send their Deputies to be present to the Conclusions taken there or else all these Assemblies shall be no better than a Councill of Trent called not to debate of but to confirm Errours where one of the Parties shall be excluded and the other shall be the Party and Judg. These Assemblies cannot be said to be free and Lawfull when there is so much violence and corruption as that one shall be admitted as guilty and accused Persons when he should be equal to his Adversary in such a meeting wherefore I say in case a Synod was called in this Nation consisting of Episcopal men for the most if the businesse was to be decided by plurallity of Votes it would not be a right and competent Assembly except things were resolved by strength of Reason and by an equall number of the different Parties But to be brief This right of the Church in the 8th place doth consist in this That the Church is subject to no power but to the power of Christ The Church ownes no Authority but his and it ought to be free from any others Dominion Christ Jesus is the only Lord and Potentate of his Church which to signifie he is called sometimes the King other times the Lord Master Husband Head and Shepherd of his Church If any other Secular or Ecclesiastical Officer doth aspire to this Power He is a Thief and a Robber We must not think that Christ Jesus hath so dearly purchased his Church to submit her afterwards to the will and lust of men He hath Redeemed us saith the Apostle that we should be a peculiar people unto himself therefore not addicted to others One cannot lay any claim to the Church except he hath purchased it except he
THE Right of the Church ASSERTED Against the POWER Usurped over it By J. Gailhard A. M. D. August de Civit. Dei Philautia Dei contemptui insita satanae civitatem edificavit sed suimet contemptus Dei amori junctus Dei civitatem instauravit LONDON Printed for J. Rothwell at the Fountain in Goldsmiths-row in Cheapside 1660. The Right of Christ's Church asserted against the Power usurped over it IN this weighty undertaking of mine to vindicate the Right Liberty and Priviledge that Christ Jesus with his own bloud hath purchased unto his Church although we account it needless to insist upon Principles which our Adversaries and we are agreed upon yet that we may build upon some grounds we will lay the following foundations In the nature of things there is a Church really existing which was saved sanctified and purchased with Christs Bloud and Life and as this Church hath her Being from the Lord Jesus so the continuation and preservation of the same is from him to which effect he hath appointed food in the Word and Sacraments to be distributed to the Church by those who are Pastors and Ministers in it by way of Office in which sense our Blessed Saviour hath promised to be with his Spouse unto the end of the world And further as there is no Body either Natural Civil Political or oeconomical without some Laws and Order so Christ Jesus hath not left his Church without Law and in Confusion there is a certain Government properly belonging to it For our Saviour hath not left it to mens liberty to invent and forge what Government they please but he hath himself instituted one which must not be changed by men and which is strictly to be observed in the Church That there is and ought to be a Government it is clear from the Nature of the Church for it is the House of God wherefore as God is the God of order so his House must be an House of order so that in some respect order is essential to the Church in that it cannot be the House of God except in it there be some order Now since the voice of Christ alone is to be heard in the Church so the Rule of Christ alone is to be observed in it in the giving whereof he hath not been wanting for as soon as he had form'd his Church as soon he stablished some orderly constitution in it as the comparison of a natural body where there is an harmony between all the Members used by St Paul Rom. 12. 1 Cor. 12. where he speaks of the Gifts and Office of the Church do clearly declare it The Lord Jesus Christ therefore who is the only Lord and great Shepherd of his Church having instituted a Government in it did also appoint those that were to administer and execute it to the end that all intrusions and usurpations might be avoided For as the Authour of the Epistle to the Hebrews doth say Chap. 5. That Christ glorified not himself to be made an High Priest but he that said unto him Thou art my Son this day have I begotten thee Nay he doth not so much as send his Disciples without shewing his Commission As the Father hath sent me so do I send you Likewise none ought to feed the Church or rule the Church except he be called thereunto whence this must be concluded that as there is a Government in the Church so they that administer it ought to be named of Christ But to find out who these Rulers ought to be we must have our refuge to holy Scriptures where Christ hath clearly and fully revealed his will and mind unto us we must not scorn nor be ashamed to make that our Rule here which shall be our Judge hereafter Peace and Mercy will be to as many as walk according to this rule and upon the Israel of God Gal. 6. Contrary practises must be left to that Antichrist who exalteth himself above God and sitteth in the Temple of God shewing himself that he is God 2 Thes 2. But it becometh Christian Kingdoms such as England Scotland and Ireland wherein the light of the Gospel hath so clearly appeared to be ruled by the Word In the daies of Ignorance God winked at mens waies but now he will not have mens Traditions to make void his Commands neither will he have will-worship preferred to that which he hath instituted Since Christ Jesus his Ascention never a Nation had such knowledge of Heavenly Mysteries neither did a Land so abound in godly and powerful Preaching as we have enjoyed within these Twenty years last past We may then justly desire that to be setled which is according to the Will of God revaled in his Word and that Traditions be not preferred above Scriptures namely in the point of Church-Government So that though there may be some Government good of it self as some would plead for Monarchy and Hierarchy in the Church yet none is to take the place of that which is set down in the Word for of all Rules in the Church that is the best and the only to be kept which Christ hath instituted And this I press the more when I consider the abuse in this and other Church-Offices as it hath provoked God to wrath so it hath procured Gods judgments Observe the case of Ely's Children and their Fathers remisseness to administer the Natural and Ecclesiastical power which he had over them yea the neglect of administring this Discipline in not restraining his Children was so great a sin that God did swear that the iniquity of Elies House should not be purged with Sacrifice nor Offering for ever 1 Sam. 3.14 And the end is known to all And under the Law it was ordinarily one of the greatest complaints of God to express the corruption of Church-men in the neglect of their duty either in giving instruction or bearing rule when they prophesied falsly corrupted the Law and when they did not administer judgment in the House of God So under the Gospel this is one of the few things Christ hath against the Angel of the Church in Thiatira that he suffered Jezebel to seduce Gods Servants and to commit fornication And so it was the blemish of the Angel of Pergamus that he had them that held the Doctrine of Balaam when on the other side it is the great commendation of the Angel of Ephesus that he could not bear them which were evil Rev. 2. And indeed remisseness in Church-government hath ordinarily been followed with licentiousness prophaneness depravation in doctrine and at last with the removing of the Candlestick and overthrow of the Churches This some observe to have been the case of those seven famous Churches of Asia An Army without Discipline will soon be destroyed and an House without Order will quickly be undone Hence I may observe how unjustly Presbyterians are condemned for their strictness in Church-Discipline and how undeservedly the Episcopal Party is commended for their remisseness in it So
doth protect and preserve it providing it with all necessary Graces This is the end of his giving some Apostles some Prophets some Evangelists c. for the perfecting of the Saints for the work of the Ministry for the edifying of the body of Christ Eph. 4. This is a Song proper to the Church to say I am my beloveds and my beloved is mine Cant. 6.3 So that to find her other Lords is to make her an Adultresse I am jealous over you with a godly Jealousie saith Paul to the Corinthians for I will present you as a chast Virgin to Christ for I have spoused you to one Husband 2 Cor. 11. Let therefore no man no not the Angels themselves pretend any Power and Superiority over the Church of Christ for the Lord Jesus hath purchased his Church a Freedom from all other powers but from his own And to speak more exactly to this No man in civil or ecclesiastical Office ought to pretend any Right and Authority over the Church 1. No civil Magistrate for as we render to Caesar the things that are Caesars so we must render to God the things that are Gods It is ordinary in Scriptures to make a difference between civil and Ecclesiastical Jurisdictions Christ's Kingdom is described Psal 45. His Government spoken of Isaiah 9.6 7. It is seen in a Dream by the Stone cut out without hands which broke the Image of all other Dominions Dan. 2.34 Christ doth profess His Kingdom is not of this world and he makes a clear difference between civil powers and that of his Church when he said to his Disciples The Princes of the Gentiles exercise Dominion over them but it shall not be so among you Matth. 20.25 In such a case therefore let every one abide in that whereunto he is called There is indeed a gracious Promise made of God that Kings should be nursing Fathers to the Church which began to be fulfilled in the time of Christian Emperors It is now continued and I believe it will be to the end of the world but there is never a Promise to any Prince Except to the Prince of Peace Isaiah 9.6 to receive any power or Dominion over the Church It is one of the greatest points of the Popes Usurpation that he will confound these two Jurisdictions and assume not only S. Peters Keyes but also S. Pauls Sword as they call it so that which the one cannot open the other shall cut it In a word He will undertake the Ecclesiastical and Civil Government since he boasteth to have power in spiritual and temporal things But thus much here is not approved of by the Word of God As the Pope is a temporal Prince so let him govern his Subjects as he is a Bishop let him use tyranny as he doth over his Church But every Christian Reformed Prince ought to be careful not to Administer the Goverment of State and Church together But besides the not preaching of the Word there are two things specially which the civil Magistrate may not do The First He may not ordain Ministers because he hath not Commission to that effect it belongs to those that have already been ordain'd themselves and this would be to destroy Ministry by way of office in the Church this was the practise in the Primitive Church that Bishops or Pastors were chosen by other Bishops and the people that is the Representatives of the people without any civil Monarch or any one pretending Monarchy in the Church as it will at large be found written by Cyprian who lived 250. in his Epist 55. and 68. But the Second thing that the Civil Magistrate must abstain from is The Administration of Ecclesiastical Discipline For though his Office be about the Church yet it is not in the Church Although some Magistrate may be an Officer and Ruler in the Church but not as he is a Civil Magistrate for under that notion it doth not belong to them It is indeed the Right of Kings to call COUNCELLS to see the Church Reformed for he is the Keeper of both Tables yet in this they must make use of Church Officers He also must protect the Church from the power of her Enemies for to that effect he is called the Servant of God Rom. 13. So it becometh Princes to protect Ministers from the Power usurped by their Fellow-Servants as it is Observed of the Duke of Lancaster who to his great commendation secured Wickliffe from the malice and power of his enemies that were Bishops as is observed by FOX in his Book of Martyrs Fol. 413. But we have briefly yet clearly spoken to this Power of the Civil Magistrate in the Churches affairs in a Latine EPISTLE as an Answer to a Letter from a Learned Friend only I do adde this If the Civil Magistrate doth not pretend any Power over the Church this is so far from tending to his Prejudice dishonour and discredit as that it is the greatest glory to abstain from that which doth belong to him yet it will be their highest prasie to submit to the Church Rules as they are Members of the Church It is well known how Ambrosius used this Right with Theodosius and the words of Chrysostome shewing the Power of the Church in administring Discpline in relation to any one are very notable If any wicked man saith he come to the Table of the Lord give him not the Body or Blood of Christ but if he will not desist tell it me and I will rather shed my bloud than to admit such a one And as it is the right of the Church not to be subject to the power and dominion of any Civil Magistrate so Christ hath not purchased this freedom that it should be subject to any Officers and Ministers in it but this liberty will be encroached upon if any Monarchy or Hierarchy be setled in the Church which do follow one another For when there is a Prince and a Soveraign there will be Lords and persons of a quality superiour to the common people Now I say any tittle signifying Monarchy in the Church is tyrannical such as the Prince of the Church or the Supream head thereof and it is necessary for any Christian to abstain from such a Title For 1. It is known out of Scriptures that Christ Jesus is the only Head of his Church One Text will serve for all it is Eph. 1.22 So that to talk of any other Head under the notion of ministerial or subordinate it is to form a monstrous body with two heads for in the same place v. 23. The Church is said to be the Body any one that doth aspire to the title of Head of the Church must have these three qualifications 1. Excellency above the members in power and dignity 2. Perfection in himself greater than any of the members have 3. Infusion of all things which the body hath need of But these three qualities are to be found in Christ Jesus alone who being God and man a
have already said how I look upon this Episcopal supremacy as an Effect of that Cause and as a Fruit of that Tree they and we do condemn the same thing though in different persons and perhaps in a different degree Those of Carthage would not make their appeal to Rome What reason is it for the Pastors of Warwick Worcester c. to make their appeals before the Archbishop of Canterbury observe that Rome and Carthage were then under the same Emperor Bernard reproveth Eugenius for affecting the Title of Lord Why shall not also those that are called here Lords be in the same condemnation Wickliff who lived in the year 1379 opposed this usurped Preeminency and superiority for which doing and other things he was condemned as an Heretick his bones taken from his Grave and burnt against him one Woodfort exhibited a Charge the 18th Article whereof was this There be saith Wickliffe Twelve Disciples of Antichrist Popes Cardinals Archbishops Bishops by way of Prelacy Arch-Deacons Officials Deans Canons c. And for the testimony of this truth as of others John Hus Jerom of Prague obtained Martyrdom and had their bloud shed because they asserted it In the Council of Constance in the year 1414 certain Articles were exhibited against them specially John Hus the 4th Article runs thus He erreth touching the Church in that he saith all Priests are of like power and therefore he assirmeth that consecration of Bishops was invented only for covetousnesse Hence doth appear how God did formerly stir up men to oppose this usurpation which was not known amongst the Waldenses who professed the true Doctrine since the Apostles times till now as I have demonstrated in a Latine Epistle to a Learned man Howsoever I know that there are some who would not have Bishops altogether so high as to be Lords but nevertheless they would have them as Presidents over one or two Counties and to direct his Presbyters but this is a Branch of the former unwarrantable from the word of God as that such persons should be at all times in all places and during their life Presidents over all Ministers of so many shires which cannot be denied to be a kind of superiority which in any kind being introduc'd into the Church we disclaim against The Adversaries being not able to hold this kind of Bishops out of Scripture which they refuse to be judged by in this case they are forced to have a refuge to humane Right saying it is a benefit and gratuity from Princes But alas Princes may not alter the Government setled by Christ in his Church for the Church receiveth no rule in necessary things as this is but from Gods Word It was a Christian saying of the Lord Cobham strongly persecuted who as it is quoted by Fox Book of Martyrs Fol. 515. said to his Judges The Precepts of God ought to be obeyed If any Prelate of the Church doth require more or else any other kind of obedience to be used he contemneth Christ exalting himself above God and so becometh an open Antichrist In such a case therefore we say that in the Church no voice but that of Christ is to be heard and to any that shall go about to perswade or force us to it we must with Peter answer to the Pharisees judge your selves whether it be just to obey men more than God when it seems it was not much that they were required not to forsake Christ or to preach against him but only not to preach in his name Herein therefore lies the first grievance of the Church of Christ that those who are appointed to be her Pastors do usurp a Dominion over the Flock and a superiority over their Fellow-Ministers But a second grievance depending from the former is from spiritual Courts so called and the exceeding corruption and irregularity of the same whereby Ministers are made Cyphers as to the administration of Discipline in their respective Congregations and the Church is deprived of the right it hath in matter of Government Is it not more conformable to the will of God and better in reason to have every Minister with his Elders to rule in his Parish and when things come to be decided in it to refer it to a Claffis or Synod than to have a Bishop Dean and Arch-Deacon to rule all the Parishes of two or three Counties and not seldom their Servants being bribed they are earnest Sollicitors with their Masters for Causes howsoever unjust they be and sure I am that these few persons are more easily bribed than many these Courts are grounded upon humane invention and contrary to the form of Government by Christ setled in his Church whence followeth that it being not a way of Gods appointment there are grosse and many abuses committed therein which being well known I will observe only one of the chief and this is Fines it is very strange that they should practise that in the Church for which they have no pattern in Scriptures or Primitive Church it is ridiculous that men should pay money for their offences in the Church it is sacrilegious to make any trafique in the Church and it is a great impiety to turn Church-censures into Fines these practises are good for Rome where all things are sold we are not the first that condemn it Wickliffe lived long ago and in the 17th Article exhibited against him he is charged to have written that Christs Ministers have no power by any civil and lesse spiritual coaction to exact temporal things by their censures this godly man as he disclaimed much against the pride and so the usurped superiority of the Clergy so he much inveighed against their covetousnesse and their spiritual Courts which word is odious in the Church and although the abuse now adaies committed be not so exceeding as then yet it is as bad and as much to be condemned because of the greater light we have now And that which makes it the worse is that these Fines are exacted from those who do well if a Minister doth preach within the Diocesse of a Bishop without his license he shall be fined for it Is not this to hinder the preaching of the Gospel and to restrain the liberty of it We may hear what Wickliffe whom God extraordinarily raised to oppose those abuses in his daies saith to it in one of his Articles which in a Convocation held 1382. were condemned as erroneous this is one It is lawful for any Priest or Minister to preach the Word of God as without any license from the Apostolick Sea or Rome so of any of her Catholick Bishops Further a third grievance is the pressing of a Canonical Oath so called for no man shall be admitted to any place or have his Institution and induction into any Living except he hath sworn obedience to his Bishop and pretended Superiors and a conformity to the Canons of the Church that is to the Traditions as they are called in the 39 Articles a thing very