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power_n body_n soul_n unite_v 2,581 5 9.8377 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A90884 The vanity of the lives and passions of men. Written by D. Papillon, Gent. Papillon, David, 1581-1655? 1651 (1651) Wing P304; Thomason E1222_1; ESTC R211044 181,604 424

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power_n of_o the_o concupiscible_a appetite_n to_o make_v the_o child_n of_o god_n commit_v such_o sin_n as_o the_o prophet_n david_n and_o st._n peter_n do_v but_o it_o be_v because_o god_n be_v please_v to_o give_v they_o over_o to_o themselves_o to_o make_v they_o know_v that_o the_o perseverance_n in_o grace_n be_v a_o free_a gift_n of_o he_o neither_o be_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o irascible_a appetite_n to_o infuse_v such_o a_o continency_n as_o be_v find_v in_o joseph_n nor_o such_o a_o unparalleled_a undantedness_n as_o be_v in_o shadrach_n meshach_n abednigo_n and_o in_o daniel_n but_o it_o be_v the_o bless_a spirit_n of_o god_n that_o do_v infuse_v in_o their_o heart_n that_o admirable_a fortitude_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o vanity_n of_o the_o passion_n of_o love_n as_o after_o a_o hard_a winter_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o only_o see_v to_o give_v a_o new_a life_n to_o all_o the_o vegetative_a sensitive_a and_o rational_a creature_n upon_o earth_n but_o 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passion_n of_o man_n second_o because_o this_o sensitive_a power_n be_v distinguish_v into_o two_o distinct_a appetite_n viz._n the_o concupiscible_a and_o the_o irascible_a which_o be_v proper_o the_o faculty_n that_o the_o french_a call_v appetitive_n which_o intimate_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n a_o aptness_n 721._o see_v beau-lieu_n in_o his_o body_n of_o philosophy_n pa._n 721._o a_o instinct_n or_o natural_a inclination_n entice_a man_n and_o beast_n to_o pursue_v such_o object_n as_o seem_v good_a or_o to_o fly_v from_o such_o object_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v evil_a and_o the_o truth_n be_v appetite_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o concupiscible_a and_o irascible_a appetite_n that_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o concupiscible_a appetite_n be_v to_o induce_v man_n to_o prosecute_v the_o object_n that_o seem_v simple_o to_o be_v good_a or_o to_o draw_v they_o back_o from_o such_o that_o seem_v simple_o to_o be_v evil_a who_o have_v no_o appearance_n in_o they_o to_o be_v difficult_a to_o be_v obtain_v or_o to_o be_v avoid_v and_o the_o propriety_n of_o the_o irascible_a appetite_n be_v to_o entice_v man_n to_o meet_v the_o object_n present_v by_o the_o sense_n unto_o they_o after_o a_o short_a result_n of_o the_o imagination_n that_o be_v not_o only_o simple_o good_a or_o evil_n but_o full_a of_o difficulty_n to_o obtain_v or_o to_o eschew_v for_o the_o seem_a good_a simple_o 3._o see_v aristotle_n in_o his_o physio_n lib._n 16._o cap._n 3._o be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o the_o concupiscible_a appetite_n because_o it_o be_v pleasant_a and_o useful_a to_o man_n or_o beast_n and_o may_v be_v obtain_v without_o difficulty_n but_o the_o seem_a good_a that_o be_v apparent_o difficult_a to_o obtain_v and_o the_o evil_a that_o be_v hard_o to_o avoid_v be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o the_o irascible_a appetite_n but_o you_o be_v in_o this_o place_n to_o
take_v notice_n once_o for_o all_o that_o the_o object_n that_o the_o sense_n represent_v to_o man_n fancy_n or_o imagination_n be_v not_o always_o real_o good_a nor_o real_o evil_a because_o the_o judgement_n of_o man_n be_v oftentimes_o delude_v by_o the_o sense_n who_o varnish_n over_o the_o good_a with_o evil_n and_o the_o evil_a with_o good_a and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o phrase_n of_o seem_v good_a or_o seem_a evil_n be_v use_v so_o often_o in_o these_o discourse_n three_o ma●seilles_n the_o definition_n of_o passion_n according_a to_o aristotle_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o ma●seilles_n passion_n argue_v imperfection_n in_o the_o subject_n and_o a_o distemper_n in_o the_o sensitive_a power_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o here_o be_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o general_a word_n of_o passion_n passion_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o sensitive_a appetite_n proceed_v from_o the_o apprehension_n of_o a_o real_a or_o seem_a good_a or_o evil_n which_o beget_v a_o alteration_n in_o the_o body_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n man_n passion_n be_v bear_v with_o they_o and_o therefore_o can_v be_v utter_o extinguish_v neither_o by_o a_o habit_n of_o moral_a virtue_n nor_o by_o grace_n but_o their_o sury_n may_v be_v allay_v and_o their_o distemper_n regulate_v they_o never_o arise_v but_o there_o be_v a_o apparent_a alteration_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o be_v note_v in_o the_o desinition_n above_o relate_v and_o this_o alteration_n proceed_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o object_n have_v be_v represent_v to_o the_o imagination_n by_o the_o sense_n if_o it_o conceive_v they_o to_o be_v good_a the_o concupiscible_a appetite_n do_v entice_v man_n to_o prosecute_v these_o object_n and_o have_v obtain_v their_o desire_n there_o proceed_v from_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o it_o a_o passion_n of_o joy_n and_o delight_n which_o dilate_v the_o blood_n with_o the_o vital_a spirit_n that_o reside_v in_o it_o to_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o heart_n be_v deprive_v of_o some_o of_o his_o natural_a heat_n make_v a_o alteration_n in_o the_o body_n that_o be_v apparent_o see_v in_o the_o face_n which_o have_v by_o it_o a_o more_o pleasant_a aspect_n and_o a_o more_o ruddy_a complexion_n then_o ordinary_a but_o if_o this_o delight_n or_o joy_n be_v violent_a and_o come_v unexpected_o it_o make_v a_o contrary_a alteration_n in_o the_o face_n for_o than_o it_o become_v pale_a and_o the_o body_n fall_v into_o a_o swoon_n body_n that_o man_n passion_n cause_v variety_n of_o change_n and_o alteration_n in_o the_o body_n and_o sometime_o deprive_v the_o party_n of_o life_n because_o the_o sudden_a violence_n of_o the_o passion_n have_v drive_v all_o the_o blood_n and_o vital_a spirit_n from_o the_o heart_n and_o so_o for_o want_v of_o heat_n the_o life_n be_v extinguish_v contrary_o if_o the_o object_n procure_v a_o passion_n of_o fear_n than_o the_o blood_n and_o the_o vital_a spirit_n resident_a in_o it_o withdraw_v from_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o ascend_v up_o to_o the_o heart_n to_o comsort_v the_o same_o and_o stir_v up_o the_o passion_n of_o undantedness_n to_o oppose_v this_o fear_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o irregular_a motion_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o the_o run_n of_o the_o blood_n cause_v a_o apparent_a alteration_n in_o the_o body_n for_o the_o face_n and_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o body_n lose_v their_o natural_a complexion_n and_o become_v pale_a the_o knee_n foot_n and_o hand_n tremble_v as_o if_o the_o party_n have_v the_o dead-palsey_n nay_o if_o this_o passion_n be_v violent_a and_o happen_v unexpected_o it_o will_v deprive_v the_o party_n of_o life_n for_o it_o will_v bring_v up_o such_o a_o superfluous_a current_n of_o blood_n and_o vital_a spirit_n about_o the_o heart_n that_o it_o will_v be_v smother_v by_o it_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v prove_v by_o divers_a instance_n in_o convenient_a time_n and_o place_n but_o some_o will_v object_v how_o can_v the_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n sympathize_v thus_o with_o the_o accident_n that_o happen_v to_o the_o body_n i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o communication_n that_o be_v between_o the_o sensitive_a power_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o body_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o passion_n of_o delight_n and_o dolour_n for_o if_o a_o man_n enjoy_v any_o pleasure_n the_o sensitive_a power_n of_o the_o soul_n have_v her_o part_n of_o this_o delight_n likewise_o if_o his_o body_n be_v rack_v the_o sensitive_a power_n of_o his_o soul_n suffer_v her_o part_n of_o the_o torment_n for_o the_o body_n and_o the_o soul_n be_v but_o one_o individual_a the_o body_n without_o a_o soul_n be_v but_o a_o lump_n of_o clay_n the_o one_o be_v the_o matter_n and_o the_o other_o the_o form_n or_o the_o the_o body_n be_v the_o bulk_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o soul_n the_o helm_n that_o guide_v the_o same_o four_o 16._o that_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o man_n passion_n according_a to_o aristotle_n in_o his_o physiogn_n lib._n 16._o the_o passion_n of_o man_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o heart_n because_o it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o sensitive_a power_n from_o which_o they_o be_v derive_v and_o this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n and_o other_o ancient_a and_o modern_a author_n yet_o divers_a be_v of_o another_o judgement_n some_o will_v have_v the_o seat_n of_o they_o to_o be_v in_o the_o liver_n other_o in_o the_o gall_n other_o in_o the_o spleen_n but_o because_o the_o reason_n &_o argument_n they_o use_v to_o prove_v their_o opinion_n have_v be_v confute_v for_o erroneous_a i_o will_v not_o trouble_v you_o with_o they_o special_o since_o our_o bless_a saviour_n do_v confirm_v by_o these_o word_n 7.21_o word_n matth._n 7.21_o that_o they_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o heart_n for_o from_o within_o out_o of_o the_o heart_n proceed_v evil_a thought_n adultery_n fornication_n murder_n etc._n etc._n and_o these_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o man_n passion_n nay_o 723._o and_o of_o beau-lieu_a in_o his_o body_n of_o philosophy_n pa._n 722_o 723._o daily_a experience_n confirm_v the_o point_n by_o the_o carriage_n of_o young_a child_n who_o be_v addict_v to_o envy_n vindication_n wrath_n and_o divers_a other_o passion_n before_o they_o be_v able_a by_o their_o rational_a power_n to_o distinguish_v the_o good_a from_o the_o evil_a because_o the_o rational_a power_n that_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o understanding_n do_v increase_v by_o age_n but_o the_o sensitive_a power_n be_v breed_v with_o we_o and_o therefore_o the_o heart_n be_v the_o true_a seat_n of_o the_o passion_n affection_n and_o inclination_n of_o man_n as_o for_o the_o number_n of_o the_o passion_n of_o man_n it_o be_v uncertain_a for_o they_o may_v be_v multiply_v by_o the_o limitation_n of_o their_o object_n as_o the_o wind_n have_v be_v of_o late_a for_o at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v but_o four_o the_o east_n north_n west_n and_o south_n and_o then_o they_o be_v multiply_v to_o eight_o and_o afterward_o to_o sixteen_o and_o then_o to_o two_o and_o thirty_o and_o of_o late_o they_o have_v be_v multiply_v to_o threescore_o and_o four_o as_o for_o the_o passion_n aristotle_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o general_a passion_n and_o that_o be_v love_n other_o say_v there_o be_v but_o two_o and_o they_o be_v delight_n and_o dolour_n other_o say_v there_o be_v but_o four_o and_o they_o be_v joy_n sorrow_n hope_n and_o fear_n and_o this_o opinion_n be_v ground_v upon_o reason_n for_o whatsoever_o man_n act_n or_o undertake_v they_o delight_v grieve_v fear_v or_o hope_n passion_n that_o there_o be_v eleven_o general_a passion_n but_o beau-lieu_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o marseilles_n maintain_v there_o be_v eleven_o general_a passion_n but_o senault_n a_o modern_a author_n have_v make_v they_o up_o twelve_o to_o make_v the_o passion_n of_o the_o irascible_a appetite_n equal_a with_o those_o of_o the_o concupiscible_a appetite_n and_o so_o have_v bring_v in_o remissness_n which_o in_o the_o two_o former_a author_n opinion_n nor_o in_o i_o can_v be_v no_o general_a passion_n because_o it_o be_v mix_v or_o compose_v of_o love_n and_o compassion_n and_o these_o be_v the_o eleven_o general_a passion_n and_o the_o six_o of_o the_o concupiscible_a appetite_n shall_v have_v the_o precedency_n first_o love_n second_o hatred_n three_o desire_n four_o flight_n or_o eschew_v five_o joy._n sixthly_a dolour_n or_o sorrow_n and_o these_o be_v the_o five_o of_o the_o irascible_a appetite_n first_o fear_v second_o vndauntedness_n or_o boldness_n three_o hope_n four_o despair_n five_o wrath_n or_o choler_n and_o here_o follow_v their_o definition_n according_a to_o beau-lieu_a 723._o the_o definition_n of_o these_o eleven_o passion_n according_a to_o beau-lieu_a pag._n 723._o which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o best_a first_o
for_o lover_n ambitious_a and_o covetous_a man_n be_v cast_v into_o strange_a fit_n of_o melancholy_a and_o sorrow_n if_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o love_n or_o of_o the_o honour_n and_o riches_n they_o aim_v at_o second_o the_o cark_n care_v that_o man_n usual_o take_v to_o increase_v their_o mean_n or_o to_o preserve_v their_o life_n and_o estate_n be_v a_o cause_n of_o their_o sorrow_n three_o the_o fear_n that_o many_o man_n have_v to_o fall_v into_o penury_n be_v a_o common_a cause_n of_o their_o sorrow_n fourthly_a the_o loss_n of_o man_n good_n fame_n or_o reputation_n be_v a_o cause_n of_o their_o sorrow_n because_o they_o want_v the_o grace_n of_o patience_n and_o can_v say_v with_o job_n 1.21_o job_n 1.21_o the_o lord_n give_v and_o the_o lord_n have_v take_v away_o bless_a be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n nor_o with_o the_o prophet_n david_n i_o will_v wash_v my_o hand_n in_o innocency_n 26.6_o psal_n 26.6_o five_o the_o loss_n of_o parent_n wife_n child_n or_o intimate_v friend_n be_v often_o time_n the_o cause_n of_o man_n sorrow_n for_o want_v of_o the_o rememoration_n of_o this_o say_n of_o solomon_n 3.20_o eccles_n 3.20_o all_o be_v of_o the_o dust_n and_o all_o shall_v return_v to_o dust_n again_o sixthly_a the_o vain_a apprehension_n that_o man_n have_v of_o the_o evil_a to_o come_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o sorrow_n because_o they_o rely_v not_o upon_o this_o gracious_a promise_n all_o thing_n work_v together_o for_o good_a to_o they_o that_o love_n god_n seventhly_a 8.28_o rom_n 8.28_o the_o want_n of_o courage_n in_o man_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o sorrow_n because_o like_o faint_a heart_a pilot_n they_o give_v over_o the_o helm_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o a_o storm_n i_o mean_v the_o helm_n of_o their_o reason_n whereby_o they_o may_v regulate_v the_o distemper_n of_o this_o passion_n of_o sorrow_n eight_o the_o fear_n that_o possess_v man_n for_o the_o punishment_n of_o their_o sin_n be_v a_o cause_n of_o their_o sorrow_n whereas_o they_o shall_v fear_v and_o grieve_v for_o the_o guilt_n of_o sin_n to_o attain_v to_o that_o spiritual_a sorrow_n which_o work_v repentance_n to_o salvation_n the_o natural_a cause_n of_o the_o dolour_n and_o anguish_n of_o the_o body_n may_v be_v these_o first_o long_o and_o tedious_a disease_n body_n the_o natural_a cause_n of_o the_o dolour_n and_o anguish_n of_o the_o body_n as_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o kidney_n or_o bladder_n the_o gravel_n the_o strangullion_n the_o gout_n the_o cough_n and_o consumption_n of_o the_o lung_n or_o the_o hectic_a fever_n for_o all_o these_o in_o continuance_n of_o time_n by_o the_o secret_a communion_n that_o the_o sense_n have_v with_o the_o sensitive_a power_n of_o the_o soul_n do_v beget_v in_o the_o mind_n grief_n and_o sorrow_n beside_o the_o dolour_n and_o anguish_n of_o the_o body_n second_o the_o adust_a or_o burn_a choler_n or_o bilis_fw-la gather_v in_o the_o mesentery_n vein_n which_o send_v virulent_a vapour_n up_o into_o the_o brain_n be_v a_o natural_a cause_n of_o much_o sorrow_n 4._o sorrow_n the_o accidental_a cause_n of_o sorrow_n the_o accidental_a cause_n may_v be_v these_o first_o when_o man_n themselves_o or_o their_o parent_n child_n or_o intimate_v friend_n do_v accidental_o come_v to_o their_o end_n by_o sea_n or_o by_o land_n as_o to_o be_v murder_v upon_o a_o road_n or_o cast_v away_o at_o sea_n or_o take_v captive_a by_o pirate_n or_o slay_v by_o a_o fall_n from_o a_o horse_n or_o lame_v by_o some_o other_o accident_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v cause_n of_o sorrow_n and_o grief_n yet_o none_o of_o these_o natural_a or_o accidental_a cause_n be_v or_o shall_v be_v sufficient_a to_o breed_v sorrow_n to_o man_n mind_n since_o nothing_o happen_v casual_o or_o accidental_o but_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o divine_a providence_n to_o who_o bless_a will_n man_n be_v oblige_v to_o submit_v themselves_o and_o our_o bless_a saviour_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o the_o mean_a sparrow_n or_o a_o hair_n of_o our_o head_n do_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n without_o the_o permission_n of_o our_o heavenly_a father_n four_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_n of_o sorrow_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o joy_n first_o the_o nature_n of_o joy_n be_v to_o dilate_v and_o spread_v the_o blood_n and_o the_o vital_a spirit_n that_o reside_v in_o it_o into_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o member_n of_o the_o body_n but_o sorrow_n be_v of_o a_o cold_a and_o dry_a nature_n draw_v the_o blood_n and_o vital_a spirit_n from_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o body_n towards_o the_o heart_n to_o comfort_v the_o same_o second_o joy_n be_v hot_a and_o active_a and_o by_o its_o sudden_a motion_n endanger_v the_o life_n of_o man_n sorrow_n the_o nature_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o anguish_n grief_n and_o sorrow_n but_o sorrow_n be_v cold_a and_o slow_a and_o come_v upon_o man_n with_o leaden_a foot_n and_o never_o cause_v death_n but_o by_o long_a continuance_n and_o linger_a disease_n except_o it_o cast_v man_n into_o despair_n as_o it_o do_v oftentimes_o as_o it_o will_v be_v show_v in_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o three_o joy_n be_v proper_a and_o pleasant_a to_o nature_n and_o rejoice_v the_o heart_n and_o make_v man_n cheerful_a in_o their_o call_v both_o private_a and_o general_a but_o sorrow_n be_v adverse_a and_o distasteful_a to_o nature_n and_o make_v man_n slow_a and_o stupid_a in_o their_o particular_a and_o general_a call_n fourthly_a joy_n preserve_v and_o increase_v health_n and_o lengthen_v man_n day_n and_o make_v they_o pass_v their_o life_n with_o mirth_n and_o content_n but_o sorrow_n impair_v man_n health_n and_o shorten_v their_o day_n and_o make_v their_o life_n to_o be_v tedious_a and_o irksome_a in_o a_o word_n moderate_a joy_n be_v comfort_n to_o man_n and_o excessive_a sorrow_n be_v the_o bane_n of_o man_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o worldly_a sorrow_n be_v as_o bad_a or_o rather_o worse_a first_o sorrow_n make_v man_n flee_v the_o society_n of_o man_n nay_o the_o very_a light_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o all_o thing_n that_o may_v rejoice_v and_o comfort_v nature_n the_o sight_n of_o their_o dear_a friend_n nay_o of_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n be_v irksome_a to_o man_n that_o be_v possess_v with_o excessive_a sorrow_n second_o martyr_n see_v the_o act_n and_o monument_n or_o book_n of_o martyr_n if_o man_n sorrow_n proceed_v from_o man_n apostasy_n in_o religion_n it_o do_v common_o cast_v they_o into_o despair_n and_o inflict_v upon_o they_o in_o this_o life_n the_o very_a pain_n of_o hell_n as_o it_o do_v appear_v in_o the_o life_n of_o francisco_n spira_n three_o sorrow_n tempt_v carnal_a man_n to_o be_v rid_v of_o it_o to_o desperate_a resolution_n as_o to_o bereave_v themselves_o of_o life_n by_o hang_v stab_a and_o drown_v of_o themselves_o as_o it_o have_v late_o be_v see_v in_o this_o city_n of_o london_n fourthly_a sorrow_n make_v man_n careless_a to_o make_v their_o call_n and_o election_n sure_a and_o to_o neglect_v the_o mean_n appoint_v by_o god_n for_o their_o salvation_n i_o mean_v the_o hear_n of_o the_o word_n with_o that_o attention_n as_o they_o shall_v for_o their_o thought_n and_o cogitation_n be_v so_o fix_v upon_o the_o object_n of_o their_o sorrow_n that_o they_o mind_n nothing_o else_o for_o this_o pernicious_a passion_n do_v stupefy_v the_o most_o noble_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o the_o memory_n the_o imagination_n and_o the_o understanding_n divers_a other_o effect_n may_v be_v produce_v but_o these_o will_v suffice_v to_o induce_v man_n to_o endeavour_n to_o eschew_v or_o regulate_v this_o dangerous_a and_o destructive_a passion_n five_o the_o remedy_n against_o the_o venom_n of_o this_o passion_n be_v first_o natural_a second_o moral_a three_o spiritual_a the_o natural_a be_v first_o to_o flee_v as_o far_o as_o man_n can_v from_o the_o object_n of_o their_o sorrow_n second_o if_o man_n sorrow_n proceed_v from_o natural_a infirmity_n they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o call_v upon_o god_n and_o then_o use_v the_o counsel_n of_o physician_n for_o they_o must_v not_o do_v as_o ahaziah_n king_n of_o israel_n do_v 1.2_o 2_o king_n 1.2_o who_o be_v fall_v from_o a_o upper_a chamber_n through_o a_o lattess_n send_v to_o the_o god_n of_o ekron_n to_o know_v whether_o he_o shall_v recover_v of_o his_o disease_n as_o too_o many_o do_v in_o these_o day_n who_o send_v to_o astronomer_n to_o know_v the_o event_n of_o thing_n not_o to_o the_o physician_n 16.12_o 2_o chron._n 16.12_o as_o asa_n king_n of_o juda_n do_v who_o be_v disease_v in_o his_o foot_n send_v to_o the_o physician_n before_o he_o have_v call_v upon_o the_o lord_n by_o prayer_n for_o god_n be_v the_o paramount_n physician_n and_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n and_o