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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64661	The judgement of the late Arch-Bishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland 1. Of the extent of Christs death and satisfaction &c, 2. Of the Sabbath, and observation of the Lords day, 3. Of the ordination in other reformed churches : with a vindication of him from a pretended change of opinion in the first, some advertisements upon the latter, and in prevention of further injuries, a declaration of his judgement in several other subjects / by N. Bernard.	Ussher, James, 1581-1656.; Bernard, Nicholas, d. 1661.	1658 (1658)	Wing U188; ESTC R24649	53,942	189

gathering together the Presbytery of what persons that did consist Cyprian sufficiently declareth when he wisheth him to read his Letters to the flourishing clergy which there did preside or rule with him The presence of the Clergy being thought to bee so requisite in matters of Episcopall audience that in the fourth Councell of Cartbage it was concluded That the Bishop might hear no mans cause without the presence of 〈◊〉 ●lergy and that otherwise th● 〈…〉 sentence should be void u●●●sse it were confirmed by the presence of the Clergy which we find also to be inserted into the Canons of Egbert who was Arch-Bishop of York in the Saxon times and afterwards into the body of the Cannon Law it self True it is that in our Church this kinde of Presbyterial Government hath been long disused yet seeing it still professeth that every Pastor hath a right to rule the Church from whence the mame of Rector also was given at first unto him and to administer the Discipline of Christ as well as to dispense the Doctrine and Sacraments and the restraint of the exercise of that right proceedeth onely from the custome now received in this Realm no man can doubt but by another Law of the Land this hinderance may be well removed And how easily this ancient form of Government by the united suffrages of the Clergy might be 〈◊〉 again and with what 〈…〉 of alteration the Synodical conventions of the Pastors of every Parish might be accorded with the Presidency of the Bishops of each Diocese and Province the indifferent Reader may quickly perceive by the perusal of the ensuing Propositions I. In every Parish the Rector or Incumbent Pastor together with the Church-Wardens and Sides-men may every week take notice of such as live scandalously in that Cougregation who are to receive such several admonitions and reproofs as the quality of their offence shall deserve And if by this means they cannot be reclaimed they may be presented to the next monethly Synod and in the mean time debarred by the Pastor from accesse unto the Lords Table II. Whereas by a Statute in the six and twentieth year of King Henry the eighth revived in the first year of Queen Elizabeth Suffragans are appointed to be erected in 26 several places of this Kingdom the number of them might very well be conformed unto the number of the several Rural Deanries into which every Diocese is subdivided which being done the Suffragan supplying the place of those who in the ancient Church were called Chorepiscopi might every moneth assemble a Synod of all the Rectors or Incumbent Pastors within the Precinct and according to the major part of their voyces coclude all matters that shall be brought into debate before them To this Synod the Rector and Church-wardens might present such impenitent persons as by admonitions and suspension from the Sacrament would not be reformed who if they should still remain contumacious and incorrigible the sentence of Excommunication might be decreed against them by the Synod and accordingly be executed in the Parish where they lived Hitherto also all things that concerned the Parochial Ministers might be referred whether they did touch their Doctrine or their conversation ' as also the censure of all new Opinions Heresies and Schismes which did arise within that Circuit with liberty of Appeal if need so require unto the Diocesan Synod III. The Diocesan Synod might be held once or twice in the year as it should be thought most convenient Therein all the Suffragans and the rest of the Rectors or Incumbent Pasters or a certain select number of of every Deanry within the Diocese might meet with whose consent or the major part of them all things might be concluded by the Bishop or Saperintendent call him whether you will or in his absence by one of the Suffragans whom he shall depute in his stead to be Moderator of that Assembly Here all matters of greater moment might be taken into consideration and the Orders of the monthly Synodes revised and if need be reformed and if here also any matter of difficulty could not receive a full determination it might be referred to the next Provincial or National Synod IV. The Provincial Synod might consist of all the Bishops and Suffragans and such other of the Clergy as should be elected out of every Diocese within the Province the Arch-Bishop of either Province might be the Moderator of this meeting or in his room some one of the Bishops appointed by him and all matters be ordered therein by common consent as in the former Assemblies This Synod might be held every third year and if the Parliament do then sit according to the Act of a Triennial Parliament both the arch-Arch-Bishops and Provincial Synods of the Land might joyn together and make up a National Councel wherein all Appeals from infer●●ur Synods might be received all their Acts examined and all Ecclesiastical Constitutions which concerne the state of the Church of the whole Nation established WE are of the judgement That the form of Government here proposed is not in any point repugnant to the Scripture and that the Suffragans mentioned in the second Proposition may lawfully use the power both of Jurisdiction and Ordination according to the Word of God and the practice of the ancient Church Ja. Armachanus Rich. Holdsworth AFter the proposal of this An. 1641. Many Quaeries were made and doubts in point of conscience resolved by the Primate divers passages of which he heth left under his own hand shewing his pious endeavours to peace and unity which how far it then prevailed is out of season now to relate only I wish it might yet be thought of to the repairing of the breach which this division hath made and that those who are by their Office Messengers of Peace and whose first word to cach house should be peace would earnestly promote it within the walls of their Mother-Church wherein they were educated and not thus by contending about circumstantials lose the substance and make our selves a prey to the adversary of both who rejoyce in their hearts saying So would we have it Which are the Primates works and which not A Catalogue of the Works already printed of Doctor James Usher late Arch-Bishop of Armagh and Primate of all Ireland which are owned by him In Latine DE Ecclesiarum Christianarum successione Statu Quarto Londini 1613. Epistolarum Hibernicarum Sylloge 4o. Dublinii 1630. Historia Goteschalci 4o. Dublinii 1631. De Primordiis Ecclesiarum Britanicarum 4o. Dublinii 1639. Ignatii Epistolae cum annotationibus 4o. Oxoniae 1645. De Anno Solari Macedonum 8o. Londini 1648. Annales Veteris Testamenti Fol. Londini 1650. Annales Novi Testamenti usque ad extremum Templi Reipublicae Judaicae excidium c. Fol. Londini 2654. Epistola ad Capellum de Variantibus textus Hebraici Lectionibus 4o. Londinii 1652. De Graeca Septuaginta Interpretum versione Syntagma 4o.

the Lord Primates Funeral but in truth he wrongs himself and our Church in those detractions from him A Letter of the late Arch-Bishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland to Doctor Bernard of Grayes Inne containing his judgement of the ordination of the Ministry in France and Holland I Received this following Letter from the late Arch-Bishop of Armagh not long before his death which at the desire of some prudent men and of different opinion in the subject of it I have been moved to publish which indced was committed to me by him for that end and I do it the rather now in regard somewhat hath been mistaken in the discourse of it to his prejudice on both sides So that without breach of trust I could no longer detain it The occasion of it was this there was given me by an Honourable person a writing containg a report raised of the said Arch-Bishop concerning his judgement of the ordination beyond the Sea which he prayed me to send unto him which is as followeth Mr. asked the Arch-bishop of Armagh upon occasion of an ordination what he thought of them that were ordained by Presbyters he said he judged their ordination to be null and looked on them as Lay-men He asked him what he conceived of the Churches beyond the Sea The Bishop answered he had charitable thoughts of them in France But as for Holland he questioned if there was a Church amongst them or not or words fully to that purpose This Dr. confidently reports This paper according to the earnest desire of the said person I sent inclosed to the Lord Primate being then out of Town from whom immediately I received this answer containing his judgement of the ordination of the Ministery of the reformed Churches in France and Holland as followeth Touching Mr. I cannot call to mind that he ever proposed unto me the Questions in your Letter inclosed neither do I know the Doctor who hath spread that report But for the matter it self I have ever declared my opinion to be That Episcopus Presbyter gradu tantum differunt non ordine and consequently that in places where Bishops cannot be had the ordination by Presbyters standeth valid yet on the other side holding as I do that a Bishop hath superiority in degree above a Presbyter you may easily judge that the ordination made by such Presbyters as have severed themselves from those Bishops unto whom they had sworne Canonical obedience cannot possibly by me be excused from being Schismatical And howsoever I must needs think that the Churches which have no Bishops are thereby become very much defective in their Government and that the Churches in France who living under a Popish power cannot do what they would are more excusable in this defect than the Low-Countries that live under a free State yet for the testifying my Communion with these Churches which I do love and honour as true Members of the Church Universal I do professe that with like affection I should receive the blessed Sacrament at the hands of the Dutch Ministers if I were in Holland as I should do at the hands of the French Ministers if I were in Charentone Some Animadvertisements upon the aforesaid Letter in prevention of any misinterpretations of it 1. WHereas in the former part of it he saith he hath ever declared his opinion to be c. I can witnesse it from the time I have had the happinesse to be known to him it being not as some possibly might suggest a change of judgement upon the occurrences of latter years 2. For that superiority onely in degree which he saith a Bishop hath above a Presbyter it is not to be understood as an arbitrary matter at the pleasure of men but that he held it to be of Apostolical institution and no more a diminution of the preheminencie and authority of Episcopacy than the denomination of lights given in common by Moses to all of them in the firmament Genes 1. detracts from the Sun Moon whom he calls the greater and were assigned of God to have the rule of the rest though the difference between them be onely graduall yet there is a derivative subordination as the preheminence of the first-born was but graduall they were all brethren but to him was given of God the excellency or supremacy of Dignity and power to him they must bow or be subject and he must have the rule over them And that this gradus is both derived from the pattern prescribed by God in the Old Testament where that distinction is found in the Title of the Chief Priest who had the rule of the rest called by the LXX 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and from the imitation thereof brought in by the Apostles and confirmed by Christ in the time of the New The Primate hath so fully confirmed in that learned Tractate of his of the Originall of Bishops which he hath deduced from the Apostolicall times that I know not what can be added And even for that higher gradus of a Metropolitan or Arch-Bishop to have been also Apostolicall he hath from the superscription of John to the seven Churches each of which Cities being Metropolitical and the rest of the Cities of Asia daughters under them given very strong probabilities hard to be gain-said unto which as an excellent comment upon this Letter I shall refer the Reader 3. That in this judgement of his he was not singular Doctor Davenant that pious and Learned Bishop of Salisbury consents with him in it in his determinations q. 42. produceth the principal pf the Schoolmen Gulielmus Parisiensis Gerson Durand c. Episcopatus non est ordo praecisè distinctus à sacerdotio simplici c. non est alia potestas ordinis in Episcopis quam Presbyteris sed inest modo perfectiori And declares it to be the generall opinion of the Schoolmen Episcopatum ut distinguitur à simplici sacerdotio non non esse alium ordinem sed eminentiorem quandam potestatem dignitatem in eodem ordine sacerdotali c. And as he grants the Bishop to have dignitatem altiorem potestatem majorem c. so doth the Primate in that he saith he hath a superiority in degree above a Presbyter and that the Churches which have no Bishops are thereby become very much defective in their Government Both of them being farre from a parity And whereas the Primate saith That in cases of necessity where Bishops cannot be had the Ordination by Presbyters standeth valid Bishop Davenaut concurres with him also That where Bishops were Heretical or idolatrous and refuse to ordain Orthodox Ministers that in such and the like cases he saith Si Orthodoxi Presbyteri ne pereat Ecclesia alios Presbyteros cogantur ordinare ego non ausim hujusmodi ordinationes pronuntiare irritas innanes c. Necessitas non inscitè lex temporis appellatur in tali casu defendat id ad quod coegit and produceth the opinion of Richardus

Armachanus one of this Primates Predecessors and one of the most Learned men in his time to be accordingly Armachani opinio est quod si omues Episcopi essent defuncti sacerdotes minores possunt ordinare applies it to the like Protestant Churches which the Primate mentions Hac freti necessitate si Ecclesiae quaedam protestantium quae ordinationes ab Episcopis Papistis expectare non poterant consensu Presbyterorum suorum Presbyteros ordinarunt non inde Episcopali dignitati praejudicasse sed necessitati Ecclesiae obtemperasse judicandi sint Thus much for Bishop Davenants concurrence to which divers others might be added as in speciall Doctor Richard Field sometimes Dean of Glocester in his Learned Book of the Church lib. 3. cap. 39. and lib. 5. cap. 27. where this judgement of the Primates and this concurrence of Bishop Davenants is largely confirmed without the least derogation from the preheminencie of Episcopacy But that book entituled The defence of the Ordination of the Ministers of the reformed Churches beyond the Seas maintained by Mr Arch-Deacon Mason against the Romanists who wrote also a defence of Episcopacy and of the Ministery of the Church of England is sufficiently known and I have been assured it was not onely the Judgement of Bishop Overal but that he had a principal hand in it He produceth many Testimonies The Master of the Sentences and most of the Schoolmen Bonaventure Tho. Aquinas Durand Dominicus Soto Richardus Armachanus Tostatus Alphonsus à Castro Gerson Petrus Canisius to have affirmed the same and at last quoteth Medina a principal Bishop of the Councel of Trent who affirmed That Jerome Ambrose Augustine Sedulius Primasius Chrysostome Theodoret Theophylact were of the same judgement also And I suppose there is none doubts but that the Primate joyned with Arch-Deacon Mason in that conclusive wish of his viz. That wherein the Discipline of France or Holland is defective they would by all possible means redresse and reform it and conforme themselves to the ancient custome of the Discipline of Christ which hath continued from the Apostles time that so they may remove all opinion of singularity and stop the mouth of malice it selfe In a word If the ordination of Presbyters in such places where Bishops cannot be had were not valid the late Bishops of Scotland had a hard task to maintain themselves to be Bishops who were not Priests for their Ordination was no other And for this a passage in the History of Scotland wrote by the Arch-Bishop of Saint Andrews is observable viz. That when tke Scots Bishops were to be consecrated by the Bishops of London Ely and Bath here at London house An. 1609. he saith A question was moved by Doctor Andrews Bishop of Ely touching the consecration of the Scottish Bishops who as he said must first be ordained Presbyters as having received no ordination from a Bishop The Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Doctor Bancroft who was by maintained That thereof there was no necessity seeing where Bishops could not be had the ordination given by the Presbyters must be esteemed lawfull otherwise that it might be doubted if there were any lawfull vocation in most of the reformed Churches This applauded to by the other Bishops Ely acquiesced and at the day and in the place appointed the three Scottish Bishops were consecrated by the above-said three English Bishops the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury forbearing for another cause there mentioned Now though the ordination of Presbyters in this case of necessity be granted to be valid yet I have heard this learned Primate wonder at the neglect found in the late Presbyterian way of ordation viz. That at imposition of hands they neither used the ancient form of words with which the first framers of it were themselves ordained nor used any other to that sence in their room at least there is no order or direction for it For suppose the words of our Saviour to the Apostles John 10. 21 21. at their ordination were scrupled at viz. Receive the holy Ghost whose sins thou dost forgive are forgiven and whose sins thou dost retain are retained which rightly understood gave no just cause yet why might not the next words have been continued viz. and be thou a faithfull dispenser of the word of God and of his holy Sacraments in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the holy Ghost or the other words upon the solemne delivery of the Bible into the hands of the person ordained Take thou authority to preach the word of God and to minister the holy Sacraments in the Congregation where thou shalt be so appointed I can imagine no cause against the use of one of these unlesse it be because they had been used there as if in this sense old things must be done away and all must be new To impose hands according to the injunction of the Apostle and to have it accompanied with prayer and thanksgiving for the person is well done wich in the former constitution was solemnly observed before and after it but why should the formal transmitting of Authority also in the name of Christ for the power of officiating be left undone if the scruple in the instrumental cause be satisfied why might it not have been prevented in the formall who might have freely given what they had received Now to give the seal of ordination as some please to call imposition of hands without any expresse commission annexed or grant of Authority to the person the Primate was wont to say seemed to him to be like the putting of a seale to a blanck which being so weighty a businesse I wish prudent men would consider of least in the future it arm the adversary with objections and fill our own with further scruples And so much far larger then I intended for the prevention of any offence which might be taken at the one part of the Letter Now for the other clause of his judgement which he leaves unto me to judge what in reason I might apprehend to be his I leave it accordingly to the judgement of others All that can give any offence is that term of Schisme But in regard it is not directly determined but onely that he could not be an Advocate to excuse it and being delivered in that Latitude that it is dubious whether forreigne to which the question chiefly relateth or domestick former times or latter may take the application I shall not offend the Reader with any larger Apology onely wherein any shall find themselves concerned I wish such humble and meek spirits that the admonition of so pious and eminent a Bishop whose fame is throughout the Churches might prevaile to the amendmeut of what hath been amisse among us If I have abounded beyond my measure to the hazard of the offence of both parties in these advertisements let it be excused by the impartiality of it and the unbyassed intention for the setling of truth and peace so shaken of later dayes The