Christians especially in the greater Cities so multiplied that they must needs be divided into many Congregations and those Congregations must necessarily have many Presbyters and those many Presbyters in the absence of the Apostles began to emulate each other and to make parties for their own advantage then as St. Ierome truly notes began the manifest and constant distinction betwixt the Office of Bishops and Presbyters to be both known and observed For now the Apostles by the direction of the Spirit of God found it requisite a d necessary for the avoyding of schisme and disorder that some eminent persons should every where be lifted up above the rest and ordained to succeed them in the ouer-seeing and ordering both the Church and their many Presbyters under them who by an eminence were called their Bishops Or as the word signifies Supervisors and Governours So as the Ministers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phil. 3.7 they 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for as the Offices so the names of Bishop and Deacon were of Apostolicall foundation These Bishops therefore were the men whom they furnished with their own ordinary power as Church-governors for this purpose Now the offi◠es grew fully distinct even in the Apostles daies and under their own hands although sometimes the names after the former use were confounded All the question then shortly is whether the Apostles of Christ ordained Episcopacie thus stated and thus fixedly-qualified with Imparitie and Iurisdiction For if we take a Bishop for a parochiall Pastor and a Presbyter for a Lay-elder as too many misconstrue the terms it were no lesse then madnesse to doubt of this Superioritie but we take Episcopacie in the proper and fore-defined sence and Presbyterie according to the only true and ancient meaning of the Primitive Church viz for that which we call now Priesthood the other is a meerly new and uncouth devise neither came ever within the Ken of antiquitie As for the further subdivision of this quarrell whether Episcopacy must be accounted a distinct Order or but a severall degree in the same Order there is heer no need for the present to enter into the discussion of it Especially since I observe that the wiser sort of our opposites are indifferent to both so that whichsoever you take may be granted them to be but Iuris humani And I cannot but wonder at the toughnesse of those other opposites which stand so highly upon this difference to have it meerly but a degree In the mean while never considering that those among the Pontificiall Divines which in this point are the greatest Patrons of this their fancy go all upon the ground of the Masse according to which they regulate and conforme their opinions therein First making all Ecclesiasticall power to have reference to the body of Christ Bellarm. de sacram Ord n. l. 1. c. 9. as Bellarmine fully then every Priest being able with them to make his Maker what possible power can be imagined say they to be above that The Presbyter therefore consecrating as well as the Bishop the Order in their conceit upon this ground can be but one So then these doughty Champions among us do indeed but plead for Baal whiles they would be taken for the only pullers of him down But for our selves taking order in that sense in which our Oracle of learning Bishop Andrewes Winton Epist ad Molin 1. ci es it out of the School qua potestas est ad actum specialem there can be no reason to deny Episcopacy to be a distinct order since the greatest detractors from it have granted the power of Ordination of Priests Deacons and of Imposition of hands for Confirmation to Bishops only They are Chamiers owne words Camer de Oe cumen Pontif. l. 10. c. 5. Accipere Episcopum novam potestatem Jurisdictionem non iverim inficias I cannot denie that a Bishop as such receiveth a new power and jurisdiction Moreover in the Church of England every Bishop receives a new Ordination by way of Eminence commonly called his Consecration which cannot be a void-Act I trow and must needs give more then a degree and why should that great and ancient Councell define it to be no lesse than sacriledge to put down a Bishop into the place of a Presbyter if it were only an abatement of a degree but howsoever this be yet if it shall appear that there was by Apostolicall Ordination such a fixed imparity and constant Iurisdiction amongst those who were intrusted with the teaching and governing Gods people that is of Bishops above the other Clergie as I have spoken we have what we contend for which whiles I see doubted I cannot but wonder with what eies men read St. Paul in his Epistles to Timothy and Titus Surely in my understanding the Apostle speaks so home to the point that if he were now to give direction to an English Bishop how to demean himselfe in his place he could not speak more fully to the execution of this sacred Office For I demand what it is that is stood upon but these two particulars the especiall power of Ordination and power of the ruling and censuring of Presbyters and if these two be not clear in the charge of the Apostle to those two Bishops one of Crete the other of Ephesus I shall yield the cause and confesse to want my senses §. 5. The clear Testimonies of Scripture especially those out of the Epistles to Timothy and Titus urged NOw because this is the main point that is stood upon and some wayward opposites are ready to except at all proofs but Scripture I shall take leave briefly to scan those pregnant Testimonies which I finde in those two Apostolicall Epistles and first Timothy is charged 1 Tim. 1.3 to charge the preachers of Ephesus that they teach no other Doctrine than was prescribed That they do not give heed to Fables and Genealogies If Timothy were an equall Presbyter with the rest those Teachers were as good as he what then had he to do to charge Teachers Or what would those Teachers care for his charge How equally apt would they be to charge him to keep within his own compasse and to meddle with his own matters It is only for Superiors to charge and inferiors to obey Secondly this charge S. Paul commits to Timothy to oversee and controll the unmeet and unseasonable doctrines of the Ephesian false teachers 1 Tim. 1.12 according to the prophecies which went before of him and that in opposing himselfe to their erroneous opinions he might war a good warfare This controlment cannot be incident into an equality In this charge therefore both given and executed however it pleased our Tileno-mastix in a scurrilous manner to jeer us upon the like occasion with a profecto erit pessimus Dominus Episcopus Paulus that S. Paul was an ill Lord Bishop I may truly say that both St. Paul and Timothy his disciple doth as truly Lord it heer in their
Episcopall power as those Bishops which they have abdicated 1 Tim. 3.8.9.10 Thirdly Timothy must prove and examine the Deacons whether they be blamelesse or not Whether they be so qualifyed as is by him prescribed and if they be found such must allow them to use the office of a Deacon and upon the good and holy use of it promote them to an higher degree How should this be done without a fixed Superiority of power Or what other than this doth an English Bishop 1 Tim. 3.15 Fourthly Timothy is encharged with these things in the absence of St. Paul that if he should tarry long he might know how to behave himself in the house of God which is the Church of the living God That is how to carry himself not in the Pulpit only but in Church government in admitting the Officers of the Ephesian Church This could not be meant of the duties of a meer Presbyter for what hath such an one to doe with the charges and Offices of his Equals par in parem c. Besides that house of God which is the Church wherin his behaving is so required is not some one private Congregation such an one were not fit for that style of the Pillar and ground of Truth but that famous Diocesan Church of Ephesus yea of Asia rather wherin there was the use of the variety of all those offices prescribed Neither may we think that Timothy was before after so much attendance of the blessed Apostle in his journeys ignorant of what might concerne him as an ordinary Minister it was therefore a more publique and generall charge which was now imposed upon him he therefore that knew how to behave himself in a particular Congregation must now know what carriage is fit for him as a Diocesan Fifthly Timothy must put the brethren that is 1 Tim. 4 6. the Presbyters in remembrance of the foreâ—old dangers of the last times and must oppose the false doctrine there specified with this charge Command and teach He must teach then himself he must command others to teach them Had he been only a simple Presbyter he might command and go without Now hee must command If our Lords Bishops do so much what do they more Sixthly 1 Tim. 5.1 Timothy is encharged with censures and prescribed how he must manage them towards old and yong Rebuke not an Elder roughly c. He is also to give charge conâ—erning the choyce carriage and maintenance of these widowes which must be provided for by the Church he hath power to admit some and to refuse others and to take order the Church be not charged unduely which a single Presbyter alone is not allowed to do even where their own Presbytery is on foot Seventhly Timothy must care and see that the Elders 1 Tim. 5.17 or Presbyters who are painfull in their callings be respectfully used and liberally maintained what is this to an ordinary Presbyter that hath no power of disposing any maintenance If every Presbyter had and no body over them to moderate it at what a passe would the quiet of the Church be Who would not repute himselfe to be most painfull if himselfe might be judge No it was the Bishops work that A thing that the Bishops once might well do when all the Presbyters were and so were all at first as of the Bishops family all the tiths and means of the Church comming in to him and he dispencing among the Priests and other Church-officers to every one his portion Now indeed as by the distinction of Parishes and since that by other events things are falne it is that which our Bishops indeed may endeavour and pray for but sure I am it is more than they can hope to do till God himselfe be pleased to amend it Eighthly 1 Tim. 5.19 Timothy was charged not to receive an accusation against an Elder or Presbyter but before two or three witnesses So then Timothy by his place might receive accusations against Presbyters How could he do so if he were but their equall Our Northerne paraclesis can tell us parium neutrum alteri subordinatur and paria non sunt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Scot. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 l. 1. c. 4. that fellowes cannot be subordinate witnesses must bee called before him in cases of such accusation How can this be without a Iurisdiction And when he findes a Presbyter manifestly faulty he may he must rebuke him before all that others also may fear Epiphan haere 75. That of Epiphanius is upon good ground therefore The Divine speech of the Apostle teacheth who is a Bishop and who a Presbyter in saying to Timothy Rebuke not an Elder c. How could a Bishop rebuke a Presbyter if he had no power over a Presbyter Thus he The evidence is so clear Camer in 1 Tim. 4. that Cameron himselfe cannot but confesse Nullus est dubitandi locus c. There can be no doubt saith he but that Timothy was elected by the Colledge of Elders to governe the Colledge of the Elders and that not w thout some authority but such as had meet limits Thus must thus might Timothy do even to Presbyters what could a Bishop of England do more And thus Cameron Though I cannot approve of his election by the Colledge that conceit is his own but the authoritie is yielded 1 Tim. 5.21 Ninthly Timothy is charged before God and the Lord Iesus Christ and the elect Angels to observe all these things without preferring one Presbyter before an other and doing nothing by partiality plainly therefore Timothy was in such place and authority as was capable of giving favour or using rigor to Presbyters what more can be said of ours 1 Tim. 5.22 Tenthly Timothy is charged to lay hands suddenly on no man he had therfore power of the imposition of hands On whom should he lay his hands for Ordination but on Presbyters and Deacons therefore he above Presbyters The lesse saith the Apostle to the Hebrews is blessed of the better Hâ—br 7.7 He laid hands then Yes but not alone say our Opposites My demand then is But why then should this charge be particularly directed to Timothy and not to more The Presbytery some construe to have laid hands on the ordained but the Presbytery so constituted as we shall hereafter declare but a meer Presbyter or many Presbyters as of his or their owne power never An Apostle did so to Timothy himselfe and Timothy as being a Bishop might do it but who or where ever any lesse than he Neither doth the Apostle say lend not thine hand to be laid on with others but appropriates it as his own act whereas then our Antitilenus tells us the question is not whether this charge were given to Timothy but whether to Timothy alone me thinks he might easily have answered himselfe Doth St Paul in this act joyne any with him were there not Elders good store at Ephesus before Could they have
Alexandria took upon him ordain Presbyters for this he was convented in the generall Councell before Hosius and other Bishops and with deserved checks remanded to keep within his own Tether and a Nullity pronounced of those his misordained Ischiras who pretended to be one of those his mis-made Presbyters was in his Administration of the blessed Sacrament whiles he had the holy Cup in his hand violently opposed and that upon the instigation of Athanasius by Macarius He complains there of a sacrilegious assault about an hundred Bishops are assembled in Aegypt Ischiras himself is convented his Ordination examined and he found to be no Presbyter because only ordained by a Presbyter he is sent away without remedy with a devestitute from his pretended Orders and together with all his fellows turned down to the Laick form Quo pacto igitur Presbyter Ischiras aut quo tandem authore constitutus Athanas apolog 2. Perpet govetâ—â—â— c 13. The equity of the sact is so clear saith this Apologist for Athanasius that no man ever thought it could be doubted of An history as our learned Bishop well observes so much the more considerable for that it carries in it the universall consent of the whole Primitive Church whose abridgement that holy Councell was which was after repeated and seconded by the Synode of Alexandria Much of the same kinde is that commonly noted story of the Councell of Civill A Bishop who had sore eyes Concil Hispalen 2 c. â—5 being to ordain Priests and Deacons laid his hands on them but caused his Chaplain a Presbyter that stood by to supply his eyes by reading the words of their Ordination and Benediction The Councell questioned the fact censured it of bold presumption and usurpation and would have censur'd the man if his death had not prevented them and concluded Tales merito c. Those men are worthy to be discarded because they were wrongfully made What need I presse the history of Musaeus and Eutichianus whose Ordinations were also in this manner rescinded and nullified by the Councell of Sardica Or that of the great Councell of Constantinople concerning Maximus or out of Sozomon the proceedings against Elpidius Eustathius Basilius Eleusius for their mis-ordination of Presbyters this peculiar act was a thing so universally both granted to and practised by Bishops that in vain shall we search through all antiquity for an instance of any regular performance to the contrary Neither can the opposites hope to finde shelter under that noted text of St. Pauls to Timothy 1 Tim. 4 14. Calvin Instit lib. 4. cap. 3. Neglect not the gift that is in the c. by the imposition of hands of the Presbytery when Calvin himself interprets the place not of the men but of the office following herein Jerome and Anselme Haimo Lyra and others referring it to the gift not to the hands whose reason also is more strong than his authority For if Timothy were ordained by a Presbytery then by more than one but St. Paul in another place saith that his hands and no other were imposed on Timothy And if more hands were required to this service it had been as easie for the Apostles to have encharged it upon the Presbytery as upon Timothy Little did Calvin think of the double Presbytery of Tileno-mastix Paracl c. 5 when he gave this interpretation of St. Pauls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But if either the Apostles then or the Bishops since have had other hands laid upon the ordained together with theirs as the rule and practise of the Church of England is yet fain would I see where ever it can be read that Presbyteâ—s without a Bishop in a regular course imposed hands for Ordination §. 16. Power of Jurisdiction appropriated to the Bishops from the first THus for Ordination the case is plain I speak it confidently it is more plaine if more may be for power of Jurisdiction It is for a Timothy or Titus Bishops to receive accusations against Presbyters or to reject them not for one Presbyter against another It is the charge laid upon Presbyters by more than one ancient Councell or single Father to do nothing at all without the consent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Bishop We have heard it from holy Ignatius and from the Apostolike Canons we may hear it when we please from the holy Martyr St. Cyprian Conc. Carthag Câ—nc Gangr Conc. Antioch from the 2 Councell of Carthage from the Councell of Gangra from the Councel of Antioch yea let me say Those ancient restrictions were such as if they should be now urged upon our inferiour Clergie they would be cried down for in tollerably Tyrannicall It was in the Bishops power to raise the Clergie from one degree to another neither might they refuse his designations They might not remove from one Diocese to another wiâ—hout his consent which is still laudably continued in that the testimony of the Ordinary still is required or if they did the Bishop had power to recall them They might not so much as travell from one Diocese to another without his Reverendae much lesse might they fixe there or if they did the act was reversible by the Diocesan for the particulars whereof I referre my Reader to our learned Doctor Downham Defence 2 part Ch. 5. who is very large in this subject As for matter of censure wherein the proof of Jurisidiction mainly consisteth how particularly was this ever managed by Episcopall power and that not only in case of Excommunication of Laicks which hath wont of old to be therefore called Mucro Episcopi for as for that giddy conceit of the whole Churches interposition and act Vivald Câ—â— dâ—labr in these Sentences which our Tileno-mastix stands upon it is long since cried down not by Calvin only but even by our late Separatists amongst whom this case hath been throughly Sifted but even of Correction Excommunication deposition of Clerks Conc. Agath c 1. de contumac Clericis Conc. Agath c. 2. de Episcopis qui pro minimis causis excommunicant Conc. Sardiâ— c. 16. de clericorum excommunicatione Conc Ephes 6.5 Conc. Chalc. c. 23. Conc. Antioch c 4. Cypr. l. Ep. 9. Deacons and Presbyters Correction so the Councell of Agatha Excommunication so the Councell of Sardica the Councell of Ephesus the Councell of Chalcedon Deposition so the Councell of Antioch So Arrius was deposed by Bishop Alexander Eutyches by his Diocesan So the holy Martyr Cyprian in that famous Epistle to R gatianus tells him That he being a Bishop and abused by his Deacon might by the vigour of Episcopacy and Authority of his chair proceed in censure of such Contumacy and advises if the offender hold on to exercise upon him potestatim honoris the power of his honour and either to depose or excommunicate him And yet who dares say that our blessed Martyr was proudly Tyrannicall and not holily zealous in observation of lawfull discipline And lastly for it were easie
to CHRIST that they depend upon him as their only head c. then surely if there shall be any that shall not submit themselves to that Hierarchie reverently and with the greatest obedience that may be I confesse there is no Anathema of which they are not worthy Thus he in the treatise of the necessity of reforming the Church Do you heare your Doome from your owne Oracle Loe such and no other was that Hierarchie wherein you lately bore a part and which you have now condemned make account therefore of the merit and danger of Calvins just Anathema Interea tamen Ecclesiae authoritatem vel pastâ—rum Superintendentium quibus Ecclesiae râ—gendae provinâ—â—a mandata est sublatam nâ—lumus Fatemur ergo Episcopos sivâ— Pastores râ—vâ—renter auâ—iendos quaâ—enus pro suae functionis ratione verbum Dei docent Confess Fidei nomine Gall. Eccles Yet againe the same Authour in his Confession of Faith written in the name of all the French Churches speaking of the depraved estate of the Roman Church then in the fieri of Reforming plainly writes thus Interea tamen Yet in the meane time we would not have the Authority of the Church or of those Pastors or Superintendents to whom the charge of Governing the Church is committed taken away we confesse therefore that these Bishops or Pastors are reverently to be heard so farre forth as according to their function they teach the Word of God And yet more plainly Sanè si veri Episâ—opi essent aliquid iis in hac parte auth ritatis tribuerem non qua tum sibi postâ—lant sed quantum ad politiam Ecclesiae ritè ord nandam requiritur Calv. Instit l. 4. c. 10. Certainely saith hee speaking even of Popish Bishops if they were true Bishops I would yeeld them some authority in this Case not so much as themselves desire but so much as is required to the due ordering of the Policie or Government of the Church Lastly for it were easie to heap up this measure in an Epistle of his wherein the question is purposely discussed what is to be done if a Popish Bishop shall be converted to the reformed Religion he so determines it That it is fit such an one first renounce his Popish power of sacrificing and professe to abstaine from all the superstitions and foedities of the Romish Religion then that he must doe his utmost endeavour that all the Churches which belong to his Bishopricke may be purged from their Errours and Idolatrie and at last concludes that both his possessions and authority too should be left him By vertue whereof he must take order that the Ministers under him do duly preach Gods Word as himselfe also must doe Thus he wisely and moderately Not first of all stripping him of his Episcopall power and discharging all his Clergie of their respects and obedience to him and reducing him to the rank of the meanest Plebeian Presbyter as some hot heads would have done You heare how judicious and moderate Calvins opinion was then and had he been in your late pretended Assembly at Glasgow or this of Edinburgh what vote he would have given Had he had the casting voice your Coat had not been cast for him How happy were it for your Churches if all among you who so much honour his name would as readily submit to this his judgement Sure I am had it been so with you you had been as far from defying Episcopacie in holy professors as you are now from truth and peace § 3. The judgement of the German Reformers concerning the retaining of Episcopacie ANd that the French Reformers may not herein bee thought to goe alone take notice I beseech you what the Germane Divines of the Ausburgh-Confession have freely professed to this purpose Who taking Occasion to speake of Canonicall Ordination break forth into these words following Sed Episcopi c. But the Bishops say they do either force our Priests to disclaime and condemne this kind of Doctrine which we have here Confessed or by a certaine new and unheard of kind of Cruelty put the poore and innocent soules to death These causes are they which hinder our Priests from receiving their Bishops so as the crueltie of the Bishops is the Cause why that Canonicall Government or Policie Quam nos magnopere conservare cupiebamus which we earnestly desired to conserve is in some places now dissolved And not long after in the same Chapter Prorsus hic iterum c. And now here again we desire to testifie it to the world that we will willingly Conserve the Ecclesiasticall and Canonicall government if only the Bishops will cease to exercise Cruelty upon our Churches This our will shall excuse us before God and before all the world unto all posterity that it may not be justly imputed unto us that the Authority of Bishops is impayred amongst us when men shall heare and read that we earnestly deprecating the unjust cruelty of the Bishops could obtaine no equall measure at their hands Thus those learned Divines and Protestants of Germany wherein all the world sees the Apologist professeth for them that they greatly desired to conserve the government of Bishops that they were altogether unwillingly driven from it that it was utterly against their heart that it should have beene impaired or weakened That it was onely the personall crueltie and violence of the Romish Persecutors in a bloody opposition to the doctrine of the Gospell which was then excepted against To the same purpose is that Camer in vita Melancth which Camerarius reports concerning those two great Lights of Germany Melancthon and Luther That Philip Melancthon not only by the consent but the advice of * Who professeth also so much in the Smalcaldian Articles Art 10. Luther perswaded the Protestants of that time that if Bishops would grant free use of the true doctrine their ordinary power and administration over their severall Dioeceses should be restored unto them And the same Melancthon in an Epistle to Luther hath thus Melanct. Epist Luthero You do not believe in how great hatred I am both with the Noricians and I know not whom els for restoring to the Bishops their jurisdiction and in a most true censure in his history of the Augustan Confession Melanct. Camerario hist Confâ—s August per Chytraeum Hoc autem malè habet quosdam immoderatiores reddi jurisdictionem restitui politiam Ecclesiasticam This saith he troubles certaine immoderate men that jurisdiction is re-delivered to the Bishops Buc. de Regno Christi He that desires to see more testimonies of this kinde I refer him to the Survay of Discipl chap. 8. and their Ecclesiasticall policie restored As for Bucer he is noted and confessedly acknowledged for a favourer of Religious Episcopacie See now I beseech you how willing these first reformers were to maintaine and establish Episcopall government how desirous to restore it how troubled that they might not continue
our Bishop differs from Calvins namely in a setled imparity and a perpetuity of jurisdiction Give me therefore such a Pastor as shall be ordained a perpetuall Moderator in Church affairs in a fixed imparity exercising Spirituall Iurisdiction out of his owne peculiarly demandated Authority this is the Bishop whom we contend for and whom they oppose I do well see therefore how we may make a shorter cut of this controversie than hath formerly been made by others whose large discourses upon the importune Angariation of others hath been learnedly spent upon the names and titles of a Bishop and Presbyter upon the extent of their first charge whether Parochiall or Diocesan And upon the difference and priority of those Limitations since the only thing that displeaseth in Episcopacy is their majority above Presbyters which is pretended should be only a priority of Order not a superiority of degree and their power of jurisdiction over Presbyters for yield these by a due ordination to a prime pastor for a constant continuance you make him a Bishop denie these to a Bishop you make him no other than a plain Presbyter our only labour therefore must be to make good these two points and to evince that imparity in the Governours of the Church and the power of Episcopall Iurisdiction is not of any lesse than Apostolicall and divine Institution to which Task we now addresse our selves 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. §. 2. Church government begun by our Saviour in a manifest imparity WE begin with our undertaken issues and shall show that this imparitie of government and Epiâ—copall Iurisdiction was founded by Christ and erected by his Apostles both by their practise and recommendation Who sees not then a manifest imparitie in our Saviours owne choice in the first gathering of his Churâ—h wherein his Apostles were above his other Disciples the twelve above the 70 above them in priviledges and especially in the immediatenesse of their calling above them in their Masters respects above them in gifts and in the power of their dispensation above them in Commission above them in miraculous operations Even those 70 were Ministers of the Gospel but those twelve were even as it were the Patriarks of the Church noted still by an article of Eminence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The twelve others were labourers in the work these were master-builders as St. Paul to his Corinthes others might heal by their touch these by their very shadow Others had the holy Ghost these gave it Philip was an Evangelist he preached he wrought miracles he converted and baptized the Samaritans yet till Peter and Iohn came down and prayed and laid their hands on them Act. 8.14.15 they recived not the holy Ghost And how plain is it that such honorable regard was given to the Twelve that when one room fell voyd by the Treason of Iudas Hier. de script Eccles it must by the direction of the Spirit of God be made up by an election out of the 70. Had it not been an higher preferment to have been an Apostle wherefore was that scrutiny and choyce What do I urge this point He never read Scripture that can doubt of it wherefore did the chosen vessell stand so highly upon the challenge of his Apostleship if he had not known it to be a singular honour And how punctually doth he marshall up as some divine Herald the due rankes of Ecclesiasticall offices First Apostles 1 Cor 12.28 Secondly Prophets Thirdly Teachers then those that do miracles after that the gifts of healing helps in governing diversity of Tongues but perhaps you will not be so illiberall as to deny the Apostles a precedency of honour in the Church how can you and bee a Christian But you sticke at their Iurisdiction Here was nothing but equality true an equality among themselves pari consortu praediti et honoris et potestatis as Cyprian truly but a superiority of power in them all and in each of them over the rest of the members of Christs Church Verily I say unto you saith our Saviour Matth. 19 2â— ye that have followed me in the Regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory ye shall also sit upon twelve Thrones judging the twelve Tribes of Isarel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Regeneration That is as Cameron very well interprets it Camer in locum in the Renovation of the Church for under the state of the Gospel the Church was as new born and made anew according to that of St. Paul All things are become new alluding to the Prophet Isaiah who to this sence Behold saith he I create new heavens and a new earth Esa 65.17 and the former shall not bee remembred nor come into minde And Beza himself though he make a difference in the pointing and thereby in the Construction yet grants that according to his second sense the preaching of the Gospell by Christ and his messengers is meant by this regeneration Quia tum veluti de integro conditus est mundus because then the world was as it were made anew So as then was the time when the Sonne of man began to bee exalted to the Throne of his glory both in earth and in Heaven And then should the Twelve that had forsaken all for him enjoy all in him Then should they sit on twelve Thrones and judge the twelve Tribes of Israel What are the twelve Tribes of Israel but the whole Church of God For whereof did the first Christian Church consist but of converted Iewes And whâ—ther did our Saviour bend all his allusions but to them Num. 1.16 They had their twelve Princes of the Tribes of their Fathers heads of the thousands of Israel Nu. 11.16.17 They had their seventy Elders to bear the burden of the people The Son of God affects to imitate his former Polity and therefore chooses his twelve Apostles and 70 Disciples o tgather and sway his Evangelicall Church The twelve Tribes then are the Church The twelve Apostles must be their Iudges and governours Their siitting showes authorâ—tie Their sitting on Thrones eminence of power their sitting on twelve Thrones equalitie of their Rule their sitting to judge power and exercise of Iurisdiction their sitting to judge the twelve Tribes of Israel the universalitie of their power and jurisdiction And what Iudgement could this be but Ecclesiasticall and Spiritual for civill rule they challenged not and what Thrones but Apostolicall and by their derivation Episcopall Who knowes not how ordinary that stile is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 we finde it even in Aerius himself Epiphan haere 75. And if the Apostles seat was his Throne and the Bishops succeeded the Apostles in those seats who can deny them this power of Spirituall judicature and jurisdiction To the same purpose is that of S. Augustine Aug. de Civit. dei 1. 20. who upon the words of S. Iohn I saw seats and some sitting on them
ordained without him what need was there of this charge to be laid on Timothy Be there then what Elders soever their hands without a Timothy will not serve his without theirs might To his own if at any time he joyned theirs what else do all Bishops of England This concerning Timothy We come next to Titus and his charge from St. Paul Titus 1. ◠to set in order the things that were left yet undone in the large Isle of Crete or as is now called Candia A populous Island and stored with no lesse than an hundred Cities whence it had the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and to ordain Elders or Presbyters in every of those Cities as he had been appointed by the Apostle Lo the whole Diocese of Crete is committed to his oversight Not some one parish in it And what must he do Two things are injoined him To ordain Ministers and to correct disorders 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 To correct as Beza turnes it not amisse or as Erasmus pergas corrigere with an intimation of his former service that way where that the extent of the work may be noted Eccles 1.15 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Hebrew comprehends both things amisse and things wanting So as the businesse of Titus was as of a good Bishop both to rectifie and reform those things which were offensive and by new orders made to supply those matters which were yet defective As for the Ordination it was not of some one Presbyter that wanted to make up the number but it was universall throughout that whole Island 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 per civitates or as we in every City even through the whole hundred and not one Presbyter in each but as the occasion might be many in every one The Diocese was large the Clergie numerous §. 6. Some elusions of these Scriptures met with and answered THe elusion of some not mean Opponents have devised that these acts were injoined to Titus as by way of Societie and partnership with the Presbytery so as that he should join with them in these duties of correction and Ordination is so palpable and quite against the hair that I cannot think the authours of it can beleeve themselves Had the Apostle so meant he could as easilie have expressed it and have directed his charge to more Titus alone is singled out now if it were in the power of every Presbyter to doe those things without him what needed this weight to have been laid on his shoulders alone And if the charge were that he must urge and procure it to be done By what authoritie And if he had authority either without or above them it is that we strive for And now I beseech you what doth any Bishop of England challenge more as Essentiall to his place than power of Ordination and power of correction of disorders Titus 1.11 Secondly It is also the charge given to Titus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to stop the mouthes of those false teachers who broach doctrines they ought not for filthy lucres sake and to passe sharpe censures upon them what can do this but Episcopall authority Tit. 3 10 Thirdly Again it is the charge upon Titus A man that is an Heretick after the first and second admonition reject So then it is to Titus it belongs to proceed against erroneous teachers to judge of heresie to give formall admonitions to the heretick to cast him out of the Church upon his Obstinacy Can any man suppose it to be for a meer Presbyter to make such a judiciall processe against hereticks or to eject them out of the Church would not they have return'd it upon him with scorne and derision Or what is spirituall Iurisdiction if power to do this be not To summe up all therefore it is no other than our present Episcopall power that by the blessed Apostle is committed to Timothy and Titus and that with so cleare Evidence that for my part I do not more fully beleeve there were such men than they had such power and these warrants to execute it It is a poor shift of some That Timothy and Titus were Evangelists and therefore persons extraordinary and not in this behalfe capable of succession For what ever they were in their personall qualifications yet here they stood for Bishops and received as Church-governors these charges which were to be ordinary and perpetuall to all that should succeed in Ecclesiasticall administration As for the title How will it appeare they were Evangelists For Titus there is no colour For Timothy it is true St. Paul charges him to do the worke of an Evangelist What of that That might imply as well that he was not indeed in that particular office which yet Saint Paul would have him supply howsoever Scot. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 l. 1. c. 5. and no doubt he did so So he did the worke of the Lord as St Paul did and yet not an Apostle He that jeeres this answer might know that the implication of the word is as large for both who knowes not the promiscuous use of these termes As well may they say he was a Doctor because he is bidden to teach and yet these Offices are challenged for distinct Or a Deacon because he is charged with a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 What is it to do the work of an Evangelist but to preach the Evangelium pacis the Gospel of peace which he might he must do as a Bishop and what propriety is there of these injoined workes to an Evangelist as he was an Evangelist What can they shew it was his office to ordain or to censure nay rather how should those works which are constant and ordinarie and so consequentlie derivable to all successions to the end of the world be imposed upon a meer extraordinarie agent neither is there any opposition at all in these terms they might be Evangelists whiles they were in their journey attending on the Apostles and preaching abroad they might be and were Bishops when they were setled upon the charge of some Territorie or province But saith our Tileno-mastix Four yeers after Saint Paul had given this charge of Episcopacie to Timothy there was an equalitie of Presbyters at Ephesus they were all convented and no news of Timothy as their Bishop poorly when the Sun shines what use is there of the Stars when Saint Paul was present Act. 20. his greater light extinguishes the lesse what need any mention of Timothy Or why may not I take upon me to affirme a more likely that Saint Paul who had associated Timothy with him in six severall Epistles would also call him as his Assessor in this his last Exhortation to his Presbyters Neither can wee be flouted out of that Construction of the late learned Bishops Barlow and Buckeride of In quo vos spiritus sanctus constituit Episcopos that these Elders were indeed Bishops such as whereof Timothy was one such as
of power a Priority of Presidencie for the time not personall Beza yields him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as he acknowledges Justine Martyr to call him President of the Presbytery imo ne perpetuum q. istud 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 munus esse necessario opportuisse but perhaps not perpetuall wherein I blesse my self to see how prejudice can blinde the eyes of the wise and learned for what Author in the whole world ever mentioned such a fashion of ambulatory Government in the Church And do not our Histories testifie that Polycarpus the Angel of Smyrna dyed Bishop there that Onesimus by Ignatius his testimony so continued Bishop of Ephesus James at Ierusalem and of these errors taxed by the holy Ghost were but for the time of a shifting Presidencie why should any one of the momentany guides of the Churches be charged so home with all the abuses of their Iurisdiction How easie had it been for him to shift the fault as hee did the chair for how could it concerne him more then the next men surely this conceit is more worthy of pity than Confutation No indifferent Reader can looke upon that Scripture and not confesse it a strained Construction Here then were certainly both Continuance and Iurisdiction Wherein Parker braves our learned Docter Field as relying meerely upon the proofs of humane authority but that worthy Divine had he insisted upon the point which hee but touched in the way could easily out of the very Text it self have evicted the Angels power and Iurisdiction for how plain is it that the Angell of Ephesus had taken the Examination of the counterfeit Apostles and found them lyers which if a meer Presbyter had undertaken to do to bee sure hee had been shaken off with scorn enough It is imputed to the Angell of the Church of Pergamus that however himself in his own person held constant to the Faith yet that there were those under his charge who held the doctrine of Balaam the beastly errours of the Nicolaitans lhey were of his Clergie that taught these wicked Doctrines And for this the Bishop is texed and menaced how should this be if he had not had a coe cive power to restraine and punish them And more plainly the Angell of the Church of Thyatyra notwithstanding all his good parts graces services is sharply taxed What is his fault Revel 2.26 That thou sufferest the woman Iezabel who calleth herself a prophetesse to teach and seduce my servants c. Were he but an Ordinary Presbiter unarmed with power how could he helpe it Or why should he be charged with what he could not redresse Let an ingenuous reader now judge whether these bee not more than probabilities of a Supereminent and Iurisdictive power in these speciall Angels of the Asian Churches Shortly then upon these clear passages of Saint Paul and Saint Iohn meeting with the grounds laid by our blessed Saviour I am for my part so confident of the Divine Institution of the Majority of Bishops above Presbiters that I dare boldly say there are weighty points of faith which have not so strong evidence in holy Scriptures Let me instance in that power which we that are Evangelicall Ministers have by the vertue of our sacred Ordes given to us alone for the Consecration and distribution of the holy Eucharist a point not more highly than justly stood upon by all Orthodox Divines yea Christians What warrant can we challenge for this right but our Saviours practise And with all that speech of his to his Disciples Luke 22.20 Do this in remembrance of me Now if this Hoc facite shall be taken as it is by some as not spoken of the Consecration or benediction but of the receit what warrant had the Apostles and all their holy successors in the Church of God ever since to enjoyne and appropriate this sacred worke to none but those that are Presbyters by Ordination The receiving of Infants to holy Baptisme is a matter of so high consequence that we justly Brand our Catabaptists with heresie for denying it yet Let me with good assurance say that the evidences for this truth come farre short of that which the Scriptures have afforded us for the superiority of some Church-governors over those who otherwise indeed in a sole respect of their ministeriall function are equall He therefore that would upon pretence of want of Scriptures quarrell at the divine Institution of Bishops having so evident and unavoydable Testimonies might with much better colour cavill at those blessed Ordinances of God which the whole Church hath thought her self bound upon sufficient reason to receive and reverence §. 8. The estate and order of Episcopacy deduced from the Apostles to the Primitive Bishops DId not the holy Scriptures yield unto these firme grounds whereon to build our Episcopacy in vain should we plead the Tradition and practise of the Church ever since for as much as we have to deal with those who are equally disaffected to the name of a Bishop and to Tradition and are so fore-stalled with their own prejudice that they are carried where Scripture is silent to an unjust jealousie against the universall practise of the whole Church of God upon earth But now when Christ and his Apostles give us the text well may the Apostolicall and universall Church yield us the Commentary And that let me boldly say is so clear for us that if our Opposites dare stand to this triall the day is ours their gultinesse therfore would fain decline this barre Tertull. de prescrip c. 24 25. Parker taking advantage from a word of Tertullian Nihil interest quando quid sit quod ab Apostolis non fuit It matters not when any thing is which was not under the Apostles that is Adulterine what ever it be that is not named by the Apostles inferres What then It matters not when the Episcopall Hierarchy began whether sooner or later Qi d igitur Nihil interest c. l. 2. c. 8. it is enough that it is Adulterine for that it is not named by the Apostles And contrarily it matters no whit at what time the reformed dis ipline was impayred whether in the very first Church or no or whether in the time immediatly succeeding Thus he And shall we take him at his word Where then did the Apostles name this mans Consistory Where his Lay-changable Presbytery Where his Discipline It is therefore Adulterine As also Where name they the peoples voyce in their Ministers Election where Classes or Synods Are all these adulterine For us we are not concerned in this Censure Our Episcopacy is both named and recommended and prescribed by the Apostles As for his discipline seeing it never came within the mention either of an Apostle or of any Christian for above fifteen hundred yeers since our Saviour left the world what can that be but grosly adulterine But to make up all Parker should have done well to have taken notice of the following words of
and that in the Character of it it much resembles that to the Hebrews This noble monument that you may not doubt how it came so late to our hands was by Cyrill the late worthy Patriarch of Constantinople sent out of his Library of Alexandria whence he removed to our gracious Soveraign of Great Brittain for a precious Present as that which was by the hand of S. Tecla her self transcribed and placed at the end of the old and new Testament fairely by her written in the same Character A Present worth too much Gold And if any man do yet misdoubt his eyes may informe him by the view of it in so well his Majesties Library where it is kept and out of a desire of more publique good was lately set forth by the learned searcher of Antiquities Mr. Patrick Yong the worthy Keeper of his Majesties Library But if any man shall hope to elude this Testimony by taking advantage of the only mention of Presbyters and Deacons in the foregoing passages let him know this was onely according to the occasion of the writing of that Epistle and withall let him consider who wrote it Even Clement Bishop of Rome whether the first as some of the ancient or the third as others after Saint Peter a difference not hard to be reconciled and therefore how little danger there is of his favouring a parity in that sacred Administration §. 11. The pregnant and full testimonies of the holy Saint and Martyr Ignatius urged AFter him what better and more convincing authority can we appeal unto than that of holy Ignatius the famous Martyr of Christ whose memory is justly precious to the whole Church of God to this very present age that Miracle of Martyrs who called his fetters Christ's chains of Spirituall pearls who when he was to be throwne to the wilde beasts for the profession of Christ could boast 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Hier. Catalog Script Eccles that he should set to the world as the Sunne that he might rise to God and when he heard the Lyons rooring I am said he Christ's Wheat Oh let me be ground with the teeth of wilde beasts that may be found pure bread for my God make much of these wilde beasts that they may become my Sepulcher that nothing my be left of my body c. I had rather dye for Christ then raigne over the whole world This blessded Saint in all those confessedly-genuine Epistles which he wrote Seaven in number still so beats upon this point as if religion depended upon it Reverence and Obedience to their Bishops This man lived in the dayes of the Apostles conversed with them and in likely-hood saw Christ in the flesh being martyred in the Eleventh yeere of Trajan according to Baronius and therefore throughly acquainted with the state of Gods Church in the Apostles time and his own and should in this name be more to us then a thousand witnesses Eevery word of his is worthy to carry our hearts along with him Heare then what he saith in his Epistle ad Trallianos Be subject to your Bishop Ignat. Epist ad Trall 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as to the Lord for he watcheth for your soules And streight Necessary it is that whatsoever ye doe ye should doe nothing without your Bishop But be ye subject also to your Priests as to the Apostles of Christ See what a distance here is whereas other of the Fathers compare the Bishops to the Apostles Presbyters to the 70 disciples this man advanceth his patterne higher requiring obedience to Bishops as to Christ to Presbyters as to the Apostles And what proportion is there betwixt the respects we owe to God and to man And a while after yet higher The Bishop saith he Ibid. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. bears the resemblance of God the Father of all things The Priests are as the bench of his Apostles c. And lest any man should construe these words to sound onely of a generality of reverent respects without yeelding of any power of command Soone after he speaks home for what other saith he is a Bishop then he that is superiour to all principality and power Pag. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. and as far as a mans power may reach made an Imitator of the Christ of God And what is the Presbytery or Priest-hood but an holy company the the Counsellors and Assessors of the Bishop and what the Deacons but the Imitators of the Angelicall powers which give him pure and unblameable attendance What say ye now to this ye Patrons of Paritie in Church-government How do yee think your opinion consorts with this blessed Saint the holy partner of the Apostles Here ye have the three distinct Orders of Bishops Priests or Presbyters and Deacons Here you have a cleare and constant Superiority of Bishops above Priests with no lesse difference then betweene a Prince and his Councell-bord above Deacons no lesse then betweene a Prince and his attendants And this delivered according to the received judgement and practise of the Primitive Church The testimony is too pregnant to be eluded And yet wel-fare a friend in a corner Nico Vedelius because he sees the witnesse so cleare that he cannot be shifted off charge him with corruption and subordination pretending that sure these words are foysted in he knows not how into the Text we are yet beholding to him for asserting the truth and legitimation of these seven Epistles of our Martyr which Coke and Parker and Antitilenus being netled with their unavoydable evidences durst cry downe for bastardy whom I leave to be throughly Schooled by Chamier Rivitus Crit Secr. Vedel Apol. exercit Videlius By whom out of all antiquity they are sufficiently vindicated to the shame of the injurious accusers It is out of my way to follow this Chase but herein Videlius playes his part that those passages which he finds in these confessedly Authentique Epistles most convictive for our purpose He would faine challenge to be corrupted And why so Surely saith he these words of Principality and power ascribed to Bishops doe not savour of that golden age of the Apostles wherein Ignatius lived when Episcopacy was not Imperium potestas a rule and power but a service rather And why not both As if excellency of dignity could not consist with humility of Officiousnesse What else doth our Saviour imply in his charge he that is greatest amongst you let him be your servant their glory like as their Saviours Kingdome was not of this world Spirituall greatnesse may well agree with outward lowlinesse 1 Cor. 2.3 4. 1 Thess 1.5 St. Paul matcheth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 weakenesse and power and even whiles he was Tent-making could speak of his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And why should this phrase be here seized upon suspition rather then in other passages of holy Ignatius where
holyes Our Martyr goes on In his Epistle to those of Smyrna he is Ignat ad Smyr 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Pag 16 11 if it be possible more punctuall Follow your Bishop saith he as Christ did his Father and the Colledge of Priests as his Apostles reverence your Deacons as ministring according to the command of God Let no man without the Bishop do any of those things which appertains to the Church Let that Eucharist be held right and unquestionable which is done by the Bishop or by such an one as he shall allow Where the Bishop shall appear there let the multitude assemble as where Christ is there all the heavenly hoast stands by him c. It is not lawfull without the Bishop to baptize nor to offer c. And soon after 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Honour God as the Author and Lord of all things and your Bishop as the chief Priest bearing the image of God of God I say as chief and of Christ as Priest c. Neither is there any thing greater in the Church than the Bishop who is consecrated to God for the salvation of the world neither is there any among the Princes like to the King who procures peace and equity to his subjects c. And anone Let all your things be done in decent order in Christ Let your Laicks be subject to the Deacons Pag. 48. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â— the Deacons to the Priests or Presbyters the Presbyters to the Bishop the Bishop to Christ as he to his Father Could he speak plainer Lo saith Vedelius and our Scotus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 this savours not of the age of Ignatius in whose time no such distinction as of the Clergie and Laity was on foot Weakly suggested Had they but read our Clement Clem. ad Corinth in his fore-recited Epistle to the Corinthians they had soon eaten this word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith he to the Priests their proper place is assigned The Laickes have their services 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A Lay-man is bound to lay Ordinances But I may not so far hinder my way as to make excursions to meet with Cavills if any man be disposed to accept I am ready to give him full satisfaction in a meet season 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In his Epistle to Polycarpus he requires that no man should so much as marry without the Bishops consent and soon after Pag. 208. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Let all things saith he be done to the honour of God give regard to your Bishop as God to you 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. My soul for theirs who obey their Bishop Presbyters and Deacons In his Epistle to the Ephesians magnifying their Bishop Onesimus he charges them to give all respects to him and addes Ye ought to look upon your Bishop as upon God himself since he waits upon the Lord and serves him And towards the end Following the holy Ghost for your guide obeying your Bishop and the company of Presbyters with an intire heart c. What shall we think of all this was not St. Ignatius see'd to speak on the Bishops side Or how would these words have sounded in the late Assemblies of Glasco and Edinborough Are we more holy than he Is the truth the same it was or is the alteration on our part All these have been large and full Testimonies of the acknowledged superiority of Bishops and of the high respects that are and were ever due to these prime governours of the Church But if any man think these came not yet home to the point let him cast his eye back upon the first Epistle ad Trallianos and mark well what he saith where having reckoned up the three so oft mentioned Orders of Bishops Presbyters and Deacons he addes Without these Pag. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. there is no elect Church without these no holy Congregation no assembly of Saints And I perswade my self that you also are of the same minde Lo here words which no Vedelius can carp at as interpolated imposing such a necessity of the being of these three severall Orders in Gods Church that it cannot be right without them I see and pity his shuffling Append. Notaâ—rum Crit. but would be glad to see a satisfactory answer from any hands Epist ad P Molin In the mean time I wish with learned Bishop Andrews those Churches where they are missing that happinesse which now to our grief and I hope theirs they are forced to want I have dwelt long with blessed Ignatius where could I be better That one Author is in stead of many why should I not boldly say if besides the divine Scriptures there were no other testimony but this one Saints it were abundantly enough to carry this Cause and I must wonder at any man who confessing Ignatius to have been so holy a Bishop so faithfull a Martyr so true a Saint can stick at a Truth so often so confidently so zealously recommended by him to the world For me let my soul go with his let his faith be mine and let me rather trust one Ignatius than ten thousand Cartwrights Parkers Ameses or any other their ignorant and Male-contented followers Tell me now my dear brethren tell me in good eanest Do you not think this Ignatius a likely man to build up the kingdome of Antichrist were not these shoulders fit for the supportation of that man of sin Away with these absurd and wicked fancies and if this charge of his were holy and Apostolicall wherein he requires us to honour our Bishops as the Lord himself whom they serve and represent what doom do you suppose would he have passed upon those who as such abhorre them and eject them as Devills I cannot without horrour think of either the act or the issue §. 12. The testimony of the Ancient Canons called the Apostles YEt perhaps if Ignatius went alone he might herein incurre some suspicion now all antiquity is with him never any ancient Author said otherwise We will begin with those Canons which are instyled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the holy and most venerable Apostles Surely if not theirs yet of some Apostolicall men near to their times worthy even for their age and authority to be reverenced of all Christians as the most credible witnesses of the state of those Primitive times In them besides the note of professed distance betwixt the Bishops and Presbyters proclaimed in every Chapter there are those which do imply a power and Iurisdiction as Can 15. Can. 15. If any Presbyter or Deacon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or any of the number of Clerks leaving his division or Parish shall go to another 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and without the leave or allowance of his own Bishop abide in another Parish or charge we forbid him further to Minister especially if when his own Bishop calls him back he
saw and conversed with the Apostles Irenaeus saw Polycarpus by their hands was he ordained Bishop constantly lived and dyed a Martyr in that holy function Tertullian was not much below Irenaeus in age not at all below him in the clearnesse of his suffrage Edant origines Ecclesiarum suarum evolant ordinem Episcoporum suorum ita par successiones ab initio decurrentem ut primus ille Episcopus aliquem ex Apostolis aut Apostolicis viris habuerit authorem antecessorem c. Tertull. de praescription advers haer Edant origines c. Let them saith he set forth the Originals of their Churches Let them reckon upon the Order of their Bishops so running down by their successions from the beginning as that their first Bishop had one of the Apostles or Apostolicall men for his author and predecessor Thus do the Apostolicall Churches bring in their accounts as the Church of Smyrna h◠ving Polycarpus placed there by St. John the Church of Rome showeth Clement ordained by St. Peter and so the rest of the Churches show what sprouts they have of the Apostolike seed Even those which were first placed in their Episcopacie by the Apostles What can be spoken more fully for the Apostolike institution of Episcopacy This is more than enough to shew the state of the first ages of the Church under and after the Apostles And therein the superiority and Jurisdiction of Bishops received from their sacred hands Now if we think good to descend with the times which way soever we shall cast our eyes upon Ecclesiasticall histories upon Fathers upon Councels I speak it knowingly we shall meet with no other relation Should I undertake to gather in some proofs which are every where scattered in their undeniable records one Tome would not be enough and you might well aske the meaning of such waste I shall content my self to glean out some few Eares out of a large and plentifull field §. 14. The confessed Superiority of Bishops from severall arguments out of Antiquity ANd here in the first place it is well worthy to weigh much with us that all antiquity makes Bishops the successors of the Apostles The testimonies of Irenaeus Vide Bils loco citato Tertullian Cyprian Basil Theodoret Hierome Ambrose Augustine Sidonius and others are so familiarly quoted by all Writers that I shall not need to urge them In the next those titles of superiority and Jurisdiction which are giuen by all antiquity to Bishops above Presbyters Ambros in Ephes 4 idea Optatus l 1. contra Parmē Hieron in Ep. 60.17 Hierarch Ecles c. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epiphan in haeres 75. Conc. Carthag c. 68. Conc. Sardic c. 10. Sidon Apoll. l 9 Ep. 4. may well settle our assurance in it They are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rulers in Ignatius Principes sacerdotum in Ambrose the same with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Dionysius An order generative of other Fathers as Epiphanius They have an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 given them by the Councell of Carthage Excelsiorem gradum by Jerome 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Councell of Constantinople eminence of oversight by the Councell of Sardica Incomparably eminent Apostleship by Sidonius Apollinaris Excellent dignity and authority by the Councell of Constantinople in Trullo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Concil Antioch c. 25. It were easie to be tedious in this kinde If now the Bishops of this Island challenge no more than is given to those Church-governours of the Primitive times certainly either they must be condemned or not justified In the third place it will easily be made to appear that in all the passages of Fathers and Councels the Presbyters are called the Bishops Presbyters Indeed how should it be otherwise Winton Epist ad Molin For as our learned Bishop of Winchester of old the Presbyters were as it were of the family of the Bishop and lived upon those distributions which were laid down as at the feet of the Apostles first so now at theirs untill the division of severall Parishes infoeffed them in a setled maintenance from their peculiar charges Thus as Doctor Downham instances Arrius is said to have been Alexander's Presbyter Petrus and Iraenaeus Timotheus and Macarius to have been Athanasius his Presbyters by the same token that Timotheus a grave and reverend personage as the history reports wittily and justly took off a foul aspersion from his innocent and honoured Diocesan The Deputies of Silvester in the Councell of Nice were his Presbyters Thus Crispio is named Epiphanius his Arch-deacon Heraclides to have been Chrysostome's Deacon It were easie to fill up pages out of Eusebius alone with such instances §. 15. Power of Ordination only in Bishops BUt in the fourth place the severall acts that were appropriated to the Bishops alone by the universall consent of all times do more than sufficiently evince their acknowledged superiority wherein even those Testimonies which are wont to be alleadged against us do directly plead for us Hierome himself can say Excepta ordinatione and Chrysostome who is cited for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 can yet adde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Only in laying on of hands Bishops go beyond them Homil. 11 in 1 Tim. 3 Neither is this any sleight difference or despicable priviledge but such as implyes a manifest Superiority as Ambrose justly inferreth and a clear distinction of Order Hands were imposed in the Church of old for more than one purpose In absolution for the penitent's reconciliation to God and the Church In Confirmation for the increase of Grace upon the baptized In Ordination for the blessing Conc. Carthag 4. c. 3. Benedicente eum Episcopo manum super caput ejus imponente and hallowing of the Ordained The first of these as incident and annexed to the holy Order of Priest-hood may be common to a Presbyter within his own compasse but the other two have been ever held so intrinsecall to Episcopacy that I would fain see where it can be showed that any extremity of necessity was by the Catholike Church of Christ ever yet acknowledged for a warrant sufficient to diffuse them into other hands It was to Timothy and Titus by the consent of all Antiquity Bishops of their severall Dioceses and not to any Ordinary Presbyter that St. Paul gives that charge of imposition of hands That Presbyter had been a monster among Christians that would have dared to usurpe it and the Church of those first ages observed it so Curiously that besides those strict Lawes which they made for the prevention of any such insolence restraining even one kinde of Chorepiscopi Rurall Bishops from this power for there was another sort which were in the nature and quality of suffraganes furnished with Episcopall right they have left unto us memorable records of their severe proceedings against such presumptions I may not forget two or three remarkable histories to this purpose 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Colluthus a Presbyter of
is laid by Christ and whose fabricke is raised by the Apostles is of divine institution Page 28 § 8 The second ground The practice and recommendation of the Apostles is sufficient warrant for an Apostolicall Institution Page 30 § 9 The third ground That the formes ordained for the Churches Administration by the Apostles were for universal and perpetuall use Page 32 § 10 The fourth ground That the universall practice of the Church immediately succeeding the Apostolike times is a sure Commentary upon the practice of the Apostles and our best direction Page 35 § 11 The two famous rules of Tertullian and S. Augustine to this purpose asserted Page 39 § 12 The fifth ground That the Primitive Saints and Fathers neither would nor durst set up another forme of government different from that they received of the Apostles Page 50 § 13 The sixth ground That if the next successors would have innovated the forme of government yet they could not in so short space have diffused it through the whole Christian world Page 56 § 14 The seventh ground That the ancientest Histories of the Church and writings of the first Fathers are rather to be believed in the report of the Primitive state of the Church than the latest Authors Page 59 § 15 The eight ground That those whom the ancient Church of God and all the holy Fathers of the Church since have condemned for Hereticks are no fit guids for us to follow in that their judgement of the government for which they were so condemned Page 64 § 16 The ninth ground That the accession of honourable Titles and Compatible priviledges makes no difference in the substance of a lawfull and holy calling Page 66 § 17 The tenth ground That those Scriptures whereon a new and different forme of government is raised had need to be more evident and unquestionable than those which are alledged for the former that is rejected Page 69 § 18 The eleventh ground That if Christ had left this pretended order of government it would have ere this time been agreed upon what that forme is and how to be managed Page 71 § 19 The twelfth ground That if this which is challenged be the Kingdome of Christ then those Churches which want any essentiall part of it are mainly defective and that there is scarce any at all entire Page 72 § 20 The thirteenth ground That true Christian policie requires not any thing absurd or impossible to be done Page 74 § 21 The fourteenth ground That new pretences of truths never before heard of especially in maine points carry just cause of suspicion Page 76 § 22 The fifteenth ground That to depart from the judgement and practice of the universall Church of Christ ever since the Apostles times and to betake our selves to a new invention cannot but be beside the danger extremely scandalous Page 78 The Second Part. § 1 THe Termes and state of the Question setled and agreed upon Page 1 § 2 Church government begun by our Saviour in a manifest imparity Page 11 § 3 The execution of this Apostolicall power after our Saviours ascent into Heaven Page 16 § 4 The derivation of this power and majoritie from the Apostles to the succeeding Bishops Page 19 § 5 The cleare testimonies of Scripture for this majoitie especially those out of the Epistles to Timothy and Titus urged Page 26 § 6 Some elusions of these Scriptures met with and answered Page 35 § 7 The testimonie of S. John in his Revelation pressed Pag. 41 § 8 The estate and order of Episcopacie deduced from the Apostles to the Primitive Bishops Page 49 § 9 The testimony and assent of Bucer and some famous French Divines Page 54 § 10 The superiority and jurisdiction of Bishops proved by the testimonie of the first Fathers and Apostolicall men and first of Clemens the partner of the Apostles Page 59 § 11 The pregnant and full testimonies of the holy Saint and Martyr Ignatius urged Page 65 § 12 The testimonie of the ancient Canons called the Apostles Page 79 § 13 The state and historie of the next age Page 84 § 14 Proofes of the confessed superiority of Bishops from severall forceable arguments out of antiquitie Page 88 § 15 Power of Ordination only in Bishops Page 90 § 16 Power of jurisdiction appropriated to Bishops from the first Page 95 § 17 Exceptions against our Episcopacie answered and particularly of the dissimilitude of our Bishops to the Primitive in their Pompe and perpetuity Page 99 § 18 The practice of the whole Christian Church in all times and places is for this government by Bishops Page 110 § 19 Of the suppression of contrary Records and of the sole opposition of the heretick Aerius Page 117 § 20 The vindication of those Fathers which are pretended to second Aerius his opinion Page 120 § 21 The practice of the Waldenses and Albigenses in allowance of Episcopall government Page 125 § 22 The government by Bishops both universall and unalterable Page 129 The Third Part. § 1 THe appellation of Lay-Elders and the state of the Question concerning them Page 1 § 2 No Lay-Elder ever mentioned or heard of in the times of the Gospell in all the world till this present age the texts of Scripture particularized in pretence of the contrary Page 7 § 3 Lay-eldership a meere stranger to all antiquitie which acknowledgeth no Presbyters but Divines Page 15 § 4 S. Ambrose's testimonie urged commonly for Lay-Elders answered Page 19 § 5 The utter disagreement and irresolution of the pretenders to the new Discipline concerning the particular state of their desired government Page 24 § 6 The imperfections and defects which must needs be yeelded to follow upon the discipline pretended and the necessary inconveniences that must attend it in a kingdome otherwise setled Page 30 § 7 The knowne newnesse of this invention and the quality of the late authors of it Page 36 § 8 A recapitulation of the severall heads and a vehement exhortation to all Readers and first to our Northerne brethren Page 42 § 9 An exhortatorie conclusion to our brethren at home Page 53 EPISCOPACIE BY DIVINE RIGHT §. 1. An expostulatorie entrance into the Question GOod God! what is this that I have lived to heare That a Bishop in a Christian Assembly should renounce his Episcopall function and crie mercy for his now-abandoned calling Brother that was who ever you be I must have leave a while to contest seriously with you the act was yours the concernment the whole Churches You could not think so foule a deed could escape unquestioned The world never heard of such a Penance you cannot blame us if we receive it both with wonder and expostulation and tell you it had beene much better to have been unborn than to live to give so hainous a scandal to Gods Church and so deep a wound to his holy truth and Ordinance If Tweed that runs betweene us were an Ocean it could not either drown or wash off
the poor yet all these agreed in one Common Service which was the propagation of the Gospel and the sounding of Gods Church and soon after the very terms were contra-distinguished both by the substance of their charge and by the property of their Titles insomuch as blessed Ignatius that holy Martyr who lived many yeers within the times of the Apostles in every of his Epistles as we shall see in the sequel makes expresse mention of three distinct orders of Government Bishops Presbyters Deacons Now we take Episcopacie as it is thus punctually differenced in an eminence from the two inferior orders of Presbyter and Deacon so as to define it Episcopacie is no other than an holy order of Church-Governours appointed for the Administration of the Church Or more fully thus Episcopacie is an eminent order of sacred function appointed by the Holy Ghost in the Evangelicall Church for the governing and overseeing thereof and for that purpose besides the Administration of the Word and Sacraments indued with power of imposition of hands and perpetuity of Iurisdiction Wherein we finde that we shall meet with two sorts of Adversaries The one are furiously and impetuously fierce crying down Episcopacy for an unlawfull and Antichristian state not to be suffered in a truely Evangelicall Church having no words in their mouthes but the same which the cruell Edomites used concerning Ierusalem Downe with it down with it even to the ground And such are the frantick Separatists and Semi-separatists of our time and Nation who are only swayed with meer passion and wilfully blinded with unjust prejudice These are Reformers of the new Cut which if Calvin or Beza were alive to see they would spit at and wonder whence such an off-spring should come Men that defend and teach there is no higher Ecclesiasticall government in the world than that of a Parish that a Parochiall Minister though but of the blindest village in a Country is utterly independant and absolute a perfect Bishop within himselfe and hath no superiour in the Church upon earth and doth no lesse inveigh even against the over-ruling power of Classes Synods c. than of Bishops you are not perhaps of this straine for we conceive that our Northern neighbors desire and affect to conforme unto the Genevian or French discipline Honoratiss Do. Glanico Cancellario Scotiae respon ad sex quaestiones for which we find Beza's directions although both your act of a brenunciation and some speeches let fall in the assembly of Glasco and of the plea of Covenanters fetching Episcopacy within the compasse of things abjured might seem to intimate some danger of inclination this way our charity bids us hope the best which is that you hate the frenzeys of these our wilde Countrey-men abroad for whom no answer is indeed fit but darke lodgings and Ellebore The other is more milde and gentle and lesse unreasonable not disallowing Episcopacy in it selfe but holding it to be lawfull usefull ancient yet such as was by meer humane device upon wise and politick Considerations brought into the Church and so continued and therefore upon the like grounds alterable with both these we must have to do But since it is wind ill lost to talke reason to a mad-man it shall be more than sufficient to confute the former of them in giving satisfaction to the latter for if wee shall make it appeare that Episcopacy is not onely lawfull and ancient but of no lesse than divine institution those raving and black mouthes are fully stopped and those more easie and moderate opposites at once convinced But before we offer to deal blows on either side it is fit we should know how far we are friends and upon what points this quarrell stands It is yielded by the wiser fautors of Discipline that there is a certain Polity necessary for the retention of the Churches peace That this Polity requires that there must be severall Congregations or flocks of Christians and that every flock should have his own Shepherd That since those guides of Gods people are subject to error in Doctrine and exorbitance in manners which may need correction and reformation and many doubtfull cases may fall out which will need decision it is requisite there should be some further aid given by the counsell and assistance of other Pastors That those Pastors met together in Classes and Synodes are fit arbiters in differences and censurers of errors and disorders That in Synodes thus assembled there must be due order kept That order cannot be kept where there is an absolute equality of all persons convened That it is therefore necessary that there should be an head President or Governour of the assembly who shall marshall all the affairs of those meetings propound the Cases gather the voyces pronounce the Sentences and judgements but in the mean while he having but lent his tongue for the time to the use of the Assembly when the businesse is ended returnes to his own place without any personall inequality A lively image whereof we have in our lower house of Convocation the Clerks whereof are chosen by the Clergy of the severall Diocesses They all having equall power of voyces assemble together choose their Prolocutor He cals the house receives petitions or complaints proposes the businesses asks and gathers the suffrages dismisses the Sessions and the action once ended takes his former station forgetting his late superiority This is the thing challenged by the Patrons of Discipline who do not willingly heare of an upper house consisting of the Peeres of the Church whose grave authority gives life to the motions of that lower body They can be content there should be a prime Presbyter and that this Presbyter shall be called Bishop and that Bishop shall moderate for the time the publike affairs of the Church but without all innate and fixed superiority without all though never so moderate Iurisdiction Calvin in this case shall speak for all who writing of the state of the Clergie in the Primitive times hath thus Calv. Instit l. 4. c. 4. Quibus ergo docendi munus c. Those therefore which had the charge of teaching injoined unto them they named Presbyters These Presbyters out of their number in every city chose one to whom they especially gave the title of Bishop lest from equality as it commonly fals out discords should arise Neither was the Bishop so superiour to the rest in honour and dignity as that he had any rule over his Colleagues but the same office and part which the Consul had in the Senate to report of businesse to be done to ask the votes advising admonishing exhorting to go before the rest to rule the whole action by his authority and to execute that which by the common Councell was decreed The same office did the Bishop sustain in the assembly of the Presbyters Thus he and to the same purpose Beza in his Treatise of the degrees of the ministery Moulin Chamier others So as we easily see how
judgement was given hath thus Non hoc putandum de ultimo judicio c. We may not think this spoken of the last judgement but the seats of the Prelats or presidents by whom the Church is governed and the governors themselves are to be understood the judgment that is given cannot be any better way taken than for that which is said Whatsoeuer ye binde on earth shal be bound in heauen §. 3. The execution of this Apostolicall power after our Saviours ascent into Heaven THe power is clear will you see the Execution of it Look upon St. Paul the Posthumous and Supernumerary but no lesse glorious Apostle see with what Majesty he becomes his new erected Throne one while deeply (a) 2 Thess 36. charging and commanding another while (b) 1 Cor. 5.4.5.6.7 controlling and censuring One while (c) 1 Cor. 11.2 1 Cor. 16 1. giving Laws and Ordinances another while urging for their observance One while (d) 1 Tim. 1.6 1 Tim. 2.9 1 Tim. 6 13. 2 Cor. 13.2 2 Cor. 4.21 1 Tim. 1.20 ordaining Church-governours another while adjuring them to do their duties one while threatning punishment another while inflicting it And if these be not acts of Iurisdiction what can be such which since they were done by the Apostle from the instinct of Gods Spirit wherewith he was inspired and out of the warrant of his high vocation most manifest it is that the Apostles of Christ had a supereminent power in Gods Church And if any person whosoever though an Evangelist or Prophet should have dared to make himselfe equall to an Apostle he had been hissed out yea rather thunder-struck by deep Censure for an Arrogant and saucy usurper Now if our blessed Saviour thought it fit to found his Church in an evident imparity what reason should we have to imagine he did not intend so to continue it It had been equally easie for him had he so thought meet to have made al his followers equally great none better than a disciple none meaner than an Apostle But now since it hath pleased him to raise up some to the honour of Apostles no lesse above the 70 than the seventy were above the multitude only injoyning them that the highest in place should be the lowest in minde and humility of service what doth he but herein teach us that he meant to set this course for the insuing government of his Church Neither is it possible for any man to be so absurd as to think that the Apostles who were by their heavenly Master infeoffed in this known preeminence should after the Ascent of their Saviour descend from their acknowledged superiority and make themselves but equall to the Presbyters they ordained No they still and ever as knowing they were qualified for that purpose by the more speciall graces of the holie Ghost kept their holie state maintained the honour of their places What was the fault of Diotrephes but that being a Church-governour he proudlie stood out against St. John not acknowledging the Transcendant power of his Apostolicall Iurisdiction whom the provok't Apostle threats to correct accordinglie so as those that lay Diotrephes in our dish do little consider that they buffet none but themselves who symbolize with him in opposing Episcopal that is as all antiquity was wont to construe it Apostolicall government But you are ready to say This was during their own time they were persons extraordinary and their calling and superioritie died with them Parâ—câ—â—l 1. c. 4. Thus our Tileno-mastix in terms The only question is Whether of the ordinary Presbyters which were singlie set over severall Churches they advanced one in degree above his brethren We shall erre then if we distinguish not These great Ambassadors of Christ sustained more persons than one they comprehended in themselves the whole Hierarcy they were Christians Presbyters Bishops Apostles So it was they were Apostles immediatlie called miraculouslie gifted infalliblie guided universallie charged Thus they had not they could not have any successors they were withall Church governours appointed by Christ to order and settle the affairs of his Spirituall Kingdome And therein besides the preaching of the Gospel and baptizing common to them with other Ministers to ordain a succession of the meet Administrators of his Church Thus they were would be must be succeeded Neither could the Church otherwise have subsisted No Christian can denie this all binding upon a necessitie of Apostolicall succession though differing in the qualitie and degree of their successors §. 4. The derivation of this power and majority from the Apostles to the succeeding Bishops NOw therefore that we have seene what ground our Saviour laid for a superioritie in them Let us see how they by his divine inspiration erected it in others who should follow them â—hat was Apostolicall this was Episcopall It is true as Calâ—in saith that at the first all to whom the Dispensation of the Gospell was committed were called Presbyters whether they were Apostles Evangelists Prophets Pastors and Doctors as before the Apostles were commonly called by the name of Disciples in every Chapter yet in degree still above the 70 and we do still say one while Bishops and Curats comprehending all Presbyters and Deacons under that name another while Bishops Pastors Curats not distinctly observing the difference of names So they all were called Presbyters yet not so but that there was a manifest and full distinction betwixt the Apostles and Presbyters as thrise Act. the 15. They therefore though out of humility they hold the common names with others yet maintained their places of Apostles and governed the Church at first as it were in common And thus as St. Ierome truly All maine matters were done in the beginning by the common Councell and consent of the Presbyters their consent but still the power was in the Apostles who in the nearer Churches since they in person ordered Ecclesiasticall affairs ordained only Presbyters in the remoter Bishops This for the Consummation of it was an act of time Neither was the same course held at once in every Church whiles it was in Fieri some which were nearer being supplied by the Apostles presence needed not so present an Episcopacy Others that were small needed not yet their full number of Offices neither were there perhaps fit men for those places of eminence to be found every where whence it is that we finde in some Scriptures mention only of Bishops and Deacons in others of Presbyters not of Bishops This then was the Apostles course for the plantation of the Church and the better propagation of the Gospel where ever they came they found it necessary to ordain meet assistants to them and they promiscuously imparted unto them all their owne stile but Apostolicall naming them Bishops and Presbyters and Deacons according to the familiarity and indifferency of their former usage therein But when they having divided themselves into severall parts of the world found that the number of
Tertullian Quod ab Apostolis non damnatur imo defenditur hoc erit judicium proprietatis That which is not condemned by the Apostles yea defended rather may well be judged for their own and then he would have found how strong this plea of Tertullian is against himselfe For where ever can he show Episcopacy condemned by the Apostle yea how clearly do we show it not allowed only but enjoyned finding therefore Episcopall imparity so countenanced by the written word we have good reason to call in all antiquity and the universall Church succeeding the Apostles as the voice of the Spouse to second her glorious husband Had there been any sensible gapp of time betwixt the dayes of the Apostles and the Ordination of Bishops in the Christian Church we might have had some reason to suspect this Institution to have been meerly humane but now since it shall appeare that this worke of erecting Episcopacy passed both under the eies and hands of those sacred Ambassadors of Christ who lived to see their Episcopall successors planted in the severall regions of the world what reason can any man pretend that this institution should be any other then Apostolicall had it been otherwise they lived to have Countermanded it How plain is that of St. Ambrose Paul saw Iames at Ierusalem because he was made Bishop of that place by the Apostles and to the same effect St. Austin contra Cresiâ—n 1. 2. St. Ierome the only Author amongst the ancients who is wont with any colour to be alleadged against the right of Episcopacy yet himself confesseth that Bishops began in Alexandria from Mark the Evangelist who died sixe yeers before St. Peter or St. Paul Thirty five yeers before St. James the Apostle Forty five yeers before Simon Cleophas who succeeded St. Iames in the Bishoprick of Ierusalem being the kinsman of our Saviour 〈◊〉 l. 3. c. 11. as Eusebius Brother to Joseph as Egesippus The same author can tell us that in the very times of the Apostles Ignatius was Bishop of Antioch indeed of Syria Sicut Smyrnaeorum ecclesia habens Policarpum ab Joanne conlocatum Tert. de praesc Policarpus of Smyrna Timothy of Ephesus Titus of Crete or Candia That Papias St. Iohns Auditor soon after was made Bishop of Hierapolis Quadratus a disciple of the Apostles Bishop of Athens after Publius his martyred predecessor And can we think these men were made Bishops without the knowledge and consent of the Apostles then living or with it without it we cannot say except we will disparage both the Apostles care and power And withall the holinesse of these their successors who were knowne to be Apostolicall men disciples of Christ Companions of the Apostles and lastly blessed Martyrs if with it we have our desire what shall I need to instance Our learned Bilson hath cleared this point beyond all contradiction In whom you may please to see out of Eusebius Egesippus Socrates Ierom Perpet goverm of the Ch. ch 13. Epiphanius others as exact a pedegree of all the holy Bishops of the Primitive Church succeeding each other in the foure Apostolicall Sees untill the time of the Nicene Councell as our Godwin or Mason can give us of our Bishops of England or a Speed or Stow of our English Kings There you shall finde from Iames the Lords brother who as Ierom himselfe expresly sate as Bishop in the Church of Ierusalem to Macarius who sate in the Nicene Councell 40. Bishops punctually named From St. Peter who governed the Church of Antioch and was succeeded by Evodius and he by Ignatius twenty seven In the See of Rome thirty seven In the See of Alexandria from Marke the Evangelist twenty three A Catalogue which cannot be questioned without too much injurious incredulity nor denied without an unreasonable boldnesse The same course was held in all other Churches neither may wee thinke these varied from the rest but rather as Prime Sees were patternes to the more obscure For the other saith Eusebius Euseb l. 3. c. 37. it is not possible by name to rehearse them all that were Pastours imployed in the first successions of the Church-government after the Apostles Neither indeed needeth it the wariest buyers by one handful judge of the whole sack and this truth is so cleer that the most judicious late Divines have not stuck to acknowledge so much as we have desired §. 9 The testimony and assent of Bucer and some famous French Divines BY the perpetuall observation of the Church even from the Apostles themselves saith Bucer we see it seemed good to the holy Ghost that among the Presbyters to whom the charge of the Church is specially committed one should have the singular Charge of the Churches and in that Charge and Care governed others for which cause the name of Bishops was attributed to these chiefe Governours of the Church Thus he in full accord with us And Chamier when he had first granted that statim post Apostolorum excessum immediately after the decease of the Apostles began the difference between a Bishop and Presbyter Cham. de membris Eccles milâ— t. l. 4. c. 1. straight as correcting himselfe addes Quid Res ipsa caepit tempore Apostolorum vel potius ab ipsis profecta est The thing it selfe began in the very time of the Apostles yea proceeded from them Thus hee although withall hee affirmes this difference not to have been Essentiall but Accidentall A distinction in this respect unproperly perhaps applied by him but otherwise Nulla est EsseÌ„tialis distinctio inter Episcopos Presbyteros respectu ministeriâ— idem enim utrisque est Apostoli tamen erant primarii a Christo ministri instituti qu bus non aliis Ecclesiae suae fundationem regimen commisit Spalat de Rep. Eccl. 1. 2. c. 3. Spalatensis justly both yelds and makes in a right and sure sense For certainly in the proper works of their ministeriall function in preaching and administring the Word and Sacraments they differ not or only differ in some accident but yet in those points which concerne Ordination and the administration of government then the difference is reall and palpable and that as we shall soon see not without a fixed Iurisdiction To the same purpose my reverend and ancient friend Moulin in one of his Epistles to the renowned Bishop of Winchester Molin Epi. ad Winton Ep. 3. Statim post c. Soon after the Apostles time saith he or rather in their owne time as the Ecclesiasticall story witnesseth It was constituted That in one Citie one Presbyter should have preeminence over his Colleagues who was called a Bishop Et hanc regiminis formam omnes ubique Ecclesiae receperunt and this form of government all Churches every where receive I do willingly take the word of these two famous professors of the French Church The one sayes Constitutum est It was constituted in the time of the Apostles the other that it proceeded from
it is plainely attributed to Bishops as in that to the men of Smyrna as we shall see in the sequel And why might not hee digest this Phrase which he so commonly met with in antiquity 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chrysost in Act. c. 1. Citat in Append Notarum Criticarum Nic. Vedel Amonst the rest it is remarkable that the very same sentence that hee cites for his defence out of Chrysostome cuts his throat then their praefecture speaking of the Apostle's Bishop was not an honour but a provident care for those whom they ruled over Lo here was a praefecture first and then here are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which implyes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a rule not alluding to the abuses of his owne time as Vedelius poorely but to the Apostles in whom honour did well agree with care was there ever man that denyed Apostle-ship to be an honour much lesse holy Chrysostome The Fathers meaning plainly is that the Apostles did not stand so much upon their own honour as the care of their charge as what good Bishop doth otherwise In the meane time here is an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a rule implyed in that Testimony which is brought to impugne it for Ignatius his passage is as undoubted as his Epistle and the Bishops power is not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 onely which Vedelius could yeeld but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And what need Vedelius to stand upon this terme when Chamier himselfe so fully yeelds it Cham. de Occumen Pontif. l. 13. c. 19. ex Nazianzen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Revera Episcopatus est 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and singuli Episcopi in suis Ecclesiis sunt principes The Martyr for a close shuts up with a Fare-well in the Lord Jesus and be subject to your Bishop c. In the second Epistle to the Magnesians for I love to follow the trace of that blessed Saint I exhort you Ignat. ad Magnes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. pag. 54. saith he that your care and study be to do all things in a godly Concord your Bishop being president in the place of God your Priests in the place of the Senate of the Apostles c. And not long after As the Lord saith he did nothing without his Father who said I can do nothing of my selfe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so neither may any of you do ought without your Bishop Whether it be Priest or Deacon or Laick Neither let any thing seeme meet for you to doe without his judgement for whatsoever is so done is wicked and an act of meere enmity to God What will our refractaries say to this who affect to make head against their Bishops yea not onely suffer him to do nothing without them but suffer him to do nothing at all yea suffer him not to be Oh God! if thy blessed Martyr Ignatius now lived and saw these insolencies how would he thinke himselfe falne amongst more fierce beasts than those which were prepared for him Ignat ad Philadelph p. 91. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. In his third Epistle to the Phyladelphians So many saith he as are Christs are for the Bishop and those that decline from him and take part with the accurst they shall be cut off together And not long after in the same Epistle in Christ saith he there is neither bond nor free Let the Princes or chiefe governours obey Caesar Let the souldiers obey their chiefe governours Let the Deacons and the rest of the Clergie with all the people souldiers governours and Caesar himselfe obey their Bishop Let the Bishop obey Christ as Christ obeyed his Father and thus shall Vnity be conserved in all things Thus he Now comes in Nic Videlius and seconding Scultetus cries out of manifest interpolation I wish I had leisure in this place to follow him home he is out of my way yet I must step aside to him a little And what and where then is this so open fraud in foysting in this clause of Ignatius Caesar was then no Christian In vaine should the true Ignatius have charged Caesar to obey the Bishop weakly objected for as Maestraeus answers him well The Martyr tels us what should be done not what was It is true that the greatest Monarchs of the world even those whose vassals we confesse our selves in temporall respects yet in Spirituall reguards ought to submit their soules to our government or rather to Gods in us But Ignatius admonisheth Christians not heathen of their duty Weake still His amonition is universall though directed to Philadelphians and those men which were now Ethnicks might prove Christians The rules must not vary with the persons But it would have been scandalous especially in those times to exhort an Heathen Emperour to submit himself to a Christian still alike what scandall more in this than in the rest of the doctrine of the Gospell which in the mouthes of all faithfull Preachers requires Princes to yield their necks to the yoke of Christ Why more then Go tell that Foxe And the Non licet of the Baptist to Herod why more than the bold speeches of the Martyred Saints to their heathen persecutors Why more than of that Christian Bishop to Julian of Chrysostomus to Eudoxia why more than the high language of Valentinian and Trajan to Valens and hundreds other of this kinde Socrat. lib. ◠cap. 16. Theod. lib. 5. cap. 31. 3◠But which is grossest of all he makes the end of all the Conservation of unity in the Church And what saith he are heathens within the Church Or is there any Union betwixt Christ and Infidels As if Ignatius had written only for a day as if these men must needs live and die Heathens The Cavills must be more probable that must cast a Martyr or rob us of his holy instruction Yet again therefore hear what our St. Ignatius sayes in the same Epistle Pag. 102. Edit Vede 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. It is hard saith he to reject the preaching of the Apostles The Priests are good and so are the Deacons or Ministers of the word but the chief Priest is better 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who is trusted with the Holy of Holies who only is intrusted with the secrets of God Here Vedelius startles and not he only but Chamier too contends the Chief Priest not to be meant of the Bishop but of Christ but the place easily quits it self Ignatius plainly compares these holy Offices with themselves not with Christ How absurd had it been to make a comparison betwixt the goodnesse of Priests and Deacons and the goodnesse of Christ as if there had been any possibility of proportion as if any doubt could have risen this way This meliority therefore or betternesse above the Priests and Deacons is ascribed to the Bishop by the name of the high Priest in allusion to the Jewish Priviledges of the great Pontife who only might enter the holy of
refuses to return continuing still perverse And again in the next If any Bishop with whom such a Clerk shall stay shall there keep him against this decreed Cessation Let him as a master of disorder be barred from Communion And Can 32. If any Presbyter contemning his own Bishop shall hold Conventicles apart and shall erect an other Altar when he hath no just exception against his Bishop in matter of Religion or Justice Let him be deposed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as a man that affects to rule for he is a Tyran And Can 33. If any Presbyter or Deacon shall by his own Bishop be put from his place it is not lawfull that he be received by any other but only of him that formerly discharged him except perhaps the Bishop that put him out be deceased And because it was so early perceived that even amongst the Bishops themselves an equality might breed confusion It is enacted in the 35 Canon That the Bishops of all nations should know him that was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the prime amongst them and esteem him as their head and do nothing without him Shortly Can 39 it is ordained That the Bishop should take the charge and care of all the affairs belonging to the Church and dispence them as in the presence and view of God Almighty and in the 40 Canon Let the Presbyters and Deacons do nothing besides the liking and allowance of their Bishop for the people of God are committed to him and an account must be required of him for their souls Hear this now ye that pretend there is so much difference betwixt the state of our Bishops and the Primitive What do we challenge more than the Apostolike Canons injoyn what do they prescribe lesse than we challenge There is a power over the Clergie a power of disposing them to generall stations a power of deposing or sequestring them upon just demerits from those charges a power not to over-see only but to regulate their Clergie a power to manage all Ecclesiasticall affairs and if this be no rule no Jurisdiction we claim none Certainly no wit of man can devise any Evasion here but by exception at the credit of the Evidence Loud clamours are raised of their Counterfaysance Rather than fail Pope Gelasius himself is brought in to disprove these Canons as Apocryphall And they that do most eagarly cry the Pope down for the Antichrist are readiest to plead his authority against their brethren Not considering the Pope herein Vafer Afer as Fregevill justly calls him drave his own Plough for nothing could more cut him in the affectation of his Supremacy than those Canons which therefore it is no marvell if he disparage The truth is whereas there are 85 of those Canons in more than one Edition 50 of them are most ancient and legitimate the other 35 later and Superious With this distinction Binius answers the censure of his Pope The 50 first saith he are received as authenticall by the ancient Popes Councels Fathers as containing Orthodox doctrine The other later are condemned by Gelasius Indeed such age and worth plead for the first ranke Isidor praefat ad Collect. Canonn that as Isidorus truly The holy Fathers confirmed their acts by Synodall authority and placed them amongst Canonicall Constitutions If any man desire full information concerning the antiquity and authentiquenesse of these Canons I remit him to Fregivillaeus Fregivil palma Christiana where he shall finde how many of these Canons were transferred into and approved and cited by the Councels of Nice Gangra and Antioch not without the very Appellation of Apostolicall The like afterwards done by the Councels of Constantinople Ephesus Chalcedon Orleans Cabilon There he shall finde them cited for such with approbation of Eusebius Socrates Theodoret Sozomen There he shall finde that Aurelius Bishop of Carthage made use of these Canons as the Test whereby to examine the Roman Popes decrees that by these the African Fathers repelled the Popes Tyrannicall Usurpation but what shall I need to urge these Attestations when Calvin himself and Chamier Calvin Valde antiqui testes moris Ecclesiae Instit l. 4. c. 4. and every ingenuous Writer confesse them to be of very great and therefore very reverend Antiquity §. 13 The state and History of the next age AS touching the state of this truth in the age next succeeding how easie were it to accumulate histories to make it good Citat a D. Bilsen perpet regim Eccl. câ—p 13. as that of Methodius in Marianus Scotus who tells us That the Apostle Peter directed Eucharius one of the 70 with Valerius and Maternus to preach the Gospel in Germany and France And that Eucharius planting a Church in Treners held the Bishoprick of that City 23 yeers Traverieâ— Eccles culmina c. and then left the Episcopacy of that Church to Valerius who after 15 yeers sitting there left it to Maternus he to Auspicius c. Agesip apud Euseb 4. c. 22. And that of Egesippus in Eusebius who travelling to Rome under Amicetus conferred with Primus Bishop of Corinth and divers other Bishops as he went and found them in every succession and in every City constantly observing the truth c. And the Church of Corinth held on in the right way unto the time of Primus Bishop there With these whom can I more fitly match than holy Irenaeus the famous Bishop of Lyons neer bordering upon this age whose testimony may be a clear Commentary upon the former passages Habemus enumerare eos qui ab Apostolis c. we can Iren. l. 3. advers haeres c. 3. saith he reckon up those who by the Apostles were made Bishops in the Churches and their successors even unto our times c. The blessed Apostles viz. Peter and Paul founding and furnishing the Church of Rome delivered the Episcopacy of the Government of that Church to Linus Of this Linus Paul makes mention in those Epistles he wrote to Timothy Anacletus succeeded him In the third place Clemens after him took that Bishoprick who both saw the Apostles themselves and had Conference with them c. After this Clement succeeded Evaristus after Evaristus Alexander and after him Sixtus was made the sixth Bishop from the Apostles and after him Telesphorus who most gloriously suffered Martyrdome after him Higinus then Pius and after him Amicetus and after that Soter had succeeded Amicetus now in the twelfth place from the Apostles Eleutherius possesseth the Bishoprick And soon after he addeth a passage which I cannot pretermit And Polycarpus saith he was not only taught by the Apostles and conversed with many of them who saw our Lord Christ but also was by the Apostles made Bishop in Asia in that Church which is at Smyrna whom we our selves saw in our yonger age for he lasted long and being very old he most nobly and gloriously suffering Martyrdome passed out of this life Lo here was but one ages difference Polycapus
to be tedious in particularities the ancient Canon of Apostles 32 to this purpose is recited and ratified by two Councels Concil Antioch 1. c. 9. the one of Antioch the other of Chalcedon and there applauded by the acclamation of a just rule and the rule of the Fathers And now say reader what is Superiority and Jurisdiction over all Subordinates if this be not If any Bishop of this Island have challenged and usurped more than the written word of God seconded by the ancient Canons of the Primitive Church and holy Fathers thereof do allow let him bear his own burden but certainly if the holy Synode of England should at any time be required to publish any Canon for the determining the Latitude of Episcopall power and the due exercise thereof they could hardly devise to expresse it in more full tearms than the ancient Councell of Antioch hath done Concil Antioch sub Iulio c. 9. Unusquisque Episcopus habeat suae paroechiae potestatem c. Let every Bishop saith it have authority of his own See both to governe it according to the fear of God which is before his eyes and to have a provident care of the whole Countrey which is under his City as also to ordain Presbyters and Deacons and to governe all things with Judgement Upon all this which hath been said I wonder how the Opposers of Episcopacy can read these so plain proofs of the Judgement and practise of the ancient Church of God and not be ashamed of their palpable innovation Hitherto we have clearly deduced the superiority of Bishops above the other Clergie and the power of their Jurisdiction from Christ and his Apostles and conveyed it through the constant practise of the Primitive Church since which time no adversary doubteth of it §. 17. Exceptions against our Episcopacy answered and particularly of the dissimilitude of our Bishops from the Primitive especially in their pomp and perpetuity BUt two main exceptions are taken at our Episcopacy wherein it is pretended there is an utter dissimilitude betwixt the anciently acknowledged superiority and ours The one is perpetuity the other Lordlinesse In both which regards Parker according to his loud languaâ—e sayes there is as much likenesse betwixt the English Episcopacy and the ancient as betwixt light and darknesse For both these briefly That there is and must needs be a superiority of some Pastors aboue others Beza himself cannot deny who makes the 7 Angels 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 neither indeed can there be any government without it Bez in Apoc 2.1 but this presidence saith he is not perpetuall but only for the time and vicissitudinary Vidâ— Bez. Saraviam in resp ad triplicatum Episcopatum De gradibus Minist c. 23. There can be no Church without a Ministery Those Ministers are divided into Presbyteries Those Presbyters must have an head that head is to over-rule the body for his turne And this saith he is that Regency which was in the Primitive times and is now renewed in some Churches wherein the president takes his chair moderates the assembly hath Majority of rule during his presidency and is for the present â—efut of Mr. Dâ—â—â— ham the governour of his brethren the action ended and his course finished returnes to his old forme with a sumus ergo pares And was this the inequality of the Church-governours in the Primitive times Was this the forme of the Regiment and Presidency of the Primitive Bishops Blessed God! Where was this monster of opinion formed Who ever read or heard of such a course of Administration from the beginning of Gods Church upon earth untill this present age And yet these men the better to guilde their upstart fancies to the eyes of the vulgar dare thus confidently obtrude it upon the Primitive times Did not James Ignatius Polycarpus and all those noted Successors in their severall charges live and die Bishops there Do not all the Subscriptions of Councels all histories that ever were in the Church testifie so much was there ever any Writer but any one that hath given intimation but bare intimation of any such shifting of Church-governours for that mistaken allegation of St. Ambrose is justly hissed out of all Countenance Did ever the man fall into any kinde of mention that once practis'd it And shall grave Divines give themselves liberty to dream of such strange Chimaericall devices and then meerly to get glory to themselves and strength to their own fancieâ— so boldly obtrude them upon Gods Church for good Law and as highly tending to Gods glory If we do not finde among the ancient so direct contradictions to this conceit we must impute it to this that they did not suppose so impossible a fancy could have fallen into any wise heads Câ—â—r l. 4. Epist 2. Yet that of blessed Cyprian is clear enough where a Bishop is once lawfully ordained whosoever would now moreover be made a Bishop in that See it is necessary that he should be forthwith put out of the Church and that he have not the Churches Ordination who doth not hold the Unity of the Church Vid supra Epist Clementis ad Corinthios c. And soon after Forasmuch as after the first Bishop viz. during his life there cannot be a second whosoever after that one who ought to be alone is made he is not a second but none at all Thus he But what need I urge this when the very word of Ordination strikes it dead For what Ordination to that their In-and-out Office have these succeeding and Momentary Presidents And what Bishop was ever in the Church without Ordination So as I must have leave to wonder at this uncouth Novelty and to say that I cannot tell how to resemble it better than to that old abusive sport which was cryed down in the Councell of Salisbury called Ep. tus puor practised also in the Popish times here in England Binius Anno 1274. Episcopatus puerorum upon St. Clements night and on St. Nicholas wherein boys and youths dressed up after the manner of Episcopall habits took upon them to act the Bishops sacred actions and after the pastime ended disroabed themselves and returned to their wonted trade Both these I confidently say are the meer mockeries of Episcopacie and if that other sport pleased but children and fools it is a wonder how this could please wise men As for the state and Lordlinesse which is usually objected to our Episcopacy it is indeed a common eye-sore to our envious detractors This is it that fills the world with Clamour and Pamphlets with spightfull invectives Quis furor O Cives As for the title first alas how poor a quarrell it is Certainly if there were that true piety and those gracious dispositions in the hearts of men professing the Gospell towards Gods Ambassadors and Agents which there ought to be they would not they could not grudge them any styles of Eminence their very feet would be beautifull
yet such as in other places he doth either salve or contradict The passages are scanned throughly by many authors It is true then that he saith Bishops are greater than Presbyters rather consuetudine ecclesiae Hier. ad Evagrum than Dominicae dispositionis veritate but even in that withall he grants Episcopacy to be an Apostolicall Institution Eadem Epistola ad finem for he interprets himself that this Custome was derived and continued from the Apostles and that the Dominica dispositio of which he spake was to be taken of a personall appointment from Christ our Saviour Hier in 1 ad Tâ—tum Wherefore what can be more plain than that his toto orbe decretum relates to Apostolick Constitution The very pedegree of it is by himself fetcht from the time of the quarrels which St. Paul mentions in his Epistle to the Corinths One sayes I am of Paul another I am of Apollo I am of Cephas which was in the heart of the Apostolique times And relating those words of the Bishop of Jerusalems letters There is no difference betwixt a Bishop and a Presbyter he passeth a satis imperite upon it professing to his Marcella against the Novelty of Montanus With us our Bishops hold the place of the Apostles and that the drepression of their Bishops below their place was utterly perfidious And commenting upon that passage of the Psalme Hier. in Ps 44. In stead of Fathers thou shalt have children The Apostles saith he O Church were thy Fathers c. Thou hast instead of them children which are the Bishops created by thy self And which is for all where he is most vehement for the dignity of a Presbyter yet he addes Quid facit Episcopus exceptâ ordinatione quod Presbiter non facit What doth a Bishop besides Ordination which a Presbyter doth not That very exception exempts him from Aerianisme and those other clear testimonies besides more which might be cited show him though but a Presbyter no friend to the equality of our Presbyterians As for St. Ambrose they could not have pitch'd upon a better man a renowned Archbishop and Metropolitan and of so holily-high a grain as that he would not abate one inch of Archiepiscopall port and power no not to an Emperour Yet this is the man that shall plead against the superiority of Bishops And what will he say Of a Bishop and a Presbyter saith he there is one order or Ordination for either of them is a Priest but the Bishop is the first so that every Bishop is a Presbyter but not every Presbyter a Bishop for among the Presbyters the Bishop is the first But first of all by Parkers own confession it is not St. Ambrose that saith so but a changling in his clothes So not only Whitakers spalato Cocus Rivetus and others but even some of the great Pontifician authors as we shall see upon another occasion more fully Secondly Ambrose himselstells another tale Ambros de dignitate sacerd c. 3. c. 5. in his genuine writings There is one thing saith he that God requires of a Bishop another of a Presbyter another of a Deacon And again As Bishops do ordain Presbyters and consecrate Deacons so the Arch-bishop ordaineth the Bishop Do you not think this man likely to speak for the new government Thirdly if he had said as they make him they must give him leave to interpret himself The Bishop is Primus sacerdos that is saith he Princeps Sacerdotum §. 21. The practice of the Waldenses and Albigenses in allowance of Episcopall government SHortly then all times all histories all Authors all places are for us yea which is most remarkable even those factions which divided themselves from the Church as the Arrians Novatians Donatists yet still held themselves to the government of their Bishops It was their question whether this or that man should be their Bishop it was never questioned whether they should have any Bishops at all Yea in these latter times the very Waldenses and Albigenses when in some things they justly flew off from the Romish superstition yet still would have a Bishop of their own It was one of the Articles that was objected against them the Supremacy of the Pope Artic Vvald Annâ— 1170 and 1216 usurping above all Churches is by them denied Neither that any degree is to be received in the Church but only Priests Deacons and Bishops And Aeneas Silvius in his Bohemian history reporting the Tenets of the Waldenses hath thus Foxe p. 209. de dogmat Waldens Romanum pontificem c. That the Bishop of Rome is but equall to other Bishops that among Priests there is no difference that not dignity but merit of life makes one Presbyter better then another Those of Merindol and Cabrieres a people which about two hundred yeers ago came out of the Country of Piemont to inhabite in the waste parts of Provence being there planted and hearing of the Gospell pâ—eached in Germany and Switzerland sent in the yeer 1530. George Maurellus and Petrus Latomus to conferre with the learned men of those parts they met with Oecolampadius Bucer Capito Maurellus escaping home alone told his Compatriots how much they had erred and how their old Ministers whom they called their Barbes that is their Uncles had misled them But before this their complices the good Christians who were termed Albigenses did set up to themselves a Bishop of their own one Bartolomaeus remaining about the coasts of Croatia and Dalmatia Epist Legati Papae Card. Portinens vide Fox Acts c. of whom the Cardinall Portinensis the Popes Legat writes thus to the Archbishop of Roan about the yeere 1146. Etenim de Carcasona orâ—undus c. For one Bartolomaeus the Bishop of the Hereticks borne in Carcasona taking upon him the Deputation of that Anti-pope yeelded unto him a wicked and abhominable reverence and gave him a place of residence in the Town of Porlos and removed himselfe to the parts of Tholose This Bartolomaeus in the tenour of his letters which run every where in the first stile of his salutation entitles himselfe on this manner Bartolomaeus the servant of the servants of God to N. the salutations of the holy faith This man amongst all his other enormities makes Bishops and takes upon him perfidiously to govern and order the Churches Thus that Cardinall And those Angragnians who are commonly said for some hundred of yeers to have cast off all relation to the Church of Rome yet in their Confession of faith and answers exhibited to the President appointed Commissioner for their examination confessed and acknowledged upon mention made of ancient Councells That the Councels had made divers notable Decrees concerning the Election of Bishops and Ministers of the Church concerning Ecclesiasticall Discipline as well of the Clergy as the people These Chrisians were far from that peevish humour wherewith divers miszealots are now-a-dayes transported What speak I of these The very late
equality from which if as we plead they afterwards ascended to this imparity which we now contend for why is it not as safe say you for us to take up that their first form as this latter Admitting all this our answer is the readier we like well to make those holy men of God our choosers They thought fit to alter to this and therefore we think fit to hold to it They tryed both and left this to be continued The truth is the Church of God at the very first was only in framing and not all of a suddain framed In framing thereof as the equality among themselves by the fulnesse of Grace which they all had conduced to that work so all that while for the better promoting of the same work they themselves maintained their own superiority and power over other Presbyters So then the change being made by the Apostles themselves and not by other they being infallibly guided by the Spirit of God though they changed we may not Nay because they changed we may not the holy Ghost led them unto it and therefore we unlesse we will oppose the ordinance of the holy Ghost must not detrect to continue it Otherwise why may I not urge the same argument in the instanced Sabbath The Apostles had duly kept the seaventh day according to the Law they after fell to the observation of the first day What shall any man now infer why not the Jewish Seaventh which was first kept rather than the Evangelicall first which was last taken up However then as it is usually upbrayded to us out of our reverend Whitgift there may be some appendances and formalities of government alterable by the wisedome and discretion of the Church yet for the main substance it is now utterly indispensable and must so continue to the worlds end Indispensable by any voluntary act what inevitable necessity may do in such a case we now dispute not necessity hath dispenced with some immediately Divine Laws Nisi coegerit dura necessitas cui nulla sex esst posita Hadr. Sarav resp ad Bez. de gradiâ— c. Where then that may be justly pleaded we shall not be wanting both in our pity and in our Prayers The Third Part. § 1. The appellation of Lay-Elders and the state of the question concerning them THE question concerning the lay-Presbyter is not easily stated the thing it selfe is so new that we are not yet agreed of the name Presbyter we know in the Greek as also Zachen in the Hebrew whence the use of it is borrowed is a word importing age and signifies a man elder in yeares Now for that yeares should and doe commonly bring knowledge and experience and carry gravity and authority therefore it is traduced from that naturall sence and used to signifie a man of some eminence in place and government so we have in the Old Testament Elders of the house Gen. 50.7 Elders of the Congregation Levit. 4.15 Elders of the City Deut. 19.12 Elders of the land Gen. 50.7 Elders of the people Mat. 21.23 and these sometimes marched with the hiâ—hest offices so we have Elders and Iudges Deut. 21.2 Princes and Elders Ezra 10.8 Priests and Elders Lam. 1 10. And all these were titles of civil authority But when we come to the daies of the Gospell under the New Testament now we finde the Elders of the Church Acts 20.17 Acts 11.30 and 14.23 A name which comprehended all those sacred persons who were imployed in the promulgation of the Gospell as Calvin well observes whether Apostles Prophets Evangelist Pastors and Doctors and indeed none but them and in vaine shall we seeke for any other Presby ers or Elders in the Acts or Epistles of the blessed Apostles or in all following antiquity What to make therefore of those Elders or Presbyters which are now in question which saith Travers if you will speake properly are onely them that rule he were wise that could tell meerely civill they would not be for they take upon them Ecclesiasticall charges Meerly sacred and sprituall they are not for they are neither Bishops Priests nor Deacons Meerly Laik they would not be Bez. Resp ad S rav negat â—sse Laicos Clergimen they deny to be Those of old that served at the Altar were wont to be described by their Linnen vestures other men by wollen these are neither of both but a mixture of both a Linsey-wolsey contexture a composition which as God in type of what I now say not forbad under the Law so he never had use of it never acknowledged it under the Gospell How therefore in this fagge-end of the world they should come to have any new being in the Church it is enough for me to wonder if they affect to be seniores populi we would not grudge them this title but if seniores or Presbyteri Ecclesiae they have no more right to that than we Bishops have to Crownes and Scepters least any doubt should seeme ungrounded Beza who will not yeeld these Elders Laicks to grace them the more ubi supra ascribes to them some kinde of spirituall cure Abrah Henri thes Genev. The adminitration of the Word is given to the Elders but to another end c Uâ—judicius Ecclesiaticis praecuntibus pastoribus praesunt they feed the flock by governing they are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and preach after a sort in the reproofe of sin in their Consistory and yet he is faine to contra-distinguish them from teaching Elders and their stile forsooth is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 governments But tell me I beseech you deare brethren you that are so apt to affect and receive a forraigne discipline tell me in good earnest can you think this to be the feeding of the flock of Christ which S Paul requires of the Elders at Ephesus Acts 20. can you thinke these men to bee such as the Apostle there speakes of In quo Dominus vos constituit Episcopos enchargingthem with the flocke over which Christ hath made them Bishops Was ever any lay Elder stiled by that name Doth not Calvin himselfe confesse at the Presbyters both there mentioned and Titus 1.5 are no other Doctors and Teachers because in both places they areâ—st led bishops And was there ever heard of a Lay-Bishop in the world Those sacrileâ— ious excepted in some parts of Germany who retaine nothing of that divine order but lands and name Yea my brethren why are ye willing to be deceived who ever spake or heard of a Lay-Presbyter in all the Church of God till this age Take the terme as it is We are forced upon this epithete for distinction sake not out of any scornefull intent of discouraging Gods people we know that in a generall acception they are all the Lords inheritance but because there is a necessary difference to bee put betwixt them whom God hath separated to his owne immediate service in the Ministerie and those Christians which are under them in their
reader see on what shelves of sand this late Allobrogicall device is erected shortly then let the abettors of the discipline pretended lay their heads together and agree what it is that we may trust to for Christs Ordinance and that once done let them expect our condescent till then and we shall desire no longer let them forbeare to gild their owne fancies with the glorious name of Christs Kingdome §. 6. The imperfections and defects which must needs be yeelded to follow upon the discipline pretended and the necessary inconveniences that must attend it in a kingdome otherwise setled THIS uncertainty of opinion cannot choose but produce an answerable imperfection in the practice whiles some Churches which hold themselves in a Parochiall absolutenesse necessarily furnished with all the equipage of discipline must needs finde those defective which want it so as the Genevian and French Churches and those of their correspondence which goe all by divisions of Presbyteries must needs by our late reformers be found to come short of that perfection of Christs kingdom which themselves have attained Those Churches which have no Doctors those which have no Deacons those which have no Widdowes what case are they in And how few have all these Neither is the imperfection more palpable and fatall where these ordinances are missing then is the absurdity and inconvenience of entertaining them where they are wisht to be for howsoever where some new State is to be erected especially in a popular forme or a new City to be contrived with power of making their owne Lawes there might perhaps be some possibility of complying in way of polâ—cie with some of the rules of this pretended Church-government yet certainly in a Monarchiall State fully setled and a Kingdome divided into severall Townships and Villages some whereof are small and farre distant from the rest no humane wit can comprehend how it were possible without an utter subversion to reduce it to these termes I shall take leave to instance in some particulars the strong inexpediences and difficulties whereof will arise to little lesse than either grosse absurdity or utter impossibility Can it therefore be possible in such a kingdome as our happy England is where there are thousands of small village-parishâ—s I speak according to the plots of our own laâ—est reformers for every Parish to furnish an â—cclâ—siasticall Consiâ— tory consisting of one or more Pastors a Doctor Elders Deacons perhaps there are not so many houses as offices are required And whom shall they then be Iudges of And some of these so farre remote from neighbours that they cannot participate of theirs either teaching or censure And if this were faisible what stuffe would there be Perhaps a young indiscreet giddy Pastour and for a Doctor who and where and what Iohn a Nokes and Iohn a Stiles the Elders Smug the Smith a Deacon and whom or what should these rule but themselves and their plougshares And what censures trow we would this grave Consistory inflict What decisions would they make of the doubts and controversies of their Parish What orders of government For even this Parochiall Church hath the soveraignty of Ecclesiasticall jurisdiction If any of the fautors of the desired discipline dares deny thiâ— let him lookâ— to argue the case with his best friends who all are for this or nothing Else what means Cartwright to say that in such cases God powres out his gifts upon men called to these functions and makes them all new men Here are no miracles to be expected no enthâ—siasmes an honest â— hatcher will know how to hand his straw no whit better after his election than he did before and was as deeply politike before as now and equally wise and devout though perhaps he may take upon him some more state and gravity than he formerly did and what a mad world would it be that the Ecclesiasticall Lawes of such a company should be like those of the Medes and Persians irrevocable that there should be no appeale from them for as for Classes and Synods they may advise in cases of doubt but over-rule they may not And if a King should by occasion of his Court fixed in some such obscure Parish fall into the Censure even of such a Consistory or Presbytery where is he Excommunicable he is with them and what then may follow let a Buchanan speake Now were it possible that an Hockley in the hole or as Cartwright pleases to instance an Hitchin or Newington could yeeld us choice of such a worthy Senate yet whence shall the maintenance arise Surely as the host said upon occasion of a guest with too many titles we have not meat for so many it is well if a poore and painefull incumbent can but live But whence as the Disciples said should we have bread for all these And what doe you think of this lawlesse Polycoyranie That every Parish-Minister and his Eldership should be a Bishop and his Consistory yea a Pope and his Conclave of Cardinals within his owne Parish not subject to controlement not liable to a superiour Censure What doe you thinke of the power of Lay-men to binde and loose What of the equall power of votes in spirituall causes with their grave and learned Pastour What that those which are no Ministers should meddle with the Sacraments or should meddle with the Word and not with Sacraments To see a velvet cloake a gilt rapier and gingling spurres attending Gods Table To see a ruling Elder a better man than his Pastour Who knowes not Epist before Helvet Confes that it is the project of Beza and the present practice of Scotland that Noble-men or great Senatours should be Elders and perhaps at Geneva Deacons too and then how well will it become the house that great Lords should yeeld their Chaplaines to be the better men Danaeus de Eccles Disc c. 10. For as honest Daneus who knew the fashion well Longè est dissimile inferius c. The place of the Elders is utterly unlike and below the order of Pastours neither me thinks should it work any contenting peace to their great spirits to heare that upon their Consistoriall Bench their Peasantly-Tenant is as good as the best of them Artic. Genev. 7 and that if they looke awry to be so matched which T. C. suggests they disdaine not men but Christ These are but a handfull of those strange incongruities which will necessarily attend this mis-affected Discipline which certainly if they were not countervailed with other no lesse unjust contentments could never finde entertainment in any corner of the world but each man would rule and to be a King though of a mole-hill is happinesse enough Had men learned to inure their hearts to a peaceable and godly humility these quarrels had never been §. 7. The knowne newnesse of this invention and the quality of of the late authors or it BVt that which is aboue all other exceptions most undeniable and not least convictive and which
in the town of Kirkwall The Superintendent of Rosse his Dioecesse shall comprehend Rosse Sutherland Murray and the North Isles called the Skye and Lewes with their adjacents his residence shal be the Canonry of Rosse The Superintendent of Argile his Dioecesse shall be Argile Kintire Lorne the South Isles Argile and Boot with their adjacents his residence is at Argile The like of the Superintendent of Aberdene the Superintendent of Breckin the Superintendent of Fiffe the Superintendent of Edinburgh the Superintendent of Iedburgh the Superintendent of Glasgow the Superintendent of Dumfreys all of them bounded with their severall jurisdictions which who desires to know particularly may have recourse to the learned Discourse of D Lindsey then Bishop of Brechen concerning the proceedings of the Synod of Perth Where he shall also finde the particularities of the function and power of these Superintendents Amongst the rest these That they have power to plant and erect Churches to set order and appoint Ministers in their Countreys That after they have remained in their chiefe townes three or foure moneths they shall enter into their Visitation in which they shall not onely preach but examine the life diligence and behaviour of the Ministers as also they shall trie the estate of their Churches and manners of the people They must consider how the poore are provided and the youth instructed they must admonish where admonitions need and redresse such things as they are able to appease They must note such crimes as are hainous that by the censures of the Church the same may be corrected And now what main difference I beseech you can you finde betwixt the office of these Superintendents and the present Bishops How comes it then about that the wind is thus changed That those Church-governours which your owne reformers with full consent allowed and set downe an Order for their Election in your Constitutions before the Book of Psalms in Meeter should now be cashiered There and then M. Knox himselfe whose name you professe to honour by the publike authority of the Church conceives publike prayer for M. Iohn Spotteswood then admitted Superintendent of Lothian in these words O Lord send upon this our Brother unto whom we doe in thy name commit the chiefe charge of the Churches of the division of Lothian such a portion of thy holy Spirit as that c. And in the name of the Church blesseth his new Superintendent thus God that hath called thee to the office of a watchman over his people multiply the gifts of his grace in thee c. Now I beseech you how is this Superintendency lost That which was then both lawfull and usefull and confessed for no other then a calling from God is it now become sinfull and odious Are we become so much wiser and more zealous than our first reformers as there is distance betwixt a Superintendent and no Bishop But what is it the stroake the Bishops have in government and their seat in Parliament which is so great an eye-sore Let me put you in mind that your greatest patrons of your desired Discipline have strongly motioned an Ecclesiasticall Commission for the over-looking and over-ruling your Consistories and even when they would have Bishops excluded both out of those Comitiall Sessions Moved also to the Lords of the Counsell in Q Eliz. time by the humble Mot. and out of the Church yet have moved such was Beza's device long since for Scotland That in the place of Bishops there might be present in the Parliament-house some wise and grave Ministers of speciall gifts and learning sorted out of all the land to yeeld their Counsell according to Gods heavenly Law even as the Civill Iudges are ready to give their advice according to the temporall Law and for matters of greater difficulty What a world is this Grave and wise Ministers and yet no Bishops Doth our Episcopacie either abolish our Ministery or detract ought from wisdome and gravity Away with this absurd partiality But these must be to advise not to vote in any case beware of that where then is the third estate Beza's Counsell we see is yet alive but it comes not home to the purpose Welfare that bold Supplicator to Q. Elizabeth which moved that foure and twenty Doctors of Divinity to be called by such names as should please her Highnesse might be admitted into the Parliament House and have their voices there instead of the Bishops O impotent envie of poore humorists Doctors but no Bishops Any men any names but theirs the old word is Love creepes where it cannot goe How much are we beholden to these kinde friends who are so desirous to ease us of these unproper secularities Even ours at home can nibble at these as they think ill-placed honours and services yours goe alas too roundly to worke striking at the root of their Episcopacie not pruning off some superfluous twigs of priviledge rather than not strike home not caring whom they hit in the way would God I might not say even the Lords Anointed whom they verbally professe to honour at whose sacred Crowne and Scepter if any of the sons of Belial amongst you do secretly aime whiles they stalke under the pretence of opposition to Episcopacie the God of heaven find them out and powre upon them deserved confusion But for you alas Brethren what hopes can I conceive that these pre-judged papers can have any accesse to your eyes much lesse to your hearts my very Title is barre too much But if any of you will have so much patience as to admit these lines to your perusall I shall beseech him for Gods sake and for his own to be so farre indifferent also as not upon groundlesse suggestion to abandon Gods Truth and Ordinance and out of meere opinion of the worth of some late Authour to adore an Idoll made of the earings of the people and fashioned out with the graving toole of a supposed skilfull Aaron Shortly after these poore well-meant howsoever I doubt ineffectuall endeavours my prayers shall not be wanting for your comfortable peace loyall obedience perfect happinesse Oh that the God of heaven would open your eyes that you may see the truth and compare what you have done with what you should doe how soone would you finde cause to retract your own decrees and to re-establish that true Ordinance of the living God which you have beene mis-induced to abandon §. 9. An exhortary conclusion to our brethren at home ANd for you my dearely beloved Brethren at home For Christs sake for the Churches sake for your soules sake be exhorted to hold fast to this holy Institution of your blessed Saviour and his unerring Apostles and blesse God for Episcopacie Doe but cast your eyes a little back and see what noble instruments of Gods glory he hath beene pleased to raise up in this very Church of ours out of this sacred vocation What famous servants of God what strong Champions of Truth and renowned Antagonists of Rome and her superstitions what admirable Preachers what incomparable Writers yea what constant and undaunted Martyrs and Confessours men that gave their blood for the Gospell and imbraced their fagots flaming which many gregarie Professours held enough to carry cold and painlesse To the wonder and gratulation of all forraigne Churches and to the unparallelable glory of this Church and Nation I could fill this page with such a Catalogue of them who are now in their heaven that come for the present to my thoughts besides those Worthies yet living both here and in Ireland who would be unwilling from my pen tO blush at their owne just praises as might justly shame and silence any gaine-sayer After that a malicious Libeller hath spit out all his poyson against Episcopacie and raked together out of all histories all the insolencies and ill offices which have in former ages been done by professedly Popish Prelates which do almost as much concerne us as all the Treasons and Murders of formerly male-contented persons can concerne him faine would I have him shew me what Christian Church under heaven hath in so short a time yeelded so many glorious Lights of the Gospell so many able and prevalent adversaries of Schisme and Antichristianisme so many eminent Authours of learned workes which shall out-bid time it selfe let envie grinde her teeth and eat her heart the memory of these worthy Prelates shall be ever sweet and blessed Neither doubt I but that it will please God out of the same rod of Aaron still to raise such blossomes and fruit as shall win him glory to all eternity Go you on to honour these your reverend Pastors to hate all factious withdrawings from that government which comes the nearest of any Church upon earth to the Apostolicall And that I may draw to Conclusion for the farther Confirmation of your good Opinion of the Bishops of your Great Britaine heare what Iacobus Lectius Iacob Lectius Prascriptionum Theologicarum l. 2. Nota. 2. the learned Civilian of Geneva in his Theologicall Prescriptions dedicated to the Consuls and Senate of Geneva saith of them De Episcoporum autem vestorum vocatione c. As for the calling of your Bishops saith he speaking to his Popish adversaries others have accurately written thereof and we shortly say that they have a show of an Ordinary Ministery but not the thing it selfe and that those onely are to be held for true and legitimate which Paul describes to us in his Epistles to Timothy and Titus Cujusmodi olim in magno illo Britanniarum regno extitisse atque etiamnum superesse subindeque eligi Episcopos non diffitemur Such kind of Bishops as we doe not deny but yeeld to have been of old and to be still at this day successively elected in the great Kingdome of Britaine Thus he when Geneva it selfe pleades for us why should we be our owne adversaries Let me therefore confidently shut up all with that resolute word of that blessed Martyr and Saint Ignatius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Let all things be done to the honour of God Give respect to your Bishop as you would God should respect you My soule for theirs which obey their Bishop Presbyters Deacons God grant that my portion may be the same with theirs And let my soule have the same share with that blessed Martyr that said so Amen FINIS