we_o have_v prove_v there_o be_v more_o christian_n in_o the_o world_n who_o deny_v this_o supremacy_n of_o rome_n than_o there_o be_v who_o do_v acknowledge_v it_o and_o if_o the_o belief_n of_o this_o infallible_a headship_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o you_o receive_v other_o article_n of_o faith_n this_o then_o be_v the_o most_o fundamental_a article_n of_o all_o other_o and_o aught_o to_o be_v the_o best_a attest_v and_o if_o our_o lord_n jesus_n have_v design_v to_o make_v s._n peter_n and_o his_o successor_n at_o rome_n not_o at_o antioch_n such_o supreme_a infallible_a judge_n we_o may_v expect_v he_o will_v have_v set_v down_o this_o article_n plain_o in_o holy_a scripture_n and_o not_o have_v leave_v his_o sole_a visible_a vicegerent_n to_o the_o suspicion_n of_o bear_v witness_n to_o himself_o as_o for_o that_o place_n matth._n xuj_o thou_o be_v peter_n and_o upon_o this_o rock_n will_v i_o build_v my_o church_n it_o be_v indeed_o by_o the_o pope_n in_o their_o forge_v decretal_n expound_v as_o a_o confirmation_n of_o their_o pretence_n to_o supremacy_n but_o the_o father_n take_v this_o rock_n not_o for_o s._n peter_n person_n but_o for_o his_o faith_n which_o he_o confess_v and_o for_o christ_n himself_o the_o object_n thereof_o so_o s._n augustine_n 13._o nazianzen_n testam_fw-la s._n cyril_n 4._o s._n chrysostome_n matth._n s._n ambrose_n 2._o and_o hilary_n 6._o expound_v the_o place_n and_o if_o so_o this_o belong_v no_o more_o to_o s._n peter_n than_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o apostle_n who_o confess_v the_o same_o faith_n and_o belong_v no_o otherwise_o to_o the_o pope_n than_o as_o he_o vary_v not_o from_o s._n peter_n faith_n and_o so_o far_o it_o belong_v to_o all_o orthodox_n bishop_n with_o respect_n to_o their_o several_a church_n and_o for_o the_o key_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n ver_fw-la 19_o they_o be_v give_v as_o much_o to_o the_o other_o apostle_n as_o to_o s._n peter_n matth._n xviii_o 18_o as_o also_o the_o aforesaid_a father_n do_v observe_v be_v all_o equal_o sharer_n in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n 38._o and_o all_o foundation_n as_o well_o as_o s._n peter_n 118._o 1._o so_o that_o s._n cyprian_n plain_o tell_v we_o 6._o the_o rest_n of_o the_o apostle_n be_v as_o great_a as_o peter_n 1._o endow_v with_o a_o equal_a share_n of_o honour_n and_o power_n eccles_n nor_o do_v we_o find_v that_o ever_o s._n peter_n pretend_v to_o any_o power_n over_o the_o other_o apostle_n peter_n james_n and_o john_n though_o prefer_v by_o christ_n say_v eusebius_n before_o the_o rest_n challenge_v not_o to_o themselves_o the_o glory_n of_o primacy_n but_o choose_v james_n the_o just_a bishop_n of_o the_o apostle_n 1._o and_o if_o any_o be_v great_a it_o be_v s._n james_n who_o be_v precedent_n in_o that_o first_o council_n at_o jerusalem_n and_o do_v determine_v the_o question_n there_o though_o s._n peter_n be_v present_a 13._o yea_o clemens_n bishop_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o first_o decretal_a epistle_n a_o good_a evidence_n against_o the_o inventor_n thereof_o style_v this_o very_a s._n james_n bishop_n of_o bishop_n govern_v the_o holy_a church_n of_o the_o hebrew_n at_o jerusalem_n and_o also_o all_o the_o church_n which_o be_v every_o where_o found_v by_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n epist_n and_o a_o ancient_a council_n call_v jerusalem_n the_o mother_n of_o all_o church_n dam._n but_o as_o for_o the_o primacy_n of_o rome_n there_o be_v no_o genuine_a author_n for_o the_o first_o three_o century_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o it_o and_o aeneas_n silvius_n 288._o afterward_o pope_n confess_v there_o be_v little_a respect_n pay_v to_o rome_n before_o the_o nicene_n council_n if_o polycrates_n and_o the_o asian_a bishop_n have_v know_v of_o this_o infallibility_n and_o supremacy_n they_o will_v not_o have_v oppose_v pope_n victor_n opinion_n nor_o despise_v his_o excommunication_n so_o bold_o as_o they_o do_v neither_o will_v irenaeus_n who_o call_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n no_o more_o but_o presbyter_n have_v presume_v to_o reprove_v the_o same_o victor_n for_o his_o arrogance_n and_o indiscretion_n as_o we_o find_v he_o do_v 24._o s._n cyprian_n sure_o never_o hear_v of_o this_o power_n of_o the_o roman_a bishop_n who_o call_v cornelius_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_v no_o more_o but_o brother_n and_o colleague_n and_o give_v to_o pope_n stephen_n his_o successor_n at_o rome_n the_o title_n of_o false_a apostle_n schismatic_a friend_n to_o heretic_n and_o enemy_n to_o christian_n utter_o despise_v his_o judgement_n and_o not_o regard_v his_o determination_n 74._o beside_o if_o this_o supremacy_n have_v be_v believe_v in_o the_o first_o age_n of_o the_o church_n the_o roman_a bishop_n sense_n will_v have_v be_v inquire_v of_o concern_v all_o controvert_v place_n of_o scripture_n his_o decree_n cite_v to_o silence_n heretic_n and_o all_o appeal_n must_v have_v be_v make_v final_o to_o he_o he_o also_o shall_v have_v call_v and_o preside_v in_o all_o eminent_a council_n whereas_o cardinal_n cusanus_fw-la affirm_v that_o the_o emperor_n or_o their_o deputy_n be_v precedent_n in_o eight_o general_a council_n 6._o nor_o do_v the_o four_o general_n council_n at_o chalcedon_n suppose_v that_o the_o roman_a bishop_n have_v any_o supremacy_n give_v he_o from_o christ_n when_o that_o council_n say_v rome_n have_v just_o have_v the_o privilege_n give_v unto_o it_o by_o the_o father_n because_o it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n they_o grant_v equal_a privilege_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o constantinople_n 451._o yea_o s._n gregory_n bishop_n of_o rome_n say_v the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n of_o chalcedon_n be_v they_o who_o offer_v his_o predecessor_n the_o title_n of_o universal_a bishop_n which_o yet_o they_o accept_v not_o 30._o and_o to_o convince_v we_o that_o this_o universal_a supremacy_n be_v a_o late_a device_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o unknown_a to_o other_o in_o the_o first_o age_n but_o to_o the_o very_a pope_n themselves_o as_o these_o few_o instance_n will_v show_v liberius_n bishop_n of_o rome_n an._n 350._o send_v the_o confession_n of_o his_o faith_n to_o athanasius_n desire_v his_o approbation_n thereof_o that_o i_o may_v know_v say_v he_o whether_o i_o be_o of_o the_o same_o judgement_n with_o you_o in_o matter_n of_o faith_n and_o that_o i_o may_v be_v more_o certain_a and_o ready_o obey_v your_o command_n epictet_n and_o when_o the_o bishop_n of_o constantinople_n begin_v to_o call_v himself_o universal_a bishop_n pope_n gregory_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o mauritius_n the_o emperor_n say_v he_o admire_v at_o the_o arrogance_n of_o assume_v this_o new_a title_n which_o none_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v ever_o accept_v of_o a_o title_n blasphemous_a to_o christian_a ear_n and_o with_o many_o other_o word_n he_o inveigh_v against_o this_o title_n as_o unfit_a for_o any_o christian_a bishop_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o his_o epistle_n 38._o and_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o eulogius_n patriarch_n of_o alexandria_n he_o be_v displease_v that_o eulogius_n write_v to_o he_o by_o the_o proud_a title_n of_o universal_a bishop_n desire_v he_o whole_o to_o forbear_v that_o language_n for_o say_v he_o that_o be_v a_o diminution_n to_o you_o which_o be_v afford_v to_o another_o beyond_o what_o reason_n do_v require_v and_o he_o there_o tell_v eulegius_fw-la that_o the_o council_n of_o chalcedon_n have_v offer_v this_o title_n to_o the_o old_a bishop_n of_o rome_n but_o they_o will_v not_o accept_v it_o 30._o of_o which_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n in_o another_o epistle_n because_o if_o one_o patriarch_n be_v call_v universal_a the_o name_n of_o patriarch_n be_v take_v from_o the_o rest_n 36._o and_o so_o little_a do_v pope_n boniface_n think_v of_o derive_v his_o supremacy_n from_o christ_n that_o with_o entreaty_n he_o obtain_v of_o the_o intrude_a emperor_n phocas_n to_o decree_n that_o the_o roman_a church_n shall_v be_v head_n of_o all_o church_n mundi_fw-la as_o the_o ancient_a historian_n witness_v 11._o but_o this_o imperial_a constitution_n will_v scarce_o justify_v the_o supremacy_n and_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o pope_n now_o claim_v over_o all_o the_o world_n tertii_fw-la and_o it_o utter_o destroy_v the_o pretence_n of_o a_o divine_a right_n to_o it_o 1._o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o relate_v at_o large_a all_o the_o step_n by_o which_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n attain_v to_o their_o present_a grandeur_n 4._o i_o shall_v therefore_o only_o note_v that_o the_o first_o age_n begin_v early_o to_o complain_v of_o his_o encroachment_n and_o ambition_n 75._o and_o all_o succeed_a time_n frequent_o oppose_v the_o pope_n pretence_n herein_o the_o six_o council_n of_o carthage_n allow_v not_o his_o claim_n of_o appeal_n 419._o the_o bishop_n of_o france_n complain_v of_o his_o send_v a_o legate_n to_o dedicate_v a_o
notwithstanding_o their_o mouldy_a pretence_n as_o if_o they_o have_v come_v from_o far_o and_o be_v descend_v from_o ancient_a time_n their_o true_a original_a be_v much_o late_a and_o near_o to_o this_o present_a age._n and_o now_o second_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o determine_v that_o as_o the_o roman_a be_v not_o the_o old_a religion_n so_o neither_o aught_o the_o professor_n of_o it_o to_o appropriate_v to_o themselves_o the_o name_n of_o catholic_n for_o whether_o we_o take_v it_o in_o the_o primary_n and_o grammatical_a sense_n for_o universal_a or_o in_o its_o common_a acceptation_n for_o true_a believer_n the_o romanist_n have_v no_o peculiar_a right_n to_o this_o venerable_a title_n first_o because_o their_o faith_n in_o those_o point_n wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v not_o universal_a for_o as_o the_o judicious_a mr._n brerewood_n compute_v the_o christian_n hold_v the_o faith_n of_o rome_n be_v not_o above_o a_o four_o part_n of_o those_o who_o believe_v in_o christ_n rel._n and_o the_o excellent_a author_n of_o europae_n speculum_fw-la etc._n thus_o make_v out_o the_o account_n the_o greek_a church_n say_v he_o in_o number_n exceed_v any_o other_o and_o the_o protestant_n in_o number_n and_o circuit_n of_o territory_n be_v very_o near_o equal_a to_o the_o papal_a part_n these_o be_v two_o four_o part_n to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v the_o oriental_a christian_n which_o be_v not_o of_o the_o roman_a communion_n and_o those_o under_o prester_n john_n or_o the_o abassine_n christian_n we_o have_v another_o four_o part_n of_o the_o christian_a people_n and_o then_o the_o romanist_n be_v but_o one_o four_o part_n of_o christian_n only_o and_o it_o be_v very_o odd_a to_o say_v that_o the_o four_o part_n be_v the_o whole_a and_o sure_o my_o friend_n you_o can_v serious_o think_v the_o roman_a church_n to_o be_v the_o universal_a or_o catholic_n church_n in_o this_o sense_n when_o you_o remember_v that_o the_o pope_n authority_n be_v not_o acknowledge_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o those_o christian_n live_v in_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n with_o the_o plantation_n thereunto_o belong_v nor_o by_o those_o of_o denmark_n and_o sweden_n nor_o by_o those_o of_o transylvania_n walachia_n and_o moldavia_n nor_o by_o the_o large_a church_n of_o russia_n nor_o by_o the_o populous_a state_n and_o province_n of_o the_o dutch_a with_o their_o many_o plantation_n abroad_o nor_o by_o at_o least_o five_o part_n of_o six_o of_o the_o vast_a country_n of_o upper_a germany_n nor_o by_o two_o part_n of_o three_o of_o the_o swisser_n nor_o by_o those_o of_o geneva_n and_o piedmont_n nor_o by_o very_o many_o in_o france_n hungary_n poland_n etc._n etc._n how_o many_o million_o of_o christian_n be_v there_o in_o the_o eastern_a world_n who_o have_v no_o dependence_n on_o the_o roman_a church_n the_o christian_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n proper_o so_o call_v under_o the_o three_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n alexandria_n and_o antioch_n those_o of_o armenia_n who_o be_v profess_v enemy_n of_o rome_n and_o yearly_o excommunicate_v the_o pope_n the_o georgian_a christian_n with_o many_o other_o lesser_a name_n in_o asia_n the_o abassine_a christian_n in_o africa_n all_o these_o be_v not_o of_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o therefore_o how_o can_v that_o church_n pretend_v to_o the_o title_n of_o universal_a or_o catholic_n in_o this_o sense_n but_o second_o if_o you_o say_v you_o be_v catholic_n that_o be_v true_a believer_n in_o all_o point_n i_o desire_v you_o to_o consider_v that_o none_o say_v so_o but_o yourselves_o and_o it_o be_v suspicious_a their_o witness_n be_v not_o true_a who_o bear_v witness_v to_o themselves_o s._n john_n v._n 31._o and_o where_o so_o many_o article_n of_o faith_n be_v new_a it_o be_v probable_a some_o be_v false_a since_o the_o old_a thing_n in_o religion_n be_v the_o true_a and_o the_o best_a so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a enquiry_n the_o church_n of_o england_n may_v more_o just_o claim_v the_o title_n of_o catholic_n because_o the_o principle_n thereof_o be_v few_o and_o clear_o deduce_v from_o scripture_n believe_v in_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o universal_o receive_v by_o all_o sort_n of_o christian_n who_o differ_v in_o some_o ceremony_n but_o for_o the_o point_n which_o this_o church_n account_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n the_o whole_a christian_a world_n general_o agree_v in_o they_o and_o since_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o most_o universal_a you_o will_v be_v more_o true_o of_o the_o old_a religion_n and_o more_o proper_o style_v catholic_n by_o embrace_v the_o faith_n profess_v in_o your_o own_o country_n and_o disow_v those_o who_o damn_v all_o christian_n but_o they_o of_o their_o own_o party_n although_o it_o be_v evident_a there_o be_v in_o the_o world_n christian_n far_o more_o in_o number_n than_o they_o and_o among_o those_o many_o equal_a in_o learning_n and_o superior_a in_o piety_n to_o the_o best_a of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o be_v reprobate_v and_o sentence_v to_o eternal_a flame_n by_o their_o uncharitable_a anathema_n section_n ii_o whether_o the_o say_v opinion_n be_v not_o introduce_v for_o evil_a end_n although_o all_o this_o be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o acknowledge_v by_o your_o own_o writer_n yet_o i_o must_v expect_v the_o venerable_a esteem_v you_o have_v so_o long_o have_v for_o the_o roman_a church_n will_v make_v you_o slow_a to_o believe_v this_o deserve_a charge_n of_o innovation_n and_o perhaps_o you_o will_v wonder_v how_o so_o pure_a so_o celebrate_v and_o so_o orthodox_n a_o church_n as_o rome_n primitive_a be_v shall_v vary_v so_o much_o from_o her_o first_o faith_n yet_o since_o the_o change_n be_v so_o evident_a and_o so_o well_o attest_v i_o hope_v at_o least_o your_o curiosity_n will_v tempt_v you_o to_o inquire_v first_o for_o what_o end_v she_o shall_v bring_v in_o these_o new_a doctrine_n second_o by_o what_o mean_v they_o become_v so_o general_o believe_v three_o of_o what_o nature_n the_o thing_n themselves_o be_v four_o whether_o there_o be_v authority_n sufficient_a in_o the_o roman_a church_n to_o impose_v they_o on_o the_o whole_a christian_n world_n five_o whether_o the_o catholic_n of_o england_n ought_v to_o be_v sway_v by_o that_o authority_n to_o embrace_v they_o and_o if_o in_o examine_v these_o particular_n any_o thing_n shall_v be_v speak_v which_o sound_v harsh_o to_o your_o ear_n accustom_v to_o hear_v nothing_o but_o encomium_n of_o rome_n i_o shall_v desire_v you_o to_o consider_v that_o truth_n be_v seldom_o grateful_a to_o offender_n and_o i_o must_v say_v with_o one_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o pope_n life_n we_o relate_v these_o thing_n because_o they_o be_v do_v and_o if_o the_o pope_n will_v not_o have_v base_a or_o evil_a thing_n report_v of_o they_o they_o must_v do_v no_o such_o thing_n or_o if_o they_o do_v they_o not_o fancy_n they_o can_v be_v so_o conceal_v as_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v know_v nor_o relate_v to_o posterity_n papyrius_n masson_n de_fw-fr vit._n pont._n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o profess_v i_o take_v no_o delight_n in_o accusation_n nor_o shall_v i_o say_v any_o thing_n out_o of_o malice_n to_o that_o church_n but_o out_o of_o pity_n to_o the_o soul_n of_o those_o who_o without_o reason_n dote_v upon_o it_o if_o you_o inquire_v what_o end_v the_o roman_a church_n can_v have_v to_o bring_v in_o these_o new_a doctrine_n i_o reply_v the_o first_o decay_n of_o that_o church_n begin_v in_o her_o manner_n for_o after_o there_o be_v christian_a magistrate_n say_v s._n hierome_n the_o church_n become_v full_a of_o riches_n and_o empty_a of_o virtue_n malach._n and_o for_o the_o roman_a bishop_n they_o begin_v very_o early_o to_o affect_v a_o dominion_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o priesthood_n as_o socrates_n note_n 11._o which_o make_v s._n basil_n say_v thirteen_o hundred_o year_n ago_o i_o hate_v the_o pride_n of_o that_o church_n 32._o and_o cause_v a_o heathen_a historian_n of_o that_o age_n to_o say_v the_o roman_a bishop_n be_v rich_o clad_v carry_v in_o litter_n and_o profuse_a in_o their_o feast_n 27._o but_o the_o fault_n of_o that_o age_n be_v small_a in_o respect_n of_o aftertime_n for_o as_o their_o wealth_n and_o power_n increase_v their_o manner_n grow_v still_o worse_o and_o worse_o as_o we_o find_v by_o the_o complaint_n of_o salvian_n and_o many_o other_o till_o at_o length_n about_o the_o nine_o age_n your_o own_o baronius_n say_v the_o face_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n be_v become_v most_o filthy_a when_o lewd_a and_o potent_a courtesan_n sway_v all_o there_o at_o who_o pleasure_n see_v be_v change_v bishop_n place_v and_o which_o be_v horrid_a to_o pious_a ear_n their_o paramour_n be_v thrust_v into_o s._n peter_n '_o s_o chair_n false_a pope_n which_o
church_n there_o as_o a_o undue_a act_n contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a canon_n and_o all_o primitive_a constitution_n for_o though_o say_v the_o historian_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n for_o the_o dignity_n of_o his_o apostolical_a seat_n be_v more_o venerable_a than_o other_o bishop_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o in_o any_o thing_n to_o transgress_v the_o tenor_n of_o canonical_a rule_n and_o as_o every_o bishop_n of_o the_o orthodox_n church_n be_v the_o spouse_n of_o his_o own_o see_v and_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o our_o saviour_n so_o it_o can_v agree_v to_o any_o bishop_n bold_o to_o act_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o another_o 4._o the_o like_a check_n the_o pope_n frequent_o receive_v for_o meddle_v in_o france_n from_o the_o prince_n of_o that_o nation_n 863._o about_o that_o time_n also_o the_o bishop_n of_o italy_n complain_v of_o the_o roman_a usurpation_n to_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n an._n as_o appear_v by_o photius_n letter_n 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statute_n of_o your_o own_o country_n you_o must_v needs_o know_v that_o the_o authority_n which_o the_o pope_n once_o exercise_v here_o be_v get_v by_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o our_o king_n and_o the_o division_n among_o the_o people_n and_o in_o those_o time_n which_o be_v account_v most_o popish_a it_o be_v check_v by_o law_n complain_v of_o in_o parliament_n and_o think_v a_o oppression_n by_o the_o wise_a and_o great_a subject_n so_o that_o the_o most_o noble_a hen._n de_fw-fr lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n in_o his_o die_a speech_n to_o his_o son_n in_o law_n thomas_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n say_v among_o other_o thing_n that_o the_o church_n of_o england_n heretofore_o honourable_a and_o free_a be_v now_o enslave_v by_o romish_a oppression_n charge_v he_o to_o stand_v up_o like_o a_o man_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o church_n and_o the_o redemption_n of_o his_o country_n 20._o and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v debate_v in_o a_o council_n at_o london_n an._n 1408._o whether_o all_o payment_n and_o obedience_n to_o the_o pope_n shall_v not_o be_v take_v away_o 420._o which_o show_v they_o think_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o this_o nation_n to_o take_v away_o his_o authority_n here_o when_o they_o please_v and_o they_o retain_v it_o not_o as_o be_v necessary_o or_o original_o due_a to_o he_o but_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o be_v a_o bishop_n of_o a_o ancient_a apostolical_a seat_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o those_o instruction_n which_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o give_v to_o his_o ambassador_n send_v to_o pope_n martin_n the_o five_o bid_v they_o if_o they_o perceive_v any_o delay_n in_o their_o affair_n to_o tell_v the_o pope_n that_o their_o master_n the_o king_n if_o he_o yield_v not_o to_o his_o demand_n will_v use_v his_o own_o power_n in_o these_o particular_n for_o he_o do_v not_o apply_v himself_o to_o rome_n out_o of_o necessity_n but_o for_o respect_n sake_n 57_o and_o therefore_o 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confute_v a_o false_a opinion_n but_o establish_v the_o true_a let_v i_o entreat_v you_o impartial_o to_o consider_v that_o as_o it_o appear_v the_o pope_n be_v not_o dejure_v supreme_a head_n of_o this_o church_n of_o england_n so_o it_o be_v as_o evident_a that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v the_o supreme_a head_n of_o the_o church_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n for_o indeed_o all_o christian_a prince_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o in_o their_o own_o dominion_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o constantine_n the_o great_a do_v retain_v the_o title_n of_o pontifex_n maximus_n without_o any_o blot_n to_o his_o christianity_n say_v baronius_n 312._o and_o the_o high_a appeal_n in_o all_o controversy_n ecclesiastical_a even_o in_o matter_n of_o faith_n be_v make_v to_o he_o though_o he_o use_v the_o assistance_n and_o counsel_n of_o his_o bishop_n for_o determine_v they_o and_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n as_o cusanus_fw-la before_z confess_v do_v call_v and_o preside_v in_o all_o general_n council_n and_o ratify_v their_o decree_n which_o be_v no_o law_n till_o they_o be_v stamp_v with_o the_o imperial_a authority_n yea_o the_o imperial_a code_n sufficient_o witness_n that_o the_o emperor_n be_v make_v law_n concern_v religion_n the_o whole_a three_o book_n of_o justinian_n basilick_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o imperial_a constitution_n de_fw-fr episcopis_fw-la clericis_fw-la &_o sacris_fw-la they_o also_o erect_v patriarchates_n and_o give_v they_o supreme_a ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n over_o such_o province_n as_o they_o please_v as_o at_o justinianopolis_n in_o daeia_n 3._o and_o at_o ravenna_n in_o italy_n itself_o 432._o which_o have_v no_o dependence_n on_o rome_n till_o the_o time_n of_o constantinus_n pogon_n and_o all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n depend_v on_o the_o emperor_n say_v socrates_n 5._o so_o that_o pope_n anastasius_n call_v the_o
emperor_n anastasius_n the_o vicar_n of_o god_n by_o the_o divine_a command_n preside_v over_o the_o earth_n 507._o a_o authority_n like_o this_o also_o be_v exercise_v by_o the_o western_a emperor_n of_o the_o french_a line_n be_v stayled_a the_o ruler_n of_o the_o true_a religion_n a_o title_n give_v to_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o to_o ludovicus_n by_o two_o several_a council_n which_o they_o have_v call_v 2._o and_o the_o present_a french_a king_n do_v claim_v the_o supremacy_n over_o the_o french_a church_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o â—â—ohellus_fw-la and_o p._n pithâ—us_n cite_v before_o sect._n 5._o one_o of_o the_o french_a writer_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o his_o nation_n that_o le_fw-fr royiassisté_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr conseil_n d'estate_fw-la est_fw-la â—â—â—es_fw-la diâ—â—_n chief_a terrieâ—_n de_fw-fr l'eglise_fw-fr de_fw-fr son_fw-fr royanme_n &_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pape_n 234._o and_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v concern_v other_o christian_a prince_n that_o they_o allow_v not_o the_o pope_n to_o impose_v his_o decree_n on_o their_o kingdom_n nor_o to_o exercise_v any_o jurisdiction_n among_o they_o but_o by_o their_o special_a licence_n and_o consent_n and_o prohibit_v his_o exercise_v any_o power_n over_o their_o subject_n when_o they_o please_v and_o why_o may_v not_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v a_o free_a and_o absolute_a monarch_n be_v allow_v as_o great_a a_o privilege_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n do_v you_o not_o tell_v we_o that_o pope_n eleutherius_fw-la call_v king_n lucius_n by_o the_o title_n of_o vicar_n of_o christ_n spelmâ—_n and_o do_v not_o king_n edgar_n call_v himself_o christ_n vicar_n 438._o and_o none_o tax_v this_o title_n then_o do_v not_o the_o saxon_a king_n preside_v in_o all_o national_a council_n and_o make_v law_n for_o religion_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o their_o own_o bishop_n by_o their_o own_o authority_n do_v they_o not_o erect_v new_a see_v for_o bishop_n and_o change_v they_o as_o they_o see_v fit_a do_v they_o not_o invest_v all_o bishop_n by_o deliver_v the_o ring_n and_o pastoral_n staff_n 902._o and_o the_o same_o power_n be_v still_o exercise_v by_o k._n william_n the_o conqueror_n for_o all_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a depend_v on_o his_o order_n say_v a_o old_a historian_n 6._o and_o when_o the_o pope_n begin_v to_o encroach_v upon_o the_o king_n supremacy_n here_o in_o england_n he_o be_v general_o oppose_v as_o we_o note_v before_o and_o in_o the_o aforesaid_a parliament_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o the_o nation_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o endure_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v submit_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n by_o he_o defeat_v and_o avoid_v at_o his_o pleasure_n 5._o for_o bracton_n our_o most_o famous_a lawyer_n affirm_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v no_o supreme_a on_o earth_n but_o god_n and_o according_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n of_o this_o 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have_v do_v they_o who_o you_o account_v good_a catholic_n reject_v his_o doctrine_n sometime_o despise_v his_o bull_n and_o excommunication_n frequent_o and_o always_o oppose_v his_o pretend_a claim_n of_o a_o supremacy_n over_o this_o nation_n why_o shall_v you_o call_v that_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n and_o account_v it_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o religion_n viz._n that_o england_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o rome_n which_o even_o in_o those_o you_o call_v catholic_n time_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v no_o less_o than_o treason_n and_o no_o other_o than_o a_o opinion_n that_o do_v destroy_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n the_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n of_o this_o church_n the_o freedom_n and_o quiet_a of_o all_o english_a subject_n they_o be_v romanist_n in_o other_o point_n who_o condemn_v appeal_n to_o rome_n and_o maintain_v that_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v in_o no_o earthly_a subjection_n and_o that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o supreme_a but_o god_n only_o who_o count_v all_o the_o power_n which_o the_o pope_n ever_o have_v here_o mere_o permissive_a tolerate_v by_o this_o nation_n so_o long_o as_o they_o please_v and_o such_o as_o may_v be_v curb_v lessen_v hinder_v or_o take_v away_o by_o the_o supreme_a authority_n of_o this_o nation_n when_o ever_o they_o see_v expedient_a it_o be_v a_o king_n and_o parliament_n of_o your_o religion_n in_o most_o point_n that_o restore_v the_o king_n to_o his_o just_a supremacy_n and_o take_v away_o the_o precarious_a or_o usurp_a and_o much_o abuse_v power_n of_o the_o roman_a bishop_n here_o they_o think_v a_o supremacy_n in_o spiritual_n as_o to_o this_o kingdom_n be_v more_o than_o he_o have_v any_o right_n to_o but_o he_o and_o his_o agent_n expect_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o over-rule_v the_o temporal_a law_n also_o methinks_v if_o you_o have_v the_o nobleness_n and_o gallantry_n of_o true_a english_a spirit_n your_o affection_n for_o the_o roman_a church_n shall_v not_o rob_v you_o of_o your_o love_n to_o your_o native_a country_n nor_o suffer_v you_o to_o endure_v those_o pretence_n which_o dishonour_v the_o king_n and_o despoil_v he_o of_o his_o ancient_a right_n and_o enslave_v this_o free_a church_n and_o nation_n to_o one_o that_o only_o seek_v his_o own_o end_n in_o claim_v this_o subjection_n for_o though_o the_o hold_v the_o pope_n supremacy_n do_v contribute_v to_o the_o support_n of_o his_o own_o grandeur_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o further_a any_o man_n salvation_n and_o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o do_v any_o good_a in_o those_o nation_n where_o it_o be_v allow_v he_o that_o it_o may_v be_v make_v appear_v the_o set_n up_o and_o abet_v this_o supremacy_n have_v occasion_v the_o murder_n of_o many_o prince_n stir_v up_o the_o complaint_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n and_o fill_v christendom_n for_o many_o age_n with_o massacre_n treason_n war_n and_o bloodshed_n 72._o which_o be_v so_o notorious_a in_o the_o german_a empire_n that_o it_o come_v to_o be_v a_o proverb_n say_v guiccardine_n it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o the_o church_n to_o hate_v the_o caesar_n and_o the_o mischief_n it_o have_v do_v in_o england_n by_o rifle_v the_o nation_n wealth_n before_o the_o reformation_n and_o disturb_v its_o quiet_a since_o be_v so_o well_o remember_v and_o so_o deep_o resent_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n that_o they_o will_v never_o endure_v that_o heavy_a yoke_n any_o more_o nor_o can_v they_o be_v persuade_v scarce_o ever_o to_o esteem_v they_o loyal_a subject_n or_o true_a to_o their_o country_n interest_n who_o do_v not_o renounce_v this_o unjust_a and_o odious_a jurisdiction_n why_o therefore_o o_o my_o friend_n will_v you_o be_v so_o imprudent_a to_o oppose_v the_o right_n and_o prerogative_n of_o your_o lawful_a sovereign_n the_o privilege_n of_o that_o church_n wherein_o you_o be_v bear_v the_o freedom_n and_o interest_n of_o your_o belove_a country_n the_o desire_n of_o your_o fellow-subject_n and_o best_a friend_n yea_o and_o your_o own_o liberty_n also_o why_o will_v you_o oppose_v i_o say_v all_o these_o mere_o to_o support_v a_o unjust_a and_o groundless_a power_n which_o no_o ecclesiastic_a aught_o to_o have_v any_o where_o much_o less_o in_o so_o remote_a and_o so_o free_a a_o monarchy_n to_o support_v a_o power_n which_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o security_n of_o the_o crown_n the_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o welfare_n of_o private_a person_n s._n peter_n never_o bid_v any_o to_o honour_v his_o successor_n the_o pope_n thus_o but_o his_o opinion_n be_v that_o you_o must_v submit_v to_o the_o king_n as_o supreme_a 1_o pet._n two_o 13._o and_o his_o counsel_n follow_v thereupon_o viz._n that_o you_o shall_v fear_v god_n and_o honour_n the_o king_n ver_fw-la 17._o s._n paul_n command_v every_o soul_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o high_a power_n rom._n xiii_o 1._o neither_o bishop_n nor_o apostle_n themselves_o be_v except_v say_v s._n chrysostome_n and_o s._n bernard_n tell_v pope_n eugenius_n that_o the_o apostle_n be_v forbid_v to_o exercise_v dominion_n luke_n xxii_o 25_o 26._o and_o therefore_o he_o add_v if_o you_o will_v have_v apostolical_a and_o royal_a power_n together_o you_o lose_v both_o 2._o final_o therefore_o it_o be_v unreasonable_a for_o the_o roman_a bishop_n to_o challenge_v such_o authority_n here_o and_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n forbid_v it_o so_o that_o i_o may_v expect_v you_o shall_v be_v so_o far_o from_o receive_v any_o article_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o this_o authority_n that_o you_o shall_v not_o scruple_n to_o renounce_v the_o authority_n itself_o which_o be_v so_o ill-gotten_a at_o first_o so_o wretched_o abuse_v while_o it_o do_v obtain_v and_o so_o legal_o take_v away_o at_o last_o and_o in_o so_o do_v you_o will_v demonstrate_v yourselves_o to_o be_v loyal_a to_o your_o king_n faithful_a to_o your_o country_n friend_n to_o your_o
own_o liberty_n and_o man_n of_o a_o un-inslaved_n understanding_n section_n vii_o advice_n to_o the_o english_a catholic_n to_o forsake_v the_o opinion_n of_o rome_n and_o embrace_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n to_o conclude_v as_o my_o pity_n to_o see_v you_o so_o miserable_o impose_v on_o have_v move_v i_o to_o endeavour_v by_o these_o plain_a and_o cogent_n argument_n to_o rescue_v you_o from_o that_o yoke_n which_o neither_o we_o nor_o our_o father_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v so_o my_o desire_n of_o your_o perfect_a freedom_n and_o my_o unfeigned_a wish_n for_o your_o temporal_a spiritual_a and_o eternal_a welfare_n do_v prompt_v i_o to_o advise_v you_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o this_o advice_n be_v not_o only_o ground_v upon_o the_o forego_n consideration_n but_o may_v be_v further_o press_v upon_o these_o motive_n 1._o if_o you_o consider_v the_o excellent_a method_n of_o our_o reformation_n which_o be_v so_o necessary_a at_o that_o time_n that_o for_o some_o age_n before_o the_o wise_a and_o best_a man_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v not_o only_o confess_v there_o be_v great_a need_n of_o it_o but_o have_v complain_v for_o want_v thereof_o and_o press_v the_o pope_n earnest_o thereunto_o witness_v the_o judicious_a epistle_n of_o rob._n grosthead_n that_o pious_a bish_n of_o lincoln_n to_o pope_n innocent_a the_o four_o yet_o to_o be_v see_v in_o our_o historian_n 1253._o the_o public_a complaint_n of_o the_o english_a church_n in_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n etc._n the_o private_a write_n of_o john_n gerson_n nich._n clemangis_n aeneas_n silvius_n afterward_o pope_n and_o many_o other_o and_o at_o least_o one_o hundred_o year_n before_o luther_n time_n a_o reformation_n be_v urge_v for_o in_o the_o pisane_n council_n 1411._o and_o that_o so_o strong_o that_o before_o the_o election_n of_o a_o pope_n the_o cardinal_n solemn_o promise_v who_o ever_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v choose_v pope_n that_o he_o will_v before_o the_o dissolution_n of_o that_o council_n reform_v the_o catholic_n church_n as_o well_o in_o the_o head_n as_o the_o member_n 16._o and_o when_o alexander_n the_o five_o be_v choose_v he_o promise_v to_o take_v care_n of_o a_o general_n reformation_n and_o that_o pious_a and_o learned_a man_n shall_v be_v choose_v in_o every_o nation_n to_o treat_v with_o the_o cardinal_n about_o it_o 836._o but_o after_o all_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o successor_n will_v ever_o reform_v either_o their_o doctrine_n or_o practice_n be_v more_o intent_n upon_o their_o private_a advantage_n than_o the_o general_a good_a and_o more_o move_v with_o cardinal_n scombergs_n counsel_n than_o by_o all_o the_o former_a complaint_n who_o tell_v the_o pope_n that_o by_o the_o reformation_n it_o will_v be_v confess_v that_o the_o thing_n provide_v against_o be_v deserve_o reprove_v by_o the_o lutheran_n which_o will_v be_v a_o great_a abet_v to_o their_o whole_a doctrine_n hist_o counc_fw-la trent_n l._n 1._o p._n 83._o which_o be_v to_o resolve_v to_o err_v always_o rather_o than_o to_o be_v think_v to_o have_v once_o err_v and_o herein_o the_o roman_a church_n be_v of_o the_o same_o humour_n with_o those_o gentile_n to_o who_o arnobius_n speak_v what_o you_o have_v once_o do_v without_o reason_n you_o defend_v lest_o you_o shall_v seem_v former_o to_o have_v be_v ignorant_a and_o you_o account_v it_o better_o not_o to_o be_v overcome_v than_o to_o yield_v to_o plain_a and_o confess_v truth_n 197._o wherefore_o since_o rome_n resolve_v not_o to_o reform_v england_n have_v first_o restore_v her_o king_n to_o his_o ancient_n and_o just_a supremacy_n resolve_v to_o reform_v itself_o without_o the_o pope_n leave_n or_o consent_n know_v full_a well_o they_o have_v authority_n sufficient_a among_o themselves_o to_o order_v the_o affair_n of_o religion_n which_o have_v be_v regulate_v many_o hundred_o year_n in_o this_o land_n by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o own_o bishop_n without_o any_o dependence_n on_o the_o pope_n at_o all_o thus_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n reform_v their_o kingdom_n of_o old_a thus_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n with_o leander_n bishop_n of_o sevil_n reform_v that_o kingdom_n from_o arianism_n without_o the_o pope_n 589._o and_o thus_o king_n edgar_n intend_v to_o proceed_v in_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o english_a church_n of_o old_a when_o he_o tell_v his_o own_o clergy_n i_o have_v constantine_n sword_n in_o my_o hand_n and_o you_o have_v peter_n in_o you_o 361._o that_o be_v we_o need_v no_o further_a authority_n or_o power_n to_o reform_v than_o what_o we_o have_v within_o ourselves_o the_o king_n of_o this_o nation_n with_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o their_o bishop_n baron_n and_o commons_o have_v be_v always_o wont_a to_o order_v ecclesiastical_a affair_n as_o they_o think_v meet_v not_o hee_v whether_o the_o pope_n be_v please_v or_o displease_v thereat_o and_o according_o this_o happy_a 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unto_o it_o ii_o you_o will_v be_v further_o persuade_v hereunto_o by_o consider_v the_o doctrine_n of_o this_o church_n which_o agree_v with_o primitive_a christianity_n in_o that_o it_o oblige_v you_o to_o believe_v nothing_o as_o of_o necessity_n to_o salvation_n but_o what_o may_v be_v plain_o prove_v our_o of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n you_o must_v still_o hold_v the_o three_o creed_n of_o the_o apostle_n of_o nice_a and_o of_o saint_n athanasius_n all_o which_o the_o church_n of_o england_n entire_o believe_v and_o he_o only_o be_v a_o heretic_n which_o follow_v not_o this_o holy_a rule_n say_v the_o constitution_n of_o theodosius_n and_o gratian_n but_o they_o be_v catholic_n that_o embrace_v it_o in_o this_o church_n we_o give_v as_o much_o honour_n to_o and_o obey_v more_o canon_n of_o the_o first_o four_o general_n council_n than_o they_o of_o rome_n do_v we_o approve_v of_o that_o exposition_n of_o scripture_n which_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o first_o three_o or_o four_o century_n yea_o we_o hold_v all_o that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n itself_o hold_v as_o necessary_a to_o salvation_n for_o five_o or_o six_o hundred_o year_n together_o and_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o a_o romanist_n may_v turn_v protestant_n without_o add_v any_o one_o article_n to_o his_o faith_n but_o a_o protestant_a can_v turn_v to_o rome_n unless_o he_o embrace_v many_o new_a article_n for_o our_o doctrine_n be_v general_o confess_v by_o both_o side_n to_o be_v true_a but_o those_o of_o the_o roman_a church_n be_v reject_v by_o our_o reformer_n as_o novel_a addition_n and_o such_o as_o have_v no_o good_a foundation_n in_o scripture_n nor_o genuine_a antiquity_n and_o therefore_o the_o protestant_a doctrine_n be_v the_o sure_a and_o safe_a as_o in_o which_o both_o side_n agree_v for_o example_n we_o and_o they_o both_o hold_v there_o be_v two_o state_n after_o this_o life_n heaven_n and_o hell_n but_o they_o add_v a_o 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they_o confess_v he_o be_v principal_o so_o but_o add_v that_o saint_n and_o angel_n be_v so_o in_o a_o inferior_a manner_n which_o we_o utter_o deny_v we_o say_v christ_n be_v real_o present_a in_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o altar_n this_o they_o confess_v but_o add_v he_o be_v corporal_o there_o by_o the_o transubstantiation_n of_o the_o bread_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o we_o deny_v we_o say_v the_o scripture_n be_v the_o rule_n of_o faith_n and_o they_o will_v not_o absolute_o deny_v it_o but_o add_v their_o own_o tradition_n which_o we_o reject_v we_o say_v there_o be_v xxii_o book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n canonical_a and_o they_o confess_v these_o all_o to_o be_v so_o but_o they_o add_v divers_a and_o call_v they_o canonical_a which_o we_o affirm_v to_o be_v apocryphal_a i_o can_v give_v more_o instance_n but_o these_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v that_o the_o protestant_a doctrine_n look_v most_o like_a the_o ancient_a as_o be_v receive_v by_o both_o party_n but_o the_o 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his_o clergy_n and_o advise_v with_o they_o about_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n a_o power_n to_o ratify_v that_o which_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n agree_v upon_o and_o give_v it_o the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n a_o power_n to_o choose_v fit_a person_n to_o govern_v the_o church_n a_o power_n to_o correct_v all_o offender_n against_o faith_n or_o manner_n be_v they_o clergy_n or_o layman_n and_o final_o a_o power_n to_o determine_v all_o cause_n and_o controversy_n ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a among_o his_o own_o subject_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o fit_a counsellor_n so_o as_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n from_o his_o determination_n and_o this_o be_v that_o we_o mean_v when_o we_o call_v he_o supreme_a governor_n of_o this_o church_n which_o our_o king_n must_v needs_o be_v or_o else_o he_o can_v keep_v his_o kingdom_n in_o peace_n beside_o for_o spiritual_a jurisdiction_n and_o sacred_a administration_n we_o have_v a_o patriarch_n of_o our_o own_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n primate_n of_o all_o england_n who_o vrban_n the_o second_o call_v the_o pope_n of_o the_o other_o world_n anselmo_n and_o his_o see_n be_v usual_o style_v the_o chair_n of_o the_o english_a patriarch_n 113._o and_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o patriarchates_n by_o a_o foreign_a writer_n 9_o and_o now_o his_o privilege_n and_o liberty_n be_v restore_v by_o law_n and_o his_o title_n and_o authority_n confirm_v so_o that_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n from_o he_o but_o to_o the_o king_n we_o have_v also_o right_o reverend_a bishop_n together_o with_o other_o inferior_a priest_n and_o deacon_n the_o only_a primitive_a and_o proper_a order_n of_o the_o clergy_n who_o can_v prove_v their_o ordination_n to_o be_v as_o goodas_fw-la any_o of_o the_o romish_a priest_n can_v do_v anglicano_n and_o be_v now_o consecrate_a and_o ordain_v by_o a_o more_o excellent_a form_n and_o more_o agree_v to_o the_o elder_a time_n than_o rome_n itself_o can_v show_v and_o if_o you_o will_v judge_v impartial_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o the_o clergy_n of_o england_n be_v altogether_o as_o learned_a and_o general_o more_o painful_a and_o pious_a than_o in_o any_o catholic_n country_n whatsoever_o our_o canon_n for_o ecclesiastical_a government_n be_v all_o found_v on_o the_o canon_n of_o ancient_a council_n as_o i_o can_v show_v by_o particular_a induction_n if_o time_n will_v permit_v and_o for_o the_o exercise_n of_o our_o discipline_n it_o be_v manage_v with_o more_o moderation_n and_o ease_v to_o the_o people_n than_o that_o of_o the_o roman_a church_n be_v four_o you_o may_v consider_v our_o divine_a service_n and_o sacred_a administration_n which_o as_o far_o as_o ever_o god_n make_v necessary_a to_o salvation_n may_v be_v have_v in_o this_o church_n we_o have_v the_o holy_a scripture_n plain_o translate_v learned_o interpret_v and_o practical_o preach_v we_o have_v daily_a prayer_n by_o a_o form_n so_o grave_a and_o so_o agreeable_a to_o the_o undoubted_a part_n of_o 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