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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A38749	The history of the church from our Lords incarnation, to the twelth year of the Emperour Maricius Tiberius, or the Year of Christ 594 / as it was written in Greek, by Eusebius Pamphilius ..., Socrates Scholasticus, and Evagrius Scholasticus ... ; made English from that edition of these historians, which Valesius published at Paris in the years 1659, 1668, and 1673 ; also, The life of Constantine in four books, written by Eusibius Pamphilus, with Constantine's Oration to the convention of the saints, and Eusebius's Speech in praise of Constantine, spoken at his tricennalia ; Valesius's annotations on these authors, are done into English, and set at their proper places in the margin, as likewise a translation of his account of their lives and writings ; with two index's, the one, of the principal matters that occur in the text, the other, of those contained in the notes.; Ecclesiastical history. English	Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340.; Socrates, Scholasticus, ca. 379-ca. 440. Ecclesiastical history. English.; Evagrius, Scholasticus, b. 536? Ecclesiastical history. English.; Eusebius, of Caesarea, Bishop of Caesarea, ca. 260-ca. 340. Life of Constantine. English.	1683 (1683)	Wing E3423; ESTC R6591	2,940,401	764

that what you do is not Rebellion but a just indignation entertained for some short time against those your Commanders by whom you had been injured For if you will not flie to the Emperour with all imaginable speed I indeed shall have done what is requisite both in discharge of that Benevolence I owe the State and of my friendship also towards you but I would have you consider what the Exits of Tyrants are For in what manner will you terminate the present State of affairs 'T is altogether impossible that you should continue together in a Body For whence shall the fruits of the Earth be brought into you or those conveniences which the Sea affords the Continent for a supply unless you wage War with Christians and on the other hand be involved in Wars brought upon you by them whereby you will commit and suffer the horridest Mischiefs Villanies and Reproaches imaginable And what will be the end hereof Being dispersed into all places you will spend the residue of your lives Revenge will forthwith overtake you and not suffer any Pardon to be granted you in future Give therefore your right hands and let us consider what is advantagious both to Our selves and to the Government in regard we have the Festivall Days of the Salutary Passion and of the most Holy Resurrection of Christ our God to give us assistance in that affair CHAP. XIII That after Gregorius's Speech the Souldiers changed their minds and received their Generall Philippicus again HAving uttered these words and shed many Tears by a certain Divine impulse as 't were he altered all their minds in a moment And they forthwith requested that they might go out of the Convention and consult apart by themselves concerning what was to be done Not long after which they returned and surrendred themselves to the arbitrement and will of the Bishop Who having nominated Philippicus to them that they should request him for their Leader their answer was that as to that matter they and the whole Army were oblieged by great Oaths Whereto Gregorius made this return without any the least hesitancy or delay that by divine permission he was a Priest and had power to loose and bind upon earth and in heaven and he put them in mind of the Divine Oracle When therefore they had acquiesced in this matter also he appeased God with Prayers and Supplications And having distributed to them the immaculate Body of Christ For it was a most solemn day the Second Feria which is near the Holy passion He entertained them all at a supper in number about two thousand persons ordering Beds whereon they might eat forthwith to be laid for them on the Grass and on the morrow returned home But 't was thought good that the Souldiers should meet together at what place they pleased Gregorius therefore sends for Philippicus who made his residence at Tarsus in Cilicia and was preparing for his journey to Constantinople Further he dispatcht away a Relation to the Emperour concerning these affairs wherewith he likewise sent the Petition of the Army in which they requested Philippicus might be their Commander Wherefore when Philippicus was arrived at Antioch the Army met him there and having taken out those persons who had been vouchsased Divine Regeneration to make an Address in their behalf they fall prostrate before him And when they had received his right hand in confirmation of an Amnesty of what was past they made an Expedition under his Command In this manner proceeded these affairs CHAP. XIV Concerning the taking of Martyropolis IN the interim one Sittas a Decanus in Martyropolis vext at an injury he had received from one of the Military Commanders there betrays the City to the Enemy observing the time when the Garrison lodged in that City was marched out of it and having brought in a Persian Cohort as if it had been a Roman one he possest himself of that City which was a place of great consequence to the Romans He kept most of the younger women within the City but turned out all other persons except some few servants Immediately therefore Philippicus made his march thither and having invested the City besieged it although he had none of those provisions necessary for a Siege Nevertheless he made use of what came next to hand in his Attacks and having wrought some Mines ruined one of the Towers but was not able to make himself Master of the City in regard the Persians sate up all night and repaired what had been beaten down When therefore the Romans had made frequent Attacks against the wall they were as often beat off For the Darts thrown upon them from an higher place very seldome mist the Mark they were designed against in so much that they were more damnified than they could do hurt to the Enemy within and therefore brake up the Siege And having marched off at some small distance Encamped but took particular care of this that no other supplies of Forces should be let in to those Persians Besieged But by the order of Mauricius Gregorius makes a journey to the Camp and perswades them to return to the Siege Nevertheless they were unable to effect any thing more than what they had done before in regard they were wholly destitute of warlike Engines commonly made use of in the Siege of Cities On which account the Army was sent into their Winter-Quarters But in the adjacent Castles severall Garrisons were left that the Persians might not by stealth get into the City And on the Summer following when the Roman Army was got into a body and the Persians had made an Expedition against the Romans there hapned a great Fight about Martyropolis In which Engagement Philippicus got the better and many of the Persians fell amongst whom was slain one vallant Prince but no small number of Persians got into Martyropolis which was the chief thing they designed to effect From thence forward the Romans resolved not to lay Siege to that City for it was impossible for them to take it by Force But they built another City at seven surlongs distance from Martyropolis upon mountainous and more inaccessible places that from thence they might infest it with Stratagems and Excursions And these things the Romans performed during the Summer but in the Winter the Army was dismist CHAP. XV. Concerning Comentiolus's Mastership of the Milice and the taking the Castle Ocbas AFter this Comentiolus by descent a Thracian is sent successour to Philippicus in the Mastership of the Milice He Engaged the Persians in a most couragious manner and wanted but little of loosing his life having been beaten down together with his horse had not one of his Guards mounted him on one of his Led-Horses and conveyed him out of the Fight Nevertheless the Persians were vanquished and fled having lost all their Commanders and made

you call it pretending your self ignorant who I am hear me plainly and freely making this profession I am a Christian now if you are desirous to learn the doctrine of Christianity allow me one days space and you shall hear it The Proconsul said perswade the people I have thought good answered Polycarp to give you an account for we are taught to attribute due honour such as is not prejudicial to our profession to Magistrates and powers which are ordained of God but I judge them unworthy of having an account given them of our faith The Proconsul said I have wild beasts to them I will cast thee unless you alter your mind Command them to be brought forth said Polycarp for our minds are not to be altered from better to worse but we account that change good which is from vice to virtuous actions He said again to him since you contemn the wild beasts I will give order that you be consumed by fire unless you change your mind You threaten me replied Polycarp with a fire that burns for an hour and soon after becomes extinct but you are ignorant of that fire of the future judgment and eternal punishment which is reserved for the impious but why doe you make delays Order which you will to be made use of upon me When he had spoken these and many other words he was filled with confidence and joy and his countenance was replenished with a comely gracefullness in so much that he was not onely not overwhelmed with terrour at what was said to him but on the contrary the Proconsul stood astonished and sent the Cryer to make Proclamation thrice in the midst of the Stadium Polycarp professeth himself to be a Christian at which words uttered by the Cryer the whole multitude both of Heathens and Jews who were inhabitants of Smyrna in a most furious rage and with a great noyse cryed out This is the Teacher of Asia The Father of the Christians The destroyer of our Gods who gives command to many men not to sacrifice nor adore the Gods Having said these words they cryed out and requested Philip the Asiarch to let forth a Lyon upon Polycarp But he made answer that that was not lawfull for him to doe because the Amphitheatrical shews or the hunting of the wild beasts were concluded Then they all cryed out with a joynt consent that Polycarp should be burnt alive For it was necessary that the vision which appeared to him upon his pillow should be fulfilled when being at prayer he saw that burning he turned to the brethren that were with him and said Prophetically I must be burnt alive These things therefore were with no less celerity done then they had been spoken the multitude immediately brought together wood and dried branches of trees out of their shops and from the Baths but the Jews especially most readily as it was their usage assisted in this business Now when the pile of wood for the fire was made ready Polycarp having unclothed himself and unloosed his girdle endeavoured also to put off his own shoes a thing which before he never did because every one of the faithfull continually strove who should soonest touch his skin for he was always reverenced for his godly course of life even before he came to be gray-headed presently therefore all the instruments prepared for the fiery pile were applied to and put about him but when they went about to nail him to the stake he said Let me be as I am for he that gives me strength to endure the fire will also grant that I shall continue within the pile unmoved and undisturbed by reason of my pain even without your securing me with nails so they did not make him fast to the stake with nails but onely bound him to it He therefore having put his hands behind him and being bound as it were a select Ram pickt out of a great flock to be offered as an acceptable Holocaust to Almighty God said Thou Father of thy well beloved and blessed Son Jesus Christ through whom we have received the knowledge of thee Thou God of Angels and powers and of the whole Creation and of all the generation of the Just who live in thy presence I bless thee because thou hast vouchsafed to bring me to this day and this hour wherein I may take my portion among the number of the Martyrs and of the cup of Christ in order to the resurrection both of soul and body to eternal life in the incorruption of the Holy Spirit among whom let me I beseech thee be this day accepted in thy sight as it were a sacrifice fat and well pleasing to thee according as thou hast prepared foreshewed and fulfilled thou God of truth who canst not lie wherefore also I praise thee for all these things I bless thee I glorifie thee through the eternal Highpriest Jesus Christ thy well beloved son through whom to thee together with him in the Holy Ghost be glory both now and for ever Amen When with a loud voice he had said Amen and made an end of praying the officers who had the charge about the fire kindled it and when there arose a great flame we who were permitted to see it and who are hitherto preserved alive to relate to others what then happened saw a wonderfull sight For the fire composing it self into the form of an arch or half circle like the fail of a ship swelled with the wind immured within a hollow space the body of the Martyr which being in the middle of it lookt not like burnt flesh but like gold or silver refining in a furnace and forthwith we smelt a most fragrant scent as if it had been the smell of frankincense or of some other of the pretious sweet scented spices In fine therefore when those impious wretches saw the body could not be consumed by the fire they commanded the Confector to approach it and sheath his sword in it which when he had done there issued forth so great a quantity of bloud that it extinguisht the fire and the whole multitude admired in that there was so great a difference shewed between the infidels and the Elect. Of which number this most admirable person was one who was the Apostolical and Prophetical doctour of our age and Bishop of the Catholick Church at Smyrna For every word which proceeded out of his mouth either hath been or shall be fulfilled But the envious and malevolent devil that deadly enemy to the generation of the just understanding the couragiousness of his Martyrdom and his unblameable conversation even from his youth and perceiving that he was now encircled in a Crown of immortality and had most undoubtedly obtained the glorious reward of his victory the devil I say used his utmost diligence that his body should not be born away by us Christians although many of us were desirous to doe it and to have been conversant with his sacred dead body Some

Imperial palace after various combats having finished their lives by being strangled obtained the rewards of a divine victory At the same time Anthimus the then Bishop of the Church of Nicomedia was beheaded for the testimony of Christ. With whom was joyned a great multitude of Martyrs For in those days by what accident I know not there happened a fire in the Imperial palace at Nicomedia Which being laid to our charge as the Authours thereof by a report grounded on a false suspicion all sorts of persons that were the worshippers of God in that City were destroyed by heaps some with the sword and others by fire At which time report says both men and women excited by a divine and unspeakable alacrity leapt into the fiery pile The executioners also having bound another great company in Boats cast them into the abysses of the Sea Moreover the bodies of those who were of the Bed-chamber to the Emperours having been interred with decent funeral obsequies they who were accounted their masters supposed it requisite to dig up again and cast them into the Sea least some as they thought should look upon them as Gods and worship them in after ages should they be let alone to rest in their graves Such were the exploits performed at Nicomedia in the beginning of the persecution But not long after when some attempted to possess themselves of the Empire in the region called Melitina and others in Syria an Imperial Edict arrived commanding that all the Governours of Churches every where should be bound and imprisoned The sight of what was done after that no expressions are sufficient to describe when infinite multitudes were every where committed to custody and the prisons in all places which in former times had been provided for murderers and robbers of the dead were then filled with Bishops Priests Deacons Readers and Exorcists insomuch that there was now no place left therein for those who had been condemned for their crimes Again when another Edict followed the former wherein it was commanded that those who were imprisoned if they would offer sacrifice should have their liberty to goe whither they pleased but if they refused should be cruciated with a thousand tortures the multitudes of martyrs in every Province cannot possibly be reckoned up especially those who suffered in Africa Mauritania Thebais and Egypt Out of Egypt some went into other Citys and Provinces and were there adorned with glorious Martyrdoms CHAP. VII Concerning those Egyptians who suffered in Phoenicia SOme of them we knew were famous for their Martyrdoms in Palestine and others in Tyre a City of Phoenicia Whom any one that had seen could not but have been astonished at their innumerable stripes at the courage and constancy of those truly admirable champions of piety in suffering them at their combat with wild beasts accustomed to devour the bloud of mankind which immediately followed their tortures with scourges at their encounters in that combat with Leopards huge wild bears fierce wild bores and bulls which were incited against them with fire and red hot iron and lastly at the admirable patience of those couragious Martyrs in enduring the Assaults of each of those wild beasts We our selves were present at the performance of these things when we saw the divine power of our Saviour Jesus Christ whom the Martyrs then bore witness of present and evidently manifesting it self to the Martyrs for those ravenous beasts for a long time dared not to touch or approach the bodies of these Martyrs beloved by God But they turned their fury upon others to wit those that were infidells who instigated and provoked them but the sacred champions onely who stood naked and by the motions of their hands irritated them against themselves for this they were enjoyned to do they did not so much as touch Sometimes indeed they assailed them but as it were by some divine power they were stopt and retired back again which hapning for a long time together gave occasion of no small admiration to the spectatours so that because the first beast performed not its assault a second and a third was let loose upon one and the same Martyr you would have admired the intrepid stedfastness of those sacred persons at the sight of all this and that firm and immoveable fortitude of mind which was in young and tender bodies for you might have seen a youth who had not yet compleated the twentieth year of his age standing still without being bound and having stretcht forth his hands in form of a Cross in an undisturbed and fearless temper of mind contending with the greatest earnestness in prayers to the divine Majesty in no wise receding or removing from the place he stood on when the Bears and the Leopards breathing forth rage and death almost toucht his very flesh with their jaws But their mouths were after what manner I know not bound fast as it were by a divine and unspeakable power and they ran backward again After such a manner as this did this person behave himself Again you might have seen others for they were in all five in number cast to an enrag'd Bull who tore some of the Infidels that approacht him tossing them into the air with his horns and leaving them to be taken up half dead But when he should have assailed the sacred Martyrs onely with rage and menaces he could not approach them but stamping on the ground with his feet tossing his horns this way and that way and breathing forth rage and menaces by reason of his being irritated with red hot irons he was notwithstanding drawn backward by the assistance of divine providence When therefore none of them was at all hurt by him they let loose other wild beasts upon them In fine after these various and horrid assaults of the wild beasts they were all killed with the sword and instead of being buried in the earth were committed to the surges of the Sea CHAP. VIII Concerning those who suffered in Egypt SUch was the combat of those Egyptians who gloriously fought for Religion at Tyre those Egyptians also may be deservedly accounted admirable who suffered Martyrdom in their own country Where infinite numbers of men together with women and children contemning this temporal life in respect of our Saviours doctrine underwent various sorts of death Some of whom after their flesh had been torn off with torturing irons after they had been rackt most cruelly scourged and undergone infinite other tortures of different sorts and horrible to be heard were committed to the fire others were drowned in the Sea Othersome chearfully offered their heads to be cut off by the Executioners some died under their tortures others were destroyed by famine Again others were crucified some of them according to the usual manner of crucifying malefactours but others after a more cruel manner being nailed to the Cross with their heads downwards and kept alive until they died by famine on the very

had committed any such sin as the sacred Scriptures terms a mortal sin ought not to be admitted to a participation of the sacred Mysteries they were indeed to be exhorted to repentance but ought not to entertain any hopes of remission from the Priests but from God who only is able and has power to forgive sins When Acesius had spoken thus the Emperour repli'd O Acesius set a Ladder and do you alone climb up to heaven This story neither Eusebius Pamphilus nor any other Author has mentioned But I had it from a person that was in no wise a lier one who was very aged and related what he had seen transacted in the Council Whence I conjecture that the same accident besell those who have omitted the mention hereof which happens to many other Writers of History For they usually pass over many things either because they are ill affected towards some or have a desire to gratifie others Thus much concerning Acesius CHAP. XI Concerning Paphnutius the Bishop NOw because we have promised before to make mention of Paphnutius and Spyridon it will be seasonable to speak of them here Paphnutius therefore was Bishop of one of the Cities in the upper Thebaïs he was a person so pious that wonderful miracles were wrought by him In the time of the Persecution one of his eyes had been cut out The Emperour had an high esteem for the man and frequently sent for him to the Pallace and kissed the place of that eye which had been dug out So great a piety and reverence was there in the Emperour Constantine Let this therefore be one thing said by us concerning Paphnutius This other which was done by his advice for the utility and advantage of the Church and the grace and ornament of the Clergy I will now relate The Bishops had a design to introduce a new Law into the Church to wit that those who were in holy Orders I mean the Bishops Presbyters and Deacons should abstain from lying with those wives which they had married during the time they were Laïcks And when a proposition was made to consult hereof Paphnutius rose up in the midst of the assembly of Bishops and cried out with a great deal of earnestness that such an heavy yoak ought not to be imposed upon those persons that were in sacred Orders saying that marriage was honourable and the bed undefil'd so that they ought to be careful least they should rather incommode the Church by their overmuch severity For all men said he cannot bear the practise of so strict and severe a continencie nor is it likely that the chastity of every one of their wives should be preserved The husbands keeping company with his lawful wife he termed chastity It was sufficient said he that they who had entred themselves into the function of the Clergy before they were married should afterwards according to the ancient tradition of the Church abstain from entring into a state of Matrimony but that no person ought to be separated from his wife whom he had heretofore married to wit whilst he was a Laick Thus he spake though he was a man who had not experienced what marriage was and as I may truly aver never knew a woman for from his childhood he had been educated in a place where the strictest exercises of virtue and abstinence were constantly practised and was eminently famous above all men for his singular continencie All the whole assembly of the Clergy were perswaded to yield their assent to what Paphnutius said wherefore they silenc'd all further debate concerning this point and left it to every mans arbitrement whether he would or would not abstain from keeping company with his wife And thus much concerning Paphnutius CHAP. XII Concerning Spyridon Bishop of the Cyprians NOw we come to speak of Spyridon so great a sanctity was in this person whilest yet a Shepherd that he was thought worthy to be made a Pastor of men He had obtained the Bishoprick of a City in Cyprus call'd Trimithuntis but by reason of his singular humility he fed sheep during his being a Bishop There are many things related of this man but I will only record one or two that I may not seem to wander from my subject One time about midnight theeves entred his sheepfold privately and attempted to take away the sheep But God who protected the shepherd preserv'd his sheep also for the theeves were by an invisible power fast bound to the ●oulds The morning being now come he went to his sheep where finding the men bound with their hands behind them he perceiv'd what had happened And after he had prayed he loosed the theeves admonishing and exhorting them earnestly to endeavour the procuring of a livelyhood by honest Labours and not by such unjust rapine He also gave them a Ram and dismist them with this facetious saying least says he you might seem to have watched all night in vain This is one of Spyridons Miracles Another was of this sort He had a daughter a Virgin indued with her fathers piety her name Irene A person well known to her entrusted her with the keeping of an ornament that was of great value The maid that she might with greater safety keep what was deposited with her hid it in the earth and within a short time died Soon after that he who had committed this thing to her care came to demand it Not finding the Virgin he involves her Father in that concern sometimes accusing another while entreating him The old man looking upon the persons loss who had entrusted his daughter as his own misfortune went to his daughters grave and did there begg of God that he would shew him the promised resurrection before the time And his hope was not frustrated For the Virgin immediately revives and appears to her father and having shew'd him the place where she had hid the ornament immediately departed Such persons as these were during the reign of Constantine the Emperour eminent in the Church These things I both heard from several Cyprians and also read them in a book of Rufinus a Presbyter written in Latine out of which I have not only collected what has here been said but also some other things which shall a little after this be declared CHAP. XIII Concerning Eutychianus the Monk I Have also heard of Eutychianus a pious man who flourished at the same time who although he was one of the Novatian Church yet was admired for works of the same nature with those we have mentioned I will sincerely confess who it was that gave me this account of him nor will I conceal it though I am sensible some will be offended with me for it One Auxanon a Presbyter of the Novatian Church was a person of a very great age this man when he was very young went to the Council of Nice with Acesius from him I receiv'd what I have said before concerning Acesius He liv'd from those times to

said by Johannes the Bishop But Johannes admitted not Severianus to a familiarity any more in future but advised him to return into his own Country signifying thus much to him Severianus said he 't is not expedient that the Diocess you are intrusted with should for so long a time continue unlookt-after and destitute of the presence of its Bishop Wherefore hasten your return to your Churches and neglect not the Gift which God hath bestowed upon you When Severianus had begun his journey the Empress Eudoxia informed hereof reproves Johannes and causes Severianus to be forthwith recalled from Chalcedon in Bithynia He came back immediately But Johannes declined a friendship with him and could by no persons entreaty be prevailed upon till such time as the Empress Eudoxia in that Church called the Apostles cast her Son Theodosius Junior then a very young child before Johannes's knees and having conjured him frequently by her Son with much a-do perswaded him to admit of a friendship with Severianus After this manner therefore c. THE SEVENTH BOOK OF THE Ecclesiastical History OF SOCRATES SCHOLASTICUS CHAP. I. That after the Emperour Arcadius's death who left his Son Theodosius then eight years old Anthemius the Praefect had the chief management of affairs in the Empire THE Emperour Arcadius having ended his life on the first of May in the Consulate of Bassus and Philippus Honorius his Brother still Governed the Western Empire the Eastern was under the Government of his Son Theodosius Junior at that time eight years of age Anthemius the Praefectus Praetorio had the chief management of the publick affairs He was Grandchild to that Philippus who in Constantius's Reign ejected Paulus the Bishop and introduced Macedonius into his See He encompassed Constantinople with a great wall Of all the men of his own times he was accounted and in reality was the most prudent person He never did any thing without advice but consulted with many of his acquaintance concerning what ought to be done chiefly with Troïlus the Sophista who besides the wisdom that was in him was Anthemius's equall in Politicall knowledge Wherefore almost all things were done with Troïlus's advice CHAP. II. Concerning Atticus Bishop of Constantinople what manner of person he was as to his temper and disposition DUring therefore the Emperours being in the eighth year of his age Atticus was in the third year of his Episcopate over Constantinople and was highly eminent He was a person as we have said before besides his great Learning pious and prudent Wherefore he much augmented the Churches under his jurisdiction For he not only defended those of his own Creed but caused the Hereticks also to admire his prudence He was in no wise vexations to them but when he had attempted to terrifie them afterwards he shewed himself mild towards them Nor was he careless about his studies For he bestowed much pains in reading ancient Writers spending whole nights in perusing them Wherefore he was not unacquainted with the discourses of the Philosophers and Sophistae Moreover to those that addrest to him he was pleasant and delectable He groaned with such as were sorrowfull and that I may speak summarily according to the Apostle's example he was made all things to all men Formerly during his being a Presbyter he made Sermons gat them by heart and Preach't them in the Church But afterwards by his assiduity he procured such a readiness of expression as to be able to speak extemporè and followed a panegyricall way of Preaching Notwithstanding his Sermons were not such as were either received by his Hearers with applause or committed to writing But concerning his Temper Moralls and Learning let this suffice I will now relate those memorable passages which hapned in his times CHAP. III. Concerning Theodosius and Agapetus Bishops of Synnada IN Synada a City of Phrygia Pacatiana one Theodosius was Bishop who severely persecuted the Hereticks in that City wherein there were many of the Sect of the Macedoniani he drove them not only out of the City but from the adjacent Villages also Which practise of his was not agreeable to that of the Orthodox Church which does not use to persecute nor was He incited hereto by a zeal for the true Faith but being a perfect slave to the love of money he made it his business to amass riches together by taking them from the Hereticks Wherefore he made all imaginable attempts against those that embraced the Sect of the Macedoniani putting the Clergy that was under him in Arms and practised a thousand stratagems against them nor did he forbear binding them over to the Courts of Judicature More especially he did severall ways disquiet their Bishop whose name was Agapetus But in regard the Governours of Provinces in no wise had as he supposed a sufficient power to punish Hereticks he ran to Constantinople and petitioned for Edicts from the Praefecti Praetorio In the interim therefore that Theodosius stayed at Constantinople on this account Agapetus who as I have told you presided over the Sect of the Macedoniani betook himself to a prudent and good course For having communicated the affair to his whole Clergy and called together the people under him he perswades them to embrace the Homoöusian Faith Having effected this he went directly into the Church accompanied with a great multitude or rather with the whole body of the people in generall Where when he had solemnized the prayers he took possession of the Chair wherein Theodosius was wont to sit And having united the people and professing in future the Homoöusian Creed he became possest of the Churches belonging to Synada These things having been after this manner transacted Theodosius arrives within a short time and brings along with him a Praefecturian assistance and being ignorant of what had been done goes immediately to the Church From whence he was driven by all persons unanimously and went again to Constantinople Being arrived there he made complaint before Atticus the Bishop of what had been done against him to wit that he had been unjustly ejected out of his Bishoprick Atticus knowing that this accident was advantagious to the Church gave Theodosius comfortable words perswading him with patience to embrace a quiet course of life and informing him that he ought to prefer the good of the publick before his own private concern But he wrote to Agapetus ordering him to continue in possession of the Bishoprick and bidding him not to be suspicious of any molestation from Theodosius's displeasure CHAP. IV. Concerning the Paralyticall Jew who was cured by Atticus the Bishop in divine Baptism THis was one usefull accident which befell the Church in the times of Atticus Nor was the state of these times without Miracles or Cures For a Jew who had been a Paralytick for many years was confined to his bed And when all medicinall remedies had been applied to him and no

Origen's opinions After this Macarius therefore Eustochius succeeded in that Bishoprick After the Ejection of Theodosius as has been related above Zoilus is declared Bishop of Alexandria And when he was added to the Alexandrian Bishops his predecessours Apollinaris undertakes the Government of that Chair After Ephraemius Domninus is entrusted with the Episcopall Throne of Antioch CHAP. XXXVIII Concerning the Fifth Holy Oecumenicall Synod and on what account it was convened DUring therefore Vigilius's presidency over the Elder Rome whilst in the first place Menas and then Eutychius was Patriarch of Constantinople and whilst Apollinaris was Bishop of Alexandria Domninus of Amioch and Eustochius of Jerusalem Justinian convenes the Fifth Synod on this account The Assertours of Origen's opinions abounding and growing powerfull in the Monasteries of Palestine and especially in that termed The new Laura Eustochius made it his whole business to eject them And going to The new Laura he drove them all out and pursued them to a great distance as being the common pest of mankind They dispersed into severall places associated many persons to their own party Theodorus surnamed Ascidas Bishop of Caesarea the Head-City of the Province Cappadocia a Prelate resident with Justinian faithfull to him and of whom the Emperour made great use undertook the Patronage of these Monks Upon his making a disturbance therefore at the Imperial Pallace and terming Eustochius's Fact the highest impiety and wickedness Ruphus Abbot of Theodosius's Monastery and Conon Abbot of the Monastery of Saba persons of the chiefest note amongst the Monasticks both for their own worth and on account of the Monasteries over which they presided are sent to the Imperial City by Eustochius They were accompanied with others also not much inferiour to them in dignity And these men resolved to debate concerning Origen primarily and concerning Evagrius and Didymus But Theodorus the Cappadocian desirous of diverting them to another matter proposes to be debated the Cause of Theodorus Bishop of Mopsuestia and that of Theodoret and Ibas the All-good God having excellently well disposed the whole matter so that whatever was profane both on the one and on the other side might be wholly expelled The first Question therefore having been proposed whether it were lawfull to Anathematize the dead Eutychius who was then present a person incomparably well versed in the Sacred Scriptures who during Menas's Life was not very eminent for he was then but Apocrisiarius to the Bishop of Amasia being not only wiser but also looking with contempt upon those convened said in express words that that question need not be debated in regard King Josias did not only heretofore slay the living Priests of Daemons but also dug open the Sepulchers of those who had been dead long before All persons that were present look't upon these words of Eutychius's to be most appositely spoken Which saying of his when Justinian was acquainted with he preferred him to the Chair of the Imperial City on the death of Menas which hapned soon after Further Vigilius gave his consent by his Letters but refused to be present at the Synod The Synod therefore being convened when the Emperour Justinian asked what their Sentiment was concerning Theodorus and in relation to those things which Theodoret had written against Cyrillus and his Twelve Heads also what they thought of that Letter said to be Ibas's written by him to Maris the Persian after many passages had been recited out of the Books of Theodorus and Theodoret and after it had been made apparent that Theodorus had long since been condemned and his name expunged out of the Sacred Diptycks and that Hereticks ought to be condemned even after their death with all suffrages as the usuall saying is they Anathematize Theodorus and what had been written by Theodoret against Cyrillus's Twelve Heads and against the true Faith Ibas's Letter also which he wrote to Maris the Persian their condemnation of the foresaid persons and writings being conceived in these express words Whereas the Great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ according to the Parable in the Gospells c. And after some other words Besides all those other Hereticks which are condemned and Anathematized by the four forementioned holy Synods and by the holy Catholick and Apostolick Church We also condemn and Anathematize Theodorus who is styled Bishop of Mopsuestia and his impious writings also what hath been impiously written by Theodoret both against the true Faith and against the Twelve Heads of Cyrillus of Blessed memory and against the First Holy Synod at Ephesus in fine whatever has been written by the same Theodoret in defence of Theodorus and Nestorius Moreover we also Anathematize that impious Letter said to have been written by Ibas to Maris the Persian And after some few words they expounded Fourteen Heads concerning the right and sincere Faith And these things proceeded in this manner But when Libells were delivered in by the Monks Eulogius Conon Cyriacus and Pancratius against the opinions of Origen Adamantius and against the followers of his impiety and errour Justinian consulted the then convened Synod about these matters having subjoyned to his own Letter a Copy of the Libell as also what he had written to Vigilius concerning these things From all which it may be gathered that Origen had made it his business to fill the Purity of the Apostolick Dogmata with Paganish and Manichaean Tares A Relation therefore was transmitted to Justinian from the Synod after the Exclamations which they had heaped together against Origen and those involved in the same erroneous Tenets with him Part of which Relation runs thus You who possess a mind partaker of a Celestiall Nobility Most Christian Emperour And after some other words We have avoided therefore we have avoided that Doctrine For we knew not the voice of Strangers And having securely bound this person as a Thief and like a Robber with the Ropes of an Anathema we have cast him out of the Sacred Rails And after some few words But you will know the power and efficacy of the matters which have been transacted by us by the reading thereof Hereto they also annexed whatever Heads Origen's followers had from their Masters learned to assert which Heads manifested both their agreements as also their disagreements and likewise their manifold errour Amongst these there was a Fifth Head which contained the Blasphemies broach't by some private persons of that termed The New Laura the Contents of which Head run thus Theodorus Ascidas the Cappadocian said If the Apostles and the Martyrs doe now work Miracles and are in so great honour unless in the Resurrection they shall be made equall to Christ what manner of Resurrection shall they have The same Fathers related severall other Blasphemies of Didymus Evagrius and Theodorus which with great diligence they had collected out of their Books Further

receive benefit from Discourse but no person has ever beheld with His eyes the latent and invisible mind it self which is the Parent of Discourse In the very same manner or rather in a manner far beyond all comparison and resemblance the most Perfect Word of the Supream God in regard He is the Onely begotten Son of the Father not consisting of a power of pronunciation nor as to His nature made up of syllables names and words nor exprest by a voice which strikes through the air but existing the Living and Operating Word of the Supream God and subsisting personally as being the Power of God and the Wisdom of God proceeds from His Father's Divinity and comes forth out of his Kingdom And in as much as He is the Good Off-spring of the Good Father and the Common Saviour of all things He passes thorow and derives a moysture upon all living Creatures and by reason of His own fulness of Reason Wisdom Light and of all Goods He diffuses Himself over all things not only those that are at hand and near but them also that are at the remotest distance whether on the Earth or in the Sea or where ever else if besides these there be in nature any other Seat or Habitation allotted to things To all which with the greatest equity and justice He appoynts Limits and Regions and Laws and stated Inheritances and by his Royal power bestows upon and supplies each of them with those things that are fit and agreeable And to some of them he assignes for their place of Residence those Arches that are above the world again to others He appoints The Heaven for their Habitation to others Aetherial Mansions to others the Air to others the Earth And afterwards He does again remove them from hence to other places and makes an exact enquiry into the lives of every one of them and rewards their Morals Behaviour and Conversation He likewise provides food and nourishment not only for Creatures endued with reason but for those that are irrational also which are of use to men and to these Latter He affords the enjoyment of a mortal and temporary Life but to the Former a participation of a Life immortal In fine He Himself as being the Word of God effects all things is every where present and by His rational power does penetrate and pass thorow all things And looking up to His own Father agreeably to His will and appointment He governs and manages all inferiour things and which are consequent to Him in regard He is the Common Saviour of all existing in a manner The Middle between both and joyning that Substance which has an Original with the unbegotten Father For the Word of God is a most firm middle Bond which does bind together things distant one from another and suffers them not to depart far asunder He is that Providence which Governs the Universe He it is who takes care of Composes and Corrects all things He is the Power of God and the Wisdom of God Lastly He is the Onely begotten Word God begotten of God For In the Beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God All things were made by Him and without Him was not any thing made that was made as the sacred expressions of Divine men do inform us He is the Common Planter of all things by whose assistance the substance of all things does sprout and flourish being continually watered by showers from Him and always enlivened with new Vigour and every day endued with Comeliness and Beauty He holds the Reines of the Universe in his hand and directs all things in a straight Course and by the arbitrement of his Father manages the Helm of that vast Ship of the whole World Such an incomparable Artist as this the Onely-Begotten Son namely when He who is God over all as being the most excellent Father of the most excellent Foetus had begotten of Himself He bestowed Him on this World as the chiefest Good and having infused Him as the Soul and Life into a Body inanimate and mixt His own Word and Reason with the irrational Nature of Bodies by the Divine power of His own Word He enlightened and gave life to formless Matter which was without shape life and figure Whom we ought to acknowledge and contemplate as continually and in all places present in Matter and in the Elements of Bodies and as the Begetter of all Creatures endued with Life and must own Him to be The Light and the Intellectual Product of inexplicable Light Who as to Essence is One because begotten of One Father but contains in Himself many powers and faculties For because there be many parts of the world we must not for that reason think that there are many Powers nor because many things have been made is it therefore fit we should determine that there be many Gods also Indeed those Sons of persons that were worshippers of many Gods in regard as to their minds they were childish and simple have err'd miserably whilst they Deified the Parts of the Universe and divided the world which in it self was one into many 'T is the same as if any person should take the eyes of one entire man by themselves and should say that they were one Man and again the ears another man and in like manner the head another as also the neck and the breast and the shoulders and the feet and the hands and having thus divided the rest of the members into pieces and Lastly by a mental abstraction severed the Faculties of the Senses should affirm Him who is really but one to be a great many men He that should proceed thus would do nothing more than expose his own madness to be laught at by men of sense Exactly such a one is he who forms to himself an infinite number of Gods out of the parts of one world or who supposes that the world it self which has both a Beginning and also consists of many parts is a God and who does not understand that 't is no way possible that the Divine Nature should consist of parts For should it be compounded it would want some other thing which might compound it nor again could that in any wise be divine which should consist of many parts For how should it be divine whenas it would consist of things unlike and different and of worse and better But the Nature of God is simple indivisible and uncompounded and is far beyond all this visible constitution of the world Wherefore that Preacher of Truth has cryed out with a loud voice plainly expressing Himself in this manner 'T is certain the Word of God who existed before all things is the only Saviour of all rational Creatures But God who is above all the Authour of the Generation of the Word in regard He alone is the Cause of all things is properly styled the

His hands by casting it into the fire and afterwards by pulling it out of the flames entire and unconsum'd in the very same manner the Word of God who confers life on all desirous to demonstrate that mortal instrument which He had made use of in order to the salvation of men to be superiour to Death and to render it a partaker of His own life and immortality underwent a most usefull and advantagious dispensation forsaking His Body during a very short time and surrendring up to Death that which was mortal that its own nature might hereby be proved then soon after rescuing it from Death again in order to the manifestation of His Divine Power by which power He made it apparent that that Eternal Life which He had promised was superiour to all the force of Death Now the reason of this thing is evident and perspicuous For whereas it was altogether necessary for His disciples that with their own eyes they should see a manifest and undoubted Reparation of life after death in which life He had taught them to place their Hopes in regard His design was to render them Contemners and Vanquishers of death not without reason it was that He would have them behold this with their own eyes For it behoved such persons who were about entring upon a pious Course of life by the clearest view to behold and imbibe this first and most necessary Lesson of all and much more those who were forthwith to Preach Him thoroughout the whole world and to declare to all men the knowledge of God the foundation of which knowledge had before been laid by Him amongst all Nations Which persons ought to rely and ground upon the firmest and most undoubted perswasion of a life after death to the end that without any fear or dread of Death they might with alacrity undertake the Combat against the errour of the Nations who worship many Gods For unless they had learnt to dispise Death they would never have been provided against those perils they were to undergo Wherefore when as 't was requisite He would arm them against the power of Death He did not deliver them a Precept in naked words and bare expressions nor as the usage of men is did He compose an Oration concerning the immortality of the soul made up of Perswasives and Probabilities but really and actually shewed them the Trophies erected against Death This then was the first and most Cogent reason of Our Saviour's engagement with Death For He shewed His disciples that death which is formidable to all was nothing and by a clear view rendred them eye-witnesses of that Life promised by Him which very life He made the First-Fruits of our common hope and of a future life and immortality with God A second reason of His Resurrection was the demonstration of that Divine Power which had dwelt in His Body For in regard men had heretofore deified mortal persons who had been vanquished by Death and had usually termed them Heroes and Gods whom Death had subdued on this very account the most Compassionate Word of God did even here manifest who He was shewing men that His own nature was above Death And He not only raised His Mortal Body after 't was separated from His Soul to a second Life but proposed that Trophy of immortality which by His conquest of Death He had erected to be viewed by all and in His very death taught that He alone was to be acknowledged the true God who had been crown'd with the Rewards of Victory over Death I could also assign you a third reason of Our Lord's death He was a Sacred Victim offered up for the whole Race of mankind to God the Supream King of the Universe A Victim sacrificed instead of the Flock of men a Victim which routed and destroyed the Errour of Diabolical Superstition For after that one Victim ad eximious sacrifice namely the most Holy Body of Our Saviour was slain for mankind and offered up as the Substitute to ransome the Life of all Nations who being before bound by the impiety of Diabolical Errour stood convict of Treason as 't were thenceforward all the power of impure and profane Daemons became extinct and all manner of terrestrial and fraudulent Errour was forthwith weakened dissolv'd and confuted The Salutary Sacrifice therefore taken from among men namely the very Body of the Divine Word was sacrificed in place of the whole Flock of men And this was the Victim delivered unto death concerning which mention is made in the Expressions of the Sacred Scriptures which are sometimes worded in this manner Behold the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world sometimes they run thus as a sheep He was led to the slaughter and as a Lamb before His Shearer He was dumb And they likewise tell us the reason by adding these words He bears our sins and is tortured with pain for us and we esteemed Him to be in labour and in stripes and in affliction But He was wounded for our sins and He was bruised by reason of our iniquities The chastisement of our peace was upon Him with His stripes we are healed All we like sheep have gone astray every one has wandered in His own way and the Lord hath delivered Him for our sins For these reasons therefore the Humane Instrument of God the Word was sacrificed But this Great High-Priest consecrated to God the Chief Governour and Supream King being something else besides a Victim namely The Word of God The Power of God and The Wisdom of God soon recalled His mortal Body from death and presented it to His Father as the First-fruits of Our common Salvation having erected this for all mankind as the Trophy of that Victory which He had gain'd over Death and over the Army of Daemons and made it the final Abolishment of those humane Victims which of old had been usually offered in sacrifice BUT whereas these things are thus 't is now seasonable we should come to the demonstrations if indeed the truth of these matters has any need of demonstration and if it be indeed necessary to produce testimonies in confirmation of deeds that are manifest and evident Take therefore these demonstrations having first prepared your ears in order to a candid hearing of our discourse All Nations upon the Earth were heretofore divided and the whole Race of men was minc't into Provinces into various dominions over each Nation and place into Tyrannies and manifold Principalities On which account fights and continued Wars Depopulations and Captivities as well in the Countries as Cities never left them Hence the numerous Subjects of Histories Adulteries and Rapes of women hence the calamitous destruction of Troy and those Tragedies of the Ancients whereof mention is made amongst all men The Causes of which calamities should any one ascribe to their errour in